The Project Gutenberg eBook of 西京雜記 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. Title: 西京雜記 Author: Hong Ge Release date: May 7, 2008 [eBook #25368] Language: Chinese Credits: Produced by Pei Rong Lin *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 西京雜記 *** Produced by Pei Rong Lin 西京雜記 葛洪著 第一卷 一、蕭何營未央宮 漢高帝七年,蕭相國營未央宮,因龍首山製前殿,建北闕,未央宮周迴二十二里九十五 步五尺,街道周迴七十里。臺殿四十三:其三十二在外,其十一在後宮。池十三,山六 池一、山一,亦在後宮。門闥凡九十五。 二、昆明池養魚 武帝作昆明池,欲伐昆明夷,教習水戰。因而於上戲養魚,魚給諸陵廟祭祀,餘付長安 市賣之。池周迴四十里。 三、八月飲酎 漢制:宗廟八月飲酎,用九醞太牢,皇帝侍祠。以正月旦作酒,八月成,名曰酎,一曰 九醞,一名醇酎。 四、止雨如禱雨 京師大水,祭山川以止雨。丞相、御史、二千石禱祠,如求雨法。    五、天子筆 天子筆管,以錯寶為跗,毛皆以秋兔之毫,官師路扈為之。以雜寶為匣,廁以玉璧、翠 羽,皆直百金。 六、几被以錦 漢制:天子玉几,冬則加綈錦其上,謂之綈几。以象牙為火籠,籠上皆散華文,後宮則 五色綾文。以酒為書滴,取其不冰;以玉為硯,亦取其不冰。夏設羽扇,冬設繒扇。公 侯皆以竹木為几,冬則以細罽為橐以憑之,不得加綈錦。 七、吉光裘 武帝時,西域獻吉光裘,入水不濡。上時服此裘以聽朝。    八、戚夫人歌舞 高帝戚夫人善鼓瑟擊筑。帝常擁夫人倚瑟而絃歌,畢,每泣下流漣。夫人善為翹袖折腰 之舞,歌《出塞》、《入塞》、《望歸》之曲,侍婦數百皆習之。後宮齊首高唱,聲入 雲霄。 九、彄環 戚姬以百煉金為彄環,照見指骨。上惡之,以賜侍兒鳴玉、耀光等各四枚。 一十、魚藻宮 趙王如意年幼,未能親外傅。戚姬使舊趙王內傅趙媼傅之,號其室曰養德宮,後改為魚 藻宮。 一一、縊殺如意 惠帝嘗與趙王同寢處,呂后殺之而未得。後帝早獵,王不能夙興,呂后命力士於被中縊 殺之。及死,呂后不之信。以綠囊盛之,載以小軿車入見,乃厚賜力士。力士是東郭門 外官奴。帝後知,腰斬之,后不知也。 一二、樂遊苑 樂遊苑自生玫瑰樹,樹下多苜蓿。苜蓿一名懷風,時人或謂之光風。風在其間,常蕭蕭 然,日照其花有,光彩,故名苜蓿為懷風。茂陵人謂之連枝草。 一三、太液池 太液池邊皆是彫胡、紫蘀、綠節之類。菰之有米者,長安人謂之彫胡;葭蘆之未解葉者 ,謂之紫蘀;菰之有首者,謂之綠節。其間,鳧雛、雁子布滿充積,又多紫龜、綠鱉。 池邊多平沙,沙上鵜鶘、鷓鴣、鵁鶄、鴻鶂,動輒成群。 一四、終南山華蓋樹 終南山多離合草,葉似江蘺而紅綠相雜。莖皆紫色,氣如羅勒。有樹直上百尺,無枝。 上結叢條如車蓋,葉有一青一赤,望之班駮如錦繡。長安謂之丹青樹,亦云華蓋樹,亦 生熊耳山。 一五、劍光射人 漢帝相傳以秦王子嬰所奉白玉璽、高祖斬白蛇劍。劍上有七彩珠、九華玉以為飾,雜廁 五色琉璃為劍匣。劍在室中,光景猶照於外,與挺劍不殊。十二年一加磨瑩,刃上常若 霜雪。開匣拔鞘,輒有風氣,光彩射人。 一六、七夕穿針開襟樓 漢彩女常以七月七日穿七孔針於開襟樓,俱以習之。 一七、身毒國寶鏡 宣帝被收繫郡邸獄,臂上猶帶史良娣合彩婉轉絲繩,繫身毒國寶鏡一枚,大於八銖錢。 舊傳此鏡見妖魅,得佩之者為天神所福,故宣帝從危獲濟。及即大位,每持此鏡,感咽 移辰。常以琥珀笥盛之,緘以戚里織成錦,一曰斜文錦。帝崩,不知所在。 一八、霍顯為淳于衍起第贈金 霍光妻遺淳于衍蒲桃錦二十四匹,散花綾二十五匹。綾出鉅鹿陳寶光家,寶光妻傳其法 。霍顯召入其第,使作之。機用一百二十鑷,六十日成一匹,匹直萬錢。又與走珠一琲 ,綠綾百端,錢百萬,黃金百兩,為起第宅,奴婢不可勝數。衍猶怨曰:「吾為爾成何 功,而報我若是哉!」 一九、旌旗飛天墮井 濟北王興居反,始舉兵,大風從東來,直吹其旌旗,飛上天入雲,而墮城西井中。馬皆 悲鳴不進。左右李廓等諫,不聽。後卒自殺。 二十、弘成子文石 五鹿充宗受學於弘成子。成子少時,嘗有人過之,授以文石,大如燕卵。成子吞之,遂 大明悟,為天下通儒。成子後病,吐出此石,以授充宗,充宗又為碩學也。 二一、黃鵠歌 始元元年,黃鵠下太液池。上為歌曰:「黃鵠飛兮下建章,羽肅肅兮行蹌蹌,金為衣兮 菊為裳;唼喋荷荇,出入蒹葭,自顧菲薄,愧爾嘉祥。」 二二、送葬用珠襦玉匣 漢帝送死,皆珠襦玉匣。匣形如鎧甲,連以金縷。武帝匣上皆鏤為蛟、龍、鸞、鳳、龜 、麟之象,世謂為蛟龍玉匣。 二三、三雲殿 成帝設雲帳、雲幄、雲幕於甘泉紫殿,世謂三雲殿。 二四、掖庭 漢掖庭有月影臺、雲光殿、九華殿、鳴鸞殿、開襟閣、臨池觀,不在簿籍,皆繁華窈窕 之所棲宿焉。 二五、昭陽殿 趙飛燕女弟居昭陽殿,中庭彤朱,而殿上丹漆,砌皆銅沓,黃金塗,白玉階,壁帶往往 為黃金釭,含藍田璧,明珠、翠羽飾之。上設九金龍,皆銜九子金鈴,五色流蘇。帶以 綠文紫綬,金銀花鑷。每好風日,幡旄光影,照耀一殿;鈴鑷之聲,驚動左右。中設木 畫屏風,文如蜘蛛絲縷。玉几玉床,白象牙簟,綠熊席。席毛長二尺餘,人眠而擁毛自 蔽,望之不能見,坐則沒膝,其中雜熏諸香,一坐此席,餘香百日不歇。有四玉鎮,皆 達照無瑕缺。窗扉多是綠琉璃,亦皆達照,毛髮不得藏焉。