SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
An Alphabetical List of Words in Common Use, Grouped with Others of Similar and Opposite Meaning

The aim in compiling this book has been to make the list of words in common use concise yet full, and authoritative yet suggestive. Above five thousand leading words are given, and the synonyms and antonyms comprise several thousand more different words.

Actual references may be multiplied by looking up a synonym or antonym, as well as by consulting cognate words, such as the corresponding noun, verb, or adjective.

In some cases common words have been omitted, because they were composed of a root word and a prefix, intensive or privative. Their synonyms and antonyms may be found under the root word.

Occasionally within the lists words closely synonymous or antonymic have been grouped within semicolons.

The part of speech of a word is designated by an abbreviation in such cases as are necessary to save confusion.

Synonyms appear immediately after the leading word; antonyms, after the abbreviation “Ant.” This order is invariable.

In the effort to make this list authoritative, the standard dictionaries and the acknowledged authorities on the subject have been consulted.

a.

Adjective.

ad.

Adverb.

Ant.

Antonym or Antonyms.

conj.

Conjunction.

interj.

Interjection.

n.

Noun.

p.p.

Past Participle.

prep.

Preposition.

Syn.

Synonym or Synonyms.

v.

Verb.

Abandon. Desert, leave, forsake, depart from, quit, give up, relinquish, discontinue, abdicate, renounce, repudiate, forswear, withdraw from, vacate, surrender, retract, recant, retire from, cast off, abjure, cede, cease, resign, forego, yield, waive, part with, let go, lay down, evacuate, drop, deliver up.

Ant. Claim, cherish, defend, keep, hold, maintain, protect, adopt, uphold, advocate, vindicate, occupy, undertake, prosecute, pursue, follow, seek, guard, favor, retain, support, assert, haunt.

Abandoned. Discarded, rejected and the p.p. of the syn. of “abandon”; depraved, corrupt, profligate, wicked, unprincipled, shameless, sinful, hardened, impenitent, lost, demoralized, vicious, dissolute, reprobate, graceless, obdurate, licentious, incorrigible, irreclaimable, bad.

Ant. The p.p. of the ant. of “abandon”; visited, frequented, sociable; virtuous, good, deserving, worthy, commendable, excellent, laudable; reclaimable, penitent; conscientious, correct, upright, righteous, self-controlled, high-principled, steady.

Abandonment. Desertion, renunciation, surrender, rejection, abandoning, relinquishment, dereliction; cession, resignation, abnegation, demission, abjuration, abdication, defection, abrogation.

Ant. Solicitude, care, heed, watchfulness, vigilance; hospitality, entertainment, conviviality, welcome, reception; retention, completion, reclamation, support, help, correction, custody, tenacity.

Abase. Degrade, reduce, lower, discredit, disgrace, dishonor, humble, sink, humiliate, bring low, cast down, stoop, debase, depress, drop, take down, demean.

Ant. Elevate, exalt, honor, promote, raise, dignify, uplift, aggrandize.

Abasement. Degradation, humiliation, dishonor, degeneracy, shame, depression, reduction, lowering, fall, deterioration, debasement, degeneration, vitiation, perversion, depravation, abjection, disrepute, discredit, subserviency.

Ant. Promotion, exaltation, honor, elevation, aggrandizement, dignity, repute, reputation, standing, supremacy.

Abash. Bewilder, confound, disconcert, discompose, confuse, daunt, humble, dishearten, mortify, shame, humiliate, snub, discountenance.

2Ant. Embolden, cheer, encourage, animate, uphold, rally, countenance, inspirit, abet, incite, buoy.

Abate. Lessen, lower, reduce, diminish, moderate, decrease, decline, ebb, mitigate, subside, suppress, terminate, remove; temper, assuage, alleviate, appease, pacify; remit, allow; relax, slacken; bate, deduct; soothe, soften, qualify, allay, mollify, compose, tranquilize, quiet, quell, calm, dull, blunt; batter down, beat down, demolish, raze.

Ant. Increase, prolong, magnify, foment, enlarge, extend, aggravate, continue, develop, revive, raise, enhance, amplify.

Abatement. Subsidence, decline, lowering, reduction, decrease; allowance, discount, rebate, depreciation, drawback; moderation, lessening, mitigation, assuagement, remission, sinking, settling, waning, fading, ebb, evanishment, declension, deduction, diminution.

Ant. Increase, augmentation, enlargement, increment, accretion, development, growth, aggrandizement, dilation, accession.

Abbreviate. Shorten, contract, curtail, reduce, abridge, condense, epitomize, compress.

Ant. Lengthen, extend, elongate, dilate, expand, amplify, enlarge, produce, stretch, prolong, expatiate.

Abbreviation. Abridgment, contraction, condensation, compend, abstract, epitome, reduction, summary, curtailment, compression.

Ant. Expansion, amplification, expatiation, extension, production, enlargement, dilation.

Abdicate. Resign, relinquish office (especially of the throne), surrender, abandon, vacate, forego, renounce, give up, cede.

Ant. Retain, claim, occupy, maintain, usurp, seize, grasp.

Abdomen. Belly, paunch, ventral region, visceral cavity.

Abduct. Take away (surreptitiously or forcibly), kidnap, run away with, carry off, spirit away, drag away.

Ant. Restore, reinstate, adduct.

Abduction. Withdrawal, drawing away, abstraction, kidnapping, seizure, appropriation.

Ant. Adduction, replacement, restitution, restoration, surrender, reinstatement.

Aberrant. Wandering, rambling, divergent, deviating, devious, erratic; irregular, abnormal, unusual, exceptional.

Ant. Regular, true, consistent, uniform, consecutive, normal, natural, continuous.

Aberration. Wandering, divergence, irregularity, rambling, disconnectedness, hallucination, illusion, delusion, eccentricity, singularity, peculiarity.

Ant. Uniformity, consecutiveness, regularity, progression, continuity, order, type, norm.

Abet. Aid, assist, promote, support, sanction, uphold, countenance, encourage, advocate, incite, instigate, embolden, favor, foment, connive at, coöperate with.

Ant. Hinder, impede, obstruct, frustrate, baffle, confound, counteract, deter, discourage, thwart, contradict, disconcert, disapprove, denounce, dissuade, expose.

Abettor. Assistant, helper, aid, ally, coöperator, advocate, confederate, accomplice, accessory, 3adviser, promoter, instigator, associate, coadjutor.

Ant. Opponent, foe, adversary, antagonist, rival, dissuader, detector, baffler, disconcerter.

Abeyance. Suspense, suspension, expectancy, waiting, anticipation, dormancy, intermission, quiescence, suppression, expectation.

Ant. Renewal, revival, resuscitation, action, operation, exercise, force, possession.

Abhor. Hate, detest, loathe, shrink from, recoil from, shudder at, abominate, despise, dislike, eschew, nauseate, revolt at.

Ant. Crave, desire, enjoy, covet, esteem, like, love, relish, admire, approve, affect.

Abhorrent. Odious, offensive, shocking, repugnant, loathsome, revolting, horrible, repellent, repulsive, nauseating.

Ant. Admirable, enjoyable, lovely, estimable, desirable.

Abide. Wait for, await, attend; endure, tolerate, bear, suffer; anticipate, watch for, expect; bide, continue, reside, dwell, sojourn, tarry, lodge, rest, stay, inhabit, remain.

Ant. Abandon, shun; resist, reject, avoid; deport, migrate, move, journey, continue, proceed, progress.

Abiding. Lasting, continuing, permanent, durable, constant, stable, immutable, changeless, unchanging.

Ant. Ephemeral, fickle, changeable, unsubstantial, perishable.

Ability. Power, force, might, efficiency, vigor, skill, energy, dexterity, adroitness, skilfulness, cleverness, ingenuity, talent, aptitude, facility, knack, expertness, readiness, quickness, strength, capacity, qualification, competency, genius, caliber, capability, capableness, faculty, gift, parts.

Ant. Incapacity, weakness, inability, unreadiness, maladroitness, imbecility, impotence, disability, inaptitude, inefficiency, incompetence, disqualification, helplessness, stupidity, folly.

Abject. Base, vile, mean, low, despicable, contemptible, worthless, groveling, fawning, beggarly, servile, cringing, miserable, degraded, menial, ignoble.

Ant. Dignified, honorable, exalted, worthy, venerable, illustrious, independent, princely, self-assertive, self-reliant, vain, arrogant, insolent, haughty.

Abjure. Renounce, relinquish, reject, forswear, forego, repudiate, disown, give up, retract, revoke, recant, disavow, disclaim, withdraw, take back, deny, apostatize, discard.

Ant. Claim, advocate, acknowledge, profess, vindicate, assert, demand, retain, appropriate, avow.

Able. Accomplished, adroit, talented, clever, ingenious, apt, skilful, efficient, capable, fitted, learned, gifted, masterly, telling, vigorous, strong, proficient, competent, versed, practical, endowed, powerful, mighty.

Ant. Incapable, ineffective, unqualified, stupid, inept, weak, inefficient, unskilful, silly, incompetent.

Ablution. Washing, bathing, cleansing, lavation, purification, baptism.

Ant. Pollution, defilement, dirt, soilure, contamination, taint, stain, abomination, impurity.

4Abnegation. Denial, abjuration, renunciation, rejection, surrender, abandonment, disallowance, abstinence.

Ant. Assertion, vindication, license, claim, indulgence, concession; affirmation, allegation, statement, declaration, word, averment, deposition; proposal, proffer.

Abnormal. Singular, unnatural, unusual, irregular, peculiar, exceptional, aberrant, erratic, monstrous, preternatural.

Ant. Normal, regular, usual, natural, typical, customary, ordinary, common.

Aboard. On board, on the ship, afloat, inside, within.

Ant. Ashore, aground.

Abode. Home, house, place, residence, domicile, habitation, dwelling, lodging, quarters, seat.

Ant. Halt, tent, bivouac, perch.

Abolish. Abrogate, annul, destroy, repeal, revoke, suppress, terminate, rescind, cancel, nullify, suppress, overthrow, extirpate, remove, prohibit, set aside, end, stamp out.

Ant. Establish, support, sustain, cherish, confirm, continue, restore, revive, reinstate, institute, promote, legalize.

Abominable. Hateful, horrible, loathsome, abhorrent, foul, odious, offensive, detestable, impure, execrable.

Ant. Desirable, admirable, enjoyable, pleasing, pure, delectable.

Abomination. Offense, horror, shame, wickedness, abhorrence, aversion, disgust, curse, pollution, iniquity, defilement, corruption, nuisance, annoyance.

Ant. Acquisition, enjoyment, gratification, blessing, desire, longing, delight, benefit, pleasure, satisfaction.

Aboriginal. Primitive, primeval, primary, pristine, native, original, indigenous, autochthonous.

Ant. Subsequent, imported, exotic, recent, modern, late, novel, fresh, immigrant, adventitious.

Abortion. Failure, miscarriage, disappointment, non-success, vain effort, defect, frustration, blunder.

Ant. Success, consummation, completion, realization, perfection, achievement, development, exploit, feat.

Abound. Team, swarm, multiply, swell, increase, flow, luxuriate, flourish, prevail, wanton, revel, exuberate.

Ant. Waste, lack, wane, vanish, lessen, decrease, die, decay, fall.

About. Concerning, regarding, touching, relative to, with reference to, in regard to; near, surrounding, around; almost, nearly, well-nigh; ready, on the point of, on the eve of; around, hind part before.

Ant. Afar, distant, remote; precisely, exactly.

Above. Overhead, aloft, on high; before, previously; higher, having precedence; over, exceeding, beyond, superior, excessive.

Ant. Below, beneath, within; later, subsequently; lower; less, diminished.

Aboveboard. Openly, candidly, frankly, sincerely, fairly, ingenuously, unreservedly, guilelessly.

Ant. Secretly, elusively, underhand, deceitfully, wilily.

Above-named. Named before, aforesaid, above-mentioned, 5above-cited, above-described, mentioned above.

Ant. Named below, described below, hereinafter named.

Abrasion. Rubbing, friction, wearing away or off, disintegration, attrition.

Ant. Accretion, augmentation, increment; supplement, reinforcement.

Abreast. Alongside, side by side, aligned; against, off, opposite to.

Ant. Ahead, astern; behind.

Abridge. Abbreviate, shorten, condense, diminish, reduce, contract, cut down, deprive of, divest of, epitomize, compress.

Ant. Amplify, expand, spread out, extend, dilate.

Abridgment. Summary, synopsis, compend, analysis, abstract, abbreviation, epitome, outline, compendium, digest.

Ant. Amplification, expatiation, exposition, annotation, paraphrase, expansion, comment.

Abroad. Far away, distant, apart, dispersed, aloof, adrift; distracted, confused, dazed, confounded; forth, out of doors.

Ant. Near, close, collected, fast, housed; composed, poised, self-contained; within.

Abrogate. Abolish, cancel, set aside, annul, make void, overrule, invalidate, nullify, repeal.

Ant. Enact, confirm, enforce, establish, continue, revive.

Abrogation. Repeal, rescinding, annulment, abolition, revocation, voidance, cancelation, setting aside; discontinuance, disestablishment.

Ant. Enactment, institution, establishment; sanction, continuance, confirmation.

Abrupt. Sudden, unexpected, hasty, ill-timed, precipitate; steep, precipitous, craggy, rough, rugged, jagged; short, blunt, curt, unceremonious; stiff, cramped, harsh, disconnected.

Ant. Easy, gliding; polished, smooth, undulating; expected, courteous, elegant, complaisant, suave.

Abscond. Depart, steal away, decamp, bolt, disappear, run off, hide, withdraw, retreat, escape, elope, slink or sneak off, absent one’s self.

Ant. Show, appear, emerge, issue, present one’s self.

Absence. Non-attendance, non-appearance, non-existence, absenteeism; inattention, abstraction, preoccupation, musing; want, lack, privation, defect, deficiency.

Ant. Presence, existence, manifestation, evidence, supply; attention, consideration; immanence, inherency.

Absent. Away, gone; abstracted, preoccupied, inattentive, dreaming.

Ant. Present, here; attentive, alert.

Absolute. Perfect, complete, supreme, autocratic, authoritative, commanding, independent, unrestricted, unqualified, unlimited, unconditioned, self-existent, self-determined, ideal; despotic, arbitrary, exacting, domineering, tyrannical, imperious, dictatorial, irresponsible; positive, actual, real, veritable, genuine, certain, categorical, unquestionable.

Ant. Related, responsible, conditioned, limited, qualified, restricted, accountable; ductile, humble, lenient, meek, mild, yielding, compliant, complaisant; dubious, contingent, defective, 6deficient, wanting, lacking, mutilated, incomplete.

Absolution. Acquittal, remission, release, deliverance, forgiveness, pardon, shriving, shrift; indulgence, justification.

Ant. Charge, accusation, condemnation, censure, conviction; penance, purgation, fasting, flagellation.

Absolve. Acquit, clear, exonerate, forgive, free, liberate, release, pardon, set free, discharge, exempt, exculpate.

Ant. Accuse, condemn, convict, impeach, charge, compel; obligate, oblige, bind.

Absorb. Take in, consume, imbibe, swallow, suck up, exhaust; engross, engage, immerse, occupy, arrest, rivet (of attention).

Ant. Give up, disgorge, send out, radiate, throw off, eject; dissipate, distract, disperse.

Absorption. Absorbing, imbibing, assimilation, destruction, consumption, exhaustion; engrossment, engagement, occupation, immersion.

Ant. Ejection, rejection, expulsion, discharge; inadvertency, inattention, oversight, disregard.

Abstain. Refrain, resist, forbear, desist, deny one’s self, avoid, cease, stop, withhold, give up, relinquish.

Ant. Indulge, wanton, revel, yield to, gratify.

Abstemious. Abstinent, sober, moderate, temperate, sparing, frugal, self-denying, continent.

Ant. Sensual, self-indulgent, intemperate, greedy.

Absterge. Wipe off, purge, cleanse, purify, scrub, sponge, scour.

Ant. Soil, pollute, begrime, contaminate, bespatter, bedaub.

Abstersive. Cleansing, purging, purifying, scouring; detergent, cathartic.

Ant. Corruptive, contaminative, offensive.

Abstinence. Temperance, abstemiousness, self-control, self-restraint, self-denial, sobriety, fasting, continence, moderation, frugality.

Ant. Excess, intoxication, self-indulgence, sensuality, wantonness, intemperance, greed, gluttony, revelry, dissipation.

Abstinent. Abstaining, fasting; abstemious, sober, temperate, self-restraining, self-denying, continent, austere.

Ant. Sensual, self-indulgent, intemperate, epicurean, dissipated, incontinent, debauched.

Abstract, n. Epitome, summary, abridgment, compend, synopsis, syllabus, outline, digest, brief, compendium, gist, drift, contents.

Ant. Amplification, disquisition, exposition, expansion, expatiation.

Abstract, v. Appropriate, withdraw, remove, separate, take away, detach, purloin, part, eliminate, distract, discriminate, abridge.

Ant. Add, complete, increase, restore, unite, conjoin, fill up, strengthen, combine.

Abstracted. Separated, withdrawn, removed; subtle, refined, abstruse; inattentive, preoccupied, dreaming, absent-minded, oblivious, thoughtless, negligent, indifferent, heedless, absorbed, absent.

Ant. Intelligible, lucid, transparent; attentive, intent, observant, alert, prompt, ready, thoughtful, wide-awake.

Abstraction. Disconnection, disjunction, 7removal, isolation, separation; preoccupation, revery, inattention, absorption, absence; taking, abduction, seizure, stealing, appropriation, purloining; classification, generalization.

Ant. Addition, conjunction, union, restitution, importation, restoration; enumeration, analysis; attention, specification, observation, individualization.

Abstruse. Hidden, difficult, recondite, profound, deep, curious, occult, dark, obscure, mystical, hard, vague, indefinite, mysterious, abstract, transcendental.

Ant. Patent, simple, obvious, trite, intelligible, manifest, lucid, clear, easy, plain, popular, superficial.

Absurd. Ludicrous, monstrous, nonsensical, preposterous, senseless, ridiculous, foolish, irrational, wild, unreasonable.

Ant. Sensible, rational, reasonable, logical, wise, sagacious, sound, substantial, philosophical, reflective, consistent, true.

Absurdity. Unreasonableness, irrationality, foolishness, folly, fatuity, idiocy, extravagance, drivel.

Ant. Reason, possibility; truism, axiom, maxim, adage.

Abundance. Profusion, wealth, affluence; flow, flood, overflow; copiousness, fertility, richness, largeness, store, plenty, exuberance, plenteousness.

Ant. Scarcity, deficiency, rarity, scantiness, dearth, failure, poverty.

Abundant. Abounding, flowing, plentiful, liberal, bountiful, sufficient, lavish, plenteous, much, copious, replete, full, teeming.

Ant. Rare, scarce, scant, deficient, insufficient, short, niggardly, sparing, impoverished, dry, drained.

Abuse, n. Misuse, dishonor, maltreatment, outrage, reviling, obloquy, defamation, insult, disparagement, reproach, ill usage.

Ant. Kindness, praise, deference, respect, honor, good treatment, good usage.

Abuse, v. Harm, ill-treat, ill-use, injure, wrong, maltreat, oppress, molest, malign, impose on, ruin, victimize, slander, violate, ravish, defile, disparage, damage, defame, misuse.

Ant. Cherish, protect, regard, shield, respect, care for, tend, benefit; laud, favor, applaud, extol, eulogize, praise; uphold, sustain, vindicate, conserve.

Abusive. Insulting, rude, denunciatory, reproachful, injurious, offensive, reviling, insolent, scurrilous, opprobrious.

Ant. Respectful, attentive, laudatory, kind, flattering, courteous, complimentary, obsequious.

Abut. Be adjacent, extend, impinge, project, approximate, be contiguous, adjoin; end, border.

Ant. Diverge, recede, return, retreat, recurve.

Abutment. Terminal support, buttress.

Abuttal. Adjacency, contiguity, nearness, juxtaposition; boundary, terminus, limit, termination.

Ant. Interval, separation, gap, chasm, interspace, fissure, breach.

Abyss. Gulf, gorge, deep, chasm, profound, abysm; the pit.

Ant. Surface, abutment, adhesion, contact, contiguity; heaven.

Academical. Scholastic, learned, literary, collegiate, classical.

8Ant. Illiterate, ignorant, unschooled.

Academy. School, seminary, institute, college, gymnasium, high school; scientific body, association of artists.

Accede. Consent, assent, acquiesce, comply, agree, accept, concur, approve, coincide.

Ant. Decline, withdraw, refuse, demur, protest, dissent, reject.

Accelerate. Hasten, quicken, speed, precipitate, despatch, expedite, hurry, urge, push forward, press on; forward, advance, further.

Ant. Delay, impede, clog, hinder, retard, drag, obstruct.

Accent, n. Stress, beat, emphasis, rhythm, pulsation, intonation, cadence, tone, modulation, ictus.

Ant. Monotony, equableness, babble, flow, smoothness.

Accentuate, Accent, v. Lay stress upon, put the ictus on; emphasize, mark, make prominent.

Ant. Make light of, make insignificant, underestimate, ignore.

Accept. Take, receive; admit, agree to, approve, acknowledge, avow; estimate, regard, value, construe.

Ant. Refuse, decline, reject, ignore, disown, repudiate.

Acceptable. Welcome, pleasing, grateful, gratifying, pleasant, agreeable, pleasurable, seasonable, desirable, expedient.

Ant. Unpleasant, disagreeable, annoying, grievous, ungrateful, unwelcome.

Acceptance. Reception, taking; acknowledgment, approbation, approval, satisfaction, gratification.

Ant. Rejection, refusal, repudiation, exclusion.

Acceptation. Meaning, significance, sense, import, interpretation, construction, understanding; approval, adoption, acceptance.

Access. Entrance, approach, passage, avenue, entry; admission, admittance, audience, interview; addition, increase, gain; accession; attack, onset, fit, paroxysm.

Ant. Exit, egress, departure; exclusion; repulse, recoil; retirement, retreat; quiescence, inertia, languor, torpor.

Accessary, see Accessory.

Accessible. Easy of access, approachable, affable, conversible.

Ant. Distant, cold, unapproachable, difficult.

Accession. Addition, increase, enlargement, extension, augmentation; arrival, influx; attainment (of power).

Ant. Abandonment, decrease, ebb, drain, subsidence, departure, resignation, diminution.

Accessory, n. Confederate, assistant, helper, associate, accomplice; detail, accompaniment, subordinate element; companion, partner.

Ant. Foe, rival, adversary, antagonist, opponent, enemy; principal, instigator.

Accessory, a. Assisting, aiding, abetting, helping, acceding, additional; supplemental, subservient, subsidiary, subordinate, conducive; accompanying, contributory, auxiliary.

Ant. Essential, inherent; superfluous, irrelevant.

Accident. Chance, disaster, happening, hazard, incident, misfortune, calamity, adventure, casualty, mishap, possibility.

Ant. Certainty, provision, plan, intention, appointment, 9calculation, law, necessity, purpose, preparation.

Accidental. Casual, unintended, fortuitous, chance; incidental, immaterial, non-essential; occasional, contingent, adventitious.

Ant. Intended, purposed, prepared, appointed, certain.

Acclamation. Applause, cheer, outcry, homage, gratulation, salutation.

Ant. Censure, execration, denunciation, obloquy, sibilation.

Acclivity. Rise, incline, ascent, steep, hill, height.

Ant. Decline, declivity, hollow, descent, depth.

Accommodate. Oblige, serve, furnish, supply, contain, hold, convenience; adapt, reconcile, adjust, harmonize, suit, conform, arrange.

Ant. Deprive, aggravate, inconvenience, disturb, disoblige; misfit, incommode.

Accommodating. Kind, obliging, considerate, unselfish, polite, yielding, conciliatory.

Ant. Rude, churlish, disobliging, inconsiderate, exacting.

Accompany. Follow, attend, consort with, go with, escort, convoy.

Ant. Abandon, leave, quit, avoid, discard, desert.

Accomplice. Confederate, accessory, abettor, associate, ally, aid, assistant, promoter, coadjutor.

Ant. Rival, enemy, foe, adversary.

Accomplish. Complete, finish, achieve, effect, perform, carry out, attain, realize, consummate, execute, perfect, fulfil, do; equip, furnish.

Ant. Fail, mar, spoil, frustrate, defeat, disconcert, destroy.

Accomplished. Educated, experienced, practiced, finished, versed, consummate, adroit, expert, apt, skilful, talented, fine, qualified, proficient, polite, elegant; completed, effected, established.

Ant. Unskilled, unfettered, ignorant, unpolished, uncouth, inefficient, incapable, inexpert, incompetent.

Accomplishment. Execution, achievement, performance, completion; acquirement, attainment, proficiency, ornament, grace.

Ant. Failure, blunder, folly, stupidity, incompetency, mismanagement, bungling.

Accord. Agree, correspond, harmonize; grant, concede, give, yield, deign, vouchsafe, consent, answer.

Ant. Differ, disagree; withhold, deny, refuse.

Accordant. Agreeable, suitable, consonant, harmonious, congruous, agreeing, corresponding, conformable.

Ant. Adverse, inconsistent, discordant.

Accordingly. Suitably, conformably, agreeably; consequently, therefore, hence, wherefore.

Ant. Conversely, inconsistently, impertinently.

Accost. Approach, address, salute, greet, confront, speak to.

Ant. Depart, rebuff, check, repulse, shun, elude, pass, ignore.

Account, n. Record, register, inventory; bill, charge; count, calculation, enumeration; statement, description, narration, relation, narrative, recital, chronicle, history; explanation, exposition; 10consideration, regard, motive, reason; importance, worth, dignity, profit, advantage, benefit.

Ant. Suppression, silence; attempt, project; misannouncement.

Account, v. Esteem, regard, deem, judge, think, hold, believe, consider, view; estimate, reckon, rate; explain, solve.

Ant. Underrate, undervalue; disesteem, misestimate; mystify, perplex, darken.

Accountable. Responsible, punishable, answerable, liable, amenable; accredited, delegated.

Ant. Independent, absolute, supreme, despotic, autocratic.

Accouter. Equip, furnish, dress, fit out, arm, array.

Ant. Despoil, impoverish, denude, strip, bare.

Accredit. Credit, authorize, trust, empower, commission, depute.

Ant. Recall, supersede, dismiss, discard; disbelieve, distrust, suspect.

Accredited. Authorized, commissioned, sanctioned; confidential, trusted, believed.

Ant. Unauthorized, distrusted, discredited.

Accretion. Growth, accumulation, adhesion, coherence, increase.

Ant. Abrasion, disintegration, diminution.

Accrue. Result, arise, issue, ensue, follow, proceed, come, increase, augment.

Ant. Cause, occasion; reduce, weaken, abate.

Accumulate. Pile, collect, gather up, bring together; store, amass, garner, treasure, husband, lay by, hoard; aggregate.

Ant. Separate, dissipate, disperse, scatter, waste, expend.

Accumulation. Collection, heap, mass, accretion, hoard, store.

Ant. Separation, segregation; unit, individual; prodigality, leakage, expenditure.

Accuracy. Exactness, precision, nicety, truth, carefulness, correctness, exactitude, fidelity.

Ant. Looseness, slovenliness, incorrectness, error, fallacy, misconception, misstatement.

Accurate. Careful, exact, faithful, precise, truthful, correct, rigorous, close, severe, just, unerring.

Ant. Inexact, faulty, inaccurate, defective, loose, careless.

Accusation. Charge, indictment, arraignment, impeachment, imputation, crimination, censure.

Ant. Discharge, acquittal, vindication, absolution, approval.

Accuse. Charge, indict, arraign, incriminate, impeach, cite, summon, tax, censure, taunt, blame, reproach.

Ant. Discharge, acquit, defend, vindicate, exonerate, pardon, absolve, condone, release.

Accustom. Habituate, use, be wonted, harden, familiarize, train, addict, drill, break in, discipline.

Ant. Estrange, wean, alienate, dishabituate.

Acerbity. Sourness, acidity, tartness, bitterness, roughness, harshness, acrimony.

Ant. Sweetness, mildness, softness, gentleness, smoothness.

Ache, n. Pain, dull or continued pain, anguish, suffering, agony.

Ant. Pleasure, relief, ease, refreshment, delight.

11Achieve. Accomplish, perform, complete, finish, realize, bring to pass, work out, conclude; obtain, acquire, gain, win, get.

Ant. Neglect, undo, mar, omit; fail of, lose.

Achievement. Accomplishment, performance, attainment, completion, consummation; exploit, deed, feat.

Ant. Forfeit, failure, negligence, frustration, blunder.

Acknowledge. Recognize, be aware of; admit, concede, allow, accept; confess, avow; express thanks for; own or profess.

Ant. Disclaim, disown, deny, repudiate, ignore, disavow.

Acme. Summit, zenith, climax, top, apex, vertex, pinnacle, culmination.

Ant. Base, nadir, depth, ground, foundation, foot, root.

Acquaintance. Association, familiarity; friend; intimacy, companionship, experience, knowledge, friendship, fellowship.

Ant. Ignorance, inexperience, unfamiliarity, ignoring.

Acquiesce. Assent, concur, yield, comply, submit, agree, consent.

Ant. Object, demur, dissent.

Acquire. Gain, earn, win, reap, obtain, attain, achieve, get, secure; master, learn thoroughly.

Ant. Lose, surrender, miss, forego, forfeit.

Acquit. Discharge, exonerate, release, absolve, excuse, pardon, exculpate.

Ant. Charge, condemn, sentence, compel, indict, imprison.

Acquittal. Discharge, release, deliverance, liberation, absolution.

Ant. Judgment, punishment, penalty, trial, retribution, correction, castigation.

Acrimony. Bitterness, sharpness, sourness, tartness, severity, asperity, hardness, rancor, ill-temper, spite, unkindness.

Ant. Gentleness, good nature, kindness, sweetness, courtesy.

Act, n. Deed, performance, exploit, accomplishment, achievement, effect, movement, transaction, work.

Ant. Cessation, inertia, quiescence, inaction, rest, repose, quiet, deliberation.

Act, v. Work, do, perform, execute; behave; play, feign, pretend, dissemble; operate, have effect; be, realize, actualize.

Ant. Rest, cease, stop, stay; neglect, omit, mar, undo; expose, reveal, vaunt; be quiescent or latent; fancy; endure, suffer.

Action. Exercise, motion, movement, deed, performance; agency, force, operation; battle, conflict; gesture; representation, play; subject, plot; lawsuit, case.

Ant. Inertia, torpor, languor; quiescence, rest, passiveness; harmony, truce, peace.

Active. Agile, brisk, alert, lively, quick, prompt, ready, spry; industrious, energetic, busy, diligent.

Ant. Dull, idle, indolent, lazy, quiet, slow, stupid.

Actual. Real, true, genuine, certain, absolute, positive, veritable, substantial; present, sensible, perceptible.

Ant. Possible, fictitious, supposititious, virtual, theoretical, hypothetical, conjectural.

Acumen. Discernment, penetration, keenness, shrewdness, insight, sharpness, sagacity, acuteness.

12Ant. Dulness, obtuseness, stupidity, bluntness.

Acute. Sharp, pointed, keen, shrewd; violent, intense; high, sudden, severe, distressing; subtile, ingenious, sagacious, discerning.

Ant. Dull, blunt, obtuse, stupid, heavy; chronic; stolid.

Adaptation. Adjustment, fitness, conformity, suitableness, aptness, harmony.

Ant. Incompatibility, incongruity, misfit, discord.

Add. Sum up, increase, adjoin, append, attach, augment, enlarge, amplify, annex, affix.

Ant. Deduct, subtract, lessen, reduce, remove, diminish.

Addicted. Habituated, disposed to, inclined, prone, attached to, devoted, given over to, wedded to.

Ant. Averse, disinclined, unaccustomed, indisposed, divorced from.

