*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 666 ***
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary

Version published 1913

by the C. & G. Merriam Co.
Springfield, Mass.
Under the direction of
Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D.




 P.

P (p), the sixteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a nonvocal
consonant whose form and value come from the Latin, into which language
the letter was brought, through the ancient Greek, from the Phúnician,
its probable origin being Egyptian. Etymologically P is most closely
related to b, f, and v; as hobble, hopple; father, paternal; recipient,
receive. See B, F, and M.

See Guide to Pronunciation, ßß 247, 248, and 184- 195.

Pa (p‰), n. A shortened form of Papa.

Pa"age (p"j; 48), n. [OF. paage, paiage, F. pÈage, fr. (assumed) LL.
pedaticum, fr. L. pes, pedis, foot. See Pedage, Pedal.] (O. Eng. Law) A
toll for passage over another person's grounds. [Written also peage and
pedage.] Burke.

||Paard (p‰rd), n. [D., a horse.] The zebra. [S. Africa]

Paas (p‰s), n. Pace [Obs.] Chaucer

Paas (ps), n. [D. paash. See Pasch.] The Easter festival. [Local, U.
S.] Bartlett.

Paas egg. See Easter egg, under Easter.

Pab"u*lar (?), a. [L. pabularis.] Of, pertaining to, or fit for,
pabulum or food; affording food.

Pab`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. pabulatio, fr. pabulari to feed, fr. pabulum
food. See Pabulum.]

1. The act of feeding, or providing food. [Obs.] Cockeram.

2. Food; fodder; pabulum. [Obs.]

Pab"u*lous (?), a. [L. pabulosus.] Affording pabulum, or food;
alimental. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Pab"u*lum (?), n. [L., akin to pascere to pasture. See Pastor.] The
means of nutriment to animals or plants; food; nourishment; hence, that
which feeds or sustains, as fuel for a fire; that upon which the mind
or soul is nourished; as, intellectual pabulum.

Pac (?), n. A kind of moccasin, having the edges of the sole turned up
and sewed to the upper. Knight.

Pa"ca (?), n. [Pg., from the native name.] (Zoˆl.) A small South
American rodent (Cúlogenys paca), having blackish brown fur, with four
parallel rows of white spots along its sides; the spotted cavy. It is
nearly allied to the agouti and the Guinea pig.

Pa"ca*ble (?), a. [L. pacare to pacify.] Placable. [R.] Coleridge.

Pa*cane" (?), n. (Bot.) A species of hickory. See Pecan.

Pa"cate (?), a. [L. pacatus, p. p. of pacare to pacify, fr. pax, pacis,
peace. See Pay to requite, Peace.] Appeased; pacified; tranquil. [R.]

Pa"ca*ted (?), a. Pacified; pacate.

Pa*ca"tion (?), n. [L. pacatio.] The act of pacifying; a peacemaking.
Coleridge.

Pace (?), n. [OE. pas, F. pas, from L. passus a step, pace, orig., a
stretching out of the feet in walking; cf. pandere, passum, to spread,
stretch; perh. akin to E. patent. Cf. Pas, Pass.] 1. A single movement
from one foot to the other in walking; a step.

2. The length of a step in walking or marching, reckoned from the heel
of one foot to the heel of the other; -- used as a unit in measuring
distances; as, he advanced fifty paces. "The heigh of sixty pace ."
Chaucer.

Ordinarily the pace is estimated at two and one half linear feet; but
in measuring distances be stepping, the pace is extended to three feet
(one yard) or to three and three tenths feet (one fifth of a rod). The
regulation marching pace in the English and United States armies is
thirty inches for quick time, and thirty-six inches for double time.
The Roman pace (passus) was from the heel of one foot to the heel of
the same foot when it next touched the ground, five Roman feet.

3. Manner of stepping or moving; gait; walk; as, the walk, trot,
canter, gallop, and amble are paces of the horse; a swaggering pace; a
quick pace. Chaucer.

    To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow, Creeps in this petty pace
    from day to day.


Shak.

    In the military schools of riding a variety of paces are taught.


Walsh.

4. A slow gait; a footpace. [Obs.] Chucer.

5. Specifically, a kind of fast amble; a rack.

6. Any single movement, step, or procedure. [R.]

    The first pace necessary for his majesty to make is to fall into
    confidence with Spain.


Sir W. Temple.

7. (Arch.) A broad step or platform; any part of a floor slightly
raised above the rest, as around an altar, or at the upper end of a
hall.

8. (Weaving) A device in a loom, to maintain tension on the warp in
pacing the web.

Geometrical pace, the space from heel to heel between the spot where
one foot is set down and that where the same foot is again set down,
loosely estimated at five feet, or by some at four feet and two fifths.
See Roman pace in the Note under def. 2. [Obs.] -- To keep, or hold,
pace with, to keep up with; to go as fast as. "In intellect and
attainments he kept pace with his age." Southey.

Pace (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pacing (?).]
1. To go; to walk; specifically, to move with regular or measured
steps. "I paced on slowly." Pope. "With speed so pace." Shak.

2. To proceed; to pass on. [Obs.]

    Or [ere] that I further in this tale pace.


Chaucer.

3. To move quickly by lifting the legs on the same side together, as a
horse; to amble with rapidity; to rack.

4. To pass away; to die. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pace, v. t. 1. To walk over with measured tread; to move slowly over or
upon; as, the guard paces his round. "Pacing light the velvet plain."
T. Warton.

2. To measure by steps or paces; as, to pace a piece of ground.

3. To develop, guide, or control the pace or paces of; to teach the
pace; to break in.

    If you can, pace your wisdom In that good path that I would wish it
    go.


Shak

To pace the web (Weaving), to wind up the cloth on the beam,
periodically, as it is woven, in a loom.

Paced (?), a. Having, or trained in, [such] a pace or gait; trained; --
used in composition; as, slow- paced; a thorough-paced villain.

Pa"cer (?), n. One who, or that which, paces; especially, a horse that
paces.

Pa*cha" (?), n. [F.] See Pasha.

||Pa`cha*ca*mac" (?), n. A divinity worshiped by the ancient Peruvians
||as the creator of the universe.

||Pa*chak" (?), n. (Bot.) The fragrant roots of the Saussurea Costus,
||exported from India to China, and used for burning as incense. It is
||supposed to be the costus of the ancients. [Written also putchuck.]

Pa*cha"lic (?), a. & n. See Pashalic.

||Pa*chi"si (?), Par*che"si (&?;), n. [Hind., fr. pachis twenty-five,
||the highest throw in the game.] A game, somewhat resembling
||backgammon, originating in India.

Pa*chom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. pa`chos thickness + -meter.] (Physics) An
instrument for measuring thickness, as of the glass of a mirror, or of
paper; a pachymeter.

||Pa*chon"ta (?), n. (Bot.) A substance resembling gutta-percha, and
||used to adulterate it, obtained from the East Indian tree Isonandra
||acuminata.