椽桷皆刻作龍蛇,縈繞其間 ,鱗甲分明,見者莫不兢慄。匠人丁緩、李菊,巧為天下第一。締構既成,向其姊子樊 延年說之,而外人稀知,莫能傳者。 二六、珊瑚高丈二 積草池中有珊瑚樹,高一丈二尺,一本三柯,上有四百六十二條。是南越王趙佗所獻, 號為烽火樹。至夜,光景常欲燃。 二七、玉魚動蕩 昆明池刻玉石為鯨魚,每至雷雨,魚常鳴吼,鬐尾皆動。漢世祭之以祈雨,往往有驗。 二八、上林名果異木 初修上林苑,群臣遠方,各獻名果異樹,亦有製為美名,以摽奇麗者。梨十:紫梨、青 梨(實大。)、芳梨(實小。)、大谷梨、細葉梨、縹葉梨、金葉梨(出琅琊王野家, 太守王唐所獻。)、瀚海梨(出瀚海北,耐寒不枯。)、東王梨(出海中。)、紫條梨。 棗七:弱枝棗、玉門棗、棠棗、青華棗、梬棗、赤心棗、西王母棗(出崑崙山。)。栗 四:侯栗、榛栗、瑰栗、嶧陽栗(嶧陽都尉曹龍所獻,大如拳。)。桃十:秦桃、榹 桃、緗核桃、金城桃、綺葉桃、紫文桃、霜下桃(霜下可食。)、胡桃(出西域。) 、櫻桃、含桃。李十五:紫李、綠李、朱李、黃李、青綺李、青房李、同心李、車下 李、含枝李、金枝李、顏淵李(出魯。)、羌李、燕李、蠻李、侯李。柰三:白柰、 紫柰(花紫色。)、綠柰(花綠色。)。查三:蠻查、羌查、猴查。椑三:青椑、赤 葉椑、烏椑。棠四:赤棠、白棠、青棠、沙棠。梅七:朱梅、紫葉梅、紫華梅、同心 梅、麗枝梅、燕梅、猴梅。杏二:文杏(材有文采。)、蓬萊杏(東郡都尉于吉所獻 。一株花雜五色,六出,云是仙人所食。)。桐三:椅桐、梧桐、荊桐。林檎十株。 枇杷十株。橙十株。安石榴十株。楟十株。白銀樹十株。黃銀樹十株。槐六百四十株 。千年長生樹十株。萬年長生樹十株。扶老木十株。守宮槐十株。金明樹二十株。搖 風樹十株。鳴風樹十株。琉璃樹十株。池離樹十株。離婁樹十株。白俞、(左木右匋 )杜、(左木右匋)桂、蜀漆樹十株。栝十株。樅七株。楠四株。楔四株。楓四株。 余就上林令虞淵得朝臣所上木名二千餘種。鄰人石瓊就余求借,一皆遺棄。今以所記 憶,列於篇右。 二九、常滿燈 被中香爐 長安巧匠丁緩者,為常滿燈,七龍五鳳,雜以芙蓉蓮藕之奇。又作臥褥香爐,一名被 中香爐。本出房風,其法後絕,至緩始更為之。為機環,轉運四周,而爐底常平,可 置之被褥,故以為名。又作九層博山香爐,鏤為奇禽怪獸,窮諸靈異,皆自然運動。 又作七輪扇,連七輪,大皆徑丈,相連續,一人運之,滿堂寒顫。 三十、飛燕昭儀贈遺之侈 趙飛燕為皇后,其女弟在昭陽殿遺飛燕書曰:「今日嘉辰,貴姊懋膺洪冊,謹上襚三十 五條,以陳踊躍之心:金華紫輪帽。金華紫輪面衣。織成上襦。織成下裳。五色文綬。 鴛鴦襦。鴛鴦被。鴛鴦褥。金錯繡襠。七寶綦履。五色文玉環。同心七寶釵。黃金步搖 。合歡圓璫。琥珀枕。龜文枕。珊瑚玦。馬腦彄。雲母扇。孔雀扇。翠羽扇。九華扇。 五明扇。雲母屏風。琉璃屏風。五層金博山香爐。迴風扇。椰葉席。同心梅。含枝李。 青木香。沈水香。香螺巵(出南海,一名丹螺。)。九真雄麝香。七枝燈。 三一、寵擅後宮 趙后體輕腰弱,善行步進退,女弟昭儀不能及也。但昭儀弱骨豐肌,尤工笑語。二人並 色如紅玉,為當時第一,皆擅寵後宮。 第二卷 三二、畫工棄市 元帝後宮既多,不得常見,乃使畫工圖形,案圖召幸之。諸宮人皆賂畫工,多者十萬, 少者亦不減五萬。獨王嬙不肯,遂不得見。匈奴入朝求美人為閼氏,於是上案圖,以昭 君行。及去,召見,貌為後宮第一,善應對,舉止閑雅。帝悔之,而名籍已定,帝重信 於外國,故不復更人。乃窮案其事,畫工皆棄市,籍其家,資皆巨萬。畫工有杜陵毛延 壽,為人形,醜好老少,必得其真。安陵陳敞,新豐劉白、龔寬,並工為牛馬飛鳥,亦 肖人形,好醜不逮延壽。下杜陽望亦善畫,尤善布色。樊育亦善布色。同日棄市。京師 畫工,於是差稀。 三三、東方朔設奇救乳母 武帝欲殺乳母,乳母告急於東方朔。朔曰:「帝忍而愎,旁人言之,益死之速耳。汝臨 去,但屢顧我,我當設奇以激之。」乳母如言。朔在帝側曰:「汝宜速去。帝今已大, 豈念汝乳哺時恩邪?」帝愴然,遂捨之。 三四、五侯鯖 五侯不相能,賓客不得來往。婁護豐辯,傳食五侯間,各得其歡心,競致奇膳。護乃合 以為鯖,世稱五侯鯖,以為奇味焉。 三五、公孫弘粟飯布被 公孫弘起家徒步,為丞相,故人高賀從之。弘食以脫粟飯,覆以布被,賀怨曰:「何用 故人富貴為?脫粟布被,我自有之。」弘大慚。賀告人曰:「公孫弘內服貂蟬,外衣麻 枲,內廚五鼎,外膳一餚,豈可以示天下?」於是朝廷疑其矯焉。弘嘆曰:「寧逢惡賓 ,無逢故人。」 三六、文帝良馬九乘 文帝自代還,有良馬九匹,皆天下之駿馬也。一名浮雲,一名赤電,一名絕群,一名逸 驃,一名紫燕騮,一名綠螭驄,一名龍子,一名麟駒,一名絕塵,號為九逸。有來宣能 御,代王號為王良,俱還代邸。 三七、武帝馬飾之盛 武帝時,身毒國獻連環羈,皆以白玉作之,馬瑙石為勒,白光琉璃為鞍。鞍在暗室中, 常照十餘丈,如晝日。自是長安始盛飾鞍馬,競加雕鏤。或一馬之飾直百金,皆以南海 白蜃為珂,紫金為華,以飾其上。猶以不鳴為患,或加以鈴鑷,飾以流蘇,走則如撞鐘 磬,動若飛幡葆。後得貳師天馬,帝以玫瑰石為鞍,鏤以金銀鍮石,以綠地五色錦為蔽 泥,後稍以熊羆皮為之。熊羆毛有綠光,皆長二尺者,直百金。卓王孫有百餘雙,詔使 獻二十枚。 三八、茂陵寶劍 昭帝時,茂陵家人獻寶劍,上銘曰:「直千金,壽萬歲。」 三九、相如死渴 司馬相如初與卓文君還成都,居貧愁懣,以所著鷫鸘裘就市人陽昌貰酒,與文君為歡。 既而,文君抱頸而泣曰:「我平生富足,今乃以衣裘貰酒。」遂相與謀,於成都賣酒。 相如親著犢鼻褌滌器,以恥王孫。王孫果以為病,乃厚給文君。