91
Padill بادل.—Sometimes called
Patill, and another kind denominated Kashta Padill or
Kut Padill. Of this also there is another kind, but as the
properties of all are the same, I have not particularly distinguished
them from each other. It is the flower of an Indian tree, which in size
is equal to the Mangoe or Jamin, its pod is 1½ feet long, and 4
fingers in breadth, formed of different layers, and lined with a soft
cottony substance. The seed resembles that of the Seriss tree,
and its taste is astringent, sweet, and its properties mixed, cool and
hot. It is beneficial in swellings of a general nature, in foulness of
the blood, in difficulty of breathing, in thirst, nausea, and loss of
appetite. Its flowers correct all the natural secretions, and remove
bilious laxity of the bowels, and heartburn. The pod relieves hiccup,
and corrects bilious and mucous secretions; some have described its
properties as cool, and the Dhuntri recommends the first kind, as the
one to be preferred for internal use.
92 Paá پاء.—Sulphur Zinci, a name
for Zaje Suffed. It resembles the Shibbi Yemani, but of a more
yellow tinge, and less transparent, but its pungency and astringency
greater; placed in the fire it becomes sublimed; its nature hot and
dry. If a cloth is wetted with its solution, and allowed to dry, and
then placed in the vagina, it dries the part, and lessens its
diameter.
93 Beekhbans بيج
بنس or Beedjbans.—A kind of green
bamboo, shot as arrows by the Nepaulese, and which poison the wound
they inflict. [22]
94 Bansa پانسا.—Called also
Piábansa. Some say that it is the name of the Baadawurd
tree; however this may be, it is the name of a very common tree, found
in plains and waste places; it grows about the height of a man, more or
less; has spreading branches, which grow out of its stem even to the
root: its leaves are thin, small, and pointed, when the tree is young;
but they increase in size as the tree grows, and become like those of
the Jamin. Its flowers are white, with prickles on their stalk. The
other kind called Pia Bansa has colored flowers.
It increases wind, and clears the throat; it removes
disorders of bile, mucus, or blood, cough, difficulty of breathing,
nausea, fever, seminal weakness, juzam, and marasmus. A tooth-brush
made of its wood, materially strengthens the gums and teeth, and of
this many have had experience. It strengthens the system, darkens the
color of the hair, cures the itch, and is an antidote to poison. In its
nature it is hot, and is useful in eruptions of the skin and
leprosy.
In the Maadentezerrubad, that with the
yellow flowers, is called Pia Bansa, and the tree is said to be
about a yard high, with long leaves, hot, cool, and dry in an equal
degree; a decoction of the root is beneficial as a gargle in toothache,
or with the addition of the leaves, as a gargle in ptyalism.
95 Baluka بالوكا.—Cucumis
Madraspatanus. A species of Kitcherie; it is also called
Kootoombur. Phoont is likewise a variety of this, and is
in Persian named Dustoombaóyé. When unripe, its
taste is sweet; it is cool, and heavy, removes eruptions of the skin
from bile, and when ripe, it is hot, light, aperient, creating
appetite, and bile.
96 Palewut پال
وٹ.—Also Palook, a medicine of India.
The first is sweet, hot, and cool, in an equal degree; it is heavy, and
corrects bile and wind. The second kind, also called Malook, is
sweeter than the first, and in all its properties resembling
Padill, except that it produces less thirst.
97 Baraykund باراى كنڈ
or Keetkuroódh, or Subbuzkund.—The produce
of a wet or moist soil. Its capsule is thick and hard; it is sweet,
bitter, pungent, and increases the powers of manhood, and generally
strengthens the system; it increases bile, but removes [23]a
superabundance of phlegm or wind. It is vermifuge, and useful in
seminal weakness. Its leaves used as greens, create appetite, improve
the complexion, and are beneficial in Juzam. I have ascertained from
several books of Hindoostan, that it is a species of Russain,
and that Barayokand and Bedareekund are one and the same
plant; but some books state the contrary.
98 Banjkakóra بانج
كاكوڑا.—A medicine of
India, of a light nature, beneficial in mucous affections, antidote to
poison, useful in boils and wounds, also in sores; called in Persian
Khora. One kind of this bears no fruit, hence its name
Banja.
99 Pakur پاكڑ.—A large tree, beautiful
in appearance, as large as the Jamin. The leaves also resemble
the Jamin, but broader, longer, and thicker; its fruit is
yellow, and when ripe, like the apple, but when small, it is more like
the peach; it is cooling, and cures boils, eruptions of the skin, and
is effectual in mucous and bilious affections, it also allays swelling
in wounds. The fruit bears the same name; it is acid, its sherbet
cardiac, promotes appetite, and decreases bile. By some called
Pakull.
100 Panee Amluk انى
املك.—A medicine of Hindoostan,
hot and heavy; it cures flatulency, and when ripe, it increases the
bilious and mucous secretions.
101 Paadae پااداى.—Pungent
and bitter, hot and light, cures wind, bile, Juzam, and fever;
vomiting, dropsy, affections of the heart, general heat, itch,
disorders from poison, difficulty of breathing, and is vermifuge. It
also cures Badgola, boils and eruptions of the skin, and removes
laxities of the bowels.
102 Babchee بابچى or Bakchee, an
Indian medicine, the seed of which is black; it is beneficial in every
kind of leprosy, and in every pain of the stomach; it is used both
internally and externally. I have used 2 mashas of this, with other
appropriate medicines, infused in water for a night, strained and given
as a drink to those affected with white leprosy, and other affections
of the same nature; and have used the strained refuse externally, with
the greatest success. It is pungent and aromatic, hot and dry in the 3d
deg. light and cardiac, creates appetite, and cures affections of bile
and mucus; but is prejudicial to the eyesight, and lessens the seminal
secretion. [24]
In the Maadentezerrubad it is written,
that Babchee is a seed about the size of gram, or rather less,
of a dark color, and aromatic flavor, hot and dry in a small degree,
cures wind, mucus, and Juzam; the itch and other eruptions of the skin
when discoloration or ulceration takes place, and all complaints
arising from foulness of blood. In Acouta, or that scaly leprous
eruption that is often met with, it is very effectual, the part being
first moistened with mustard oil, and the powder of the seed sprinkled
over its surface.
“Tried in Lepra without effect, both in
substance and in infusion, in 1818.—Translator.”
103 Paperie پاپري.—A name for
Shumshad, cool, and brightens the complexion, and is useful in
mucous and bilious complaints.
104 Babur بابر.—Called by some
Nagbo, and also Badrouje.
105 Barasinga باراسينگا.—Cervus
Elaphus. Called so from its many branched horns; it is about the
size of a small cow, and is also called Thunkur or Eal. Its meat is
sweet to the taste, and heavy; it increases Aphrodisia, cures wind,
bile, and mucus. The horns rubbed down in water, and applied
externally, cure rheumatic and other pains.
106 Parba پارها.—Cervus
Porcinus. Very common in the upper parts of India; its properties I
have never seen noticed in any Indian publication. I have met with a
description of another kind of deer, Cheetul, and in my opinion they
are nearly alike in their properties; the flesh of both easy of
digestion, quickly increasing the volume of blood and bulk of the
solids; it is without fibres, hot and somewhat dry.
107 Bander باندر.—Monkey. The
flesh is beneficial in flatulencies, difficulty of breathing, and
Jaundice, and is vermifuge; in P. Bozeena.
108 Baag باگهة.—In P.
Sher. The Tiger. Its flesh is hot, and cures affections from
wind, and complaints of the eyes. Its milk, mixed with Soorma, is an
excellent application in that disease of the eye called
Mootiabin. My grandfather experienced its good effects in his
own case in the cure of this disease.
109 Palug پالگ.—A much esteemed kind of
culinary vegetable (Spinnach.) A. Isphanach: cool and
heavy, laxative, producing wind [25]and mucus, as also swelling of
the abdomen. It is beneficial in difficulty of breathing, and eruptions
from bile. Some say that it produces intoxication in a small degree,
but this I have not found to be the case.
110 Paan پان.—Aromatic, bitter, astringent,
hot, and aperient. (“Piper Betel, Lin. Warm juice,
febrifuge; given in indigestion in children, and combined with musk in
Hysteria.”) It creates appetite and agreeable sensations; it also
increases semen, and is aphrodisiac. It cures disorders of wind, mucus,
and of the blood; corrects vitiated breath, preserves the gums, clears
the blood, is useful in prostration of strength from fatigue, and cures
nervous head-aches. Its juice is beneficial in giving tone to the
stomach and heart, and it promotes digestion. It corrects a cold
temperament, cures cholicky disorders, and pains of the bowels, and
this I have repeatedly found by experience. In my own opinion, and in
the opinion of every Yunani writer whom I have consulted, (with the
exception of Shaik Boo Alli,) it is hot; but the physicians of
Hindoostan very generally agree with the Shaik. Those of a hot
temperament, who use much of this plant, are subject to eruptions of
the mouth, and fissures in the tongue. Its correctors are almonds and
the kernel of the cocoa-nut, but the former is to be preferred, and the
addition of the almond increases its effects on the mental powers.
The distilled water of Paan, as described below,
is recommended for correcting a melancholic temperament, strengthening
the stomach and circulation, removing spasms in the stomach, creating
appetite, correcting flatulence, and loosening phlegm.