Addition. Accession, enlargement, increase, extension, accretion, augmentation, adjunct.

Ant. Subtraction, decrease, diminution.

Address, n. Courtesy, manners, politeness, tact, ingenuity, dexterity, discretion, adroitness; discourse, harangue, oration, lecture, speech, appeal, request, suit, solicitation.

Ant. Clumsiness, rudeness, stupidity, unmannerliness, folly; refusal.

Address, v. Accost, approach, court, greet, hail, salute, speak to.

Ant. Avoid, elude, ignore, shun, cut, pass, overlook.

Adduce. Offer, present, advance; cite, quote, introduce, name, mention; allege.

Ant. Withdraw, except, deduct, suppress, retract.

Adept. Expert, master, proficient, genius, veteran, professor.

Ant. Novice, tyro, blunderer, inexpert.

Adequate. Equal, competent, fitted, qualified, suitable, sufficient, capable, adapted, satisfactory; proportionate, commensurate.

Ant. Inferior, poor, useless, worthless, unfit, incompetent.

Adhere. Stick, cling, cohere, hold, cleave; belong, pertain; be attached, fixed, or devoted.

Ant. Part, separate, sunder, sever, give way.

Adherence. Tenacity, attachment, constancy, fidelity, devotion, partisanship; adhesion.

Ant. Desertion, separation, disunion, unfaithfulness.

Adjacent. Near, close, bordering, adjoining, contiguous, beside.

Ant. Separate, distant, remote, detached, disconnected.

Adjourn. Postpone, delay, defer; suspend, interrupt, close, end, dissolve.

Ant. Despatch, hasten, conclude, complete, terminate, consummate.

Adjunct. Addition, appendage, accessory, aid, advantage, help; colleague, associate.

Ant. Detriment, impediment, hindrance, obstruction, detraction.

Adjure. Entreat, beseech, pray, supplicate, implore, beg; swear by.

Ant. Defy, deprecate, remonstrate, dare, expostulate, warn.

Adjustment. Arrangement, disposal; settlement, agreement, understanding; fitting, adaptation, conformity; regulation, rectification, accommodation.

Ant. Disturbance, disorder, 13confusion; dissension, divergence; non-conformity.

Administer. Dispense, distribute, supply; direct, manage, control, superintend; offer, proffer, tender.

Ant. Withhold, refuse, retain; betray, mismanage; repulse, rebuff.

Admiration. Wonder, approval, love, surprise, astonishment, appreciation, reverence, high regard.

Ant. Disapproval, contempt, dislike.

Admire. Honor, esteem, approve, adore, wonder at, venerate, extol, marvel at, applaud, revere, respect.

Ant. Despise, dislike, execrate, hate, abhor, scorn, detest.

Admissible. Allowable, lawful, permissible, possible, probable.

Ant. Absurd, preposterous, improper, wrong, unlawful.

Admission. Admittance, entrance, access; avowal, acknowledgment, concession, concurrence, allowance.

Ant. Denial, contradiction, rejection, negation.

Admit. Receive; accept, acknowledge, own, confess; permit, allow, suffer.

Ant. Exclude, debar; disown, deny; dismiss, reject, repudiate.

Admonish. Advise, warn, caution, counsel, censure, rebuke, reprove; forewarn, remind, dissuade; instruct, teach, apprise, acquaint.

Ant. Encourage, urge, countenance, applaud, abet, instigate.

Admonition. Caution, warning, advice, counsel, instruction, reminder, hint, reproof, reprehension.

Ant. Applause, encouragement, incitement, urging, instigation.

Ado. Trouble, toil, labor, pains; bustle, stir, fuss, noise, turmoil.

Ant. Quiet, calm, composure, tranquillity.

Adopt. Appropriate, assume; approve, accept, support, maintain; affiliate, father.

Ant. Reject, discard; renounce, abandon, disclaim; disown, repudiate.

Adoration. Worship, devotion, homage, reverence, veneration, idolatry.

Ant. Execration, disesteem, abomination, abhorrence, hatred, detestation.

Adorn. Beautify, decorate, embellish, ornament, garnish, illustrate, gild, bedeck, grace, dignify, honor, exalt.

Ant. Mar, spoil, deface, disfigure, deform, denude, strip.

Adroit. Dexterous, expert, skilful, apt, handy, quick, clever, ready, deft, ingenious, cunning.

Ant. Clumsy, unskilful, awkward, bungling, unhandy, maladroit.

Adulation. Flattery, extravagant compliment, fulsome praise, fawning, sycophancy, blandishment, obsequiousness.

Ant. Defamation, obloquy, ridicule, satire, sarcasm, detraction, aspersion, libel.

Adumbrate. Shadow, outline, indicate, hint, trace, delineate; typify, represent, symbolize; darken, obscure, hide, conceal.

Ant. Fulfil, realize, embody; misrepresent; reveal, illumine.

Advance, n. Progress, improvement, growth; offer, proposal, overture, tender, proposition; rise, appreciation.

14Ant. Regress, return, retrogression; diminution; depreciation.

Advance, v. Push or send forward, propel; promote, elevate, dignify, exalt; improve, strengthen, benefit; propose, offer; furnish, lend, loan; increase, augment, raise; proceed, progress; thrive, prosper; accelerate.

Ant. Retard, hinder, withhold, withdraw; suppress, degrade, depress; oppose, recall, weaken, retreat; lessen, diminish.

Advantage. Benefit, profit, expediency, favorable opportunity, blessing; behalf, account, interest; privilege, convenience, assistance, utility, service.

Ant. Loss, disappointment, frustration, difficulty, dilemma.

Advent. Approach, coming, arrival, accession.

Ant. Departure, exit, exodus, retirement.

Adventitious. Accidental, incidental, extrinsic, non-essential, foreign, casual; redundant, superfluous.

Ant. Intrinsic, pertinent, regular, proper, necessary, appropriate.

Adventure. Chance, hazard, risk, venture, experiment, trial; event, incident, occurrence, contingency, crisis.

Ant. Matter-of-fact, matter-of-course; prospect; monotony, routine.

Adventurous. Bold, daring, venturesome, rash, reckless, headlong; dangerous, perilous, uncertain; fearless, enterprising.

Ant. Timid, nervous, hesitating, cautious, cowardly.

Adversary. Foe, enemy, antagonist, opponent, rival, assailant.

Ant. Ally, helper, assistant, accomplice, aider, abettor, accessory.

Adverse. Opposite, contrary, conflicting; hostile, injurious, harmful; unlucky, unfortunate, disastrous.

Ant. Favorable, friendly, propitious, fortunate, lucky.

Adversity. Calamity, affliction, trouble, disaster, woe, distress, suffering.

Ant. Success, prosperity, advancement, good luck.

Advert to. Consider, notice, remark, heed, attend, refer, allude, mention, touch upon; regard.

Ant. Ignore, pass, drop, overlook, omit.

Advertent. Mindful, regardful, attentive, watchful, observant, thoughtful, considerate, heedful.

Ant. Thoughtless, heedless, inconsiderate, inattentive.

Advertise. Announce, publish, proclaim, declare, circulate, noise abroad; offer for sale; inform, notify, apprise; promulgate.

Ant. Suppress, ignore, hush, conceal; mislead, misinform.

Advice. Counsel, suggestion, admonition, instruction, caution; tidings, intelligence, notice; deliberation, care, forethought; recommendation, exhortation, information.

Ant. Remonstrance, restraint, expostulation, prohibition; deception, delusion.

Advisable. Judicious, expedient, politic, prudent, desirable, beneficial, profitable; proper, fitting.

Ant. Imprudent, undesirable, inexpedient, improper, detrimental.

Advocate. Counsel, lawyer, attorney; 15defender, promoter, friend, patron, supporter, pleader, maintainer.

Ant. Accuser, impugner, gainsayer, adversary, opponent.

Affable. Open, free, frank, unreserved; accessible, familiar; cordial, social, courteous, polite, obliging, urbane, benign, gracious, mild, well-bred; condescending.

Ant. Distant, unapproachable, inaccessible, haughty, contemptuous, supercilious.

Affair. Business, concern, function, matter, circumstance, question, subject; event, incident, occurrence, performance; battle, combat, engagement, skirmish, collision, brush, encounter.

Ant. Detail, item, feature, point.

Affect. Influence, change, transform, modify, alter; concern, interest, touch, move, impress; crave, yearn, desire, like; assume, adopt, feign, pretend; operate, act on; melt, soften, subdue, overcome.

Ant. Shun, repel, repudiate, spurn, dislike, eschew.

Affectation. Airs, mannerism, pretension, pretense, foppery, display.

Ant. Simplicity, artlessness, naturalness, genuineness.

Affection. Feeling, passion, attachment, fondness, tenderness, love; propensity, disposition; endearment, devotion, partiality; attribute, quality, characteristic, mark.

Ant. Indifference, repulsion, disaffection, repugnance.

Affiance. Trust, confidence, homage, reliance, betrothal, fealty, faith, plighting.

Ant. Disloyalty, distrust, treason, suspicion, infidelity.

Affiliate. Associate, adopt, join, connect, incorporate, annex.

Ant. Sever, transplant, separate, disjoin, dissociate.

Affinity. Relationship, kin, consanguinity, propinquity; likeness, resemblance, relation, analogy, connection, correspondence; sympathy, attraction.

Ant. Repugnance, discordance, antipathy, antagonism.

Affirm. Assert, swear, state, declare, maintain, allege, protest, confirm, ratify, approve, endorse, aver, asseverate, assure, avouch, establish.

Ant. Deny, doubt, demur, contradict, negative, gainsay, impugn, oppose, dispute.

Affirmation. Avowal, declaration, statement, assertion, testimony, deposition, confirmation, ratification, approval, endorsement.

Ant. Doubt, denial, contradiction, disputation, disapproval.

Affix. Join, annex, attach, fasten, connect to, unite to, append.

Ant. Remove, detach, separate, unfasten.

Affliction. Adversity, misfortune, grief, sorrow, distress, tribulation, disaster, trial, misery, calamity, pain, anguish, trouble, hardship.

Ant. Consolation, relief, blessing, gratification, pleasure.

Affluence. Wealth, fortune, riches, opulence, abundance, plenty, profusion.

Ant. Want, scarcity, poverty, penury, lack, indigence.

Afford. Supply, furnish, contribute, bestow, offer, confer, bear, endure, support, yield, impart, administer.

Ant. Withhold, deny, retain, stint, grudge, withdraw.

16Affray. Quarrel, tussle, scuffle, scrimmage, collision, brawl, disturbance, fight, rumpus, struggle, contest, strife, encounter, feud, tumult.

Ant. Peace, amity, friendship, good will.

Affront. Outrage, insult, abuse, annoyance, displeasure, offense, provocation, wrong, vexation, wound, exasperation, irritation.

Ant. Courtesy, homage, amends, compliment, apology.

Afire. Ablaze, burning, ignited, aflame.

Ant. Out, quenched, extinguished.

Afloat. Adrift, at sea, abroad, loose; happening, betiding, brewing.

Ant. Moored, anchored, aground, stranded, fixed, steadfast, firm.

Afoot. Afloat, preparing, forthcoming, ready, brewing, on hand, astir.

Ant. Unprepared, unprovided for, inactive, sluggish, latent.

Aforesaid. Above-mentioned, foregoing, preceding, abovenamed.

Ant. Following, subsequent, subjoined, forthcoming, after-cited.

Afraid. Fearful, timid, apprehensive, anxious, alarmed, terrified, frightened.

Ant. Fearless, bold, confident, reckless, venturesome, indifferent, secure, hopeful, audacious.

Afresh. Anew, again, newly, frequently, repeatedly, once more.

Ant. Uniformly, connectedly, continuously.

After. Subsequent, later; following, behind, rear, back, posterior; concerning, about, for, in relation to; in imitation of, in the pattern of.

Ant. Before, preceding, introducing; in front of; opposite; facing; previous or prior to, afore; in advance; previously, already.

Again. Anew, afresh, repeatedly; further, moreover, besides; on the contrary; back, in answer or restitution, in return; once more.

Ant. Once, continuously, uninterruptedly, uniformly.

Against. Opposite, across, adverse to, counter to, athwart; facing, fronting, close up to, in contact with; for, in preparation for, in expectation of; in compensation for, in requital of, to match.

Ant. With, for, beside, accompanying, aiding, promoting.

Agape. Yawning, open-mouthed; wondering, gazing, dazed, amazed; curious, inquisitive, agog, astare, eager.

Ant. Listless, lukewarm, incurious, indifferent.

Age. Duration; period, date, epoch, time; maturity, generation; era, century.

Ant. Infancy, youth, boyhood, childhood; moment, instant.

Agent. Actor, doer, operator, promoter, performer; cause, force, power; deputy, factor, attorney, representative, substitute; means, instrument.

Ant. Counteragent, counteractor, opponent, neutralizer; chief, principal; originator, inventor.

Agglomeration. Accumulation, heap, pile, mass, conglomeration, cluster.

Ant. Dispersion, division, separation, sifting, dissipation.

Aggrandize. Exalt, honor, elevate, 17dignify, promote, advance, enrich, augment.

Ant. Degrade, impoverish, debase, humiliate, dishonor, lower.

Aggravate. Exasperate, provoke, wound, make worse, intensify, embitter, heighten.

Ant. Soothe, assuage, palliate, diminish, conciliate, alleviate.

Aggregation. Collection, accumulation, mass, heap, pile, amount, total, sum, result, whole, agglomeration.

Ant. Dispersion, dissipation, separation, division; unit; element, individual, ingredient, item.

Aggression. Attack, invasion, encroachment, assault, injury, offense, onslaught, provocation, intrusion.

Ant. Retaliation, repulsion, retreat, resistance, evacuation.

Aghast. Dismayed, horrified, terrified, frightened; amazed, astounded, startled, astonished, dumfounded.

Ant. Cool, fearless, indifferent, unmoved, unaffected, unexcited.

Agile. Nimble, active, lively, smart, prompt, alert, supple, brisk, quick, ready, sprightly, spry.

Ant. Slow, heavy, clumsy, bulky, awkward, inert, ponderous.

Agitate. Disturb, trouble, shake, jar, convulse; excite, rouse, ferment; fluster, hurry, disconcert; discuss, controvert, debate, examine, ventilate, investigate; deliberate, contrive, devise, plan.

Ant. Calm, allay, pacify, smooth, compose, quiet; solve, determine, settle.

Ago. Past, gone, since.

Ant. Future, coming, hereafter, hence.

Agony. Anguish, torture, torment, distress, throe, pangs, pain, suffering, woe, excruciation.

Ant. Assuagement, comfort, relief, composure, ease, enjoyment.

Agree. Accept, assent, approve, comply, consent, concur, admit, accede.

Ant. Contend, disagree, deny; dissent, dispute, protest, oppose, demur, differ; decline.

Agreeable. Suitable, proper, appropriate, befitting, accordant, conformable, consonant, welcome, amiable, pleasing, gratifying.

Ant. Unpleasant, disobliging, obnoxious, disagreeable, unwelcome, offensive, inharmonious, unaccommodating.

Agreement. Contract, compact, bond, bargain, covenant, harmony, liaison, obligation, undertaking, treaty.

Ant. Promise, understanding, parole; discord, dissension.

Agriculture. Farming, husbandry, cultivation of the soil, tillage.

Ant. Fallowness, sterility, unproductiveness, waste.

Aground. Ashore, stranded, not afloat; exhausted in resources.

Ant. Afloat, loose, abroad, adrift; flush.

Ahead. In front, forward, onward, in advance.

Ant. Abaft, astern, back, behind, aft.

Aid. Help, support, assist, serve, befriend, minister to, relieve, succor; supply, give alms to; foster, protect, encourage, favor.

Ant. Oppose, discourage, thwart, baffle, deter, confront.

18Ailing. Sick, ill, indisposed, unwell, feeble, infirm, weakly, delicate, unhealthy, pining.

Ant. Well, healthy, energetic, strong, vigorous.

Ailment. Disease, malady, indisposition, distemper, complaint.

Ant. Health, sanity, convalescence, vigor, recovery.

Aim. Direction, course, tendency, bent, proclivity, bearing; intention, purpose, design, scheme; reason; view, scope, drift, mark, goal, point; endeavor, attempt, aspiration, determination.

Ant. Deviation, divergence, deflection, digression, aberration; tangent; venture, leap, fluke, chance, hazard, speculation; neglect, avoidance, carelessness, oversight.

Air. Atmosphere, gas; breeze, vapor, zephyr, wind; weather; appearance, aspect, manner, sort, style, way, behavior, carriage, bearing, expression, look, demeanor, mien, fashion; tune.

Airy. Aërial, thin, rare, ethereal; light, subtle, sublimated; sprightly, buoyant, vivacious, volatile, jolly, jovial, light-hearted; graceful, lithe, pliant, flexible, showy, jaunty, flaunting, garish; windy, empty.

Ant. Thick, ponderous, heavy, inert, clumsy, dull, sluggish, wooden, slow, cheerless, sullen, doleful, leaden, lugubrious.

Akin. Related, allied, homogeneous, cognate, similar, congenial, sympathetic.

Ant. Foreign, alien, hostile, heterogeneous, dissimilar.

Alacrity. Readiness, briskness, activity, quickness, willingness, promptness, compliance, cheerfulness, eagerness, gaiety, agility.

Ant. Slowness, reluctance, repugnance, aversion, refusal, shrinking, recoil, disinclination.

Alarm. Summons, tocsin, distress signal, war-cry; fear, terror, apprehension, consternation, dismay, dread, affright.

Ant. Lullaby; confidence, quiet, composure, assurance, courage.

Alert. Lively, prompt, ready, prepared, vigilant, wide-awake, bustling, active, brisk, nimble, watchful, sprightly, agile.

Ant. Slow, lazy, absent, oblivious, sluggish, dilatory, drowsy.

Alien, n. Foreigner, stranger.

Ant. Citizen, countryman, native, naturalized person.

Alien, a. Strange, foreign, hostile, remote, distant, contrasted, contrary, unlike, unconnected.

Ant. Pertinent, essential; domesticated, naturalized; germane, akin, appropriate.

Alienation. Estrangement, transfer, conveyance, disaffection, variance, rupture, breach; (relating to the mind) insanity, aberration, delusion, lunacy, delirium, mania, imbecility.

Ant. Confederacy, coalition, alliance, league, union; sanity, soundness, sobriety, rationality.

Alight. Perch, settle, drop, lodge; dismount, descend.

Ant. Soar, spring, ascend, start, mount.

Alike. Similar, kindred, same, resembling, equivalent, homogeneous, identical, analogous, uniform, akin, allied.

Ant. Different, unequal, dissimilar, unlike, heterogeneous, distinct, various.

Aliment. Food, nourishment, subsistence, fare, diet, regimen, nutriment, viands, meat, sustenance.

Ant. Poison, bane; starvation, 19exhaustion; venom, scourge.

Alive. Living, quick, subsisting, animate, alert, active, breathing; sensitive, susceptible; operative; cheerful, joyous; brisk.

Ant. Dead, defunct, lifeless, deceased; inanimate, dull; departed, cold; dispirited.

All, n. Whole, totality.

Ant. Part, piece, share, portion.

All, a. Whole, entire, complete, total; each, every.

Ant. Some, part.

Allay. Repress, restrain, check, subdue, silence, still, hush, soothe, compose, calm, appease, lull, alleviate, mitigate, solace, abate, relieve, palliate.

Ant. Aggravate, arouse, excite, stir, kindle, fan, provoke.

Allege. Declare, affirm, claim, maintain, state, asseverate; advance, aver, introduce; profess, cite.

Ant. Contradict, gainsay, refute, deny, disprove, quash.

Allegiance. Fealty, loyalty, devotion, homage, faithfulness, obedience.

Ant. Treason, rebellion, sedition, disloyalty, disaffection.

Allegory. Parable, fable, myth, story, tale, apologue, metaphor, illustration, simile.

Ant. History, fact, narrative, chronicle, record.

Alleviate. Abate, mitigate, reduce, relieve, lessen, assuage, remove, soften, moderate, lighten.

Ant. Augment, increase, heighten, intensify, magnify, aggravate, enhance, embitter.

Alliance. Connection, relationship, affinity; confederacy, league, union, treaty, co-partnership, coalition; affiliation, similarity.

Ant. Separation, estrangement, divorce; antagonism, disruption, enmity, hostility, schism, secession.

Allot. Divide, apportion, distribute, deal out, dispense; assign, grant, give, appoint, destine.

Ant. Refuse, retain, misdeal, deny, confiscate, appropriate, seize, withhold.

Allow. Grant, own, confess, admit; permit, let, authorize; suffer, tolerate, endure; yield, give, grant; approve, sanction, abate, remit.

Ant. Protest, refuse, deny, disapprove, forbid, disallow, reject, withstand, resist.

Allowance. Leave, permission, sanction, approval; admission, acknowledgment, assent; commission; qualification, exception; ration.

Ant. Refusal, disapproval, denial; ratification, confirmation.

Alloy, n. Admixture, adulteration, deterioration, debasement, disparagement, drawback.

Ant. Genuineness, enhancement, purity, integrity.

Allude. Intimate, insinuate, point, refer, suggest, signify, hint, imply, indicate, mention.

Ant. Demonstrate, specify, declare.

Allure. Decoy, entice, coax, attract, tempt, inveigle, seduce.

Ant. Dissuade, repel, warn, chill, damp, drive away, deter, alarm, terrify.

Allusion. Hint, suggestion, intimation, reference, implication, innuendo.

Ant. Mention, demonstration, specification.

Ally, n. Assistant, helper, aider, friend, associate, colleague, partner, accessory, accomplice.

20Ant. Opponent, adversary, foe, enemy, antagonist.

Aloft. Above, skyward, heavenward, overhead, in the air.

Ant. Beneath, earthward, below.

Alone. Solitary, sole, single, isolated.

Ant. Accompanied, associated.

Along. Lengthwise, onward, forward; together, beside, simultaneously.

Ant. Across, sidewise or sideways, lateral; apart, tandem.

Aloof. Apart, distant, away, off.

Ant. Close, near, together, unitedly.

Aloud. Distinctly, audibly, vociferously, clamorously, sonorously.

Ant. Softly, silently, inaudibly.

Also. As well, likewise, too, similarly, withal, besides, in addition, in like manner.

Ant. Nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the contrary, but, yet, in spite of, on the other hand.

Alter. Change, turn, vary, modify, shift, substitute, remodel, transform, convert.

Ant. Conserve, perpetuate, preserve, arrest, solidify, retain.

Alteration. Change, variation, modification, shifting, mutation.

Ant. Changelessness, identity, fixity, permanence.

Altercation. Dispute, contention, controversy, difference, quarrel, wrangle, dissension.

Ant. Concord, agreement, compromise, reconciliation, unanimity, harmony, consonance.

Alternate. Reciprocal, every other one, one after another, in turn, interchangeable, mutual.

Ant. Continuous, successive, consequent, proximate, sequent.

Alternative. Choice, option, preference, election, pick, resource.

Ant. Compulsion, quandary, necessity; fixity, changelessness.

Although. Albeit, even if, supposing, grant that.

Ant. Yet, notwithstanding.

Altitude. Height, elevation, loftiness, ascent, eminence.

Ant. Depth, declivity, descent, abasement.

Altogether. Collectively, conjointly, wholly, quite, completely, totally, utterly, entirely, thoroughly, fully, in the mass.

Ant. Partially, piecemeal, by instalments, partly, incompletely, by halves, wanting; individually, separately.

Altruism. Philanthropy, unselfishness, public spirit, devotion to others, self-sacrifice, self-forgetfulness, generosity.

Ant. Selfishness, self-indulgence, worldliness, meanness; egoism.

Always. Ever, forever, eternally, for aye, evermore, everlastingly, perpetually; uniformly, invariably, generally, habitually.

Ant. Now, momently, instantly, suddenly; sometimes, occasionally.

Amalgamate. Mix, commingle, unite, combine, blend, compound, incorporate, join, fuse, consolidate.

Ant. Disintegrate, decompose, disperse, separate, dissipate, analyze.

Amaranthine. Of the amaranth; fadeless, imperishable, undying, 21immortal, perennial; purplish, amethystine.

Ant. Ephemeral, perishable, mortal, fading.

Amass. Accumulate, heap up, collect, gather, hoard, store up.

Ant. Disperse, divide, scatter, spend, squander, waste, dissipate; portion, distribute, parcel.

Amateur. Lover, votary, devotee; beginner, neophyte, novice, tyro, dilettante.

Amazement. Astonishment, bewilderment, wonder, marvel, stupefaction, confusion, perplexity, awe.

Ant. Anticipation, calmness, coolness, familiarity, preparation, stoicism, self-possession, steadiness, composure.

Amazing. Astonishing, astounding, wonderful, surprising, marvelous, prodigious, strange, miraculous, stupendous, extraordinary.

Ant. Common, familiar, trivial, commonplace, frequent, hackneyed, usual, customary.

Ambagious. Winding, devious, sinuous; tortuous, indirect, evasive, circuitous; diffuse, dull, tedious; dubious, enigmatical, vague.

Ant. Direct, straight, frank, open, simple, straightforward, plain, clear, lucid, unmistakable.

Ambassador. Minister, envoy, legate, deputy, plenipotentiary.

Ambient. Surrounding, encompassing, enfolding, circling, investing.

Ant. Penetrating, infiltrating, permeating, intervening.

Ambiguous. Doubtful, dubious, uncertain, indefinite, vague, obscure, indistinct, equivocal, enigmatical.

Ant. Obvious, plain, clear, lucid, unmistakable.

Ambition. Emulation, rivalry, aspiration, competition, opposition.

Ant. Contentment, moderation, indifference, satisfaction.

Amelioration. Amendment, improvement, promotion, bettering, elevation.

Ant. Degeneration, deterioration, injury, detriment.

Amenable. Liable, responsible, answerable, accountable; open, impressible, pliant, docile.

Ant. Obstinate, irresponsible, independent, autocratic.

Amend. Improve, mend, repair, ameliorate, reform, correct, rectify.

Ant. Harm, corrupt, spoil, debase, aggravate.

Amends. Compensation, atonement, expiation, recompense, indemnity.

Ant. Insult, injury, fault, offense.

Amenity. Softness, mildness, suavity, gentleness, refinement, amiability.

Ant. Austerity, ungraciousness, discourtesy, moroseness.

Amiable. Agreeable, gentle, good-natured, pleasing, winsome, attractive, charming, lovable.

Ant. Crusty, hateful, sullen, surly, crabbed, cruel, unlovely, gruff, disagreeable, ill-tempered.

Amicable. Cordial, kind, friendly, harmonious, peaceable, propitious, favorable, sociable, amiable.

Ant. Unkind, cold, distant, hostile, adverse, unfriendly.

Amid. Among, between, in the midst of, betwixt, surrounded by.

Ant. Outside, without, beyond, afar from, away from.

22Amiss. Wrong, improper, faulty, incorrect, inaccurate, inopportune.

Ant. Correct, right, faultless, perfect, effective, true.

Amount, n. Sum, total, aggregate, whole; effect, substance, purport.

Ant. Portion, instalment, part; failure, deficiency.

Ample. Liberal, large, spacious, plentiful, copious, lavish, exuberant, bountiful, generous.

Ant. Niggardly, stingy, scant, mean, narrow, insufficient.

Amplify. Augment, enlarge, expand, expatiate, increase, develop, widen, dilate, extend.

Ant. Abbreviate, condense, reduce, abridge, amputate, epitomize, summarize.

Amusement. Diversion, sport, play, fun, entertainment, merriment, pastime, game, frolic, relaxation.

Ant. Weariness, disgust, satiety, tedium, monotony, strenuosity.

Analogy. Likeness, relation, resemblance, similitude, comparison.

Ant. Unlikeness, incongruity, disproportion, disagreement.

Analysis. Separation, dissection, investigation, partition.

Ant. Synthesis, composition, aggregation, combination, coherence.

Anarchy. Misrule, disorder, lawlessness, violence, confusion.

Ant. Law, order, government, control, organization, subjection.

Anatomy. Analysis, dissection; skeleton; dismemberment.

Ant. Synthesis, organization, union, construction; body.

Ancient. Old, antique, antiquated, obsolete, primeval, aged.

Ant. Modern, young, fresh, new, juvenile, upstart.

Ancillary. Auxiliary, helping, instrumental; subsidiary, subordinate, subservient.

Ant. Alien, adverse, redundant, obstructive, impertinent, irrelative, counteractive.

Angelic. Seraphic, celestial, pure, ethereal, adorable, rapturous, heavenly, divine, spiritual.

Ant. Demoniac, demoniacal, diabolical, hellish, fiendish, foul.

Anger. Fury, ire, offense, passion, choler, indignation, rage, temper, vexation, displeasure, animosity, wrath, resentment.

Ant. Patience, self-control, self-restraint, forbearance, leniency, mildness, forgiveness, giveness, charity, love.

Angry. Provoked, indignant, exasperated, irritated, wrathful, furious, resentful, mad, passionate, sulky, piqued, galled.

Ant. Calm, unresentful, peaceful, self-controlled, good-tempered, forgiving, lenient.

Anguish. Agony, torture, torment, pang, acute distress, extreme suffering.

Ant. Ease, pleasure, relief, solace, assuagement, ecstasy.

Animal. Brute, beast, living organism, sentient being; fauna.

Ant. Man; vegetable; angel; inanimate object, substance; soul, spirit.

Animate. Enliven, vivify, quicken, invigorate, revive, stimulate, waken, rouse, excite, provoke, encourage, inspire, elate.

Ant. Deaden, discourage, deter, depress, dishearten, stifle.

Animation. Life, vitality, spirit, vivacity, energy, exhilaration, sprightliness, courage, force, buoyancy, vigor, liveliness.

Ant. Dulness, deadness, 23spiritlessness, inertness, stolidity.

Animosity. Hatred, enmity, malignity, antipathy, aversion, acrimony, strife, bitterness, hostility, dissension, malice, anger.

Ant. Congeniality, unanimity, friendship, companionship, harmony, concord, regard, alliance, kindness, sympathy.

Annals. Chronicles, records, registers, rolls, archives.

Ant. Romance, tradition, hearsay, legend, lays.

Annex. Add, affix, attach, adjoin, append, subjoin, tag, join, unite, connect.

Ant. Detach, disconnect, withdraw, separate, remove, disengage.

Annihilation. Extermination, obliteration, eradication, destruction; non-existence; oblivion, non-being, eternal blank; Nirvana.

Ant. Perpetuation, immortality; genesis, evolution, development.

Annotation. Note, comment, remark, observation, gloss, scholium, explanation, illustration, elucidation.

Ant. Narrative, text, assertion, proposition, statement.

Announce. Proclaim, publish, report, herald, make known, state, reveal, tell, declare, communicate, promulgate, circulate, enunciate.

Ant. Suppress, secrete, hide, cover up, conceal, bury, withhold.

Announcement. Notice, proclamation, declaration, advertisement, notification, manifesto, promulgation.

Ant. Suppression, concealment, secrecy, equivocation, ambiguity, insinuation.

Annoyance. Trouble, discomfort, vexation, torment, infliction, nuisance, irritation.

Ant. Gratification, delight, ease, pleasure, relief.

Annual, n. Yearly publication, year-book, annals; plant living but a year.

Ant. Perennial, biennial, triennial; exotic.

Annul. Cancel, abrogate, recall, repeal, revoke, countermand, reverse, rescind, abolish, nullify, supersede, invalidate.

Ant. Conserve, confirm, maintain, enact, establish.

Anomalous. Abnormal, unnatural, irregular, peculiar, exceptional, aberrant, unusual, singular, eccentric, erratic.

Ant. Normal, regular, usual, ordinary, common, wonted.

Anon. Soon, shortly, forthwith, immediately, instantly, directly, ere long; afterward, presently, again.

Ant. Herewith, now; already, previously.

Anonymous. Nameless, unacknowledged, of unknown authorship.