文君遂為富人。文君姣 好,眉色如望遠山,臉際常若芙蓉,肌膚柔滑如脂。十七而寡,為人放誕風流,故悅長 卿之才而越禮焉。長卿素有消渴疾,及還成都,悅文君之色,遂以發痼疾。乃作《美人 賦》,欲以自刺,而終不能改,卒以此疾至死。文君為誄,傳於世。 四十、趙后淫亂 慶安世年十五,為成帝侍郎,善鼓琴,能為《雙鳳》、《離鸞》之曲。趙后悅之,白上 ,得出入御內,絕見愛幸。常著輕絲履,招風扇,紫綈裘,與后同居處。欲有子,而終 無胤嗣。趙后自以無子,常託以祈禱,別開一室,自左右侍婢以外,莫得至者,上亦不 得至焉。以軿車載輕薄少年,為女子服,入後宮者,日以十數,與之淫通,無時休息。 有疲怠者,輒差代之,而卒無子。 四一、作新豐移舊社 太上皇徙長安,居深宮,悽愴不樂。高祖竊因左右問其故,以平生所好,皆屠販少年, 酤酒賣餅,鬥雞蹴踘,以此為歡,今皆無此,故以不樂。高祖乃作新豐,移諸故人實之 ,太上皇乃悅。故新豐多無賴,無衣冠子弟故也。高祖少時,常祭枌榆之社。及移新豐 ,亦還立焉。高帝既作新豐,並移舊社,衢巷棟宇,物色惟舊。士女老幼,相攜路首, 各知其室。放犬羊雞鴨於通塗,亦競識其家。其匠人胡寬所營也。移者皆悅其似而德之 ,故競加賞贈,月餘,致累百金。 四二、陵寢風簾 漢諸陵寢,皆以竹為簾,簾皆為水紋及龍鳳之像。昭陽殿織珠為簾,風至則鳴,如珩珮 之聲。 四三、揚雄夢鳳作《太玄》 揚雄讀書,有人語之曰:「無為自苦,《玄》故難傳。」忽然不見。雄著《太玄經》, 夢吐鳳凰,集《玄》之上,頃之而滅。 四四、百日成賦 司馬相如為《上林》、《子虛》賦,意思蕭散,不復與外事相關,控引天地,錯綜古今 ,忽然如睡,煥然而興,幾百日而後成。其友人盛覽,字長通,牂牁名士,嘗問以作賦 。相如曰:「合綦組以成文,列錦繡而為質。一經一緯,一宮一商,此賦之跡也。賦家 之心,苞括宇宙,總覽人物,斯乃得之於內,不可得而傳。」覽乃作《合組歌》、《列 錦賦》而退,終身不復敢言作賦之心矣。 四五、仲舒夢龍作《繁露》 董仲舒夢蛟龍入懷,乃作《春秋繁露》詞。 四六、讀千賦乃能作賦 或問揚雄為賦,雄曰:「讀千首賦,乃能為之。」 四七、聞《詩》解頤 匡衡,字稚圭,勤學而無燭。鄰舍有燭而不逮,衡乃穿壁引其光,以書映光而讀之。邑 人大姓,文不識,家富多書,衡乃與其傭作,而不求償。主人怪,問衡,衡曰:「願得 主人書遍讀之。」主人感嘆,資給以書,遂成大學。衡能說《詩》,時人為之語曰:「 無說《詩》,匡鼎來;匡說《詩》,解人頤。」鼎,衡小名也。時人畏服之如是,聞者 皆解頤歡笑。衡邑人有言《詩》者,衡從之,與語質疑,邑人挫服,倒屣而去。衡追之 曰:「先生留聽,更理前論。」邑人曰:「窮矣!」遂去不返。 四八、惠生嘆息 長安有儒生曰惠莊,聞朱雲折五鹿充宗之角,乃嘆息曰:「繭栗犢反能爾邪?吾終恥溺 死溝中。」遂裹糧從雲。雲與言,莊不能對,逡巡而去,拊心謂人曰:「吾口不能劇談 ,而此中多有。」 四九、搔頭用玉 武帝過李夫人,就取玉簪搔頭。自此後宮人搔頭皆用玉,玉價倍貴焉。 五十、精弈棋裨聖教 杜陵杜夫子善弈棋,為天下第一。人或譏其費日,夫子曰:「精其理者,足以大裨聖教 。」 五一、彈棋代蹴踘 成帝好蹴踘,群臣以蹴踘為勞體,非至尊所宜。帝曰:「朕好之,可擇似而不勞者奏之 。」家君作彈棋以獻,帝大悅,賜青羔裘、紫絲履,服以朝覲。 五二、雪深五尺 元封二年,大寒,雪深五尺,野鳥獸皆死,牛馬皆蜷縮如蝟,三輔人民凍死者十有二三 。 五三、四寶宮 武帝為七寶床、雜寶桉、廁寶屏風、列寶帳,設於桂宮,時人謂之四寶宮。 五四、河決龍蛇噴沫 瓠子河決,有蛟龍從九子,自決中逆上入河,噴沫流波數十里。 五五、百日雨 文帝初,多雨,積霖百日而止。 五六、五日子欲不舉 王鳳以五月五日生,其父欲不舉,曰:「俗諺:『舉五日子,長及戶則自害,不則害其 父母。』」其叔父曰:「昔田文以此日生,其父嬰勑其母曰:『勿舉!』其母竊舉之。 後為孟嘗君,號其母為薛公大家。以古事推之,非不祥也。」遂舉之。 五七、雷火燃木得蛟龍骨 惠帝七年夏,雷震南山,大木數千株,皆火燃至末。其下數十畝地,草皆焦黃。其後百 許日,家人就其間得龍骨一具,鮫骨二具。 五八、酒脯之應 高祖為泗水亭長,送徒驪山,將與故人訣去。徒卒贈高祖酒二壺,鹿肝、牛肝各一。高 祖與樂從者飲酒食而去。後即帝位,朝晡尚食,常具此二炙,並酒二壺。 五九、梁孝王宮囿 梁孝王好營宮室苑囿之樂,作曜華宮,築兔園。園上有百靈山,山有膚寸石、落猿巖、 棲龍岫。又有雁池,池間有鶴洲鳧渚。其諸宮觀相連,延亙數十里,奇果異樹、瑰禽怪 獸畢備。王日與宮人賓客,弋釣其中。 六十、魯恭王禽鬥 魯恭王好鬥雞鴨及鵝雁,養孔雀、鵁鶄,俸穀一年費二千石。 六一、流黃簟 會稽歲時獻竹簟供御,世號為流黃簟。 六二、買臣假歸 朱買臣為會稽太守,懷章綬,還至舍亭,而國人未知也。所知錢勃,見其暴露,乃勞之 曰:「得無罷乎?」遺與紈扇。買臣至郡,引為上客,尋遷為掾史。 第三卷 六三、籙術制蛇御虎 余所知有鞠道龍,善為幻術,向余說古時事:有東海人黃公,少時為術,能制蛇御虎, 佩赤金刀,以絳繒束髮,立興雲霧,坐成山河。及衰老,氣力羸憊,飲酒過度,不能復 行其術。秦末,有白虎見於東海,黃公乃以赤刀往厭之。術既不行,遂為虎所殺。三輔 人俗用以為戲,漢帝亦取以為角抵之戲焉。 六四、淮南與方士俱去 又說:淮南王好方士,方士皆以術見,遂有畫地成江河,撮土為山巖,噓吸為寒暑,噴 嗽為雨霧。王亦卒與諸方士俱去。 六五、揚子雲載輶軒作《方言》 揚子雲好事,常懷鉛提槧,從諸計吏,訪殊方絕域四方之語,以為裨補《輶軒》所載, 亦洪意也。 