SHEA'S LIBRARY OF AMERICAN LINGUISTICS.
XI.
AMS PRESS, INC.
NEW YORK
ALPHABETICAL VOCABULARIES
OF THE
CLALLAM AND LUMMI.
BY
GEORGE GIBBS.
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
NEW YORK:
CRAMOISY PRESS.
1863.
Transcriber's Note: Obvious printer errors have been corrected. All
other inconsistencies are as in the original. A table of contents,
though not present in the original, has been provided below:
Preface
Vocabulary of the Clallam
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, W, Y.
Local Nomenclature of the Clallam Tribe
Vocabulary of the Lummi
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, W, Y.
Local Nomenclature of the Lummi Tribe
Names of Lummi Chiefs
[Pg v]
PREFACE.
The tribe of Clallams, as they are usually called by the residents of
Washington Territory—by the neighboring Indians named S'klal´am, and
denominated by themselves Nūs-klái yūm—inhabit the southern shore
of Fuca Strait, from about the Okĕho River on the west, to Port
Townshend on the east, bordering in the first direction on the Makahs,
sometimes called Classets (the Klaizzart of Jewitt), a tribe of the
Nootka family who inhabit Cape Flattery, and in the other on the
Chemakum, like themselves a branch of the Selish, though a yet more
remote one. Their language is the same, with some dialectic differences
only, as that of the Songhus and Sokes of Vancouver Island opposite. It
is this which has been referred to by Drs. Scouler and Latham as the
"Nusdalum," undoubtedly, in the first instance, a misprint.
The Clallam differs materially from the other Selish languages of the
Puget Sound country, though less from the Lummi than the rest. Its
noticeable feature is the frequent occurrence of the nasal ng.
The Lummi tribe live on the lower part of a river heading in the Cascade
Range, north-east of Mount Baker, and emptying by two mouths, one into
Bellingham Bay, the other into the Gulf of Georgia, the upper waters of
which are inhabited by the Nook-sahks (Nūk-sák). They are, however,
intruders here, their former country having been a part of the group of
islands between the[Pg vi] continent and Vancouver Island, to which they still
occasionally resort. Their own name is Nūkh´lum-mi. The Skagits call
them Nūkh-lésh, and some of the other tribes Há-lum-mi. Their
dialectic affinities are rather with the Sannitch of the south-eastern
end of Vancouver Island than with any of the Indians of the main land,
and the two probably at one period formed a single tribe, which more
remotely was connected with the Clallams and Songhus. The Simiahmoo
(Si-mi-á-mu), a small remnant, living on the bay of that name, north of
them, belong likewise to this group. On the south the Lummi adjoin the
Samish and other bands of the Skagits, who in language approach the
Nisquallies.
Like the Clallam, their language abounds with the nasal ng, both as a
prefix and a termination. It has another peculiarity, in great measure
its own, in the broad sound of the letter a, somewhat as in the words
mass, pass, but even more prolonged. I have distinguished this in
the vocabulary by the italic. The letters f, r, v, z, are
wanting in both languages.
The Clallam and Lummi, as will be observed, contain three classes of
cardinals, which I have distinguished as simple, personal, and of
valuation, although these terms are not strictly accurate; certain
objects, besides men, being counted by the second, and others, as well
as money, by the third; I have never fully ascertained the distinctions
which govern their use. The words animate and inanimate do not
apply; those of noble and ignoble, by which the French Missionaries
designated the names of objects in the Algonquin languages, probably
indicate the idea. Mr. Gallatin, in his "Notes on the Semi-Civilized
Nations of Mexico," &c.,[A] mentions the same peculiarity as existing in
the Mexican and Maya, in the former of which there are three different
terminations suffixed to the simple numbers, according to the objects
denoted. A similar distinction is found in the Makak language, and
traces of it, at[Pg vii] least, are observable in the Pima. I imagine that by
inquiry the fact would be found to exist in other Indian tongues.
Singularly enough, this feature also characterizes some of the languages
of Micronesia.
The affinities of the Clallam and Lummi with the Selish are too obvious
to require demonstration. Indeed Dr. Latham has already classed the
former with the Shewhapmukh, or, as he terms it, Atna, of Frazer River,
the northernmost of the Selish dialects. The term Atna, it may be
mentioned, is improperly applied as a family name to these languages, as
it is a Tákulli (Athabascan or Chepewyan) word, signifying, according to
Mr. A. C. Anderson, "strangers."
These two vocabularies were collected, the first at Port Townshend,
during a residence of a few months, the other at Simiámoo Bay, while I
was connected with the N. W. Boundary Commission. Neither of them
underwent more than a partial revision, and inaccuracies have therefore
doubtless crept in. They are, however, sufficiently reliable to afford
the basis of extending comparisons with the other Selish and the more
northern coast families.
[Pg 9]
VOCABULARY OF THE CLALLAM.
Above, tsits-itl.
Aboard, si-it-hwu.
Afraid, sá-si-si.
Again, hon-áng.
Alive, é-yé.
All, o-hun´na;
that's all, aukhk.
Always, wút-an-su;
I always work, wút-an-su chá-ai.
Ankle, tsuts-hó-kwi-sun.
Arrive at, to, tuss´tsen.
Arm, tsái-is.
Arrow, yetcht.
Arrow head, of wood, katstl;
of iron, kum-tin-ái-in; (kum-tum, iron.)
Autumn, tchin-sót-le.
Axe, s'kūk-um´.
Back, the, stets-i´kwun.
Bad, kwaukh, s'há-as.
Barberry, "Oregon grape" (berberis), she´tchin.
Barbs of fish spear, tsó-kwái-ten.
Bark, chai-íkh.
Barnacle, tsóhngt.
Bat, klat-li-pi-á-han.
Basket, mo-hói;
cedar bark, t'shó-ikl;
fir root, sp'chu.
Beach, kokh-hwéng-u.
Beads, kwé-kwe.
Bear, black, s'chi-kwáitsh;
grizzly, kwái-it-shin.
Beaver, ské-yau.
Beard, kwun-tsen.
Behind, il-kwá-us.
Berries (generic), s'chá-yuk-w'tl.
Bilberry, yé-hum.
Birds:
Sea ducks (generic), mó-ōk.
Small land birds (generic), tsit-sum.
Crane, si-é-hu.
Crow, skwa-kwa´to.
Duck, mallard (a. boschas), te´nuk-sen.
Duck, surf (f. perspicillata), klé-yin.
Duck, velvet (f. fusca), ko-mat´sin-hlai.
[Pg 10]
Duck, harlequin (f. histrionica), sus-sáu.
Duck, scaup (f. marila), swét-st.
Duck, goosander (m. merganser), ko-ōkw.
Eagles, bald (Haliaetus), kwái-eng-s'n.
Eagles, golden (Aquila), ku-táit-sin-hu.
Goose, yukh-hó-na.
Guillemot, sas-sé-mats.
Gulls, kwun-né, ku-té-uk.
Grebes, kla-ái-kun.
Grouse, dusky, gné-et.
ruffed, sté-yu-hūng.
Heron, snōk-ho.
Jay, s'háikh-hai.
Pigeon, hum-ókh.
Raven, sku-to´.
Sandpipers, ske´uks.
Black, un-uk-áikh, an-nu-káikh.
Blanket, swi´shi-atl;
of dog's hair, skum-éng-utl.
Blood, stó-yu-kum.
Blue, kus-kus-sho´it, an-nu-kwé-o.
Board, se-y't-hu.
Body, ni-chi-chái-ten, n's-tats-kl.
Body, parts of:
Head, skūng-i.
Hair, si-at´t'n.
Face, sats.
Ear, skong´us.
Eye, kái-in.
Nose, nuk´s'n.
Mouth, tsú-ts'n.
Tongue, tikh´wh'lts.
Teeth, tchin´nis.
Beard, kwun-ūt-s'n.
Neck, hōng-en.
Arm, tsái-'s.
Elbow, skōp-hai.
Wrist, s'hōts-kwats.
Hand, s'ch-hats´.
Fingers, s'ch-hats´.
Nails, ts-shūts.
Breast or Chest, tsung-utl.
Woman's Bosom, skub-ó.
Back, stets´i-kwun.
Leg, s'hun-na.
Ankle, tuts-hó-kwi-sun.
Foot, kl-tá-s'n.
Toes, kl-tá-s'n.
Bone, st-zum.
Heart, ha-chin-nin´.
Blood, sto´yu-kun.
Skin, kó-wi.
Penis, shel´la.
Testes, ng-at'sun.
Boil, to, kwái-yis.
Bone, st-zum.
Bore a hole, to, t'sluk´wut.
Both, chá-sa.
Bow, s'ho´mo-ten.
Bow-string, sul-kwá-tchin.
Boy, swé-wa-ūs, scha-chi-aitl.
Bracelets, tso´me-chin.
Break, to, ti-kwut´.
Breasts of woman, skub-ó.
Bring, to, an-ákh´w;
bring that, (imp.) an-akhw ta-sái-ya.
Broad, kl-kút.
Brother, elder, sūt-hó-nuk;
younger, sái-tchin.
Bucket, skó-tun.
Buffalo, kwáisp.
Buy, to, tá-kws.
Burying ground, má-kwa.
Bye and bye, hets.
[Pg 11]
Canoe, Chinook pattern, o-ót-hus;
Cowitshin do., sté-watl;
ducking canoe, sno'h-wh'l.
Carry, to, óng-ut-un.
Carpenter, worker in wood, skai-án-hwu.
Catch, to, kl-kwút.
Cedar bark, si-ó-we;
wood, ts-shái.
Chest or breast, the, tsung´utl;
chest (box), kló-yuks.
Chief, si-ám.
Chop, to, kum-mut´.
Clam, quahog (Venus), ski-hé-yu;
the large kind (lutraria), swá-hum;
blue striated species, skuk-lái.
Clouds, s'hu-nó-wus.