Ant. Identified, authorized, authenticated, attested, signed.

Answer, v. Reply, rejoin, respond; be accountable, responsible, or liable, go surety; correspond, be similar; do, serve, suit, pass; refute, defend; satisfy, fulfil.

Ant. Challenge, defy, question, interrogate, query, summon.

Answerable. Refutable, responsible, amenable, liable, accountable; corresponding, correlative, suitable, proportionate.

Ant. Independent, irresponsible, irrefutable; unsuitable, dissimilar, different.

Antagonism. Opposition, contradiction, 24hostility, animosity, enmity.

Ant. Amity, alliance, association.

Antecedent, a. Preceding, previous, prior, foregoing, anterior, precursory.

Ant. Subsequent, posterior, sequent, following.

Antedate. Date before the true time; anticipate, forestall, foretaste.

Ant. Postdate, follow, succeed, supervene.

Anticipate. Forestall, expect, foretaste, antedate, forecast, apprehend, hope for, look forward to.

Ant. Postdate, follow; reflect upon, recall, recollect, remember; despair of, doubt, dread, fear.

Anticipation. Expectation, prospect, hope, trust, contemplation, abeyance, foreboding, apprehension, presentiment; prescience, prevision, forethought.

Ant. Realization, consummation, despair, enjoyment, surprise, doubt, dread, wonder, fear.

Antipathy. Repugnance, repulsion, aversion, detestation, abhorrence, hatred, hostility, loathing.

Ant. Attraction, affinity, congeniality, sympathy, harmony.

Antiquated. Quaint, obsolete, bygone, ancient, archaic, old-fashioned.

Ant. Modern, modish, new, recent, stylish, fashionable, fresh.

Antiquity. Ancient times, eld, early days; ancients, people of early days; great age; (pl.) relics of ancient days, archeology.

Ant. Modernity; futurity, eventuality, posterity; the present, to-day.

Anxiety. Perplexity, apprehension, care, concern, solicitude, worry, dread, trouble, foreboding, misgiving, eagerness, diffidence.

Ant. Ease, confidence, contentment, apathy, acquiescence, calmness, nonchalance, assurance.

Apathy. Stoicism, calmness, composure, lethargy, unconcern, indifference, insensibility, immobility, quietude, phlegm, stillness.

Ant. Fury, frenzy, susceptibility, sensitiveness, anxiety, excitement, agitation, feeling, passion, vehemence, emotion.

Ape, v. Mimic, imitate, counterfeit, copy, affect, personate, represent.

Ant. Vary, modify, change.

Aperture. Opening, hole, gap, rift, chasm, loophole, orifice, cleft.

Ant. Closure, blank wall; seclusion, imperviousness.

Apex. Acme, vertex, pinnacle, summit.

Ant. Base, nadir, foot, root.

Aphorism. Adage, maxim, proverb, saying, dictum, apothegm, saw.

Ant. Lecture, disquisition, discourse, sermon.

Apiece. Each, individually, severally, distributively, separately.

Ant. Together, collectively, synthetically, in the aggregate.

Apocalyptic. In or from “The Revelation of St. John the Divine”; prophetic, mystical, mysterious; manifesting, revealing, unveiling.

Ant. Concealing, obscuring, shrouding, eclipsing.

25Apocryphal. Unauthentic, uncanonical, legendary, fictitious, false, equivocal, doubtful, spurious.

Ant. Palpable, authorized, accepted, authentic, genuine, current, verified, attested.

Apology. Plea, excuse, defense, confession, acknowledgment, justification, vindication, explanation, extenuation.

Ant. Charge, censure, imputation, condemnation, insult, complaint, offense, wrong.

Apostate. Renegade, turncoat, backslider, deserter, pervert, traitor.

Ant. Adherent, supporter, zealot, dogmatist, fanatic.

Apothegm. Saying, dictum, proverb, aphorism, precept, byword.

Ant. Sermon, discourse, tirade, harangue.

Appall. Terrify, frighten, dismay, shock, daunt, alarm, affright.

Ant. Reassure, embolden.

Apparel. Clothes, dress, raiment, attire, costume, habit, guise, garments, robes, vesture, wardrobe, equipment, trappings.

Ant. Nudity, deshabille, rags, tatters.

Apparent. Seeming, probable, likely, obvious, conspicuous, manifest, clear, patent, evident, plain, legible, specious.

Ant. Real, hidden, dubious, improbable, doubtful, unimaginable, unsupposable, minute.

Appeal. Address, invoke, entreat, implore, supplicate, sue, petition.

Ant. Protest, defy, abjure, disdain, deprecate, repudiate.

Appearance. Semblance, look, show, pretense, guise, fashion; arrival, advent, apparition; demeanor, air, complexion, manner.

Ant. Disappearance, evanition, departure, vanishing.

Appease. Calm, pacify, soothe, quell, mollify, mitigate, lull; propitiate, placate, satisfy, reconcile.

Ant. Aggravate, exasperate, provoke, inflame, incense, excite.

Appellation. Epithet, title, description, designation, name.

Ant. Anonymousness, namelessness.

Appendage, Appendix. Attachment, addition, adjunct, supplement.

Ant. Main body, original, whole, total.

Appertain. Belong, inhere, adhere, regard, concern, touch, relate.

Ant. Be remote, far-fetched, or forced, have no bearing upon.

Appetite. Longing, craving, desire, relish, gust, zest, liking.

Ant. Aversion, loathing, repugnance, antipathy, disgust.

Applause. Praise, approbation, commendation, compliment, plaudit, acclamation, éclat, clapping of hands.

Ant. Denunciation, censure, blame, sibilation, vituperation, hissing.

Appliances, n. pl. Means, instruments, appointments, appurtenances, tools, adjuncts, equipment; resources, steps, measures, ways; contrivances.

Applicable. Fit, appropriate, suitable, pertinent, apt, proper, relevant, germane; adjustable.

Ant. Irrelevant, useless, unavailable, impertinent.

Applicant. Petitioner, solicitor, suitor, candidate, aspirant.

Apply. Use, employ, exercise, appropriate; execute, carry out, 26practice; devote, engage, dedicate; request, petition.

Ant. Divert, misuse, discard, divorce.

Appoint. Determine, establish, fix; assign, allot, designate; nominate, name, create; equip, supply, furnish; direct, command, decree, enjoin, impose, require, ordain.

Ant. Reserve, cancel, disarrange, reverse, withhold, retain, undo, suspend, recall, withdraw.

Appointment. Assignation, assignment, agreement, arrangement; meeting, tryst; station, position, office, place; decree, command, order, edict, ordinance, mandate, requirement, law.

Apportion. Appoint, allot, appropriate, divide, distribute, share, grant, dispense, assign, deal.

Ant. Retain, collect, consolidate, receive, gather, divert.

Apposite. Apt, pertinent, suitable, seasonable, apropos, fit, applicable, adapted.

Ant. Untimely, irrelevant, unfitting, impertinent, misplaced.

Appraise. Estimate, prize, value, rate, fix a price for, survey, assess, assize.

Ant. Undervalue, discard, misprize; discount, rebate, allow.

Appreciate. Estimate justly, value highly, esteem, prize, raise the value of; recognize, respect.

Ant. Undervalue, misjudge, ignore, misconceive; depreciate, disdain.

Apprehend. Arrest, seize, take, catch, capture; imagine, conceive, regard; perceive, realize, understand, appreciate; fear, forebode.

Ant. Miss, lose, misunderstand, ignore, misconceive.

Apprehension. Arrest, capture; understanding, intelligence, mind, reason; notice, cognizance; conception, imagination; knowledge, discernment, perception, sense; opinion, fancy, sentiment, notion, fear, suspicion, anxiety.

Ant. Escape, non-detection; sensibility, emotion; apathy, lethargy; illiteracy, stupidity, stolidity; confidence, nonchalance.

Apprise. Give notice, inform, tell, publish, advise, acquaint.

Ant. Deceive, mislead, hoodwink, mystify.

Approach, v. Advance, draw near, bring near, go near, push; broach, address confidentially; resemble closely, be like, similar, or equal.

Ant. Diverge, retreat, go back; retard, restrain; be unlike.

Approbation. Praise, commendation, approval, liking; support, consent, sanction, indorsement, concurrence, assent.

Ant. Censure, protest, denial, disapproval, dissatisfaction.

Approve. Praise, commend, sanction, support, encourage, authorize.

Ant. Disparage, condemn, disown, repudiate, dislike.

Approximation. Approach, nearness, similarity, likeness, contiguity, resemblance, propinquity, neighborhood.

Ant. Remoteness, variation, distance, difference, divergence.

Appurtenant. Belonging, connected, appended, attached, coordinate.

27Ant. Isolated, detached, unallied, independent.

A priori. Theoretically; necessarily, apodictically, constitutionally, absolutely, primordially, inductively.

Ant. A posteriori; practically, according to experience; deductively from facts.

Apropos. Opportune, seasonable, apposite, timely, apt, suitable.

Ant. Inopportune, irrelevant, untimely, inapt, unsuitable.

Aptitude. Disposition, knack, endowment, tendency, inclination, fitness, suitability, bias, propensity.

Ant. Unreadiness, unskilfulness, repugnance, incongruity.

Arbiter. Umpire, judge, referee; controller, master, lord.

Ant. Appellant, claimant, litigant, disputant.

Arbitrary. Despotic, autocratic, tyrannical, overbearing, peremptory; capricious, wilful, fanciful; imperious, dictatorial.

Ant. Considerate, lenient, obliging, equitable.

Arbitration. Mediation, intercession, interposition, intervention; arbitrament, umpirage, trial, judgment, decision.

Ant. Litigation, contention, disputation, appeal, dissension.

Ardent. Passionate, fervent, intense, vehement, fierce, fiery; hot, burning; zealous, enthusiastic, strenuous.

Ant. Cool, cold, indifferent, torpid, apathetic, dispassionate, phlegmatic.

Argument. Reasoning, proof, evidence, controversy, discussion, debate; subject, topic, theme, thesis; summary, abstract, outline.

Ant. Assertion, assumption; dogma.

Aridity. Dryness, parchedness, sterility, unfertility, barrenness; dulness, indifference, torpidity, insensibility.

Ant. Moisture, fertility, verdancy, luxuriance, productivity.

Arise. Ascend, mount, get up, stand up; rebel, revolt; result, eventuate.

Ant. Descend, dismount; submit, cower; cause, instigate.

Aristocracy. Government of nobles; nobility, peerage, gentry.

Ant. Democracy; people, populace, masses, rabble.

Arm, v. Equip, array, furnish, gird, accouter, provide; fortify, cover, protect, guard; prepare.

Ant. Divest, disarm; expose.

Army. Soldiery, legion, armament, forces, host, phalanx, troops.

Ant. Individual; citizens.

Aromatic. Fragrant, spicy, balmy, redolent, odoriferous, ambrosial.

Ant. Scentless, malodorous, fetid, offensive, noisome, rank.

Arouse. Excite, provoke, instigate, stimulate, animate, kindle, warm, whet, summon, awaken.

Ant. Allay, mitigate, moderate, still, quiet, assuage, quell.

Arraign. Accuse, charge, indict, impeach, denounce; prosecute.

Ant. Acquit, discharge, condone, release.

Arrange. Settle, determine, adjust; dispose, group, marshall, rank, range, distribute, place; plan, contrive, project, devise, construct, organize.

Ant. Confuse, disturb, jumble, disperse, disorder, derange.

Array, n. Order, parade, show, exhibition, collection, arrangement, line of battle, disposition.

28Ant. Disorder, confusion, jumble.

Arrest. Apprehend, capture, seize, detain, hold, take prisoner; stop.

Ant. Liberate, free, dismiss, release, discharge; expedite.

Arrival. Advent, coming; comer, person or thing arrived.

Ant. Departure, going.

Arrive. Reach, get to, come; attain, touch, overtake; happen.

Ant. Depart, set out or forth, be gone.

Arrogant. Haughty, insolent, proud, lordly, disdainful, supercilious, self-important, egoistic, overbearing, dogmatic, imperious.

Ant. Humble, diffident, polite, bashful, servile, considerate.

Art. Craft, business, calling, employment, trade; practical knowledge; creation of beauty; skill, dexterity, sagacity, aptitude, cleverness, ingenuity; cunning, artifice, deceit, guile.

Ant. Misrepresentation, caricature; candor, simplicity; incompetency, inability.

Article. Thing, substance, commodity; part, portion, particular, point, item, member; essay, paper, monograph, brochure.

Ant. Nothing, nullity, cipher; totality, entirety, unity, integer.

Articulate. Join, unite, connect, fasten together; enunciate, utter distinctly, pronounce.

Ant. Disperse, separate, rend, dissect, disjoin, disconnect; whisper; render mute, silence, muzzle.

Artifice. Cunning, craft, machination, stratagem, guile, device, contrivance, cheat, imposture, trick, ruse, maneuver, wile.

Ant. Fairness, frankness, candor, openness, sincerity, truth, honesty, artlessness, ingenuousness, simplicity.

Artificial. Unnatural, factitious; feigned, counterfeit, fictitious, spurious, sham; affected, forced, strained.

Ant. Natural, genuine, spontaneous, transparent, artless, unaffected.

Artist. Designer, contriver, skilled workman, artisan; mechanic, operative; painter; sculptor, carver; master, master-hand.

Ascend. Rise, mount, soar, aspire, go up, tower.

Ant. Descend, fall, sink.

Ascendancy. Power, authority, sway, dominion, rule, mastery, control, government, influence.

Ant. Subordination, servility.

Ascertain. Determine, establish, settle, fix, define, verify; discover, find out, get at.

Ant. Guess, surmise, suppose, presume, conjecture.

Ascetic. Austere, rigid, severe, self-denying, abstinent, stern, puritanical.

Ant. Lenient, indulgent, epicurean, pampered, mild, tolerant.

Ascribe. Impute, attribute, assign, refer, charge, set down.

Ant. Dissociate, exclude; deny, refuse; disconnect.

Ask. Request, petition, solicit, entreat, beg, beseech, supplicate, require of, crave, demand.

Ant. Refuse, reject, deny; command, claim, exact, extort, enforce, insist.

Aspect. Air, mien, look, countenance, expression, feature, bearing; state, attitude, posture, condition, appearance; direction, outlook, prospect.

Asperity. Acrimony, sourness, sharpness; sternness, severity, 29bitterness, sullenness, ill-temper; roughness, unevenness.

Ant. Sweetness, pleasantness; gentleness, mildness; smoothness.

Asperse. Slander, calumniate, traduce, vilify, attack, abuse, blemish, besmirch, vituperate, disparage, censure, slur, malign.

Ant. Eulogize, vindicate, clear, defend, extol, praise, shield.

Aspiration. Pronouncing with the rough breathing; yearning, longing, ardent desire, craving, spiritual ambition.

Ant. Apathy, inertia, indifference, dulness, aversion, repudiation, avoidance.

Assault. Attack, invasion, charge, onset, onslaught, aggression.

Ant. Resistance, defense, repulsion, retaliation, undermining.

Assemble. Gather, collect, convene, congregate, meet, come together.

Ant. Disperse, scatter, dismiss.

Assembly. Concourse, company, gathering, congregation, assemblage, meeting, convocation, throng; congress, parliament, legislature, synod, diet, council, convention; ball, dance, dancing party.

Ant. Dispersion, dismissal, disunion, disruption.

Assent, n. Acquiescence, acknowledgment, approval, concurrence, approbation, accord, consent, agreement, compliance.

Ant. Disagreement, dissent, difference, protest, declension.

Assertion. Asseveration, protestation, allegation; position, statement, word, declaration; vindication, defense, maintenance.

Ant. Denial, contradiction, abandonment, protest, disavowal, retraction, repudiation, confutation, abjuration.

Assess. Tax, value, appraise, estimate, compute, fix, assign, determine, impose.

Ant. Discount, rebate, allow.

Assiduous. Diligent, industrious, untiring, indefatigable, devoted, constant, attentive, painstaking, laborious, persistent, active.

Ant. Indolent, remiss, inattentive, lazy, desultory, inconstant.

Assignment. Appointment, allotment; specification, fixing, determination, offer, presentation; transfer, allowance.

Ant. Withdrawal, refusal; acceptance, reception.

Assimilate. Make similar, cause to resemble; digest, appropriate, incorporate, absorb.

Ant. Contrast, reject, separate, segregate.

Assist. Help, aid, succor, relieve, support, befriend, serve; speed, sustain, promote, further, coöperate with, patronize.

Ant. Hinder, oppose, antagonize, prevent, resist, counteract.

Associate, n. Companion, comrade, chum, friend, helpmate, partner, colleague, coadjutor, accomplice, ally, consort, confederate, peer.

Ant. Antagonist, enemy, foe, opponent, rival, stranger, opposer.

Association. Federation, fellowship, alliance, companionship, society, union, partnership, lodge, company, confederacy, corporation, fraternity, club.

Ant. Solitude; disintegration; independence, separation, 30disunion, estrangement, disruption, avoidance; individuality.

Assortment. Arrangement, allotment, distribution; set, class, group, parcel, collection; variety, miscellany.

Ant. Disarrangement, displacement, misplacement; conglomeration.

Assuage. Soothe, pacify, mitigate, ease, alleviate, abate, calm.

Ant. Excite, inflame, provoke, aggravate, exasperate.

Assume. Arrogate, feign, pretend, take, usurp, accept, affect, appropriate, claim.

Ant. Waive, allow, surrender; doff; concede, grant, abandon, resign; demonstrate, prove, argue.

Assumption. Presumption, hypothesis, theory, postulate, conjecture; acceptance of, responsibility for; usurpation, arrogance, haughtiness, conceit, lordliness, impudence, effrontery.

Ant. Truth, fact; timidity, distrust, misgiving, consternation.

Assurance. Confidence, effrontery, presumption, assumption, arrogance, impudence, self-reliance, boldness, assertion; pledge.

Ant. Doubt, distrust, hesitancy, misgiving, timidity, confusion, dismay, shyness.

Astonish. Amaze, startle, surprise, astound, stupefy, stagger.

Ant. Encourage, embolden, assure.

Astute. Keen, discerning, acute, sagacious, shrewd, sharp, cunning, subtle, discriminating, knowing, perspicacious, crafty.

Ant. Stupid, unintelligent, imbecile, dull, idiotic, shortsighted, shallow.

Atrocious. Infamous, outrageous, nefarious, villainous, diabolical, heinous, flagrant, horrible.

Ant. Humane, noble, honorable, admirable, chivalrous, generous.

Attachment. Adherence, friendship, regard, tenderness, love, esteem, affection, devotion, inclination, union.

Ant. Alienation, aversion, coolness, distance, estrangement, indifference, antipathy, animosity, dislike, enmity, divorce.

Attack, v. Assault, storm, assail, invade, charge, rush upon, spring upon; censure, criticize; combat, besiege, beset.

Ant. Withstand, defend, resist, support, shield, aid, uphold, shelter, vindicate, protest.

Attain. Achieve, accomplish, gain, master, secure, earn, obtain, win, acquire, accomplish.

Ant. Lose, fail of, forfeit, give up, abandon, let go, miss.

Attainment. Winning, getting, accomplishing, securing; erudition, acquirement, wisdom, accomplishment, mental resources, information, learning, enlightenment.

Ant. Inspiration, intuition, genius; ignorance.

Attempt. Try, undertake, seek, endeavor, essay, attack, strive.

Ant. Abandon, shun, drop, dismiss, neglect.

Attendance. Presence; persons present; train, retinue; ministration, service, waiting on.

Ant. Absence; non-attendance; neglect, abandonment.

Attention. Care, notice, observation, consideration, watchfulness, alertness; study, reflection, application; respect, courtesy, politeness, civility, regard; courtship, devotion, wooing.

31Ant. Indifference, carelessness, heedlessness, abstraction, distraction, absence of mind; neglect, preoccupation, ignoring.

Attenuate. Rarefy, thin, reduce, diminish, make slender, slim, or spare, lessen.

Ant. Amplify, dilate, swell, develop, enlarge, broaden, expand, increase.

Attest. Bear witness, certify, indorse, corroborate, support, authenticate; invoke, adjure; prove, show, manifest, exhibit.

Ant. Controvert, contradict, disprove, deny, upset, refute; conceal; vitiate.

Attire. Dress, apparel, robes, garments, habiliments, habit, raiment, uniform, costume, livery.

Ant. Nudity, nakedness.

Attitude. Position, pose, posture, situation, standing, aspect.

Ant. State, condition, essence; amorphism.

Attraction. Drawing, allurement, lure, fascination, charm, enticement, witchery, grace.

Ant. Repulsion, aversion, disinclination, repugnance.

Attribute, n. Quality, property, characteristic, peculiarity, mark.

Ant. Essence, substance, nature, being.

Attribute, v. Ascribe, assign, impute, refer, charge, connect, associate.

Ant. Separate, sever, sunder, disconnect, deny, dissociate.

Audacious. Bold, daring, fearless, courageous, venturesome, intrepid, dauntless; presumptuous, forward, assuming, impudent, impertinent, insolent.

Ant. Timid, cowardly, cautious; unenterprising; retiring.

Augur, v. Foretell, portend, predict, presage, prophesy, divine, prognosticate, betoken.

Ant. Demonstrate, establish, settle, prove, warrant, calculate.

August. Awful, imposing, majestic, stately, grand, regal, kingly, princely, noble, dignified.

Ant. Mean, common, vulgar, beggarly, commonplace, paltry.

Auspicious. Successful, fortunate, lucky, happy, prosperous; propitious, promising, opportune, favorable.

Ant. Hopeless, abortive, unpromising, unsatisfactory, discouraging.

Austere. Severe, hard, stiff, stern, uncompromising, unrelenting, ascetic, rigid, formal.

Ant. Affable, kindly, indulgent, genial, bland, mild, tender.

Authentic. Genuine, trustworthy, veritable, accepted, authorized, certain, accredited, sure, true, reliable, original, legitimate.

Ant. False, fictitious, spurious, unauthorized, apocryphal, fabulous, counterfeit.

Author. Creator, maker, contriver, originator, inventor; writer, composer.

Ant. Destroyer, demolisher, spoiler, annihilator.

Authority. Power, government, empire, dominion; supremacy, control, influence, interest; order, precept, sanction, liberty, warranty; expert, master, connoisseur.

Ant. Anarchy, license, insubordination, misrule, lynch law; embargo, restriction, hindrance, proscription, prohibition, injunction, interdiction; weakness, wrong, usurpation.

Autocratic. Absolute, unlimited, 32tyrannical, oppressive, disdainful, overbearing, arrogant.

Ant. Subordinate, dependent, responsible, constitutional.

Automatic. Self-moving, self-acting.

Ant. Voluntary, free, optional.

Auxiliary, n. Assistant, helper, confederate, aid, ally, accessory, promoter, subordinate.

Ant. Opponent, antagonist, hinderer, opposer.

Available. Serviceable, useful, profitable, beneficial, advantageous.

Ant. Useless, inappropriate, irrelevant, inoperative.

Avaricious. Grasping, sordid, greedy, covetous, miserly, stingy.

Ant. Liberal, bountiful, extravagant, wasteful, prodigal, unselfish.

Avenge. Punish, retaliate, revenge, vindicate.

Ant. Forgive, pardon, overlook, condone, waive, forego, remit.

Avenue. Access, entrance, entry, approach, passage; alley, walk, street, road; route, channel.

Aver. Assert, declare, say, protest, affirm, asseverate, allege.

Ant. Deny, contradict, disavow.

Average. Medium, medial, middling, ordinary, tolerable, moderate, mediocre, passable.

Ant. Extreme, excessive, perfect, extraordinary, excellent.

Aversion. Dislike, hatred, repugnance, disgust, loathing, antipathy, abhorrence, detestation, unwillingness.

Ant. Sympathy, congeniality, ardor, eagerness, avidity, love, desire, affection.

Avidity. Eagerness, longing, desire, yearning; rapacity, craving, greediness.

Ant. Apathy, indifference, coldness, aversion, loathing.

Avoid. Quit, shun, abandon, escape, elude, withdraw, forsake, dodge.

Ant. Seek, court, approach, accost, address, affect.

Avouch. Assert, affirm, declare, protest, profess, asseverate.

Ant. Deny, contradict, gainsay.

Avow. Confess, own, acknowledge, admit, profess, proclaim, testify.

Ant. Disavow, repudiate, deny, contradict, disclaim, ignore.

Awaken. Rouse, kindle, excite, provoke.

Ant. Allay, quiet, subdue.

Award. Grant, allot, accord, distribute, assign, decree, determine.

Ant. Refuse, withhold, retain, misappropriate, deny.

Aware. Conscious, sensible, cognizant, knowing, apprised, mindful.

Ant. Unconscious, ignorant, insensible.

Awe. Fear, dread, reverence, veneration, terror, wonder.

Ant. Contempt, familiarity, irreverence, disrespect, insolence.

Awful. Dread, grand, imposing, majestic, noble, portentous, appalling, august, alarming, horrible, frightful, shocking, terrible.

Ant. Commonplace, contemptible, despicable, vulgar, undignified.

Awkward. Clumsy, bungling, ungainly, uncouth, rough, unskilful.

Ant. Clever, skilful, handy, dexterous, adroit.

33Awry. Oblique, slanting, twisted, crooked, distorted, athwart.

Ant. Straight, direct, true, right.

Axiom. Truism, postulate, self-evident proposition, necessary truth.

Ant. Paradox, sophism, contradiction, nonsense, absurdity.

Azure. Blue, sky-color, cerulean.

Babble. Chatter, prattle, jibber; prate, gossip, tattle; tell secrets, blab, blurt out; murmur.

Ant. Hush, suppress; enunciate.

Babel. Tumult, disorder, clamor, confusion, discord, din, pother.

Ant. Silence; articulation, distinctness, enunciation; monotony.

Back, a. and ad. Remote, hindmost, in the rear; again, return.

Ant. Near, foremost, in advance.

Back, v. Support, aid, second, sustain, assist; retire, retreat, withdraw; move backward, cause to go backward.

Ant. Fail, disappoint; advance, push.

Backbiter. Slanderer, defamer, traducer, calumniator, detractor, cynic.

Ant. Advocate, upholder, defender, vindicator.

Backslider. Recreant, apostate, renegade, deserter, abjurer.

Ant. Confessor, zealot, bigot, adherent.

Backward. Averse, indisposed, reluctant, loath, unwilling, hesitating, wavering; dull, slow, stupid, stolid; late, tardy.

Ant. Forward, eager, willing, ready, prompt; quick, bright; previous, antecedent, prior.

Bad. Evil, wicked, depraved, abandoned, corrupt, immoral, unfair, unprincipled, villainous; pernicious, mischievous, hurtful, injurious, detrimental, unwholesome; unlucky, unfortunate; sad, unwelcome, distressing, disappointing; sorry, mean, shabby, vile, wretched, abominable; poor, imperfect; serious, hard, severe.

Ant. Good, perfect, right, holy, beautiful, pleasant.

Baffle. Frustrate, thwart, defeat, circumvent, checkmate, undermine; bewilder, perplex, confound, disconcert.

Ant. Aid, assist, advance, encourage, promote.

Balance. Poise, hold in equilibrium; weigh, compare, estimate; neutralize, counteract, compensate; equalize, square, adjust.

Ant. Upset, cant, tilt, overbalance, subvert.

Bald. Bare, hairless; treeless, unsheltered, naked, verdureless; unadorned, prosaic, dull, vapid, tame, inelegant; literal, unvarnished; mere, unsupported, uncorroborated.

Ant. Adorned, periwigged; forested, shaded; bright, elegant, rhetorical; ornate, polished, witty, scintillating.

Baleful. Harmful, hurtful, injurious, baneful, pernicious, deadly, ruinous.

Ant. Innocent, beneficial, salutary, advantageous.

Balk. Frustrate, defeat, foil.

34Ant. Aid, promote, instigate.

Banish. Dismiss, drive out, eject, expel, exile, ostracize, evict, expatriate.

Ant. Welcome, admit, protect, domesticate, harbor.

Banquet. Feast, treat, regalement, entertainment, festivity, carousal, cheer.

Ant. Fast, starvation, abstinence.

Banter, n. Badinage, irony, raillery, ridicule, satire, chaff, mockery, jeering, derision.

Ant. Discourse, discussion.

Barbarous. Brutal, atrocious, cruel, inhuman, merciless, savage, barbaric, barbarian.

Ant. Civilized, humane, polite, refined, tender, delicate, cultured, elegant, nice, courtly.

Bare. Nude, naked, unclothed, exposed; sheer, simple, mere; bald, unadorned, meager; poor, destitute, indigent, empty.

Ant. Dressed, protected; rich, luxurious, costly.

Bargain. Agreement, contract, stipulation, transaction; purchase, speculation, haggling, getting, proceeds; cheap purchase.

Ant. Loss, misprofit; cheat.

Barren. Sterile, childless, unprolific; unfertile, unproductive; uninstructive, ineffectual.

Ant. Productive, fertile, luxuriant, fecund; profitable, useful.

Barrier. Obstruction, hindrance, obstacle, bar, barricade, rampart; restraint, restriction.

Ant. Thoroughfare, entrance, admittance, opening, passage.

Base. Cheap, worthless, inferior; vulgar, humble, unknown; mean, contemptible, servile; shameful, scandalous, vile.

Ant. Noble, honored, exalted, pure, valued, lofty, esteemed, refined.

Bashful. Modest, shy, retiring, reserved, diffident.

Ant. Bold, forward, pert, impudent, confident, conceited, egoistic.

Basis. Base, foundation, groundwork.

Ant. Apex, top, superstructure.

Bathe. Wash, lave, cover, flood, immerse, suffuse.

Ant. Dry, expose.

Battle, n. Fight, contest, skirmish, combat, encounter, bout, engagement, strife, action, conflict.

Ant. Armistice, truce, concord.

Bauble. Trifle, toy, plaything, trinket, gimcrack, knickknack.

Ant. Valuable, jewel, ornament, decoration, gem, possession.

Bays. Crown, wreath, garland, chaplet; honors, renown, plaudits, praise, glory, applause.

Ant. Disgrace, contumely, stigma, brand.

Beach. Shore, strand, margin, sands, marge, rim, coast, seashore, seaboard.

Ant. Ocean, sea, deep, main.

Beacon, n. Signal fire, mark, sign, guide, light, flame.

Ant. Shadow; dark; will-o’-the-wisp, ignis fatuus.

Beam, v. Shine, emit rays, beacon, gleam, glitter, be radiant.

Ant. Die out, grow dark, go out.

Bear. Support, sustain, hold up, carry; have, hold, possess; suffer, undergo, endure, tolerate, submit to; permit, allow; maintain, cherish, harbor; be responsible for; produce, yield, give birth to; generate.

35Ant. Drop, drag; release, give up; protest, resist, rebel, resent, reject.

Bearing. Behavior, deportment, demeanor, appearance, aspect, position, carriage, mien, air; relation, connection; patience, endurance; direction, course, aim; effect, force, meaning, scope; producing; bed, socket.

Ant. Misbehavior; disconnection, independence, irrelevancy; pendency, suspension; diversion, deflection; inanity, absurdity.

Beat. Strike, thrash, flog, cudgel, pound, scourge, whip, batter, smite, pommel, overcome, chastise, conquer, defeat, castigate, bruise, bastinado, belabor, switch, spank, worst, vanquish.

Ant. Soothe, stroke, caress, pat, shield, protect, mollify, heal.

Beatific. Ravishing, enrapturing, enchanting, transporting, ecstatic.

Ant. Tormenting, disgusting, obnoxious.

Beatitude. Bliss, felicity, blessedness.

Ant. Suffering, tribulation, pain, dolor.

Beautiful. Handsome, lovely, charming, fair, pretty, graceful, exquisite, beauteous, bewitching, attractive, picturesque, comely.

Ant. Hideous, repulsive, ugly, deformed, frightful, ghastly, grim.