六六、鄧通錢文侔天子 文帝時,鄧通得賜蜀銅山,聽得鑄錢,文字肉好,皆與天子錢同,故富侔人主。時吳王 亦有銅山鑄錢,故有吳錢,微重,文字肉好,與漢錢不異。 六七、儉葬反奢 楊貴,字王孫,京兆人也。生時厚自奉養,死卒裸葬於終南山。其子孫掘土鑿石,深七 尺而下尸,上復蓋之以石,欲儉而反奢也。 六八、介子棄觚 傅介子年十四,好學書,嘗棄觚而嘆曰:「大丈夫當立功絕域,何能坐事散儒!」後卒 斬匈奴使者,還拜中郎。復斬樓蘭王首,封義陽侯。 六九、曹敞收葬 余少時,聞平陵曹敞在吳章門下,往往好斥人過,或以為輕薄,世人皆以為然。章後為 王莽所殺,人無有敢收葬者。弟子皆更易姓名,以從他師。敞時為司徒掾,獨稱吳門弟 子,收葬其尸,方知亮直者不見容於冗輩中矣。平陵人生為立碑於吳章墓側,在龍首山 南幕嶺上。 七十、文帝思賢館 文帝為太子,立思賢苑以招賓客。苑中有堂隍六所,客館皆廣廡高軒,屏風幃褥甚麗。 七一、廣陵死力 廣陵王胥有勇力,常於別囿學格熊。後遂能空手搏之,莫不絕脰。後為獸所傷,陷腦而 死。 七二、辨《爾雅》 郭威,字文偉,茂陵人也。好讀書,以謂《爾雅》周公所制,而《爾雅》有「張仲孝友 」,張仲,宣王時人,非周公之制,明矣。余嘗以問揚子雲,子雲曰:「孔子門徒游、 夏之儔所記,以解釋六藝者也。」家君以為:「《外戚傳》稱『史佚教其子以《爾雅》 』,《爾雅》,小學也。」又《記》言:「孔子教魯哀公學《爾雅》。」《爾雅》之出 遠矣。舊傳學者,皆云周公所制也。「張仲孝友」之類,後人所足耳。 七三、袁廣漢園林之侈 茂陵富人袁廣漢,藏鏹巨萬,家僮八九百人。於北邙山下築園,東西四里,南北五里, 激流水注其內。構石為山,高十餘丈,連延數里。養白鸚鵡、紫鴛鴛、牦牛、青兕,奇 獸怪禽,委積其間。積沙為洲嶼,激水為波潮,其中致江鷗海鶴、孕雛產鷇,延漫林池 。奇樹異草,靡不具植。屋皆徘徊連屬,重閣修廊,行之,移晷不能遍也。廣漢後有罪 誅,沒入官園,鳥獸草木,皆移植上林苑中。 七四、五柞宮石騏驎 五柞宮有五柞樹,皆連三抱,上枝蔭覆數十畝。其宮西有青梧觀,觀前有三梧桐樹。樹 下有石騏驎二枚,刊其脅為文字,是秦始皇驪山墓上物也。頭高一丈三尺。東邊者前左 腳折,折處有赤如血。父老謂其有神,皆含血屬筋焉。 七五、咸陽宮異物 高祖初入咸陽宮,周行庫府,金玉珍寶,不可稱言。其尤驚異者,有青玉五枝燈,高七 尺五寸,下作蟠螭,以口銜燈,燈燃,鱗甲皆動,煥炳若列星而盈室焉。復鑄銅人十二 枚,坐皆高三尺,列於一筵上,琴筑笙竽,各有所執,皆綴花彩,儼若生人。筵下有二 銅管,上口高數尺,出筵後。其一管空,一管內有繩,大如指,使一人吹空管,一人紐 繩,則眾樂皆作,與真樂不異焉。有琴長六尺,安十三絃,二十六徽,皆用七寶飾之, 銘曰「璠璵之樂」。玉管長二尺三寸,二十六孔,吹之則見車馬山林,隱轔相次,吹息 ,亦不復見。銘曰「昭華之琯」。有方鏡,廣四尺,高五尺九寸,表裏有明,人直來照 之,影則倒見。以手捫心而來,則見腸胃五臟,歷然無礙。人有疾病在內,則掩心而照 之,則知病之所在。又女子有邪心,則膽張心動。秦始皇常以照宮人,膽張心動者則殺 之。高祖悉封閉以待項羽,羽併將以東,後不知所在。 七六、鮫魚 荔枝 尉陀獻高祖鮫魚、荔枝,高祖報以蒲桃錦四匹。 七七、戚夫人侍兒言宮中樂事 戚夫人侍兒賈佩蘭,後出為扶風人段儒妻。說在宮內時,見戚夫人侍高帝,嘗以趙王如 意為言,而高祖思之,幾半日不言,嘆息悽愴,而未知其術,輒使夫人擊筑,高祖歌《 大風詩》以和之。又說在宮內時,嘗以絃管歌舞相歡娛,競為妖服,以趣良時。十月十 五日,共入靈女廟,以豚黍樂神,吹笛擊筑,歌《上靈》之曲。既而相與連臂,踏地為 節,歌《赤鳳凰來》。至七月七日,臨百子池,作于闐樂。樂畢,以五色縷相羈,謂為 相連受。八月四日,出雕房北戶,竹下圍棋,勝者終年有福,負者終年疾病,取絲縷, 就北辰星求長命乃免。九月九日,佩茱萸,食蓬餌,飲菊華酒,令人長壽。菊華舒時, 並採莖葉,雜黍米釀之,至來年九月九日始熟,就飲焉,故謂之菊華酒。正月上辰,出 池邊盥濯,食蓬餌,以祓妖邪。三月上巳,張樂於流水。如此終歲焉。戚夫人死,侍兒 皆復為民妻也。 七八、何武葬北邙 何武葬北邙山薄龍坂,王嘉冢東北一里。 七九、生作葬文 杜子夏葬長安北四里,臨終作文曰:「魏郡杜鄴,立志忠款,犬馬未陳,奄先草露。骨 肉歸於后土,氣魂無所不之。何必故丘,然後即化。封於長安北郭,此焉宴息。」及死 ,命刊石,埋於墓側。墓前種松柏樹五株,至今茂盛。 八十、淮南《鴻烈》 淮南王安著《鴻烈》二十一篇。鴻,大也;烈,明也;言大明禮教。號為《淮南子》, 一曰《劉安子》。自云「字中皆挾風霜」,揚子雲以為一出一入。 八一、《公孫子》 公孫弘著《公孫子》,言刑名事,亦謂字值百金。 八二、長卿賦有天才 司馬長卿賦,時人皆稱典而麗,雖詩人之作,不能加也。揚子雲曰:「長卿賦不似從人 間來,其神化所至邪?」子雲學相如為賦而弗逮,故雅服焉。 八三、賦假相如 長安有慶虯之,亦善為賦,嘗為《清思賦》,時人不之貴也,乃託以相如所作,遂大見 重於世。 八四、《大人賦》 相如將獻賦,未知所為。夢一黃衣翁謂之曰:「可為《大人賦》。」遂作《大人賦》, 言神仙之事以獻之,賜錦四匹。 八五、《白頭吟》 相如將聘茂陵人女為妾,卓文君作《白頭吟》以自絕,相如乃止。 八六、樊噲問瑞應 樊將軍噲問陸賈曰:「自古人君皆云受命於天,云有瑞應,豈有是乎?」賈應之曰:「 有之。夫目閏得酒食,燈火華得錢財,乾鵲噪而行人至,蜘蛛集而百事喜。小既有徵, 大亦宜然。故目閏則咒之,火華則拜之,乾鵲噪則餧之,蜘蛛集則放之。