Cockle, sklé-yōm.
Cod fish, s'ká-kan.
Cold, klá-tchi.
Colors:
White, puk'h.
Red, un-tsukw´, an-nu-tsuk´o.
Black, un-uk-aikh, an-nu-káikh.
Blue, kus-kus-sho´it, an-nu-kwhé-o.
Yellow, nuts-kwai-ye´win, an-nu-kwái-kwai.
Green, un-tlutlkh, an-nu-klikh´tl.
Comb, kl-sing´en.
Come, to, en-át-sen;
I come, an-ná;
come you (imp.) an-ná-chi.
Cook on stones, to, nūtch-kwé-nutl.
Copulate, to, kwat'tl.
Corpse, kó-i.
Cougar, kau-ét-sap.
Cup, mét-kw.
Cuttle fish, ské-mukw.
Crab, a-ché-he.
Crane, si-é-hu.
Crow, skwa-kwá-to.
Cry, to, hōng.
Dance, to, kwoi-é-ish-ten.
Darkness, s'chat.
Daughter (child), nung-un´na.
Day, skwá-tchi.
Dead, kó-i.
Dead land (country of the dead), snó-nukw.
Deep, kletch.
Deer, hōpt, smé-yis.
Demon (the primal race), s'hui-áb.
Dig, to, tsé-yukwt;
dig out, to, (e.g. a canoe), ká-hai-yu.
Do, to, chá-ai.
Dog, ská-ha; plur. ska-yá-ha.
Dog fish, s'kwats.
Door, so'tl.
Down stream, kwó-kwŭ.
Dream, to, (1st pers. ind.) kwi-nóng-tut-sen.
Drink, I, ko-kwát-sen; (ko, water.)
Drive, to, kwi-hut´l.
Drunk (i.e. foolish), as-hwá-kwu.
Dry, há-ching.
Duck (mallard), té-nuk-sen.
Dull, n'ko-mūkh.
Dung, to, ká-ang.
[Pg 12]
Ear, kwái-in.
Earth, land, sh-stung´a-whun.
Eagle, bald, kwái-eng-s'n;
golden, ku-táit-sin-hu.
Eat, to, ts-kwin-sunt-sen, it-lun.
Echinus, skwét-si.
Eggs, sing-i-á-net.
Eight, tats, tats-sái-ya, tats-háit-hu.
Elbow, skōp-hái-al-ka.
Elk, kai-yétsh.
End or point, elks.
Evening, táng-en.
Eye, kái-in.
Exchange, to, at-shé-ti.
Face, sats.
Far, yé-ye, he-eh.
Father, i-ái-in;
grandfather, sé-ya.
Feathers, s'chái.
Find, to, chó-nut-sen.
Finish, I have finished work, ho-its´na kwin's chái.
Fingers, s'ch-hats.
Fir tree (abies Douglassii), skai-ái-nukh, chi-á-chitch;
fir bark, tsi´yi.
Fire, só-nūts.
Fire wood, tl-káts.
First, i-chá-yi.
Fish, tsâ'kw.
Fish, etc.:
Cod fish, s'ká-kan.
Crab, a-ché-e.
Cuttle fish, ské-mukw.
Dog fish, s'kwats.
Flounder, hwau-kwun.
Halibut, s'hōt'h.
Herring, klōngt.
Oulakan, kláis.
Porpoise, s'hú-ma-hens.
Salmon (see page 17).
Sculpin, swan-itl.
Shark, klá-yuk-a-tét-s'n.
Sturgeon, kw'táit-sin.
Toad fish, s'chem-ukh.
Fish gig, sti-é-hu.
Fishing line of kelp, schats.
Fish with a line, to, tl-ti-ó-is.
Fish weir, su-ta-t'hl.
Five, kl-katcht, kl-kut-shái-ya, kl-kut-sháit'hu.
Flesh, sli-ukw´.
Flounder, flatfish, hwau-kwun.
Fly, the insect, kli-kái-a-hun-na.
Foot, kl-tá-sn.
Four, ng-os, ni-sai-ya, nu-sáit-hu.
Formerly, a long time ago, hēts.
From, tó-kūt-s'n.
Full, es-si-át-st'l.
Gaff, for salmon, kle-kwun.
Gambling disks, sla-hal´lum.
Get up, to, tsát-lung.
Girl, slet-lát-li-ke.
Give, to, ang-at.
Go, I, (1st pers. pres. ind.) hai-át-sen;
go (imp.) óh'chi;
I go there, ōts-na tá-sái-ya.
Goat (aploceras), shwét-le.
Good, áikh, hatl;
good so (that's well), ái-yu-hó-nang;
good man, ais swé-ka;
good dog, ais ká-ha.
[Pg 13]
Goosander (mergus merganser), ho-ōk'w.
Goose, yukh´ho-na.
Grandfather, sé-ya, tchutt.
Grandmother, sé-ya.
Grass, s'hats-ai;
mat grass for thread, klutl.
Grease or oil, smuts.
Grebe (podiceps), kla-ái-kun.
Green, un-tlútlh, an-nu-klikhtl.
Grouse (tetrao obscurus), gné-et;
(tetrao umbellus), ste´yu-hūng.
Guillemot, sas-sé-mats.
Gull, ku-té-uk, kwun-né.
Gum, pitch, tché-ukh.
Hail, chit-la-hái-sin.
Hair, si-at´tn.
Haiqua (the dentalium), klets´-chin.
Half, il-chukh´.
Halibut, s'hōt'h, tsōt'h.
Hand, s'ch-hats´.
Hard, ko-sang´.
Hare, rabbit, ka-káit-se.
Haul, to, ho-kwut´.
Hat, s'ches´euk'h.
He, when present, tsa-mukw;
if absent, netl.
Head, skūng-i.
Hear, I, yai-yá-nung-sen.
Heart, ha-chin-nin´.
Here, te-at´hla.
Heron (ardea herodias), snōk-ho.
Herring, klōngt.
Hide, to, kwai's.
Hit, I, tcho´kwe-nūt-sen.
Holla, to, kwá-kwut-ching.
How many? kwén-chis;
how many people? ko-nái-ya;
how many dollars? ko-nai chis ngun dolla;
how much money have you? ko-nai te chin dolla.
House, ái-yung;
my house, n'skwai, te ai-yung.
Hundred, na-tcho-wutsh.
Hungry, hwam.
Husband, my, n'swé-i-ka.
I, utza.
Ice, sle´a-hu.
Indians, people, tl-stái-ing-hu, ats-il-tái-ing-hu.
Infant, s'chá-in.
Iron, kum-tum´.
Island, kl-chás.
Jay (garrulus stelleri), s'háikh-hai.
Just now, lately, chatsh´ta;
I have just come chatsh-ta't n's-ta´chi.
Kamass, k'whló-i.
Kettle, skwó-ten.
Kill, to, ko-ché-yu.
Knee, skai-yá-ko.
Knife, sheath, ko-kwái-is;
pocket, náng-nun.
Know, I, hut-chét 't-sen.
[Pg 14]
Lake, tsé-ikhtl.
Large, tchuk.
Lately, just now, chátsh-ta.
Laugh, to, net´ching.
Lazy, tsá-hūng.
Leaf, s'chá-sun.
Leap, to, hwé-tung.
Leg, s'hun´na.
Lie, to, kai-yukh´.
Light, wái-yu.
Lightning, chin-é-kwa.
Like, hon-áng.
Listen (imp.), yá-ya-nung-ōts-hu.
Long, klakt;
long ago, hets.
Look for, to, kli-yáng.
Lose, to, tsits-hwá-nung.
Love, to, nus-klé.
Low tide, sung-ōt-sen.
Lynx (L. fasciata), tsát-sats.
Mallard, duck, té-nuk-sen.
Mammals:
Bat, klat-li-pi-á-hun.
Bear, black, s'chi-kwáitsh.
Bear, grizzly, kwái-it-shin.
Beaver, ské-yau.
Buffalo, kwáisp.
Cougar, kan-et´sap.
Deer, hōpt, smé-yis.
Dog, ská-ha.
Elk, kai-yétsh.
Goat, mountain, swét-le.
Hare, rabbit, ka-káit-se.
Lynx, tsat-sats.
Mink, mis-tcho.
Mouse, skwa´tun.
Musk rat, skulkh-kut'lkh.
Land otter, ska´atl.
Sea otter, tum´mus.
Seal, ass´hu.
Skunk, smat-s'n.
Squirrel (sciurus), sp-si-yūt-s'n;
(tamias), ha-hái-yu-wetsh.
Wolf, sta´ching.
Whale, ch-whé-yu.
Man, swé-ka; plur. swé-yi-ka;
young man, swé-wūs;
old man, kwilt-chák.
Many, ng' únn;
many men, ng' ungt' swé-yi-ka.
Mat, of round rushes (tulé), taks-lats´hu;
flat do. (cat's tail), su-ya-átsh, kai-nim;
cedar bark, tsum´mut.
Mat needle, ho-k'hún.
Medicine, s'tái-ing-hu.
Medicine man, magician or doctor, s'hu-nām.
Middle, ets-tóng-en.
Milk, skub-ó.
Mink, mis´tcho.
Miss a mark, to, tang-un;
miss the road, to, ti-tákh.
Mistake, to, in speech, ti-takh.
Moccasins, kluk´shin.
Molluscs, etc.:
Barnacle, tsōngt.
Clams, quahog (Venus), ski-he-yu;
large (Lutraria), swa´-hum;
blue striated, skuk-hlái.
Cockle (cardium), sklé-yōm.
Hai-kwa (Dentalium), klets-chin.
Mussel, to´yuk.
Oyster, klokh-klokh.
[Pg 15]
Scallop (pecten), na´na.
Sea egg (echinus), skwét-si.
Moon, kl-káitsh.
Morning, kwá-tchi.
Mosquito, pwáik-sen.
Mother, tān.