Take flowers of Bugloss 5 scruples, rose leaves 6
drachms, cloves 13 scruples, Paan 4 ounces, distilled water of
Bugloss two pounds, rose water 6 pounds: distil, and give as a dose
from one to four drachms. Another: take of cinnamon 13 scruples, Indian
Spikenard and Galangal, each 14½ scruples;
Bugloss, Soad Kufah, and dried mint, each 19 scruples;
rose leaves and cloves each 24 scruples; anise seed (Nancha),
and another kind called Rajiana, and sweet-scented flag of
Toorkistan, each 19 scruples; Paan 50 leaves or more, good rose
water 15 pounds: distil. The dose to be regulated by the temperament of
the patient. [26]
Another: take of Indian leaf (Tezpat), 1/2 a
pound; cloves, Indian Spikenard, and anise seed (Nancha),
each 4 ounces, good Paan 200 leaves; bruise all the ingredients,
and let them remain in infusion for 24 hours in 20 pounds of water,
then draw off by distillation 14 pounds: the dose will be from 8 to 10
scruples given after meals.
Another: take of cloves, Oodghoorkee, each 13
scruples; reduce both to a coarse powder; flowers of Bugloss,
raspings of white Sandal wood, each 5½ scruples;
Bugloss, rose leaves and Indian leaf, each 4 ounces; white
Paan 100 leaves, rose water 8 pounds, distilled anise seed water
4 pounds; infuse 24 hours in the heated liquids, and draw off by
distillation 8 pounds.
111 Pariss Peepul پارس
پيپل.—Called also Palass
Peepul, (Hibiscus populneoides, Roxb.)
Warning: using
mercury as described below is very dangerous. Mercury is highly
poisonous and the claims made are incorrect.
112 Para پارا,
or پارد Parud,
(as it is called in Sanscrit,) Mercury. It is hot, gives strength to
the eyesight, is useful in Juzam, and is vermifuge. A. Zeebuck.
P. Seemab. It is very generally used throughout India, in many
ways, both in its native and prepared state; but in the latter we ought
to be very cautious, for it is seldom sufficiently killed, or removed
from its native state, in which it is a dangerous drug. One grain or
two grains, or even a little more, is taken for a dose, and in some
cases with success. Cups are also made of it, from which milk is drank;
they possess this virtue, that a greater quantity of milk may be taken
in this way than in any other. It is said, that if a little Mercury be
tied up in a cloth, and boiled in milk, that the milk will have an
aphrodisiac property. Should any one have taken live Mercury, and the
result be, that he is attacked with Juzam, or other leprous affection,
let him take the whole of an Indigo plant, and cutting it in small
pieces, let it be boiled in a large quantity of water; then straining
it, drink a cupful of the water very frequently, till all is taken, and
till then eat no food. All the Mercury will in the course of the day be
evacuated per urethra, and if the whole does not make its escape the
first day, the treatment must be repeated. If the urine be received
into a brass vessel, or any other with a polished surface, the Mercury
will be detected; many people having been in this predicament, have
followed this advice, and found the result to be as I have stated it.
[27]
In a state of calcination, if it is mixed with strong
vinegar, or lime juice, and afterwards dried, if no live Mercury
appears it is good; otherwise it is dangerous. Others have said, that
if mixed and rubbed with the juice of the radish leaf, till they are
incorporated, and then a little lime juice poured over it, and again
rubbed and dried, it will be fit for use; and the less live Mercury
that is perceptible, the less dangerous it is.
To make cups and balls of Mercury, triturate the Mercury
well with pounded bricks, in an iron pot, moistening the mixture with
water; wash the whole in water, and strain through a moderately fine
cloth, till the Mercury becomes perfectly clear like a looking glass.
Take equal parts of this purified quicksilver, rock salt, and sulphate
of copper, and put them into an iron pot, with strong vinegar or lime
juice, and let the whole be well triturated for 7 or 8 hours, when the
compound will appear like butter; wash this well in water, that the
salt and sulphate be carried off, and the Mercury left behind; take
this Mercury and coat over the outside of an unburnt earthen vessel or
cup, till it shall be well covered and appear like Mercury; place this
in a dish filled with lime juice, and let it remain for a week, then
take it out and place it in the sun to dry and harden; when quite hard,
it may be used in this way, or it may be filled with water and kept so,
till the clay becomes soft enough to be separated from the quicksilver.
Milk drank from this cup will have an aphrodisiac quality, and will
increase appetite. For the formation of this cup, 9 or 10 tolahs of
quicksilver will be requisite, and for the balls one tolah.
The Balls.—When the ingredients
above-mentioned have, from long trituration, acquired the consistence
of butter, balls may be formed of the composition in a fine cloth, and
allowed to remain for 7 days in lime juice; then take them out and
throw them into a boiling decoction of the Dhatura leaves, allowing it
to be well boiled. The balls are then to be taken out of the cloth and
preserved for use.
In the Maadentezerrubad it is said, that if
a small parcel of Mercury be boiled in soup, made from the Bis-Copra,
it will become hard. [28]
113 Baboona بابونة, or
Marehtee: Anthemis Chamomile; a common flower,
Akhgwan.
114 Bans بانس.—A. Russub. P.
Ney. Its leaves like those of the Joowar, when they are
young; it is cool and a little astringent, beneficial in dysuria,
gonorrhæa, piles, in stomach complaints, bilious disorders, and
those of the blood, in cholicky pains from flatulence. Some say, that
it increases the secretion of bile. A preserve is made from the young
shoots which is much esteemed, and is useful in promoting appetite and
giving tone to the stomach, correcting an increased secretion of bile
or phlegm. The young shoots are first cut into small pieces, and
steeped in salt and water; then dried, and afterwards put into the
vinegar or other acid, in which it is to be preserved. The root of the
bamboo in equal parts, with Judwár (Zedoary), and
Suronjan (Hermodactylis), applied externally, I have found very
effectual in removing pains from the joints. The oil expressed from the
fresh joints of the plants, is also very beneficial in pains of the
joints and other rheumatic affections. Mention is made of this oil in
the Hajul Umeer and Ejale naáf, works written by me.
The joints of the bamboo are very useful as a diuretic,
and they also are effectual in producing abortion, and made into a
decoction with Cassia fistula, are recommended for recorrecting and
stopping the discharge after such an occurrence.
115 Badgan Khutay بادگان
خطى.—No account having been given of
this in any of the Yunani works, it is left for me to give a
description of it. It is a seed of a dark red color, the capsule
resembles the stone of the tamarind, but is more thin and pointed, and
a little open; it is used as an infusion with tea; it is hot,
strengthens the stomach; is discutient, removes flatulence, and the tea
corrects any bad effects that it may possess.
116 Baremoo بارمو.—A name for
Dookoo.
117 Barehie بارحى.—A name for
Zedoary.
118 Patirr پاٹير.—The Wagtail,
called in Yunani, Suffraghoon.
119 Parjath پارجاتهة,
or Parbhudder, (Bombax heptaphyllum.) The gum useful as
an expectorant in worms, corpulency, swellings, and wind; it also
increases certain secretions; the gum is called Moocherriss.
[29]
120 Balchur بال
چر.—A name for Chur (Spikenard).
121 Baeberung بابرنگ.—A seed,
black, roundish, and pointed; bitter and pungent to the taste, hot and
dry, light and cardiac; beneficial in itchiness of the stomach,
flatulent swellings, dropsy, affections of mucus, wind, or worms, and
remedies costiveness. A. Birnuk Caboolie.
122 Badjera باديرة.—Holcus
Spicatum. A common grain; in my opinion hot and dry; it strengthens
the system and loins; is aphrodisiac, and corrects acidity in the
stomach, but produces flatulence.
123 Papeyha پاپيا.—Papeya,
Carica Papeya, W. A native of South America, now common all over
India; milky juice of the unripe fruit, vermifuge; dose,—two
table spoonfuls in warm milk, afterwards a dose of castor-oil.
124 Papieha پاپيہا.—A common
green bird; the poets of Hindoostan keep numbers of them, and have an
idea that the noise they make at night, in the rainy season, produces
inspiration. Its flesh is useful in affection from wind and mucus, and
is alone sufficient to remove disorders from bile.
125 Papeitha پاپيٹها.—“Papita
nux, Nux Vomica Serapionis, Faba Indica, or Faba
Sancti Ignatii, St. Ignatius’s Bean, Catalougay,
belongs to a genus called Ignatia Amara. The above description applies
especially to the Papeitha, but not to the Nux Vomica,
(Cuchila,) which is a Strychnos, this is not.”
This is a medicine of foreigners, and it is said, that
it has been in use for the last century; there is no account of it in
any books of Hindoostan, or in the Yunani works; but in this part of
the country it is in general use. I have partly taken the present
description from the books of foreigners, and partly it is the result
of my own experience. In foreign language, it is called Papita. It is a
nut, round, more or less so, each weighing about a pice; it is
depressed in the centre, and of a brown color, some darker than others.
Its properties are said to be various. If one of the nuts be strung on
a thread and retained about the person, it is a security against
sorcery, and the attempted mischief will recoil on the sorcerer. Should
any one be poisoned and this be administered, the poison will thereby
be rendered innocent. [30]
Whoever shall keep this constantly about his person, nor
noxious wind nor evil eye will affect him.
If one retti or two retti weight of this be rubbed down
in water and taken, it will cure pains in the stomach and cholicks.
It is very beneficial in the disorder called Elaous,
also in paralytic affections.