Pach"y- (?). [Gr. &?; thick.] A combining form meaning thick; as,
pachyderm, pachydactyl.

Pach`y*car"pous (?), a. [Pachy- + Gr. &?; fruit.] (Bot.) Having the
pericarp thick.

Pach`y*dac"tyl (?), n. [Pachy- + dactyl.] (Zoˆl.) A bird or other
animal having thick toes.

Pach`y*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having thick toes.

Pach"y*derm (?), n. [Cf. F. pachyderme.] (Zoˆl.) One of the
Pachydermata.

Pach`y*der"mal (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or relating to the pachyderms; as,
pachydermal dentition.

||Pach`y*der"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; thick-skinned; pachy`s
||thick + &?; skin.] (Zoˆl.) A group of hoofed mammals distinguished
||for the thickness of their skins, including the elephant,
||hippopotamus, rhinoceros, tapir, horse, and hog. It is now considered
||an artificial group.

Pach`y*der"ma*tous (?), a. 1. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the
pachyderms.

2. Thick-skinned; not sensitive to ridicule.

Pach`y*der"moid (?), a. [Pachyderm + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) Related to the
pachyderms.

Pach`y*glos"sal (?), a. [Pachy- + Gr. &?; tongue.] (Zoˆl.) Having a
thick tongue; -- applied to a group of lizards (PachyglossÊ), including
the iguanas and agamas.

Pach`y*men`in*gi"tis (?), n. [Pachy-  + meningitis.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the dura mater or outer membrane of the brain.

Pa*chym"e*ter (?), n. [Pachy- + -meter.] Same as Pachometer.

Pach"y*ote (?), n. [Pachy- + Gr. &?;, &?;, ear.] (Zoˆl.) One of a
family of bats, including those which have thick external ears.

Pac"i*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being pacified or appeased; placable.

Pa*cif"ic (?), a. [L. pacificus: cf. F. pacifique. See Pacify.] Of or
pertaining to peace; suited to make or restore peace; of a peaceful
character; not warlike; not quarrelsome; conciliatory; as, pacific
words or acts; a pacific nature or condition.

Pacific Ocean, the ocean between America and Asia, so called by
Magellan, its first European navigator, on account of the exemption
from violent tempests which he enjoyed while sailing over it; -- called
also, simply, the Pacific, and, formerly, the South sea.

Syn. -- Peacemaking; appeasing; conciliatory; tranquil; calm; quiet;
peaceful; reconciling; mild; gentle.

Pa*cif"ic*a*ble (?), a. Placable. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Pa*cif"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to peace; pacific. [R.] Sir H.
Wotton. -- Pa*cif"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.]

Pa*cif`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. pacificatio: cf. F. pacification. See
Pacify.] The act or process of pacifying, or of making peace between
parties at variance; reconciliation. "An embassy of pacification."
Bacon.

Pa*cif"i*ca`tor (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, pacifies; a
peacemaker. Bacon.

Pa*cif"i*ca*to*ry (?), a. [L. pacificatorius.] Tending to make peace;
conciliatory. Barrow.

Pac"i*fi`er (?), n. One who pacifies.

Pac"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pacified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pacifying (?).] [F. pacifier, L. pacificare; pax, pacis, peace +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See Peace, and -fy.] To make to be at
peace; to appease; to calm; to still; to quiet; to allay the agitation,
excitement, or resentment of; to tranquillize; as, to pacify a man when
angry; to pacify pride, appetite, or importunity. "Pray ye, pacify
yourself." Shak.

    To pacify and settle those countries.


Bacon.

Pa*cin"i*an (?), a. (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or discovered by,
Filippo Pacini, an Italian physician of the 19th century.

Pacinian corpuscles, small oval bodies terminating some of the minute
branches of the sensory nerves in the integument and other parts of the
body. They are supposed to be tactile organs.

Pack (?), n. [Cf. Pact.] A pact. [Obs.] Daniel.

Pack, n. [Akin to D. pak, G. pack, Dan. pakke, Sw. packa, Icel. pakki,
Gael. & Ir. pac, Arm. pak. Cf. Packet.]

1. A bundle made up and prepared to be carried; especially, a bundle to
be carried on the back; a load for an animal; a bale, as of goods.
Piers Plowman.

2. [Cf. Peck, n.] A number or quantity equal to the contents of a pack;
hence, a multitude; a burden. "A pack of sorrows." "A pack of
blessings." Shak.

"In England, by a pack of meal is meant 280 lbs.; of wool, 240 lbs."
McElrath.

3. A number or quantity of connected or similar things; as: (a) A full
set of playing cards; also, the assortment used in a particular game;
as, a euchre pack. (b) A number of hounds or dogs, hunting or kept
together. (c) A number of persons associated or leagued in a bad design
or practice; a gang; as, a pack of thieves or knaves. (d) A shook of
cask staves. (e) A bundle of sheet-iron plates for rolling
simultaneously.

4. A large area of floating pieces of ice driven together more or less
closely. Kane.

5. An envelope, or wrapping, of sheets used in hydropathic practice,
called dry pack, wet pack, cold pack, etc., according to the method of
treatment.

6. [Prob. the same word; but cf. AS. p&?;can to deceive.] A loose,
lewd, or worthless person. See Baggage. [Obs.] Skelton.

Pack animal, an animal, as a horse, mule, etc., employed in carrying
packs. -- Pack cloth, a coarse cloth, often duck, used in covering
packs or bales. -- Pack horse. See Pack animal (above). -- Pack ice.
See def. 4, above. -- Pack moth (Zoˆl.), a small moth (Anacampsis
sarcitella) which, in the larval state, is very destructive to wool and
woolen fabrics. -- Pack needle, a needle for sewing with pack thread.
Piers Plowman. -- Pack saddle, a saddle made for supporting the load on
a pack animal. Shak. -- Pack staff, a staff for supporting a pack; a
peddler's staff. -- Pack thread, strong thread or small twine used for
tying packs or parcels. -- Pack train (Mil.), a troop of pack animals.

<! p. 1029 !>

Pack (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Packed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Packing.]
[Akin to D. pakken, G. packen, Dan. pakke, Sw. packa, Icel. pakka. See
Pack, n.] 1. To make a pack of; to arrange closely and securely in a
pack; hence, to place and arrange compactly as in a pack; to press into
close order or narrow compass; as to pack goods in a box; to pack fish.

    Strange materials packed up with wonderful art.


Addison.

    Where . . . the bones Of all my buried ancestors are packed.


Shak.

2. To fill in the manner of a pack, that is, compactly and securely, as
for transportation; hence, to fill closely or to repletion; to stow
away within; to cause to be full; to crowd into; as, to pack a trunk;
the play, or the audience, packs the theater.

3. To sort and arrange (the cards) in a pack so as to secure the game
unfairly.

    And mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown.


Pope.

4. Hence: To bring together or make up unfairly and fraudulently, in
order to secure a certain result; as, to pack a jury or a causes.