Mountain, h'kwi-étsh.
Mouse, skwá-tun.
Mouth, tsu´ts'n.
Musk rat, skulkh-kut'lkh.
Mussel, the small blue, to´yuk.
My sister, na ais;
my house, na ai-yung;
my things, n's-kwâ-na-akw.
Mythology:
Nó-kwe-mătl or Dó-kwe-bătl, the principal supernatural being, corresponding to Ikáni of the Chinooks.
S'hui-áb, the primal or demon race.
S'hu-nām, magic or medicine.
Te-yūtl-ma, the genius of good fortune.
Hun-ha-né-ti, a performance of conjuring or "tamá-nous" (Chinook), known to the Nisquallies as s'hí-na, in which it is pretended that the person initiated is killed and then restored to life.
Name, s'dá.
Nails, ts´shūts.
Near, klat-lé-a-ke.
Needle, chát-sun.
Neck, hōng-en.
New, háu-us, k'hau-ós.
Night, s'nat´.
Nine, tōkw, t'kwái-ya, t'kwáit-hu.
None, á-wun-na, au-wuts-an.
Noon, k'é-yit.
Nose, nuk'sn.
Now, ti-á-no.
Numerals:
Simple Cardinals—
1, nit´zo.
2, chis´sa.
3, klekhw.
4, ng-os.
5, kl-katcht
6, t'hung.
7, tsōks.
8, tats.
9, tōkw.
10, ó-pen.
Personal Cardinals—
1, nát-so.
2, chá-sa.
3, kl-whái-ya.
4, ni-sái-ya.
5, kl-kut-shái-ya.
6, tukh-ung-ái-ya.
7, tsakw-tsái-ya.
8, tats-sái-ya.
9, t'kwái-ya.
10, o-pen-ái.
Cardinals of Valuation—
1, n'sakt´hu.
2, n'sháit-hu.
3, kl-wháit-hu.
4, nu-sáit-hu.
5, kl-kut-sháit-hu.
6, tukh-hung-áit-hu.
7, tsak-sáit-hu.
8, tats-háit-hu.
9, t-kwáit-hu.
10, o-pen-áit-hu.
[Pg 16]
11, o-pen it nitzo.
12, o-pen i'tchus-sa.
20, t's-kwuss.
30, h'l-lūtl-sha.
100, na-tcho-wutsh.
1000, p'né-itsh.
Old, snuk-ai.
Old man, kwil´tchuk;
old woman, kwil´tchuk slá-ni.
One, nit´zo, nat´so, n'sákt-hu.
Otter, land, ská-atl;
sea, tum´-mus.
Oulakan, a small fish, klais.
Out doors, as-saktl´.
Oyster, klókh-klokh.
Off shore, tsát-so.
Paddle, a, hōng-ut.
Paddle, to, ist.
People, tl-stái-ing-hu, ats-il-tái-ing-hu.
Penis, shel´la.
Pigeon, hum-ókh.
Pipe, pá-akw.
Pitch, tché-uk.
Plank, sé-y't-hu.
Plants, etc.:
Barberry (berberis), shé-tchin.
Berries (generic), s'chá-yuk-w'tl.
Bilberry, yé-hun.
Grass, s'hats-ái.
used for mat thread, klutl.
Kamass (squilla), k'whló-i.
Rush, cat-tail, kwo-ōt.
Sallal (Gualtheria), tak´a.
Salmon berry, al-e´lo.
Strawberry, té-yukw.
Tobacco, smá-nash.
Point or end, elk'hs.
Pound, to, as grain, tsut.
Pour, to, kwi-yet´.
Porpoise, s'hū-ma-héns.
Prairie, spelh´han.
Pregnant, as-kwá-kwai.
Presently, kwa-kwát-hu.
Pronouns:
I, absolute, ut´za;
copulative, prefixed to a verb, ats;
suffixed to do., sun, sen, sin.
My, na, n's, n, n'skwai.
Thou, nukw;
copulative prefixed, chin;
suffixed, hu;
or in the imperative, chi.
He, if present, tsa-nukw;
absent, netl.
We, nung'l, kl-ning´utl.
Ye, nukw, kl-nukw.
They, kwas´sa, tsâ-ta.
Prongs of fish gig, sta-whái-uts.
Push, to, chōng-ut.
Quick, come quick! á-atl.
Rain, to, s'lem´hu.
Rake, v., to take small fish with a rake, tlut´a-men.
[Pg 17]
Raven, sku-tó.
Red, un-tsukw´, an-nu-tsuk´o.
Relations, nis-chá-cha.
Relationships:
Father, i-ái-in.
Mother, tan.
Grandfather, sé-ya, tchut.
Grandmother, sé-ya.
Son, my, nung-un´na.
Daughter, my, nung-un´na.
Husband, my, n'swé-yi-ka.
Wife, my, n'slá-ni.
Brother, elder, sūt-hó-nuk.
younger, sái-tchin.
Sister, elder, sūt-hó-nuk.
younger, ais.
Return, to, ho-wé-yung.
Rhododendron, kwalt-héltsh.
River, stó-a-wi.
Roast, by the fire, chuk-ōts.
Rope, hwé-lum.
Rotten, as wood, tsá-kong;
as fruit, skwâng´utst.
Rush, cat-tail, kwo-ōt.
Run, I, skwá-nung-ut´sen.
Sallal berries, ták-a.
Salmon:
S. quinnat, kwit´shin.
S. truncatus, klut´shin.
S. Scouleri, kutch´kus.
S. proteus, hun´nun.
S. (undetermined), mét-hlets.
S. canis, kl'whái.
S. Campbelli, kwatcht.
Salmon roe, kai-yukh´.
Salmon berries, al-é-lo.
Salt, klatl.
Sand, pe-kwut-chin.
Sand piper (tringa), ské-uks.
Scallop (pecten), ná-na.
Sculpin, swan-itl.
Sea, kl-lalts.
Sea fowl, mó-ōk.
Seal, ass´hu.
Seal's bladder, ts-só.
Seasons:
Spring, tclin-es-hwó-as.
Summer, kla-té-kum, tchin-é-si.
Autumn, tchin-só-le.
Winter, klá-tchi.
Seat, the, kló-wuk.
See, to, kwun't.
Seven, tsōks, tsakw-tsái-ya, tsak-sáit-hu.
Sew, to, chit-seng-ut-sen.
Seine, so-yuk.
Shadow, nu-kwá-ku-no-sing, ká-katl.
Shark, klá-yuk-a-tét-s'n.
Sharp, ái-yūts.
Shirt, sli-pói-kut;
woollen do., sno-wéks.
Shoes, kwut-lé-shin.
Shoulder, tsé-a-kwun.
Short, chái-yetl.
Sick, as-hátl'h;
I am sick, as-hátl'h-sen.
Sing, to, te-yum´tsen.
Sister, elder, sūt-hó-nuk;
do. younger, ais.
Sit, to, á-mut.
Six, t'hung, tukh-hung-ái-ya, tukh-hung-áit-hu.
Skate, fish, ká-kaukh.
Skunk, smát-s'n.
[Pg 18]
Sky, tsit-sl.
Skin, kó-wi.
Slave, skwé-its.
Sleep, to, et-tut-sen.
Small, klōt-la, ma-má-min.
Smoke, sp-kōng.
Snake, swa-hut-si.
Sneeze, to, há-sung.
Squirrel (Sciurus), sp'si´yut-sen;
(Tamias), ha-hái-yu-wetsh.
Speak, to, kwái-it-sen.
Spear fish, to, te-chut.
Spear, pronged, for birds, tsó-kwun, s'hōm.
Split, chá-yūts.
Spoon, kla-muks.
Spring, chin-es-hwó-as.
Stand, to, tsit-lung.
Star, te-tó-se-na.
Steal, to, kan.
Stone, s'nangt.
Stop, hó-i;
stop talking (imp.), sum-mó'h-tchi.
Story, yét-sum.
Stranger, natsh.
Strawberries, té-yukw.
Strike, to, kó-cht.
Strong, kum-kum´.
Sturgeon, kw'táit-sin.
Sun, sū-shát'sht.
Summer, kla-té-kum, tchin-é-si.
Surf, skw-lai-yá-kan.
Swim, to, tung-ōng.
Take, to, kl-kwut´.
Teeth, tchin´nis.
Tell the truth, to (1st pers.), as-klá'w-chin skwai.
Ten, ó-pen, ó-pen-ai, ó-pen-áit-hu.
Testicles, ng'át-sun.
That thing (the there), ta-sái-ya.
There, ta-sái-ya;
I go there, ōts-na ta-sái-ya.
They, kwas´sa, tsâ-ta.
Thick, as a plank, ch'hlut´.
Thin, as paper, chá-chum-é.
Thirsty, I am, kwa-kwái-ing-sen.
Thou, nukw.
Thousand, p'ne´itsh.
Three, klekhw, kl-hwái-ya, kl-hwáit-hu.
Throw away, to, kwá-nus.
Thunder, áts-a-kwutl.
Tide, high, tung;
low, sung-ōt-sen.
Tie, to, ké-a-kut.
Toad fish (cottus), s'chem-ūk'h.
Tobacco, smá-nash.
To-day, te-a-skwá-tchi, ai-é-nuk.
Toes, kl-tá-s'n.
Together, two, chá-sa.
To-morrow, kwá-tchi.
To-night, as-nat´.
Tongue, tikh´hw'lts.
Towards shore, chái-yukw.
Trail or road, so'tl.
Tree, ski-kai-ái-yu.
Trencher or wooden dish, klo-tá.
Trout, k'hu-má-mun.
Trowsers, no-sun´ten.
True, as-klá-wtl.
Two, chis´sa, chá-sa, n'sháit-hu.
[Pg 19]
Under, ki-tchá-wtl.
Understand, do you? hut-chit´ūts-hu.
Up, té-yit.
Upset, kwái-kwi.
