Notes And Queries, Issue 213.

A paragraph has lately gone the round of the newspapers, in which, after mentioning the alterations recently made in the Beauchamp Tower and the opening of its "written walls" to public inspection, it is stated that this Tower was formerly the place of confinement for state prisoners, and that "Sir William Wallace and Queen Anne Boleyn" were amongst its inmates.

Now, I believe there is no historical authority for saying that "the Scottish hero" was ever confined in the Tower of London; and it seems certain that the unfortunate queen was a prisoner in the royal apartments, which were in a different part of the fortress. But so many illustrious persons are known to have been confined in the Beauchamp Tower, and its walls preserve so many curious inscriptions—the undoubted autographs of many of its unfortunate tenants—that it must always possess great interest.

Speaking from memory, I cannot say whether the building known as the Beauchamp (or Wakefield) Tower was even in existence in the time of Edward I.; but my impression is, that its architecture is not of so early a time. It is, I believe, supposed to derive its name from the confinement in it of Thomas de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, in 1397. Of course it was not the only place of durance of state prisoners, but it was the prison of most of the victims of Tudor cruelty who were confined in the Tower of London; and the walls of the principal chamber which is on the first storey, and was, until lately, used as a mess-room for the officers, are covered in some parts with those curious inscriptions by prisoners which were first described in a paper read before the Society of Antiquaries in 1796, by the Rev. J. Brand, and published in the thirteenth volume of The Archæologia.

Mr. Cunningham, in his notice of the Tower, mentions Wallace first among the eminent persons who have been confined there. The popular accounts of the Tower do the like. It was about the Feast of the Assumption (Aug. 15) that Wallace was taken and conducted to London; and it seems clear that he was forthwith imprisoned in the citizen's house:

The authorities cited are, Adam Merimuth and Thomas de La More. His arraignment and condemnation on the Vigil of St. Bartholomew are also mentioned by Matthew Westminster, p. 451. Neither these historians, or Stow or Holinshed, afford any farther information. The latter chronicler says that Wallace was "condemned, and thereupon hanged" (Chron., fol., 1586, vol. ii. p. 313.). He was executed at Smithfield; and it is not improbable that, if, after his condemnation, he was taken to any place of safe custody, he was lodged in Newgate. The following entry of the expenses of the sheriffs attending his execution is on the Chancellor's Roll of 33 Edw. I. in the British Museum:

The day of the trial, August 23, is generally given the date of his execution. It therefore appears that the formidable Scot never was a prisoner in the Tower.

The unfortunate Queen Anne Boleyn occupied the royal apartments while she was a prisoner in the Tower. From Speed's narrative, it appears that she continued to occupy them after she was condemned to death. On May 15 (1536) she was (says Stow)

On May 19, the unfortunate queen was led forth to "the green by the White Tower" and beheaded.

In the record of her trial before the Duke of Norfolk, Lord High Steward (see Report of Deputy Keeper of Public Records), she is ordered to be taken back to "the king's prison within the Tower;" but these are words of form. The oral tradition cannot in this case be relied upon, for it pointed out the Martin Tower as the place of her imprisonment because, as I believe, her name was found rudely inscribed upon the wall. The Beauchamp Tower seems to have been named only because it was the ordinary state prison at the time. The narrative quoted by Speed shows, however, that the place of her imprisonment was the queen's lodging, where the fading honours of royalty still surrounded Anne Boleyn.

INEDITED LETTER FROM HENRY VIII. OF ENGLAND TO JAMES V. OF SCOTLAND.

I lately transcribed several very interesting original manuscripts, chiefly of the seventeenth century, but some of an earlier date, and now send you a literal specimen of one evidently belonging to the sixteenth century; although, notwithstanding the day of the month is given, the year is not. If you think it worthy of a place in your very excellent publication, you are quite at liberty to make use of it, and I shall be happy to send you some of the others, if you choose to accept them. They chiefly relate to the period when the Duke of Lauderdale was commissioner for Scotch affairs at the English Court; and one appears to be a letter addressed by the members of the Scottish College at Paris to James I. on the death of his mother.

HANDBOOK TO THE LIBRARY OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

In the Report of the royal commissioners on the British Museum, printed in 1850, we read—

The reference is erroneous. At Q. 9521. there is not a word on the subject! At Q. 9522. we read—

Now, the suggestion of a short printed guide to the reading-room was evidently considered as of some importance. The principle of SUUM CUIQUE is also of some importance. We observe that lord Seymour the examiner ascribes the suggestion to some witnesses—but lord Seymour the reporter claims the credit of it for himself! It is the after-thought of his lordship of which I have to complain.

If we turn to the evidence, it will appear that Mr. Peter Cunningham suggested a printed "catalogue of the books in the reading-room," Q. 4800.—I must now speak of myself. When summoned before the commissioners as a witness, I took with me the printed Directions respecting the reading-room for the express purpose of pointing out their inconsistency and insufficiency, and of advocating the preparation of a guide-book.

I cannot repeat my arguments. It would occupy too much space. I can only refer to the questions 6106-6116. The substance is this:—I contended that every person admitted to the reading-room should be furnished with instructions how to proceed—instructions as to the catalogues which he should consult—and instructions for asking for the books. On that evidence rests my claim to the credit of having suggested a Guide to the reading-room. Its validity shall be left to the decision of those who venerate the motto of Tom Hearne—Suum cuique.

The trustees of the British Museum seem to have paid no attention to the recommendation of the royal commissioners. They issue the same Directions as before. After you have obtained admission to the reading-room, you are furnished with instructions as to the mode of obtaining it!—but you have no guide to the numerous catalogues.

What Mr. Antonio Panizzi, the keeper of the department of printed books, says might be done, Mr. Richard Sims, of the department of manuscripts, says shall be done. His Handbook to the library of the British Museum is a very comprehensive and instructive volume. It is a triumphant refutation of the opinions of those who, to the vast injury of literature, and serious inconvenience of men of letters, slight common sense and real utility in favour of visionary schemes and pedantic elaboration.

There is no want of precedents for a work of this class, either abroad or at home. As to the public library at Paris—I observe, in my own small collection, an Essai historique sur la bibliothèque du roi, par M. le Prince; a Histoire du cabinet des médailles, par M. Marion du Mersan; a Notice des estampes, par M. Duchesne, &c.

For a precedent at home, I shall refer to the Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. The first edition of that interesting work, with the {512}valued autograph of G. Shaw, is now before me. It is dated in 1808. I have also the sixtieth edition, printed in this year. I cannot expect to see a sixtieth edition of the Handbook, but it deserves to be placed by the side of the Synopsis, and I venture to predict for it a wide circulation.

FOLK LORE.

Derbyshire Folk Lore.—Many years ago I learned the following verses in Derbyshire, with reference to magpies:

The opinion that a swarm of bees settling on a dead tree forebodes a death in the family also prevails in Derbyshire.

In that county also there is an opinion that a dog howling before a house is an indication that some one is dying within the house; and I remember an instance where, as I heard at the time, a dog continued howling in a street in front of a house in which a lady was dying.

It is also a prevalent notion that if the sun shines through the apple-trees on Christmas Day, there will be an abundant crop the following year.

I never heard the croaking of a raven or carrion crow mentioned as an indication of anything, which is very remarkable, as well on account of its ill-omened sound, as because it was so much noticed by the Romans.

Weather Superstitions.—If it rains much during the twelve days after Christmas Day, it will be a wet year. So say the country people.

"If there is anything in this, 1853 will be a wet year, for it has rained every day of the twelve." So wrote I under date January 9.

Folk Lore in Cambridgeshire (Vol. viii., p. 382.).—The custom referred to by Mr. Middleton, of ringing the church bell early in the morning for the gleaners to repair to the fields, and again in the evening for their return home, is still kept up not only at Hildersham, but also in most of the villages in this neighbourhood. I have heard this "gleaners' bell" several times during this present autumn; the object of course being to give all parties a fair and equal chance. Upon one occasion, where the villages lie rather close together, I heard four of these bells sounding their recall from different church towers; and as I was upon an eminence from whence I could see the different groups wending their way to their respective villages, it formed one of the most striking pastoral pictures I have ever witnessed, such, perhaps, as England alone can furnish.

RAPPING NO NOVELTY.

It may be interesting to the believers in modern miracles to learn that at all events "rapping" is no new thing. I now send you the account of an incident in the sixteenth century, which bears a strong resemblance to some of those veracious narrations which have enlightened mankind in the nineteenth century.

Rushton Hall, near Kettering in Northamptonshire, was long the residence of the ancient and distinguished family of Treshams. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth, the mansion was occupied by Sir Thomas Tresham, who was a pedant and a fanatic; but who was an important character in his time by reason of his great wealth and powerful connexions. There is a lodge at Rushton, situate about half a mile from the old hall, now in ruins; but covered all over, within and without, with emblems of the Trinity. This lodge is known to have been built by Sir Thomas Tresham; but his precise motive for selecting this mode of illustrating his favourite doctrine was unknown until it appeared from a letter written by himself about the year 1584, and discovered in a bundle of books and papers inclosed, since 1605, in a wall in the old mansion, and brought to light about twenty years ago. The following relation of a "rapping" or "knocking" is extracted from this letter:

Minor Notes.

Bond a Poet, 1642, O.S.—In the Perfect Diurnall, March 29, 1642, we have the following curious notice:

The late Harvest.—In connexion with the present late and disastrous harvest, permit me to contribute a distich current, as an old farmer observed to-day, "when I was a boy:"

Meaning that the prospect of the "yield" was not good enough to permit the labourers to get drunk upon it.

Misquotation.—In an article entitled "Popular Ballads of the English Peasantry," a correspondent of "N. & Q." (Vol. v., p. 603.) quotes as "that spirit-stirring stanza of immortal John," the lines:

These lines were not written by John, but by Charles Wesley. Here is the proof:

1st. A hymn of which the stanza quoted is the first, appears (p. 40.) in the Collection of Hymns published by John Wesley in 1779; but in the preface he says, "but a small part of these hymns are of my own composing."

3rd. The lines quoted by your correspondent form the ninth stanza of a hymn of twenty-two stanzas (which includes the six in John Wesley's Collection), written "after preaching (in a church)," and published in "Hymns and Sacred Poems. In two volumes. By Charles Wesley, M.A., Student of Christ Church, Oxford. Bristol: printed and sold by Felix Farley, 1749." A copy is in my possession. The hymn is No. 194.; and the stanza referred to will be found in vol. i. p. 306.