In faintings and convulsions, if the teeth are forced
open, and a little given internally, also the part of the forehead
called peshanie scarified, and rubbed with a little of the
medicine, the senses will be restored.
In bites of snakes or the sting of any noxious reptile
or insect, it is highly beneficial.
The powder of the seed is styptic, and when applied over
a wound in sufficient quantity to form a cake and bound up, it will
stop any discharge of blood.
In intermittent fever, if about 4 barley-corns in bulk
be given before the cold fit, it will render it much less severe, or
remove it altogether.
In labor, if the pains are not sufficiently effectual, 4
barley-corns of this given, will expedite delivery; but if by mistake
it be given after delivery, it will cause a protrusion of the
bowels.
In all laxities of the bowels it is useful. If a seed be
allowed to remain in the mouth, it will promote the discharge of mucus
which may oppress the chest, and will relieve acidity in the
stomach.
If the nut be cut into slices and fried in sweet oil,
the oil will form an excellent application to chancres, venereal or
other cuticular eruptions.
Should any one have swallowed poison and become
senseless, this oil forced into the throat, if swallowed, will save the
patient.
This oil will also have the effect of restoring
sensation to parts deprived of it, if rubbed externally.
In suppression of the menses, 7 or 8 barley-corns in
bulk administered, will give relief.
Should a tendon be cut through from a wound, filling the
division with the powder, will promote adhesion. [31]
A tincture of it in spirits, in the strength of 25 nuts
to half a pound of spirit, allowed to remain 15 days in the sun, is
aphrodisiac, in the quantity of 16 liquid grains every night.
I have found this medicine given to the quantity of half
a drachm, more or less, mixed up into a bolus with rose-water, very
beneficial in excessive vomiting.
Once my father and I were proceeding on a journey, it
happened, that some of our people had ate in the morning, of the food
prepared the night before, which being stale, produced incessant and
violent vomiting; their sufferings were great, and the color of their
bodies completely changed. My father having no other medicine with him,
except this, gave it to them mixed with rose-water, in various
proportions, with great success.
In unremitting vomiting, it ought to be given twice,
when it will assuredly be successful.
126 Babool ببول,
vide Keekur. Acacia Arabica, W.
127 Papotun پيوٹن.—A plant, about a
yard high; its seed is like that of the nightshade, at first green, and
when ripe, red; in appearance like the Goonchee, covered with a
very thin capsule. The leaves heated and applied to swellings are
discutient, and the root pounded and mixed with water, applied to the
carbuncle or introduced on a seton, will effect a cure in a few
days.
128 Paethaon پيٹهؤن.—Called
also Culsi or Breshtpirnie. A medicine of India; sweet,
hot, light, and aphrodisiac; remedies laxities of the bowels and
abrasions of the intestines. It decreases general heat, allays thirst,
and is useful in affections of wind, mucus, bile, nausea, and fever. In
the Dhinteri, it is said to be pungent, and beneficial in
asthma, phlegm, and dropsy.
129 Patole پٹول,
vide Pulwul.
130 Patera پتيرا, usually called
Patèla, a name of Birdee, a reed, growing in
marshy places, used for making mats. It grows about a man’s
height, sometimes higher, and about the thickness of one’s
finger. Its ashes are peculiarly drying, and in quality dry and moist;
if sprinkled over a sore, they quickly dry it up; if mixed with
vinegar, dried, pounded, and applied to a [32]carbuncle, it will cure
it. They are also useful in Ukula and Nufsoodum.
131 Patung پتنگ.—A large tree, a native
of the hills; its leaves are like that of the almond, and its flowers
yellow. The fruit round, and of a dirty green color when young,
becoming red as it ripens, and sweet to the taste.
Physicians of Yunan have described it as hot, useful in
bilious affections, mucus, and blood; also in boils and eruptions. A.
Bukkum. The wood is used by dyers. In the Topha it is written,
that in the quantity of 15 masha it is a deadly poison. Its powder is
excellent as an application to wounds and ulcers. A bath formed of a
decoction of the wood, clears the surface of the body, and gives
strength to the bones.
132 Putrudj پترج.—A very common leaf, in
length from three to five inches, and in breadth two inches; of a green
color, and pleasant smell; it is strongly marked by veins, and is
brought from the hills. It is hot and light, useful in wind and piles,
nausea, pain at the stomach, flatulence, and is cardiac. A. Sadielj
Hindui. Laurus Cassia, W. Tamalapatra, S. Tezpat, H.
Tez (the bark), H. Twacha, S.
133 Pithpapra پٹهة
پاپڑا.—Oldenlandia
biflora. Bitter, cool, light, and in its effects astringent;
beneficial in affections and disorders of bile, mucus, and blood; also
in general heat; useful in giddiness, thirst, and fever; it generates
flatulence. A. Shaterra.
134 Batassa بتاسا.—A name for
Phaneer.
135 Buthua بتہوا, or Pasthuk,
“Chenopodium album.” A plant about a yard high, or
even less; its leaves are small like the mint, soft and serrated; when
the plant is old, it becomes a little larger, but the leaves remain the
same. It is used in India as a culinary vegetable, and ate with or
without meat; the leaves are sweetish when young; it delights to grow
near water, and is found both in the wild and cultivated state, but the
wild is considered the best; it is light and laxative, strengthens the
system, is useful in affections of the spleen, eruptions from diffusion
of bile, piles, worms, ascarides in the rectum, and corrects all
natural secretions except blood. A. Kutf. [33]
136 Butela بٹيلا.—A kind of Pea:
see Muttur.
137 Butaer بٹير.—The Quail, Perdix
Olivacea, (Buch.) Its flesh is cool, and promotes appetite; is
beneficial in fever, and corrects the three principal secretions. Some
have said, that this is a name for Tihoo; it resembles the partridge,
but is only about half the size. In my opinion, it is cool and hot in
equal degrees; it forms a desirable food for the sick, or emaciated; it
strengthens the stomach, and produces costiveness.
138 Batees بتيس.—A name for
Atees, already described.
139 Pytha پيتها.—The gall-bladder
of any animal. Bile is hot and dry, but no general account can be given
of its properties, as almost that of every animal differs from another.
If goat’s bile be used, it will relieve an affection of the
liver, and if it be mixed with camphor and butter, and introduced into
the ear, it will cure tooth-ache, or rubbed into the abdomen of a child
below the navel, it will prove laxative. Cow’s bile, if
introduced into the ear, will cure pain arising from wind, mucus or
bile.
140 Putalphoorie پتال
پهوڑى.—The name of a grass,
which grows in rocky places, from which it has either derived its name
or from its property of dissolving the stone in the urinary or
gall-bladder. It is a very small plant; its leaves, like those of the
Lobeia (a small bean), when chewed are found to be very
mucilaginous. It is a powerful medicine in dysuria, and is beneficial
in dissolving stones in the urinary or gall-bladder. Of this I have
several times had proof within my own observation; and I have given it
to the extent of 5 or 6 mashas in these disorders, combined with sugar,
or with other diuretic medicines, or sherbets, or even in plain water;
a substitute for this may sometimes be found in Gokroo, in cucumber
seeds, or some such cooling medicine. A distilled water from it is in
use. In one case where I used the Putalphoorie, I found, that while
fresh and green, it was not so beneficial, and induced costiveness; but
when dried and given, it was much more effectual and less
prejudicial.
141 Puturjenie پتر
جنى.—A name for Lichmuna and
Lichmunie.
142 Butchudder بچهدر.—A species of the
Catechu tree; hot and astringent, beneficial in Aphtha,
tooth-ache, blood, itch, poisons, and phlegm. [34]
143 Budjaesaar بجايسار.—The
name of a tree; the best sort is called Bidjaesaar; it is beneficial in
Juzam, ptyalism, white leprosy, seminal weakness, ascarides in the
rectum, disorders of bile and blood, cleansing the fluids,
strengthening the roots of the hair, and it is well known as an
ingredient in many formulæ.
144 Bitchoo بچهو, (Scorpion.).—A.
Akrub. Its medicinal properties are described in Yunani works.
Bitchoo Diriag is small and of a blackish color, tinged with
red, and has a sting on its head with which it wounds; its eyes
are pointed, and its head is large in proportion to its body. The
author of the Dara Shekoi supposes this to be the Singee
fish.
145 Bejoura بجهورا.—A.
Utrudj, though some describe them as distinct species.
146 Butch بچ.—Acorus Calamus, W.
Vacha, S. Sweet-scented flag, Acorus Odorant, F.
Kalamus Nurtzil, G. Calamo Aromatica, J. Acoro
Calamo, S. Wedj. A. Agrtoorki. P. One kind of this is
white; both kinds are bitter, pungent, hot and stomachic: loosens mucus
from the throat, cures itch, mucous disorders, epilepsy, idiotism, the
influence of evil spirits. In the Maadentezerrabad it is
written, that the Indians have a belief, that if the butch be
taken, cut in small pieces, and put into an earthen pot, with ghee
sufficient to cover it about an inch, that is one part of the butch and
two of ghee, and this pot placed in Jow for 40 days, and 15 mashas of
this taken daily, it will cure paralysis and loss of memory, and all
complaints arising from cold.
147 Budgerkund بجر
كنڈ.—Called also Soorun, q.
vide.
148 Beechnak بيس
ناك.—The name of a poison; vide
Singia.
149 Bedareekund بدارى
كنڈ.—A kind of Baraikund. Of this
two kinds are described; one of which is white, and called
Chitturkund; the properties of all are alike.