Walk, to, shtung.
Want, to, nūs-klé.
Warm, kla-té-kun.
Warrior, ns'cháng-kun.
Wash the face, to, nūt-sá-ko-sen;
wash the clothes, to, tsa-kwéng-utl.
Water, ko.
Waterfall, tsét-sil-stó-a-wi.
Waves, n'kái-nukh, s'chó-ilts.
We, kl-ning´utl.
Weir, for fish, sw'klátl.
Whale, ch'whé-yu.
What? stang;
what do you want? stang chins-klé;
what are you doing? stang chin-chái;
what is your name? stang chins-ná;
what is that? stang ta-sái-ya.
Where? ta-hén;
where do you come from? cha-hén-tin stá-chi;
where do you go? twénts-hu.
Whistle, to, nūs-kwi-ó-sung.
White, puk'h.
White men, hwa-né-tum.
Who? tsan;
who is that? tsan ta-sái-ya.
Wind, s't'chūng;
North wind, kais-hwu;
South wind, skangt, skang´ut.
Wife, my, n-slá-a-ni.
Wings, skl-kái-ai.
Winter, klá-chi.
Within, inside, es-ché-yu.
Wolf, stá-ching.
Woman, sla-ni.
Wood, dead, kwut-lái.
Work or do, to, chai;
I work, ats chái or cháit-sen;
thou workest, nuk'w chái or chái-uts-hu;
he works, kw'sá chai;
we work, nung'l tsá-chái;
ye work, nuk'w't-sa ái-a-chái;
they work, tsâ-tsa chi´chai.
Worthless, tl-whí-os.
Wrist, s'hōts-kwats.
Write, s'hé-ikh.
Yawn, to, wé-uks.
Ye, kl-nukw´;
all ye, nukw´ hun´na.
Yellow, an-nu-kwái-kwai.
Yes, a-áh.
Yesterday, chí-ak-kl.
Young man, swé-wus.
Your, n'skwa;
your house, n'skwa n'ái-yung.
[Pg 20]
LOCAL NOMENCLATURE OF THE CLALLAM TRIBE.
S'ng-o. A river running into the Strait of Fuca, above Neah Bay.
Ok-ho. Another river near the last.
Klat-lá-was. A village on the Strait.
Pisht'st. Village at Canel River, Pillar Point.
Kwa-há-mish. Fishing Station at Lyre River.
El-wha. The village at the mouth of the Elkwa, west of Port Angeles.
Tsi-whit´zen, Yin´nis. Villages at Port Angeles.
Stét-lum. Village at New Dungeness.
Shkwin. Village at Sequim Bay.
Ká-kaitl or Skwá-kwel. Village at Port Discovery.
Ká-tai. Lower village on Port Townshend.
Chem´a-kum. Village site at head of do.
[Pg 21]
VOCABULARY OF THE LUMMI.
Above, se-suk´tl.
Adze, s'chum´mun.
Afraid, sái-sin.
After, il-kwâ-wus.
Alder, skwang-l'tch.
Alive, hal-ikh, hal-lé.
All, makw, mokw.
Always, wai, wa-hái, o-wái-la;
always so, wa-hái-yu shung angs.
Angry, kwin-tun.
Arm, ta´lo;
my arm, n´ta´lo;
right arm, si-la-me´ūs;
left arm, suk-kwe´ūs.
Arrow, yitcht.
Ashes, kwái-chp.
At, to be at, la-si or lak-si;
he is at Lummi, la-si la Nūkh-lum´mi.
See also "live," "be."
Axe, ku´kum. (kum-mut, to chop.)
Back, the, stas-kwitl.
Bad, h'as, s'has.
Bag or sack, chu-kwal´.
Bail a boat, to, chi-kwást;
(in Simiamoo), kwul´lut.
Bald, ko´a-lekw.
Bark, of the fir, chul´li;
of the cedar, sl-kwum´.
Basket, potato basket, kl-pak;
load basket, s'pi-cha;
small basket, pep-chalkh.
Beads, large blue kind, shkwe´-kwun;
small white do., tsuts-hut;
small green beads, tchi-kwul-lekh´.
Be, to, See "at," "live."
It is in the house, lâk-si á-lung.
Bear, black, schut´hun;
grizzly, kwe´chin.
Beard, kwin´s'n;
moustache, kwinks.
Beaver, skul-láu.
Before (in point of time), kwul-hés-lut-sin.
Belly, kwul´la, klas.
Below, klakhl.
Bird, water fowl, mo´ōk;
small birds, tséts-at-sum.
[Pg 22]
Birds:
Eagles, golden eagle, kwul´-lung-sen;
bald eagle, yukh-wul-la.
Hawks, pa-áls, tsekhw-tsukhw, tul-kwe´mitl, tsi-ha-litsh;
sparrow hawk, sus-so-wak-chil-la.
Owls, great horned owl, che´-tung-hu;
small owl, kwai-el-hu.
Woodpeckers, logcock, skwul-lut´tun;
flicker (P. Mexic.) tse´a-k't;
small woodpeckers, tsut-tung.
Swift (Cypselus), kuk-sátch.
Kingfisher, sus-she´la.
Robins (T. Naevius), kwus-kuk'h;
(T. Migrat.), tsel-tcha.
Warblers, hu-hwul-lush.
Chickadee (Parus), ts-ka-yis.
Finches (generic), tch-kwa´kwa;
ground robin, tul-tulk-si-nun;
snow finch, tchi-sa-wutsh.
Wren, te´ti-tum.
Raven, sku-takh.
Fish Crow, sku-kwa´ta.
Blue Jay, chi-ya.
Magpie, s'hun´nun.
Pigeon, hum-ókh.
Ruffed Grouse, skwuts, skwuts´ha.
Dusky Grouse, ng'e´et.
Sand-hill Crane, slem.
Plover, chit-hun-natsh´.
Oyster Catcher (hematopus), swó-kuk.
Yellow-shank Snipe, skuk-ka´-ye.
Beach Birds, small snipe (?generic), pel-latsh, skeks.
Curlew, muk-muk-kwa.
Swan, ho´ha-han.
Snow Goose, kla-wukh-han, kla-hwa´han.
Canada Goose, ákh-ha.
Brant (Bernicla), hul-hul´tsh, hul-hul´cha.
Mallard (a. Boschas), ti-nuk-sen.
Teal (Nettion), hus-natch, chil-si´set.
Shoveller (Spatula), klel-luk-tuk-sen.
Gadwal (Chaulelasmus), shes´-sun-na.
Sea Ducks (generic), kwal´-hu.
Golden eye (Clangula), hul-hul-lul´o-witl.
Canvass back (Aythya), hókh-ko-nitsh.
Spirit Duck (Albeola), hekh-kun-né, k'k-hun´na.
Merganser (Mergus Am.), kwa-ōkw;
(Mergus Serrator), skum-matsh.
Cormorant, mas-sitch.
Gulls, large kinds, kwun-né;
small kinds, skókh-kwa.
Loons (Colymbus), swa´kwun, hwekhw-kwus.
Grebes (Podiceps), skūl-kuls´, hwa´nitsh, hwut-tis.
Guillemot (Uria), sko-kwa-kwuts, ko-kōkh-kuts.
Birds, parts of:
Beak, nuk´sunsh (v. nose).
Wing, ki-ka´al, sk-ká-al.
Feathers, stli-pal-kan, stakw.
[Pg 23]
Quills, stli-kal.
Down, skái-us.
Tail, klap-ái-sin-itsh.
Gall, mus-suns.
Entrails, uk-khes.
Gizzard, s'he´a-kwuns.
Liver, t'a-kas.
Heart, tsa-li.
Bite, to, tsing-ut-tung.
Black, nuk-kikh.
Blanket, feather blanket (a native manufacture), stum-mo-whitl;
woollen do., swâ-kwatl;
white blanket, pe-kál-kwut;
figured do., nut-sa´lo-wut;
red do., nu-kwim;
green do., nuk-chal-kwut;
blue do., chi-al-kut;
large dark blue do., chil-tál-kwut.
Blaze, to, hu-tâ-ku.
Blind, kla-litsh.
Blood, sas-tchin.
Blow with the breath, to, pa´-hwt;
blow the nose, to, nuk-lung-sin´na.
Blue, chi-á-lis;
pale, ni-hwékw.
Board, planks, sél-to.
Boil, to, kwul-lus´.
Bone, sōm, s'ham.
Bore, to, as with a gimlet, sluk´-wut, nuk-sluk´wut.
Bosom (female), skum´ma.
Bow, tsá-cha-sen.
Bowsman, of canoe, he´u.
Box or chest, kla-yuks.
Boy, s'ch-chi-álkh, schi´atl, stet-látkl.
Bracelets, of brass wire, tsa-met-chin.
Bread, baked, tau´ukh.
Break, to, (broken), ti-kwut-tung.
Breast (chest), tsung´utl.
Bring, to, an-ákh-hu.
Broad, nukh-hwái-uk-w'tl.
Brother, elder, shi-itlkh;
younger, sái-tchin, ni-whâ-ka.
Burn, I, chukw´ sin;
it is burning, ch'yukw.
Bury, to, (to cache), as-chá-nutl.
Buy, to, (to trade or barter), hwái-um;
I want to buy, nus-whái-yum, nus-klé-a-kung sul-kul´la (nus-klé, I wish).
Bye and Bye, o-was-hés.
Canoe (generic), skwâlkh;
Chinook and Makah pattern, ut-hus, ōt-hus;
small do., kuk-ho´utl;
large Kawitchen canoe, shwâ-atl;
small fishing canoe, sno´wh'tl;
shovel-nosed or burden canoe, klai.
Carry, to, sung-at´;
to carry on the back, sung-áng;
on the shoulder, ang-ut-tun;
in the hand, wi-kwo-nat´.
Cedar, (Thuja), h'pai.
Certainly, of course, ho´wus.