Epitaph in Ireland.—The following lines were transcribed by me, and form part of an epitaph upon a tombstone or mural slab, which many years past was to be found in (if I mistake not) the churchyard of Old Kilcullen, co. Kildare:

Reynolds (Sir Joshua's) Baptism.—I have been favoured by the incumbent of Plympton S. Maurice with a copy of the following entry in the Register of Baptisms of that parish, together with the appended note; which, if the fact be not generally known, may be of interest to your correspondent A. Z. (Vol. viii., p. 102.) as well as to others among the readers of "N. & Q.":

Samuel Reynolds, the father, was master of Plympton Grammar School from about 1715 to 1745, in which year he died. During that period his name appears once in the parish book, in the year 1742, as "minister for the time being" (not incumbent of the parish): the Rev. Geo. Langworthy having been the incumbent from 1736 to 1745, both inclusive.

Query, Was Sir Joshua by mistake baptized Joseph? or was the mistake made after baptism, in registering the name?

Tradescant.—The pages of "N. & Q." have elicited and preserved so much towards the history of John Tradescant and his family, that the accompanying extract from the register of St. Nicholas Cole Abbey, in the city of London, should have a place in one of its Numbers:

This lady erected the original monument in Lambeth churchyard upon the death of her husband in 1662. She died 1678.

Queries.

GRAMMAR IN RELATION TO LOGIC.

Dr. Latham (Outlines of Logic, p. 21., 1847, and English Language, p. 510., 2nd edition) defines the conjunction to be a part of speech that connects propositions, not words. His doctrine is so palpably and demonstrably false, that I am somewhat at a loss to understand how a man of his penetration can be so far deceived by a crotchet as to be blind to the host of examples which point to the direct converse of his doctrine. Let the learned Doctor try to resolve the sentence, All men are either two-legged, one-legged, or no-legged, into three constituent propositions. It cannot be done; either and or are here conjunctions which connect words and not propositions. In the example, John and James carry a basket, it is of course quite plain that the logic of the matter is that John carries one portion of the basket, and James carries the rest. But to identify these two propositions with the first mentioned, is to confound grammar with logic. The former deals with the method of expression, the latter with the method of stating (in thought) and syllogising. To take another example, Charles and Thomas stole all the apples. The fact probably was, that Charles' pockets contained some of the apples, and Thomas' pockets contained all the rest. But the business of grammar in the above sentence is to regulate the form of the expression, not to reason upon the matter expressed. A little thought will soon convince any person accustomed to these subjects that conjunctions always connect words, not propositions. The only work in which I leave seen Dr. Latham's fundamental error exposed, is in Boole's Mathematical Analysis of Logic; the learned author, though he seems unsettled on many matters of logic and metaphysics, has clearly made up his mind on the point now under discussion. He says:

If Dr. Latham is a reader of "N. & Q.," I should be glad if he would give his reasons for adhering to his original doctrine in the face of such facts as those I have instanced.

THE CORONET [CROWN] OF LLEWELYN AP GRIFFITH, PRINCE OF WALES.

A notice, transferred to The Times of the 5th instant from a recent number of The Builder, on the shrine of Edward the Confessor, after mentioning that "to this shrine Edward I. offered the Scottish regalia and the coronation chair, which is still preserved," adds, "Alphonso, about 1280, offered it the golden coronet of Llewelyn, Prince of Wales, and other jewels."

Who was Alphonso? And would the contributor of the notice favour the readers of "N. & Q." with the authority in extenso for the offering of this coronet?

The period assigned for the offering is certainly too early; Llewelyn ap Griffith, "the last sovereign of one of the most ancient ruling families of Europe" (Hist. of England, by Sir James Mackintosh, vol. ii. p. 254.), having been slain at Builth, Dec. 11, 1282. Warrington (Hist. of. Wales, vol. ii. p. 271.), on the authority of Rymer's Fœdera, vol. ii. p. 224., says: "Upon stripping Llewelyn there were found his Privy Seal; a paper that was filled with dark expressions, and a list of names written in a kind of cypher;" omitting, it will be observed, any reference to Llewelyn's coronet. That monarch's crown was probably obtained and transmitted to Edward I. on the capture, June 21, 1283, or shortly after, of his brother David ap Griffith, Lord of Denbigh, who had assumed the Welsh throne on the demise of Llewelyn; the Princess Catherine, the daughter and heir of the latter, and de jure sovereign Princess of Wales, being then an infant. Warrington states (vol. ii. p. 285.) that when David was taken, a relic, highly venerated by the Princes of Wales, was found upon him, called Crosseneych, supposed to be a part of the real cross brought by St. Neots into Wales from the Holy Land; and he adds that, besides the above relic, which was voluntarily delivered up to Edward by a secretary of the late Prince of Wales, "the crown of the celebrated King Arthur, with many precious jewels, was about this time presented to Edward," citing as his authorities Annales Waverleienses, p. 238.; Rymer's Fœdera, vol. ii. p. 247.

There are some particulars of these relics in the Archæologia Cambrensis; but neither that periodical, nor the authorities referred to by Warrington, are at the moment accessible to me.

Minor Queries.

Monumental Brass at Wanlip, Co. Leicester, and Sepulchral Inscriptions in English.—In the church of Wanlip, near this town, is a fine brass of a knight and his lady, and round the margin the following inscription, divided at the corners of the slab by the Evangelistic symbols:

Is there any monumental inscription in English, earlier than the above curious one, known to any of your correspondents?

Influence of Politics on Fashion.—Can any one of the numerous readers of "N. & Q." explain the meaning of the following passage of the note of p. 305. of Alison's History of Europe, 7th edition?—

Rev. W. Rondall.—Can any of your correspondents give information respecting the Rev. William Rondall, Vicar of Blackhampton, Devonshire (1548), who translated into English a portion of the writings of the learned Erasmus?

Henry, third Earl of Northumberland.—The above nobleman fell on the battle field of Towton (Yorkshire), 29th March, 1461, and was interred in the church of St. Denys, or Dionisius, in York, where his tomb, denuded of its brass, is still pointed out. Pray does an account exist, in any of our old historians, as to the removal of the body of the above nobleman from that dread field of slaughter to his mansion in Walmgate in the above city, and of his interment, which doubtless was a strictly private one? Again, does any record exist of the latter event in any book of early registers belonging to the above church? Doubtless many readers of "N. & Q." will be able to answer these three Queries.

"When we survey yon circling orbs on high,

Say, do they only grace the spangled sky?

Have they no influence, no function given

To execute the awful will of Heaven?

Is there no sympathy pervading all

Between the planets and this earthly ball?

No tactile intercourse from pole to pole,

Between the ambient and the human soul?

No link extended through the vast profound,

Combining all above, below, around?"

Turnbull's Continuation of Robertson.—Some years ago, a continuation of Robertson's work on Scottish Peerages was announced by Mr. Turnbull, Advocate of Edinburgh.—I shall be glad to be informed whether it as published; and by whom or where.

An Heraldic Query.—Will any one of your contributors from Lancashire or Cheshire, who may have access to ancient ordinaries of arms, whether in print or in manuscript, favour me by saying whether he has ever met with the following coat: Per pale, argent and sable, a fess embattled, between three falcons counterchanged, belled or? It has been attributed to the family of Thompson of Lancashire, by Captain Booth of Stockport, and an heraldic writer named Saunders; but what authority attaches to either I am not aware. Is it mentioned in Corry's Lancashire?

Osborn filius Herfasti.—Were Osborn, son of Herfast, abbot of S. Evroult, and Osborn de Crepon (filius Herfasti patris Gunnoris comitissæ), brothers? or were there two Herfasts?

Jews in China.—A colony of Jews is known to exist in the centre of China, who worship God according to the belief of their forefathers; and the aborigines of the northern portion of Australia exercise the rite of circumcision. Can these colonists and aborigines be traced to any of the nations of the lost tribes?

Derivation of "Mammet."—The Rev. B. Chenevix Trench, in his book on the Study of Words, 4th edition, p. 79., gives the derivation of the old English word mammet from "Mammetry or Mahometry," and cites, in proof of this, Capulet calling his daughter "a whining mammet." Now Johnson, {516}in his Dictionary, the folio edition, derives mammet from the word maman, and also from the word man; and mentions Shakspeare's

As both Dr. Johnson, the Rev. Ch. Trench, and many others, agree that mammet means "puppet," why not derive this word from the French marmot, which means a puppet.—Can any of the readers of the "N. & Q." give me a few examples to strengthen my supposition?

Non-recurring Diseases.—Among the many diseases to which humanity is subject, there are some which we are all supposed to have once, and but once, in our lifetime. Is this an unquestioned fact? and if so, has anything like a satisfactory explanation of it been offered?

Warville.—There being no w in the French language, whence did Brissot de Warville derive the latter word of his name?

occasionally appears with the name of the Rev. Dr. Doddridge as the author. Is it his?

Pelasgi.—In an article which appeared some time ago in Hogg's Instructor, Thomas de Quincey, speaking of the Pelasgi, characterises them as a race sorrowful beyond conception.—What is known of their history to lead to this inference?

Huc's Travels.—I was lately told, I think on the authority of a writer in the Gardener's Chronicle, that the travels of Messrs. Huc and Gabet in Thibet, Tartary, &c., was a pure fabrication, concocted by some Parisian littérateur. Can any of your readers confirm or refute this statement?

The Mousehunt.—I should feel much obliged to any reader of "N. & Q." who would refer me to any mention of in print, or give me any information from his own personal experience, respecting a small animal of the weasel tribe called the mousehunt, an animal apparently but little known; it is scarcely half the size of the common weasel, and of a pale mouse-colour. It is said to be well known in Suffolk, whence, however, after some trouble, I have been unsuccessful in obtaining a specimen; young stoats or weasels having been sent me instead of it. I could not find a specimen in the British Museum. Some years ago I saw two in Glamorganshire; one escaped me; the other had been killed by a ferret, but unfortunately I neglected to preserve it. Near the same spot last year a pair of them began making their nest, but being disturbed by some workmen employed in clearing out the drain in which they had ensconced themselves, were lost sight of and escaped.

The only description I have met with in print is in Bell's Life of Dec. 7, 1851, where "Scrutator," in No. 15. of his Letters "On the Management of Horses, Hounds, &c.," writes:

Lockwood, the Court Jester.—In some MS. accounts temp. Edw. VI., Mary, and Elizabeth, now before me, payments to "Lockwood, the king's jester," or "the queen's jester, whose name is Lockwood," are of almost annual occurrence. He appears to have travelled about the country like the companies of itinerant players.

Are any particulars known respecting him, and where shall I find the best account of the ancient court jesters? I am aware of Douce's work, and the memoirs of Will. Somers, the fool of Henry VIII.