    The expected council was dwindling into . . . a packed assembly of
    Italian bishops.


Atterbury.

5. To contrive unfairly or fraudulently; to plot. [Obs.]

    He lost life . . . upon a nice point subtilely devised and packed
    by his enemies.


Fuller.

6. To load with a pack; hence, to load; to encumber; as, to pack a
horse.

    Our thighs packed with wax, our mouths with honey.


Shack.

7. To cause to go; to send away with baggage or belongings; esp., to
send away peremptorily or suddenly; -- sometimes with off; as, to pack
a boy off to school.

    He . . . must not die


    Till George be packed with post horse up to heaven.


Shak.

8. To transport in a pack, or in the manner of a pack (i. e., on the
backs of men or beasts). [Western U.S.]

9. (Hydropathy) To envelop in a wet or dry sheet, within numerous
coverings. See Pack, n., 5.

10. (Mech.) To render impervious, as by filling or surrounding with
suitable material, or to fit or adjust so as to move without giving
passage to air, water, or steam; as, to pack a joint; to pack the
piston of a steam engine.

Pack, v. i. 1. To make up packs, bales, or bundles; to stow articles
securely for transportation.

2. To admit of stowage, or of making up for transportation or storage;
to become compressed or to settle together, so as to form a compact
mass; as, the goods pack conveniently; wet snow packs well.

3. To gather in flocks or schools; as, the grouse or the perch begin to
pack. [Eng.]

4. To depart in haste; -- generally with off or away.

    Poor Stella must pack off to town


Swift.

    You shall pack, And never more darken my doors again.


Tennyson.

5. To unite in bad measures; to confederate for ill purposes; to join
in collusion. [Obs.] "Go pack with him." Shak.

To send packing, to drive away; to send off roughly or in disgrace; to
dismiss unceremoniously. "The parliament . . . presently sent him
packing." South.

Pack"age (?), n. 1. Act or process of packing.

2. A bundle made up for transportation; a packet; a bale; a parcel; as,
a package of goods.

3. A charge made for packing goods.

4. A duty formerly charged in the port of London on goods imported or
exported by aliens, or by denizens who were the sons of aliens.

Pack"er (?), n. A person whose business is to pack things; especially,
one who packs food for preservation; as, a pork packer.

Pack"et (?), n. [F. paquet, dim. fr. LL. paccus, from the same source
as E. pack. See Pack.]

1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as, a packet of
letters. Shak.

2. Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey dispatches or
mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying dispatches, mails,
passengers, and goods, and having fixed days of sailing; a mail boat.

Packet boat, ship, or vessel. See Packet, n., 2. -- Packet day, the day
for mailing letters to go by packet; or the sailing day. -- Packet note
or post. See under Paper.

Pack"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Packeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Packeting.] 1.
To make up into a packet or bundle.

2. To send in a packet or dispatch vessel.

    Her husband Was packeted to France.


Ford.

Pack"et, v. i. To ply with a packet or dispatch boat.

Pack"fong` (?), n. [Chin. peh tung.] (Metal.) A Chinese alloy of
nickel, zinc, and copper, resembling German silver.

Pack herse. See under 2d Pack.

Pack"house` (?), n. Warehouse for storing goods.

Pack"ing, n. 1. The act or process of one who packs.

2. Any material used to pack, fill up, or make close. Specifically
(Mach.): A substance or piece used to make a joint impervious; as: (a)
A thin layer, or sheet, of yielding or elastic material inserted
between the surfaces of a flange joint. (b) The substance in a stuffing
box, through which a piston rod slides. (c) A yielding ring, as of
metal, which surrounds a piston and maintains a tight fit, as inside a
cylinder, etc.

3. (Masonry) Same as Filling. [Rare in the U. S.]

4. A trick; collusion. [Obs.] Bale.

Cherd packing (Bridge Building), the arrangement, side by side, of
several parts, as bars, diagonals, a post, etc., on a pin at the bottom
of a chord. Waddell. -- Packing box, a stuffing box. See under
Stuffing. -- Packing press, a powerful press for baling cotton, wool,
hay, etc. -- Packing ring. See Packing, 2 (c), and Illust. of Piston.
-- Packing sheet. (a) A large cloth for packing goods. (b) A sheet
prepared for packing hydropathic patients.

Pack"man (?), n.; pl. Packmen (&?;). One who bears a pack; a peddler.

{ Pack saddle, Pack thread }. See under 2d Pack.

Pack"wax` (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Paxwax.

Pack"way` (?), n. A path, as over mountains, followed by pack animals.

{ Pa"co (?), Pa"cos (?), } n. [Sp. paco, fr. Peruv. paco. Cf. Alpaca.]

1. (Zoˆl.) Same as Alpaca.

2. [Peruv. paco, pacu, red, reddish, reddish ore containing silver;
perh. a different word.] (Min.) An earthy-looking ore, consisting of
brown oxide of iron with minute particles of native silver. Ure.

Pact (?), n. [L. pactum, fr. paciscere to make a bargain or contract,
fr. pacere to settle, or agree upon; cf. pangere to fasten, Gr. &?;,
Skr. pca bond, and E. fang: cf. F. pacie. Cf. Peace, Fadge, v.] An
agreement; a league; a compact; a covenant. Bacon.

    The engagement and pact of society whish goes by the name of the
    constitution.


Burke.

Pac"tion (?), n. [L. pactio: cf. F. paction. See Pact.] An agreement; a
compact; a bargain. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

Pac"tion*al (?), a. Of the nature of, or by means of, a paction. Bp.
Sanderson.

Pac*ti"tious (?), a. [L. pactitius, pacticius.] Setted by a pact, or
agreement. [R.] Johnson.

Pac*to"li*an (?), a. Pertaining to the Pactolus, a river in ancient
Lydia famous for its golden sands.

Pa"cu (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A South American freah-water fish (Myleies pacu),
of the family CharacinidÊ. It is highly esteemed as food.

Pad (?), n. [D. pad. &radic;21. See Path.] 1. A footpath; a road. [Obs.
or Prov. Eng.]

2. An easy-paced horse; a padnag. Addison

    An abbot on an ambling pad.


Tennyson.

3. A robber that infests the road on foot; a highwayman; -- usually
called a footpad. Gay. Byron.

4. The act of robbing on the highway. [Obs.]

Pad, v. t. To travel upon foot; to tread. [Obs.]

    Padding the streets for half a crown.


Somerville.

Pad, v. i. 1. To travel heavily or slowly. Bunyan.

2. To rob on foot. [Obs.] Cotton Mather.

3. To wear a path by walking. [Prov. Eng.]

Pad, n. [Perh. akin to pod.] 1. A soft, or small, cushion; a mass of
anything soft; stuffing.

2. A kind of cushion for writing upon, or for blotting; esp., one
formed of many flat sheets of writing paper, or layers of blotting
paper; a block of paper.