Chalk (properly a white diatomaceous earth used for cleaning skins), stau´okw.
Chief, si-ám.
Chisel, of stone, sh-we´ukh.
Chop wood, to, kum´mut.
Clear sky, shu-ewk'h-hu.
Clear off, to, (of the weather), s'ai-yut-tung;
it is clearing off, ta-chil shu-auk-hu (clear it comes).
[Pg 24]
Cloth, calico, as-hálkh (i.e. "figured");
domestics, puk'h; (white);
baize, tsats´a-whun;
flannel, tsul´whum.
Clouds, spa´hu;
it is clouding over, ta´chil nukh-no´-wus.
Coals of fire, chtist.
Coal, stone coal, pe´chit.
Coat, snu-éks.
Colors:
White, puk´h.
Black, nuk-kikh.
Red, n'suk'h, n'sukw.
Blue, chi-á-lis;
pale do., ni-hwekw.
Yellow, n's-kwul-la-wun, nuk-wái.
Green, ni-tlut'h, nuk-wái.
Come, to, n'a, e-ná;
I come from Simiamoo, si-tu-sin Si-mi-a-mu;
come with me, nuk-wá-shin-nus;
come into the house, an-á-la we-lung, or an-ush-ta no é-lung (a-lung, a house);
come near (imp.), n'at´la.
Cook, to cook on hot stones, k'k'pak.
Cooked, it is cooked ("done""), kwul.
Copulate, to, sun-nókh.
Cough, to, ta´kwun.
Cradle, pat´suts.
Crustaceans:
Crab, bes-kwu, a-chukh.
Spider Crab, ku-kwátl-shin.
Stone Crab, ku-kwin-nó-wa.
Cry, I, ho-ang´sun.
Cover, to, kle-hwés-tung.
Cup, mem´tuk'h.
Cut with a knife, to, shipt.
Dance, to, koi-el´lish, kwi-é-lish.
Dark, klatch.
Daughter, ng-un´na.
Day, skwá-chil.
Dead, kwái-i, ko-áikh.
Deep, klutsh.
Deer, smis, smé-is, hōpt;
a buck, ses´tun ("horned");
in Kawitchen, hau-pa;
amongst the forest or "Stick" Indians, klalk-ten-na.
Dig, to, roots in general, pa-nukhw´, pan-hu;
potatoes, si-a-kwáls;
fern roots, tlai-ukw;
clams, kukh-hul´la.
Dirty, tung-hwas´.
Dishes, nu-wh'tsh-kwé-la.
Dog, sko-mái, ská-ha.
Don't, kwe-ét.
Door, also road, satl.
Dream, to, kul-kul-la´sin.
Dress a skin, to, e´ukh.
Drink, to, kâ-ko, nus-kâkh;
I drink, kwa´kwa-sun.
Drum, to, as in conjuring or at dances, kau-a´tung.
Drunk, foolish, as-hwákw, as-hwákw-tun.
Dry, sel´-up.
Duck, spl-hantl;
mallard, ti-nuk-sen;
(vide "birds.")
Dull, as a tool, kul-lás.
[Pg 25]
Ear, kwul´lun.
Ear rings, sklau-un.
Earth, the, land, s'che-tung´a-whun, s'che-tung-a-hung;
earth, dirt, sé-yuk.
Eat, to, it´lun, it´l'nkh;
I eat, nit-sít-lin, it-lun-sun.
Echo, san-gun.
Egg, sn'lng-ánt, kwun-kwun-né.
Eight, tas, tus-sa-la, tus-salt-hu.
Elbow, or knee-joint, kl-yut-sé-tun.
Elk, kwáu-watsh, ky-yétsh, kai-yéts.
End, the end of anything, sa-ans.
Evening, t'tang´en.
Every1 thing2, mukw1 stang2.
Exchange, to, i-yakt´.
Eye, kul´lung.
Eyebrow, sung´un;
one-eyed, as-takws.
Face, sas.
Far, chakw, chōkw.
Fart, tuk-snitch. It is the common expression of disgust at anything, or any one.
Fat, adj., tlet-luk.
Father, man.
Feathers, stá-kw, sl'pal´kan.
Female, slá-ne.
Fetch, to, an-ákhw.
File, a, cluk-hun;
to file, chuk-kás.
Find, to, kwun´nung.
Fingers, chi-hals´.
Finger rings, hi-a´lum-chis.
Fir tree, chul-li-íltsh, chul-chils´;
fir bark, chul-li.
Fire, chuk-hós;
bring fire, kwun-tatsh.
First, il-cha-la.
Fish, etc.:
Cod, ait.
Flounder, o´we.
Herring, slang-ut.
Calorhynchus, skwâ-ma.
Large cottus, skun-nákhw.
Skate, kákh-kōkh.
Oulakan (thaleïchthys), ti-a-ko-wa.
Pencil fish, a small fish that comes in schools, katl.
Salmon, vide infra.
Fish, parts of:
Scales, slés.
Fins, ká-ting-us.
Tail, s'hup-shin.
Roe, he-a-hetl;
herring roe, ché-mash.
Fish weir, large, s'chi-yak;
small do., ti-káp.
Five, kl-kats, kl-katch-sa-la, kutch-salt-hu.
Flea, tát-a-tlum.
Flesh, meat, slé-ukw.
Fly, a, i-kwul´lung, kwil-lung.
Fog, spi-á-hwun.
Food, set-lun, sa-wun.
Foolish, as-hwakw.
Foot, s'hun´na.
Foot-print, hun-nuug´en.
Forehead, skwang´us.
Formerly, kwut-li sil-la.
Four, ng´oss, ni-sá-la, salt-hu.
[Pg 26]
Friend, klé-nuk-wil;
my friend, n's-klé; (literally, I like him.)
Full, hēts.
Fundament, kla-wákh.
Game (beaver teeth dice), smi´-la-li.
Get, to, kwun´nut;
I want1 to get2 pantaloons3, nus-klé-uk1 kwun-nut2 suk-ké-us3;
get something to eat, fetch1 food2, imp., kwun-nas-sung1 s'it-lun2;
get into the canoe, la-ti kwut-la-tsi ti shwá-atl; ái-ba kun slang´ut; (la-tsi seems to be "at" or "into;" vide "at" and "live;")
get fire wood, to, tuk-kutsh´.
Girl, st-hlá-ni, sln-chá-atl.
Give, to, (to give as a present), ung-us;
(in the sense of "to help or to hand to,") klatch;
give it me, an-ákhw, (i.e. bring it.)
Gloves, ts'-kwá-lit-cha, no-sé-sin.
Gnat, chetsks.
Go, to, h'ya;
I go, kwul-h'ya´-sun, yas-sin-sa;
I am going to Lummi, yá-sin-kin Nūkh-lum-mi;
presently I will go, wi-a-sin-sa;
let us go, is-tá;
go you, imp., ho-ni-chitl'h;
go out, imp., ské-lung, ho-nes-ké-lung (a-lung, house);
go there, a little further off, yi-hé-wul-tul-lá.
Good, aikh.
Grave, serious, ōkw-hum´.
Grass, s'hus-sái.
Great, hai-yikh´, ke-yikh´.
Green, ni-tlut´h, nuk-wai.
Grey haired, suts-um-mékhw.
Gum, resin, light wood, smá-nitsh.
Gun, north west musket, pú-yuk (pu, the sound of a gun);
regulation musket, yum-k'sn;
rifle, hai-choi-i-kutl;
double-barrelled gun, nu-chus´a-kun (chussa, two);
pistol, chi-chai-etl pú-yuk (s'chi-chai-an, an infant);
revolver, nun-huk-un-uk-un;
to load a gun, h'nu-wul-lus´sun;
to ram down the load, sé-a-kun;
to fire a gun, kwul-shul´la,
(Simiahmoo) klum-kwul´la.
Gunpowder, kwalkh;
flints or caps, kwul-lan.
Hail, klum-whái-la.
Hair, si-at´tun.
Half, kl-chukh´.
Hammer, to, h'kwus´chis;
hammer, a, s'kwus´chis.
Hand, sa´lus.
Handle, kult-shé-nun.
He, nekhl, nitlkh.
Head, s-kwáng-i, skwâng-i.
Hear, to, chis´a-lan.
Heart, st-sá-la, tsá-la.
In the sense of the mind, h'ching-ing.
Heavy, hum.
Here, ti-á-kwu.
High, ses'l.
Hone, or whetstone, shu-táks.
[Pg 27]
House, á-lung;
the posts that support the roof, ká-kan;
the ridge pole, s'klum-smelt-hu;
side plates, ha´met-sin.
How, how shall I do it? swun-né-ung-set ti-á?
Hunchbacked, sko-mé-sin.
Hundred, nat´so-itch, nat´so-wutsh.
Hungry, kwá-kwi.
Hunter, tsum-á-mun-sa;
seal hunter, nus-lám-ukh.
Hunting bag, shit-tá-la.
Husband, n'stá-lush.
I, us.
Ice, s'lel-lokh, sé-ma.
In, into, nu-as;
put in, imp., nu-as´ ats-ches´suk;
to be at or in, lak-si; vide "live;"
it is in the house, lâk-si á-lung.
Indians, people, atl-tá-ling-hu.
Infant, s'chi-chái-an, kuk-ké, n's-chái-in.
Iron, kum-tum´.
Island, kl-chas, s'kwus-sá, sk'-sas.
Kick, to, lum-mat´.
Kill, to, k'châ-tukh, ku-chel´la.
Kiss, to, nukh-wh'm-kwóst.
Knife, shpál-tin;
do. with one edge, il-kákh-han;
two-edged, wat-cha-han.
Kettle, iron, sklá-lup;
wooden, sko´ten.
Know, to, Do you know Ské-ukl? (a man of that name?) hut-ché-tus-hu Ské-ukl?
Lake, s'weltsh.
Lance, st-kwái-itch.
Large, mokw.
