The Project Gutenberg eBook of Ulf Van Yern, and Other Ballads This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. Title: Ulf Van Yern, and Other Ballads Translator: George Borrow Editor: Thomas James Wise Release date: December 4, 2008 [eBook #27405] Language: English Credits: Transcribed from the 1913 Thomas J. Wise pamphlet by David Price. Many thanks to Norfolk and Norwich Millennium Library, UK, for kindly supplying the images from which this transcription was made *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ULF VAN YERN, AND OTHER BALLADS *** Transcribed from the 1913 Thomas J. Wise pamphlet by David Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org. Many thanks to Norfolk and Norwich Millennium Library, UK, for kindly supplying the images from which this transcription was made. ULF VAN YERN AND OTHER BALLADS BY GEORGE BORROW LONDON: PRINTED FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION 1913 _Copyright in the United States of America_ _by Houghton_, _Mifflin & Co. for Clement Shorter_. ULF VAN YERN It was youthful Ulf Van Yern Goes before the King to stand: "To avenge my father's death Lend me warriors of thy band." "Of my kemps I'll lend thee them Who to follow thee consent; Ask'st thou Vidrik Verlandson Thou wilt further thy intent. "I will lend thee of my men, Thou shalt have the very flower; Vidrik, and stark Diderik, Many kemps have felt their power. "They are heroes strong and bold Who have battles often won; Feared are they in every land Where their names' renown has gone." In walked he, the good Dane King, Glittering like the morning star: "Which of ye, my Danish swains, Will attend my friend to war?" Stalked the King along the floor, Bore a gold cup in his hand: "Which of ye, my courtmen, will, Follow Wolf with shield and brand?" To their mouths their hats they held, None to answer him made haste, Save bold Vidrik Verlandson, Of them all he made a jest. It was Vidrik Verlandson Of his comrades made a sport: "Sure 'tis but to guzzle mead We are gathered here at court." Wrathful Diderik straight became, Frantic at that word he grew; Off he smote two warriors' heads, At the King's foot them he threw. Then spake Vidrik Verlandson, His whole thought on honor lies: "We'll dispatch our messenger And not go in stealthy guise." It was youthful Hammergray Hurried from the city gate; Every one on him that looked Lost his voice and colour straight. Hark away, young Hammergray, Gold is glittering on thy breast; Ne'er was found or hawk or hound Could with Hammer's speed contest. Pearls upon his bosom shone, Folks thereat astounded gaze: Fowl was none beneath the sun Could with youthful Hammer race. Swift into the King's high hill Bounded youthful Hammergray: He was nimble at the tongue, And could speak in gallant way. "King of Brattens Vendel, hail! And the rest that fill your hall; Ulf Van Yern to-morrow comes To avenge his father's fall." "Better had he be at home Tending sheep beneath the height, Better than a message send That he thither comes to fight. "Better had he crawl at home Like a worm the rock beneath, Than the war-like struggle dare Where his father sank in death. "He at home had better stay, Crouch and shake the bush below; One blow only stood his sire, He'll not stand me half a blow." "King of Brattens Vendel, hear, Keep your tongue behind your tooth; Quickly grows the young whelp up, Full of threatening fangs his mouth." "In the world no warrior wight Lives for whom I need to care, Save 'tis Vidrik Verlandson, And I trow he'll not be there." Answered then the Hammergray, Answered to the Monarch's fright: "It is Vidrik Verlandson Will our army lead in fight." Rose a Brattens Vendel kemp, And he shouted lustily: "Well, full well, I Vidrik know, Offspring of a blacksmith he. "Once was I at Birtingsborg As the kempions drank their fill, There he played a play which lives In my mind, and ever will. "Fifteen kemps to death he smote, And he deemed it but as game; Nigh at hand I gazing stood, Ashy pale my cheeks became." "Listen now, young Hammergray, Strongly I entreat of thee, If of Vidrik aught thou know, Not to keep it hid from me." "Sick in bed if Vidrik lay, Nor could sword nor buckler yield, Many a Danish swain you'd find Would await you in the field." Loudly answered then the King, Through his veins rushed courage warm: "I'll to-morrow, if I live, Meet ye in the battle's storm." From beside the King's right hand Rose a kemp, a stalwart one: "What care we for such like foes? Vidrik's but a blacksmith's son." It was the young Hammergray, At that word his wrath boiled o'er; Straight he smote the kempion dead, Dead he tumbled on the floor. Said the Monarch with a cry, While with rage his cheek grew white: "Why hast thou my bravest kemp Smit to death before my sight?" Thereto answered Hammergray, As the King he fiercely eyed: "I could ne'er with patience hear Verland's valiant son decried." Straight away rushed Hammergray, Soon he stood by Vidrik knight: "Whet your spears, and sharp your swords, For the King is bent on fight." All the mirky night they rode O'er the dusky heathery down, Still a light like that of day From their polished weapons shone. Over Birting's moor they rode, And through Birting's swamp in haste; Full seven hundred were the kemps, All in hard cuirasses cas'd. Towards Birting on they rode, Birting's city they rode through; Then they formed them in a ring, And made Vidrik chief anew. On the down their flag they pitched, Therein you a lion may spy; Now must many an innocent man Bid to life a long good-bye! Long they fought with sword and bow, Each essayed his best