150 Bedarkee بداركي.—Also a
name for Bedareekund.
151 Budhill بدهيل.—Indian
Suffergill (as it is called); the fruit of a large tree, very
common all over India; the tree is like a middle-sized Jamin; its
leaves are broad and longer than the Daak, but the latter is round,
whereas this is longish, irregular on the back, and very brittle; when
ripe the fruit is of a sweet [35]acid taste, and when unripe it is
perfectly sour; when about half ripe, it is hot, heavy, and flatulent,
producing wind, disorders of bile, decreasing aphrodisia and appetite,
and increasing phlegm; when ripe its properties are quite the reverse;
but with respect to the disorders produced by suffusion of bile, I have
not ascertained if it is beneficial or otherwise. The Dara
Shekoi has not noticed this medicine, and for my information I am
indebted to works of Hindoostan. As far as I can judge, it increases
the tone of the stomach, raises the spirits; but taken in quantities,
it is difficult of digestion and produces flatulence. It is acid, and
therefore remedies bile, but it increases cough. The kernel is
astringent.
152 Bedhara بدهرا.—A medicine of
India, brought from the hills; it is a light wood about the thickness
of liquorice root; bitter and astringent, hot and aperient. It is
aphrodisiac; useful in disorders of wind, phlegm, and blood; also in
swellings of the body, seminal weakness, and forms an ingredient in
many approved formulæ.
153 Pudmeinie پدمنى.—(The Winter
Lilly.) The flower of the Kawul; sweet and cool, heavy and
stomachic, astringent and useful in disorders of bile, mucus, and
blood. A. Neelophir.
154 Pudumcharnie پدم
چارنى.—A kind of the above,
with few leaves; light and beneficial in mucous disorders and
suppression of urine, and it hardens the matrix. For a more particular
account, see Kawul.
155 Pudumrauj پدمراج.—Sweet and
astringent; cool and aperient; it strengthens the eyes, corrects
corpulence, cures boils, eruptions, and is an antidote to poison. A.
Yacootlal.
156 Pedloon پدلون.—A kind of salt;
vide Noon. The salt of lead, called also Kutchloon.
157 Burrh بڑة.—A
large tree of Hindoostan, very common, cool and heavy; astringent,
useful in mucous disorders, in bile, boils, and eruptions. In the
Maadentezerrabad it is called Reesha in Persian. If the
milk is applied to swellings or boils, it will effect a cure by
resolution; or if applied to the eye, will remove specks on the cornea.
If a tooth be at all loose, the milk applied to it will cause it to
fall out without pain, but care must be taken that it be not applied to
the sound tooth. If the bark [36]of the tree be put into the pan in
which fish is fried, it will soften the bones. The young shoots of the
hanging roots and the bark, are cool, dry, and astringent; the milk is
hot and powerful; the fruit less so. If the above-mentioned young
shoots be bruised and put into a cloth, and heated over the fire, it
forms an excellent and affectual application to lumbago or other
rheumatic affections. The fruit, ate with milk and sugar, is mentioned
as aphrodisiac, and increasing certain secretions. The young shoots of
the pendent roots and leaves, and the bark are astringent, and useful
in diarrhœa. The leaf-buds are also recommended for the same
complaint, dressed with meat or otherwise.
158 Birnaan برںان or Burna برنا.—A tree of
Adjmere; the wood of which is used for making beads, which from
their beauty are sent to different places as presents. Its medicinal
property is hot and aperient, stomachic, beneficial in disorders of the
blood, phlegm, wind, dysuria, and emaciation; it is vermifuge, and
lithontriptic.
159 Purpeeloo پرپلو.—The Araaq
Hinduī. Cool, and useful in itch, Juzam, hemorrhoids,
disorders of blood, mucus, and bile.
160 Beridda بريدا.—A medicine of
Hindoostan; cool, and grateful, increasing seminal secretion, removing
cough, hectic fever, disorders of blood, and phlegm, and increasing the
strength of the solids.
161 Pereshtpurnie پريشٹهة
پرني.—A name for
Pæthaon.
162 Berchakund برچاكند.—A
kind of Pindaloo; another kind is called Roomus, also
Mudwull; a third kind is Sunkal; a fourth
Kashtall; a fifth Hustaloo; a sixth Rucktall,
called Ruckutkund. All these roots are sweet, cool, dry, and
flatulent; also aperient. They give tone to the urinary bladder, remove
eruptions (the consequence of suffused bile), increase semen, phlegm,
and wind; they strengthen the solids, are slow of digestion, and
increase the secretion of milk. Pindaloo is somewhat bitter and
hot, heavy, mucilaginous, and diuretic. Mudwall increases bile,
and is bitter; but it is beneficial in mucous disorders.
163 Barumbie بارنبى or Soonputtie سنپٹى.—Sweet, cool,
aperient, light; increases the powers of perception and memory, clears
the voice, cures Juzam, jaundice, seminal weakness, foulness of the
[37]blood, and cough; is an antidote to poisons,
beneficial in swelling of the body, in bilious affections, and is a
common ingredient in all useful formulæ. A. Zernub.
164 Burberi بربرى.—A name for
Hermodaclytes. Cool, strong, dry; increases the general heat and
bile, cures disorders of the blood, phlegm, daad, and worms. It is an
antidote to poisons.
165 Bureeja بريجا.—A name for
Kuna, (Galbanum.)
166 Berehta بيرهتا or Berehti بيرهٹى.—(Sorrel)?
(but the first is the common name.) Kuthai; some say, that both
kinds of Kuthai are called Berehti; but it is not so, the
small kind only goes by that name. Karenta and Kutla are
both names of the large Kuthai, and Kuthlee; and
Kuntkaree and Kuntkalka, are names for the small
Kuthai. It is hot and astringent, strengthens the animal
spirits; is stomachic, and a pleasant addition to the flavor of food.
It is used in disorders of mucus and blood, wind, worms, ascarides in
the rectum, Juzam, fever, asthma, pain in the bowels, cough, dysuria,
emaciation, Badgola. It is lithontriptic, and in P. is called
Badinjandyshtee. The flower called Gulkhar.
167 Purbal پربال.—A name for
Coral; see Moonga.
168 Byrumbseerjella بيرم
سرجلا, vide Hurhurra.
169 Peertuckhpirnie پرتك
پرنى.—A species of
Peereshtpirnee.
170 Buryara بريارا.—“Indian
Mallow, (Sida cordifolia, W. Sida Rhombifolia, W. Sida
Rhomboidœa, Roxb. MS. Sp. Ch.) Shrubby, erect, ramous; leaves
short, petioled, rhomboid-lanceolate, serrate, 3-nerved, villous;
stipules sitaceous. Peduncles axillary, solitary, shorter than the
leaves, one-flowered, capsules 12, without beak, Roxb. MS.” A
very light flower of Hindoostan, cool and dry, demulcent and emolient;
it promotes seminal secretion, and cures disorders of the spirits,
gonorrhœa, and seminal weakness. Take 24 grs. of the dried flower
in powder, and eat with milk and sugar, for the cure of the
above-mentioned disorders. Ext. Maadentezerrabad.
171 Burruntaaki برنتاكى.—A
name for Buretta.
172 Purundha پرندها.—A name
for Mahameet.
173 Pursarnie پرسارنى.—Hot
and purgative, pungent and strengthening; expels wind, disperses
phlegm, &c. In the Maadentezerrabad, Pursarnie is
said to be a medicine of India; hot and dry, [38]beneficial in leprosy, boils and pains in the
joints, mucous disorders, and flatulence.
174 Berahumnie برهہمنى, or
Berrumdundie برهم
دندى.—A wild plant, growing very
low, with very thin branches and dark-red flowers, having small
prickles on them; it is sweet, cool and light, increases knowledge and
memory, relieves pains in the back, clears the voice, and is useful in
marasmus, seminal weakness, and fever. In the Maadentezerrabad,
it is thus described—Beramdundie, a medicine of India,
with prickles on its flowers; hot and dry: seven scruples in powder
taken in cow’s milk, increases memory; is aphrodisiac, and
beneficial in mania; it also removes too great irritability in the
seminal vessels.
175 Berahumie برهمى.—I have given a
description of this separately, as it is so done in the
Maadentezerrabad. A medicine of India, of the herb tribe; pungent,
astringent, hot and dry in the 2d degree; beneficial in cholicks,
phlegm, epilepsy, depression of spirits, fever from mucus, and delirium
from cold; it is also stomachic.
176 Peroza پيروزا, or
Berektummun.—A common stone, called in India
Feroza. It is astringent and sweet, stomachic, and an antidote
to all poisons.
177 Biscopra پسكوپرا.—Trianthema
Pentandra. A wild grass, of a spreading kind, about 1½ or a
yard long; its leaves are like those of the Bookla Yemania, but rather
less; its flowers are of a red yellowish color, and the whole plant
forms itself into a circle on the ground of about half a yard in
diameter. It is bitter, sweet, hot and dry, also aperient. It cures
boils, disorders from mucus, bile, blood, wind, swellings, and creates
appetite. It forms an ingredient in many formulæ. One kind of
this is red, and is called Rukit Bhitt; bitter and powerfully
stomachic; cool, light, and inducing costiveness; producing wind,
beneficial in disorders of mucus, bile, and blood.
178 Pystha پيستها.—The
Pistachio Nut. Sweet, hot, oleaginous, heavy, aphrodisiac, and
detergent; useful in disorders of wind and mucus, and difficult of
digestion. A. Fystuk.