3. A cushion used as a saddle without a tree or frame.

4. A stuffed guard or protection; esp., one worn on the legs of horses
to prevent bruising.

5. (Zoˆl.) A cushionlike thickening of the skin one the under side of
the toes of animals.

6. A floating leaf of a water lily or similar plant.

7. (Med.) A soft bag or cushion to relieve pressure, support a part,
etc.

8. (Naut.) A piece of timber fixed on a beam to fit the curve of the
deck. W. C. Russel.

9. A measure for fish; as, sixty mackerel go to a pad; a basket of
soles. [Eng.] Simmonds.

Pad cloth, a saddlecloth; a housing. -- Pad saddle. See def. 3, above.
-- Pad tree (Harness Making), a piece of wood or metal which gives
rigidity and shape to a harness pad. Knight.

Pad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Padded; p. pr. & vb. n. Padding.] 1. To stuff;
to furnish with a pad or padding.

2. (Calico Printing) To imbue uniformly with a mordant; as, to pad
cloth. Ure.

Pad"ar (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] Groats; coarse flour or meal.
[Obs.] Sir. H. Wotton.

Pad"der (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, pads.

2. A highwayman; a footpad. [Obs.]

Pad"ding, n. 1. The act or process of making a pad or of inserting
stuffing.

2. The material with which anything is padded.

3. Material of inferior value, serving to extend a book, essay, etc.
London Sat. Rev.

4. (Calico Printing) The uniform impregnation of cloth with a mordant.

Pad"dle (?), v. i. [Prob. for pattle, and a dim. of pat, v.; cf. also
E. pad to tread, Prov. G. paddeln, padden, to walk with short steps, to
paddle, G. patschen to splash, dash, dabble, F. patouiller to dabble,
splash, fr. patte a paw. &radic;21.] 1. To use the hands or fingers in
toying; to make caressing strokes. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To dabble in water with hands or feet; to use a paddle, or something
which serves as a paddle, in swimming, in paddling a boat, etc.

    As the men were paddling for their lives.


L'Estrange.

    While paddling ducks the standing lake desire.


Gay.

Pad"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paddling (?)]
1. To pat or stroke amorously, or gently.

    To be paddling palms and pinching fingers.


Shak.

2. To propel with, or as with, a paddle or paddles.

3. To pad; to tread upon; to trample. [Prov. Eng.]

Pad"dle, n. [See Paddle, v. i.] 1. An implement with a broad blade,
which is used without a fixed fulcrum in propelling and steering canoes
and boats.

2. The broad part of a paddle, with which the stroke is made; hence,
any short, broad blade, resembling that of a paddle.

    Thou shalt have a paddle upon thy weapon.


Deut. xxiii. 13.

3. One of the broad boards, or floats, at the circumference of a water
wheel, or paddle wheel.

4. A small gate in sluices or lock gates to admit or let off water; --
also called clough.

5. (Zoˆl.) A paddle-shaped foot, as of the sea turtle.

6. A paddle-shaped implement for stirring or mixing.

7. [In this sense prob. for older spaddle, a dim. of spade.] See Paddle
staff (b), below. [Prov. Eng.]

Paddle beam (Shipbuilding), one of two large timbers supporting the
spring beam and paddle box of a steam vessel. -- Paddle board. See
Paddle, n., 3. -- Paddle box, the structure inclosing the upper part of
the paddle wheel of a steam vessel. -- Paddle shaft, the revolving
shaft which carries the paddle wheel of a steam vessel. -- Paddle
staff. (a) A staff tipped with a broad blade, used by mole catchers.
[Prov. Eng.] (b) A long-handled spade used to clean a plowshare; --
called also plow staff. [Prov. Eng.] -- Paddle steamer, a steam vessel
propelled by paddle wheels, in distinction from a screw propeller. --
Paddle wheel, the propelling wheel of a steam vessel, having paddles
(or floats) on its circumference, and revolving in a vertical plane
parallel to the vessel's length.

Pad"dle*cock` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The lumpfish. [Prov. Eng.]

Pad"dle*fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl) A large ganoid fish (Polyodon spathula)
found in the rivers of the Mississippi Valley. It has a long
spatula-shaped snout. Called also duck-billed cat, and spoonbill
sturgeon.

Pad"dler (?), n. One who, or that which, paddles.

Pad"dle*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The light elastic wood of the Aspidosperma
excelsum, a tree of Guiana having a fluted trunk readily split into
planks.

Pad"dock (?), n. [OE. padde toad, frog + -ock; akin to D. pad, padde,
toad, Icel. & Sw. padda, Dan. padde.] (Zoˆl.) A toad or frog. Wyclif.
"Loathed paddocks." Spenser

Paddock pipe (Bot.), a hollow-stemmed plant of the genus Equisetum,
especially E. limosum and the fruiting stems of E. arvense; -- called
also padow pipe and toad pipe. See Equisetum. -- Paddock stone. See
Toadstone. -- Paddock stool (Bot.),a toadstool.

Pad"dock, n. [Corrupted fr. parrock. See Parrock.]

1. A small inclosure or park for sporting. [Obs.]

2. A small inclosure for pasture; esp., one adjoining a stable. Evelyn.
Cowper.

Pad"dy (?), a. [Prov. E. paddy worm-eaten.] Low; mean; boorish;
vagabond. "Such pady persons." Digges (1585). "The paddy persons."
Motley.

Pad"dy, n.; pl. Paddies (#). [Corrupted fr. St. Patrick, the tutelar
saint of Ireland.] A jocose or contemptuous name for an Irishman.

Pad"dy, n. [Either fr. Canarese bhatta or Malay pd.] (Bot.) Unhusked
rice; -- commonly so called in the East Indies.

Paddy bird. (Zoˆl.) See Java sparrow, under Java.

Pad`e*li"on (?), n. [F. pas de lionon's foot.] (Bot.) A plant with
pedately lobed leaves; the lady's mantle.

||Pa*del"la (?), n. [It., prop., a pan, a friing pan, fr. L. patella a
||pan.] A large cup or deep saucer, containing fatty matter in which a
||wick is placed, -- used for public illuminations, as at St. Peter's,
||in Rome. Called also padelle.

Pad`e*mel"on (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Wallaby.

Pad"e*soy` (?), n. See Paduasoy.

Padge, n. (Zoˆl.) The barn owl; -- called also pudge, and pudge owl.
[Prov. Eng.]

||Pa`di*shah" (?), n. [Per. pdishh. Cf. Pasha.] Chief ruler; monarch;
||sovereign; -- a title of the Sultan of Turkey, and of the Shah of
||Persia.

Pad"lock` (?), n. [Perh. orig., a lock for a pad gate, or a gate
opening to a path, or perh., a lock for a basket or pannier, and from
Prov. E. pad a pannier. Cf. Pad a path, Paddler.] 1. A portable lock
with a bow which is usually jointed or pivoted at one end so that it
can be opened, the other end being fastened by the bolt, -- used for
fastening by passing the bow through a staple over a hasp or through
the links of a chain, etc.