Right of redeeming Property.—In some country or district which I have formerly visited, there exists, or did recently exist, a right of redeeming property which had passed from its owner's hands, somewhat similar to that prescribed to the Jews in Leviticus xxvi. 25. &c., and analogous to the custom in Brittany, with which Sterne's beautiful story has made us {517}familiar. Can you help me to remember where it is?

Minor Queries with Answers.

Dictionary of Zingari.—Can you direct me to a glossary or dictionary of this language? I have seen Borrow's Lavengro, and am not aware whether either of his other works contains anything of the sort. I should imagine it cannot be a perfect language, since the Rommanies located in our locality invariably use the English articles and pronouns; but knowing nothing more of it than what I glean from casual intercourse, I am unable to decide to my own satisfaction.

[A dictionary of the Zincali will be found in the first three editions of the following work: The Zincali; or, an Account of the Gypsies of Spain; with an original Collection of their Songs and Poetry, and a copious Dictionary of their Language. By George Borrow, 2 vols., 1841. This dictionary is omitted in the fourth edition of 1846; but some "Specimens of Gypsy dialects" are added. Our correspondent may also be referred to the two following works, which appear in the current number of Quarritch's Catalogue: "Pott, Die Zigeuner in Europa und Asien, vol. i. Einleitung und Grammatik, ii. Ueber Gaunersprachen, Wörterbuch and Sprachproben, 2 vols. 8vo. sewed, 15s. Halle, 1844-45." "Rotwellsche Grammatik oder Sprachkunst; Wörterbuch der Zigeuner-Sprache, 2 parts in 1, 12mo. half-bound morocco, 7s. 6d. Frankfurt, 1755."]

Sir Robert Coke.—Of what family was Sir Robert Coke, referred to in Granger, vol. iii. p. 212., ed. 1779, as having collected a valuable library bestowed by George, first Earl of Berkeley, on Sion College, London, the letter of thanks for which is in Collins?

[In the year 1672, Charles II. gave to Sir Arthur Forbes the sum of 600l., to be applied to the use of the Presbyterian ministers in Ireland. He professed not to know how to bestow it in a better manner, as he had learnt that these ministers had been loyal, and had even suffered on his account; and as that sum remained undisposed of in "the settlement of the revenue of Ireland," he gave it in his charity to them. This was the origin of the Regum donum. As the dissenters approved themselves strong friends to the House of Brunswick, George I., in 1723, wished too to reward them for their loyalty, and, by a retaining fee, preserve them stedfast. A considerable sum, therefore, was annually lodged with the heads of the Presbyterians, Independents, and Baptists, to be distributed among the necessitous ministers of their congregations.]

Who was the Author of "Jerningham" and "Doveton?" (Vol. viii., p. 127.).—Mr. Anstruther begs to decline the compliment; perhaps the publisher of the admirable History of the War in Affghanistan can find a head to fit the cap.

Alma Mater.—In Ainsworth's Latin Dictionary I observed he limits the use of that expression to Cambridge. I have been accustomed to see it used for Oxford, or any other university. What is his reason for applying it to Cambridge alone?

Replies.

ALEXANDER CLARK.

In communicating a few particulars about Alexander Clark, I must disappoint your correspondent Perthensis; my subject answering in no respect to Peter Buchan's "drucken dominie," the author of the Buttery College. Alexander Clark, who has fallen in my way, belongs to the class of "amiable enthusiasts;" a character I am somewhat fond of, believing that in any pursuit a dash of the latter quality is essential to success.

Clark was by profession a gardener; and as my friends in the north always seek to localise their worthies, I venture to assign him to Annandale. My first acquaintance with him arose from his {518}Emblematical Representation falling into my hands; and, pursuing my inquiries, I found this was but one of some half-dozen visionary works from the same pen. In his View of the Glory of the Messiah's Kingdom, we have the origin of his taking upon himself the prophetic character; it is entitled:

From this period, Clark's character became tinged with that enthusiasm which ended in his belief that he was inspired; and that in publishing his—

This second sight, if I may so call it, set our author upon drawing aside the veil from the prophetic writings; and his view of their mystical sense is diffused over the indigested and rambling works bearing the following titles:

In his Address to the Friendly Society of Gardeners, Clark gives some account of his worldly condition; of his early training in religious habits; his laborious and industrious devotion to his profession, with which he seems to have been greatly enamoured, although poorly paid, and often in straits. Subsequently to the great event of his life—his vision—our subject appears to have come south, and to have been in the employment of Lord Charles Spencer at Hanworth in Middlesex. Like most of the prophets of his day, Clark was haunted with the belief that the last day was approaching; and considering himself called upon to announce to his acquaintance and neighbours that this "terrible judgment of God was at hand," he got but contempt and ridicule for his pains:—more than that, indeed, for those raising the cry that he was a madman, they procured the poor man's expulsion from his situation. Under all these discouraging circumstances, he maintained his firm conviction of the approaching end of time: so strongly was his mind bent in this direction, that "I opened the window of the house where I then was," says he, "thinking to see Christ coming in the clouds!"

Poor Clark, like his prototype Thomas Newans, laboured hard to obtain the sanction of the hierarchy to his predictions:

The orthodoxy of the "Reverend the Clergy" was not, however, to be moved; and Alexander Clark and his books now but serve the end of pointing a moral. With more real humility and less presumption, there was much that was good about him; but letting his heated fancies get the better of the little judgment he possessed, our amiable enthusiast became rather a stumbling-block than light to his generation.

AMCOTTS PEDIGREE.

Although I may not be able to furnish your inquirer with full pedigree of this family, my Notes may prove useful in making it out.

From a settlement after marriage in 1663, of Vincent Amcotts of Laughton, in the county of Lincoln, gentleman, I find his wife's name to be Amy; but who she was is not disclosed. It appears she survived her husband, and was his {519}widow and relict and executrix living in 1687. Their eldest daughter Elizabeth married John Sheffield, Esq., of Croxby, and I have noted three children of theirs, viz. Vincent, who died s.p.; Christopher, who, with Margaret, his wife, in 1676 sold the Croxby estate; and Sarah. What farther as to this branch does not appear, although my next Vincent Amcotts may be, and probably was, a descendant. This Vincent Amcotts was of Harrington, in the county of Lincoln, Esq.; and who, from his marriage settlement dated May 16 and 17, 1720, married Elizabeth, the third of the four daughters of John Quincy of Aslackby, in the county of Lincoln, gentleman: and I find the issue of this marriage to be Charles Amcotts of Kettlethorpe, in the county of Lincoln, Esq., who died in 1777 s.p.; Anna Maria, whom married Wharton Emerson; Elizabeth, who died previous to her brother Charles; and Frances, who married the Rev. Edward Buckworth of Washingborough, in the county of Lincoln, Clerk, Doctor of Laws.

After the death of Charles Amcotts, we find Wharton Emerson at Kettlethorpe, having assumed the name of Amcotts: he was created a baronet in 1796, the title being limited in remainder to the eldest son of his daughter Elizabeth. Sir Wharton Amcotts married a second wife, Amelia Campbell, by whom he had a daughter, but what became of her does not appear. Elizabeth, the daughter and heir of Sir Wharton Amcotts by his first wife Anna Maria Amcotts, married in 1780 John Ingilby, Esq., of Ripley, who in the next year was created a baronet: and they appear to have had eleven children, viz. John Charles Amcotts, the present Sir William Amcotts Ingelby, in whom both titles are vested, Elizabeth, Augusta, Anna Maria, and Ann; which last three died in infancy; Diana, Vincent Bosville, who died at a year old, and Julia and Constance. Thus far my Notes extend.

SIR RALPH WINWOOD.

I have an original letter of Sir Ralph Winwood's in French, addressed "A Monsieur Mons^r Charles Huyghens, Secrétaire du Conseil d'estat de Mess^rs les Estats à la Haye," which, as it may possibly be interesting to your correspondent H. P. W. R., I here transcribe:

The year is not indicated, but the allusion to the death of Concini (the celebrated Maréchal d'Ancre, who was assassinated by order of Louis XIII.) proves that this letter was written in 1617, and very shortly before the death of the writer, which occurred on the 27th of October in that year.

M. Charles Huyghens, to whom the letter is addressed, was probably the father of Constantine Huyghens, the Dutch poet-politician, who was secretary and privy counsellor to the Stadtholders Frederick Henry, and William I. and II., and who, not improbably, was the son here mentioned as recommended to the protection of Sir R. Winwood, and who, at that date, would have been twenty-one years of age.

Constantine was himself the father of the still more celebrated Christian Huyghens, the astronomer and mathematician. The seal on the letter, which is in excellent preservation, is a shield bearing the following arms: 1. and 4. a cross botonné, 2. and 3. three fleurs-de-lis.

TRENCH ON PROVERBS.

I hope that neither Mr. Trench nor his critic E. M. B. will consider me interfering by my making an observation or two on the correct rendering of the latter part of Ps. cxxvii. 2. Mr. Trench is perfectly correct by supposing an ellipsis in the sentence alluded to, and the words

should have been translated, "He will give to his beloved whilst he [the beloved] is asleep." The translation of the authorised version of that sacred affirmation is unintelligible. Mr. Trench has the support of Luther's version, which has the sentence thus:

The celebrated German Jewish translator of the Old Testament agrees with Mr. Trench. The following is Dr. Zunz's rendering:

The following is the Hebrew annotation in the far-famed Moses Mendelsohn's edition of the Book of Psalms:

"The holy and blessed One will give it to his beloved, in whom He delights, whilst he is yet asleep and without fatigue."

I need not adduce passages in the Hebrew Psalter, where such ellipsises do occur. E. M. B. evidently knows his Hebrew Bible well, and a legion of examples will immediately occur to him.

If E. M. B. will refer to Hengstenberg's Commentary on the Psalms, he will find that Mr. Trench is not without authority for his translation of Ps. cxxvii. 2. I quote the passage from Thompson and Fairbairn's translation, in Clark's Theological Library, vol. iii. p. 449.:

Has the translation of Ps. cxxvii. 2., which Mr. Trench has adopted, the sanction of any version but that of Luther?

ON PALINDROMES.

Several of your correspondents have offered Notes upon these singular compositions, and Agricola de Monte adduces

as an example. As neither he nor Mr. Ellacombe give it as found out of this country, allow me to say that it was to be seen on a benitier in the church of Notre Dame at Paris. If it were not for the substitution of the adjective ΜΟΝΑΝ for the adverb ΜΟΝΟΝ, the line would be one of the best specimens of the recurrent order.