to do; From their brows burst ruddy sweat, From their bucklers fire out flew. It was then the Vendel King, From his helm a glance he cast: "Say, who leads that band to-day, That my people fall so fast?" Straight replied the little page, To the King rode next of all: "Sir, 'tis Vidrik Verlandson, Sits upon his courser tall." Answered one of the King's kemps, Who had been in many fields: "Yes, 'tis Vidrik Verlandson, Mimmering {13} in his hand he wields." Thereto made the King reply, As another glance he throws: "'Gainst the shield I ill shall fight Which the tongs and hammer shows. "'Gainst the shield I ill shall fight Which the tongs and hammer bears, This day I am doomed to die, For fierce Vidrik no one spares. "Heathen wight, and Christian knight, I would fight with glad and fain; Only not with Verland's son, For from him I scathe must gain." Ha! Hurrah! the Vendel King In his steed the rowels drove; Desperate he at Vidrik went, Desperate he to fell him strove. Bravely done, thou Vendel King, Fast and hard thy strokes are plied E'en to his good saddle bow Vidrik stoops his helm of pride. "I've from thee borne eighteen blows, They are, Sir, nor more nor fewer, For thy kingly honor now But one blow from me endure." "If thou eighteen blows hast borne Be they fewer or be they more, I'll the self-same number take, Gift of love can break their power." Forth a silken thread he drew Tied it round his helm of gold: "My heart's dear shall never hear Blow of blacksmith laid me cold." Vidrik spake to Mimmering: "Show thou'rt yet for something good; I can say for fifteen years I more fiercely have not hew'd." Grasped he then the hilt so hard From his nails that blood outstarted, On the Monarch's helm he hew'd, To the navel him he parted. Shouted Vidrik Verlandson, Standing on the verdant height: "Be there one of all your host Who has further wish to fight?" Now the Brattens Vendel King Lies out pouring blood like water: Vengeance now has Ulf Van Yern, Vengeance for his father's slaughter. It was youthful Hammergray Glanced around the bloody field: "So like mice in their first sleep Hushed the foemen lie, and still'd." Gladly back with Ulf Van Yern Rode the Dane King's chivalry; For his sire avenged he thanked Vidrik oft and fervently. THE CHOSEN KNIGHT Sir Oluf rode forth over hill and lea Full seven mile broad and seven mile wide, But no one living discovered he Who a joust with him dare ride. He saw, whilst forward glancing, A gallant knight advancing, Black was his courser, his helm was lac'd, He came with bounding haste. Upon his spurs all gory Twelve gilded birdies bore he; Each time with the rowel he pricked his horse The birdies sang with all their force. Twelve gilt wheels on his bridle He bore, nor were they idle; Each time through them the breezes blew, How quickly around the little wheels flew. He carried before his breast A long lance, placed in rest; Far sharper than diamond was that lance, It laid Sir Oluf in deadly trance. Aloft on his helm he show'd A chaplet of red glare; Three maidens in proof of their love bestow'd, The youngest was so fair. Sir Oluf enquired of the knight, An he were come down from the realms of light: "Art thou the Christ, for if thou be, I'll willingly bend before thee the knee?" "I am not the Christ of power, Thou need'st not before me cower; An unknown knight thou see'st in me, Sent forth by three maids of high degree." "If thou be a chosen knight Whom maidens three have sent this way, Then for love of those damsels bright, Thou shalt joust with me to-day." The first course they together rode Of their coursers trial made they, The second course they together rode Their best manhood well display'd they. The third joust they together rode Neither one the other humbled, But the fourth joust they together rode Dead to the green earth they tumbled. Now on the wold the heroes lie, With their blood the grass is red; In the chamber high sit the maids and sigh, But the youngest soon is dead. SIR SWERKEL There's a dance in the hall of Sir Swerkel the Childe, There dances fair Kirstine, her hair hanging wild. There dance the good King and his nobles so gay, Fair Kirstine before them she warbles a lay. His hand to the maiden Sir Swerkel stretched free: "Come hither and dance, little Kirstine, with me." Her finger he pressed, and moved up to her near: "Sweet Kirstine, I pray thee become my heart's dear." Her finger he pressed, on her sandal trod he: "Fair Kirstine, with pity my agonies see!" They danced to the left, and they danced to the right, And her troth the fair damsel bestowed on the knight. Upon him Sir Swerkel his red mantle throws, And to the high hall to his mother he goes. "Hail, hail as thou sittest here, dear mother mine! I come from betrothing the little Kirstine." "Our Lady forbid, and our Lady forfend, Relations like ye to betroth should pretend. "In wedlock united ye never must be, For brother and sister, believe me, are ye." "Now tell me, I pray thee, O dear mother mine! What time thou didst bring forth the little Kirstine." "The time that thou wast on thy journey to Rome, I bore the sweet flowret that's now in full bloom. "Whilst thou to the sepulchre holy wast gone, I bore the fair mirror thy love that hast won. "In the court of the Queen she was reared up with care, And scarlet and sable accustomed to wear." "Now give me thy counsel, O dear mother mine, How I may forget her, the little Kirstine?" "Go chase thou the hart, and go chase thou the hind, And thou wilt her image soon chase from thy mind. "Go chase thou the hart, and go chase thou the roe, And thou thy love-longing wilt quickly