況天下大寶, 人君重位,非天命何以得之哉?瑞者,寶也,信也。天以寶為信,應人之德,故曰瑞應 。無天命,無寶信,不可以力取也。」 八七、霍妻雙生 霍將軍妻一產二子,疑所為兄弟。或曰:「前生者為兄,後生者為弟。今雖俱日,亦宜 以先生為兄。」或曰:「居上者宜為兄,居下宜為弟。居下者前生,今宜以前生為弟。 」時霍光聞之,曰:「昔殷王祖甲一產二子,曰嚚,曰良。以卯日生嚚,以巳日生良, 則以嚚為兄,以良為弟。若以在上者為兄,嚚亦當為弟。昔許釐莊公一產二女,曰妖, 曰茂。楚大夫唐勒一產二子,一男一女,男曰貞夫,女曰瓊華。皆以先生為長。近代鄭 昌時、文長蒨,並生二男,滕公一生二女,李黎生一男一女,並以前生者為長。」霍氏 亦以前生為兄焉。 八八、文章遲速 枚臯文章敏疾,長卿制作淹遲,皆盡一時之譽。而長卿首尾溫麗,枚臯時有累句,故知 疾行無善跡矣。揚子雲曰:「軍旅之際,戎馬之間,飛書馳檄,用枚臯;廊廟之下,朝 廷之中,高文典冊,用相如。」 第四卷 八九、真算知死 安定嵩真,玄菟曹元理,並明算術,皆成帝時人。真嘗自算其年壽七十三,綏和元年正 月二十五日晡時死,書其壁以記之。至二十四日晡時死。其妻曰:「見真算時,長下一 算,欲以告之,慮脫真旨,故不敢言,今果校一日。」真又曰:「北邙青隴上,孤檟之 西四丈所,鑿之入七尺,吾欲葬此地。」及真死,依言往掘,得古時空槨,即以葬焉。 九十、曹算窮物 元理嘗從其友人陳廣漢,廣漢曰:「吾有二囷米,忘其石數,子為計之。」元理以食箸 十餘轉,曰:「東囷七百四十九石二升七合。」又十餘轉,曰:「西囷六百九十七石八 斗。」遂大署囷門,後出米,西囷六百九十七石七斗九升,中有一鼠,大堪一升;東囷 不差圭合。元理後歲復過廣漢,廣漢以米數告之,元理以手擊床曰:「遂不知鼠之殊米 ,不如剝面皮矣!」廣漢為之取酒,鹿脯數片,元理復算,曰:「藷蔗二十五區,應收 一千五百三十六枚。蹲鴟三十七畝,應收六百七十三石。千牛產二百犢,萬雞將五萬雛 。」羊豕鵝鴨,皆道其數,果蓏肴蔌,悉知其所,乃曰:「此資業之廣,何供饋之偏邪 ?」廣漢慚曰:「有倉卒客,無倉卒主人。」元理曰:「俎上蒸豚一頭,廚中荔枝一柈 ,皆可為設。」廣漢再拜謝罪,自入取之,盡日為歡。其術後傳南季,南季傳項瑫,瑫 傳子陸,皆得其分數,而失玄妙焉。 九一、因獻命名 衛將軍青生子,或有獻騧馬者,乃命其子曰騧,字叔馬。其後改為登,字叔昇。 九二、董賢寵遇過盛 哀帝為董賢起大第於北闕下,重五殿,洞六門,柱壁皆畫雲氣華蘤,山靈水怪,或衣以 綈錦,或飾以金玉。南門三重,署曰南中門、南上門、南便門。東西各三門,隨方面題 署亦如之。樓閣臺榭,轉相連注,山池玩好,窮盡雕麗。 九三、三館待賓 平津侯自以布衣為宰相,乃開東閣,營客館,以招天下之士。其一曰欽賢館,以待大賢 ;次曰翹材館,以待大才;次曰接士館,以待國士。其有德任毗贊、佐理陰陽者,處欽 賢之館。其有才堪九列、將軍二千石者,居翹材之館。其有一介之善、一方之藝,居接 士之館。而躬自菲薄、所得俸祿,以奉待之。 九四、閩越鷴蜜 閩越王獻高帝石蜜五斛,蜜燭二百枚,白鷴、黑鷴各一雙。高帝大悅,厚報遣其使。 九五、滕公葬地 滕公駕至東都門,馬鳴,跼不肯前,以足跑地久之。滕公使士卒掘馬所跑地,入三尺所, 得石槨。滕公以燭照之,有銘焉。乃以水寫其文,文字皆古異,左右莫能知。以問叔孫通 ,通曰:「科斗書也。以今文寫之,曰:『佳城鬱鬱,三千年見白日。吁嗟滕公居此室。 』」滕公曰:「嗟乎,天也!吾死其即安此乎?」死遂葬焉。 九六、韓嫣金彈 韓嫣好彈,常以金為丸,所失者日有十餘。長安為之語曰:「苦飢寒,逐金丸。」京師兒 童每聞嫣出彈,輒隨之,望丸之所落,輒拾焉。 九七、司馬良史 司馬遷發憤作《史記》百三十篇,先達稱為良史之才。其以伯夷居列傳之首,以為善而無 報也;為《項羽本紀》,以踞高位者非關有德也。及其序屈原、賈誼,辭旨抑揚,悲而不 傷,亦近代之偉才也。 九八、梁孝王忘憂館時豪七賦 梁孝王遊於忘憂之館,集諸遊士,各使為賦。 枚乘為《柳賦》,其辭曰:「忘憂之館,垂條之木。枝逶遲而含紫,葉萋萋而吐綠。出入 風雲,去來羽族。既上下而好音,亦黃衣而絳足。蜩螗厲響,蜘蛛吐絲。階草漠漠,白日 遲遲。于嗟細柳,流亂輕絲。君王淵穆其度,御群英而玩之。小臣瞽聵,與此陳詞。于嗟 樂兮!於是罇盈縹玉之酒,爵獻金漿之醪。(梁人作藷蔗酒,名金漿。)庶羞千族,盈滿 六庖。弱絲清管,與風霜而共雕。鎗鍠啾唧,蕭條寂寥。雋乂英旄,列襟聯袍。小臣莫效 於鴻毛,空銜鮮而嗽醪。雖復河清海竭,終無增景於邊撩。」 路喬如為《鶴賦》,其辭曰:「白鳥朱冠,鼓翼池干。舉修距而躍躍,奮皓翅之䎒䎒。宛修 頸而顧步,啄沙磧而相歡。豈忘赤霄之上,忽池籞而盤桓。飲清流而不舉,食稻粱而未安 。故知野禽野性,未脫籠樊。賴吾王之廣愛,雖禽鳥兮抱恩。方騰驤而鳴舞,憑朱檻而為 歡。」 公孫詭為《文鹿賦》,其詞曰:「麀鹿濯濯,來我槐庭。食我槐葉,懷我德聲。質如緗縟 ,文如素綦。呦呦相召,《小雅》之詩。歎丘山之比歲,逢梁王於一時。」 鄒陽為《酒賦》,其詞曰:「清者為酒,濁者為醴;清者聖明,濁者頑騃。皆麴湒丘之麥 ,釀野田之米。倉風莫預,方金未啟。嗟同物而異味,嘆殊才而共侍。流光醳醳,甘滋泥 泥。醪釀既成,綠瓷既啟。且筐且漉,載篘載齊。庶民以為歡,君子以為禮。其品類,則 沙洛淥酃,程鄉若下,高公之清。關中白薄,青渚縈停。凝醳醇酎,千日一醒。哲王臨國 ,綽矣多暇。召皤皤之臣,聚肅肅之賓。安廣坐,列雕屏,綃綺為席,犀璩為鎮。曳長裾 ,飛廣袖,奮長纓。英偉之士,莞爾而即之。君王憑玉几,倚玉屏。舉手一勞,四座之士 ,皆若哺粱肉焉。