I notice that a correspondent (Vol. vii., p. 336.) describes the Palindrome as being universally sotadic. Now, this term was only intended to apply to the early samples of this fanciful species of verse in Latin, the production Sotades, a Roman poet, 250 B.C. The lines given by Bœoticus (Vol. vi., p. 209.),

owe their authorship to his degraded Muse, and many others which would but pollute your pages.

The hexameter "Sacrum pingue," &c. given by Ω. Φ. (Vol. vi., p. 36.), is to be found in Misson's Voyage to Italy, copied from an old cloister wall of Santa Maria Novella at Florence. These ingenious verses are Leoline^[2], and it is noted that "the sacrifice of Cain was not a living victim."

I have seen it stated that the English language affords but one specimen of the palindrome, while the Latin and Greek have many. The late Dr. Winter Hamilton, the author of Nugæ Literariæ, gives this solitary line, which at the best is awkwardly fashioned:

Some years since I fell in with that which, after all, is the most wonderful effort of the kind; at least I can conceive of nothing at all equal to it.

It is to be found in a poem called Ποίημα Καρκινεκὸν, written in ancient Greek by a modern Greek called Ambrosius, printed in Vienna in 1802, and dedicated to the Emperor Alexander. It contains 455 lines, every one of which is literal palindrome.

I have some hesitation in giving even a quotation; and yet, notwithstanding the forced character of some of the lines, your readers will not fail to admire the classic elegance of this remarkable composition.

"Εὖ Ἐλισάβετ, Ἄλλα τ' ἐβασίλευε.

Ἔλαβε τὰ κακὰ, καὶ ἄκακα κατέβαλε.

Ἀρετὰ πήγασε δὲ σᾶ γῆ πατέρα.

Σώματι σῶ φένε φένε φῶς ἰταμῶς.

Σὺ δὴ Ἥρως οἷος ὦ Ῥῶς οἷος ὥρη ἡδύς:

Νοὶ σὺ λαῷ ἀλαῷ ἀλύσιον.

Νέμε ἤθη λαῷ τῷ ἀληθῆ ἔμεν.

Σὺ ἔσο ἔθνει ἐκεῖ ἔνθεος εὖς.

Ὧ Ῥῶς ἔλε τί σὺ λυσιτελὲς ὤρω.

Ἀλλὰ τὰ ἐν νῷ βάλε, λαβῶν νέα τ' ἄλλα

Σωτὴρ σὺ ἔσο ὦ ἔλεε θέε λεῶ, ὃς εὖς ῥητῶς

Σὸν ἅδε σωτῆρα ἰδιὰ ῥητῶς ἐδανὸς."

Here is a Palindrome that surrounds a figure of the sun in the mosaic pavement of Sa. Maria del Fiori at Florence:

Replies to Minor Queries.

The Claymore (Vol. viii., p. 365.).—I believe there is no doubt that the true Scottish claymore is the heavy two-handed sword, examples of which are preserved at Dumbarton Castle, and at {521}Hawthornden, and respectively attributed to William Wallace, and to Robert the Bruce. The latter is a very remarkable specimen, the grip being formed either of the tusk of a walrus or of a small elephant, considerably curved; and the guard is constructed of two iron bars, terminated by trefoils, and intersecting each other at right angles. The blade is very ponderous, and shorter than usual in weapons of this description.

The claymore of modern times is a broadsword, double or single-edged, and provided with a basket hilt of form peculiar to Scotland, though the idea was probably derived from Spain. Swords with basket hilts were commonly used by the English cavalry in the reigns of Charles I. and II., but they are always of a different type from the Scotch, though affording as complete a protection to the hand. I possess some half-dozen examples, some from Gloucestershire, which are of the times of the civil wars. There are many swords said to have been the property of Oliver Cromwell; one is in the United Service Museum: all that I have seen are of this form.

Temple Lands in Scotland (Vol. viii., p. 317.).—Your correspondent Abredonensis, upon a reference to the undernoted publications, will find many interesting particulars as to these lands, viz.:

The "Introductory Notices" prefixed to Nos. 2. and 3. give full particulars of the various sales and purchases of the Superioritus, &c., by Mr. Gracie and others.

Lewis and Sewell Families (Vol. viii., p. 388.).—Your correspondent may obtain, in respect to the Lewis family, much information in the Life and Correspondence of Matthew Gregory Lewis, two vols. 8vo., London, 1839, particularly at pp. 6. and 7. of vol. i. He will there find that Matthew Lewis, Esq., who was Deputy Secretary of War for twenty-six years, married Frances Sewell, youngest daughter of the Right Hon. Sir Thos. Sewell; that Lieut.-Gen. Whitelocke and Gen. Sir Thos. Brownrigg, G.C.B., married the other two daughters of Sir Thos. Sewell; and that Matthew Gregory Lewis, who wrote the Castle Spectre, &c., was son of Matthew Lewis, Esq., the Deputy Secretary of War.

With regard to the Sewell family. The Right Hon. Sir Thos. Sewell, who was Master of the Rolls for twenty years, died in 1784; and there is, I believe, a very correct account of his family connexions in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1784, p. 555. He died intestate, and his eldest son, Thos. Bailey Heath Sewell, succeeded to his estate of Ottershaw and the manors of Stannards and Fords in Chobham, Surrey. This gentleman was a magistrate for the county of Surrey; and in the spring of 1794, when this country was threatened by both foreign and domestic enemies, he became Lieut.-Col. of a regiment of Light Dragoons (fencibles), raised in Surrey (at Richmond) by George Lord Onslow, Lord-Lieut. of the county, in which he served six years, till the Government not requiring their services they were disbanded. Lieut.-Col. Sewell died in 1803, and was buried in the church at Chobham, where there is a monument to his memory. Of his family we have not farther knowledge than that he had a son, Thos. Bermingham Heath Sewell, who was a cornet in the 32nd Light Dragoons, and lieutenant in the 4th Dragoon Guards during the war of the French Revolution. The History and Antiquities of Surrey, by the Rev. Owen Manning and Wm. Bray, in three vols. folio, 1804, has in the third volume much concerning the Sewell family.

Pharaoh's Ring (Vol. viii., p. 416.).—The mention of the ring conferred on, or confided to, Joseph by the Pharaoh of Egypt, as stated in Genesis xli. 42., reminds me of a ring being shown to me some years ago, which was believed by its then possessor to be the identical ring, or at all events a signet ring of the very Pharaoh who promoted Joseph to the chief office in his kingdom.

It was a ring of pure gold, running through a hole in a massive wedge of gold, about the size, as far as I recollect, of a moderate-sized walnut. On one of its faces was cut the hieroglyphic (inclosed as usual with the names of Egyptian kings in an oval), as I was assured, of the king, the friend of Joseph, as was generally supposed by the readers of hieroglyphics: I pretend to no knowledge of them myself.

The possessor of the ring, who showed it to me, was Mr. Sams, one of the Society of Friends, a bookseller at Darlington. Since railroads have {522}whirled me past that town, I have lost my means of periodical communication with him. He had, not long before I saw him last, returned from the Holy Land, where he assured me he had visited every spot that could be identified mentioned in the New Testament. He had also been some time in Egypt, and had brought home a great quantity of Egyptian antiquities. The lesser ones he had in the first floor of a carver and gilder's in Great Queen Street, between the Freemason's Tavern and Lincoln's Inn Fields. He was then anxious that these should be bought for the British Museum, and I think that at his request I wrote to the Earl of Aberdeen to mention this, and that the answer was that there was already so large a collection in the Museum, that more, as they must most of them be duplicates, would be of no use.

What has become of them I know not. I was told that a number of his larger antiquities, stone and marble, were for some time placed on Waterloo Bridge, that being a very quiet place, where people might view them without interruption. I did not happen to be in London that season, and therefore did not see them.

"Could we with ink," &c. (Vol. iii., pp. 127. 180. 257. 422.).—Have not those correspondents who have answered this Query overlooked the concluding verse of the gospel according to St. John, of which it appears to me that the lines in question are an amplification without improvement? Mahomet, it is well known, imitated many parts of the Bible in the Koran.

"Populus vult decipi" (Vol. vii., p. 578.; Vol. viii, p. 65.).—As an illustration of this expression the following anecdote is given. When my father was about thirteen years old, being in London he was, on one occasion in company with Dr. Wolcot (Peter Pindar), who, calling him to him, laid his hand on his head, and said, "My little boy, I want you to remember one thing as long as you live—the people of this world love to be cheated."

Red Hair (Vol. vii., p. 616.; Vol. viii., p. 86.).—It is frequently stated that the Turks are admirers of red hair. I have lately met with a somewhat different account, namely, that the Turks consider red-haired persons who are fat as "first-rate" people, but those who are lean as the very reverse.

"Land of Green Ginger" (Vol. viii., p. 227.).—The authority which I am able to afford Mr. Richardson is simply the tradition of the place, which I had so frequently heard that I could scarcely doubt the truth of it; this I intended to be deduced, when I said I did not recollect that the local histories gave any derivation, and that it was the one "generally received by the inhabitants."

To any mind the solution brought forward by Mr. Buckton (Vol. viii., p. 303.) carries the greatest amount of probability with it of any yet proposed; and should any of your correspondents have the opportunity of looking through the unpublished history of Hull by the Rev. De la Pryme, "collected out of all the records, charters, deeds, mayors' letters, &c. of the said town," and now placed amongst the Lansdowne MSS. in the British Museum, I am inclined to think it is very likely it would be substantiated.

In Mr. Frost's valuable work on the town, which by the way proves it to have been "a place of opulence and note at a period long anterior to the date assigned to its existence by historians," he differs materially from Mr. Richardson, in considering that Hollar's plate was "engraved about the year 1630," not in 1640 as he states. There is also another which appeared between the time of Hollar and Gent, in Meisner's Libellus novus politicus emblematicus Civitatum, published in 1638, which though not "remarkable for accuracy of design," is well worthy of notice. It bears the title "Hull in Engellandt," and also the following curious inscriptions, which I copy for the interest of your readers:

These lines refer to a curious engraving on the left side of the plan, representing an owl imprisoned in a cage with a quantity of birds about, endeavouring to assail it.

"I put a spoke in his wheel" (Vol. viii., p. 351.).—Does not this phrase mean simply interference, either for good or evil? I fancy the metaphor is really derived from putting the bars, or spokes, into a capstan or some such machine. A number {523}of persons being employed, another puts his spoke in, and assists or hinders them as he pleases. Can a stick be considered a spoke before it is put into its place, in the nave of the wheel at least? We often hear the observation, "Then I put in my spoke," &c. in the relation of an animated discussion. May I venture to suggest a pun on the preterite of the verb to speak?