Laugh, I, nun-nái-yung-sen.
Lazy, sa´hung, sakhw;
I am lazy, sa´whung-sin.
Leaf, s'chá-sun.
Leap, to, hwé-tung.
Leg, slá-hutsh, ská-kun;
calf of leg, kátl-sun.
Lend, to, a-yil.
Liar, kai-yá-kan.
Lie, I, hukh-kái-ya-kun.
Light, adj., stá-tu.
Lightning, cha-á-kwa-chuk, cha-kuts-o-kikh.
Like, shun-ángs.
Listen, imp., ni-hwú-i-yan.
Live at, to, laksi; (this word appears to be the equivalent of the Nisqually at-suts, and to be really an adverb signifying "presence" or "existence");
I live there, lak-si tel-lá.
Long, in dimension, kla-kut.
Look out! kwá-la.
Looking glass, skwo-ná-sung, sku-ko-ná-sung, hu-ku-ná-sing;
the image or reflection in the glass, kukh'-kutl.
[Pg 28]
Lose, to, ek-kwa.
Louse, nus´sun.
Love, to, nūs-tlé, nis-klé.
Magic, conjuring, ch'si-ó-wun;
for medicine, shi-nám.
Make, to, chai;
what are you making? stang n's chai?
I am making a canoe, chai its sno´hwutl;
make fire, imp., chuk-kós.
Mammals:
Horse, stuk-ké-u.
Elk, kwá-watsh, kai-yéts.
buck, sist-un, i.e. "horned."
Deer, smé-yis.
buck, sist-un.
fawn, stul-la.
Bear, black, spas.
grizzly, kwái-et-chin.
Big horn (ovis montana), kwe-kwut-chen.
Mountain goat (aploceras), swét-le, pi-kulkh-kan.
Racoon, blōps.
Dog, skó-mai.
Wolf, st'kái-ya.
Cougar, shwo´wa.
Lynx, skuts-a´mus.
Beaver, skul-lá-u.
Sea otter, tum´mus.
Land otter, s'katl.
Seal, áss´hu.
Mink, kai-yakh, s'ché-a-kun.
Weasel, kul-ké-la.
Skunk, sup-puk.
Squirrel (sciurus), tsip-si-á-sun.
Striped squirrel (tamias), hwé-pe-chin.
Kamass rat (neotoma), ná-wit.
Mouse, kwa´tun.
Mole, spi-lá-wun.
Hare, ské-ka-was.
Mammals, parts of:
Neck, tatsh-suns.
Atlas joint, kuk-kak-w'chis.
Ribs, luk-h'ws.
Marrow of legs, tuts-ush´shins.
Brain, smet-kus.
Gristle of vertebræ, kwa-á-lus.
Liver, stuk´chung.
Lights, spul´hu.
Paunch, spukh.
Wind-pipe, hwang-un.
Tail, klo´wak-us.
Skin, kwul-los.
A dressed skin, hul-la-kan.
Hair, s'chais.
Hoofs, kwâ-nungs.
Kidneys, sun-suns.
Sinews of legs, kli-é-mins.
Sinews of back, tung-é-sens.
Horns, tses´tun.
Heart, tsá-la.
Os calcis, kát-lin-suns.
Thighs, kat-chat-chs.
Saddle or hind quarters, as-satch-chatsh (chus-sa, two).
Leg, sku-shum-shins.
Lower joint of do., s'hun-nus.
Fore quarter, ta-los.
Both do., skul´la-hans.
Fat, nas.
Meat, slé-uk.
Man, swé-yi-ka.
Many, n'gann, n'gun;
many people, n'gunhl-tá-ling-hu;
[Pg 29]
I have many people, n'gan al-ta-ling-hu ti-us.
Mat, sla´wun;
the large mat used for making temporary lodges, sá-letch;
cedar bark mat, tsum´mut, lo´kwai.
Mend, to, chuts-ul-kwut´tun.
Merry, nuks-né-ni.
Middle (of length), á-no-wuls.
Mistake, to, either in speech or on the road, mal-min.
Molluscs, Radiates, etc.:
Small round clam (Venus), skut-hlai;
quahog (Saxidomus), sákh-hwa;
large clam (Lutraria), swam.
Cockle (cardium), sk´lam.
Mussel (Mytilus), klâ-kum.
Oyster, klokh-klokh.
Whelk, suk-kwái-yukh.
Barnacle, sum-mai-ya.
Chiton, hul´lung.
Land snail (helix), wuk-kuk'h.
Slug (limax), kai-yat´lin.
Sea egg (Echinus), skwét-si.
Sea slug (holothuria), sekt.
Star fish, kwul-lá-chi, kul-la-sis.
Cuttle fish, ské-mūk.
Shells, ká-ya-men.
Moon, kl-káltsh.
Morning, skwá-chi.
Mosquito, kwá-an.
Mother, tān.
Mountain (same as rock), sng-ánt.
Mouth, sá-sun.
Move farther, yi-hé-wul tul-lá;
go there, tuk´whist.
Much, n'gun;
much food, n'gun sét-lun.
Mythology:
Ha-áls, the principal super natural being, equivalent to Hun-né of the Nisquallies, No-kw-makhl of the Clallams and Skagits, and Iká-ni of the Chinooks.
S'hui-áb, or S'hui-ám, the pre-human demon race.
Yūtl-ma, or Shwâ-mat-wun, the spirit that presides over good fortune.
Ch'si´o-wun, a particular gift or capacity acquired by fasting, etc., or by incantation, similar to the Chinook tamánowas.
Shi-nám, magic or medicine.
Nails, t'sâls, chi-sá-lis.
Naked, klut-sang.
Name, s'na;
my name, us-na. Vide "who."
Navel, muk´h-hwoi-ye.
Near, kl-ké-a-ke, tut-lé-kai, sti-talst´.
Needle, chat´sun.
Net, for catching ducks, etc., tuk´hum;
seine, aukh-whói-yen.
New, háu-wus.
Night, snat.
Nine, tuk'hw, tuk-wha-la, tuk-whalt-hu.
No, a-wá, a-wukh´, ókh-wa.
None, there is none, a-wun´na;
are you not ashamed? a-wun-na s'hét-sil? (literally "no shame?")
[Pg 30]Nose, nuk´sun.
Nostrils, skwá-luk-sen.
Now, ti-a, ti-an´k'h.
Numerals:
Simple Cardinals—
1, nut´sa.
2, chus´sa.
3, klikhw.
4, ng-oss´.
5, kl-kats´.
6, t'hunkh.
7, tsákws.
8, tats.
9, tuk'hw.
10, o´pun.
11, ó-pun it nut´sa.
12, ó-pun it chus´sa.
20, tsuk-kus, tsuk-wus.
30, kl-whl-shá.
40, nusl-shá.
50, kuts'hl-shá.
60, tukh-hum-shá.
70, skwl-shá.
80, tusl-shá.
90, to-wol-shá.
100, nat-sa-wutsh.
1000, o-pantsh.
Personal Cardinals—
1, nat´sa.
2, chá-sa.
3, kl-whái-la.
4, ni-sa-la.
5, hl'-katch-sa´la.
6, tukh-hung-a-la.
7, tsuk-sa-la.
8, tus-sa-la.
9, tuk-hwa-la.
10, o-pun-a-la.
20, nt-su-ku-sa-la.
Cardinals of Valuation—
1, tsak´wut-hu.
2, tch's-salt-hu.
3, kl-whalt-hu.
4, salt-hu.
5, kutch-salt-hu.
6, tukh-hung-alt-hu.
7, suk-salt-hu.
8, tus-salt-hu.
9, tuk-whalt-hu.
10, o-pun-alt-hu.
20, tsū-kw-salt-hu.
Oak, s'chung-altsh.
Off shore, tâl.
Old, tsa-kung, snuk-kái;
an old man, as-á-lokh, as-mes´sun.
One, nut-sa, nat´sa, tsak´wut-hu.
Out doors, sét-lung (a´lung, a house).
Paddle, to, ist.
Pan, or plate, la-sun.
Pantaloons, suk-ké-us.
Penis, shel-lá.
People, i.e. Indians, atl-tá-ling-hu;
people inhabiting the woods, "Stick Indians," mas-hwi (whence the name of a tribe on Fraser River, generally known as Maskwies);
people living on the salt water, s'chit-lals´ha (klals, the sea);
[Pg 31]
River Indians, chis-tá-lo, stul-tá-lo (stá-lo, a river);
white men, hwa-ni´tum.
Perhaps, yukh-whá.
Pigeon, h'mo, hum-o'h.
Pin, a, hum-mén;
large blanket pin, kwun-né-sing.
Pipe, pakw.
Plane, to (boards), shé-shub; (probably by onomatopœia).
Plants, etc.: (See also Trees.)
Salmon berry, al-é-la.
Barberry, skwâ-cha-sitsh.
Red raspberry, tuk´wum.
Gooseberry, kum-kwéltsh.
Dewberry, skul-nu-whélsh
Rose bush, kul-kél.
Berries of do., kul-luk.
Snowberry bush, pat-saltsh.
Berries of do., p'pi-kái-yas.
Honeysuckle, kat-kat-éltsh, saltsh; (the leaves are chewed as a medicine.)
Spiræa, kads-sulch.
Wild pea, hum-kwai-á-sin.
Wild rye, pshai.
Yarrow (Achillia multifolia), pul-lé-a-kwutsh; (it is used to expedite delivery.)
Prickly pear (cactus), tsa-ta.
Thorns, chit-tum-mas.
Equisetum, makhw, á-is-kud.
Root of do., ko-ma-lokh.
Cat-tail rush, sá-kun.
Tule or round rush, skwul-lul.
Wild onion, swél-nitsh.
Brake fern, suk-ka-an´.
Roots of do. (eaten), skwi´yu.
Small brake, tsuk´kwa.
Wood fern, s'ha-lum.