Because. Since, inasmuch as, for, as.

Ant. Yet, notwithstanding, however, although, nevertheless.

Beckon. Signal, sign, call by gesture, nod.

Ant. Ignore, repulse.

Become. Suit, adorn, fit, set off, be appropriate to; get or grow to, turn to, change into; befall, bechance, happen to.

Ant. Disagree, clash, mismatch.

Becoming. Befitting, beseeming, fit, graceful, proper, neat, suitable, congruous, worthy.

Ant. Unseemly, indecent, derogatory, unsuitable.

Befall. Happen, occur, chance, betide.

Ant. Impend, threaten, loom.

Befitting. Decent, becoming, suitable, proper, appropriate, expedient.

Ant. Compulsory, obligatory; improper, inexpedient.

Before. Preceding, in front of; prior to, previous; in advance of, ahead of; hitherto; above, in a former place or previous passage; formerly, of old, already; under the judgment or control of.

Ant. Behind, after, subsequently, later.

Beg. Beseech, pray, ask, request, supplicate, solicit, sue, implore, importune.

Ant. Require, demand, extort, exact, insist; refuse.

Beggar. Mendicant, supplicant, pauper, suitor, applicant.

Ant. Bestower, giver, benefactor.

Beggary. Want, penury, indigence, destitution.

Ant. Riches, wealth, affluence, abundance, plenty.

Beginning. Origin, commencement, fountain, source, spring, start, opening, initiation, arising, outset, rise, inception, inauguration.

Ant. End, finish, fulfilment, outcome, conclusion, termination, result, effect, expiration, completion.

Beguile. Cheat, deceive, befool; amuse, entertain, cheer, solace.

36Ant. Enlighten, advise; weary, bore.

Behavior. Conduct, deportment, manners, breeding, carriage, bearing, action, demeanor, life.

Ant. Misconduct, misdemeanor.

Behest. Command, injunction, charge, precept.

Ant. Option, liberty.

Behind. Back, astern, rearward.

Ant. Before, in front of.

Behold. See, look, discern, gaze, scan, observe, contemplate.

Ant. Ignore, miss, wink, overlook, disregard, connive.

Behoof. Advantage, profit.

Ant. Loss, detriment, disadvantage.

Being. Reality, existence, actuality; essence, inmost nature, substance, life, vital principle, root, heart.

Ant. Nonentity, nullity, non-existence.

Beleaguer. Besiege, beset, blockade, invest; compass, block up, surround, obstruct, environ.

Ant. Abandon; conquer, subdue.

Belief. Trust, confidence, conviction, credence, persuasion, reliance, assurance; dogma, creed, tenets, opinion, view; credit, acceptance, assent, currency.

Ant. Distrust, denial, discredit, dissent, rejection, disavowal.

Belligerent. Warlike, contending, conflicting, hostile, rival, opposed, adverse, antagonistic, pugnacious, contentious, quarrelsome.

Ant. Peaceful, friendly, forbearing, pacific, neutral.

Belonging, n. Quality, gift, endowment, attribute; property, goods, estate, chattel, possession; appendage, appurtenance, accessory.

Belonging, a. Related, connected, appertaining, congenial, cognate, accompanying.

Ant. Alien, optional, independent, irrelevant.

Below. Under, beneath, underneath, hereinafter.

Ant. Above, beforementioned, previously.

Bend. Curve, twist, crook, bow, deflect, deviate, diverge, twine; influence, persuade, incline, submit.

Ant. Straighten, stiffen, direct; resist, break, crush.

Beneath. Below, under, underneath; unworthy of, unbefitting.

Ant. Above, superior to; over, aloft.

Benediction. Benison, blessing, beatitude; gratitude, thanks, praise; benefit, grace, boon.

Ant. Curse, censure, execration, ingratitude.

Benefactor. Patron, supporter, upholder, friend, contributor.

Ant. Destroyer, enemy, oppressor, brute.

Beneficence. Charity, bounty, liberality, benevolence.

Ant. Malevolence, hatred, stinginess, miserliness, niggardliness.

Benefit. Boon, service, advantage, profit, favor, blessing.

Ant. Evil, loss, damage, calamity, injury, privation.

Benevolence. Kindness, humaneness, charitableness, good will, altruism, beneficence, liberality, philanthropy, benignity, bounty, humanity, sympathy, munificence, generosity, unselfishness, kind-heartedness.

Ant. Malevolence, malignity, selfishness, stinginess, unkindness, brutality, churlishness, 37barbarity, illiberality, self-seeking, niggardliness, harshness.

Benign. Kind, gracious, amiable, gentle, friendly, benevolent, humane, obliging, good.

Ant. Hateful, harsh, brutal, churlish.

Bequeath. Will, leave, devise; hand down, transmit, impart.

Ant. Withhold, alienate, disinherit.

Bereavement. Deprivation, loss, destitution, affliction, forlorn condition, desolation.

Ant. Blessing, compensation, reparation, consolation, restitution, restoration, substitution.

Bereft. Stripped, despoiled, deprived.

Ant. Endowed, blessed, enriched, compensated.

Beseech. Beg, implore, pray, ask, solicit, entreat, petition, importune.

Ant. Grant, requite, confer; disdain, defy.

Beset. Surround, circle, hem in, besiege, beleaguer; embarrass.

Ant. Defend, defy, repel.

Beside. Near, close together; aside from; out of.

Ant. Far, distant.

Besides or Beside. Except, save, distinct from; moreover, furthermore, else, beyond that.

Ant. Apart, separate from; exclusively; finally.

Bestow. Give, present, award, grant, confer; place, stow, store.

Ant. Receive; seize, appropriate, usurp; disperse, throw away.

Bet. Stake, wager, pledge.

Ant. Plan, calculate, dispose.

Betide. Happen, bechance, befall, come to pass, occur, take place.

Ant. Result, be destined or doomed.

Betimes. Seasonably, in good time or season.

Ant. Inopportune, late, tardy, unseasonable.

Betoken. Signify, denote, indicate, represent, imply, prove, show, augur; presage, prefigure, foretell, portend.

Ant. Mask, hide, mislead, belie, misrepresent.

Betray. Reveal, expose, divulge, deliver up, deceive; manifest, show, indicate; lure, ensnare, entrap, beguile; seduce, ruin, corrupt.

Ant. Protect, preserve, foster, cherish, conceal, suppress, guard.

Betrothal. Engagement, plighting, affiancing.

Better. Amend, ameliorate, improve, correct, advance, reform.

Ant. Make worse, degrade, wreck, weaken, cripple, impair, injure.

Between. Amid, among, betwixt.

Ant. Outside, beyond, without.

Bewail. Bemoan, lament, sorrow, grieve.

Ant. Rejoice, joy, exult.

Beware. Take care, be cautious, be wary, look out, mind.

Ant. Be reckless, careless; neglect, ignore.

Bewilderment. Confusion, embarrassment, daze, maze, perplexity, mystification.

Ant. Enlightenment, self-possession, calmness, discernment, perspicacity.

Bewitch. Charm, enchant, fascinate, captivate.

Ant. Repulse, avoid, recoil, annoy, harass.

Beyond. Over, across, remote, farther than, before; yonder, above, exceeding.

Ant. Beside, near, at hand, 38close; behind, back; below, less than.

Bias. Bent, inclination, tendency, leaning, proneness, proclivity, propensity, partiality, predilection.

Ant. Repulsion, reaction, repugnance.

Bicker. Wrangle, quarrel, dispute, squabble.

Ant. Agree, sympathize, understand, harmonize.

Bidding. Command, order, direction, appointment, mandate; offer, bid, proposal.

Ant. Request, solicitation; refusal, rebuff.

Bide. Dwell, stay, reside, wait, tarry, remain; endure, bear.

Ant. Depart, go, move, migrate; resist, rebel, protest.

Big. Large, great, wide, bulky, huge, gross, fat; proud, arrogant, haughty, pompous.

Ant. Small, little, least, thin, narrow; humble, subservient, unassuming.

Bigot. Zealot, fanatic, dogmatist, devotee.

Ant. Skeptic, liberal, apostate, proselyte, doubter, agnostic.

Bigoted. Intolerant, opinionated, prejudiced, dogmatical, narrow-minded, one-sided.

Ant. Liberal, broad-minded, open to conviction.

Bill. Account, charge, score, amount due, reckoning; draft of law; poster, placard, advertisement.

Bind. Fetter, tie, fasten, shackle, restrict, restrain, secure; compel, oblige, engage.

Ant. Free, loose, set free, untie.

Birth. Family, parentage, origin, source, lineage, nativity, descent, extraction, race; rise.

Ant. Death, extinction.

Bit. Part, piece, fragment, morsel.

Ant. Whole, mass, aggregation.

Biting. Gnawing, sharp, severe, sardonic, censorious, piercing, sarcastic, trenchant.

Ant. Pleasant, gentle, soothing, genial, flattering.

Bitter. Harsh, caustic, cutting, savage, acidulous, acrimonious, irate, sharp, sour, stinging, pungent, virulent.

Ant. Sweet, honeyed, nectared, luscious, dulcet, saccharine.

Blacken. Slander, malign, defame, daub, bespatter, befoul, asperse, traduce, vilify, decry, calumniate.

Ant. Clear, eulogize, vindicate, whiten, whitewash.

Blackguard. Rascal, scoundrel, villain.

Ant. Gentleman.

Blame. Censure, rebuke, chide, reprove, reproach, condemn, vituperate, reprobate, reprehend, dispraise.

Ant. Approve, praise, exonerate, acquit, exculpate.

Blameless. Pure, innocent, irresponsible, without fault.

Ant. Guilty, implicated, blameworthy, faulty.

Blanch. Bleach, whiten, whitewash.

Ant. Blacken, stain, dye, darken, color.

Bland. Soft, gentle, mild, affable, gracious, tender, benign, courteous, complaisant.

Ant. Harsh, abrupt, rough, biting, savage, severe, impolite.

Blandishment. Flattery, coaxing, fascination, wheedling, attraction, charm, fawning, cajolery.

Ant. Bluntness, unmannerliness, roughness, scolding, severity, sternness.

39Blank. Bare, drear, bleak, void, empty; utter, pure, simple, mere, unqualified, unmitigated; amazed, astonished, confused, disconcerted.

Ant. Full, replete; complex; modified, qualified; composed, controlled, self-possessed, cognizant, intelligent.

Blasphemy. Profanity, sacrilege, impiety, swearing.

Ant. Reverence, godliness, veneration.

Blast. Shrivel, destroy, blight, kill, ruin, wither, annihilate; explode, rend, burst.

Ant. Restore, expand, swell.

Blazon. Exhibit, show off, blaze, blare, trumpet, proclaim, publish.

Ant. Conceal, hush, cover, hide, suppress, shroud, bury.

Bleach. Blanch, whiten.

Ant. Blacken, darken, soil, stain.

Bleak. Windy, exposed, bare; cold, chill, raw, desolate, comfortless, cheerless.

Ant. Sheltered, protected, warm, balmy, cheerful, comfortable.

Blemish. Blot, spot, flaw, fault, imperfection, stain; defacement, tarnish, disfigurement, disgrace, defect, dishonor, stigma, taint.

Ant. Purity, unsulliedness, honor, integrity, wholeness.

Blend. Mix, unite, fuse, merge, mingle, amalgamate, combine, coalesce, harmonize.

Ant. Separate, run, dissociate, divide.

Bless. Delight, gladden, make happy, thank, glorify, exalt, praise, extol, felicitate, cheer.

Ant. Curse, anathematize, sadden, grieve.

Blessing. Benediction, benison; good, benefit, happiness, profit, boon, gain; glory, praise, gratitude.

Ant. Malediction, curse; bereavement, impoverishment, calamity, deprivation, disaster, damage, detriment.

Blight. Pestilence, withering, blast, destruction.

Ant. Development, maturity.

Blind. Sightless, unseeing, eyeless, undiscerning, ignorant, unconscious, uninformed.

Ant. Clear-sighted, far-seeing, discerning, penetrating, conscious, keen, aware, sensitive.

Blink. Wink, ignore, connive, overlook.

Ant. Notice, note, mark.

Bliss. Blessedness, happiness, joy, ecstasy, rapture, felicity, beatitude.

Ant. Torment, woe, suffering, misery, accursedness.

Blithe. Merry, joyous, cheerful, gay, lively, airy, sportive, blithesome, mirthful, jocund, elated, vivacious, joyful.

Ant. Dejected, heavy, dull, sullen.

Block. Obstruct, arrest, stop, fill.

Ant. Free, open, clear.

Blockhead. Dunce, dolt, stupid fellow, numskull, ninny, simpleton, ignoramus, dullard, booby.

Ant. Sage, adept, savant, philosopher, schoolman, luminary.

Blood-thirsty. Cruel, savage, ferocious, murderous, bloody, bloody-minded, gory, barbarous, inhuman, ruthless, sanguinary.

Ant. Humane, kind, merciful, mild, tender, compassionate.

Bloom, n. Blossom, flower, flowering, efflorescence; flush, freshness, prime, vigor, glow; delicacy, innocence.

40Ant. Decay, decadence, blight, blast, roughness, toughness, ghastliness, superannuation, cadaverousness, coarseness.

Bloom, v. Blossom, bud, flower, germinate, sprout, blow, develop.

Ant. Blight, be blasted, wither.

Blooming. Flourishing, flowering; young, beautiful, fair, fresh.

Ant. Fading, waning, old, unsightly, deformed, blasted, withered.

Blot. Sully, spot, tarnish, spoil, discolor, pollute, stain, erase, blur, blotch, smear, smutch, obliterate.

Ant. Cleanse, clear, whiten, blanch; perpetuate, preserve.

Blot out. Erase, cancel, expunge, obliterate, efface, destroy, wipe out.

Ant. Restore, replace.

Blow, n. Knock, thump, stroke, box, buffet, calamity, cuff, cut, concussion, disaster, lash, misfortune, rap, shock, stroke, wound, affliction, blast, gale, gust; disappointment.

Ant. Relief, comfort, blessing, consolation, assuagement.

Bluff. Abrupt, blunt, inconsiderate, open, rough, unmannerly, uncivil, blustering, bold, brusque, coarse, discourteous, frank, impolite, plain-spoken, rude.

Ant. Bland, courteous, genial, polite, refined, reserved, urbane, polished.

Blunder. Error, mistake, misunderstanding, fault, slip, oversight, inaccuracy, delusion.

Ant. Accuracy, correctness, truthfulness, exactness, ratification, foresight, achievement, success, correction.

Blunt, a. Obtuse, dull, pointless, edgeless, brusk, abrupt, plain, informal, stupid, stolid.

Ant. Sharp, keen, acute, sensitive, polished, courteous, refined.

Blunt, v. Subdue, numb, harden, dull, make dull, deaden, paralyze, stupefy; moderate, allay, mitigate, assuage.

Ant. Quicken, sharpen, instigate, excite, stimulate, animate, vitalize.

Blush, n. Bloom, color, reddening, carnation, complexion; shame, confusion, guiltiness.

Ant. Pallor; innocence, purity, unconsciousness; boldness, effrontery.

Bluster. Storm, rage, insult, roar, swagger, vaunt, boast.

Ant. Cringe, whine, whimper.

Boast. Vaunt, brag, swagger, magnify, make much of, swell, bluster, triumph, glory, vapor.

Ant. Whine, cringe; minimize, apologize.

Bodily. Corporeally; completely, wholly, altogether, entirely, collectively, unitedly.

Ant. Spiritually, ghostly; piecemeal, partially, gradually, fragmentarily.

Body. Material or physical substance; carcass, corpse; trunk, stem, bulk, main part; person, individual, mortal, creature, being; company, society, corporation; system; consistency, substance; ashes, form, dust, frame, remains, clay.

Ant. Intellect, intelligence, soul, spirit, mind; branch, limb; world, universe; mass, conglomeration.

Boil. Bubble, rage, effervesce, explode, fume.

Ant. Calm, subside, cool, recover.

41Boisterous. Loud, unrestrained, stormy, noisy, furious, violent, clamorous.

Ant. Quiet, silent, unostentatious, mild, gentle, peaceful, calm, serene, self-possessed.

Bold. Courageous, fearless, adventurous, brave, intrepid, dauntless, audacious, daring, valiant.

Ant. Timorous, fearful, retiring, shy, bashful.

Bolster. Support, prop, help, sustain, aid, buoy, patch, defend, maintain.

Ant. Depress, fail, relax.

Bombast. Bluster, pomposity, fustian, braggadocio, rhodomontade.

Ant. Modesty, humility, veracity, moderation, temperance.

Bond. Tie, fastening, manacle, fetter; compact, obligation, security.

Ant. Option, freedom, parole, honor, discretion.

Bondage. Servitude, slavery, imprisonment, captivity, incarceration, subjection, serfdom, confinement, thraldom.

Ant. Liberty, freedom, manumission, independence.

Bondsman. Slave, serf, captive, vassal, prisoner.

Ant. Freeman, gentleman, master, lord.

Bonny. Fair, pretty, pleasant, handsome, shapely, buxom.

Ant. Homely, ugly, unseemly, deformed, ill-favored.

Bonus. Premium, douceur, boon, benefit.

Ant. Fine, penalty, discount, mulct.

Booby. Dunce, idiot, numskull.

Ant. Wiseacre, solon, oracle.

Bookish. Pedantic, studious, learned, erudite, educated.

Ant. Illiterate, ignorant.

Boor. Rustic, clown, lout, peasant, countryman, plowman, swain, bumpkin.

Ant. Gentleman, courtier.

Boorish. Rude, rustic, clownish, loutish, ungainly, awkward, coarse, rough, gawky.

Ant. Polite, civil, polished, urbane, courtly, affable, gracious.

Bootless. Useless, unavailing, unprofitable, profitless, vain.

Ant. Effectual, profitable, useful, effective.

Booty. Plunder, prey, spoil, pillage, loot.

Ant. Restitution, fine, forfeiture, confiscation, penalty.

Border. Edge, limit, boundary, brink, rim, verge, enclosure, confine, band.

Ant. Land, tract, interior, center, space, substance.

Bore. Pierce, perforate, penetrate, drill; weary, plague, trouble, vex, worry, annoy.

Ant. Delight, gratify, please.

Bosom. Breast, heart, affection; hollow, depths, midst, inmost recesses; retreat, retirement, quiet, privacy.

Ant. Surface, exterior, expanse; manner, deportment, demeanor.

Both. Twain, two.

Ant. Either, each, every, neither, none, not any, no one.

Bother. Worry, pester, perplex, harass, plague, tease, vex, molest, annoy, excite.

Ant. Aid, assist, calm, quiet, compose.

Bottom. Deep, profound, base, foot; foundation, basis, groundwork; valley, meadow; ship, vessel; seat; grounds, lees, sediments; stamina, power of endurance.

Ant. Top, height, acme, apex, summit, crown, brow; surface.

42Bound, v. Skip, leap, frisk, jump, spring; confine, limit, circumscribe, terminate, restrict, restrain.

Ant. Hobble, limp, crawl, creep, shamble; enlarge, open, extend, spread out.

Boundary. Margin, limit, confines, border, bound, frontier, line, marge, verge, termination, term, barrier, bourn, edge, enclosure, landmark; circumference.

Ant. Land, region, estate, interior, territory; center, citadel; inside.

Boundless. Unlimited, illimitable, unbounded, measureless, infinite.

Ant. Narrow, restricted, confined, circumscribed.

Bountiful. Liberal, generous, benevolent, unselfish, munificent.

Ant. Miserly, selfish, stingy, niggardly.

Bounty. Liberality, gift, generosity, charity, benefaction, benignity, benevolence, munificence, donation; premium, reward, bonus.

Ant. Closeness, stinginess, niggardliness, miserliness.

Bower. Recess, arbor, retreat, alcove, summerhouse.

Ant. Open place.

Brag. Boast, vaunt, bully, swagger.

Ant. Cringe, whine, whimper.

Braid. Bind, weave, plait, tie.

Ant. Unbind, dishevel.

Branch. Member, bough, limb, shoot, arm, twig, scion, offshoot, ramification; section, department, division; article, part, portion; tributary; derivative line, cognate stock.

Ant. Trunk, stock, stem; race, family, house.

Brand, v. Denounce, mark, stigmatize, disgrace.

Ant. Honor, decorate, distinguish.

Brandish. Flourish, wield, whisk, shake, wave.

Ant. Suspend, stay, arrest.

Bravado. Boasting, bragging, bluster.

Ant. Diffidence, reserve, concealment, modesty.

Brave. Fearless, heroic, undaunted, undismayed, adventurous, bold, courageous, daring, dauntless, gallant, intrepid, valiant, venturesome, doughty, chivalrous, chivalric, splendid, courteous.

Ant. Afraid, cringing, fearful, shrinking, timid, timorous, frightened, cowardly, faint-hearted, pusillanimous, churlish, discourteous, fearsome.

Brawny. Muscular, strong, powerful, athletic, sinewy, herculean, robust, stout.

Ant. Weak, fragile, delicate, feeble, effeminate, lean.

Breach. Break, rupture, opening, fracture, flaw, fissure, rent; violation, infringement, non-observance; quarrel, difference, variance, dissension, schism, alienation.

Ant. Integrity, wholeness, flawlessness, completeness; reconciliation, healing; conservation, observance; inviolateness; union, fidelity, amalgamation.

Break. Fracture, rend, part, sever, shatter, smash, shiver; weaken, impair, enfeeble, enervate; tame; make bankrupt; dismiss, discard, degrade, cashier; mitigate, assuage; interrupt, stop, cut short; open, unfold; destroy, sunder, burst, rive, crack, crush, demolish, rupture, split, transgress.

Ant. Fasten, join, mend, secure, 43unite, weld, attach, bind, solder, heal, piece, conjoin, rejoin; protect, conserve; encourage, strengthen, preserve; observe, obey.

Breast. Bosom, heart, affection, conscience.

Breathless. Out of breath; lifeless, dead; exhausted, eager, absorbed, attentive, fascinated; astonished, astounded, bewildered.

Ant. Calm, collected, cool, composed; indifferent, uninterested.

Breed, n. Lineage, race, pedigree, progeny, stock, line, family, extraction, strain.

Ant. Ancestor, source, original, origin.

Breed, v. Bring forth, bear, beget, produce; nurture, foster, nourish; discipline, educate, instruct, train, teach, school; occasion, originate, generate, procreate, propagate, cause, evolve.

Ant. Destroy, extirpate, stifle, extinguish.

Breeding. Discipline, instruction, education, nurture, training, schooling; manners, deportment.

Ant. Ill manners, misbehavior; ignorance, illiteracy.

Brevity. Shortness, terseness, conciseness, compression, pithiness, succinctness, pointedness; abbreviation, abridgment.

Ant. Prolixity, diffuseness, verbosity, length, protraction, elongation, extension, tediousness.

Brew. Concoct, compound, mix, hatch, foment, excite; prepare, collect, gather, grow; threaten, impend; form.

Ant. Disperse, break, spoil, mar, miscompound.

Bridle, v. Restrain, curb, control, govern, check; bristle, ruffle; master, moderate, compress, repress.

Ant. Relax, loosen, give vent, liberate, discharge; soothe, calm.

Brief. Short, concise, succinct.

Ant. Long, tedious, diffuse.

Bright. Shining, resplendent, luminous, glowing, lustrous, beaming, gleaming, glistening, blazing, flaming, flashing, radiant, ruddy, refulgent, brilliant, dazzling, sparkling, scintillating, burnished; lucid, clear, transparent, pellucid, lambent, cloudless, limpid; glorious, famous, illustrious; intelligent, acute, discerning, keen, ingenious; auspicious, promising, propitious, favorable, inspiring; cheerful, merry, lively, happy, animated.

Ant. Opaque, dull, dark, gloomy, black, ebon, shadowy, rayless, sunless, murky, cloudy, overcast, pitchy, lurid; obscure, mysterious, enigmatical, mystic, unintelligible, occult, recondite, abstruse, cabalistic, transcendental; disheartening, discouraging, dismal, cheerless; ignorant, unlettered, untaught, imbecile, rude, benighted; foul, infamous, horrible, damnable, vile, infernal, wicked, sullen, atrocious, dejected.

Brilliant. Bright, radiant, flashing, lustrous, glorious, luminous, effulgent, beaming, sparkling; illustrious, distinguished, celebrated, famous, renowned, eminent.

Ant. Dark, dull, stupid, gloomy; notorious, infamous; obscure, insignificant.

Bring. Bear, fetch, convey; conduct, guide, lead, attend, accompany, convoy; obtain, gain, procure, produce; induce, prevail upon.

44Ant. Remove, export, send, exclude, debar, transport, abstract, subtract.

Brisk. Lively, quick, vivacious, active, alert, animated, prompt, sprightly, nimble, spry, agile.

Ant. Slow, heavy, dull, sluggish, indolent, inactive, unenergetic, stagnant.

Bristling. Full, crowded, swarming, stocked, multifarious, multitudinous; bristly, standing on end like bristles; ruffled, roughened, corrugated, bespined; bridled, angered, offended.

Ant. Smooth, soothed, allayed; prone; bare, nude, scant, devoid, vacant.

Brittle. Fragile, crumbling, shivery, frail, easily broken.

Ant. Tough, stout, strong, hardy.

Broach. Open, pierce, tap; suggest, hint, approach, break; utter, publish, proclaim, give out; originate, propound.

Ant. Repress, cork, bottle, secrete, conceal, hide.

Broad. Wide; large, ample, extensive, vast, spacious, capacious; liberal, tolerant, free, hospitable; spread, diffused, open; gross, vulgar, indecent, coarse.

Ant. Narrow; contracted, restricted, confined, limited; prejudiced, illiberal, bigoted, reserved; veiled, enigmatical, shrouded, shaded; refined, delicate, sketchy; specific, pointed.

Broil. Affray, quarrel, contention.

Brook. Tolerate, bear, suffer, endure, abide, submit to, undergo, permit.

Ant. Resist, resent, reject.

Brotherhood. Fraternity, fellowship, association, sodality, society.

Browbeat. Bully, intimidate, bulldoze, overawe.

Ant. Rally, support.

Bruise. Pommel, crush, squeeze, break, pound, batter, deface.

Ant. Heal, soothe.

Brunt. Shock, attack, impulse, onslaught, onset, assault.

Ant. Repulse, resistance, endurance.

Brutal. Brutish, animal, beastly, bestial; savage, ferocious, cruel, harsh, uncivil, rude, rough, gruff, impolite, brusque; sensual, carnal.

Ant. Humane, self-controlled, civilized, enlightened, elevated, noble, refined, intelligent, grand.

Bubble. Toy, trifle, fancy, conceit, dream, vision, froth, trash.

Ant. Prize, treasure, reality, substance, jewel, good, advantage.

Buffoon. Wag, clown, jester, mountebank, harlequin, droll, punch, fool.

Ant. Wit, genius, pedant, philosopher.

Build. Make, form, shape, figure, model; construct, erect, raise.

Ant. Demolish, overthrow, destroy.

Building. Architecture, edifice, structure, fabric, pile, erection.

Ant. Ruin, demolition, dilapidation, dismantlement.

Bulk. Magnitude, size, volume, mass; greatness, amplitude, massiveness; majority, major part, most, principal part; dimension.

Ant. Portion, section, atom, particle; diminution, tenuity, contraction, dismemberment, disintegration.

Bulwark. Rampart, fortress, fortification, stronghold, intrenchment, bastion, parapet, citadel.

45Ant. Siege, bombardment, cannonade, boarding, storming.

Bungler. Botcher, clown, fumbler, clumsy workman, novice.

Ant. Adept, adroit, master, artist, proficient workman, professor.

Buoy, v. Float, support, sustain; elevate, inspire, assure, animate, cheer.

Ant. Sink, drown, depress, swamp; crush, betray, fail, deject, overcome.

Buoyant. Light; cheerful, hopeful, sprightly, vivacious, joyous, blithesome, jocund, sportive, jubilant, elastic, floating.

Ant. Heavy, dejected, depressed, moody, joyless, cheerless, desponding.

Burden. Load, weight; cargo, freight; capacity, tonnage: impediment, incubus, grievance, trial, trouble, affliction, sorrow; chorus, refrain; topic, drift, tenor, point, substance.

Ant. Ease, lightness; facility, airiness, light-heartedness; consolation, assuagement, alleviation, liberation, mitigation.

Burial. Interment, sepulture, entombment, burying.

Ant. Exhumation, disinterment.

Burlesque. Parody, travesty, caricature, ridicule, farce.

Ant. Classic, history, fact.

Burn. Char, consume, cremate, scorch, set on fire, singe, ignite, incinerate, kindle, blaze, cauterize, glow, smolder.

Ant. Smother, stifle, subdue, extinguish, cool, put out; subside, glimmer, lower, pale.

Burnish. Brighten, polish, make to glisten, glaze, gloss.

Ant. Dull, bedim, cloud, scratch, abrade.

Burst. Break, open, explode, blow up, rend, split, crack, discharge, shatter, disrupt.

Ant. Cohere, hold, stand, stick together, adhere.

Bury. Inter, cover up, entomb, inearth, inhume, inurn; shroud, conceal, secrete, hide; immure, confine; cancel, compose, hush, cover with oblivion.

Ant. Resurrect, exhume, disinter, excavate, expose, resuscitate; publish, announce, advertise.

Business. Employment, craft, trade, commerce, handicraft, traffic, transaction, work, vocation, job, affairs, avocation, profession, occupation, calling, concern, duty, office, interest.

Ant. Stagnation, leisure, inactivity.

Bustle. Activity, stir, commotion, excitement, haste, hurry, energy, eagerness, flurry.

Ant. Idleness, inactivity, vacation, stagnation, quiet, indolence, indifference, unconcern.

Busy. Engaged, employed, occupied; diligent, industrious, active, working, sedulous; brisk, stirring, bustling, agile, spry, nimble; meddling, officious.

Ant. Idle, lazy, indolent, slothful.

But. Save, except, furthermore, barely, besides, however, just, only, notwithstanding, though, unless, yet, still, merely, nevertheless, provided, moreover.

Buxom. Bonny, blithe, shapely.

Ant. Lean, slender, ill-shaped.

Buy. Purchase, bargain, acquire; bribe, corrupt, pervert, suborn, subsidize.

Ant. Sell, hawk, retail, vend.

By. Through, with; at, on; from, according to; near, close by; past; along, over; before, in the sight of, in the name of; per, at.

Cabal. Confederacy, conspiracy, conclave, combination, faction, crew, junto, gang, coterie, plot, political intrigue, league.

Cadaverous. Bloodless, pallid, pale, wan, ghastly, deathlike, ashy.

Ant. Rosy, blushing, sanguine, incarnadine.

Cage, v. Imprison, immure, confine, incarcerate.

Ant. Liberate, free, dismiss, unbar.

Caitiff. Rascal, miscreant, villain, wretch, coward, sneak, traitor, scoundrel, vagabond.

Ant. Gentleman, patriot, philanthropist.

Cajole. Coax, wheedle, flatter, fawn upon, blandish; deceive, entrap, beguile, inveigle, impose upon.

Ant. Scold, chide, warn.

Calamitous. Disastrous, unfortunate, unlucky, adverse, untoward, deplorable, ruinous, inauspicious, wretched, distressing, grievous, ill-starred, troublous, hapless, ill-omened.

Ant. Fortunate, auspicious, felicitous, propitious, favorable, advantageous.

Calamity. Disaster, misfortune, catastrophe, mishap, trial, trouble, affliction, adversity, distress, hardship, ill luck, visitation.

Ant. Blessing, boon, advantage, good fortune, benefaction.

Calculate. Number, reckon, sum up, count, compute, account, estimate, enumerate, rate; consider, deem, apportion, investigate.

Ant. Guess, risk, chance, conjecture, stake.

Calculating. Wary, cautious, scheming, crafty, cool, hard, selfish; careful, circumspect, sagacious, farsighted.