179 Pysturling پيسترلنگ.—A
name of Chitchera or Chirchera, so called from its fixing
itself in one’s clothes. [39]
180 Bussunti بسنتى.—A flower of a
yellow color; cool, light, pungent, powerfully diminishing all the
secretions and sensible perspiration. Of a sweet smell, and pleasant to
the taste.
181 Bishnookrantha بشنوكرانتها.—
A kind of Biscopra, of a pungent nature, strengthening the
mental faculties; vermifuge; beneficial in boils, eruptions and mucous
disorders. Some writers have given it under the head Kuneyr.
182 Bishash بشاش.—A name for
Oostoochoodoos.
183 Boqun بكن, or
Bookla, or Book.—A plant, the branches of which are
very thin, the leaves small, long and pointed; the flowers small and
white, growing on every knot of the plant; they are round, useful in
disorders from poison, phlegm, bile, and in dysuria. It also is
lithontriptic, and beneficial in general heat and delirium.
184 Bukochie بكوچى.—Conyza,
or Serratula Anthelmintica. One kind of which is white, both
sweet, astringent, and stomachic, powerfully cool and dry. They are
aperient, producing flatulent, tension of the belly, promote appetite,
and useful in disorders of blood and bile, difficulty of breathing,
leprosy, seminal weakness, fever, and worms. The plant is carminative,
and its seed increases bile, is useful in white leprosy, disorders of
wind and phlegm, and forms an ingredient in many of the formula.
185 Bagerie بگيرى.—Alauda. A
bird, the flesh of which is cool, sweet, and dry; beneficial in
disorders of bile and mucus. In my opinion it is hot and aphrodisiac;
also cardiac, and increases corpulency; it cleanses the blood, and is a
very proper food for aged persons, those of a cold temperament, or such
as labour under cold diseases.
186 Bukaen بكاين.—Melia
Sempervirens. (A species of the bead-tree.) The Hindoos call it
Mahaneeb, vide M. In the Maadentezerrabad, it is thus
described: Bukaen, is a common tree, cool, dry, and bitter;
useful in disorders of the blood, gravel, swellings, and miliary
eruptions, also piles and lumbago. If 9 mashas of the seed be bruised,
mixed with equal parts of sugar, and taken every morning in water, it
will stop the discharge from the bleeding piles; or if a seer of
the
seeds, when they have become yellow, be infused in two seers of
water, and buried in the ground for 21 [40]days, taken out, and
¼ seer drank every morning for six months, it will certainly
cure leprosy; both Juzam and white.
187 Pushanbedh پاشان
بيدة.—A. Jeuntiana. Its oil
is equally beneficial, as that before recommended for strengthening
particular organs. This and the Jeuntian are of a very different
appearance, they are either distinct plants, or have become different
from peculiarity of soil or cultivation. It is a root of a dirty-red
color, or when broken, of a bright red; in figure a little crooked. It
is cool and laxative; it is lithontriptic, cures seminal weakness, and
gonorrhœa. My late uncle used half of this, and half
Mendhi, as an application to the inside of the hands and soles
of the feet of women laboring under immoderate flow of the menses, and
equal benefit was derived, as is usually done from the Mendhi.
In the Maadentezerrabad, it is called cool and dry, removing
flatulence, bile, thirst, heat, dysuria, gravel, contraction of the
urethra, and difficult menstruation.
For the cure of the above-mentioned complaints, it is to
be given in water; but for seminal weakness, gonorrhœa, dysuria,
&c. it is to be taken in goat’s milk. The dose is six mashas.
It grows in stony places.
188 Buckree بكرى, or Chèrie, q.
vide
189 Becktindeek بكتنديک.—A
kind of Teindoo, q. vide
190 Palass پلاس.—Butea Frondosa.
A very common tree, called also Pullae; it is a large forest
tree, which in season loses its leaves and throws out flowers of an
orange or fire color; its leaves are oval; their breadth about 3 or 4
inches; it is hot, laxative, and stomachic; used in boils, eruptions,
Badqola, gravel, piles, worms, and broken bones. It is written, that
when the white flowers of the Daak are found, and any one shall eat the
seeds and the bark of them, their hearts will be cleansed, their
understanding increased, and they shall then ever be endowed with
supernatural knowledge; it may be advisable to eat moong ka dall
along with it. Its flowers are called Tesoo; they are
astringent, curing disorders of mucus, bile, blood, and difficulty in
making water. If a decoction is prepared from the flowers, and poured
warm from a height on the parts, it will be found useful in pains of
the kidneys, bladder, and in suppression of urine. It is diuretic, and
if [41]given with medicines of that class, it will add
greatly to their efficacy. The flowers are excellent as a fomentation
in pains; also hydrocele and schirrous swellings of the testicle may be
greatly benefitted by it. The seeds called Palass papra, are hot
and light; they cure seminal weakness, piles, worms, and disorders of
wind and mucus. In the Maadentezerrabad, “Palass
papra is said to be like the seed of the Amultas, round,
broad, and thin, of a dark-brown color; its kernel white, or yellowish,
and perfectly insipid: it is oleaginous, and smells when chewed.”
In my opinion, it is useful in phlegm, and the root is beneficial in
cholic. The nurses of Hindoostan put one seed into the mixture, which
they exhibit after parturition, with much benefit, as it is cardiac.
The capsule when whole is also used in decoction. The dose to an adult
is four or five seeds, but beyond that, the opinion of the physician is
necessary. I have used the bark of the seed and the capsule made into
pills, with great success, when mixed with Goor.
191 Belaikund بلائى
كند.—“Maadentezerrabad.”
A medicine of India, also called Pullai seed, or Kaika; a
seed red, round, and about the size of a pice, but thinner: it is light
as a leaf, and is hot, and dry in the third degree. Applied to blisters
on the tongue, to boils, or other eruptions; it removes the bad skin,
and cleanses the parts below. It is purgative; removes wind, and every
complaint of mucus, cold, or itch; its corrector is ghee, or butter,
and its succedaneum Koonush. The dose is three and a half masha,
or 12 grains.
192 Palass Peepul پلاس
پيپل.—Hibiscus
Populneoides, (Roxb.) A large tree, of the Peepul kind; its
leaves and fruit large, moist and aphrodisiac; producing phlegm and
worms.
193 Pulwull پل
ول.—Trichosanthes Diœca, (Roxb.)
A culinary vegetable, of the cucumber kind, oval in its shape; the
plant low, and creeping, like the Kanoorie or Cutcherie;
they sometimes sow it with the Paan. It is eaten either (when
boiled) by itself, or dressed with meat; it is hot and moist; promotes
digestion; and strengthens the stomach and powers of virility; creates
appetite; cures cough and disorders of the blood, and lessens the other
three secretions. It is also beneficial in fevers, boils, and
eruptions. [42]It is vermifuge; its leaves are cooling, and cure
disorders. Its branches remove superabundance of phlegm, and its root
is pungent and aperient, strengthening the stomach. Equal in its
degree. Again, it is said to be a fruit eaten by the people of India,
sown and cultivated with the Paan, because it delights in shady
places. Useful in fever, piles, and mental debility; it is aperient and
promotes digestion; and some say, an antidote to poison.
194 Billie بلى.—The Cat; its meat is sweet,
hot, and moist: of use in mucous and flatulent disorders.
195 Billoousseeke
بلوسيك.—Astringent;
removes disorders of wind, phlegm, cholick, or other pain of the
bowels. The Bale which bears no fruit, is called by this
name.
196 Byll بيل.—Cratœva, or
Ægle Marmelos. The fruit of jungle-tree, like the Quince;
called also Bale.
197 Bylla بيلا.—A name for
Shahudae, Keekwon, Kangi, and Bursali.
198 Bulka بلكا.—Likewise a name for
Kangi.
199 Bunda بندا.—Epidendrum
Tessillatum, (Missletoe.) Epidendron Tesseloides, (Roxb.) I
know not whether this is in itself a tree, or a shrub, or from whence
it makes its appearance; but it is found growing from the branches of
other trees. It is dry, and beneficial in disorders of mucus, wind, and
blood; in boils and eruptions, and as an antidote to poisons.
200 Pynvar پيني
ور or Tœroota.—A species of
Cassia Obtusifolia. A wild shrub of India, about one or one and
a half yard high, its seed is used for food, and is reckoned among the
farinæ; it grows like the Mooth, especially when it is
split down the middle. The color of the capsule is brownish, long, and
has an indented mark on both sides. It is sweet, cool, dry, light, and
useful in disorders of wind, bile, Juzam, Daad, and worms. It also
produces an exhilaration of the spirits. I have found that three masha
bruised, and mixed with a pound of curdled milk, placed in an earthen
vessel for three days, till it becomes fermented, is very useful when
externally applied in psora and other kinds of itch. The seed is
heating, and generally mentioned as such. It is also light, and
beneficial in itch, Daad, Zaerbad, Soorkhbad, [43]and
produces phlegm. Its leaves and young stalks are light; and produce
flatulence and mucus. It is called by many Chukwund.
201 Ponauk پناک.—An Indian flower, sweet
and cool; useful in disorders of the blood, bile, and mucus.
202 Punk پنك.—In
Arabic Vaheel. P. Lae, (wet clay). Cool and laxative;
useful in general heat in hemorrhoids, and in swellings of the
body.