Liquorice fern (an expectorant), klus-síp.
Lichens, kut-che.
Spanish moss, stul-hái-is.
Liverworts, mukh´tul-lus;
a species of moss with a peppery taste, used in medicine, kat-si.
Sea weeds, chil-lum.
Kelp (fucus gigantia), kwá-ang.
Plant, to, chin-eng-utl.
Plenty, n'gun.
Point of anything, i-suk´sin.
Poor, wretched, sul-lá-wa.
Porcupine quills, tsuts-ul-kan.
Porpoise, kwá-nat.
Posts for supporting the roof of a house, ka-kan.
Pound, to (as seeds, grain), kli-a-kwéng-utl.
Prairie, spelkh´han.
Pregnant, ska-kwi.
Presently, hwa-sing-ang´a;
in a little while, h'wes´ta-ál, hu-as-ta-al´.
Pronouns:
I, us;
suffixed to a verb (copulative), sun.
My, ti-us;
prefixed to noun (possessive), n's, nūs.
Thou, nukw.
Thy, ti-nuk-wa.
Thyself, tin-tsi-la.
He (that one), nel, nitlh.
We, minglkt, kl-ming´ulkh.
Ye, nuk-kwé-li-e.
They, nan-etl-ya, kw-si-a-hal-tun.
My canoe, nus-kwá n'shwâ-atl.
Thy knife, suns-kwân's-pal-tun.
[Pg 32]His gun, tsa-ka po-yuk.
Our country, tsá-kwun tung´-hu.
Your house, tsung a´nung ha-la.
Their father, k'san man.
Pull the hair, to, heng-ukw-tun.
Put on, to, pantaloons, huk-éw-sing;
a coat, hut-ché-tung.
Put into, to, imp., nu-ás ats-ches-suk.
Put down, to, sa-kws.
Rain, slum´mōkh.
Raise up, to, sa-at.
Rake, for taking herring and other small fish, tlet´ha-men.
Rapid, in a river, kwet´chum.
Raw, hets.
Red, n'suk'h, n'sukw.
Relationships:
Father, man.
Mother, tan.
Husband, my, n'stá-lush.
Wife, idem.
Son or daughter, ng'un´na.
Brother, if older than the speaker, shí-itlh;
if younger, sái-tchin.
Elder sister, á-lish;
younger do., sái-tchin.
Grandfather, cha-mok.
Grandmother, sé-la.
Uncle, latl, hai'tch; (as the nephew grows older, the uncle becomes an elder brother.)
Aunt, shé-ilsh.
Father-in-law, slatl.
Mother-in-law, idem.
Brother-in-law, idem (?).
Sister-in-law, s'ng-at´hwun.
Sister's husband, idem.
Step father, n's-gna-un.
Step mother, idem.
Daughter-in-law, skwá-lo-wis.
Husband's other wives, sái-ya.
River, stá-lo;
small stream, stá-ta-lo.
Road, satl.
Roast, to, in ashes, tul-lák;
on a stick, s'kwul´lung.
Rock, sng-ánt.
Rope, hwé-lum.
Run, to, kwâ-nung-ut, kwá-nung-it.
Sad, hatl-tin, hutch-ing´én.
Sail, make sail, imp., chai-a-kwun pa-kwun;
take in sail, imp., klung-as.
Salamander, pét-h'yil.
Salmon, generic, s'chan-hu.—
Various species:
kutch´kus Salmo scoulerí, Richardson;
hun-nun, the hump-backed salmon (S. Proteus);
suk-ké (not ascertained);
yó-mutsh, S. quinnat, Rich.;
kwal-hu, S. canis, Suckley (this name, it will be noticed, is also applied to sea ducks);
ké-ukh, S. truncatus?
kwul-yauk, salmon when exhausted by spawning;
tughs, salmon trout (S. Campbelli, Suckley);
[Pg 33]
su-kwái, brook trout (S. stellatus, Grd.);
hu-má-ni, salmon fry. (This last word suggests the Spokane word for the brook trout, hu-má-na.)
Salt, klat´lun.
Sand beach, s'het (Lummi), si-et´sum (Kwantlen).
Sand spit, na-wa-létsh.
Scoop, for bailing a canoe, tsang´tun.
Scrape, to, ekht.
Scratch, a, si-héks.
Scratch, to, hut-ché-tung;
I scratch, hi-kék-sun.
Sea, klals, kt'hlals.
Seasons:
Spring, tchin-kwé-lis, tchin-kwai-lus.
Summer, kwá-lus (kwá-lis, warm) tchin-é-yi.
Autumn, chits-at-lin, tsa-whéngst.
Winter, chints-é-hum, chin-sá-tutsh, sá-titsh.
See, to, lang-ut, lang-it.
Sell, to, hwi-ma´la.
Seven, tsâkws, tsuk-sa-la, suk-salt-hu.
Sew, to, chets.
Shake hands, to, kwun-sest´.
Shallow, shái-shum.
Sharp, ái-yas.
Sharpen, to, to whet on a stone, t'kas.
Shawl, sut-sá-mush.
Shirt, kuts-á-lis;
"hickory" shirt, hutl-pé-wun.
Shoes, moccasins, s'kluk´a-shin.
Shoot, to, with a bow, ts-man.
Shot, hus-um-ákw.
Sick, s'hatl.
Sick, I am, s'hal'sun.
Sing, to, t'e-lum, te´lim.
Sister, elder, á-lish;
younger, sái-tchin.
Sit, to, um-mut, um-mit, tsum-má-no.
Six, t'hunkh, tukh-hung-a-la, tukh-hung-alt-hu.
Skin, dressed, hul-kun;
un-dressed, kwul´lo.
Sky, sé-ishl, skwái-yil.
Sleep, to, ét-t-t, é-tut-tut, i-tit.
Sleepy, a-tá-tung.
Slowly, o-s'n-ang'h.
Small, mi-mé-min.
Smell, a, hakw.
Smell, to, huk-kwul´la, huk-kwá-li.
Smoke, to, a pipe, sma-nis-tin (smá-nush, tobacco);
as a fire, spát-lung.
Snake, s'alkh´ka.
Sneeze, to, ha-sing.
Snore, to, hwá-na-kung.
Snow, ná-ka.
Son, ng-uu´na.
Soul, the, sul-lé.
Sour, sá-han.
Sow, to, grain, &c., chái-its (chai, to work).
Speak, to, kwal.
Spear, to, water fowl, t'kwa´-num;
seals, sái-yum-mun;
fish, t's-hung´un.
Split wood, to, skut.
Stab, to, met-át-ung-kwa;
Simiamoo, ti-chet´ung-kwa.
Stand, to, sít-lun.
Star, kó-s'n, kâ-s'n.
Stay, I will stay, a-wus-sin.
[Pg 34]Steal, I stole, as-kwa-kan´;
you stole, nuk´wa kwa-kan´;
he stole, nikhl-kwa-kan´.
Steer, to, chun-na-set; chuk-ke-nung.
Steersman, of canoe, as-kwá-at.
Stockade, fence, kul-lukh´han.
Stone, chet-hlákh;
rock, sng-ánt.
Stop, I will stop here, o-at´la-sun (perhaps "I have arrived");
stop, imp., i.e. stop doing any thing, un-nukhw kwá-tun s'chai;
stop (when one is helped sufficiently to food), hái;
stop (talking), sum-mukh.
Strike, to, with the fist, nut-sás-tung.
Striped, as-hé-utsh.
Strong, kâm-kum, kwum-kwum.
Sturgeon, skwá-wutsh.
Sun, sku-kul´.
Sweet, sak-kung (aikh, good).
Swim, to, tung-a-áng.
Take, to, kwun´nut (same as to get).
Take off, to, klá-lis, klut-sang´.
Tale, story, skwul´kwul.
Tall, kl'k-tákhl.
Teeth, chin´nis.
Ten, o´pun, o-pun-a-la, o-pun-alt-hu.
Testicles, má-tchin.
Thank you, hekh.
That, tul-lá, ta-lé;
that is Lucy's, la Lucy ti-lé.
There, ta-lá;
there it is, e-i-té-i-ti, át-la-ti.
They, nan-étl-ya, kw'si´a-hál-tun.
Thing, things, stang;
every thing, nukw-stang.
It is noticeable that in this language, as well as in the Nisqually, Chinook, and probably in others, the word for "thing" is the same as that for "what."
Thief, kán-kan.
This, ti´et-hla.
Thou, nukw;
thyself, tin-tsi´la;
you are a Kanaka yourself, Kanaka tin-tsi´la.
Thousand, o-pántsh.
Thread, twine, hwé-lum.
Three, klikhw, kl-whái-la, kl-whalt-hu.
Throat, haung´en.
Throw, to, as a stone, tsi-lakh;
to throw away, hwélt-hu.
(In the Simiamoo dialect, é-kwut; to throw away with violence, tim-mut.)
Thumb, sus-táls.
Thunder, s'hó-hwas.
Tides:
Flood tide, kum´mul.
Ebb tide, hi-klatl'h.
High tide, kum-kum´mul.
Low tide, sham´shum.
Tobacco, smá-nush.
Tobacco pouch, smá-na-shá-la.
To-day, ti-a-káis, ti-o-skwá-chil.
Toes, s'chus'sun, snó-hwl-shin.
To-morrow, kwá-chil, kwái-ikhl.
Tongue, té-whls.
[Pg 35]Trading house or store, shwui-mal (hwi-ma-la, to sell).
Trees, forest, s'ki-lá-lung-hu.
Trees, etc.:
Red pine (P. ponderosa), kwa-kwa-yé-la-hilp.
Dwarf pine (P. contorta), kwákhwl-ch.
Spruce fir (Abies Menzesii), chi-kwut´lp.
White fir (A. grandis), sko´-me-yuks.
Hemlock spruce (Abies —— ——), s'ke-éltch.
Yew, tlng-kálsh.