Ant. Shortsighted, improvident, rash, careless.

Calculation. Reckoning, computation; expectation, anticipation, prospect; foresight, forethought, caution, wariness, discretion, prudence, deliberation.

Ant. Omission, carelessness, imprudence, indiscretion, inconsideration.

Caliber. Diameter, gage, capacity; faculty, scope, talent, ability, gifts, parts, endowment.

Ant. Smallness, thinness; imbecility, incapacity, puerility.

Call. Cry, bellow, clamor, ejaculate, scream, roar, shout, shriek, bawl, yell, exclaim, vociferate; invite, summon, send for, bid; assemble, convene, muster; elect, ordain, appoint; invoke, appeal to.

Ant. Be silent, hush, list, listen, harken, be still; ignore; disperse; disdain, defy.

Calm. Composed, peaceful, placid, quiet, still, tranquil, self-possessed, serene, undisturbed, dispassionate, sedate, collected, imperturbable, unruffled.

Ant. Frantic, frenzied, passionate, furious, raging, stormy, violent, boisterous, agitated, excited, fierce, turbulent, wild, heated, wrathful, disturbed.

Calumniate. Slander, traduce, defame, vilify, revile, asperse.

Ant. Praise, commend, vindicate, laud, honor, eulogize; shield.

Calumny. Slander, aspersion, 47defamation, detraction, abuse, obloquy.

Ant. Vindication, justification; eulogy, panegyric.

Camp. Encampment, bivouac.

Cancel. Obliterate, scratch out, erase, efface, expunge, cross off; abolish, abrogate, nullify, annul, revoke, rescind, make void, repeal.

Ant. Confirm, enact, perpetuate, approve, enforce, uphold, sustain, maintain, establish, record, write.

Candid. Honest, open, straightforward, transparent, unbiased, artless, frank, guileless, ingenuous, naive, sincere, impartial, innocent, unprejudiced, aboveboard, simple, truthful, unsophisticated, fair.

Ant. Deceitful, designing, foxy, sharp, shrewd, crafty, artful, sly, tricky, subtle, adroit, cunning, insincere, diplomatic, intriguing, wily.

Candidate. Aspirant, solicitant, petitioner, canvasser, claimant, solicitor.

Ant. Non-competitor; resigner, abandoner, abjurer.

Canvass. Debate, discuss, dispute, agitate; examine, investigate, scrutinize, sift, study, consider; solicit votes from, apply for.

Ant. Admit, pass, misexamine, allow, ignore, disregard.

Capability. Capacity, ability, skill, power, competency, efficiency, caliber, force, faculty, scope, brains, talent.

Ant. Dulness, inability, inaptitude, difficulty, awkwardness.

Capacity. Space, magnitude, volume, dimensions, extent, size, tonnage, caliber; faculty, gift, talent, genius, competency, capability, discernment, cleverness, skill, aptitude; sphere, office, province, character, function.

Ant. Restriction, narrowness, contractedness, incapacity; incompetency, inefficiency, inability.

Capital, n. Metropolis; large letter; stock, sum invested; head of a column or pillar; mental, physical, or financial resources.

Capital, a. Chief, principal, essential, leading, cardinal; fatal, forfeiting life; excellent, prime, first-class, first-rate, consummate, high, important.

Ant. Subordinate, inferior, unimportant, minor; defective, mean.

Capitulate. Surrender, yield, submit, stipulate.

Ant. Resist, contend, struggle.

Caprice. Vagary, freak, whim, fancy, crotchet.

Ant. Purpose, plan, determination, conviction, seriousness.

Capricious. Wayward, fanciful, freakish, whimsical, inconstant, uncertain, fitful, fickle, changeable.

Ant. Firm, inflexible, unswerving, constant, decided, serious.

Captious. Carping, hypercritical, censorious; crabbed, snappish, touchy, cross, snarling, acrimonious, contentious; insidious, ensnaring.

Ant. Appreciative, commendatory, complimentary, encouraging, flattering, laudatory, approving.

Captivate. Charm, enchant, fascinate, enamor, bewitch, please highly, lead captive, win, catch.

Ant. Disenchant, disillusionize; disgust.

Captivity. Thraldom, confinement, 48duress, imprisonment, bondage, subjection, slavery, servitude, durance.

Ant. Freedom, liberty, independence.

Capture. Seize, catch, arrest, apprehend, make captive; prize.

Ant. Liberate, free, release; acquit.

Care. Anxiety, trouble, solicitude, concern, vigilance, worry, charge, caution, attention, heed, forethought, management, perplexity, watchfulness, wariness, precaution, oversight, prudence.

Ant. Indifference, heedlessness, negligence, oversight, remissness, slight, recklessness, disregard, carelessness, inattention.

Career. Course, line of achievement, passage, race, flight, procedure, conduct, progress, active life, success.

Careful. Thoughtful, provident, considerate, reflective, heedful, diligent, pensive, regardful, contemplative.

Ant. Careless, thoughtless, improvident, unthinking, heedless, inconsiderate, rash, wanton, idle, dreamy, trifling.

Caress, v. Embrace, fondle, kiss, pet, pamper, coddle, court, flatter.

Ant. Vex, tease, affront, annoy, provoke, persecute.

Cargo. Freight, load, goods, lading, consignment, merchandise.

Caricature. Imitation, mimicry, parody, travesty, burlesque, exaggeration, extravaganza, takeoff, farce, monstrosity.

Ant. Portraiture, resemblance, representation, reproduction.

Carnage. Massacre, bloodshed, slaughter, havoc, butchery.

Ant. Deliverance, ransom, quarter, redemption.

Carnal. Sensual, fleshly, lustful, lascivious; natural, unregenerate, earthly, temporal.

Ant. Spiritual, ethereal, refined, pure, exalted, temperate, self-controlled.

Carnival. Festival, revel, masquerade, rout.

Ant. Fast, retirement, Lent, penance, mortification.

Carol. Sing, warble, chirp, twitter, chant, whistle, hum; hymn.

Ant. Whine, lament, dirge, cry, croak, weep, groan, moan.

Carousal. Feast, festival, banquet, revel, debauch, wassail, orgies.

Ant. Fast, abstinence, starvation; temperance, moderation; self-denial.

Carp. Cavil, find fault, object to, pick flaws, challenge, censure, hypercriticize.

Ant. Concede, admit, compliment, approve, applaud, acquiesce, assent.

Carpet. Covering for floor; table or board (metaphorical), consideration, consultation.

Ant. Shelf (metaphorical), rejection, oblivion, disposal.

Carry. Convey, move, transport, lift, bring, bear, transmit, support, sustain, take; impel, urge, push forward; signify, infer, involve, implicate.

Ant. Drop, let go, throw down, fall under, shake off; retard, impede; leave, be separate from.

Case. Box; covering, sheathe; state, condition, plight, predicament; instance, example, occurrence; circumstance, event, contingency; suit, action, process, trial, cause; question, subject of discussion; form, inflection.

Ant. Hypothesis, supposition, fancy, theory, conjecture; 49generalization, principle, universality.

Cash. Coin, money, specie, currency, capital.

Ant. Paper money, greenbacks, bills.

Cast. Hurl, throw, pitch, fling, drive, thrust, sling, toss; shed, lay aside; calculate, compute, reckon; found, form; direct, turn; assign, appoint, allot; impart, shed, diffuse, communicate.

Ant. Raise, elevate, erect; accept, approve, retain, carry; miscalculate; break, dismember, dissipate.

Caste. Grade, rank, order, lineage, dignity, respect.

Ant. Abasement, degradation, disrepute, taboo, reproach, ostracism.

Castigate. Whip, flagellate, cane.

Ant. Reward, encourage, caress, pat.

Casual. Accidental, incidental, fortuitous, chance, contingent.

Ant. Regular, certain, fixed, ordinary, periodic, systematic.

Casuistry. Sophistry, fallacy, quibble; refinement.

Ant. Reason, common sense, conscience.

Catalogue. List, register, index, enrolment, entry, record, roll, inventory, schedule.

Ant. Non-registration, obliteration, oblivion, forgetfulness; non-entry, oversight, omission.

Catastrophe. Revolution, disaster, mishap, misfortune, calamity, cataclysm, blow, visitation.

Ant. Victory, triumph, benefit, ovation, success, felicitation, blessing.

Catch. Grasp, seize, clutch, capture, clasp, secure, snatch, take, arrest, ensnare, entrap, grip, lay hold; comprehend, apprehend, understand.

Ant. Lose, miss, fail of, let go, give up, release, restore.

Categorical. Plain, absolute, distinct, positive, declaratory, affirmative.

Ant. Obscure, ambiguous, dubious, hypothetical, contingent, mystical, enigmatical.

Category. Class, division, order, rank; universal aspect, primitive relation.

Ant. Essence, truth, being, substance, nature.

Causality. Causation, potentiality, eventuality, operativeness.

Ant. Counteractivity, barrenness, sterility; finality.

Cause. Agent, origin, source, creator, spring; reason, power; designer, antecedent, originator, author, producer; condition, principle.

Ant. Effect, result, end, production, issue, accomplishment, development, consequence, creation, fruit, event, outcome, outgrowth.

Caution. Care, heed, wariness, circumspection, forethought, discretion; warning, admonition, advice, counsel.

Ant. Temerity, heedlessness, unguardedness, improvidence, imprudence.

Cavalier, a. Arrogant, haughty, overbearing, insolent, disdainful.

Ant. Courteous; subservient, servile; civil, polite.

Cavil. Carp, object, censure.

Ant. Approve, allow, concede.

Cavity. Opening, gap, aperture, hole, fissure.

Ant. Obstruction, filling.

Cease. End, finish, desist, leave off, quit, stop, refrain, abstain, discontinue, pause, terminate.

Ant. Begin, commence, continue, 50originate, inaugurate, start, set going, set in operation.

Celebrated. Famous, renowned, distinguished, famed, illustrious, eminent, glorious, notable, exalted.

Ant. Obscure, unknown, unnotable, mean, insignificant, inconspicuous.

Celebration. Solemnization, observance, commemoration, laudation, praise, commendation.

Ant. Oblivion, desuetude, non-observance.

Celebrity. Fame, renown, reputation, glory, honor, repute, eminence, distinction; person of note, “lion.”

Ant. Obscurity, ignominy, disgrace, contempt, meanness; infamy; oblivion.

Celerity. Rapidity, speed, haste, velocity, swiftness, fleetness, despatch.

Ant. Slowness, tardiness, inertness.

Celestial. Heavenly, angelic, supernal, ethereal, atmospheric, immortal, seraphic, divine, godlike.

Ant. Earthly, terrestrial; human, mortal; infernal.

Censure. Blame, disapproval, reproach, disapprobation, reprimand, condemnation, remonstrance, rebuke.

Ant. Praise, approval, eulogy, commendation, encouragement.

Center. Middle, midst.

Ant. Perimeter, rim, bound, circumference, boundary.

Central. Convenient, medial, accessible.

Ant. Remote, inaccessible, inconvenient.

Centralize. Concentrate, collect, localize.

Ant. Disperse, distribute.

Ceremonial, n. Ritual, rites, formalities, etiquette.

Ceremonial, a. Ritualistic, formal, official, ministerial, pompous, sumptuous, scenic, functional.

Ant. Private, unostentatious, undramatic, unimposing, unassuming.

Ceremonious. Stately, lofty, courtly; formal, studied, punctilious; prim, precise.

Ant. Brusk, blunt, supercilious, plain, simple.

Certain. Sure, infallible, positive, undeniable, unfailing; assured, fixed, regular, established; true, accurate, unmistakable.

Ant. Dubious, irregular, undecided, doubtful, exceptional, casual.

Certainty. Assurance, conviction, confidence, positiveness.

Ant. Hesitation, doubt, misgiving, conjecture, indecision.

Certify. Acknowledge, avow, declare, prove, inform, assure, attest.

Ant. Disavow, misinform, disprove.

Cessation. Stop, pause, abeyance, suspension, lull, respite.

Ant. Incessancy, continuity, continuance.

Chafe. Vex, irritate, gall, rub, chagrin, tease, worry, harass, annoy, fret; rage, fume; nettle, exasperate, anger.

Ant. Soothe, coax, calm, console, humor; submit, endure, succumb.

Chaff. Banter, badinage, nonsense, frivolity; refuse, trash.

Ant. Sense, reason, pith, gist, seriousness, substance.

Chagrin. Humiliation, shame, mortification, confusion, discomposure, dismay, disappointment.

51Ant. Delight, glory, exultation, triumph, rejoicing.

Challenge, v. Dare, brave, defy; demand, require, claim; object to, take exceptions.

Ant. Pass, allow, grant, concede, permit; retract, retreat.

Champion. Defender, protector, vindicator; hero, winner, chief, victor, combatant.

Ant. Renegade, traitor, deserter, coward; adversary, opponent.

Chance. Hazard, casualty, accident, luck, fortune.

Ant. Law, sequence, purpose, design, intention, causation, certainty.

Change, n. Transformation, variation, transition, conversion, innovation, diversion, novelty, variety, vicissitude, alteration, transmutation.

Ant. Fixity, identity, constancy, uniformity, firmness, permanence, persistence, steadiness.

Change, v. Alter, transform, vary, turn, veer, shift, qualify, modify, exchange, diversify, convert, metamorphose, substitute.

Ant. Continue, endure, stay, hold, keep, retain, abide, remain, persist.

Changeless. Stationary, undeviating, immovable, reliable, consistent.

Ant. Fluctuating, vacillating, capricious, variable, plastic.

Character. Mark, figure, sign, symbol, emblem, letter; constitution, nature, disposition, turn, cast, bent; temperament, moral qualities, personality, traits, habits; person, individual; repute, reputation.

Ant. Anonymousness; disrepute; vagueness; indefiniteness.

Characteristic. Attribute, peculiarity, trait, sign, indication, mark, feature, distinction, singularity, property, idiosyncrasy.

Ant. Nondescript, generality, miscellany, commonness.

Charge, v. Load, freight, burden; intrust; impute, ascribe; accuse, impeach, incriminate, arraign, indict; command, order, require, bid; attack, assault.

Ant. Free, acquit, liberate, discharge.

Charitable. Benign, bountiful, liberal; lenient, mild, considerate.

Ant. Selfish, harsh, exacting, revengeful, churlish, censorious.

Charity. Benevolence, liberality, bounty, generosity, philanthropy.

Ant. Harshness, ill will, malignity, malevolence.

Charlatan. Quack, mountebank, impostor, pretender, humbug, cheat.

Ant. Victim, dupe, gull.

Charm. Spell, incantation, enchantment; fascination, attraction, allurement; witchery, sorcery, magic, necromancy.

Ant. Fear, repulsion, disenchantment, disillusion.

Chary. Careful, cautious, wary; frugal, sparing, saving, reluctant.

Ant. Liberal, lavish, profuse, extravagant.

Chase. Pursue, track, hunt, follow, prosecute; emboss, enchase.

Ant. Flee, shun, elude, evade; abandon, relinquish.

Chaste. Pure, spotless, immaculate, modest, virtuous, simple, refined, classic, elegant.

52Ant. Corrupt, impure, flashy, gaudy; coarse, inelegant.

Chasten. Discipline, chastise, subdue, afflict, punish, soften, try.

Ant. Indulge, pamper, spoil, demoralize.

Chattels. Goods, wares, effects, furniture.

Ant. Freehold.

Cheap. Common, inexpensive, mean, worthless, vile, paltry, low-priced, poor, indifferent.

Ant. Rare, costly, expensive, high, precious.

Cheat, n. Fraud, trick, artifice, swindle, deceit, fiction, imposture.

Ant. Truth, reality, fact, honesty, authenticity, certainty, openness, sincerity.

Check, v. Restrain, curb, stop, bridle, hinder, impede, inhibit; reprove, chide, reprimand, rebuke.

Ant. License, indulge, allow, loose, liberate, abet, instigate.

Cheer, n. Gladness, joy, gaiety, mirth, merriment, cheerfulness, happiness, hope, conviviality, plenty, hospitality.

Ant. Gloom, dearth, sullenness, niggardliness, unsociableness.

Cheerful. Glad, lively, mirthful, animated, jocund, jolly, blithe, buoyant, merry, joyous.

Ant. Gloomy, dejected, unhappy, lifeless, dull, depressing, melancholy, joyless, dispiriting.

Cherish. Foster, nurture, protect, shelter, treasure, comfort, cheer.

Ant. Abandon, afflict, check, discourage.

Chief, a. Head, important, excellent, high, principal, consummate.

Ant. Subordinate, minor, inferior.

Chieftain. Captain, commander, general, leader, chief.

Ant. Vassal, minion, adherent, retainer, attendant, follower.

Childish. Puerile, weak, infantine; silly, foolish, trivial, trifling.

Ant. Manly, strong, wise, sagacious; important, momentous.

Chimerical. Visionary, imaginary, unreal, dreamy, fanciful, fabulous.

Ant. Real, actual, substantial, veritable.

Chivalrous. Knightly, gallant, gentlemanly, heroic, valiant, spirited.

Ant. Dastardly, recreant, sneaking.

Choice, n. Option, preference, alternative, selection, election, free will.

Ant. Necessity, compulsion; refusal; force; fate, predestination.

Choice, a. Select, dainty, rare, valuable, cherished, exquisite, precious.

Ant. Common, ordinary, despicable, cheap, inferior.

Choose. Select, pick out, cull, prefer, elect.

Ant. Cast away, reject, decline, refuse, leave, throw aside.

Chronicle. Annals, records, register, memorials, archives, history.

Ant. Legend, romance, tradition.

Cipher. Zero, nothing, nonentity, naught; character, symbol, device, monogram; secret character, private alphabet; nobody, person of no account.

Ant. Infinity; somebody, celebrity, star, notability, colossus.

53Circular. Round, annular, spherical, ring-shaped.

Ant. Linear, direct, straight.

Circulate. Move in a circle; diffuse, spread, disseminate, promulgate, propagate, publish, notify; travel.

Ant. Suppress, hush, cease, stagnate; center, monopolize, appropriate.

Circumference. Periphery, circuit, boundary, outline, enclosure.

Ant. Center, interior.

Circumlocution. Verbosity, prolixity, wordiness, diffuseness, periphrasis, redundance, tautology.

Ant. Brevity, compression, condensation, shortness, succinctness, terseness, compactness, conciseness, directness, plainness.

Circumscribe. Define, limit, delineate, enclose, confine, restrict.

Ant. Distend, dilate, expand, amplify, enlarge, extend.

Circumspect. Cautious, wary, heedful, attentive, careful, prudent, watchful, scrupulous, vigilant.

Ant. Careless, reckless, incautious, heedless, unwary.

Circumstance. Event, situation, occurrence, position, detail, incident, feature, accompaniment, particular, point, item, condition.

Ant. Deed, case, transaction, business, affair.

Cite. Call, summon, name, select, refer to, quote, mention.

Ant. Discard, dismiss, dispute, contradict, reject, challenge, disprove.

Citizen. Inhabitant, dweller, townsman, burgher, resident, subject, denizen.

Ant. Foreigner, alien, exile, visitor, tramp, transient, tourist, sight-seer.

Civilization. Culture, cultivation, refinement, amelioration, humanization.

Ant. Demoralization, savagery, barbarism, rudeness.

Claim, n. Assertion, requisition, demand, call; title, privilege, right, pretension.

Ant. Disclaimer, surrender, abjuration, waiver.

Claim, v. Demand, ask, require, call for, assert, insist, request, maintain, pretend.

Ant. Repudiate, waive, concede, forego, abjure.

Clamor, n. Noise, uproar, hubbub, outcry, vociferation, exclamation.

Ant. Silence, reticence, acquiescence; repression, stifling.

Clandestine. Secret, private, furtive, stealthy, underhand, sly, surreptitious, hidden.

Ant. Open, aboveboard, sincere, frank.

Class. Company, grade, order, rank, caste, clan, circle, association, club, clique, coterie, set.

Classical. Refined, elegant, polished, chaste, pure.

Ant. Corrupt, barbarous, uncouth, debased, inelegant.

Classification. Grouping, disposition, arrangement, distribution, category, genus, designation, order, species, nature, character; homogeneity.

Ant. Individuality, speciality, singularity, distinction, heterogeneity.

Clause. Portion, section, passage, paragraph, stipulation, article, chapter, provision.

Ant. Document, instrument, writing.

Clean, a. Pure, neat, clear, spotless, cleansed, untarnished, upright.

54Ant. Foul, impure, untidy, hampered, unclean.

Cleanse. Purify, wash, clean, disinfect, lave, scour, sponge, scrub, sweep, wipe, rinse, dust, purge.

Ant. Defile, pollute, stain, deprave, sully, taint, befoul, contaminate, corrupt, vitiate.

Clear, a. Pure, bright, transparent, free, serene, unclouded, obvious, manifest, pellucid, unadorned, plain, distinct, evident, lucid, intelligible, explicit, straightforward, perspicuous.

Ant. Mysterious, unintelligible, vague, opaque, foggy, dim, cloudy, dubious, turbid, ambiguous.

Clever. Gifted, expert, capable, apt, bright, ingenious, quick-witted, skilful, adroit, dexterous, intellectual, happy, smart, talented, keen, knowing, intelligent, quick, sharp.

Ant. Foolish, slow, stupid, idiotic, thickheaded, witless, bungling, awkward, dull, ignorant, clumsy, senseless.

Climax. Acme, top, summit, culmination, height, consummation, zenith, head.

Ant. Base, floor, nadir, anticlimax, depth; bathos.

Cling. Stick, cleave, fasten, hold, adhere.

Ant. Drop, relax, swerve, let go.

Close. Packed, condensed, compressed, narrow, restricted, solid; secret, reserved; niggardly.

Ant. Ample, wide, open, spacious, patent, public, advertised; open-handed, free, liberal.

Clownish. Rude, rustic, boorish, awkward, clumsy, bucolic, cloddish.

Ant. Polite, affable, civil, urbane.

Clumsy. Awkward, inexpert, uncouth, bungling, unskilful, unwieldly.

Ant. Neat, skilful, clever, expert, adroit, dexterous, workmanlike.

Coalesce. Blend, mix, harmonize, unite, consolidate, combine, adhere.

Ant. Disagree, sunder, separate, sever.

Coalition. League, union, alliance, confederacy, combination, compact, amalgamation.

Ant. Disruption, rebellion, disagreement, sedition, mutiny.

Coarse. Of large fibers, crude, rough, gross; indecent, indelicate, unrefined, unpolished, vulgar, common, ordinary.

Ant. Fine, choice, delicate, gentle.

Coax. Wheedle, flatter, cajole, fawn, allure, seduce, circumvent.

Ant. Coerce, impel, drive, intimidate.

Coerce. Impel, restrain, inhibit, force, compel, drive, check, intimidate.

Ant. Persuade, coax, permit, urge, induce, tempt.

Coexistent. Contemporary, concurrent, coincident, simultaneous.

Ant. Preceding or succeeding.

Cogent. Forcible, powerful, effective, irresistible, convincing, conclusive, persuasive, potent, urgent.

Ant. Weak, feeble, powerless, ineffectual.

Cogitate. Meditate, think, reflect, consider, ponder, contemplate.

Ant. Dream, idle, wish.

Cognizance. Knowledge, observation, notice, recognition, experience.

55Ant. Ignorance, oversight, neglect.

Coherent. Compact, consecutive, close, logical, consistent.

Ant. Rambling, loose, discursive, aberrant.

Coincidence. Chance, fortuity, harmony, agreement, casualty, concurrence, contemporaneousness.

Ant. Design, purpose, asynchronism, anachronism, difference.

Cold. Frigid, chilly, frosty, icy, polar, wintry; dull, lifeless, unimpassioned, sluggish, apathetic, indifferent, spiritless.

Ant. Hot, warm, ardent, impassioned, fiery, burning, fervid, vehement, passionate.

Colleague. Associate, coadjutor, collaborator, helper, companion, partner, assistant, ally, confederate.

Ant. Opponent, rival, antagonist, competitor.

Collect. Gather, glean, amass, garner, muster, congregate, assemble, convoke, accumulate.

Ant. Distribute, dispense, divide, assort, deal.

Collision. Clash, shock, impact, concussion, encounter, contact, opposition, conflict.

Ant. Divergence; concord, harmony, agreement, coincidence, concert, unity, amity, unison.

Colloquy. Dialogue, conversation, talk, discourse, consultation, conference.

Ant. Babel, tumult, outcry, clamor; silence, taciturnity.

Collusion. Connivance, accompliceship, confederacy.

Ant. Frustration, betrayal, exposure.

Color. Hue, tint, tinge, shade, complexion; pigment, paint; pretense, speciousness, varnish, appearance, semblance, excuse, makeshift.

Ant. Paleness; transparency, openness.

Combat. Conflict, encounter, battle, struggle, contest, contention.

Ant. Truce, surrender, mediation.

Combination. Association, connection, union; alliance, league; mixture, compound.

Ant. Division, disruption, analysis, dissolution.

Comfortable. Agreeable, satisfactory, pleasant, convenient, commodious, snug, genial.

Ant. Miserable, distressed, forlorn, wretched, cheerless.

Comic. Laughable, droll, funny, comical, farcical, ludicrous, ridiculous.

Ant. Serious, solemn, grave, tragic, melancholy.

Command. Order, direct, bid, instruct, charge, enjoin; rule, govern.

Ant. Beg, petition, supplicate, entreat; obey, yield, comply.

Commemorate. Celebrate, observe, perpetuate.

Ant. Forget, abolish, ignore.

Commence. Begin, start, inaugurate, undertake.

Ant. Finish, conclude, terminate.

Commend. Approve, encourage, applaud, praise.

Ant. Blame, condemn, censure, denounce.

Comment. Remark, observe, explain, note, expound, interpret, illustrate.

Ant. Confuse, obscure, mystify, confound, misrepresent.

Commerce. Trade, traffic, business, exchange.

Ant. Embargo, inactivity, boycott.

56Commit. Assign, confide, trust, relegate, entrust, consign.

Ant. Omit, let pass, disregard, misconsign.

Commodious. Ample, spacious, convenient, comfortable, suitable.

Ant. Narrow, cramped, ill-contrived.

Commodity. Staple, ware, stock, produce, article.

Ant. Drug, refuse.

Common. Ordinary, habitual, everyday, familiar, frequent; coarse, vulgar, mean, low.

Ant. Exceptional, scarce, refined, rare.

Commotion. Excitement, disturbance, agitation, turmoil, tumult, disorder.

Ant. Quiet, tranquillity, calm, subsidence, pacification.

Communicate. Divulge, impart, disclose, tell, announce, publish.

Ant. Secrete, suppress, conceal, withhold, reserve; repress; disavow.

Communion. Fellowship, intercourse, participation.

Ant. Alienation, exclusion, deprivation, ostracism.

Community. Aggregation, society, commonwealth, neighborhood; fraternity, similarity, sympathy, homogeneity.

Ant. Hostility, animosity, heterogeneity.

Commute. Exchange, replace, barter, compensate, mitigate, modify, lessen, diminish.

Ant. Disallow; charge; increase, enlarge.

Compact, n. Agreement, bond, contract, treaty, covenant.

Ant. Promise, intention.

Compact, a. Dense, close, solid, firm, compressed; concise, terse, pithy, short, brief, laconic, compendious, succinct, sententious.

Ant. Diffuse; sparse, straggling; broadspread, unshapely; prolix, verbose.

Companion. Associate, partner, mate, comrade, colleague.

Ant. Rival, antagonist, adversary.

Companionable. Sociable, pleasant, affable, genial, friendly, agreeable.

Ant. Reserved, haughty, distant, cold, solitary, inaccessible.

Company. Concourse, gathering, crowd, throng, meeting, multitude, assembly, conclave, conference, congregation, convention, convocation.

Ant. Privacy, retirement, solitude, dispersion, loneliness, seclusion.

Compare. Collate, estimate, declare similar, liken, parallel.

Ant. Contrast, disconnect, pit, distinguish.

Compass. Surround, enclose; effect, achieve, consummate, complete.

Ant. Expand, liberate; fail, bungle, mismanage.

Compassion. Pity, sympathy, condolence, kindness, clemency, mercy.

Ant. Cruelty, antipathy, retaliation, vindictiveness.

Compatible. Consistent, accordant, congruous, congenial, harmonious.

Ant. Hostile, adverse, impossible, destructive, contradictory.

Compel. Force, oblige, make necessary, coerce, constrain, necessitate.

Ant. Hinder, prevent, delay, block, hamper, encumber.

Compensation. Recompense, reward, requital, satisfaction, reparation, amends, indemnification.

Ant. Damage, injury, deprivation.

57Compete. Contend, rival, strive, struggle.

Ant. Share, participate.

Competence. Ability, capableness; sufficiency, enough, adequacy.

Ant. Inability, weakness; poverty, want, indigence.

Competition. Rivalry, emulation, contest.

Ant. Alliance, co-partnership.

Complacent. Pleased, satisfied, contented, amiable, pleasant, affable.

Ant. Morose, austere, unmannerly.

Complain. Murmur, grumble, remonstrate, find fault, repine, lament, grieve, expostulate.

Ant. Approve, commend, applaud, congratulate, rejoice.

Complement. Fulfilment, totality, counterpart, supply, correlative.

Ant. Deficit, abatement, deficiency.

Complete, a. Perfect, finished, total, whole, entire; concluded, consummated, ended; adequate, exhaustive, thorough.

Ant. Partial, inadequate, imperfect, unfinished.

Complex. Confused, involved, mixed, entangled, complicated, composite, manifold, mingled, intricate, obscure.

Ant. Direct, obvious, plain, uniform, simple, homogeneous, unraveled.

Complexion. Face, feature, appearance, look, hue, character, indication.

Ant. Heart, core; reticence, concealment, inexpression.

Compliance. Yielding, submission, acquiescence, docility, obedience.

Ant. Resistance, repulsion, refusal.

Compliment. Flattery, praise, homage, commendation, encomium.

Ant. Insult, contempt, discourtesy.

Complimentary. Commendatory, flattering, laudatory.

Ant. Disparaging, abusive, defamatory, denunciatory.

Component. Constituent, factor, element, ingredient.

Ant. Compound, entirety, sum, aggregate.

Comport. Conduct, behave, demean; accord, agree, harmonize.

Ant. Contrast, militate, differ; misdemean, misconduct.

Compose. Compile, construct, constitute; soothe, allay, calm; write.

Ant. Analyze, dissect; irritate, excite; criticize.

Composition. Formation, making; compound, mixture; arrangement, union, combination; writing, invention; agreement, compromise.

Ant. Examination, analysis, criticism; disturbance; segregation.

Composure. Tranquillity, calm, repose, self-possession, serenity.

Ant. Restlessness, perturbation.

Compound, n. Mixture, combination, amalgamation, coalescence, synthesis.

Ant. Analysis, dissolution, resolution.

Comprehend. Understand, conceive, grasp; include, enclose, embrace.

Ant. Misunderstand, misconstrue; except, exclude.

Comprehension. Conception, understanding, perception, apprehension, capacity, intellect, reason, mind, intelligence.

Ant. Idiocy, nescience, misunderstanding, misconception.

58Comprehensive. Ample, wide, inclusive, extensive, capacious, compendious.

Ant. Narrow, shallow, restricted.

Compress. Condense, squeeze, contract, epitomize, abridge.

Ant. Expand, diffuse, dilate.

Comprise. Include, involve, contain, comprehend, embrace, imply.

Ant. Except, bar out, omit, reject.

Compromise. Adjust, arbitrate, settle; engage, pledge, commit; implicate, involve, endanger.

Ant. Contend, fight; repudiate, disallow; exonerate, extricate.

Compulsion. Force, coercion, constraint, control.

Ant. Coaxing, persuasion, inducement.

Compunction. Regret, remorse, contrition, penitence.

Ant. Assurance, self-complacency, satisfaction.

Compute. Number, calculate, reckon, count; value, estimate, appraise.