203 Bunbele
بن
بيل.—The flower of the wild
Raibele. It is astringent, lithontriptic, and recommended in mucous and
windy disorders, and in suppression of urine.
204 Pindole پندول.—A white earth,
used for cleaning houses; sweet, cool, moist, astringent, and
beneficial in that species of leprosy, called Soorkhbad; also in
bilious disorders, and affections of the uterus. It is also said to
clear the complexion.
205 Pendaloo پندالو.—Trewia
Nudiflora, (Lin.) Rottlera Indica, (Wild.) This is of two
kinds; a white, and a red. The latter is probably that called
Roomis, vide R.; the white is always called Pendaloo. It
is sweet, cool; difficult of digestion; aphrodisiac; useful in
lessening bilious secretion, in dysuria and heat, and in heightening
the animal spirits.
206 Pindaluck پندالك, or
Pindal, vide Pendaloo.
207 Bunpowarie بنپوارى.—The
flower of the wild Powarie, which blows in the hot weather;
there is one kind of this, which flowers in the rains; both are bitter,
cool, light; lessens the three principal secretions, and is useful in
affections of the ear, nose, and mouth.
208 Pindkhajoor پنڈكهجور,
vide Bhoomkhajoor.
209 Punna پنا.—A
name for the stone, called Zamoorud.
210 Bunslochun بنسلوچن.—A
substance produced in the hollow joints of the bamboo; cool and
allaying thirst; removing hectic fever, common fever, difficulty of
breathing, bilious disorders, foulness of blood, and jaundice. It is
called in Arabic Tubasheer.
211 Poondereek پندريک.—A name
for Kawul.
212 Benowla
بنولا.—The
Cotton-seed. Moist, and heavy; causes bile, increases seminal secretion
and milk, both in the human and brute creation.
213 Punchcheer
پنج
چيز.—Name of a compound made of
the milk of five trees; viz. Burr, Peepul, Palass
peepul, Goolur, Pakur; [44]some, in place of
Palass peepul substitute the Seriss. It is astringent,
useful in boils, eruptions, swellings, and sudden inflammatory
eruptions; (Eczema Rubrum;) also affections of the vagina. It increases
seminal secretion and milk, and promotes the union of fractured limbs.
The leaves of the above-mentioned trees are cool, light, and
astringent; very beneficial in disorders of mucus, wind, and the blood;
their fruit produces swellings of the belly, but is useful in eruptions
caused by superabundance of bile and disorders of mucus.
214 Pungekool پنج
كول پنچ
كول.—A formula of four ingredients; viz.
Peepul, Peepulajab, Chittea, and dried
Ginger. It creates appetite, and is recommended in disorders of
wind, mucus, swellings of the belly, produced by affections of the
urinary bladder, and bad-gola.
215 Punjemool پنچ
مول.—Two kinds, called large and small,
by way of distinction. The large is composed of Bale,
Aginmunth, Padill, Káshmerie Sheonak. Its
taste is bitter and astringent; it is light, hot, and stomachic;
dissolves animal fat, cures disorders of phlegm, wind, and difficulty
of breathing. The small is composed of Gookhroo,
Salpurbi, Bureshtpurbi, Bereta, Rutai. Its
taste is sweet, and its properties are in equilibrium. It strengthens
the system in general, and is useful in disorders of bile and wind.
216 Bindaal بندال.—A creeping
plant, which is found on trees; it resembles the Kusseroo, and
its seed is dark-colored, like those of the Till. Its capsule is
somewhat larger than that of the Kusseroo, covered with a black
rind, which also covers a second. It is very beneficial in the
Zaerbad of horses; is pungent, and creates appetite, and is
useful in wind and mucus. It is common to hills, plains, and ditches.
In the Maadentezerrabad it is said to be a cure for hydrophobia,
in the quantity of two fruits mixed with black pepper. It is said to be
an Indian fruit like the black Hurrhe, light, bitter and elastic: its
rind is hard; and the best kind of it is yellow. It is hot and dry in
the 3rd degree. If pounded and sifted, and after a motion introduced
into the rectum, it will in a few days cause the separation of
hemorrhoids and their discharge. A fumigation of these seeds is also
very beneficial [45]in external piles. If they are bruised and mixed
with cow’s ghee, and introduced into the nose, they will
cure irritability of temper and epilepsy, and remove all complaints
arising from wind. If two or three seeds be moistened with water for a
night, and in the morning two or three drops be introduced into the
nose, it will produce the discharge of that yellow fluid from the brain
which causes the disease named Pirbaal, or loss of sensation in
the olfactory nerves.
217 Bindeakurkotheki بندياكركٹكى.—A
name for Banjekakora, so called from its barrenness; pungent,
useful in poisons and cough.
218 Puns پنس.—A
name for Kutel.
219 Punnus پنيس.—An appellation
for Lackutch.
220 Punealae پنيالاى.—A
plant, “Flacourtia Catafracta;” the fruit of which
resembles the Zerdaloo, and is itself like to the Neemb
tree; the leaves are like those of the ratan; unripe, it is green, but
when ripe red.
221 Poiey پوئى.—“Basella Alba
et Rubra.” A culinary vegetable which grows slow and
creeping; its fruit is black; cool and moist; it is heavy and rough in
the throat, thickens the voice, is soporific; promotes the secretion of
semen and mucus, and cures eruptions from bilious disorder.
222 Podhka پودكها or
Boleserie.—A large tree with very beautiful flowers, of a
sweet smell. It bears fruit like, or rather having the color of the
orange, in size and shape like the Baer, or Bulooth; it
is cool, beneficial in disorders of phlegm, bile, and affections of the
teeth, as has been ascertained by experience. The fruit is cool and
astringent, flatulent, and diminishes phlegm and bile. If chewed and
kept in the mouth, it cures tooth-ache.
223 Boont بونٹ.—“Cicer
Arietenum.” The green, unripe Gram. It is in the opinion of
Indian physicians cool and dry; allays chordee; increases wind; is
light, flatulent, and also favors secretion of bile and blood. The
Yunani physicians differ very materially from those of Hindoostan
respecting its properties.
224 Potie پوٹى.—“Cyprinus
Chyssopareius,” (Buch.) A very small fish; heavy, and
increasing phlegm; it is the smallest of all [46]fish;
sweet to the taste, beneficial in all the three secretions, All the
varieties of small fish are strengthening and aphrodisiac; stomachic,
and useful in affections of wind and cough.
225 Potuck پتگ.—A kind of honey, resembling
ghee; hot, dry, and light.
226 Ponda پوندا.—Saccharum
Officinarum, (Sugar-cane). Sweet, cool, moist, heavy, and
aphrodisiac; strengthening the system; enlivening the flow of animal
spirits; beneficial in bilious disorders, and is diuretic. It increases
the secretion of mucus, and breeds worms in the intestines.
That which is of a red color, is cool and heavy, and
allays general heat; useful in disorders of bile and blood: remedies
suppression of urine. The black Sugar-cane is in its properties like
that which is white. The very best is cool and moist, aphrodisiac,
laxative, and increases mucus.
227 Bole بول.—“Myrrha.” A name for myrrh;
cool, increases knowledge; creates appetite; improves a relish for
food; cleanses the uterus; beneficial in disorders of the blood and
bile, and in Juzam.
228 Podeena پودينا.—“Mentha
Sativa, W. Mentha Crissa, Murray, ii. 178, Mentha
viridis, Woodville, iii. 463.” Arabic, Nana. It is hot
and dry; promotes digestion; allays vomiting from phlegm; is vermifuge,
peculiarly aphrodisiac; increases eye-sight, and is astringent.
229 Phalisae پهليساى or
Phálsa.—The fruit of a tree of Hindoostan, of two
kinds. One sweet, the other acid; the first is called Shukurie,
the second Sherbuttee. The tree of one is small, not above a
yard high. The other is as large as a mulberry tree. The fruit of the
acid kind is the largest; its leaves large, round, and partially
indented. The fruit is at first green, and astringent; when nearly ripe
it is rich, and when it arrives at maturity it assumes a dark-purple
color; when red, it is very acid; and when purple, of a sweetish
acidity. The fruit is like the nightshade berry, or even larger. It is
very grateful to the taste, and beneficial in disorders arising from a
redundance of bile and blood; loosens phlegm, and is less prejudicial
than any other [47]acid fruits. It is also astringent; allays thirst;
strengthens the stomach and system. Its sherbet is excellent in
strengthening the circulation, and removing depression of spirits in
heat, fever, and giving tone to the stomach. It is also recommended in
many other disorders. Its sherbet is a corrector of the mogane. If 48
grains of the bark of the root of the sweet Phálsa be infused
for a night in water, and then rubbed and strained, the infusion forms
an excellent remedy in ardor urinæ and gonorrhœa; yet the
sweet kind is less cooling than the acid species, though I have found
the former the most effectual in giving strength to the circulation and
to the stomach. The expressed juice of the Phálsa in water,
boiled, is used as a condiment.