2. Fig.: A curb; a restraint.

Pad"lock`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Padlocked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Padlocking.] To fasten with, or as with, a padlock; to stop; to shut;
to confine as by a padlock. Milton. Tennyson.

Pad"nag` (?), n. [lst pad + nag.] An ambling nag. "An easy padnag."
Macaulay.

Pad"ow (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A paddock, or toad.

Padow pipe. (Bot.) See Paddock pipe, under Paddock.

||Pa*dro"ne (?), n.; pl. It. Padroni (#), E. Padrones. [It. See
||Patron.] 1. A patron; a protector.

2. The master of a small coaster in the Mediterranean.

3. A man who imports, and controls the earnings of, Italian laborers,
street musicians, etc.

Pad`u*a*soy" (?), n. [From Padua, in Italy + F. soie silk; or cf. F.
pou-de-soie.] A rich and heavy silk stuff. [Written also padesoy.]

Pa*du"cahs (p*d"kz), n. pl.; sing. Paducah (-k). (Ethnol.) See
Comanches.

PÊ"an (p`an), n. [L. paean, Gr. paia`n, fr. Paia`n the physician of the
gods, later, Apollo. Cf. PÊon, Peony.] [Written also pean.] 1. An
ancient Greek hymn in honor of Apollo as a healing deity, and, later, a
song addressed to other deities.

2. Any loud and joyous song; a song of triumph. Dryden. "Public pÊans
of congratulation." De Quincey.

3. See PÊon.

PÊ`do*bap"tism (p`d*bp"tz'm), n. Pedobaptism.

<! p. 1030 !>

PÊ`do*gen"esis (p`d*jn"*ss), n. [Gr. pai^s, paido`s, child + E.
genesis.] (Zoˆl.) Reproduction by young or larval animals.

PÊ`do*ge*net"ic (-j*nt"k), a. (Zoˆl.) Producing young while in the
immature or larval state; -- said of certain insects, etc.

PÊ"on (p"n), n. [L. paeon, Gr. paiw`n a solemn song, also, a pÊon,
equiv. to paia`n. See PÊan.] (Anc. Poet.) A foot of four syllables, one
long and three short, admitting of four combinations, according to the
place of the long syllable. [Written also, less correctly, pÊan.]

PÊ"o*nine (p"*nn), n. (Chem.) An artifical red nitrogenous dyestuff,
called also red coralline.

PÊ"o*ny (p"*n), n. (Bot.) See Peony.

Pa"gan (p"gan), n. [L. paganus a countryman, peasant, villager, a
pagan, fr. paganus of or pertaining to the country, rustic, also,
pagan, fr. pagus a district, canton, the country, perh. orig., a
district with fixed boundaries: cf. pangere to fasten. Cf. Painim,
Peasant, and Pact, also Heathen.] One who worships false gods; an
idolater; a heathen; one who is neither a Christian, a Mohammedan, nor
a Jew.

    Neither having the accent of Christians, nor the gait of Christian,
    pagan, nor man.


Shak.

Syn. -- Gentile; heathen; idolater. -- Pagan, Gentile, Heathen. Gentile
was applied to the other nations of the earth as distinguished from the
Jews. Pagan was the name given to idolaters in the early Christian
church, because the villagers, being most remote from the centers of
instruction, remained for a long time unconverted. Heathen has the same
origin. Pagan is now more properly applied to rude and uncivilized
idolaters, while heathen embraces all who practice idolatry.

Pa"gan, a. [L. paganus of or pertaining to the country, pagan. See
Pagan, n.] Of or pertaining to pagans; relating to the worship or the
worshipers of false goods; heathen; idolatrous, as, pagan tribes or
superstitions.

    And all the rites of pagan honor paid.


Dryden.

Pa"gan*dom (-dm), n. The pagan lands; pagans, collectively; paganism.
[R.]

{ Pa*gan"ic (p*gn"k), Pa*gan"ic*al (-*kal), } a. Of or pertaining to
pagans or paganism; heathenish; paganish. [R.] "The paganic fables of
the goods." Cudworth. -- Pa*gan"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.]

Pa"gan*ish (p"gan*sh), a. Of or pertaining to pagans; heathenish. "The
old paganish idolatry." Sharp

Pa"gan*ism (-z'm), n. [L. paganismus: cf. F. paganisme. See Pagan, and
cf. Painim.] The state of being pagan; pagan characteristics; esp., the
worship of idols or false gods, or the system of religious opinions and
worship maintained by pagans; heathenism.

Pa*gan"i*ty (p*gn"*t), n. [L. Paganitas.] The state of being a pagan;
paganism. [R.] Cudworth.

Pa"gan*ize (p"gan*z), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paganized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Paganizing (?).] To render pagan or heathenish; to convert to
paganism. Hallywell.

Pa"gan*ize, v. i. To behave like pagans. Milton.

Pa"gan*ly, adv. In a pagan manner. Dr. H. More.

Page (pj), n. [F., fr. It. paggio, LL. pagius, fr. Gr. paidi`on, dim.
of pai^s, paido`s, a boy, servant; perh. akin to L. puer. Cf.
Pedagogue, Puerile.] 1. A serving boy; formerly, a youth attending a
person of high degree, especially at courts, as a position of honor and
education; now commonly, in England, a youth employed for doing
errands, waiting on the door, and similar service in households; in the
United States, a boy employed to wait upon the members of a legislative
body.

    He had two pages of honor -- on either hand one.


Bacon.

2. A boy child. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. A contrivance, as a band, pin, snap, or the like, to hold the skirt
of a woman's dress from the ground.

4. (Brickmaking.) A track along which pallets carrying newly molded
bricks are conveyed to the hack.

5. (Zoˆl.) Any one of several species of beautiful South American moths
of the genus Urania.

Page, v. t. To attend (one) as a page. [Obs.] Shak.

Page, n. [F., fr. L. pagina; prob. akin to pagere, pangere, to fasten,
fix, make, the pages or leaves being fastened together. Cf. Pact,
Pageant, Pagination.]

1. One side of a leaf of a book or manuscript.

    Such was the book from whose pages she sang.


Longfellow.

2. Fig.: A record; a writing; as, the page of history.

3. (Print.) The type set up for printing a page.

Page, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paging (?).] To
mark or number the pages of, as a book or manuscript; to furnish with
folios.

Pag"eant (pj"ent or p"jent; 277), n. [OE. pagent, pagen, originally, a
movable scaffold or stage, hence, what was exhibited on it, fr. LL.
pagina, akin to pangere to fasten; cf. L. pagina page, leaf, slab,
compaginare to join together, compages a joining together, structure.
See Pact, Page of a book.]

1. A theatrical exhibition; a spectacle. "A pageant truly played."
Shak.

    To see sad pageants of men's miseries.


Spenser.

2. An elaborate exhibition devised for the entertainmeut of a
distinguished personage, or of the public; a show, spectacle, or
display.

    The gaze of fools, and pageant of a day !


Pope.

    We love the man, the paltry pageant you.