Pagoda (Vol. viii., p. 401.).—May not the word pagoda be a corruption of the Sanscrit word "Bhagovata," sacred?

Passage in Virgil (Vol. viii., p. 270.).—On this part of Johnson's letter, Mr. Croker observes:

As the shepherd in Virgil had found Love to be not the gentle being he expected, but of a savage race—"a native of the rocks"—so had Johnson found a patron to be "one who looked with unconcern on a man struggling for life," instead of a friend to render assistance.

Supposing Johnson's estimate of Lord Chesterfield's conduct to be correct, I cannot help thinking the allusion to be eminently happy.

To speak in Lutestring (Vol. viii., p. 202.).—Lutestring, or lustring, is a particular kind of silk, and so is taffeta; and thus the phrase may be explained by Shakspeare's Love's Labour's Lost, Act V. Sc. 8.:

Junius intended to ridicule such kind of affectation by persons who were, or ought to have been, grave senators.

Dog Latin (Vol. viii., p. 218.).—A facetious friend, alluding particularly to law Latin with its curious abbreviations, says that it is so called because it is cur-tailed!

Longevity (Vol. viii., p. 113.).—I recollect seeing an old sailor in the town of Larne, county Antrim, Ireland, in the year 1826-27, of the name of Philip Lake, aged 110, who was said to have been a cabin boy in Lord Anson's vessel, in one of his voyages. If any of your correspondents can furnish the registry of his death it would be interesting.

Mary Simondson, familiarly known as "Aunt Polly," died recently at her cottage near Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, at the advanced age of 126 years.

Definition of a Proverb (Vol. viii., p. 243.)—C. M. Ingleby inquires the source of the following definition of proverb, viz. "The wisdom of many, and the wit of one."

The date is added since, in an edition of 1842; this remark makes no part of the note on the line, "If but a sinew vibrate," &c.

Ireland a bastinadoed Elephant (Vol. viii., p. 366.).—I venture to suggest whether this expression may not be something more than a bull, as

. inclines to call it. If any one will look at a physical map of Ireland at some little distance, a very slight exercise of the "mind's eye" will serve to call up in the figure of that island the shape of a creature kneeling and in pain. Lough Foyle forms the eye; the coast from Bengore Head to Benmore Head the nose or snout; Belfast Lough the mouth; the coast below Donaghdee the chin; County Wexford the knees. The rest of the outline, according to the imagination of the observer, may assume that of an elephant, or something, perhaps, "very like a whale." Some fanciful observation of this kind may have suggested the otherwise unaccountable simile to Curran.

Ennui (Vol. vii., p. 478.; Vol. viii., p. 377.).—The meaning of this admirable word is best gleaned from its root, viz. nuit. It is somewhat equivalent to the Greek ἀγρυπνία, and signifies the sense of weariness with doing nothing. It gives the lie to the dolce far niente: vide Ps. cxxx. 6., and Job vii. 3, 4. Ennui is closely allied to our annoy or annoyance, through noceo, noxa, and their probable root nox, νὺξ. It is precisely equivalent to the Latin tædium, which may be derived from tæda, which in the plural means a torch, and through that word may have a side reference to night, the tædarum horæ: cf. Ps. xci. 5. The subject is worthy of strict inquiry on the part of comparative philologists.

Belle Sauvage (Vol. viii., p. 388.).—Your Philadelphian correspondent asks whether Blue Bell, Blue Anchor, &c., are corruptions of some other emblem, such as that which in London transformed La Belle Sauvage into the Bell Savage.

This is not the fact. The Bell Savage on Ludgate Hill was originally kept by one Isabella Savage. A cotemporary historian, writing of one of the leaders in a rebellion in the days of Queen {524}Mary, says, "He then sat down upon a stone opposite to Bell Savage's Inn."

History of York (Vol. viii., p. 125.).—There is a History of York, published in 1785 by Wilson and Spence, described to be an abridgment of Drake, which is in three volumes, and may be a later edition of the same work to which Mr. Elliot alludes.

Encore (Vol. viii., p. 387.).—If A. A. knows the meaning of "this French word" I am a little surprised at his Query. Perhaps he means to ask why a French word should be used? It probably was first used at concerts and operas (ancora in Italian), where the performers and even the performances were foreign, and so became the fashion. Pope says:

It was not, I think, in use so early as Shakspeare's time, who makes Bottom anticipate that "the Duke shall say, Let him roar again, let him roar again," where the jingle of "encore" would have been obvious. It is somewhat curious that where we use the French word encore, the French audiences use the Latin word "bis."

"Hauling over the Coals" (Vol. viii., p. 125.).—This saying I conceive to have arisen from the custom prevalent in olden times, when every Baron was supreme in his own castle, of extracting money from the unfortunate Jews who happened to fall into his power, by means of torture. The most usual modus operandi seems to have been roasting the victims over a slow fire. Every one remembers the treatment of Isaac of York by Front-de-Bœuf, so vividly described in Sir Walter Scott's Ivanhoe. Although the practice has long been numbered amongst the things that were, the fact of its having once obtained is handed down to posterity in this saying, as when any one is taken to task for his shortcomings he is hauled over the coals.

The Words "Cash" and "Mob" (Vol. viii., p. 386.).—Mr. Fox was right: mob is not genuine English—teste Dean Swift! A lady who was well known to Swift used to say that the greatest scrape she ever got into with him was by using the word mob. "Why do you say that?" he exclaimed in a passion; "never let me hear you say that again!" "Why, sir," she asked, "what am I to say?" "The rabble, to be sure," answered he. (Sir W. Scott's Works of Swift, vol. ix.) The word appears to have been introduced about the commencement of the eighteenth century, by a process to which we owe many other and similar barbarisms—"beauties introduced to supply the want of wit, sense, humour, and learning." In a paper of The Tatler, No. 230., much in the spirit, and possibly from the pen, of Swift, complaint is made of the "abbreviations and elisions" which had recently been introduced, and a humorous example of them is given. By these, the author adds,

I have only to add (see Blackwood's Magazine, vol. ii., 1842) that "mob is mobile."

Cash is from the French caisse, the moneychest where specie was kept. So caissier became "cashier," and specie "cash."

Mob, Swift tells us (Polite Conversation, Introd.), is a contraction for mobile.

Clericus Rusticus has not, I fear, Johnson's Dictionary, where both these derivations are given.

Ampers &. (Vol. ii., pp. 230. 284.; Vol. viii. passim).—Mr. Ingleby may well ask what "and-per-se-and" can mean. The fact is, this is itself a corruption. In old spelling-books, after the twenty-six letters it was customary to print the two following symbols with their explanations

Children were taught to read the above "et-cee, et cetera" and "et-per-se, and." Such, at least, was the case in a Dublin school, some ninety years ago, where my informant, now many years deceased, was educated. As se was not there pronounced like cee, but like say, there was no danger of confounding the two names. In England, where a different pronunciation of the Latin word prevailed, such confusion would be apt to occur; and hence, probably, English teachers substituted and for et; from which, in course of time, the other corruptions mentioned by Mr. Lower were developed.

The Keate Family, of the Hoo, Herts (Vol. viii., p. 293.).—The following account is taken from Burke's Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies of England, Lond. 1841:

Hour-glasses (Vol. viii., p. 454.).—In the church of Wiggenhall, St. Mary the Virgin, the iron frame of an hour-glass, affixed to a wooden stand, immediately opposite the pulpit, still remains.

An iron hour-glass stand still remains near the pulpit in the church of Ashby-Folville, in this county (Leicester). It is fixed to the wall containing the staircase to the rood-loft.

In the old church of Anstey, recently pulled down and rebuilt, was an ancient hour-glass stand, consisting of a pillar of oak, about four feet high, the top of which is surmounted by a light framework of wood for the reception of the hour-glass. This specimen is preserved in the museum of this town.

Marriage of Cousins (Vol. viii., p. 387.).—If there is any foundation for such a statement as is contained in the Query of J. P. relative to the marriage of cousins, it consists rather in the marriage of first cousins once removed than of second cousins. It will be seen that the latter relationship belongs to the same generation, but it is not so with the former, which partakes more of the nature of uncle and aunt with nephew and niece.

There is no legal foundation for the statement that marriage with a second cousin is valid, and with a first cousin invalid. The following quotation from Burn's Ecc. Law by Phill., vol. ii. p. 449., will probably be considered to explain the matter:

Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle (Vol. viii., p. 271.), was the son of Thomas and Margaret Waugh, of Appleby, in Westmoreland; born there 2nd February, 1655; educated at Appleby school; matriculated at Queen's College, Oxford, 4th of April, 1679; took his degree of M.A. the 7th of July, 1687; and elected Fellow on the 18th of January following. He married Elizabeth, widow of the Rev. Mr. Fiddes, rector of Bridewell, in Oxford, who was the only surviving child of John Machen, Esq., of ——, in the county of Oxford, by whom he left son, John Waugh, afterwards chancellor of the diocese of Carlisle.

Marriage Service (Vol. viii., p. 150.).—I have been many years in holy orders, and have always received the fee together with the ring on the Prayer Book, as directed in the Rubric. The ring I return to the bridegroom to place upon the bride's finger; the fee (or offering) I deposit in the offertory basin, held for that purpose by the clerk, and on going to the chancel (the marriage taking place in the body of the church) lay it on the altar. Note.—In the parish in which I first ministered, the marriages had always been commenced in the body of the church, as directed; in the second parish in which I ministered, that custom had only been broken by the present incumbent a few years since.

I have seen the Rubric carried out in this particular, in St. Mary's Church, Kidderminster.

Hoby, Family of (Vol. viii., p. 243.).—In answer to Mr. J. B. Whitborne, I beg to state that the Rev. Sir Philip Hoby, Baronet, was in the early part of the last century chancellor of the archdiocese of Dublin. He was an intimate friend of Archbishop Cobbe, and there is a picture of him in canonicals at Newbridge, co. Dublin.

Cambridge Graduates (Vol. viii., p. 365.).—Your correspondent will find a list of B.A.'s of Cambridge University from the years 1500 to 1717 in Add. MS. 5885., British Museum.

are by Peter Pindar, whose works I have not, and so cannot give an exact reference. The extract containing them will be found in Chambers' Cyclopædia of English Literature, vol. ii. p. 298.

"Topsy Turvy" (Vol. viii., p. 385.).—This is ludicrously derived, in Roland Cashel, p. 104., from top side t'other way.