forego." He chased the proud hart, and he chased the swift hind, But he never could chase the fair maid from his mind. He chased the tall hart, and he chased the sleek roe, But the longing of love from his mind would not go. So the knight from the country was driven at last, And into a cloister the maiden was cast. No little bird shaped from the far land its flight Than enquiry she made for her dear betrothed knight. A bird ne'er so little across the sea stray'd But he enquired after his dear betrothed maid. FINN AND THE DAMSEL OR THE TRIAL OF WITS. "What's rifer than leaves?" Finn cried. "Dew is more rife," the damsel replied. "Hotter than fire?" Finn cried. "The face of a kind-hearted man," she replied, "When chance to his hut the stranger doth guide, And unable he is for his guest to provide." "Swifter than wind?" Finn cried. "The vigour of woman," the damsel replied. "Sweeter than honey?" Finn cried. "The words of affection," the damsel replied. "Ranker than bane?" Finn cried. "A foeman's abuse," the damsel replied. "More black than the crow?" Finn cried. "Death is yet blacker," the damsel replied. "More sharp than the sword?" Finn cried. "Woman's sense at a pinch," the damsel replied. "What's best of all gems?" Finn cried. "A knife or a dirk," the damsel replied. "Softer than down?" Finn cried. "Love's palm on your cheek," the damsel replied. "A ship for all cargoes?" Finn cried. "The tongs of the smith," the damsel replied. "Whiter than snow?" Finn cried. "Truth is more white," the damsel replied. "How many trees are there?" Finn cried. "The green and the sere make two," she replied. "What's reddest of red?" Finn cried. "The flush of the freeman when praised," she replied. "Or when praise to his merit is meanly denied." "Than the radish more brittle?" Finn cried. "The nature of woman," the damsel replied. "What never grows old nor betied?" "The friendship of man," the damsel replied. "What does woman love best?" Finn cried. "A fair or a dance," the damsel replied. "What's best for your colour?" Finn cried. "Cool air and good sleep," the damsel replied. "How many steeds are there?" Finn cried, "But two, a horse and a mare," she replied. "What's best of all food?" Finn cried, "Nought better than milk," the damsel replied. "What adorns a man most?" Finn cried, "High deeds, humble words," the damsel replied. "The worst of all fare?" Finn cried. "Strong drink, if it be too freely supplied, Or the prate of a fool," the damsel replied. EPIGRAMS BY CAROLAN On Friars Would'st thou on good terms with friars live, Ever be humble and admiring; All they ask of thee freely give, And in return be nought requiring. On a surly Butler, who had refused him admission to the cellar O Dermod Flynn it grieveth me Thou keepest not Hell's portal; As long as thou should'st porter be, Thou would'st admit no mortal. Lines How deadly the blow I received When of thee, O my darling, bereaved! No more up the hill I shall bound, No strength in my poor foot is found; No joy o'er my visage shall break 'Till from out the cold earth I awake. Of the corn like the very top grain, Or the pine 'mongst the shrubs of the plain, Or the moon 'mongst the starlets above, Went thou amongst women, my love! * * * * * LONDON: Printed for THOMAS J. WISE, Hampstead, N.W. _Edition limited to Thirty Copies_ Footnote: {13} Vidrik's sword. *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ULF VAN YERN, AND OTHER BALLADS *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. START: FULL LICENSE THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at www.gutenberg.org/license. Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works 1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. 1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. 1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with others. 1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States. 1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: 1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed: This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. 1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. 1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™. 1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License. 1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. 1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. 1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that: • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.” • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works. • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of receipt of the work. • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works. 1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. 1.F. 1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. 1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem. 1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. 1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. 1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause. Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™ Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life. Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org. Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws. The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS. The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate. While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate. International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate. Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility: www.gutenberg.org. This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.