Cedar (Thuja), h'chá-chiltsh.
Red cedar (Juniperus), pits-in-ái-ilp.
Arbutus (A. Menzesii), kō-kwéltsh.
Trailing arbutus (A. uva-ursi), kwun-neltsh; the leaves of this vine are used for smoking.
Birch, kats-ul´tch.
Maple (A. macrophylla), kum´ an-ilp.
Vine maple (A. circinata), shé-chulp.
Alder, s'kwáng-ultsh.
Crab apple tree, kukh-whétsh.
Fruit of do., ka-ákhw.
Elder, tsé-wukh.
Willow, swul-létsh.
Trees, parts of:
Roots, ko´mel-lokh.
Fir cones, ta-má-ku-kuns.
Pitch or rosin, smá-nitsh.
Leaves, sats-tlá.
Fir bark, t'chul-le.
Cedar bark, shl-kōm.
Inner bark of do., skwekhw.
Willow bark (used for making seines), swá-lakh.
Rotten wood, pi-kwái.
Two, chus-sa, chá-sa, tch's-salt-hu.
Uncover, to, kut-lést.
Understand,—
I understand that, hut-che-tu ti-ats;
I don't understand, o-ná kwins-hu-chet;
Do you understand Clallam? hut-che-tut kwus-sa Nūs-klái-yūm?
Urinate, ché-wa. (This applies to either sex, there not being a distinction made, as in the Nisqually.)
Walk, to, s-tung, sh-tung.
Want, to, sklé;
I want, n's-klé;
I don't want, á-wa sins-kle.
Warm, kwass, kwá-lus.
Warrior, nus-chang-kun, mich-kul´lo-wutl.
Wash, to, (the hands), tsuk-sé-sumg;
(the face), tsuk-wá-sung;
(clothes), tsuk-ul-kwo´-tung;
I wash, sa-kwum´sun.
Water, kaukh.
Waves, skwut-la-lák-un.
We, ninglkh, kl-ning-ulkh.
Wet, kluk-sét, tsa-mung.
What, stang, stang-wut;
what is that? stang ti-á?
what are you doing? stang nis-chai?
[Pg 36]what food do you buy? stang kwa chats sa´wun?
what? (in answer to a call), stang?
what is the matter with you? es-tang hat-su?
what do you want? stang sins-kle ti-nuk-wa;
what is your name? (vide "who.")
Where, a-hén;
where is my gun? t'hén-ku ken po-yuk?
I don't know where, kwá-hen ish-tuk´ka;
where do you come from (whence you?) tsa-héns-hu, tsa-hénts-hu?
where are you going (whither you?) t'whéns-hu, twéntst-hu?
Whistle, to, sh-pi-lás.
White, puk'h.
Who, wat, wat;
who did that? wat´la kwuts-chái-a ti-a?
what (literally "who") is your name? wat-tun-má? wat kud sna?
Wife, n'stá-lush (same as husband).
Wind, st-châng.
Winds:
West, ste-wut.
W. N. W., tent-sa-luk.
N. W. and North, s'chá-yum.
S. S. E., skang-ut.
S. W., s'chis.
Wings, sk-kal.
Wipe, to, (the face), nu-hwa-chá-sung;
(the hands), chékw-sim.
Wolf, st-kái-ukh.
Woman, slá-ni.
Wood, s'chutl;
a log, kwt-hlái;
dry wood, sta-ta-chi.
Work (do, make), chái.
Worthless, kl-hul-o-ás.
Wrestle, to, tsal-tung.
Write, to, hul´lut.
Yawn, to, we´a-kus.
Ye, you, nuk-kwé-li-é.
Yellow, n's-kwul-la-wun, nuk-wai.
Yes, a-áh;
yes indeed, certainly, ho´wus, hu´us, si-ēt
Yesterday, chi-lak'hl.
Young, s'hwé-wils.
[Pg 37]
LOCAL NOMENCLATURE OF THE LUMMI TRIBE.
Chil-tun-num. Point Roberts.
No-ku-me´khil. A creek running into the bay.
Pi-kalps. The Indian village of Camp Simiamoo.
Sim-i-a´mu. The name of the band.
Kul-la´han. "Stockade," the site of the old village.
A´la-la. Creek at the head of Drayton harbor.
Se´litsh. The site on the sand spit of ditto. The name Tsi-he´lis has the same signification.
Kwūd-shad. Mount Baker.
Hōl-hōl-ok'h. Site between Drayton harbor and Birch bay.
Tsáu-wukh. Site on Birch bay.
Tut-si-nuts. Slái-ek-sen. Sandy point.
Cháu-uks. North end Lummi island.
St'kwap. A site on eastern side of do.
Ska´lek-shun. Fishing on west side of do.
Mam-e´uk or S'mum-mé-uk. The mountain on south end of do.
Klé-kwa-ni. A rock off S. W. end of ditto. It is a s'hui-yáb or demon.
To-whutsh. Eliza island.
Ku-kwa-né-ung. Viti rocks.
Chá-chu-sen. Part of the Delta of Lummi river.
Skul-há-netl, Sla-yuks. Mouths of the river on Hale's passage.
Tom-whik-sen. The winter village on the passage.
Ta´la-pi. Another neighboring site.
Swūl-é-sen or S'hūl-e-sen. The Portage.
[Pg 38]
N-ūs-ká-la-hum. The neck of Point Francis.
Sé-liss. Point Francis. (Vide Sé-litsh, supra.)
Klik-a-té-nus. The small prairie at the military station, Fort Bellingham.
Kwal-lu-hūm (Squallicum). The small creek above Whatcom.
What-com. The outlet of the lake. The name refers to the noise of its waters.
Si-hōm. The site of the Bellingham Bay Coal Mine.
Ma-mó-si. Pattle's claim.
Sis´lit-chum. Thomas's claim.
Tai-chá-mish. The cove at Cullum's claim.
Tchuk-a-nuts. The inner bight of Bellingham bay.
S'huts-kus. Point William, or Samish point.
As-é-a-kun. Samish village behind the island.
Pen-ūkh-hu. Vendovi island. The name is derived from that of a bulbous root growing there.
T'châ-kwil-la. N. W. point of Gueymes island.
T'kwâ-wa-tchin. N. E. side of do.
Kwil-shants. S. E. point of do.
Nūkh-whai-i-mikhl. Samish village S. W. side of do.
Tál-la-lokh, Nu-kwut-lá-al. Localities on Fidalgo island.
Muk-kuk'hs. N. E. point of do.
Skut-lus. Sinclair island.
Tut-sékh. Cypress island.
Tutl-ki-té-nus. Strawberry harbor on do.
Shé-ung-tl'h. The peak on the N. end of do. It is the nest of the thunder bird.
S'nūk-nokh-hw'tl. Site on western side of Blakely island.
Nūs-kwi-chen´num. James's island.
Chis-si-ná-a. Bird rocks off Decatur island.
Hut-tát-ch'l. Site of Indian village on S. E. end of Orcas island.
Ko-pé-tun. S. E. point of eastern bay in Orcas island.
Mūk-kwūl-nitch. Small lake and cascade emptying into the eastern bay.
I-ukh´kan. The cove at Mūk-kwūl-nitch.
Chin-chin-tsé-lūng. A rock on the eastern shore of the bay. It was another demon—a woman who committed adultery with every one. She was turned into stone by Ha-áls, but her spirit remains. She used to live at that place in summer, but went up the bay in the winter.
Nūkh-whái-yūm. Deadman's rock in the eastern bay. An old cemetery of the Lummi Indians.
[Pg 39]
Tsul-whé-sun. A site at the head of the bay.
Swá-lakh. Mount Constitution, on Orcas island. The name is also given to the eastern bay itself, or rather to the country upon it.
S'ko-ma-ang. A mountain on the peninsula between the eastern and middle bays. The name refers to a berry called t'kwa´ma, and means "like that berry."
A´la-la, "like a house," from a´lung, "a house." Another hill on Orcas island. The name also applies to the land bordering on the middle bay.
Nūs-kul-ling-us. The point at the entrance of the middle or A´la-la bay.
Skwék-sen. A rock on the eastern side of do. This was another demon.
I´ye-hun. The bald hill at the head of A´la-la bay.
T'kai-yetsh. The extreme S. W. point of Orcas island.
Nukh-ló-kwoi. A site on the W. side of do.
Kwi-nus. N. point of Lopez island.
Sklél-nip. Sand point N. end of do.
Nu-chad-kwun. E. point of do.
S'whul-lutsh. The lagoon on the W. side of do. (Its Clallam name, Pal-pi-yu.)
Kūt-ul´la. E. point of Shaw's island.
Hus-sáltsh, Hwi-chá-sen. Localities on the S. side of do.
Kl-chang. Point on N. side do.
Nūk-pá-katsh. Rocky islet N. side do.
Kla-lá-ka-mish. Former inhabitants of the E. side of San Juan island; a band of Lummis now extinct.
Si-a´lung-hu. Hudson's Bay farm, San Juan island.
Wa-hul-a-nun. Hudson's Bay salmon house, San Juan do.
Kl-whái-ten. Patos island.
Klakhw-kum (mussels). Patos island.
Pen-ōkh. Matia group. The name has the same signification as that of Vendovi island.
Chu-shé-nung. Sucia group.
Si-lá-ka-mish. Spiedur island.
Kwun-nus. Stuart island.
S'Hun-ne. Waldron island.
Le-mal-tcha, Sta-shum. Former villages on Waldron island.
El-t'nlh. Point Disney, do.
Pl-hunk'-'sun. W. point, do.
[Pg 40]
Names of Lummi Chiefs.
Sa-hōp-kan, now dead.
Chil-luk, his son, also dead.
Cháu-its-hūt, another son, and
Chil-lé-uk.
The last is Chief of the North Lummis, and Cháu-its-hūt of the southern band.
Hu-té-sa-luk, at Simiamoo.