"When the Maggot bites" (Vol. viii., pp. 244. 304. 353.).—Another illustration of this phrase may be found in Swift (Introduction to Tale of a Tub):

The word maggot is sometimes used for the whim or crotchet itself; thus Butler:

So also it is used by Samuel Wesley (father of the founder of the Methodists) in his rare and facetious volume entitled Maggots, or Poems on several Subjects never before handled, 12mo., 1685.

"Salus populi," &c. (Vol. viii., p. 410.).—The saying "Salus populi supreme lex" is borrowed from the model law of Cicero, in his treatise de Legibus, III. 3. It is made one of the duties of the consuls, the supreme magistrates, to regard the safety of the state as their highest rule of conduct:

The allusion appears to be to the formula used by the senate for conferring supreme power on the consuls in cases of emergency: "Dare operam, ne quid respublica detrimenti caperet." (See Sallust, Bell. Cat. c. 29.)

Aristotle regards the safety of the citizens as the great end of law (see his Ethics, b. I. ch. 4.); and Cicero (de Finibus, lib. ii. c. 5.) lays down a similar principle.

Theodoro Paleologus (Vol. viii., p. 408.).—The inscription referred to was printed in Archæologia, vol. xviii., and with some account of the Paleologi to which a Querist was referred in "N. & Q.," Vol. v., p. 280. (see also pp. 173. 357.). It is astonishing how much will be found in that "Californian mine," if the most excellent indices of the several volumes are only consulted. Your correspondent could in the present case have pointed out the errors of the inscription already in print had the indices to "N. & Q." attracted him.

Worm in Books (Vol. viii., p. 412).—In reply to Alethes I beg to acquaint him that I have tried various means for destroying the worm in old books and MSS., and the most effectual has been the chips of Russia leather; indeed, in but one instance have I known them fail.

The Porter Family (Vol. viii., p. 364.).—1. The reason of the word Agincourt being placed above the inscription in Bristol Cathedral is, that the Porter family were descendants of Sir William Porter who fought at Agincourt.

3. This family was descended from Endymion Porter of classic and loyal memory.^[3]

Buckle (Vol. viii., p. 304.).—This word is in common use by the artizans who work upon sheet-iron, to denote the curl which a sheet of iron acquires in passing through a pair of rollers. The word has been derived from the French boucle, a curl. The shoe-buckle has got its name from its curved form. In the days in which every man in this country, who was in easy circumstances, wore a wig, it was well known that to put a wig in buckle, meant to arrange its curls in due form.

The "Forlorn Hope" (Vol. viii., p. 411.).—This is no quotation; but the expression arose in the army from its leader or captain, who, being often a disappointed man, or one indifferent to consequences, now ran the "forlorn hope" either of ending his days or obtaining a tomb in Westminster Abbey. From the captain, after a time, the term descended to all the little gallant band. In no part of our community will you find such {527}meaning expressions (often very slang ones) used as in the army. A lady, without hearing anything to shock "ears polite," might listen to the talk of a mess table, and be unable to understand clearly in what the conversation consisted. "He is gone to the bad"—meaning, he is ruined. "A wigging from the office" (a very favourite expression)—a reprimand from the colonel. "Wigging" naturally arising from tearing the hair in anger or sorrow, and the office of course substituting the place from whence it comes for the person who sent it. Besides may others, quæ nunc, &c.

Burial in Unconsecrated Ground (Vol. vi., p. 448.; Vol. viii., p. 43.).—The following curious entry occurs in the parish register of Pimperne, Dorset:

There was a pestilence in England in 1625. In 1628 sixteen thousand persons died of the plague at Lyons.

I do not know whether the case recorded in London Labour and the London Poor, vol. i. p. 411.—by the way, is that work ever to be completed, and how far has it gone?—of a man buried at the top of a house at Foot's Cray, in Kent, has been noticed by any correspondent.

Sangaree (Vol. iii., p. 141.).—I take it that the word ought to be spelled sansgris, being derived from the French words sans, without, and gris, tipsy, meaning a beverage that would not make tipsy. I have been a good deal in the French island of Martinique, and they use the term frequently in this sense as applied to a beverage made of white wine ("Vin de Grave"), syrup, water, and nutmeg with a small piece of fresh lime-skin hanging over the edge of the glass. A native of Martinique gave me this as the derivation of the word. The beverage ought not to be stirred after the nutmeg is put in it, as the fastidious say it would spoil the flavour.

Point of Etiquette (Vol. viii., p. 386.).—The title Miss, without the Christian name, belongs to the eldest unmarried daughter of the representative of the family only. If he have lost his own children, his brother is heir presumptive merely to the family honours; and can neither assume nor give to his daughter the titles to which they are only expectants. The matter becomes evident, if you test the rule by a peerage instead of a squirage. Even the eldest daughter of a baronet or landed gentleman loses her title of Miss, when her brother succeeds to the representation, provided he have a daughter to claim the title.

Etymology of "Monk" and "Till," &c. (Vol. viii., pp. 291. 409.).—Will you allow me one word on these two cases? Monk is manifestly a Greek formative from μονος, and denotes a solitaire.

The proposed derivation of till, from to-while, is not new; but still clearly mistaken, inasmuch as the word till is found in Scotch, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, and others of the family. A word thus compounded would be of less general use. Besides which, to-while would scarcely produce such a form as till; it would rather change the t into an aspirate, which would appear as th.

Forrell (Vol. vii., p. 630.).—Your correspondent T. Hughes derives this word (applied in Devonshire, as he tells us, to the cover of book) from forrell, "a term still used by the trade to signify an inferior kind of vellum." Is it not more natural to suppose it to be the same word which the French have made fourreau, a cover or sheath? (See Du Cange, vv. Forellus, Forrellus.)

Parochial Libraries (Vol. vii., p. 507.; Vol. viii. passim).—There is a library at Wimborne Minster, in the Collegiate Church, which, on my visit two years since, appeared to contain some valuable volumes, and was neglected and in very bad condition.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Dr. Lardner has just published the third and concluding course of his Handbook of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy. The subjects treated of in the present volume are Meteorology and Astronomy, and they are illustrated with thirty-seven lithographic plates, and upwards of two hundred engravings on wood. The work was undertaken with the very popular object of supplying the means of acquiring a competent knowledge of the methods and results of the physical sciences, without any unusual acquaintance with mathematics; and in the methods of demonstration and illustration of this series of treatises, that principle has as far as possible, been adopted so that by means of the present volumes, persons who have not even a superficial knowledge of geometry and algebra may yet acquire with great facility a considerable acquaintance with the sciences of which they treat. The present volume contains a very elaborate index, which, {528}combined with the analytical tables of contents, give to the entire series all the usefulness of a compendious encyclopædia of natural philosophy and astronomy.

Willich's Income Tax Tables, Fourth Edition, 1853-1860, price One Florin, show at one view the amount of duty at the various rates fixed by the late act, and are accompanied by a variety of statistical information, tending to show that the wealth of the nation has increased in as great, if not a greater, ratio, than the population. The price at which the work is issued serves to lead our attention to a little pamphlet, published at sixpence, or 25 mils, by Mr. Robert Mears, entitled Decimal Coinage Tables for simplifying and facilitating the Introduction of the proposed new Coinage.

The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy by Ordericus Vitalis, translated with Notes, and the Introduction of Guizot, by Thomas Forrester, M.A. Vol. I., is a new volume of the interesting Series of Translations of the early Church Historians of England publishing by Mr. Bohn, to which we propose calling the especial attention of our readers at some future period. The importance which our French neighbours attach to the writings of Ordericus Vitalis is shown by the fact that the French Historical Society, after publishing a translation, are now issuing an edition of the original text, from a laborious collation of the best MSS., under the editorship of M. Auguste le Prevost. The present translation is based upon that edition.

We have on several occasions called the attention of our readers to the Collection of Proclamations in the possession of the Society of Antiquaries, and to the endeavours making by that learned body to secure as complete a series as possible of these valuable but hitherto little used materials for English History. Some contributions towards this object have, we believe, been the results of our notices; and we have now to state, that at the opening meeting on Thursday the 17th, it was announced that William Salt, Esq., F.S.A., had presented to the library two volumes of Proclamations of the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. Great as is the pecuniary value of this munificent donation, it is far exceeded by its importance in filling up a large gap in the existing Series. A Catalogue Raisonnée of the whole collection is in preparation by Robert Lemon, Esq., of the State Paper Office, a gentleman well qualified for the task, and its early publication may, we trust, be received as an evidence of the beneficial influence which the Society of Antiquaries is hereafter destined to exercise on the historical literature of England.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are given for that purpose:

(Scioppius) Scaliger Hypobolymæus, h.e. Elenchus Epistolæ Josephi Burdonis Pseudo-Scaligeri de Vetustate et Splendore Gestis Scaligeri. 4to. Mainz, 1607.

Astro-Meteorologica: or Aphorisms and Discourses of the Bodies Celestial, by the Rev. John Goad. London. Folio. 1686.

Notices to Correspondents.

In consequence of the vast number of Replies to Minor Queries waiting for insertion, we have been obliged to postpone many interesting papers which are in type and our Notices to Correspondents.

"Notes and Queries," Vols. i. to vii., price Three Guineas and a Half.—Copies are being made up and may be had by order.

"Notes and Queries" is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.

ELEMENTARY MECHANICS. Designed chiefly for the use of Schools. By HARVEY GOODWIN, M.A., late Fellow and Mathematical Lecturer of Gonville and Caius College.

FLY-LEAVES, OR SCRAPS AND SKETCHES: Literary, Bibliographical, and Miscellaneous: consisting of Essays on Antiquarian and Bibliographical Subjects, Memorials of Old London, Choice Specimens of Ancient Poetry, chiefly from unpublished MSS.; with Numerous Bibliographical Notices of Rare Books reprinted from "Miller's London Librarian", in a neat Volume. Fcap. 8vo. cloth, lettered, price 2s. 6d.

A NARRATIVE OF PRACTICAL EXPERIMENTS, proving to demonstration the discovery of Water, Coal, and Minerals by means of the Dowsing Fork or Divining Rod, as successfully practised in Somersetshire and other places. Collected, reported, and edited by FRANCIS PHIPPEN, thirty-four years an occasional contributor to the London "Observer" Newspaper.

ΔΗΜΟΣΘΕΝΟΥΣ Ο ΠΕΡΙ ΤΗΣ ΠΑΡΑΠΡΕΣΒΕΙΑΣ ΛΟΓΟΣ.

DEMOSTHENIS DE FALSA LEGATIONE. By RICHARD SHILLETO, M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge. Second Edition, carefully revised.