乃縱酒作倡,傾碗覆觴。右曰宮申,旁亦徵揚。樂只之深,不吳不狂。 於是錫名餌,袪夕醉,遣朝酲。吾君壽億萬歲,常與日月爭光。」 公孫乘為《月賦》,其辭曰:「月出皦兮,君子之光。鵾雞舞於蘭渚,蟋蟀鳴於西堂。君 有禮樂,我有衣裳。猗嗟明月,當心而出。隱員巖而似鉤,蔽修堞而分鏡。既少進以增輝 ,遂臨庭而高映。炎日匪明,皓璧非淨。躔度運行,陰陽以正。文林辯囿,小臣不佞。」 羊勝為《屏風賦》,其辭曰:「屏風鞈匝,蔽我君王。重葩累繡,沓璧連璋。飾以文錦, 映以流黃。畫以古列,顒顒卬卬。藩后宜之,壽考無疆。」 韓安國作《几賦》不成,鄒陽代作,其辭曰:「高樹凌雲,蟠䊸煩冤,旁生附枝。王爾公 輸之徒,荷斧斤,援葛虆,攀喬枝。上不測之絕頂,伐之以歸。眇者督直,聾者磨礱。 齊貢金斧,楚入名工,迺成斯几。離奇仿佛,似龍盤馬迴,鳳去鸞歸。君王憑之,聖德 日躋。」鄒陽、安國罰酒三升,賜枚乘、路喬如絹,人五匹。 九九、五侯進王 梁孝王入朝,與上為家人之宴。乃問王諸子,王頓首謝曰:「有五男。」即拜為列侯, 賜與衣裳器服。王薨,又分梁國為五,進五侯皆為王。 一百、河間王客館 河間王德築日華宮,置客館二十餘區,以待學士。自奉養不逾賓客。 一百零一、年少未可冠婚 梁孝王子賈從朝,年幼,竇太后欲強冠婚之。上謂王曰:「兒堪冠矣。」王頓首謝曰: 「臣聞《禮》二十而冠,冠而字,字以表德。自非顯才高行,安可強冠之哉?」帝曰: 「兒堪冠矣。」餘日,帝又曰:「兒堪室矣。」王頓首謝曰:「臣聞《禮》三十壯有室 。兒年蒙悼,未有人父之端,安可強室之哉?」帝曰:「兒堪室矣。」餘日,賈朝至閫 而遺其舄,帝曰:「兒真幼矣。」白太后未可冠婚之。 一百零二、勁超高屏 江都王勁捷,能超七尺屏風。 一百零三、元后燕石文兆 元后在家,嘗有白燕銜白石,大如指,墜后績筐中。后取之,石自剖為二,其中有文曰 :「母天地」。后乃合之,遂復還合,乃寶錄焉。後為皇后,常并置璽笥中,謂為天璽 也。 一百零四、玉虎子 漢朝以玉為虎子,以為便器,使侍中執之,行幸以從。 一百零五、紫泥 中書以武都紫泥為璽室,加綠綈其上。 一百零六、日射百雉 茂陵文固陽,本琅琊人,善馴野雉為媒,用以射雉。每以三春之月,為茅障以自翳,用 觟矢以射之,日連百數。茂陵輕薄者化之,皆以雜寶錯廁翳障,以青州蘆葦為弩矢,輕 騎妖服,追隨於道路,以為歡娛也。陽死,其子亦善其事,董司馬好之,以為上客。 一百零七、鷹犬起石 茂陵少年李亨,好馳駿狗,逐狡獸,或以鷹鷂逐雉兔,皆為之佳名。狗則有修毫、釐睫 、白望、青曹之名,鷹則有青翅、黃眸、青冥、金距之屬,鷂則有從風鷂、孤飛鷂。楊 萬年有猛犬,名青駮,買之百金。 一百零八、長鳴雞 成帝時,交趾、越嶲獻長鳴雞,伺雞晨,即下漏驗之,晷刻無差,雞長鳴則一食頃不絕 ,長距善鬥。 一百零九、陸博術 許博昌,安陵人也,善陸博。竇嬰好之,常與居處。其術曰:「方畔揭道張,張畔揭道 方,張究屈玄高,高玄屈究張。」又曰:「張道揭畔方,方畔揭道張,張究屈玄高,高 玄屈究張。」三輔兒童皆誦之。法用六箸,或謂之究,以竹為之,長六分。或用二箸。 博昌又作《大博經》一篇,今世傳之。 一百一十、戰假將軍名 高祖與項羽戰於垓下,孔將軍居左,費將軍居右,皆假為名。 一百一十一、東方生 東方生善嘯,每曼聲長嘯,輒塵落帽。 一百一十二、古生雜術 京兆有古生者,學縱橫、揣摩、弄矢、搖丸、樗蒲之術。為都掾史四十餘年,善訑謾。 二千石隨以諧謔,皆握其權要,而得其歡心。趙廣漢為京兆尹,下車而黜之,終于家。 京師至今俳戲皆稱古掾曹。 一百一十三、婁敬不易旃衣 婁敬始因虞將軍請見高祖,衣旃衣,披羊裘。虞將軍脫其身上衣服以衣之,敬曰:「 敬本衣帛,則衣帛見。敬本衣旃,則衣旃見。今捨旃褐,假鮮華,是矯常也。」不敢 脫羊裘,而衣旃衣以見高祖。 第五卷 一百一十四、母嗜雕胡 會稽人顧翱,少失父,事母至孝。母好食雕胡飯,常帥子女躬自採擷。還家,導水鑿 川,自種供養,每有嬴儲。家亦近太湖,湖中後自生雕胡,無復餘草,蟲鳥不敢至焉 ,遂得以為養。郡縣表其閭舍。 一百一十五、琴彈《單鵠寡鳧》 齊人劉道強,善彈琴,能作《單鵠寡鳧》之弄。聽者皆悲,不能自攝。 一百一十六、趙后寶琴 趙后有寶琴,曰「鳳凰」,皆以金玉隱起為龍鳳螭鸞、古賢列女之象。亦善為《歸風》 、《送遠》之操。 一百一十七、鄒長倩贈遺有道 公孫弘以元光五年為國士所推,上為賢良。國人鄒長倩以其家貧,少自資致,乃解衣 裳以衣之,釋所著冠履以與之,又贈以芻一束,素絲一襚,撲滿一枚,書題遺之曰:「 夫人無幽顯,道在則為尊。雖生芻之賤也,不能脫落君子,故贈君生芻一束。詩人所謂 『生芻一束,其人如玉』。五絲為䌰,倍䌰為升,倍升為 ,倍 為紀,倍紀為 ,倍為襚。 此自少之多,自微至著也。類士之立功勳,效名節,亦復如之,勿以小善不足修而不為 也。故贈君素絲一襚。撲滿者,以土為器,以蓄錢具,其有入竅而無出竅,滿則撲之。 土,粗物也;錢,重貨也。入而不出,積而不散,故撲之。士有聚歛而不能散者,將有 撲滿之敗,可不誡歟?故贈君撲滿一枚。猗嗟盛歟!山川阻修,加以風露。次卿足下, 勉作功名。竊在下風,以俟嘉譽。」(弘答爛敗不存。) 一百一十八、大駕騎乘數 漢朝輿駕祠甘泉汾陰,備千乘萬騎,太僕執轡,大將軍陪乘,名為大駕。司馬車駕四, 中道。辟惡車駕四,中道。記道車駕四,中道。靖室車駕四,中道。象車鼓吹十三人, 中道。式道侯二人,駕一。(左右一人。)長安都尉四人,騎。(左右各二人。)長安 亭長十人駕。(左右各五人。)長安令車駕三,中道。京兆掾史三人,駕一。(三分。 )京兆尹車駕四,中道。司隸部京兆從事,都部從事別駕一車。