Cowper.

Pag"eant, a. Of the nature of a pageant; spectacular. "Pageant pomp."
Dryden.

Pag"eant, v. t. To exhibit in show; to represent; to mimic. [R.] "He
pageants us." Shak.

Pag"eant*ry (-r), n. Scenic shows or spectacles, taken collectively;
spectacular quality; splendor.

    Such pageantry be to the people shown.


Dryden.

    The pageantry of festival.


J. A. Symonds.

Syn. -- Pomp; parade; show; display; spectacle.

Page"hood (?), n. The state of being a page.

||Pag"i*na (?), n.; pl. PaginÊ (#). [L.] (Bot.) The surface of a leaf
||or of a flattened thallus.

Pag"i*nal (?), a. [L. paginalis.] Consisting of pages. "Paginal books."
Sir T. Browne.

Pag`i*na"tion (?), n. The act or process of paging a book; also, the
characters used in numbering the pages; page number. Lowndes.

Pa"ging (?), n. The marking or numbering of the pages of a book.

Pa"god (?), n. [Cf. F. pagode. See Pagoda.] 1. A pagoda. [R.] "Or some
queer pagod." Pope.

2. An idol. [Obs.] Bp. Stillingfleet.

Pa*go"da (?), n. [Pg. pagoda, pagode, fr.Hind. & Per. but-kadah a house
of idols, or abode of God; Per. but an idol + kadah a house, a temple.]
1. A term by which Europeans designate religious temples and tower-like
buildings of the Hindoos and Buddhists of India, Farther India, China,
and Japan, -- usually but not always, devoted to idol worship.

2. An idol. [R.] Brande & C.

3. [Prob. so named from the image of a pagoda or a deity (cf. Skr.
bhagavat holy, divine) stamped on it.] A gold or silver coin, of
various kinds and values, formerly current in India. The Madras gold
pagoda was worth about three and a half rupees.

Pa*go"dite (?), n. (Min.) Agalmatolite; -- so called because sometimes
carved by the Chinese into the form of pagodas. See Agalmatolite.

||Pa*gu"ma (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any one of several species of East Indian
||viverrine mammals of the genus Paguma. They resemble a weasel in
||form.

Pa*gu"ri*an (?), n. [L. pagurus a kind of crab, Gr. &?;.] (Zoˆl.) Any
one of a tribe of anomuran crustaceans, of which Pagurus is a type; the
hermit crab. See Hermit crab, under Hermit.

Pah (?), interj. An exclamation expressing disgust or contempt. See
Bah.

    Fie! fie! fie! pah! pah! Give me an ounce of civet, good
    apothecary, to sweeten my imagination.


Shak.

||Pah (?), n. [From native name.] A kind of stockaded intrenchment.
||[New Zealand.] Farrow.

Pa"hi (?), n. (Naut.) A large war canoe of the Society Islands.

Pah"le*vi (?), n. Same as Pehlevi.

||Pa*ho"e*ho`e (?), n. (Min.) A name given in the Sandwich Islands to
||lava having a relatively smooth surface, in distinction from the
||rough-surfaced lava, called a-a.

Pah"*Utes` (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) See Utes.

Paid (?), imp., p. p., & a. of Pay. 1. Receiving pay; compensated;
hired; as, a paid attorney.

2. Satisfied; contented. [Obs.] "Paid of his poverty." Chaucer.

Pai*deu"tics (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to teach, fr. &?;,&?;, a boy.]
The science or art of teaching.

Pai"en (?), n. & a. Pagan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pai"gle (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) A species of Primula,
either the cowslip or the primrose. [Written also pagle, pagil, peagle,
and pygil.]

||Pai*ja"ma (?), n. Pyjama.

Pail (?), n. [OE. paile, AS. pÊgel a wine vessel, a pail, akin to D. &
G. pegel a watermark, a gauge rod, a measure of wine, Dan. pÊgel half a
pint.] A vessel of wood or tin, etc., usually cylindrical and having a
bail, -- used esp. for carrying liquids, as water or milk, etc.; a
bucket. It may, or may not, have a cover. Shak.

Pail"ful (?), n.; pl. Pailfuls (&?;). The quantity that a pail will
hold. "By pailfuls." Shak.

Pail*lasse" (?; F. &?;), n. [F., fr. paille straw. See Pallet a bed.]
An under bed or mattress of straw. [Written also palliasse.]

Pail`mall" (?), n. & a. See Pall-mall. [Obs.]

Pain (?), n. [OE. peine, F. peine, fr. L. poena, penalty, punishment,
torment, pain; akin to Gr. &?; penalty. Cf. Penal, Pine to languish,
Punish.] 1. Punishment suffered or denounced; suffering or evil
inflicted as a punishment for crime, or connected with the commission
of a crime; penalty. Chaucer.

    We will, by way of mulct or pain, lay it upon him.


Bacon.

    Interpose, on pain of my displeasure.


Dryden.

    None shall presume to fly, under pain of death.


Addison.

2. Any uneasy sensation in animal bodies, from slight uneasiness to
extreme distress or torture, proceeding from a derangement of
functions, disease, or injury by violence; bodily distress; bodily
suffering; an ache; a smart. "The pain of Jesus Christ." Chaucer.

Pain may occur in any part of the body where sensory nerves are
distributed, and it is always due to some kind of stimulation of them.
The sensation is generally referred to the peripheral end of the nerve.

3. pl. Specifically, the throes or travail of childbirth.

    She bowed herself and travailed, for her pains came upon her.


1 Sam. iv. 19.

4. Uneasiness of mind; mental distress; disquietude; anxiety; grief;
solicitude; anguish. Chaucer.

    In rapture as in pain.


Keble.

5. See Pains, labor, effort.

Bill of pains and penalties. See under Bill. -- To die in the pain, to
be tortured to death. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paining.] [OE.
peinen, OF. pener, F. peiner to fatigue. See Pain, n.] 1. To inflict
suffering upon as a penalty; to punish. [Obs.] Wyclif (Acts xxii. 5).

2. To put to bodily uneasiness or anguish; to afflict with uneasy
sensations of any degree of intensity; to torment; to torture; as, his
dinner or his wound pained him; his stomach pained him.

    Excess of cold, as well as heat, pains us.


Locke.

3. To render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to distress; to grieve; as a
child's faults pain his parents.

    I am pained at my very heart.


Jer. iv. 19.

To pain one's self, to exert or trouble one's self; to take pains; to
be solicitous. [Obs.] "She pained her to do all that she might."
Chaucer.

Syn. -- To disquiet; trouble; afflict; grieve; aggrieve; distress;
agonize; torment; torture.

Pain"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈnible.] Causing pain; painful. [Obs.]

    The manacles of Astyages were not . . . the less weighty and
    painable for being composed of gold or silver.


Evelyn.

Pain"ful (?), a. 1. Full of pain; causing uneasiness or distress,
either physical or mental; afflictive; disquieting; distressing.
Addison.