AN ELEMENTARY TREATISE ON PLANE CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY. By REV. W. SCOTT, M.A., Mathematical Lecturer and Late Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge.

Now ready, royal 12mo., pp. 430., with a Plan showing the localities of the London Libraries, and ground plan of the Libraries in the British Museum, cloth, 5s.

Containing a Brief History of its Formation, and of the various Collections of which it is composed: Descriptions of the Catalogues in present use; Classed Lists of the Manuscripts, &c.; and a variety of Information indispensable for the "Readers" at that Institution. With some Account of the Principal Libraries in London. By RICHARD SIMS, of the Department of Manuscripts; Compiler of the "Index to the Heralds' Visitations."

XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic Establishments.—The superiority of this preparation is now universally acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto no preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases where a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and Exported to any Climate. Full instructions for use.

Caution.—Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony.

CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware of purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable detergent. The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and may be procured of all respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1s., 2s., and 3s. 6d. each. through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95. Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents.

Considered in relation to the Philosophy of Binocular Vision. An Essay, by C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge.

London: WALTON & MABERLEY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row. Cambridge: J. DEIGHTON.

REMARKS on some of Sir William Hamilton's Notes on the Works of Dr. Thomas Reid.

London: JOHN W. PARKER, West Strand. Cambridge: E. JOHNSON. Birmingham: H. C. LANGBRIDGE.

BLAND & LONG, 153. FLEET STREET. OPTICIANS and PHILOSOPHICAL INSTRUMENT MAKERS, invite attention to their Stock of STEREOSCOPES of all Kinds, and in various Materials: also, to their New and Extensive Assortment of STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same, in DAGUERREOTYPE, on PAPER, and TRANSPARENT ALBUMEN PICTURES on GLASS, including Views of London, Paris, the Rhine, Windsor, &c. These Pictures, for minuteness of Detail and Truth in the Representation of Natural Objects, are unrivalled.

DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.—Plates, Cases, Passepartoutes. Best and Cheapest. To be had in great variety at

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.—OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, its Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or Portraits.—The Trade supplied.

Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, &c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, Islington.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.—An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra Copies for 10s.

PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—123. and 131. Newgate Street.

AMUSEMENT FOR LONG EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S Chemical Cabinets and Portable Laboratories, 5s. 6d., 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d., 21s., 31s. 6d., 42s., 63s., and upwards. Book of Experiments, 6d. "Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue" forwarded Free for Stamp.

WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Chemist, 29c. Rotherfield Street, Islington, London, and of Chemists and Opticians everywhere.

RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series), consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curious Useful and Valuable Old Books. Vol. I. Pp. 436. Cloth, 10s. 6d. Part V., price 2s. 6d., published Quarterly, is now ready.

BOHN'S BRITISH CLASSICS.—Under the above Title is this Day commenced a New Series (which has long been in preparation), uniform in Size and Price with the Standard Library. It will comprise full and complete Editions of the great Authors of our Literature, including especially those which at present exist only in scarce or expensive Editions. Among the early Volumes will be GIBBON'S DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE, with VARIORUM NOTES, comprising not only all those given in the Original Quarto Edition, but also the Notes of Guizot, Wenck, and other Foreign Editors, as well as whatever has been derived from the later Researches of Niebuhr, Layard, &c. A Portrait of the Author and Plates, whenever essential as Illustrations, will be added, on the same plan as the recent Edition of SOUTHEY'S COWPER published in the STANDARD LIBRARY.

Although it is deemed expedient to enter on a New Series under the Title of BRITISH CLASSICS, to enable the Publisher, without farther delay, to fructify a long cherished scheme, the Standard, Scientific, Antiquarian, Illustrated, Classical, Philological, and Ecclesiastical Libraries will be continued with undiminished attention.

GIBBON'S ROMAN EMPIRE, with Variorum Notes, including, in addition to the Author's own, those of Guizot, Wenck, and other foreign scholars. Edited by an ENGLISH CHURCHMAN. In Six Volumes. Vol. I. Price 3s. 6d.

DANUBIAN PROVINCES.—RANKE'S HISTORY OF SERVIA, and the SERVIAN REVOLUTION. With an Account of the INSURRECTION in BOSNIA. Translated by MRS. KERR. To which is added, THE SLAVE PROVINCES OF TURKEY, from the French of CYPRIEN ROBERT, and other recent sources. Post 8vo., cloth. 3s. 6d.

JUSTIN, CORNELIUS NEPOS, and EUTROPIUS. Literally translated, with Notes and a General Index to the three authors. By the Rev. J. S. WATSON, M.A. Post 8vo. cloth. 5s.

PICTORIAL HANDBOOK OF LONDON, comprising its Antiquities, Architecture, Arts, Manufacture, Trade, Social, Literary, and Scientific Institutions, Exhibitions, and Galleries of Art; together with some Account of the principal Suburbs and most attractive Localities. Illustrated with 205 Engravings on Wood, by Branston, Jewitt, and others; and a very large and complete Map, engraved by Lowry. Post 8vo. cloth. 5s.

This volume, of which the former editions were published by Mr. Weale at 9s., contains above 900 pages, and is undoubtedly the cheapest five shilling volume ever produced.

KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.

IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of Photography. Instruction in the Art.

ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of upwards of 100 articles, consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles of the kind ever produced.

W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had considerable experience.

BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1, Class X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and 4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,

INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.—BARRY, DU BARRY & CO.'S HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.

THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal, liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, dyspepsia (indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhœa, acidity, heartburn, flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of the skin, rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at sea, and under all other circumstances, debility in the aged as well as infants, fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c.

London Agents:—Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through all respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, suitably packed for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2s. 9d.; 2lb. 4s. 6d.; 5lb. 11s.; 12lb. 22s.; super-refined, 5lb. 22s.; 10lb. 33s. The 10lb. and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order.—Barry, Du Barry Co., 77. Regent Street, London.

Important Caution.—Many invalids having been seriously injured by spurious imitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and others, the public will do well to see that each canister bears the name Barry, Du Barry & Co., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, without which none is genuine.

In the former EIGHTY PER CENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are divided amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the sum assured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option.

No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest on Capital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account.

At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of nearly Two Per Cent. per annum on the amount assured, or at the rate of from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent. on the Premiums paid.

The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'Clock. Assurances may be effected by applying on any other day, between the hours of 10 and 4, at the Office of the Society, where prospectuses and all other requisite information can be obtained.

WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.

Directors.

H. E. Bicknell, Esq.

T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P.

G. H. Drew, Esq.

W. Evans, Esq.

W. Freeman, Esq.

F. Fuller, Esq.

J. H. Goodhart, Esq.

T. Grissell, Esq.

J. Hunt, Esq.

J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.

E. Lucas, Esq.

J. Lys Seager, Esq.

J. B. White, Esq.

J. Carter Wood, Esq.

Trustees.—W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.

Physician.—William Rich. Basham, M.D.

Bankers.—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.

POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in the Prospectus.

Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in three-fourths of the Profits:—

Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions. INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.

On Thursday, the 5th of January, 1854, will be published, price Twopence, the First of a Series of Works, entitled ORR'S CIRCLE OF THE SCIENCES; consisting of Short Treatises on the Fundamental Principles and Characteristic Features of Scientific and Practical Pursuits. With Numerous Illustrative Engravings on Wood.

MESSRS. W. S. ORR & CO. have to announce the Early Publication, in Weekly Numbers, of a Series of Short Treatises, which will include every useful and attractive section of human acquirement, whether scientific, practical, or descriptive; and which will be issued at a price so moderate as to place them within the reach of every member of the community.

Although every subject will be treated in a philosophic spirit, yet it will not be forgotten that the work is designed for popular use; and therefore the Editor and the various Contributors will endeavour to clothe the whole Series, and the Scientific Treatises especially, in simple language, so as to render them easy introductions to practical studies.

To carry the design into effect, assistance has been obtained from eminent scientific men: and the Editor has the satisfaction of announcing among the Contributors to the first year's volumes the names of Professor Owen, of the Royal College of Surgeons; Sir William Jardine, Bart.; Professors Ansted and Tennant, of King's College; the Rev. Walter Mitchell, of St. Bartholomew's Hospital; and Professor Young, Examiner in Mathematics at the University of London. Every confidence, therefore, may be placed in the publication, as regards its soundness of principle, its extent of information, and its accordance with the results of the latest researches and discoveries.

During the first year either three or four volumes will be completed. The respective subjects will not be issued in consecutive weeks; but the paging of each series will be continuous:—so that the whole, when collected at the end of the year, will form separate Volumes, with Title-pages, Prefaces, Tables of Contents, Indices—each Volume being a distinct work on Natural Philosophy, on the Two Great Divisions of Natural History, and on the Mathematical Sciences.

The "Circle of the Sciences" will thus, by the aid of copious Analytical Indices, combine all the advantages of an Encyclopædia, as a work of reference, without the irksome repetition which alphabetical arrangements necessarily involve.

Will be issued; but the Publication of the Work itself will not commence until January, 1854.

"Orr's Circle of Sciences" can be supplied by every Bookseller in the Kingdom; of whom a detailed Prospectus, containing Specimen Page and List of Subjects, may be had.

THE BRITISH ALMANAC AND THE COMPANION together, in cloth boards, lettered, price 4s.

CONTENTS OF COMPANION FOR 1854.

PART I.

1. On a Decimal Coinage.

2. Census of Great Britain, 1851.

3. Baths and Wash-houses.

4. Financial Improvement.

5. New Customs Tariff.

6. Ireland: in Prospects.

7. Fluctuations of the Funds.

8. Average Prices of Corn, &c.

PART II.

9. Abstracts of Public Acts.

10. Abstracts of Parliamentary Documents.

11. Chronicle of the Session of Parliament.

12. Private Bills of the Session of Parliament.

13. Public Petitions, 1852-3.

14. Public Improvements, with Woodcuts.

15. Chronicle of Occurrences, 1852-3.

16. Necrological Table of Literary Men, Artists, &c.

GROUNDS for LAYING BEFORE the COUNCIL of KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON, certain Statements contained in a recent Publication, entitled THEOLOGICAL ESSAYS, by the REV. F. D. MAURICE, A.M., Professor of Divinity in King's College. By R. W. JELF, D.D., Principal of the College.

SECOND SERIES of SERMONS for the CHRISTIAN SEASONS. The First Series is now complete, in Four Volumes, fcap. 8vo., price 16s., containing plain practical Sermons for every Sunday and Holy-day throughout the year.

THE INSTITUTES OF JUSTINIAN. A New Edition, with English Introduction, Translation, and Notes. By THOMAS C. SANDARS, M.A., late Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford.