230 Bhangra بهانگرا.—Eclipta,
or Verbesina Prostrata. A small creeping plant; its flowers very
minute. Some of them white, others of a dark color; the leaves small,
in branches and leaves resembling the mint. Another species is called
Kookur Bhangra; the plant of which is high, long, and large. It
is found at the bottom of old walls. It is bitter, hot, pungent, and
dry; cleanses the skin; cures affections of wind, phlegm, complaints of
the eyes, pains in the head and Juzam. It forms an ingredient in many
famous formulæ. If it be dug up by the roots on a Sunday,
and dried in the shade; washed seven times in the Bale sherbet,
and as often dried in the shade; and as much as may be contained in the
palm of the hand, be eaten daily by those afflicted with white leprosy
and Juzam, the disorders will be
removed. The seed bruised with black Till and sugar, and eaten, will
strengthen the senses of hearing and seeing, and will promote
longevity. If during the four rainy months, the Bhangra be used with
the hurrha, bhaera, and anula, in equal parts, and a fourth part of
peepul, every disorder will be removed, and the hair will become
black.
In the Maadentezerrabad, it is said, that Bhangra
is a shrub, like the Anjedan, but somewhat larger, of a purple or
reddish color; disagreeable to the taste; hot, and dry. Of this there
are three kinds: a yellow, green, and black; it improves the eye-sight,
is beneficial in phlegm and swellings, white leprosy, Juzam, burns,
[48]and black spots in the face. Recent writers have
said much of the virtues of the black kind; its seed is in its
properties equal; beneficial in disorders of wind, phlegm, foulness of
blood, blisters, and difficulty of breathing. If for 50 days nine masha
be pounded, bruised, and taken in water, the hair will not become
white. If the plant (black) be dried in the shade, and six masha be
taken for two months, it will blacken the hair. It is the best external
application for colouring the hair.—See Singia.
231 Phirrhud پهرهد.—The name of a
tree in India. Vermifuge; it cures flatulency, disorders of mucus and
blood. An antidote to poisons; induces corpulency, and remedies seminal
weakness.
232 Bhoje Puttur پهوج
پتر, called also Burje Puttur, (the
birch bark.)—A tree common in Cashmere; the bark of which may be
separated into numerous layers, like the talc, and each layer resembles
paper.—The layers are variegated, and colored with straight
lines; white and red. The Cashmerians use it as paper; in its medical
properties, it is beneficial in disorders of phlegm, bile, and blood;
ear-ache, and possession by evil spirits. In India it is used for
making hookah snakes; and if clothes be lined with it, it will prevent
them from being stained with perspiration. In Persian, it is called
Tooze.
233 Bhoum amulek بهوم
املك.—The anula tree, without the
principal root; it is bitter and astringent, cool, and producing
flatulence; it allays thirst, cough, disorders of bile, blood, and
phlegm; it cures marasmus, and is useful in hurts.
234 Phoje پهوج.—Cool and heavy,
astringent and useful in bilious eruptions, and disorders from
phlegm.
235 Pockurmool پكڑمول.—A root;
bitter, pungent, hot and stomachic; useful in disorders of wind and
phlegm, in fevers, swellings, difficulty of breathing, and in
affections of the liver.
236 Bharingee بهارينگى.—The
bark of a tree in the hills; bitter, pungent, hot, and dry; promotes
appetite; remedies disorders of indigestion, swellings, cough,
disorders of wind, phlegm, difficulty of breathing, fever, and pains in
the uterus.
237 Bhær بهير.—The name for a sheep,
called also Mendha.
238 Bhains بينس.—The Buffalo,
called also Mahaki. [49]
239 Bheria بهيڑيا.—The Wolf;
also named Bhuddha. Its flesh is heavy, beneficial in disorders
of wind, in affections of the eye, and clears the voice. Its teeth
rubbed down in water forms an effectual application in specks of the
cornea. This was used by my father with success. If the teeth be
suspended from the neck of a child, it will preserve the child from the
effects of an evil eye. A. Zeeb. P. Goorg.
240 Phunjeetuck پهن
جيتك.—A species of Loonia;
a culinary green.
241 Bhuhira بہيرا.—“Terminalia
Bellerica, (Roxb. MS.) Beleric myrobalan. P.
Beyleyleh.” In taste it is astringent; grateful during the
process of digestion; hot, dry, and beneficial in disorders of phlegm,
bile, and cough; strengthens the eyes, hair of the head, and the brain.
It produces a slight degree of intoxication. A. Baleludje.
242 Bhelawj بهيلاج.—“Bela,
Semicarpus Anacardium.” It is astringent and sweet to the
taste; hot and light. It promotes appetite; is aphrodisiac; cures
disorders of the wind and phlegm; useful in dropsy, flatulence, Juzam,
piles, diarrhœa, Badgola, fever, and white leprosy. It is
vermifuge, and used in boils and eruptions. A.
Bilâdoúr.
I have found that its kernel used as an ingredient in a
decoction intended to promote aphrodisia, (having used it myself,) is
effectual; it strengthens the stomach and powers of virility, and cures
colds beyond any other medicine.
A friend of mine had a very severe cold in his head, for
which he had taken much medicine without relief. I first gave him the
Nux Vomica to supplant the habit of eating opium, to which he had
become addicted: from this he derived partial benefit; but it soon
became as difficult to refrain from this as from the opium. I then gave
him the kernel of the Bela made into pills with honey, and cured him of
his disorder.
I also gave it to a woman who had a swelling on both
sides of the uterus, which was daily increasing, and this it also
cured.
In short, this is a drug, that when it agrees with the
patient, no medicine is equal in efficacy; but when it disagrees, no
drug is more prejudicial. It will be prudent not to give it to any one
of a hot temperament. [50]
243 Bhoom Kajoor بهوم
كجهور.—A tree as tall as the
Taar tree. The stem rough and serrated; the leaves only growing
at the top; they are long and hard, and used in making mats. The tree
is also called Pinkajoor. It is sweet, cool, and moist; it
allays pain, and is an excellent application in bruises. It is
beneficial in disorders of blood, wind, bile, and debility. The
Pinkajoor is brought from Mooltan or Tattla, and in A. is
called Rittub.
The Rittub, which is brought from Mecca, is
aphrodisiac; strengthens the kidnies, back, tone of the stomach, and
corrects a cold phlegmatic temperament. This is ascertained from
experience. It also increases the volume of blood; but if much is used,
it produces a fermentation therein, unless habit has rendered it
innocent.
244 Bhehi بہى.—“The Quince. The seed
very mucilaginous, and excellent in diarrhœa and
dysentery.” A species of pear, of a yellow color.
245 Boochitter بوچتر.—Some call it
Beechittúr; it is cool and heavy, aperient,
strengthening, increasing the three principal secretions. A.
Jamarookh and Koombi; also Gagundool, vide K.
246 Bhuiteroor بهوئى
ترور.—Whoever shall use this as
their only food for one month, their youth will be prolonged, and their
hair remain black. It will strengthen the solids, and give universal
strength. If it be ate for 40 days, it will produce a sweet smell from
the body. It is laxative, and in A. called Soonamookey.
“Cassia Senna.”
247 Bhoeperus بهوى
پرس.—A name of honey.
248 Bhang بهانگ.—“Canabis
Sativa;” a name for Kainib, called also Bidjia;
it is pungent, bitter, hot, light, and astringent; it promotes
appetite, cures disorders of phlegm, produces idiotism; is the cause of
foolish speech and conduct, or in other words, it intoxicates; if used
in excess it produces fever, and it increases all the deleterious
effects of poison.
The author of the Dhará Shekoi says, that
when he was digging the foundation of a house in Bengal, he found a
board, on which the effects of this drug was written, and on this it
was recorded, that Mahadeo used constantly to eat of this, and that
from its use, he derived the wonderful aphrodisiac power, with
[51]which he was gifted; he says he has tried it, and
found it very beneficial.
Take of Bidjia 64 tolahs, when the sun is in the
division Sirtaam, white sugar 32 tolahs, and pure honey 16
tolahs, cow’s ghee 34 tolahs. First fry the Bidjia in the ghee,
then add the honey in a boiling state, afterwards the sugar: use this
in moderate doses daily, and when it has been used for two months,
strength and intelligence will have become increased, and every
propensity of youth restored; the eye-sight cleared, and all eruptions
of the skin removed; it will prove an exemption from convulsions and
debility, and preserve the bowels at all times in a state of order. It
will likewise give an additional zest for food.
249 Bhoom Kudum بهوم
كدم.—A kind of Kudum.
250 Bhendi بهنڈى.—A very common
vegetable of the culinary kind, from 2 to 3 inches in height: very
mucilaginous. It is sweet; produces wind and phlegm; it diminishes
bile; is diuretic, and increases the seminal secretion.
“Hibiscus Esculentus.”
251 Phaar پهار.—The author of the
Cashmee calls it the medicine of Shaik Furried, because
it was a great favorite of his. It is common at Agra and Delhi; it is
bitter, and difficult of digestion, and hot; it cures fever from phlegm
and bile, also diarrhœa and indigestion, and cholicky pains in
the bowels. Its virtues are many, but too numerous for the compass of
this work. The people of Hindost’han use it as a culinary
vegetable with much benefit.
252 Bhindale
بہندالى.—The
name of Bhindal.
253 Phankra پهانكڑا.—Mahomed
Cassim says, that this tree is the
Dársheeshán, and that the name of its bark is
Kagphill; it is hot, and easy of digestion; it lessens the
secretion of wind and phlegm. It is aperient, and corrects a bad taste
in the mouth.
254 Bhapungi بهاپونگى.—The
author of the Cashmee says, that this is the Anjidan
Roomi. It is pungent bitter, and hot, and is useful in removing
coughs from phlegm, asthma, swellings, wounds, worms in the stomach,
heat, and fever.
255 Phitkerrie پہتكارى.—“Sulphate
of Alumine, Alumen. F. Alaun, G. Allume, I.