2. Requiring labor or toil; difficult; executed with laborious effort;
as a painful service; a painful march.

3. Painstaking; careful; industrious. [Obs.] Fuller.

    A very painful person, and a great clerk.


Jer. Taylor.

    Nor must the painful husbandman be tired.


Dryden.

Syn. -- Disquieting; troublesome; afflictive; distressing; grievous;
laborious; toilsome; difficult; arduous.

-- Pain"ful*ly, adv. -- Pain"ful*ness, n.

Pai"nim (?), n.[OE. painime pagans, paganism, fr. OF. paienisme
paganism, LL. paganismus. See Paganism, Pagan.] A pagan; an infidel; --
used also adjectively. [Written also panim and paynim.] Peacham.

Pain"less (?), a. Free from pain; without pain. -- Pain"less*ly, adv. -
- Pain"less*ness, n.

Pains (?), n.Labor; toilsome effort; care or trouble taken; -- plural
in form, but used with a singular or plural verb, commonly the former.

    And all my pains is sorted to no proof.


Shak.

    The pains they had taken was very great.


Clarendon.

    The labored earth your pains have sowed and tilled.


Dryden.

Pains"tak`er (?), n. One who takes pains; one careful and faithful in
all work. Gay.

Pains"tak`ing, a. Careful in doing; diligent; faithful; attentive.
"Painstaking men." Harris.

Pains"tak`ing, n. The act of taking pains; carefulness and fidelity in
performance. Beau. & Fl.

Pains"wor`thy (?), a. Worth the pains or care bestowed.

Paint (pnt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Painted; p. pr. & vb. n. Painting.]
[OE. peinten, fr. F. peint, p. p. of peindre to paint, fr. L. pingere,
pictum; cf. Gr. poiki`los many-colored, Skr. piÁ to adorn. Cf. Depict,
Picture, Pigment, Pint.] 1. To cover with coloring matter; to apply
paint to; as, to paint a house, a signboard, etc.

    Jezebel painted her face and tired her head.


2 Kings ix. 30.

2. Fig.: To color, stain, or tinge; to adorn or beautify with colors;
to diversify with colors.

    Not painted with the crimson spots of blood.


Shak.

    Cuckoo buds of yellow hue Do paint the meadows with delight.


Shak.

3. To form in colors a figure or likeness of on a flat surface, as upon
canvas; to represent by means of colors or hues; to exhibit in a tinted
image; to portray with paints; as, to paint a portrait or a landscape.

4. Fig.: To represent or exhibit to the mind; to describe vividly; to
delineate; to image; to depict.

    Disloyal? The word is too good to paint out her wickedness.


Shak.

    If folly grow romantic, I must paint it.


Pope.

Syn. -- To color; picture; depict; portray; delineate; sketch; draw;
describe.

Paint, v. t. 1. To practice the art of painting; as, the artist paints
well.

2. To color one's face by way of beautifying it.

    Let her paint an inch thick.


Shak.

Paint, n. 1. (a) A pigment or coloring substance. (b) The same prepared
with a vehicle, as oil, water with gum, or the like, for application to
a surface.

2. A cosmetic; rouge. Praed.

Paint"ed, a. 1. Covered or adorned with paint; portrayed in colors.

    As idle as a painted ship Upon a painted ocean.


Coleridge.

2. (Nat. Hist.) Marked with bright colors; as, the painted turtle;
painted bunting.

Painted beauty (Zoˆl.), a handsome American butterfly (Vanessa
Huntera), having a variety of bright colors, -- Painted cup (Bot.), any
plant of an American genus of herbs (Castilleia) in which the bracts
are usually bright-colored and more showy than the flowers. Castilleia
coccinea has brilliantly scarlet bracts, and is common in meadows. --
Painted finch. See Nonpareil. -- Painted lady (Zoˆl.), a bright-colored
butterfly. See Thistle butterfly. -- Painted turtle (Zoˆl.), a common
American freshwater tortoise (Chrysemys picta), having bright red and
yellow markings beneath.

Paint"er (pnt"r), n. [OE, pantere a noose, snare, F. pantiËre, LL.
panthera, L. panther a hunting net, fr. Gr. panqh`ra; pa^s all + qh`r
beast; cf. Ir. painteir a net, gin, snare, Gael. painntear.] (Naut.) A
rope at the bow of a boat, used to fasten it to anything. Totten.

Paint"er, n. [Corrupt. of panther.] (Zoˆl.) The panther, or puma. [A
form representing an illiterate pronunciation, U. S.] J. F. Cooper.

Paint"er, n. [See lst Paint.] One whose occupation is to paint; esp.:
(a) One who covers buildings, ships, ironwork, and the like, with
paint. (b) An artist who represents objects or scenes in color on a
flat surface, as canvas, plaster, or the like.

Painter's colic. (Med.) See Lead colic, under Colic. -- Painter
stainer. (a) A painter of coats of arms. Crabb. (b) A member of a
livery company or guild in London, bearing this name.

<! p. 1031 !>

Paint"er*ly (?), a. Like a painter's work. [Obs.] "A painterly glose of
a visage." Sir P. Sidney.

Paint"er*ship, n. The state or position of being a painter. [R.] Br.
Gardiner.

Paint"ing, n. 1. The act or employment of laying on, or adorning with,
paints or colors.

2. (Fine Arts) The work of the painter; also, any work of art in which
objects are represented in color on a flat surface; a colored
representation of any object or scene; a picture.

3. Color laid on; paint. [R.] Shak.

4. A depicting by words; vivid representation in words.

Syn. -- See Picture.

Paint"less, a. Not capable of being painted or described. "In paintless
patience." Savage.

Pain"ture (?), n. [F. peinture. See Paint, v. t., and cf. Picture.] The
art of painting. [Obs.] Chaucer. Dryden.

Paint"y (?), a. Unskillfully painted, so that the painter's method of
work is too obvious; also, having too much pigment applied to the
surface. [Cant]

Pair (?), n. [F. paire, LL. paria, L. paria, pl. of par pair, fr. par,
adj., equal. Cf. Apparel, Par equality, Peer an equal.]

1. A number of things resembling one another, or belonging together; a
set; as, a pair or flight of stairs. "A pair of beads." Chaucer. Beau.
& Fl. "Four pair of stairs." Macaulay. [Now mostly or quite disused,
except as to stairs.]

    Two crowns in my pocket, two pair of cards.


Beau. & Fl.

2. Two things of a kind, similar in form, suited to each other, and
intended to be used together; as, a pair of gloves or stockings; a pair
of shoes.

3. Two of a sort; a span; a yoke; a couple; a brace; as, a pair of
horses; a pair of oxen.

4. A married couple; a man and wife. "A happy pair." Dryden. "The
hapless pair." Milton.

5. A single thing, composed of two pieces fitted to each other and used
together; as, a pair of scissors; a pair of tongs; a pair of bellows.