(三分。)司隸校尉駕 四,中道。廷尉駕四,中道。太僕、宗正引從事,駕四。(左右。)太常、光祿、衛尉 ,駕四。(三分。)太尉外部都督令史、賊曹屬、倉曹屬、戶曹屬、東曹掾、西曹掾, 駕一。(左右各三。)太尉駕四,中道。太尉舍人、祭酒,駕一。(左右。)司徒列從 ,如太尉王公騎。(令史持戟吏亦各八人,鼓吹一部。)中護軍騎,中道。(左右各三 行,戟楯、弓矢、鼓吹各一部。)步兵校尉、長水校尉,駕一。(左右。)隊百匹。( 左右。)騎隊十。(左右各五。)前軍將軍。(左右各二行,戟楯、刀楯、鼓吹各一部 ,七人。)射聲、翊軍校尉,駕三。(左右二行,戟楯、刀楯、鼓吹各一部,七人。) 驍騎將軍、游擊將軍,駕三。(左右二行,戟楯、刀楯、鼓吹各一部,七人。)黃門前 部鼓吹,左右各一部,十三人,駕四。前黃麾騎,中道。自此分為八校。(左四右四。 )護駕御史騎。(左右。)御史中丞駕一,中道。謁者僕射駕四。武剛車駕四,中道。 九斿車駕四,中道。雲罕車駕四,中道。皮軒車駕四,中道。闟戟車駕四,中道。鸞旗 車駕四,中道。建華車駕四,中道。(左右。)虎賁中郎將車駕二,中道。護駕尚書郎 三人,騎。(三分。)護駕尚書三,中道。相風烏車駕四,中道。自此分為十二校。( 左右各六。)殿中御史騎。(左右。)典兵中郎騎,中道。高華,中道。罼䍐。(左右。 )御馬。(三分。)節十六。(左八右八。)華蓋,中道。自此分為十六校。(左八右 八。)剛鼓,中道,金根車。自此分為二十校,滿道。左衛將軍,右衛將軍。華蓋。( 自此後糜爛不存。) 一百一十九、董仲舒天象 元光元年七月,京師雨雹。鮑敞問董仲舒曰:「雹何物也?何氣而生之?」仲舒曰:「 陰氣脅陽氣。天地之氣,陰陽相半,和氣周迴,朝夕不息。陽德用事,則和氣皆陽,建 巳之月是也,故謂之正陽之月。陰德用事,則和氣皆陰,建亥之月是也,故謂之正陰之 月。十月陰雖用事,而陰不孤立,此月純陰,疑於無陽,故謂之陽月,詩人所謂『日月 陽止』者也。四月陽雖用事,而陽不獨存,此月純陽,疑於無陰,故亦謂之陰月。自十 月已後,陽氣始生於地下,漸冉流散,故言息也,陰氣轉收,故言消也。日夜滋生,遂 至四月,純陽用事。自四月已後,陰氣始生於天上,漸冉流散,故云息也,陽氣轉收, 故言消也。日夜滋生,遂至十月,純陰用事。二月、八月,陰陽正等,無多少也。以此 推移,無有差慝。運動抑揚,更相動薄,則薰蒿歊蒸,而風雨雲霧、雷電雪雹生焉。氣 上薄為雨,下薄為霧,風其噫也,雲其氣也,雷其相擊之聲也,電其相擊之光也。二氣 之初蒸也,若有若無,若實若虛,若方若圓。攢聚相合,其體稍重,故雨乘虛而墜。風 多則合速,故雨大而疏。風少則合遲,故雨細而密。其寒月則雨凝於上,體尚輕微,而 因風相襲,故成雪焉。寒有高下,上暖下寒,則上合為大雨,下凝為冰霰雪是也。雹, 霰之流也,陰氣暴上,雨則凝結成雹焉。太平之世,則風不鳴條,開甲散萌而已;雨不 破塊,潤葉津莖而已;雷不驚人,號令啟發而已;電不眩目,宣示光耀而已;霧不寒望 ,浸淫被泊而已;雪不封條,凌殄毒害而已。雲則五色而為慶,三色而成矞;露則結味 而成甘,結潤而成膏。此聖人之在上,則陰陽和,風雨時也。政多紕繆,則陰陽不調。 風發屋,雨溢河,雪至牛目,電殺驢馬,此皆陰陽相蕩,而為祲沴之妖也。」敞曰:「 四月無陰,十月無陽,何以明陰不孤立,陽不獨存邪?」仲舒曰:「陰陽雖異,而所資 一氣也。陽用事,此則氣為陽;陰用事,此則氣為陰。陰陽之時雖異,而二體常存。猶 如一鼎之水,而未加火,純陰也;加火極熱,純陽也。純陽則無陰,息火水寒,則更陰 矣;純陰則無陽,加火水熱,則更陽矣。然則建巳之月為純陽,不容都無復陰也,但是 陽家用事,陽氣之極耳。薺夌枯,由陰殺也。建亥之月為純陰,不容都無復陽也,但是 陰家用事,陰氣之極耳。薺夌始生,由陽升也。其著者,葶藶死於盛夏,款冬華於嚴寒 ,水極陰而有溫泉,火至陽而有涼焰。故知陰不得無陽,陽不容都無陰也。」敞曰:「 冬雨必暖,夏雨必涼,何也?」曰:「冬氣多寒,陽氣自上躋,故人得其暖,而上蒸成 雪矣。夏氣多暖,陰氣自下昇,故人得其涼,而上蒸成雨矣。」敞曰:「雨既陰陽相蒸 ,四月純陽,十月純陰,斯則無二氣相薄,則不雨乎?」曰:「然則純陽純陰,雖在四 月十月,但月中之一日耳。」敞曰:「月中何日?」曰:「純陽用事,未夏至一日;純 陰用事,未冬至一日。朔旦、夏至、冬至,其正氣也。」敞曰:「然則未至一日,其不 雨乎?」曰:「然。頗有之,則妖也。和氣之中,自生災沴,能使陰陽改節,暖涼失度 。」敞曰:「災沴之氣,其常存邪?」曰:「無也,時生耳。猶乎人四支五臟,中也有 時,及其病也,四支五臟皆病也。」敞遷延負牆,俛揖而退。 一百二十、郭舍人投壺 武帝時,郭舍人善投壺,以竹為矢,不用棘也。古之投壺,取中而不求還,故實小豆於 中,惡其矢躍而出也。郭舍人則激矢令還,一矢百餘反,謂之為驍。言如博之掔梟於掌 中,為驍傑也。每為武帝投壺,輒賜金帛。 一百二十一、象牙簟 武帝以象牙為簟,賜李夫人。 一百二十二、賈誼《鵩鳥賦》 賈誼在長沙,鵩鳥集其承塵。長沙俗以鵩鳥至人家,主人死。誼作《鵩鳥賦》,齊死生, 等榮辱,以遣憂累焉。 一百二十三、金石感偏 李廣與兄弟共獵於冥山之北,見臥虎焉。射之,一矢即斃。斷其髑髏以為枕,示服猛也 。鑄銅象其形為溲器,示厭辱之也。他日,復獵於冥山之陽,又見臥虎,射之。沒矢飲 羽。進而視之,乃石也,其形類虎。退而更射,鏃破簳折而石不傷。余嘗以問楊子雲, 子雲曰:「至誠則金石為開。」余應之曰:「昔人有遊東海者,既而風惡,船漂不能制 ,船隨風浪,莫知所之。一日一夜,得至一孤洲,其侶歡然。