LITERARY CURIOSITIES (SENT FREE BY POST).—Bartholomew Fair in Edward the Second's Reign: Bartholomew Fair in Charles the First's Reign; and the Dagonising of Bartholomew Fair in 1617. Three Rare and Curious Broadsides, Price 3s.

Three Proclamations against Stage Players, issued in the Reigns of Charles the First and George the Second; and a Broadside of a Robbery of Shakepearian Relics from Charlecote House. 1s.

Gleanings from the Earliest and Rarest Newspapers, with a Facsimile of a very Curious, Droll, and Interesting Newspaper of King Charles's Reign. 6d.

*** Apply by Letter inclosing Payment in Postage Stamps to Mr. J. H. FENNELL, 1 Warwick Court, Holborn, London.

SIXTY SERMONS, preached upon several occasions. By GEORGE SMALLRIDGE, D.D., some time Bishop of Bristol, and Dean of Christ Church, Oxford. A New Edition. Two vols. 8vo., price 15s., in cloth.

OBSERVATIONS ON OUR LORD'S CONDUCT as a DIVINE INSTRUCTOR, and on the Excellence of his Moral Character. BY WILLIAM NEWCOME, D.D., late Archbishop of Armagh. A New Edition. 8vo., price 8s., in cloth.

THE TWO BOOKS OF COMMON PRAYER, set forth by Authority of Parliament in the Reign of King Edward the Sixth. Compared with each other, and edited, by EDWARD CARDWELL, D.D., Principle of St. Alban Hall. Third Edition. 8vo., price 7s., in cloth.

XENOPHONTIS HISTORIA GRÆCA, ex recensione et cum Annotationibus LUDOVICI DINDORFII. Edito Secunda, auctior et emendatior. 8vo., price 10s. 6d., in cloth.

A TREATISE on the DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS, and its applications to Algebra and Geometry: founded on the Method of Infinitesimals. By BARTHOLOMEW PRICE, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of Pembroke College, Oxford. 8vo., price 14s. 6d., in cloth.

DR. CHANDLER'S CRITICAL HISTORY of the LIFE of DAVID. A New Edition, in One Volume. 8vo., price 8s. 6d., in cloth.

BULSTRODE WHITELOCK'S MEMORIALS of the ENGLISH AFFAIRS, from the beginning of the Reign of Charles I. to the Restoration of Charles II. A New Edition, in Four Volumes 8vo., price 30s., in cloth.

CATALOGI CODICUM MANUSCRIPTORUM BIBLIOTHECÆ BODLEIANÆ. Pars Prima recensionem codicum Græcoreum continens. Confecit HENRICUS COXE., A.M., Hypo-Bibliothecarius. 4to., price 1l. 2s., in cloth.

SOCRATIS SCHOLASTICI ECCLESIASTICA HISTORIA, edited ROBERTUS HUSSEY, S.T.B., Historiæ Ecclesiasticæ Professor Regius. Three Volumes 8vo., price 1l. 11s. 6d., in cloth.

THE RUBRIC in the BOOK of COMMON PRAYER, and the Canons of the Church of England, so far as they relate to the Parochial Clergy, considered in a course of Visitation Charges. To which are added, Three Discourses on Preaching. By THOMAS SHARP, D.D. New Edition. 8vo., price 5s., in cloth.

THE THIRD PART of the ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY of JOHN, BISH0P OF EPHESUS (the Syriac Text), now first edited, by WILLIAM CURETON M.A., F.R.S. 4to., price 1l. 11s. 8d., in cloth.

CLINTON'S EPITOME OF THE CIVIL AND LITERARY CHRONOLOGY OF ROME AND CONSTANTINOPLE, from the death of Augustus to the death or Heraclius, edited by the REV. C. J. CLINTON. 8vo., cloth, 7s.

HARPOCRATIONIS LEXICON IN DECEM ORATORES ATTICOS ex recensione GULIELMI DINDORFII. Two Volumes 8vo., cloth, 21s.

MAY'S (THOMAS, Secretary for the Parliament) HISTORY OF THE (Long) PARLIAMENT OF ENGLAND, which began November 3, 1640, with a short necessary view of some precedent years. A New Edition. 8vo., cloth, 6s. 6d.

Sold by JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and 377. Strand, London; and E. GARDNER 7. Paternoster Row.

PRIVATELY PRINTED BOOKS,

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH,

36. SOHO SQUARE, LONDON.

These Works are printed in quarto, uniform with the Club-Books, and the series is now completed. Their value chiefly consists in the rarity and curiosity of the pieces selected, the notes being very in number. The impression of each work is most strictly limited.

MORTE ARTHURE: The Alliterative Romance of the Death of King Arthur; now first printed, from a Manuscript in the Library of Lincoln Cathedral. Seventy-five Copies printed. 5l.

THE CASTLE OF LOVE: A Poem, by ROBERT GROSTESTE, Bishop of Lincoln; now first printed from inedited MSS. of the Fourteenth Century. One Hundred Copies printed. 15s.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO EARLY ENGLISH LITERATURE, derived chiefly from Rare Books and Ancient Inedited Manuscripts from the Fifteenth to the Seventeenth Century. Seventy-five Copies printed.

A NEW BOKE ABOUT SHAKESPEARE AND STRATFORD-ON-AVON, illustrated with numerous woodcuts and facsimiles of Shakespeare's Marriage Bond, and other curious Articles. Seventy-five Copies printed. 1l. 1s.

THE PALATINE ANTHOLOGY. An extensive Collection of Ancient Poems and Ballads relating to Cheshire and Lancashire: to which is added THE PALATINE GARLAND. One Hundred and Ten Copies printed. 2l. 2s.

THE LITERATURE OF THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES, illustrated by Reprints of very Rare Tracts. Seventy-five Copies printed. 2l. 2s.

THE YORKSHIRE ANTHOLOGY.—An Extensive Collection of Ballads and Poems, respecting the County of Yorkshire. One Hundred and Ten Copies printed. 2l. 2s.

A DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS, printed in Two Volumes, Quarto (Preface omitted), to range with Todd's "Johnson," with Margins sufficient for Insertions. One Hundred and Twelve Copies printed in this form. 2l. 2s.

SOME ACCOUNT OF A COLLECTION OF SEVERAL THOUSAND BILLS, ACCOUNTS, AND INVENTORIES, Illustrating the History of Prices between the Years 1650 and 1750, with Copious Extracts from Old Account-Books. Eighty Copies printed. 1l. 1s.

THE POETRY OF WITCHCRAFT, Illustrated by Copies of the Plays on the Lancashire Witches, by Heywood and Shadwell, viz., the "Late Lancashire Witches," and the "Lancashire Witches and Tegue o'Divelly, the Irish Priest." Eighty Copies printed. 2l. 2s.

THE NORFOLK ANTHOLOGY, a Collection of Poems, Ballads, and Rare Tracts, relating to the County of Norfolk. Eighty Copies printed. 2l. 2s.

SOME ACCOUNT OF A COLLECTION OF ANTIQUITIES, COINS, MANUSCRIPTS, RARE BOOKS, AND OTHER RELIQUES, Illustrative of the Life and Works of Shakespeare. Illustrated with Woodcuts. Eighty Copies printed. 1l. 1s.

SOME ACCOUNT OF THE MSS. PRESERVED IN THE PUBLIC LIBRARY, PLYMOUTH; a Play attributed to Shirley, a Poem by N. BRETON, and other Micellanies. Eighty Copies printed. 2l. 2s.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, November 26, 1853.

*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER 213, NOVEMBER 26, 1853 ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.”
• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works.
• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work.
• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™

Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.

Notes:—	Page
The State Prison in the Tower, by William Sidney Gibson	509
Inedited Letter from Henry VIII. of England to James V. of Scotland, by Thos. Nimmo	510
Handbook to the Library of the British Museum, by Bolton Corney	511
Folk Lore:—Derbyshire Folk Lore—Weather Superstitions—Weather Rhymes, &c.—Folk Lore in Cambridgeshire	512
Rapping no Novelty, by D. Jardine	512
Minor Notes:—Bond a Poet—The late Harvest—Misquotation—Epitaph in Ireland—Reynolds (Sir Joshua's) Baptism—Tradescant	513
Queries:—
Grammar in relation to Logic, by C. Mansfield Ingleby	514
The Coronet [Crown] of Llewelyn ap Griffith, Prince of Wales	514
Minor Queries:—Monumental Brass at Wanlip, co. Leicester, and Sepulchral Inscriptions in English—Influence of Politics on Fashion—Rev. W. Rondall—Henry, third Earl of Northumberland—"When we survey," &c.—Turnbull's Continuation of Robertson—An Heraldic Query—Osborn filius Herfasti—Jews in China—Derivation of "Mammet"—Non-recurring Diseases—Warville—Dr. Doddridge—Pelasgi—Huc's Travels—The Mousehunt—Lockwood, the Court Jester—Right of redeeming Property	515
Minor Queries with Answers:—Dictionary of Zingari—Sir Robert Coke—Regium Donum—Who was the Author of "Jerningham" and "Doveton?"—Alma Mater	517
Replies:—
Alexander Clark	517
Amcotts Pedigree, by W. S. Hesleden	518
Sir Ralph Winwood, by the Rev. W. Sneyd	519
Trench on Proverbs, by the Rev. M. Margollouth, &c.	519
On Palindromes, by Charles Reed, &c.	520
Replies to Minor Queries:—The Claymore—Temple Lands in Scotland—Lewis and Sewell Families—Pharaoh's Ring—"Could we with ink," &c.—"Populus vult decipi"—Red Hair—"Land of Green Ginger"—"I put a spoke in his wheel"—Pagoda—Passage in Virgil—To speak in Lute-string—Dog Latin—Longevity—Definition of a Proverb—Ireland a bastinadoed Elephant—Ennui—Belle Sauvage—History of York—Encore—"Hauling over the Coals"—The Words "Cash" and "Mob"—Ampers and—The Keate Family, of the Hoo, Herts—Hour-glasses—Marriage of Cousins—Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle—Marriage Service—Hoby, Family of—Cambridge Graduates—"I own I like not," &c.—"Topsy Turvy"—"When the Maggot bites," &c.	520
Miscellaneous:—
Notes on Books, &c.	527
Books and Odd Volumes wanted	528
Notices to Correspondents	528
Advertisements	528

The Project Gutenberg eBook of Notes and Queries, Number 213, November 26, 1853

NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

"When found, make a note of."—Captain Cuttle.

CONTENTS.

Notes.

THE STATE PRISON IN THE TOWER.