Ant. Guess, conjecture, surmise.

Comrade. Companion, compeer, colleague, associate, partner, friend.

Ant. Opponent; stranger, alien.

Concatenation. Connection, continuity; series, chain, succession.

Ant. Intermission, severing, disconnection.

Concave. Hollow, depressed, excavated.

Ant. Convex, protuberant, tumular.

Conceal. Hide, suppress, secrete, disguise.

Ant. Reveal, expose, make manifest, lay bare, confess, publish, divulge.

Concede. Surrender, admit, resign, yield, allow.

Ant. Refuse, claim, contend, contradict, deny, contest.

Conceit. Notion, whim, vagary, idea, abstraction, affectation, imagination.

Ant. Reality, fact, substance; simplicity, humility.

Conceited. Egoistical, opinionated, vain.

Ant. Simple, unassuming, unaffected.

Conceive. Imagine, apprehend, believe, design, think, understand.

Ant. Express, produce, execute.

Concentrate. Convene, assemble, congregate, muster, centralize.

Ant. Scatter, disperse, dispense, dismiss.

Concern. Interest, anxiety, solicitude; affair, matter, institution.

Ant. Indifference, carelessness, disregard.

Concerning. About, regarding, in relation to, respecting, in respect to, relative to, of.

Ant. Disregarding, omitting.

Concert. Agreement, harmony, concord, concordance, combination, union, association.

Ant. Opposition, disagreement, discord.

Concession. Surrender, grant, boon, acknowledgment, admission.

Ant. Refusal, denial, withdrawal.

Conciliate. Win, gain, pacify, reconcile, propitiate.

Ant. Alienate, irritate, estrange, lose, antagonize.

Concise. Succinct, condensed, terse, pregnant, pointed, brief, short, laconic.

59Ant. Prolix, verbose, diffuse, discursive, rambling, pointless.

Conclave. Assembly, synod, cabinet, council, bureau.

Ant. Throng, mob, populace, concourse, crowd.

Conclude. Close, end, terminate, finish; decide, determine.

Ant. Begin, commence, undertake, initiate; prolong, protract.

Conclusion. End, termination, finale, finis.

Ant. Commencement, beginning, initiation.

Conclusive. Final, decisive, positive, definitive, indisputable.

Ant. Dubious, vague, uncertain, problematical, theoretical, indeterminate.

Concoct. Brew, prepare, compound, mix.

Ant. Spoil, upset, overbrew.

Concoction. Compound, brew, mixture; scheme, fiction.

Ant. Rawness, crudity; simplicity.

Concomitant. Attending, coincident, attendant, synchronous.

Ant. Antecedent; diverse, unconnected; subsequent.

Concord. Harmony, agreement, friendship, unanimity, accord.

Ant. Variance, animosity, discord.

Concourse. Assembly, throng, crowd, mob, assemblage, gathering, multitude.

Ant. Conclave, cabal, cabinet; desert, solitude.

Concrete. Solid, firm, compact; complex, conglomerate; individualized, specific, particular.

Ant. Loose, shifting, yielding, unresisting; abstract, general.

Concur. Approve, harmonize, agree; help, combine, conspire.

Ant. Disagree, dissent, part, differ, disapprove, separate.

Concussion. Collision, encounter, crash, impact, percussion.

Ant. Inter-divergence; escape; tangency; failure, missing.

Condemn. Blame, censure, denounce, convict, sentence, reprove, doom.

Ant. Acquit, exonerate, absolve, pardon, justify, praise, approve.

Condense. Concentrate, abridge, shorten.

Ant. Expand, amplify, enlarge.

Condescend. Deign, vouchsafe, stoop.

Ant. Scorn, spurn, disdain.

Condescension. Graciousness, favor.

Ant. Arrogance, haughtiness, pride.

Condign. Adequate, deserved, merited, suitable, meet, just.

Ant. Unmerited, inadequate; excessive or scant.

Condiment. Sauce, seasoning, preserve, pickle, relish, appetizer.

Condition. Situation, case, circumstances, plight; rank, estate, grade; proviso, consideration, stipulation.

Ant. Concession, adaptation; relation, dependence.

Conditionally. Provided, provisionally, hypothetically, contingently.

Ant. Absolutely, positively, categorically.

Condole. Console, commiserate, sympathize.

Ant. Congratulate, rally, exhilarate.

Condone. Pardon, overlook, forgive.

Ant. Atone, expiate, satisfy.

Conduce. Subserve, promote, forward, advance, contribute to, aid.

60Ant. Defeat; counteract, neutralize.

Conduct. Lead, direct, guide, convoy, escort; command, govern; manage, regulate; rule, superintend.

Ant. Mislead; mismanage; follow.

Confection. Candy, cake, condiment, concoction, sweetmeat.

Confederacy, Confederation. Alliance, league, treaty, union, coalition, federation, compact.

Ant. Secession, disruption, disunion.

Conference. Discourse, conversation, talk; interview, colloquy, parley, consultation; convention, convocation, meeting.

Ant. Silence; monologue; dispersion.

Confess. Acknowledge, admit, disclose, own, allow, grant, concede, avow.

Ant. Deny, conceal, repudiate, disavow, hide, dissemble.

Confession. Admission, avowal, acknowledgment; creed, doctrines, tenets, catechism, subscription.

Ant. Heresy, apostasy, protest, refutation, renunciation, abjuration.

Confide. Trust, rely, lean, hope, depend, believe, put confidence in.

Ant. Doubt, mistrust, disbelieve, disprove, despair of.

Confident. Assured, sure, positive, certain; bold, presumptuous, impudent, sanguine.

Ant. Dubious, doubtful, undecided, vacillating.

Confidential. Intimate, secret, private; trusty, faithful.

Ant. Public, patent, open; treacherous, insidious, traitorous.

Configuration. Outline, shape, form, contour.

Ant. Shapelessness, indeterminateness; distortion, deformity.

Confine, v. Limit, bound, imprison, restrict, circumscribe, enclose.

Ant. Widen, expand, liberate, unfasten, loosen, extend, dilate.

Confirm. Sanction, uphold, assure, establish, strengthen, substantiate, settle, corroborate.

Ant. Shatter, weaken, upset, annul, abrogate, cancel, destroy, shake.

Confiscate. Forfeit, seize, escheat, condemn, sequestrate.

Ant. Release, restore, refund.

Conflagration. Fire, arson, ignition, incendiarism, combustion.

Ant. Extinction, quenching; smoldering.

Conflict. Contest, battle, struggle, encounter; clashing, interference, disagreement, discord.

Ant. Amity, reconciliation, pacification, arbitration.

Conform. Agree, consent, harmonize, comply, correspond, comport.

Ant. Dissent, disagree; antagonize, secede; vary, differ.

Confound. Confuse, perplex, bewilder, mystify; surprise, astonish, astound, startle; destroy, ruin, overwhelm; disconcert, abash, shame.

Ant. Clear, set right, arrange, enlighten; save, protect; calm, console, soothe, restore.

Confront. Oppose, threaten, encounter, challenge, face, intimidate.

Ant. Encourage, abet, countenance.

Confuse. Mingle, confound; derange, disturb, perplex, embarrass, obscure, mortify.

61Ant. Arrange; relieve, assist, allay; calm, restore.

Congeal. Freeze, convert to ice, benumb.

Ant. Melt, thaw, dissolve.

Congenial. Kindred, similar, sympathetic, suited, natural, proper, agreeable.

Ant. Disagreeable, abhorrent, unnatural, alien, dissimilar, unsuited, unsympathetic.

Congenital. Coeval, connatural, innate, inherent, ingenerate.

Ant. Unnatural, assumed, extraneous, acquired, artificial, adventitious.

Congeries, Congestion. Conglomeration, aggregation, accumulation, plethora, repletion.

Ant. Dissipation, diffusion, clearance, dispersion.

Congratulate. Felicitate, compliment, rejoice with.

Ant. Console, condole with, commiserate.

Congregate. Assemble, collect, meet, convene, gather, throng.

Ant. Disperse, disappear, separate, part, scatter.

Congregation. Assembly, meeting, audience, conference.

Ant. Dispersion, dismissal.

Congress. Parliament, conclave, cabinet, council, assembly, legislature, synod, convention, conference.

Ant. Cabal, sedition, uprising, mob; intrigue.

Congruous. Accordant, agreeing, harmonious, coherent, suitable, consistent, proper, appropriate.

Ant. Discordant, heterogeneous, inharmonious, improper, unsuitable.

Conjecture, n. Supposition, surmise, guess, hypothesis, theory, notion, divination.

Ant. Calculation, inference, deduction, proof; fact, surety, certainty, security.

Conjuncture. Combination, concurrence; emergency, crisis, exigency, juncture.

Ant. Provision, preparation, arrangement.

Connection. Conjunction, combination, union, association, dependence.

Ant. Independence, disjunction, dissociation, dissolution.

Conquer. Overcome, subjugate, master, vanquish, subdue, rout, defeat, overpower, overthrow, prevail over, reduce, win, surmount, worst, checkmate, beat, crush, down, discomfit.

Ant. Surrender, capitulate, cede, forfeit, fly, yield, retreat, withdraw, retire, submit, succumb, fall, lose, resign, fail.

Conquest. Victory, subjugation, triumph.

Ant. Defeat, failure, surrender, submission.

Conscience. Moral sense, intuition, integrity, principle.

Ant. Irresponsibility, laxity, undutifulness, unscrupulousness.

Conscientious. Scrupulous, exact, upright, high-principled, honest, honorable, equitable, incorruptible, fair, faithful.

Ant. Lax, unprincipled, unscrupulous, reprobate, dishonorable, faithless.

Conscious. Sensible, cognizant, aware, intelligent, advised, apprised, assured, sure, certain, informed; thinking, reflecting, rational, intellectual.

Ant. Insensible, unaware, ignorant, dead, cold, deaf; irrational, thoughtless.

Conscription. Drafting, impressment.

Ant. Volunteering, enlistment.

62Consecrate. Dedicate, ordain; sanctify, hallow.

Ant. Desecrate, defile.

Consecutive. Sequent, continuous, orderly, following.

Ant. Disordered, rambling, discursive, illogical.

Consent. Assent, approve, agree, yield, comply, acquiesce.

Ant. Refuse, resist, decline, dissent.

Consequence. Result, issue, sequel, effect, outgrowth, event, end, upshot; importance, dignity, moment.

Ant. Cause, occasion, origin; axiom, postulate, premise, antecedence; insignificance, paltriness.

Consequential. Following, resulting, coherent, cogent, connected; pompous, self-conceited, arrogant, vainglorious.

Ant. Incoherent, illogical; affable, accessible, humble, considerate.

Conservation. Protection, perpetuation, preservation, maintenance.

Ant. Neglect, exposure, destruction, abolition.

Conservative. Stationary, traditional, opposed to change.

Ant. Radical, progressive, changeable, transitional, modifiable, innovating.

Consider. Think, ponder, meditate, reflect, investigate, weigh, deliberate, observe, attend, regard.

Ant. Guess, conjecture, ignore, chance, hazard.

Considerate. Kindly, thoughtful, reflective, careful, prudent, deliberate, serious, charitable, forbearing, cautious.

Ant. Rash, careless, imprudent, thoughtless, rude, selfish, overbearing, injudicious.

Consignment. Custody, commission, delegation; sending, shipping.

Ant. Miscommitment.

Consistency. Density, solidity, compactness, coherence; agreement, congruity, correspondence, uniformity, harmony, invariableness.

Ant. Tenuity, subtility, volatility; incoherence, incongruity, contrariety, contradiction.

Console. Comfort, condole with, sympathize, encourage, soothe, assuage, solace.

Ant. Distress, grieve, disturb, annoy, sadden, trouble, wound, hurt.

Consolidate. Solidify, harden, condense, compress, compact; thicken, strengthen, solder, cement, fuse; conjoin, combine.

Ant. Dissolve, melt, vaporize, weaken, dissipate, sublimate, pulverize; dissect, disjoin.

Conspicuous. Visible, apparent, discernible, plain, clear, perceptible, noticeable; eminent, distinguished, prominent, famous, noted, manifest.

Ant. Invisible, microscopic, hidden, imperceptible, unseen; ordinary, mediocre, commonplace.

Conspiracy. Intrigue, treason, cabal, plot, machination, combination; sedition.

Ant. Legislation, congress, parliament, synod.

Constant. Fixed, immutable, invariable, unchanging, permanent, perpetual; resolute, firm, steady; persevering, assiduous; incessant, unbroken, continuous; faithful, true, loyal, devoted.

Ant. Irregular, exceptional, casual, incidental, fickle, faithless, broken, treacherous, untrustworthy, false.

Consternation. Amazement, terror, 63alarm, dismay, panic, bewilderment.

Ant. Fearlessness, boldness, composure, presence of mind.

Constituent. Elector, patron, voter, supporter, sender; ingredient, component, element.

Ant. Representative, nominee; constitution, system, compound, whole.

Constitution. Organization, formation; quality, character, temperament, peculiarity, characteristic; charter, law.

Ant. Conspiracy, rebellion, tyranny, anarchy, despotism, destruction, disorganization; disposition, mood, frame of mind, temper.

Construct. Build, erect, invent, form, shape, combine.

Ant. Demolish, overthrow, destroy, derange.

Construction. Building, erection, composition, fabrication; structure, formation, form, figure; explanation, version, rendering, interpretation.

Ant. Dislocation, dismemberment, dissolution; misunderstanding, misconception.

Consult. Deliberate, take counsel, confer, advise with, canvass, question, consider, regard.

Ant. Dictate, counteract, contradict.

Consume. Eat up, devour; destroy, lavish, dissipate, waste, spend.

Ant. Discard, reject, throw aside; preserve, replenish, supply, provide.

Consummate, a. Perfect, excellent, supreme, finished, complete.

Ant. Common, faulty, defective, ordinary, mediocre.

Consummation. Achievement, attainment, completion, termination, accomplishment, fulfilment, realization, close, finish, finale.

Ant. Beginning, attempt, inception, initiation, source, origin.

Consumption. Expenditure, use, waste, extinction, destruction.

Ant. Development, increase, growth, enlargement, augmentation.

Contact. Touch, junction, contiguity, closeness, union.

Ant. Adjacence, proximity; separation, distance, isolation.

Contagion. Infection; contamination, taint, pestilence, corruption.

Ant. Prevention; antisepsis, disinfection.

Contain. Include, embody, comprehend, comprise, embrace; restrain, hold.

Ant. Omit, exclude, drop, discharge; yield, give way.

Contaminate. Taint, defile, corrupt, sully.

Ant. Cleanse, purify.

Contemn. Despise, scorn, disdain, slight.

Ant. Venerate, respect.

Contemplate. Meditate, study, ponder, survey, reflect; intend, design.

Ant. Overlook, waive, abandon; execute, complete, do.

Contemptible. Despicable, abject, base, worthless, mean, low.

Ant. Respectable, venerable; worthy, estimable, important, grave.

Contend. Strive, fight, struggle, combat; debate, argue, dispute; affirm, assert, maintain, claim.

Ant. Concede, allow, surrender.

Content. Satisfied, pleased, easy, willing, resigned, gratified.

Ant. Reluctant, unwilling, unsatisfied, rebellious, discontent.

64Contention. Strife, dissension, quarrel, rupture, dispute, debate, controversy, altercation.

Ant. Peace, amity, harmony, concord, reconciliation.

Contingent, a. Casual, happening, fortuitous, dependent, incidental, provisional, uncertain.

Ant. Independent, absolute, positive, uncontrolled, uninfluenced, unaffected.

Continual. Incessant, ceaseless, invariable, perpetual, constant, uninterrupted, unbroken, unremitting, continuous.

Ant. Exceptional, irregular, casual, contingent, intermittent, interrupted, suspended.

Continually. Constantly, perpetually, ever, always, repeatedly, frequently, continuously.

Ant. Occasionally, rarely, sometimes.

Continue. Remain, endure, persist; abide, stay, tarry; persevere, be constant or steadfast.

Ant. Stop, cease, fail, pause.

Contract, n. Compact, stipulation, agreement, arrangement, bargain, covenant, pact, obligation, pledge, engagement, bond.

Ant. Promise, parole, assurance, understanding, assumption.

Contract, v. Narrow, abbreviate, abridge, lessen, reduce, compress; shrivel, shrink; agree, stipulate, bargain.

Ant. Expand, amplify, dilate; reverse, cancel, abandon.

Contradict. Deny, gainsay, dispute, impugn, controvert; oppose, counteract, annul, thwart, abrogate.

Ant. Maintain, argue, confirm, state, affirm, endorse.

Contrary. Opposite, opposed, adverse, counter; conflicting, contradictory, antagonistic, repugnant; perverse, obstinate, stubborn, headstrong.

Ant. Compatible, agreeing, kindred, compliant, submissive; consistent.

Contrast, v. Differentiate, discriminate, oppose, compare.

Ant. Resemble, be like or similar, liken, harmonize.

Contribute. Add, give, coöperate, assist, subscribe, supply.

Ant. Refuse, withhold, deny.

Contribution. Donation, offering, gift, subscription, subsidy, aid, assistance.

Ant. Withholding, retention, reservation.

Contrive. Plan, design, devise, invent, project, form, frame, scheme, plot, consider; manage, make out; concert, adjust.

Ant. Hit, chance, venture, bungle, hazard; mismanage, miscontrive.

Control, v. Direct, manage, rule, command, sway, superintend; hinder, repress, restrain, curb, check.

Ant. License, free; neglect, abandon; mismanage, misconduct.

Controversy. Dispute, altercation, contention, disagreement.

Ant. Agreement, unanimity, coincidence.

Contumacy. Obstinacy, stubbornness, perverseness, pertinacity, obduracy; disobedience, insolence.

Ant. Docility, tractableness, flattering, fawning, servility.

Contumely. Obloquy, reproach, opprobrium, insolence, abuse, contempt, scorn, disdain, arrogance.

Ant. Regard, consideration, adulation, obsequiousness.

Convene. Assemble, meet, congregate, summon, master, collect.

65Ant. Dismiss, disperse, disband, dissipate.

Convenient. Suitable, fit, appropriate, proper, adapted; advantageous, commodious, comfortable, useful, serviceable.

Ant. Inconvenient, useless, awkward, superfluous; inopportune.

Convention. Assemblage, conference, meeting, concourse, session, synod, congress, convocation; treaty, compact.

Ant. Recess, dissolution, prorogation; dispersion, scattering; promise, understanding, parole.

Conventional. Usual, customary, ordinary, habitual, regular, wonted, prevalent, social, everyday; stipulated.

Ant. Unusual, erratic, extraordinary; legal, compulsory.

Conversant. Familiar, skilled, acquainted, proficient, versed.

Ant. Strange, ignorant, unversed, unlearned.

Conversation. Converse, communion, intercourse, parley, talk, chat, conference, communication, discourse, colloquy, dialogue.

Ant. Speech, oration, harangue, soliloquy, apostrophe, monologue, silence, taciturnity.

Converse, a. Opposite, reverse, contrary, counter, contradictory.

Ant. Identical, one, same, indistinguishable; direct, primary.

Conversion. Alteration, transmutation, change, transformation.

Ant. Permanence, identity, persistence, conservation.

Convertible. Equivalent, interchangeable, identical; reversible.

Ant. Variant, contrary, incommensurate.

Convey. Take, transfer, move, change, carry, shift, transmit, transport, remove, consign, relegate.

Ant. Retain, preserve, hold, cling to, possess.

Conviction. Belief, assurance, persuasion; confutation, refutation; proof, detection.

Ant. Doubt, disbelief, misgiving; vindication, justification.

Convince. Persuade, satisfy, enlighten, indoctrinate, inoculate.

Ant. Mislead, mystify, perplex, puzzle, unsettle, upset; turn, convert.

Convivial. Social, festive, hospitable, jovial, jolly, companionable, gay.

Ant. Inhospitable, unsocial, unneighborly, churlish; abstemious, ascetic, austere.

Convocation. Convention, congress, assemblage, council, synod.

Ant. Dispersion, disruption, dismission, dismissal.

Convolution. Coil, involution, spiral, twist, contortion.

Ant. Unfolding, evolution, unraveling, explication.

Convoy. Escort, guard, attendance, protection.

Ant. Capture, betrayal, onset, onslaught, hold up.

Convulse. Disturb, shake, agitate.

Ant. Calm, compose, soothe, assuage.

Cool. Somewhat cold, chilling, frigid, freezing; unimpassioned, composed, collected, unruffled, self-possessed, sedate, placid, quiet; indifferent, unconcerned, apathetic.

Ant. Hot, warm, burning, heated, excitable, ardent, eager.

66Coöperate. Assist, abet, help, conspire, concur, co-labor.

Ant. Oppose, thwart, rival, counteract, conflict, hinder, defeat, frustrate.

Coördinate. Equal, equivalent, proportionate, commensurate, tantamount, equipollent.

Ant. Subordinate; disparate, extraneous; inferior, superior.

Copy. Portraiture, facsimile, duplicate, imitation, likeness, image, transcript, counterfeit.

Ant. Model, original, pattern, example, prototype, archetype, exemplar.

Cordial. Earnest, warm, hearty, ardent, affectionate, sincere, invigorating, refreshing, pleasing, grateful.

Ant. Cool, formal, ceremonious, distant, reserved, disinclined.

Corner. Angle, bend, crotch, knee; nook, recess, niche, retreat.

Ant. Abutment, protrusion, prominence, convexity, projection.

Corollary. Inference, conclusion, deduction, consequence.

Ant. Problem, proposition.

Corporal, Corporeal. Fleshly, bodily, material, physical.

Ant. Spiritual, mental, intellectual, moral, ethereal, immaterial.

Corps. Body of troops, division of army, squadron, band, company.

Ant. Aggregate, army, host, mass, force, organization.

Corpse. Remains, dead body, cadaver, carcass, dust.

Ant. Soul, spirit, individual, personality, mentality.

Corpulent. Fat, fleshy, plump, obese, portly, round, stout.

Ant. Lean, thin, attenuated, emaciated, slight, slender, frail.

Correct. True, exact, accurate, proper, faultless, right.

Ant. False, untrue, wrong, inexact, inaccurate, fallacious, defective.

Corrective. Regulative, preventive, alterative, preservative, rectifying, modifying, improving, reformatory.

Ant. Confirmative, stimulative, intensitive, provocative, conducive.

Correlation. Interrelation, correspondence, apposition, interdependence, mutuality, reciprocation, interchange, reciprocity.

Ant. Contradiction, independence, opposition, inconsistency, incongruity.

Correspond. Agree, suit, match, fit, tally, harmonize, answer, correlate, stand counter; communicate, write.

Ant. Vary, disagree, clash, jar; ignore, disregard, neglect.

Correspondence. Adaptation, agreement, congruity; writing, letter, despatches, communication.

Ant. Conversation; withdrawal, non-intercourse; incongruity, discord, disagreement.

Corroborate. Strengthen, establish, sustain, support, confirm.

Ant. Weaken, confute, rebut, invalidate, shake, enfeeble, overthrow.

Corrode. Consume, eat away, waste, impair, rust, canker, wear, crumble.

Ant. Renew, restore.

Corrupt, v. Defile, pollute, infect, taint, vitiate, demoralize, contaminate, debase, spoil, deteriorate.

Ant. Cleanse, purify, better, correct, ameliorate.

Corruption. Decay, decomposition, 67pollution, defilement, infection, contamination, adulteration; depravity, immorality, laxity, wickedness; dishonesty, bribery.

Cost. Price, worth, expenditure, expense, charge, disbursement, outlay; preciousness, richness, splendor; loss, damage, pain.

Costume. Dress, livery, robes, uniform.

Ant. Disguise, incognito; nudity, nakedness.

Council. Cabinet, bureau, chamber, conclave, synod, convocation, meeting, conference, parliament, consultation, convention.

Ant. Cabal, league, conspiracy; multitude, mob.

Counsel. Advice, consultation, opinion, suggestion, recommendation, instruction, caution, admonition; deliberation, forethought; plan, design, scheme; purpose; lawyer, barrister, attorney.

Count. Compute, reckon, add, tell, estimate, number, enumerate, sum, calculate.

Ant. Guess, conjecture, surmise, think, fancy.

Countenance, v. Approve, support, sanction, help, aid, abet, encourage, patronize, befriend, assist, favor.

Ant. Oppose, confront, discourage, browbeat, face, compare, disparage.

Counter. Contrary, opposed, opposite, against.

Ant. Accordant with, coincident, consonant.

Counteract. Oppose, foil, baffle, thwart, hinder, rival, resist, defeat, cross, frustrate, neutralize.

Ant. Aid, coöperate, subserve, promote, advance, assist.

Counterfeit, n. Forgery, fraudulent copy, cheat, artifice, pretense, sham, fabrication.

Ant. Exposure, detection; verity, fact, truth, reality.

Countermand. Abrogate, annul, revoke, rescind, recall, make void.

Ant. Order, command, bid, charge, enjoin, direct, instruct.

Counterpart. Duplicate, copy; correlative, complement, supplement, obverse; match, mate, tally, twin.

Ant. Antithesis, contradiction, contrast.

Countervail. Balance, compensate, make up, counterbalance, offset.

Ant. Overthrow, unbalance, weigh down.

Countryman. Rustic, agriculturist, farmer, swain, yeoman, laborer, peasant, husbandman; clown, boor.

Ant. Citizen, townsman; alien.

Couple, v. Link, unite, connect, join, clasp, tie, yoke, buckle, pair, splice, button; marry, wed.

Ant. Loose, part, separate, detach, isolate, unclasp; divorce.

Courage. Bravery, valor, fearlessness, spirit, heroism, fortitude, hardihood, boldness, daring, mettle, pluck, resolution, intrepidity.

Ant. Cowardice, timidity, fear, dread, terror, dismay, consternation.

Course. Route, way, road, track, race; direction, bearing, progress, process; career; succession, order, regularity; deportment, conduct; series, system.

Ant. Deviation; disorder, discursion; hindrance, error.

Court, v. Woo, flatter, seek, invite, solicit.

68Ant. Avoid, shun, repudiate, repel, antagonize.

Courtesy. Politeness, affability, urbanity, civility, complaisance.

Ant. Rudeness, incivility, churlishness, ungraciousness.

Courtly. Polished, elegant, polite, ceremonious, formal, respectful.

Ant. Undignified, unrefined, coarse, awkward, boorish, plebeian.

Covenant. Agreement, stipulation, bond, compact, contract, bargain, arrangement, concordant, pact, treaty.

Ant. Promise, understanding, assurance, parole.

Cover, v. Hide, conceal, overspread, overlay, secrete, cloak, veil, screen, mask, shroud, disguise; invest, clothe, wrap; protect, shelter, shield, guard, defend; comprehend, comprise, embrace; balance, compensate, countervail.

Ant. Expose, reveal, produce, exhibit; betray, divulge; omit, exclude.

Covet. Desire, long for, wish for, aim after, aspire to.

Ant. Dislike, despise; undervalue.

Covetous. Eager, avaricious, desirous, greedy, grasping, acquisitive, rapacious.

Ant. Liberal, unselfish, generous, bountiful.

Coward. Craven, recreant, dastard.

Ant. Hero, champion; daredevil, desperado.

Coy. Bashful, shy, modest, reserved, retreating, shrinking.

Ant. Bold, forward, impertinent, pert, brazen, flippant.

Crack. Split, break, chop, rend, cleave, snap; craze, madden.

Ant. Mend, unite, repair; restore, heal.

Craft. Skill, ability, power, talent, dexterity, aptitude, tact; artifice, shrewdness, guile, deception, cunning, deceit; art, trade, employment, vocation, calling; vessel.

Ant. Inaptitude, tactlessness; fairness, openness, candor, sincerity, frankness, ingenuousness, straightforwardness.

Cramp. Restrain, hinder, check, confine, hamper, clog, fetter, cripple.

Ant. Free, liberate, loose, expand, ease, relieve, extricate.

Crash. Jar, uproar, clash, rending, noise, clang, resonance.

Ant. Murmur, whisper; silence.

Crassitude. Grossness, thickness, density, corpulence, obesity.

Ant. Tenuity, agility, activity; spareness, slightness.

Crave. Intreat, beg, beseech, implore, supplicate, desire, long for, hunger for, yearn.

Ant. Demand, insist, require.

Crazy. Shattered, broken, tottering; distracted, mad, lunatic, insane, delirious, cracked, demented, deranged.

Ant. Sound, robust, vigorous, sane, whole.

Create. Form, produce, make, originate, cause, occasion, appoint, constitute; beget, engender, generate; imagine, compose, fashion, design.

Ant. Destroy, demolish, annihilate.

Creature. Created being, being, animal, man, person; dependent, vassal, parasite; wretch, miscreant.

Ant. Chimera, ghost, hallucination, fantasy, phantom, conceit, crotchet.

69Credence. Belief, trust, faith, acceptance, confidence, reliance.

Ant. Denial, distrust, disbelief, doubt, skepticism.

Credentials. Diploma, missive, title, warrant, vouchers, certificates, testimonials.

Credible. Probable, possible, reliable, trustworthy, likely.

Ant. Improbable, unlikely, incredible, unreliable, untrustworthy.

Credit. Trust, belief, faith, confidence, credence, reliance; reputation, influence, power; esteem, regard; loan, securities.

Ant. Insecurity; distrust; shame, disgrace, censure.

Credulity. Gullibility, credulousness, simplicity.

Ant. Skepticism, suspiciousness, incredulity, shrewdness.

Creed. Belief, catechism, confession, articles of faith, tenets, dogmas, doctrines.

Ant. Protest, abjuration, disbelief, recantation, retraction.

Crestfallen. Downcast, dispirited, dejected, disheartened, depressed, desponding, low-spirited, down-hearted.

Ant. Exuberant, elated, confident, inspirited.

Crew. Gang, set, band, horde, crowd, mob, throng.

Ant. Supercargo; bevy, galaxy, cream, élite.

Crime. Offense, misdeed, wrong, felony, sin, iniquity, misdemeanor, enormity, transgression, wickedness, delinquency.

Ant. Good deed, well-doing, exploit, achievement, duty, service, benefit, benefaction, heroism.

Criminal, a. Immoral, iniquitous, sinful, unlawful, wicked, wrong, vile, nefarious, culpable, abominable, illegal, vicious.

Ant. Virtuous, moral, innocent, just, honorable, praiseworthy, lawful, legal, right, meritorious.

Criminate. Charge, accuse, arraign, impeach.

Ant. Acquit, absolve, extricate.

Cripple, v. Weaken, disable, impair, break down, cramp, curtail.

Ant. Renovate, strengthen, augment, liberate, ease, expedite.

Criterion. Standard, test, rule, touchstone, measure, canon, proof.

Ant. Eye, glance; intention, conjecture.

Critic. Judge, censor, reviewer, connoisseur; caviller, carper; arbiter, savant.

Ant. Artist, author, writer, performer, maker, poet, composer.

Critical. Accurate, nice, exact; decisive, crucial, determining, important; dangerous, hazardous, imminent, momentous, dubious, precarious.

Ant. Inexact, loose, undiscriminating; unimportant, inconclusive; safe, sure, settled, decided, retrieved, redressed.

Criticism. Censure, stricture, animadversion, review, critique.

Ant. Approbation, praise, approval.

Criticize. Examine, estimate, judge, discuss, analyze, anatomize, scan, animadvert.

Ant. Survey, overlook, slur, skim, slight, neglect.

Crooked. Bent, curved, bowed; distorted, twisted, wry, askew, deformed, disfigured; perverse, contumacious, capricious; dishonest, unfair, unscrupulous, knavish, deceitful, tricky.

Ant. Straight, linear, upright, 70direct, honest, straightforward.

Cross. Fretful, petulant, peevish, snappish, touchy, morose, ill-natured, sullen, snarling, cynical, sour, out of humor, captious, crabbed, sulky.