下石植纜,登洲煮食。食 未熟而洲沒,在船者斫斷其纜,船復漂蕩。向者孤洲乃大魚,怒掉揚鬣,吸波吐浪而去 ,疾如風雲。在洲死者十餘人。又余所知陳縞,質木人也,入終南山採薪,還晚,趨舍 未至,見張丞相墓前石馬,謂為鹿也,即以斧撾之,斧缺柯折,石馬不傷。此二者亦至 誠也,卒有沈溺缺斧之事,何金石之所感偏乎?」子雲無以應余。 第六卷 一百二十四、《文木賦》 魯恭王得文木一枚,伐以為器,意甚玩之。中山王為賦曰:「麗木離披,生彼高崖。拂 天河而布葉,橫日路而擢枝。幼雛羸鷇,單雄寡鴜,紛紜翔集,嘈嗷鳴啼。載重雪而梢 勁風,將等歲於二儀。巧匠不識,王子見知。乃命班爾,載斧伐斯,隱若天崩,豁如地 裂。華葉分披,條枝摧折。既剝既刊,見其文章。或如龍盤虎踞,復似鸞集鳳翔。青緺 紫綬,環璧珪璋。重山累嶂,連波疊浪。奔電屯雲,薄霧濃雰。䴥宗驥旅,雞族雉群。 蠋繡鴦錦,蓮藻芰文。色比金而有裕,質參玉而無分。裁為用器,曲直舒卷。修竹映池 ,高松植巘。制為樂器,婉轉蟠䊸,鳳將九子,龍導五駒。制為屏風,鬱岪穹隆。制為杖 几,極麗窮美。制為枕案,文章璀璨,彪炳渙汗。製為盤盂,釆玩蜘躕。猗歟君子,其 樂只且。」恭王大悅,顧盼而笑,賜駿馬二匹。 一百二十五、廣川王發古冢 廣川王去疾,好聚亡賴少年,遊獵畢弋無度,國內冢藏,一皆發掘。余所知爰猛,說其 大父為廣川王中尉,每諫王不聽,病免歸家。說王所發掘冢墓不可勝數,其奇異者百數 焉。為余說十許事,今記之如左。 魏襄王冢,皆以文石為槨,高八尺許,廣狹容四十人。以手捫槨,滑液如新。中有石床 、石屏風,宛然周正。不見棺柩明器蹤跡,但床上有玉唾壺一枚、銅劍二枚。金玉雜具 ,皆如新物,王取服之。 哀王冢,以鐵灌其上,穿鑿三日乃開。有黃氣如霧,觸人鼻目,皆辛苦不可入。以兵守 之,七日乃歇。初至一戶,無扃鑰。石床方四尺,床上有石几,左右各三石人立侍,皆 武冠帶劍。復入一戶,石扉有關鑰,叩開,見棺柩,黑光照人,刀斫不入,燒鋸截之, 乃漆雜兕革為棺,厚數寸,累積十餘重,力不能開,乃止。復入一戶,亦石扉,開鑰得 石床,方七尺。石屏風銅帳鉤一具,或在床上,或在地下,似是帳糜朽,而銅鉤墮落床 上。石枕一枚,塵埃朏朏,甚高,似是衣服。床左右石婦人各二十,悉皆立侍,或有執 巾櫛鏡鑷之象,或有執盤奉食之形。無餘異物,但有鐵鏡數百枚。 魏王子且渠冢,甚淺狹,無棺柩,但有石床,廣六尺,長一丈,石屏風,床下悉是雲母 。床上兩屍,一男一女,皆年二十許,俱東首,裸臥無衣衾,肌膚顏色如生人,鬢髮齒 爪亦如生人。王畏懼之,不敢侵近,還擁閉如舊焉。 袁盎冢,以瓦為棺槨,器物都無,唯有銅鏡一枚。 晉靈公冢,甚瑰壯,四角皆以石為玃犬捧燭,石人男女四十餘,皆立侍,棺器無復形兆 ,屍猶不壞,孔竅中皆有金玉。其餘器物,皆朽爛不可別,唯玉蟾蜍一枚,大如拳,腹 空,容五合水,光潤如新,王取以盛書滴。 幽王冢,甚高壯,羨門既開,皆是石堊,撥除丈餘深,乃得雲母,深尺餘,見百餘屍, 縱橫相枕藉,皆不朽,唯一男子,餘皆女子,或坐或臥,亦猶有立者,衣服形色不異生 人。 欒書冢,棺柩明器朽爛無餘。有一白狐,見人驚走,左右遂擊之,不能得,傷其左腳。 其夕,王夢一丈夫,鬚眉盡白,來謂王曰:「何故傷吾左腳?」乃以杖叩王左腳。王覺 ,腳腫痛生瘡,至死不差。 一百二十六、太液池五舟 太液池中有鳴鶴舟、容與舟、清曠舟、採菱舟、越女舟。 一百二十七、孤樹池 太液池西有一池,名孤樹池。池中有洲,洲上煔樹一株,六十餘圍,望之重重如蓋,故 取為名。 一百二十八、昆明池舟數百 昆明池中有戈船、樓船各數百艘。樓船上建樓櫓,戈船上建戈矛,四角悉垂幡旄,旍葆 麾蓋,照灼涯涘。余少時猶憶見之。 一百二十九、玳瑁床 韓嫣以玳瑁為床。 一百三十、書太史公事 漢承周史官,至武帝置太史公,太史公司馬談,世為太史,子遷,年十三,使乘傳行天 下,求古諸侯史記,續孔子古文,序世事,作傳百三十卷,五十萬字。談死,子遷以世 官復為太史公,位在丞相下。天下上計,先上太史公,副上丞相。太史公序事如古《春 秋》法,司馬氏本古周史佚後也。作《景帝本紀》,極言其短及武帝之過,帝怒而削去 之。後坐舉李陵,陵降匈奴,下遷蠶室。有怨言,下獄死。宣帝以其官為令,行太史公 文書事而已,不復用其子孫。 一百三十一、皇太子官 皇太子官稱家臣,動作稱從。 一百三十二、兩秋胡曾參毛遂 杜陵秋胡者,能通《尚書》,善為古隸字,為翟公所禮,欲以兄女妻之。或曰:「秋胡 已經娶而失禮,妻遂溺死,不可妻也。」馳象曰:「昔魯人秋胡,娶妻三月而遊宦三年 ,休,還家,其婦採桑於郊,胡至郊而不識其妻也,見而悅之,乃遺黃金一鎰。妻曰: 『妾有夫,遊宦不返,幽閨獨處,三年于茲,未有被辱如今日也。』採不顧。胡慚而退 ,至家,問家人妻何在。曰:『行採桑於郊,未返。』既還,乃向所挑之婦也。夫妻並 慚。妻赴沂水而死。今之秋胡,非昔之秋胡也。昔魯有兩曾參,趙有兩毛遂。南曾參殺 人見捕,人以告北曾參母。野人毛遂墜井而死,客以告平原君,平原君曰:『嗟乎,天 喪予矣!』既而知野人毛遂,非平原君客也。豈得以昔之秋胡失禮,而絕婚今之秋胡哉 ?物固亦有似之而非者。玉之未理者為璞,死鼠未腊者亦為璞;月之旦為朔,車之輈亦 謂之朔,名齊實異,所宜辨也。」 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 西京雜記 *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. 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