Alumbre. S. Sphatica. Shan Shub, A.”
Pungent, astringent, transparent. It increases and clears the
[52]complexion; is beneficial in seminal weakness and
dysuria, in all complaints of the vagina, in vomiting, and in
thirst.
256 Bheroza بهيروزا.—Called
also Gundha Bheroza, (Turpentine.) In its properties it
approaches the Koondhur; but its effects are more drying. If a
tent be made with this, and applied or introduced into the vagina, it
will cure any affection to which that may be subject, and prevent
habitual abortion.
257 Bhateele باٹيل.—In Persian
called Goolqunda. A. Verdmoonuttin.
258 Bhoodill بديل.—The name of a piece of
Talc.
259 Bhoothpees بهوتہةپيس.—A
name for the Ram.
260 Phaloke پهالوک.—A name
for Arloo.
261 Bhu’th Kutaeye بہٹ
كٹيا.—The name of both kinds of
Kutai, “Solanum Jacquini.”
262 Bhohphilly بهوپهيلى.—A
creeping grass, the fibres of which are very thin, and its leaves very
small. Its seed vessels are numerous, thin, and small, about the size
of the nail of the finger; it is aphrodisiac, and thickens the seminal
fluid.
263 Phooth پهوتہة.—“Cucumis
Momordica,” (Roxb.) P. Dustumbœah. Its
properties approach those of the melon when unripe. In my opinion, as
nature has given it a sweet smell, it must be beneficial in
strengthening the heart and brain; but it encourages the attack of
putrid fever. It is used to form a sherbet with sugar and rose-water,
for the above-mentioned beneficial purposes.
264 Bhuntaki بهنٹاكى.—(“The
wild Bhengun; is the Solanum Melongena,”) a name for
Badinjan; sweet, pungent, and penetrating, and during digestion,
bitter, hot, and light; beneficial in diminishing phlegm and bile,
strengthens the circulation, clears the complexion, promotes appetite,
and cures fever and cough.
When ripe, it is hot and heavy, and increases the
bilious secretion. The white kind is inferior in virtue to the black.
Some call it hot, others cold. I have from experience found it
excellent in giving strength to the stomach; that it is very drying,
and produces vitiated bile; from this circumstance it prevents sleep,
or produces unpleasant dreams: its correctors are ghee or oil. Although
I have stated all these properties, yet as a culinary vegetable it is
in very general use, it cannot possess them in any great degree; it is
called Benghun. [53]
265 Pechuck پيچك.—A name for
Bidjosaar.
266 Beedjbund
بيج
بند.—(From the
Maadentezerrabad.) A medicine of India, red and black; its seed
resembles that of the onion, red and shining; the red kind is to be
preferred. It is aphrodisiac, increases seminal secretion, strengthens
the back and loins. It is cool and dry, flatulent and difficult of
digestion; its corrector is sugar; its sucoedaneum, the seed of the
Antungun. The dose is one miskal with equal parts of sugar.
267 Benth
بينة.—“Calamus
Rotang.” Of this there are many kinds; one kind called
Toæikam, another Jillbenth, a fourth
Itchill; the whole four are cool and cure swellings, piles,
pains in the uterus, boils, eruptions, acne, difficulty in voiding
urine, are lithonthriptic, useful
in affections of wind and mucus, also foulness of blood.
Jillbenth is astringent and flatulent, and Itchill is an antidote to
poison.
268 Peetul پيتل.—(Brass.) P.
Bering. It is not an original metal, but a composition. In its
properties it is equally cool, hot, and dry; it cures disorders of
wind, phlegm, jaundice, and affections of the spleen. A kind of this is
called Sonepeetul.
269 Peepul پيپل.—“Ficus
Religiosa.” A tree of India, very large and common; the young
leaves are green, but when well formed become yellowish; it is cool;
cures disorders of bile, phlegm, and blood; is useful in boils and
eruptions. The bark of the tree is aphrodisiac, strengthens the loins,
and restrains watery discharge from the urethra; and this I have found
from experience. Some say, this is called in P. Lirzan. Its fruit is
about twice the size of the Phaìsa. It tastes like the fig. It
is called Peepulie, and is when ripe of a yellowish color. In
the Maadentezerrabad, it is thus mentioned. “The Peepul
tree in Persian is called Lirzan; in the opinion of the inhabitants of
India, cool and dry. Its fruit diminishes the secretion of bile,
promotes digestion, relaxes the bowels; and if the bark be infused in
water and applied to boils, it will hasten suppuration and promote the
discharge of the matter; if the bark be burnt and thrown into water, it
will quickly purify it.”
270 Bale بيل.—A
name for Raebale; cool and light; cures disorders of phlegm, and
is an antidote to poisons. [54]
271 Baele بيل.—“Called also
Byll, Cratœva, or Ægle Marmelos; Wood
Apple.” The name of a fruit which grows like the quince; its
seeds are larger than those of the Ryhan. I have seen the tree,
it is like the Bukaen; its leaves very soft and tender, broad
and long, somewhat like the Moong: on each small sprig it has three
leaves. Some have said that it was originally wild, but subsequently
brought into our gardens; that which is now in gardens is larger than
that which grows uncultivated. The fruit is hollowed out and used as
snuff-boxes, and for several other purposes. It is a very common tree
in India; it is bitter, astringent, and a little sweetish, hot, and
moist; when ripe it is heavy, producing phlegm, bile, and wind, causing
heat of stomach, and is difficult of digestion. It destroys appetite
and induces costiveness; but unripe it is light, strengthens the
circulation, and the whole body; induces costiveness; increases
appetite, hastens digestion, and cures disorders of wind and phlegm. I
have given it with other medicines for the cure of diarrhœa with
good effect. “And in dysentery, a table-spoonful of the pulp,
made into sherbet, and taken several times a day, has been
effectual.”
272 Peeloo پيلو.—“Salvadora
Persica.” “Careya Arborea,” (Roxb.) The Indian
name for this, Araak. It is a wild growing shrub, about the height of a
long spear, (8 feet,) with many branches; it is broad and round in its
general appearances; its leaves thin, and about ½ an inch long.
The fruit is called Peel or Peeludj; it is hot, light, and aperient;
promotes appetite, cures Badgola, piles, affections of the spleen and
wind; is lithonthriptic; useful in disorders of the blood; it produces
bile, and in all favorite formulæ, it forms an ingredient. The
fruit is also called Jhal; it is bitter, laxative, lessens phlegm, general heat, Juzam, fever, and
worms. The wood of the Peeloo used as a tooth-brush, is excellent for
preserving the gums.
273 Peoke پيوک,
or Peossie.—The first milk given by any animal after the
birth of its young. A. Lubba. It increases the bulk of the
solids, and inclination towards aphrodisia, but it causes hiccough, and
the formation of stone in the bladder, and is difficult of digestion;
its corrector is sweetmeats.
274 Peease پياز
پياس.—“Allium Cepa.
Agnon, F. Swiebel, G. [55]Cipolla, I.
Pallandoo, S. Onion.” A. Bosool. Pungent,
and during digestion sweet; hot in a small degree, and in its effects
resembling Garlic. It increases mucus, removes disorders of wind, and
hydrocele. There is a smaller sort, called Karinjun, which
increases bile, produces costiveness, and cures piles. There is a third
kind, which when dried is white, and is recommended to be kept in any
house to prevent the approach of snakes or any venomous reptiles.
275 Peeplamool پيپل
مول.—The name given to the root of the
Peepul tree, but some give the name to the whole tree, and some give
the name to the fibres of the root of any tree; but judging from the
name, I conceive it to be what I have just stated. Mool being root, and
Peepul must indicate the kind of root. The idiom is Indian, and I think
must be correct. It is bitter and pungent, dry and stomachic; promotes
digestion, cures disorders of wind and phlegm, but impairs the
eye-sight and seminal secretions.
276 Bear بيار.—Called also
Konar, “Ziziphus Jujuba.” Sweet, cool, heavy,
aperient, causes wind, produces corpulency, cures disorders of bile,
wind, blood, general heat, and the disease called Rajerogue;
also allays thirst. Another kind of this, named Husthkool, and a
third called Kurkund, q. vide.
277 Peeta پيٹا.—Called also
Khunda, q. vide.
278 Passownie پاسونى.—A name
for Chírkákólie.
279 Bealduntuck بيالدنتك.—A
name for Khárkhúsuck, meaning a snake’s
tooth. This is known to every one.
280 Peeche پيچ.—Congee, or rice water; it is
cool and allays thirst; it is proper food for the sick; drank with rose
water, Beelemoosk and sugar, or with pomegranate sherbet, it
produces cold, strengthens the circulation, and entirely allays general
heat.
281 Beerbahootie بيرباهوٹى.—An
insect very common in the rainy season, resembling scarlet velvet; hot
in the 3rd and moist in the 2nd deg. One insect, with the legs taken
off, ate with Paan, is very efficacious in paralytic disorders, and
other complaints from cold. Bruised and mixed with water, it is used as
an aphrodisiac, in seminal weakness, &c. Its oil is also used as an
external application in debility brought on by onanism, and for giving
strength to the muscular fibres. Its succed. is the Kinchua.
[56]
“I have prescribed the Beerbahootie with
decided good effects in paralysis, commencing with one and increasing
to three or four in the day: 1 or 2 given with a little pounded nutmeg
is said to be very efficacious in spasms in the bowels of
children.”