Ant. Amiable, genial, good-tempered, good-natured, blithesome, charming, winsome, attractive, benign.

Crowd. Throng, multitude, concourse, press, horde, herd, host, rabble, mob, populace.

Ant. Cream, élite, bevy, constellation, galaxy; solitude, solitariness.

Crown, n. Diadem, coronet, garland, chaplet, wreath, laurel, bays; reward, honor, distinction, dignity; summit, crest, top, head, brow, apex.

Ant. Base, bottom, floor, foot, pedestal, foundation, sole; infamy, shame.

Crown, v. Complete, consummate, conclude, seal, achieve, accomplish.

Ant. Mar, spoil, frustrate, fail.

Crucial. Severe, trying, searching, decisive, critical, momentous, strategic.

Ant. Superficial, indifferent, mild, lenient, lax, unimportant.

Crude. Raw, immature, unripe; coarse, unrefined; undigested, unconsidered, unpolished, uncouth, awkward.

Ant. Mature; refined, sensitive; well-considered, finished, classical, highly wrought, elaborate.

Cruel. Inhuman, merciless, unfeeling, dire, ruthless, pitiless, relentless, savage, brutal, ferocious, blood-thirsty, sanguinary; severe, sharp, bitter, hard.

Ant. Gentle, mild, merciful, humane, forbearing, generous.

Crush. Pound, crumble, demolish, overpower, squeeze, compress, bruise, shatter, raze, pulverize.

Ant. Consolidate, compact, amalgamate, solidify, stabilitate.

Culmination. Zenith, success, consummation, acme, completion, apex.

Ant. Failure, downfall, defeat, descent, decline.

Culpable. Blameworthy, blamable, censurable, reprehensible, faulty, wrong.

Ant. Innocent, blameless, laudable, praiseworthy.

Culprit. Criminal, delinquent, felon, malefactor, offender.

Ant. Hero, example, pattern, model, saint, upright man.

Cultivate. Till; fertilize; improve, refine, train, discipline, develop; study, pursue, investigate; nourish, foster, cherish, promote.

Ant. Neglect, blight, blast; uproot, eradicate, extirpate; stifle, abandon, prevent, discourage.

Cunning. Craft, artifice, deceit, intrigue, subtlety, chicane.

Ant. Candor, guilelessness, sincerity.

Cupidity. Longing, greed, lust; covetousness, avarice, acquisitiveness, stinginess.

Ant. Prodigality, liberality, generosity, extravagance.

Curb. Restrain, check, control, repress, bridle.

Ant. Indulge, emancipate, loose, release, free, liberate.

Cure, n. Remedy, antidote, restorative, corrective, help, specific; healing, restoration, convalescence, alleviation, renovation.

71Ant. Complaint, contagion, disease, ailment; aggravation, confirmation; inoculation.

Curiosity. Inquisitiveness, wonder, marvel, rarity, celebrity; inquiry, investigation, scrutiny, research.

Ant. Indifference, heedlessness, disregard, abstraction; apathy.

Curious. Prying, meddling, inquisitive, searching, scrutinizing; rare, singular, strange; elegant, finished.

Ant. Indifferent, uninterested; trite, common, usual.

Current. Common, general, prevalent, present, floating, popular, ordinary, vulgar.

Ant. Obsolete, rejected, exploded; private, secret; confined.

Curse, n. Execration, malediction, anathema, denunciation; scourge, plague, torment, affliction, trouble; imprecation, ban, oath.

Ant. Blessing, benediction, joy, crown; prosperity, welfare, luck, success.

Cursory. Hasty, superficial, desultory, careless, slight, rapid.

Ant. Elaborate, searching, minute, profound.

Custody. Care, keeping, protection; confinement, duress, imprisonment.

Ant. Neglect, betrayal, exposure, desertion; liberation discharge.

Custom. Usage, habit, fashion, practice, rule; form, formality, observance; patronage; duty, tax.

Ant. Law, regulation, command; disuse, non-observance, desuetude.

Cutting. Sharp, keen; sarcastic, severe, satirical, wounding, piercing, trenchant, stinging, sardonic, cruel.

Ant. Mild, soothing, flattering, indulgent, consoling, gratifying.

Cynical. Censorious, churlish, carping, cross, peevish; derisive, contemptuous, scornful, pessimistic, misanthropic.

Ant. Genial, lenient; optimistic, philanthropic.

Dainty. Exquisite, choice, rare, refined; savory, palatable, delicious, toothsome, tasty, epicurean; fastidious, luxurious.

Ant. Common, dirty, vulgar, coarse, defiled, nasty, foul, filthy.

Damage. Hurt, injury, detriment, loss, mischief, impairment.

Ant. Benefit, compensation, advantage, blessing, reparation.

Danger. Peril, risk, hazard, venture, insecurity, liability, jeopardy.

Ant. Safety, security, precaution, defense.

Daring. Adventurous, fearless, risky, brave, courageous, dauntless, intrepid, valorous.

Ant. Cautious, timid, wary, fearful.

Dark. Black, swarthy, opaque, obscure, shadowy, lurid, sunless, murky, cloudy, overcast, ebon, pitchy, secret; mysterious, enigmatical, unintelligible, occult, abstruse; gloomy, disheartening, cheerless, dismal; ignorant, rude, untaught, benighted; 72wicked, foul, horrible, damnable, vile, atrocious, infernal; joyless, mournful, sad, sorrowful.

Ant. White, fair, light, radiant, bright, clear, buoyant, plain, brilliant, glaring, crystalline, transparent, dazzling, luminous, illumed; happy, joyful, festive.

Darling. Sweetheart, love, pet, favorite, idol, dear.

Dash. Strike, hurl, cast, throw, drive, send, speed, dart; alloy, adulterate; suffuse, overspread, color; disappoint, ruin, frustrate; surprise, abash.

Ant. Raise, erect, reinstate; creep, crawl; fulfil, realize, effect.

Dastard. Coward, craven, recreant.

Ant. Hero, champion; daredevil.

Data. Facts, basis, grounds, postulates, premises, given conditions.

Ant. Conjectures, assumptions, inferences, deductions.

Date. Time, era, epoch, period, age.

Ant. Non-duration; eternity.

Daub. Smear, plaster, sully, begrime, soil, deface, defile.

Ant. Embellish, decorate; cleanse, whiten.

Daunt. Terrify, alarm, intimidate, appal, frighten off, tame.

Ant. Rally, inspirit, encourage.

Dauntless. Valiant, fearless, intrepid, bold, indomitable, unconquerable, valorous, chivalrous, heroic, brave, daring.

Ant. Cowardly, timid, cautious, fearful, afraid, faint-hearted, shrinking.

Dawn. Appear, begin, open; break, grow light, rise.

Ant. Wane, set, sink, close.

Dazzle. Daze, blind; astonish, surprise, overpower, bewilder, confuse.

Ant. Enlighten, illumine, illuminate; make clear, instruct.

Dead. Lifeless, breathless, inanimate, deceased, defunct, departed; dull, cold, frigid, inert, indifferent; tasteless, insipid, flat; insensible, heavy, unconscious, spiritless, still, torpid.

Ant. Quick, live, living, animate, alive, stirring, vivacious.

Deadly. Mortal, fatal, destructive, noxious, murderous, malignant, pernicious, baneful, venomous.

Ant. Vital, wholesome, life-giving.

Deaf. Hard of hearing; dull, insensible, heedless; inexorable, averse, disinclined; inaudible.

Ant. Acute, listening, attentive, willing, susceptible.

Deal. Bargain, chaffer, trade, traffic, do business; distribute, allot, divide, share, mete out.

Ant. Close, stop, fail; collect, gather, glean, muster.

Dear. Costly, high-priced, expensive, precious; beloved, valued.

Ant. Cheap, common, inexpensive; hated, abhorred.

Dearth. Lack, want, scarcity, poverty.

Ant. Plenty, abundance, luxury.

Death. Decease, dying, dissolution, departure, exit, expiration.

Ant. Life, birth, rise, vitality, growth, activity.

Debar. Exclude, bar out, stop, prevent, prohibit, restrain, hinder.

Ant. Admit, enclose, embrace; allow, indulge, permit, entitle.

Debase. Degrade, deprave, corrupt, alloy, deteriorate, lower, impair.

73Ant. Raise, enhance, exalt, honor, purify, improve, ameliorate.

Debate, n. Discussion, dispute, controversy, contention, altercation, contest.

Ant. Compliance, surrender, withdrawal of opposition.

Debatable. Dubious, doubtful, uncertain, disputable, problematical.

Ant. Sure, certain, incontestable, self-evident.

Debauch. Seduce, corrupt, vitiate, defile.

Ant. Purify, elevate.

Debility. Infirmity, weakness, languor, exhaustion, feebleness.

Ant. Vigor, strength, nerve, energy, tone, vitality.

Debt. Liability, obligation, default, claim, score.

Ant. Liquidation, assets, accommodation, credit.

Debtor. Borrower, mortgagor.

Ant. Creditor, lender, mortgagee.

Decay, v. Corrupt, putrefy, decompose, rot, spoil, molder, wither, perish.

Ant. Flourish, luxuriate, expand, vegetate, grow, increase.

Deceit. Fraud, deception, cheating, artifice, imposition, guile.

Ant. Honesty, openness, fair dealing, frankness, truth, verity.

Deceive. Cheat, dupe, delude, beguile, fool, trick, impose upon, disappoint, mislead, circumvent, entrap.

Ant. Enlighten, guide, disabuse, deliver.

Deception. Craft, cunning, lying, fraud, hypocrisy, trickery, delusion, duplicity, deceitfulness, falsehood, prevarication.

Ant. Candor, honesty, sincerity, truth, veracity, guilelessness, frankness, simplicity.

Decide. Determine, settle, conclude, close, terminate, end, resolve.

Ant. Waver, hesitate, vacillate, fluctuate, be irresolute.

Decipher. Reveal, explain, unravel, unfold.

Ant. Puzzle, mystify.

Decision. Determination, sentence, conclusion, judgment; firmness, resolution.

Ant. Vacillation, vagueness, uncertainty.

Decisive. Conclusive, positive, final, definitive, indisputable.

Ant. Vague, hypothetical, indeterminate, dubious, problematical.

Deck. Adorn, dress, ornament.

Ant. Strip, despoil; deform, deface.

Declaim. Recite, speak, debate, harangue.

Ant. Study, compose, elaborate.

Declamation. Harangue, effusion, debate, oratory, elocution.

Ant. Hesitation, stammering.

Declaration. Assertion, affirmation, avowal; publication, proclamation, official announcement.

Ant. Denial; concealment; recantation, disavowal, retraction.

Declare. Announce, publish, advertise, reveal, proclaim.

Ant. Suppress, withhold, conceal.

Decline. Fall, decay, decadence, degeneration; refusal, rejection, repudiation.

Ant. Rise, advancement, improvement; acceptance.

Declivity. Fall, slope, descent.

Ant. Ascent, rise.

Decoction. Concoction, mixture, mess.

Ant. Rawness. crudity.

74Decompose. Analyze, dissolve, resolve; decay, putrefy, become corrupt.

Ant. Compound, mix, organize, compose.

Decorate. Adorn, embellish, improve.

Ant. Spoil, mar, denude, deface.

Decorum. Dignity, order, propriety, seemliness.

Ant. Disorder, disturbance, unseemliness.

Decrease. Lessen, diminish, subside, want, dwindle, curtail, retrench, reduce, lower.

Ant. Increase, grow, augment, expand.

Decree. Decision, determination, law, edict, mandate, manifesto.

Ant. Suggestion, request, hint.

Decrepit. Weak, infirm, tottering, aged.

Ant. Strong, youthful.

Decry. Disparage, detract, depreciate, denounce, abase, traduce.

Ant. Extol, praise, eulogize, laud.

Dedicate. Devote, hallow, sanctify, consecrate; address, inscribe; assign, apply, set apart.

Ant. Desecrate, misuse, alienate.

Deduce. Infer, draw, derive, conclude.

Ant. Induce, state, conjecture, guess, anticipate, foresee.

Deed. Performance, act, action, exploit; reality, fact, truth; document, instrument.

Ant. Omission, failure, invalidation, reversal, recall; undoing.

Deep. Profound; difficult, mysterious, hard, intricate; penetrating, sagacious, astute, intelligent, discerning, shrewd; heartfelt, intense, thorough.

Ant. Shallow; superficial, artless, undesigning; indifferent.

Default. Neglect, failure, omission; want, destitution, lack; lapse, forfeit, delinquency, absence.

Ant. Satisfaction; appearance, plea; maintenance, supply; presence.

Defeat. Overthrow, frustration, discomfiture.

Ant. Success, triumph, victory.

Defect. Fault, flaw, imperfection; omission, want, shortcoming.

Ant. Emendation, perfection; supply, sufficiency.

Defense. Apology, justification, vindication; shelter, shield, protection, guard, resistance, rampart, fortress, safeguard, bulwark.

Ant. Surrender, betrayal, exposure, hazard; challenge.

Defer. Delay, postpone, procrastinate, adjourn, put off; yield to, respect.

Ant. Hasten, hurry, expedite, quicken, overdrive; slight, disregard.

Deference. Respect, consideration, esteem, veneration, homage.

Ant. Disrespect, contumely, impudence, defiance, disobedience.

Defile. Contaminate, spoil, pollute, vitiate, infect, taint, befoul.

Ant. Purify, cleanse, disinfect, wash, hallow, sanctify.

Definition. Description, exposition, comment, explanation, interpretation, rendering, translation.

Ant. Misstatement.

Deformity. Ugliness, malformation, 75distortion, disfigurement, abnormity, hideousness.

Ant. Grace, beauty, regularity, symmetry.

Defrayment. Payment, settlement, liquidation, discharge.

Ant. Failure, insolvency, repudiation, embezzlement, nonpayment.

Defy. Challenge, dare, provoke, scorn, brave.

Ant. Dread, cower, shrink, shun.

Degeneracy. Degradation, deterioration, growing worse, decay, decline; inferiority, meanness.

Ant. Improvement, advancement.

Degree. Grade, rank, step, station, stage, quality, standing; measure, interval, space.

Ant. Mass, magnitude, size, numbers.

Dejected. Disheartened, discouraged, depressed, downcast, despondent, gloomy, melancholy, low-spirited.

Ant. Cheerful, elated, gay, blithe, inspirited, joyous, jovial, merry.

Delay. Postponement, procrastination; hindrance, impediment.

Ant. Hurry, despatch, quickening, urgency; assistance, furtherance.

Delegate, n. Substitute, proxy, representative, legate, deputy.

Delegate, v. Depute, commission, appoint, empower, constitute, ordain.

Ant. Relegate, recall, supersede, remove.

Deleterious. Destructive, noxious, deadly, poisonous; hurtful, harmful, injurious, pernicious, unwholesome.

Ant. Wholesome, healthy, beneficial, sanitary, salubrious, nutritious.

Deliberate, v. Meditate, ponder, debate, confer, consider, reflect, consult, weigh, cogitate.

Ant. Shelve, dismiss, discard, put aside; hazard, chance, risk.

Deliberate, a. Cautious, careful, wary; well-advised, purposed, studied; slow, leisurely; intentional, earnest, unbiased.

Ant. Facetious, playful; irresolute, hesitant, faltering, vacillating; impulsive, rash, hasty; prejudiced.

Delicacy. Dainty, morsel, tidbit, relish; refinement, luxury, nicety, elegance; frailty, weakness; fastidiousness, scrupulousness; purity, sensibility.

Ant. Necessaries, commons, fare; coarseness, roughness, rudeness; vigor, strength; grossness.

Delicious. Dainty, savory, delightful, luscious, exquisite.

Ant. Nauseous, repulsive, bitter, loathsome, unpalatable, acrid.

Delight. Joy, gladness, charm, rapture, transport, satisfaction, pleasure, ecstasy, happiness, enjoyment, bliss.

Ant. Pain, suffering, sorrow, misery, discomfort, dejection, melancholy, discontent, trouble, distress, depression.

Delightful. Agreeable, congenial, grateful, pleasant, refreshing, welcome, satisfying, delicious, acceptable, pleasurable.

Ant. Miserable, depressing, disappointing, horrible, melancholy, painful, woful, wretched, mournful, saddening.

Delineate. Describe, figure, represent, sketch, draw, portray, depict, paint.

Ant. Caricature, misrepresent, exaggerate.

Delinquent. Offender, culprit, criminal, miscreant, malefactor.

76Ant. Worthy, model, paragon, pattern, beau ideal.

Deliver. Free, liberate, release; save, rescue; give, hand over, transfer; yield, grant, resign, surrender; pronounce, declare, speak; discharge, deal.

Ant. Confine, capture; suppress, retain; withdraw, betray; appropriate.

Deluge. Inundation, flood, overflow, rush, cataclysm.

Ant. Drought, dearth, aridity; mist, moisture; subsidence, ebb, abatement.

Delusion. Error, fallacy, illusion, hallucination, trick, snare, fraud, deception, imposture.

Ant. Fact, certainty, verity, actuality, truth, reality.

Demand. Require, ask, call for, insist, exact, challenge.

Ant. Request, petition, supplicate; disclaim, forego, waive.

Demarcation. Outline, sketch, limit, boundary, division, enclosure, separation, distinction.

Ant. Openness, space, expanse, extent.

Demean. Behave, comport, act, conduct one’s self.

Ant. Misbehave.

Demerit. Fault, delinquency, misdeed, failure.

Ant. Credit, merit, worth, excellence, desert.

Democratic. Popular, representative, republican, radical.

Ant. Imperial, aristocratic, regal, oligarchical, autocratic, despotic, tyrannical, constitutional, conservative.

Demolish. Overthrow, destroy, overturn, raze, ruin.

Ant. Restore, repair; build, construct, make.

Demonstration. Exhibition, exemplification; manifestation, illustration; evidence, proof, certainty, conclusion, consequence, induction, inference, deduction.

Ant. Concealment, secrecy; theory, supposition.

Demoralize. Corrupt, deprave, vitiate, undermine, subvert.

Ant. Stimulate, impel, promote, incite, reassure, animate, uplift.

Demure. Sedate, staid, modest, prudish, discreet.

Ant. Lively, vivacious, facetious, wanton, wild.

Denial. Refusal; contradiction, negation, disavowal.

Ant. Affirmation, avowal, admission, concession.

Denizen. Citizen, subject, inhabitant, dweller, sojourner.

Ant. Foreigner, alien, traveler, stranger, transient.

Denomination. Name, designation, description, appellation, class, sect, school.

Ant. Misnomer.

Denounce. Brand, defame, stigmatize, decry; accuse; menace, threaten; proscribe, vituperate.

Ant. Eulogize, applaud, uphold, vindicate.

Dense. Thick, slow, compact, solid, close, thickset.

Ant. Sparse, thin, scattered; quick, intelligent, clever, alert, ready.

Denunciation. Censure, arraignment; threat, menace; exposure.

Ant. Vindication, defense, apology, plea, excuse.

Deny. Refuse, withhold; contradict, gainsay; renounce, abjure, disown.

Ant. Affirm, grant, accept, concede; indulge, yield, admit.

Depart. Leave, go, start, sally, retire, disappear, vanish, bid farewell; die, decease.

Ant. Arrive, alight; stay, remain, cling.

77Department. Division, section, portion; function, office, duty, station; province, branch, line.

Ant. Organization, whole, body.

Dependent. Hanging, resting, contingent, conditioned, relying, subject, relative.

Ant. Independent, free, absolute, irrespective.

Depict. Portray, draw, paint, delineate.

Ant. Caricature, parody.

Deplorable. Lamentable, pitiable, sad, mournful, disastrous, calamitous, grievous, distressing, melancholy.

Ant. Acceptable, felicitous, happy, welcome, glad, joyous, beneficent, pleasing.

Deportment. Conduct, carriage, behavior, demeanor, character.

Ant. Misbehavior, misconduct.

Depose. Dethrone, debase, degrade, dismiss, oust, displace.

Ant. Enthrone, install, initiate, elevate, exalt, invest with power.

Deprecate. Regret, disapprove, lament; intercede, expostulate.

Ant. Rejoice in, approve; invoke, imprecate, curse.

Depreciate. Disparage, decry, undervalue, detract, underestimate.

Ant. Appreciate, value, esteem.

Depredation. Robbery, pillage, plunder, spoliation, theft, invasion, trespass, havoc, encroachment.

Ant. Restitution, compensation, restoration, amends, reparation.

Depression. Lowering, degradation, abasement, perversion, depreciation, dejection, discouragement; hollow, valley, decline.

Ant. Elevation, raising, exaltation, promotion, amelioration, preferment, prominence, eminence.

Deprive. Bereave, rob, divest, strip, despoil, dispossess, depose; prevent, hinder.

Ant. Endow, enrich, invest, compensate, present, indemnify.

Deputy. Lieutenant, agent, representative, envoy, legate, substitute, vicegerent, proxy, delegate.

Ant. Master, principal, governor, chief, sovereign, ruler.

Derangement. Disorder, confusion, disarrangement; disturbance, discomposure; madness, lunacy, insanity, mania, delirium, alienation, aberration.

Ant. Order, arrangement, regulation; calmness; sanity, poise, rationality.

Derision. Scorn, contempt, ridicule, mockery, contumely, scoffing.

Ant. Admiration, respect, reverence, regard, esteem, veneration.

Derivation. Source, origin, genesis, fountain, descent, root, etymology.

Ant. Result, issue, termination, effect, application, use.

Derogate. Detract, depreciate, disparage, compromise, lessen.

Ant. Esteem, value, overestimate, enhance, extol.

Descendant. Offspring, posterity, progeny, stock, family, lineage, scion, branch, issue.

Ant. Ancestry, progenitor, origin, root, source, founder, parent.

Describe. Trace, draw, portray, mark out, represent, depict, recount, narrate, illustrate, define, explain, characterize.

Ant. Caricature, misrepresent, 78distort; mystify, perplex, confuse.

Descry. Perceive, discern, recognize, discover, espy, see, behold, detect, find out.

Ant. Overlook, miss, neglect.

Desecrate. Profane, pollute, pervert, abuse, secularize, prostitute.

Ant. Hallow, sanctify, respect, esteem, dedicate, devote.

Desert. Solitude, wild, wilderness, waste.

Ant. Oasis, pasture, meadow.

Deserter. Renegade, turncoat, recanter, backslider, abjurer, traitor, apostate.

Ant. Adherent, devotee, supporter, bigot, disciple, ally.

Deserve. Merit, earn, win, be entitled to.

Ant. Forfeit, lose, miss, fail of.

Desideratum. Very desirable thing, requisite, want, essential.

Ant. Superfluity, surplus, perquisite.

Design, n. Intention, purpose, aim, end, scheme, proposal, project, object, plan, device, purport, meaning, drift, scope, mark; delineation, sketch, artifice, drawing, draft; invention, contrivance; cunning, guile.

Ant. Execution, performance, structure, construction, issue, result; candor, openness, sincerity; chance, accident.

Design, v. Intend, plan, prepare, project, contrive, scheme, purpose, mean, propose; draw, delineate, sketch; contemplate, outline, plot.

Ant. Risk, guess, conjecture, chance; misconceive, misinterpret, misrepresent.

Designate. Specify, particularize; describe, define, denominate, name, call, style, christen, dub; appoint, allot.

Ant. Misname, miscall; generalize; misrepresent.

Desirable. Eligible, expedient, advantageous, beneficial, advisable, valuable, profitable, enviable, proper, judicious.

Ant. Inexpedient, disadvantageous, harmful, inadvisable, evil.

Desire. Appetite, inclination, longing, proclivity, craving, impulse, hankering, coveting, propensity, wish; aspiration, will.

Ant. Loathing, disgust, aversion, hate, repugnance, horror.

Desolate, a. Bereaved, comfortless, forlorn, cheerless, lonely, solitary; uninhabited, forsaken, unfrequented, waste, dreary, wild.

Ant. Peopled, colonized, developed, cultivated; populous, crowded, frequented.

Despair. Desperation, discouragement, hopelessness, despondency.

Ant. Courage, hope, expectation, anticipation, assurance, confidence, elation, cheer, trust, hopefulness, encouragement.

Despatch, v. Expedite, speed, accelerate, quicken, hasten; kill, slay.

Ant. Delay, retard, impede, obstruct; preserve, save, spare.

Desperate. Wild, reckless, despondent, hopeless, wretched, forlorn, lost; heroic, extreme, defiant; precipitate, headlong, frantic.

Ant. Cautious, timid, shy; hopeful, promising, propitious.

Despise. Contemn, scorn, slight, disdain, spurn.

Ant. Respect, esteem, venerate, regard, revere.

Despoil. Strip, denude, ravage; rob, plunder, pillage, devastate.

Ant. Adorn, enrich, rehabilitate.

79Despotic. Tyrannical, absolute, imperious, autocratic, arrogant.

Ant. Conciliatory, humane, merciful; constitutional, democratic, representative.

Destination. Aim, end, object, purpose, design; goal, harbor.

Ant. Action, movement; initiation, project, effort.

Destiny. Fate, lot, doom, star, fortune, necessity, end, predestination.

Ant. Choice, will, freedom, volition, free will.

Destructive. Ruinous, injurious, pernicious, deleterious, baneful, detrimental, hurtful, noxious.

Ant. Constructive, restorative, beneficial, wholesome, preservative.

Desuetude. Disuse, non-observance, obsolescence.

Ant. Use, custom, practice, exercise, operation.

Desultory. Rambling, irregular, capricious, wandering, roving, discursive, cursory, erratic, spasmodic, unsystematic.

Ant. Methodical, continuous, periodical, diligent, exact, untiring, persevering, earnest, serious, settled, consecutive.

Detail. Account, narrative, recital; detachment; individual, particular, item, specialty, element, point, component.

Ant. Totality, whole, generality, aggregation, mass, bulk.

Detention. Hindrance, retaining, restraint, stopping.

Ant. Relinquishment, abandonment, letting go, release, liberation.

Deter. Hinder, discourage, prevent, restrain, withhold, terrify, scare, dishearten, dissuade.

Ant. Incite, provoke, allure, tempt, seduce, prompt, persuade.

Deteriorate. Impair, degrade, debase; decline, degenerate.

Ant. Ameliorate, promote, advance, rectify.

Determine. Settle, adjust, decide; ascertain, verify; influence, lead, incline; resolve.

Ant. Vacillate, waver, unsettle, doubt.

Detest. Abominate, abhor, execrate, loathe, shrink from.

Ant. Like, approve, appreciate, praise, love.

Dethrone. Depose, uncrown, drive out of power, cause to abdicate.

Ant. Crown, enthrone, exalt.

Detract. Depreciate, disparage, lessen, derogate, calumniate, slander, defame, decry, vilify.

Ant. Enhance, augment, increase, flatter, compliment.

Detriment. Loss, damage, injury, harm, evil, prejudice, disadvantage, impairment, inconvenience.

Ant. Enhancement, remedy, augmentation, improvement, repair, reinstatement.

Develop. Evolve, unfold, educe, disclose, unravel, exhibit, expand, enlarge; open, grow, mature.

Ant. Envelop, wrap, conceal, contract, compress; stunt, dwarf, hinder, prevent.

Deviate. Digress, wander, deflect, veer, diverge; depart, err, stray, swerve; differ, vary.

Ant. Cohere, coincide; accompany, continue, remain; advance; converge; agree, assimilate.

Device. Contrivance, invention, design, project, plan, scheme, expedient, resource; wile, artifice, stratagem, evasion, fraud; emblem, symbol, type.

Ant. Fortune, luck, hazard, 80hit; openness, frankness, candor.

Devious. Erratic, wandering, deviating, crooked, circuitous, misleading, treacherous, roundabout.

Ant. Direct, plain, straightforward, frequented.

Devise. Plan, design, contrive, imagine, scheme, project, concoct; bequeath, leave.

Ant. Mismanage, miscontrive; inherit.

Devoid. Void, wanting, empty, destitute, vacant, unprovided for.

Ant. Full, supplied, provided, replete, furnished, abundant, plentiful, sufficient.

Devolve. Transfer, consign, convey, demise, devise, deliver; impose, place, attach, commission, charge, depute; fall, pass, be transferred.

Ant. Deprive, withhold, recall, cancel, alienate, skip, pass, miss.

Devotion. Dedication, consecration, piety, religion, sanctity, holiness, worship, adoration; attachment, affection, love; ardor, earnestness, zeal, eagerness, self-sacrifice.

Ant. Impiety, profanity, sacrilege, irreverence; aversion, alienation, antipathy, indifference, apathy.

Devour. Consume, gorge, eat ravenously, swallow; destroy, annihilate, waste, swallow up, expend.

Ant. Disgorge, vomit; save, conserve.

Dexterity. Aptitude, skill, expertness, readiness, adroitness.

Ant. Ineptitude, inability, weakness, awkwardness, clumsiness.

Diadem. Crown, chaplet, fillet, wreath, tiara, circlet.

Diagnosis. Investigation, determination, analysis.

Ant. Misjudgment, error.

Diagnostic. Symptom, feature, sign, cue, indication, mark, index.

Ant. Development, consummation, crisis, head, formation.

Dialect. Language, phraseology, tongue, speech, provincialism, idiom, accent.

Dialogue. Conversation between two people, colloquy, discourse, tête-à-tête.

Ant. Monologue, soliloquy, apostrophe, oration.

Dictate. Direct, ordain, command, prescribe, order, bid, require, decree; utter; prompt, suggest, enjoin, instruct.

Ant. Follow, repeat, obey, answer; accept.

Dictation. Injunction, precept, command, rule, maxim, direction, utterance.

Ant. Consultation, conference, council; advice, recommendation.

Dictatorial. Imperious, imperative, domineering, arbitrary, absolute, unlimited, authoritative, unrestricted, overbearing.

Ant. Condescending, supplicatory, affable, suppliant, unassuming, persuasive.

Diction. Expression, language, phrase, phraseology, style, verbiage, vocabulary, wording.

Ant. Provincialism, barbarism, solecism.

Dictionary. Lexicon, word-book, glossary, vocabulary.

Didactic. Instructive, perceptive, moral, directive, educative.

Ant. Unsound, misleading, erroneous, uninstructive, pernicious.

Die. Expire, decease, depart; wither, perish, decay, decline, 81fade; cease, vanish, disappear; sink, faint, fall; subside.

Ant. Live, recover, be born; survive, exist; originate, develop, grow, strengthen, flourish, luxuriate, vegetate.

Diet. Food, victuals, nourishment, aliment, nutriment, provision, viands, rations, fare, subsistence; assembly, parliament, congress.

Ant. Starvation, fasting, abstinence, fast; gluttony, omnivorousness.

Difference. Contrast, diversity, variation, variety, discrepancy, disagreement, disparity, distinction, divergence, unlikeness.

Ant. Agreement, uniformity, unity, consonance, identity, likeness, resemblance, harmony, sameness, similarity.

Differentiate. Discriminate, individualize, distinguish, particularize, specify, segregate, identify.

Ant. Generalize, classify, confuse, amalgamate.

Difficult. Arduous, exhausting, severe, onerous, trying, toilsome, hard, laborious; intricate, involved, obscure, enigmatical; unmanageable, reserved, opposed, unamenable.

Ant. Easy, facile, trifling, slight, trivial, pleasant, light; simple, plain, clear, manifest; approachable, amenable, pliant.

Diffident. Modest, doubtful, reluctant, hesitating; bashful, timid, shy, self-distrustful.

Ant. Bold, aggressive, forward, arrogant, self-conceited.

Diffuse, a. Prolix, loose, copious, rambling, verbose, longwinded, diluted.

Ant. Epigrammatic, laconic, terse, condensed.

Digest. Methodize, systematize, arrange, classify, codify; study, ponder, consider, contemplate, meditate, con; master, assimilate.

Ant. Confound, complicate, disorder, derange, disturb; reject, refuse.

Dignified. Stately, noble, grand, majestic, self-respecting, imposing, decorous, august, lofty, exalted, pompous.

Ant. Stunted, low, mean, unimposing, depressed, ordinary, self-accusing.

Dignify. Advance, promote, exalt, ennoble, prefer; grace, honor, adorn; elevate, aggrandize.

Ant. Humiliate, debase, degrade.

Digress. Deviate, ramble, wander; differ.

Ant. Proceed, advance; harmonize, agree.

Dilapidation. Ruin, decay, disintegration, downfall, demolition.

Ant. Construction, reparation; soundness, solidity; fabrication, building.

Dilate. Stretch wide, expand, enlarge, widen, distend.

Ant. Compress, compact, restrict, narrow, condense, concentrate.

Dilatory. Slow, loitering, tardy, procrastinating, dawdling, lagging, lingering, sluggish.

Ant. Prompt, vigilant, alert, eager, earnest.

Diligence. Industry, assiduity, activity, perseverance, application, attention, care, heed.

Ant. Neglect, carelessness, idleness, inertness, inattention, desultoriness.

Dim. Obscure, dark, covered, hidden, dusky, indistinct, uncertain.

Ant. Bright, clear, manifest, light.

82Dimension. Measurement, bulk, mass, extent; (pl.) size, capacity, amplitude, massiveness, greatness.

Ant. Segment, section, portion, part.

Diminish. Lessen, reduce, decrease, abate, subside, shorten, dwarf, retrench.

Ant. Augment, amplify, increase, magnify, expand.

Din. Racket, clamor, noise, uproar.

Ant. Crash, explosion; silence.

Dingy. Dirty, dull, soiled, tarnished, dim, obscure, somber.

Ant. Bright, burnished, radiant, glittering, gleaming, luminous.

Dip. Immerse, plunge, inundate, soak, steep, drown, submerge.

Ant. Dry, drain, parch; air, ventilate, evaporate, vaporize.

Diplomacy. Negotiation, indirection, tact, artful management, contrivance, circumvention; embassage, ministry, ambassadorship.

Ant. Dismissal, congé, recall; candor, naïveté, ingenuousness; mismanagement, maladministration; self-defeat.

Diplomatic. Prudent, wise, tactful, astute, politic, sagacious, judicious, discreet.

Ant. Blundering, tactless, injudicious.

Direct, a. Unswerving, straight, rectilinear, undeviating.

Ant. Meandering, crooked, roundabout, circuitous.

Direction. Course, tendency, aim, bearing; oversight, management, control, superintendence, conduct; order, command; address, superscription.

Ant. Deviation, aberration; miscontrol.

Directly. Straightly, immediately, forthwith, soon, speedily, instantly, promptly, presently, quickly, straightway, at once.

Ant. Secondarily, by-and-by; remotely, obliquely, circuitously.

Dirge. Requiem, elegy, lament, wake, threnody, coronach.

Ant. Anthem, Te Deum, jubilate, pæan, jubilee, halleluiah.

Dirt. Filth, uncleanness, dung, foulness, meanness, filthiness, defilement.

Ant. Cleanness, purity, ablution; innocence, spotlessness.

Dis-. The prefix dis- has usually a negative, sometimes an intensive, force. Therefore, for words beginning with it look under the antonyms of the root words. When its force is intensive, however, they will be found under the synonyms of the root words. Only a few of derived significance are here given.

Disability. Unfitness, inability, incompetence, incapacity, disqualification.

Ant. Merit, fitness, recommendation, qualification, capability.

Disabuse. Undeceive, set right, correct, enlighten, inform, rectify.

Ant. Deceive, delude, hoodwink.

Disappoint. Frustrate, foil, defeat, baffle, disconcert, mortify, vex, betray, tantalize.

Ant. Fulfil, realize, satisfy, gratify, encourage, verify, support.

Disaster. Misfortune, mishap, reverse, calamity, catastrophe.

Ant. Blessing, benefit, good fortune, profit, gain, boon.

Disburse. Spend, expend, consume, waste, use, lay out, pay.

83Ant. Save, economize, hoard, husband.

Discern. Observe, discriminate, distinguish, perceive, see, descry, behold, espy, discover, penetrate, differentiate.

Ant. Overlook, neglect, miss.

Discernible. Discoverable, perceptible, visible, apparent, conspicuous, palpable, plain, manifest, evident.

Ant. Obscure, minute, invisible, microscopic, impalpable.

Discernment. Sagacity, perception, discrimination, brightness, astuteness, insight, intelligence, perspicacity, penetration, acuteness, judgment, ingenuity.

Ant. Blindness, inattention, dulness, density.

Discharge, v. Unburden, unload; expel, eject; shoot, fire; release, exonerate, acquit, liberate, free; dismiss, discard, cashier; remove, destroy; perform, execute, observe.

Ant. Confine, charge, load, burden, contain; detain, check, delay, stop; preserve; ignore.

Disciple. Follower, student, believer, pupil, learner, scholar, supporter, adherent, votary.

Ant. Master, teacher, professor, leader, rabbi.

Discipline. Training, teaching, drill, exercise; control, regulation, subjection, government; punishment, correction, coercion, chastisement.

Ant. Laxity, latitude, negligence; reward, encouragement; disorganization, mutiny, rebellion, confusion, disorder.

Discomfit. Defeat, overpower, conquer; foil, disconcert.

Ant. Encourage, rally, aid, assist.

Disconcert. Frustrate, balk, defeat, thwart, baffle; discompose, embarrass, disturb, upset, perplex, abash, confuse, bewilder.

Ant. Assist, countenance, encourage, compose, calm, appease, pacify, tranquilize.

Disconsolate. Inconsolable, sorrowful, heart-broken, comfortless, melancholy, desolate, forlorn, sad.

Ant. Joyous, cheerful, glad, merry, jovial, happy, blithe.

Discordance. Disagreement, discord, dissonance, conflict, opposition.

Ant. Accordance, harmony, concord.

Discover. Find, detect, discern, ferret out, invent, expose, ascertain, descry, disclose, betray, indicate, manifest.

Ant. Hide, conceal, cover, secrete, bury, suppress, withhold.

Discreet. Discerning, wise, sagacious, prudent, cautious, judicious, considerate, circumspect.

Ant. Foolish, heedless, reckless, silly, imprudent, undiscerning, unrestrained.

Discrepancy. Dissonance, discord, discordance, difference, variation, disagreement.

Ant. Agreement, harmony, correspondence.

Discrimination. Acuteness, penetration, sagacity, discernment, shrewdness, insight.

Ant. Dulness, shortsightedness.

Discursive. Reasoning, argumentative; roving, wandering, rambling, desultory, inconsequent.

Ant. Orderly, coherent, continuous; condensed, succinct, concise; strategic.

Discuss. Debate, argue, reason, agitate, deliberate upon, consider.

84Ant. Confound, obscure; assert, dogmatize.

Disdain, n. Contempt, scorn, disregard, haughtiness, arrogance.

Ant. Reverence, respect, esteem, considerateness, humility.

Disease. Infirmity, ailment, distemper, complaint, illness, sickness, malady, indisposition, unsoundness, affection.

Ant. Health, strength, robustness, soundness, sturdiness, vigor; convalescence; sanity, salubrity.

Disgust, n. Distaste, loathing, dislike, repugnance, aversion, abhorrence.

Ant. Partiality, desire, liking, relish, fondness.

Dismal. Dark, gloomy, cheerless, dull, dreary, melancholy, lonesome, somber, sad, doleful, funereal; horrible, terrible, frightful.

Ant. Cheerful, bright, inviting, cordial, gay, propitious, promising.

Dismay. Affright, terrify, appal, alarm, intimidate, daunt.

Ant. Rally, inspirit, assure, encourage, hearten.

Dismember. Disintegrate, mutilate, separate, rend asunder, sever.

Ant. Integrate, incorporate; constitute, construct.

Dismiss. Banish, discard, discharge, remove.

Ant. Recall, welcome.

Disparage. Depreciate, decry, undervalue, underrate; defame, reproach.

Ant. Appreciate, overestimate, extol, praise, exaggerate.

Dispel. Drive away, disperse, dissipate, banish, scatter.

Ant. Collect, summon, accumulate.

Dispensation. Apportionment, allotment, distribution; administration; exemption; system, scheme, plan, régime.

Ant. Retention, restriction, reservation, injunction, prohibition; enforcement.

Disperse. Dispel, scatter, separate; diffuse, spread, disseminate.

Ant. Gather, collect, concentrate; recall, summon.

Display. Expand, unfold, extend, uncover, open, spread; exhibit, show, parade.

Ant. Conceal, hide, wrap, dissemble, suppress.

Disposition. Arrangement, location, placing, grouping; management, control, regulation, direction; tendency, inclination, propensity; temper, character, nature, humor; willingness; distribution.

Ant. Confusion, inversion, disorder; mismanagement, laxity; antipathy, repulsion; obstinacy; mood; agglomeration, collection.

Disputant. Litigant, debater, arguer, controversialist, competitor, claimant.

Ant. Advocate, auxiliary, partner.

Dispute, v. Quarrel, wrangle; debate, argue, discuss, agitate, ventilate; impugn, deny, contradict, oppose, contest.

Ant. Allow, concede, grant, forego, relinquish.

Disquisition. Treatise, dissertation, discourse, essay, discussion.

Ant. Effusion, tirade, diatribe, rhodomontade.

Dissect. Anatomize, scrutinize, analyze, explore, investigate, examine, sift.

Ant. Integrate, organize, compound, grasp; comprehend, discern, diagnose.

85Dissemble. Conceal, disguise, cloak, hide, restrain, smother.

Ant. Reveal, confess, manifest, expose, vaunt, profess.

Dissent. Differ, disagree, decline.

Ant. Assent, consent, agree.

Dissertation. Disquisition, discussion, treatise.

Dissipate. Scatter, vanish, disperse, disappear, waste, squander.

Ant. Hoard, save, gather, conserve.

Dissociate. Separate, sever, disjoin, divide, part, sunder, disconnect.

Ant. Associate, join, affiliate.

Dissolute. Abandoned, corrupt, loose, profligate, reprobate, dissipated.

Ant. Upright, honest, conscientious, self-controlled.

Distance. Remoteness, space, interval; absence, separation; reserve, coldness, stiffness.

Ant. Proximity, contiguity, nearness, presence, neighborhood, contact.

Distend. Dilate, extend, spread, stretch.

Ant. Contract, narrow, constrict, condense.

Distil. Drop, extract, separate; percolate, emanate, drip.

Ant. Condense, retain; suck; hold.

Distinct. Separate, definite, different, clear, plain, unmistakable.

Ant. Blurred, dim, indefinite, confused, conjoined, obscure.

Distinguish. Discern, perceive, tell, discriminate; differentiate; characterize, mark; separate, divide; signalize, make famous or celebrated.

Ant. Confound, miss, confuse.

Distinguished. Illustrious, famous, celebrated, noted, eminent, marked, conspicuous, supreme, extraordinary, consummate.

Ant. Obscure, inconspicuous, hidden; infamous, notorious.

Distortion. Deformity, twist, perversion, falsification, misrepresentation, sophistry, corruption.

Ant. Regularity, shapeliness, symmetry; right, truth, verification, rectification.

Distract. Divert, perplex, confuse, disconcert, bewilder, confound, derange, craze.

Ant. Unite, fix, compose, concentrate, collect.

Distraction. Confusion, perplexity, abstraction, disturbance, perturbation, agitation; inattention; absence, frenzy, madness; alienation, aberration; delirium, mania, derangement, lunacy.

Ant. Attention, composure, self-possession, tranquillity.

Distress, n. Affliction, calamity, adversity, misery, perplexity, misfortune; agony, suffering, anguish; privation, destitution, poverty, indigence.

Ant. Consolation, relief, assuagement, alleviation; boon, blessing, pleasure.

Distribute. Dispense, scatter, allot, apportion, grant, appoint.

Ant. Restrict, retain, collect, gather, hold, reserve, keep.

District. Region, tract, territory, province, circuit, quarter.

Disturb. Agitate, shake, stir, disorder, confuse, derange; molest, annoy, plague, trouble, vex, worry; interrupt, hinder.

Ant. Soothe, quiet, assist, compose, pacify; arrange, order.

86Diversion. Detour, deviation, divergence; recreation, amusement, enjoyment, pastime.

Ant. Directness, business, procedure, continuity, task, labor.

Diversify. Vary, change, alter, modify; variegate, streak, spot.

Ant. Settle, fix, stereotype, arrest.

Diversity. Difference, dissimilitude, variation, unlikeness, divergence, dissonance, heterogeneousness, multiformity.

Ant. Identity, similarity, uniformity, consonance, homogeneousness, coincidence.

Divest. Dismantle, strip, unclothe, undress, unrobe, deprive.

Ant. Clothe, invest, shroud, indue, encumber.

Divide. Sever, part, separate, disunite, sunder; alienate, estrange; distribute, allot, apportion, assign, share, dispense.

Ant. Unite, commingle, collocate, congregate, convene.

Divination. Magic, foretelling, augury, prophecy, presage, prediction.

Ant. Investigation, study; information; analysis.

Divorce, v. Separate, part, sunder, alienate, disunite.

Ant. Marry, wed, betroth, consort.

Do. Accomplish, achieve, bring to pass, complete, effect, realize, discharge, perpetuate, perform, commit, consummate, actualize; execute, finish, fulfil; work out, transact.

Ant. Neglect, ruin, spoil, defeat, destroy, mar, miscarry, fail, frustrate, baffle, omit, come short.

Docile. Manageable, amenable, compliant, gentle, tame, submissive, yielding, tractable, pliable, obedient.

Ant. Obstinate, firm, inflexible, stubborn, self-willed, wilful, determined, dogged, resolute, opinionated.

Doctrine. Tenet, dogma, opinion, belief, precept, principle, teaching, creed.

Ant. Duty, practice, action, conduct, operation, application.

Dogmatic. Arrogant, authoritative, imperious, domineering, positive, self-opinionated, doctrinal, magisterial, dictatorial.

Ant. Practical, active, modest, diffident, vacillating, considerate.

Domestic. Private, family, familiar, homelike.

Ant. Public, foreign, alien, strange.

Domicile. Home, abode, house, residence, mansion, dwelling.

Ant. World, wilderness; estrangement, migration, travel, exile.

Dominance, Domination. Superiority, lordship, mastery, sway, supremacy, command, ascendancy, government.

Ant. Servility, subjection, inferiority, weakness, minority, subordination.

Domineer. Lord, tyrannize, dictate, bully, swagger.

Ant. Submit, yield, bow, defer, patronize, succumb; resist, contend.

Dominion. Government, domination, supremacy, sway, dominance, control, authority, domain, territory, sovereignty.

Ant. Submission, subjugation, servitude.

Doom, n. Condemnation, fate, sentence, judgment, destiny, verdict.

Ant. Liberation, respite, escape, acquittal, discharge.

Dormant. Sleeping, latent, inert, quiescent.

87Ant. Active, operative, vigilant, awake, alert.

Doubt, n. Distrust, skepticism, disbelief, suspicion, suspense, hesitation, incredulity, irresolution, misgiving, unbelief, perplexity, uncertainty.

Ant. Conviction, certainty, assurance; belief, confidence; determination, resolution, resolve.

Downwards. Below, beneath, down.

Ant. Upwards, above, aloft.

Drag. Draw, pull, haul, bring.

Ant. Carry, push, propel, raise.

Drain. Empty, exhaust, draw, strain, dry.

Ant. Fill, supply, replenish, moisten, drench.

Draw. Haul, lead, pull, drag, lure, entice, attract, incline, induce.

Ant. Repel, repulse, rebuff, alienate, estrange, reject.

Dread, n. Fear, terror, awe, apprehension, horror, alarm.

Ant. Confidence, courage; familiarity.

Dream. Reverie, fancy, vision, delusion, conceit, hallucination, romance, trance, vagary.

Ant. Fact, reality, realization, verity, certainty, substance.

Dreary. Dismal, gloomy, dark, lonesome, solitary, cheerless.

Ant. Cheerful, bright, promising, inviting.

Dress. Clothing, garments, apparel, garb, array, uniform, attire, costume, raiment, habiliments, vesture, robes, habit, vestments.

Ant. Nakedness, disarray, nudity, bareness, deshabille, exposure, undress.

Drift, n. Direction, bearing, course; aim, purpose, intention, scope, tendency, design; rush, impulse, current; heap, mass.

Ant. Aimlessness, vagueness, aberrancy, indefiniteness.

Drink. Swallow, imbibe, quaff, drain, absorb, suck in.

Ant. Pour, exude, disgorge, water, moisten.

Drive. Impel, propel, compel, push, thrust, urge; repulse, repel, resist; ride.

Ant. Draw, attract, invite, summon.

Droll. Whimsical, comical, ludicrous, funny, ridiculous, odd, queer, facetious.

Ant. Sober, solemn, tragic, funereal.

Droop. Languish, sink, decline, flag, pine, wither, fade, wilt.

Ant. Prosper, revive, rally, flourish, raise, luxuriate.

Drown. Sink, immerse, swamp, overwhelm, overflow, inundate, deluge, flood, overcome, overpower.

Ant. Dry, drain, air, ventilate, expose.

Dry. Arid, parched; thirsty, craving drink; barren, meager, dull, dreary, tedious, plain; severe, sarcastic, sharp, keen.

Ant. Moist, fresh, juicy; lively, entertaining; fulsome, florid.

Due. Proper, fitting, suitable, appropriate, becoming; owing, obligatory.

Ant. Improper, unsuitable, independent; unfair, extravagant, deficient.

Dull. Heavy, stupid, unintelligent, apathetic, insensible, callous, dead; inert, lifeless, inactive, slow, torpid; blunt, obtuse; gloomy, sad, dismal; dim, obscure; wearisome, dreary, tedious.

Ant. Bright, light, sparkling, 88brilliant, quick, interesting, lively, keen, witty, cheery, inviting, entertaining.

Dumb. Speechless, mute, silent, still, inarticulate.

Ant. Talkative, chatty, loquacious.

Duplicate. Copy, counterpart, facsimile, imitation, likeness, replica, reproduction, double, transcript.

Ant. Original, pattern, prototype, archetype, model.

Duplicity. Deceit, deception, circumvention, guile, artifice, hypocrisy, fraud, dishonesty.

Ant. Candor, straightforwardness, frankness, sincerity, honesty.

Duration. Continuance, term, period, protraction, prolongation (in time).

Ant. Brevity, momentariness; infinity, eternity.

Duty. Office, responsibility, obligation, function, business, accountability, right, righteousness.

Ant. Immunity, freedom, license, exemption, dispensation.

Dwell. Live, reside, rest, stop, stay, abide, lodge, sojourn.

Ant. Visit, migrate, hasten, flit, roam, depart, travel.

Eager. Impatient, anxious, desirous, longing, yearning, ardent, enthusiastic, earnest, animated, fervent, impetuous, vehement.

Ant. Torpid, sluggish, slow, backward, belated, late, tardy.

Earn. Acquire, merit, win, get, gain, procure, deserve, achieve, obtain, realize.

Ant. Waste, lose, spend, forfeit, squander.

Earnest. Eager, zealous, fervent; steady, intent, fixed; sincere, serious, true; important, momentous.

Ant. Indifferent, irresolute, sportive, jesting, flippant.

Ease. Facility, knack, readiness, expertness, easiness, satisfaction, contentment, comfort, repose, refreshment, relief.

Ant. Perplexity, irritation, annoyance, constraint, disquiet, trouble, vexation, difficulty, uneasiness, awkwardness, worry.

Easy. Quiet, comfortable, tranquil, compliant, facile, complacent, submissive; unaffected, natural, smooth; moderate, affluent.

Ant. Disturbed, uncomfortable, hard, difficult, anxious, exacting.

Ebb. Retire, recede, abate, decrease, subside, wane, sink.

Ant. Flow, swell, increase, flood, inundate, deluge.

Eccentric. Irregular, abnormal, uncommon, peculiar, singular, wayward, strange, aberrant, erratic, whimsical.

Ant. Normal, conventional, common, usual, regular, customary.

Echo. Resonance, repetition, reverberation, imitation, answer.

Ant. Sound, voice, original, tone, noise, speech.

Eclipse, n. Obscuration, dimming, obscurity, hiding, shrouding, concealment, vanishing, extinction, obliteration, annihilation, destruction.

Ant. Illumination, enlightenment, revelation; perpetuation; radiation; unveiling, discovery.

89Economics. Science of wealth, public or political economy; household management, household economy, housewifery.

Economize. Save, husband, retrench, manage frugally, be frugal or prudent, practice economy, avoid waste; develop resources, utilize.

Ant. Waste, misuse, sacrifice, be lavish, profuse, or extravagant; squander, dissipate.

Economy. Thrift, thriftiness, frugality, providence, good husbandry; management, arrangement, regulation, administration; plan, system, established order, dispensation.

Ant. Prodigality, wastefulness, extravagance, lavishness.

Ecstasy. Transport, rapture, inspiration, fervor, frenzy, emotion, delight, enthusiasm, happiness.

Ant. Coolness, dulness, ennui, weariness, tedium, indifference.

Edge. Border, margin, brink, rim, brim, verge; sharpness, keenness, intensity, animation, zest.

Ant. Center, interior; dulness, bluntness, flatness; inertness, inactivity.

Edible. Eatable, esculent, wholesome, culinary.

Ant. Poisonous, deleterious, harmful, dangerous, noxious, uneatable.

Edict. Decree, command, order, proclamation, mandate, ordinance.

Ant. Hoax, canard; request, wish.

Edifice. Building, tenement, fabric, structure.

Ant. Ruin, heap, demolition, destruction.

Edify. Build up, enlighten, improve, stimulate, strengthen, nurture.

Ant. Defile, debase, mislead, misguide, pervert, corrupt.

Edit. Revise, correct, prepare for the press, annotate, emend; bring out; conduct, manage.

Ant. Distort, pervert, falsify, garble, mutilate.

Educate. Discipline, teach, instruct, train, nurture, breed, develop.

Ant. Dwarf, stunt, hinder; pervert, corrupt.

Education. Training, teaching, tuition, instruction, schooling, discipline, cultivation, breeding, development, nurture, information, knowledge, learning, reading, study.

Ant. Ignorance, illiteracy, nescience, blindness, darkness.

Educe. Draw out, extract, elicit, evolve, produce.

Ant. Adduce, cite, allege, quote, advance, name, mention; apply, insert, deposit, bestow.

Efface. Obliterate, erase, blot out, destroy, cancel, eradicate, expunge.

Ant. Restore, revive, delineate, imprint, portray, replace, reinstate, renew.

Effect, n. Result, consequence, event, issue; force, efficiency, validity, weight, power; purport, drift, tenor, meaning; fact, reality, truth; impression, appearance, ensemble; (pl.) chattels, goods, commodities, property, movables.

Ant. Cause, motive, source, incentive; origin.

Effect, v. Cause, produce, accomplish, change, achieve, create, execute, perform, realize, compass, effectuate, consummate, fulfil.

Ant. Obviate, frustrate, prevent, mar, hinder; deter, deflect.

90Effective. Adequate, competent, effectual, sufficient; potent, cogent, efficacious, forcible, energetic, powerful; active, efficient, operative; conducive; serviceable, able, talented.

Ant. Weak, futile, nugatory, inconducive, inoperative, inadequate, impotent, incompetent, powerless.

Effectuate. Accomplish, effect, execute, achieve, secure, fulfil.

Ant. Prevent, hinder, abolish, defeat, nullify, stifle, blight.

Effeminate. Feminine, womanly, delicate; womanish, feeble, unmanly, timorous, enervated, soft, weak, emasculated.

Ant. Strong, manly, masculine, virile, manlike, vigorous, hardy, robust.

Effervesce. Boil, bubble, froth, foam, ferment, sparkle; express irrepressible emotion.

Ant. Subside; acquiesce, refrain, bear, brook, digest.

Effete. Barren, unfruitful; decayed, spent, exhausted, worn, wasted, decrepit.

Ant. Vigorous, fertile, prolific, productive, exuberant, luxuriant, rank.

Efficacious. Effectual, effective, active, operative, powerful, adequate, cogent.

Ant. Insufficient, inadequate, ineffectual.

Efficacy. Power, potency, force, competency, strength, effectiveness, vigor, energy, usefulness.

Ant. Inefficacy, incompetency.

Efficiency. Power, strength, capability, virtue, energy, usefulness, productiveness, effectiveness; attentiveness, aptitude, skill, ingenuity, competence, inventiveness, readiness, ingeniousness, faculty, cleverness, genius, acuteness.

Ant. Weakness, inability, incompetence, unproductivity; inattention, awkwardness, absence of mind, thoughtlessness, preoccupation, distraction, laziness, stupidity.

Efficient. Operative, active, potent, efficacious, effective, effectual; able, skilled, ready, energetic, proficient, competent.

Ant. Inactive, impotent, ineffective, abortive; dull, inert, indolent, sluggish, senseless, stupid.

Effigy. Image, representation, figure, statue, likeness; dummy.

Ant. Caricature, misrepresentation, distortion; bust, portrait.

Efflorescence. Flowering, blooming, blossoming, budding; outburst; bloom, luxuriance.

Ant. Deflorescence, fading, waning, blasting, withering; nudity, bareness, denudation; absorption, desiccation.

Effluence. Emanation, flow, effusion, efflux; issue, outpouring; emission, discharge; abundance, overflow.

Ant. Influx, infusion, refluence, ebb; exhaustion; absorption, retention.

Effluvium. Exhalation, emanation, malaria, miasma, stink, noxious vapor.

Ant. Ventilation, scent, disinfectant; zephyr, aroma, balm.

Effort. Endeavor, attempt, trial, exertion, struggle, essay, strain, striving, stretch.

Ant. Failure, frustration, futility, weakness, deficiency, misadventure; ease, inactivity, spontaneity, facility.

Effrontery. Assurance, impudence, audacity, shamelessness, presumption, hardihood, boldness, brass; insolence, sauciness.

91Ant. Modesty, coyness, shyness, diffidence, sensitiveness, shrinking, timidity, bashfulness.

Effulgence. Brilliancy, splendor, luster, brightness, radiance, refulgence, glory, flame, luminosity, resplendence.

Ant. Darkness, tenebrosity, obscuration, gloom, opaqueness, shade.

Effuse, a. Profuse, poured forth freely, lavish, prodigal, copious, abundant, effluent.

Ant. Dry, scanty, sparing, meager, thin.

Effusion. Outpouring, effluence, discharge, emission; abundance; speech, address, oration; waste, shedding, spilling.

Ant. Infusion, absorption; essay, reading, document, instrument; influx; retention.

Effusive. Lavish, generous, profuse, prodigal, gushing; spread widely, diffused.

Ant. Sparing; taciturn, laconic, curt, brief.

Egoism. Selfishness, self-assurance, self-conceit, self-consciousness, self-confidence, self-esteem, conceit, vanity, self-assertion, self-praise, self-admiration, self-love, self-exaltation.

Ant. Self-abnegation, deference, self-forgetfulness, diffidence, bashfulness, humility, modesty, self-distrust, shyness, unobtrusiveness, considerateness, unostentatiousness.

Egregious. Surpassing, extraordinary, remarkable, enormous, monstrous, outrageous, tremendous, prodigious, peculiar; flagrant, gross.

Ant. Ordinary, usual, commonplace, mediocre, everyday.

Egress. Exit, way out, departure, going out, outlet; sally.

Ant. Entrance, avenue, approach, inlet; inroad, incursion, invasion.

Either. One or the other of two; each, both.

Ant. Neither, not any one of two.

Ejaculation. Exclamation, cry, utterance; expletive.

Ant. Silence, speechlessness, dumfounderment; drawl; oration, speech.

Eject. Cast out, emit, vomit, void, evacuate; expel, dismiss, discharge, oust; reject, banish, throw aside, cast away.

Ant. Retain, absorb; accept, receive, house, store, admit, accommodate, welcome; introduce, inject.

Eke out. Add to, supply, increase, stretch, raise, augment, help.

Ant. Stint, drain, withhold, diminish, exhaust.

Elaborate. Improve, refine, develop, mature, execute, forge, prepare, concoct, work upon, labor over.

Ant. Slight, neglect, disregard, overlook; miscontrive, mismanage; chance, hit, guess, conjecture, extemporize.

Elapse. Pass, slip, glide away, lapse; intervene.

Ant. Wait, abide, halt, hold; continue, endure; grasp, seize.

Elastic. Flexible, springy, resilient, extensile, ductile, buoyant; alterable, modifiable; rebounding, recoiling.

Ant. Rigid, tough, inflexible; crystallized, unchangeable; dull, inert.

Elated. Cheered, excited, exhilarated, animated, flushed, inspirited, inflated.

Ant. Depressed, dejected, discouraged, dispirited, humiliated, abashed, confounded.

Elder. Senior, older, more ancient, 92earlier born; superior; precedent.

Ant. Younger, junior, juvenile.

Elect, a. Picked, selected, chosen, choice; appointed, delegated; redeemed, saved; élite, accepted.

Ant. Rejected, doomed, reprobate; abandoned, depraved.

Election. Selection, preference, choice; appointment by vote; alternative, free will, freedom, power to choose; discrimination, discernment, distinction; predestination.

Ant. Postponement; rejection, reprobation, abandonment.

Electric. Charged with electricity, relating to electricity; inspiring, inspiriting, stimulating; lightninglike, swift, flashing, thrilling, stirring, exciting.

Electrify. Charge with electricity, render electric; rouse, excite, thrill, stir, astonish, astound, amaze, appal.

Ant. “Kill” (of something charged, from which the electricity is suddenly removed); disconnect, sever (of apparatus for carrying electricity); stupefy, soothe, deaden, calm, mesmerize.

Elegance. Grace, beauty, propriety, symmetry; polish, politeness, refinement, gentility, gracefulness, taste.

Ant. Deformity, awkwardness, coarseness, rudeness, disproportion.

Elegant. Graceful, well-formed, symmetrical, lovely, handsome, comely, refined, tasteful, ornamental, accomplished, polished.

Ant. Awkward, deformed, ill-proportioned, misshapen, ungraceful, hideous, coarse, rude.

Elegy. Dirge, threnody, lament, jeremiad, requiem, coronach, funeral song; serious or melancholy poem.

Ant. Pæan, jubilee, halleluiah, anthem.

Element. Constituent, component, ingredient, part, principle, atom; (pl.) rudiments, outlines, essential parts.

Ant. Whole, mass, aggregate, total, totality, gross, sum, amount.

Elementary. Simple, uncompounded, rudimentary, primary; physical, material, natural; ultimate, component, constituent.

Ant. Compounded, collective, aggregate, developed, organized; immaterial, incorporeal, impalpable.

Elevate. Raise, lift up, exalt, promote, advance, aggrandize; improve, dignify, ennoble, refine, inspire, greaten; animate, elate, cheer, excite, exhilarate.

Ant. Lower, degrade, debase, depress, demean, humble, humiliate.

Elevation. Raising, elevating; promotion, aggrandizement, exaltation; dignity, refinement, improvement; amelioration; hill, height, altitude, superiority, eminence, loftiness, tallness.

Ant. Degradation, debasement, depression, decline, fall, depth; deterioration, inferiority; shortness, stuntedness.

Elicit. Draw out, evoke, educe, call forth, bring out, deduce, bring to light; express, extract, evolve, worm out, extort.

Ant. Insert, implant, introduce, inoculate, inject, infuse, instill, incorporate, insinuate; suggest.

Eligible. Desirable, preferable, worthy of choice, qualified, capable, suitable, prime, choice.

93Ant. Worthless, ordinary, indifferent, unprofitable, undesirable.

Elimination. Expulsion, exclusion, discharge, removal, rejection, eradication, erasure, riddance, obliteration.

Ant. Inclusion, retention; approval; preservation, conservation.

Elision. Omission, ejection, ellipsis, abridgment, excerption.

Ant. Insertion, inoculation, introduction, implantation; inclusion; augmentation.