6. Two members of opposite parties or opinion, as in a parliamentary
body, who mutually agree not to vote on a given question, or on issues
of a party nature during a specified time; as, there were two pairs on
the final vote. [Parliamentary Cant]

7. (Kinematics) In a mechanism, two elements, or bodies, which are so
applied to each other as to mutually constrain relative motion.

Pairs are named in accordance with the kind of motion they permit;
thus, a journal and its bearing form a turning pair, a cylinder and its
piston a sliding pair, a screw and its nut a twisting pair, etc. Any
pair in which the constraining contact is along lines or at points only
(as a cam and roller acting together), is designated a higher pair; any
pair having constraining surfaces which fit each other (as a
cylindrical pin and eye, a screw and its nut, etc.), is called a lower
pair.

Pair royal (pl. Pairs Royal) three things of a sort; -- used especially
of playing cards in some games, as cribbage; as three kings, three
"eight spots" etc. Four of a kind are called a double pair royal.
"Something in his face gave me as much pleasure as a pair royal of
naturals in my own hand." Goldsmith. "That great pair royal of
adamantine sisters [the Fates]." Quarles. [Written corruptly parial and
prial.]

Syn. -- Pair, Flight, Set. Originally, pair was not confined to two
things, but was applied to any number of equal things (pares), that go
together. Ben Jonson speaks of a pair (set) of chessmen; also, he and
Lord Bacon speak of a pair (pack) of cards. A "pair of stairs" is still
in popular use, as well as the later expression, "flight of stairs."

Pair, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pairing.] 1. To
be joined in paris; to couple; to mate, as for breeding.

2. To suit; to fit, as a counterpart.

    My heart was made to fit and pair with thine.


Rowe.

3. Same as To pair off. See phrase below.

To pair off, to separate from a company in pairs or couples; specif.
(Parliamentary Cant), to agree with one of the opposite party or
opinion to abstain from voting on specified questions or issues. See
Pair, n., 6.

Pair, v. t. 1. To unite in couples; to form a pair of; to bring
together, as things which belong together, or which complement, or are
adapted to one another.

    Glossy jet is paired with shining white.


Pope.

2. To engage (one's self) with another of opposite opinions not to vote
on a particular question or class of questions. [Parliamentary Cant]

Paired fins. (Zoˆl.) See under Fin.

Pair, v. t. [See Impair.] To impair. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pair"er (?), n. One who impairs. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Pair"ing, n. [See Pair, v. i.] 1. The act or process of uniting or
arranging in pairs or couples.

2. See To pair off, under Pair, v. i.

Pairyng time, the time when birds or other animals pair.

Pair"ment (?), n. Impairment. [Obs.] Wyclif.

||Pa`is (?), n. [OF. puÔs, F. pays, country.] (O. E. Law) The country;
||the people of the neighborhood.

A trial per pais is a trial by the country, that is, by a jury; and
matter in pais is matter triable by the country, or jury.

||Pa`i*sa"no (?), n. [Sp., of the country, &?;ative.] (Zoˆl.) The
||chaparral cock.

Paise (?), n. [Obs.] See Poise. Chapman.

Pa"jock (?), n. A peacock. [Obs.] Shak.

Pak"fong` (?), n. See Packfong.

Pal (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A mate; a partner; esp., an accomplice
or confederate. [Slang]

Pal"ace (?), n. [OE. palais, F. palais, fr. L. palatium, fr. Palatium,
one of the seven hills of Rome, &?; which Augustus had his residence.
Cf. Paladin.]

1. The residence of a sovereign, including the lodgings of high
officers of state, and rooms for business, as well as halls for
ceremony and reception. Chaucer.

2. The official residence of a bishop or other distinguished personage.

3. Loosely, any unusually magnificent or stately house.

Palace car. See under Car. -- Palace court, a court having jurisdiction
of personal actions arising within twelve miles of the palace at
Whitehall. The court was abolished in 1849. [Eng.] Mozley & W.

Pa*la"cious (?), a. Palatial. [Obs.] Graunt.

Pal"a*din (?), n. [F., fr.It. paladino, fr. L. palatinus an officer of
the palace. See Palatine.] A knight-errant; a distinguished champion;
as, the paladins of Charlemagne. Sir W. Scott.

Pa"lÊ*o- (?). See Paleo-.

Pa`lÊ*og"ra*pher (?), n., Pa`lÊ*o*graph"ic (&?;), a., etc. See
Paleographer, Paleographic, etc.

Pa"lÊ*o*type (?), n. [PalÊo- + -type.] (Phon.) A system of representing
all spoken sounds by means of the printing types in common use. Ellis.
-- Pa`lÊ*o*typ"ic*al (#), a. -- Pa`lÊ*o*typ"ic*al*ly, adv.

||Pa*lÊs"tra (?), n. See Palestra.

Pa*lÊs"tric (?), a. See Palestric.

Pa*lÊ`ti*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in palÊtiology.

Pa*lÊ`ti*ol"o*gy (?), n. [PalÊo- + Êtiology.] The science which
explains, by the law of causation, the past condition and changes of
the earth. -- Pa*lÊ`ti*o*log"ic*al (#), a.

||Pal"a*ma (?), n.; pl. Palamme (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the palm.]
||(Zoˆl.) A membrane extending between the toes of a bird, and uniting
||them more or less closely together.

||Pal`a*me"de*Ê (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) An order, or suborder,
||including the kamichi, and allied South American birds; -- called
||also screamers. In many anatomical characters they are allied to the
||Anseres, but they externally resemble the wading birds.

Pal`am*pore" (?), n. See Palempore.

||Pa*lan"ka (?), n. [Cf. It., Pg., & Sp. palanca, fr.L. palanga,
||phalanga a pole, Gr.&?; ] (Mil.) A camp permanently intrenched,
||attached to Turkish frontier fortresses.

Pal`an*quin" (?), n. [F. palanquin, Pg. palanquim, Javan. palangki,
OJavan. palangkan, through Prakrit fr. Skr. parya&?;ka, palya&?;ka,
bed, couch; pari around (akin to E. pref. peri-) + a&?;ka a hook,
flank, probably akin to E. angle fishing tackle. Cf. Palkee.] An
inclosed carriage or litter, commonly about eight feet long, four feet
wide, and four feet high, borne on the shoulders of men by means of two
projecting poles, -- used in India, China, etc., for the conveyance of
a single person from place to place. [Written also palankeen.]

Pa*lap"te*ryx (?), n. [Paleo- + apteryx.] (Paleon.) A large extinct
ostrichlike bird of New Zealand.

Pal`a*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. Palatableness.

Pal"a*ta*ble (?), a. [From Palate.] Agreeable to the palate or taste;
savory; hence, acceptable; pleasing; as, palatable food; palatable
advice.

Pal"a*ta*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being agreeable to the
taste; relish; acceptableness.

Pal"a*ta*bly, adv. In a palatable manner.

Pal"a*tal (?), a. [Cf. F. palatal.] 1. Of or pertaining to the palate;
palatine; as, the palatal bones.

2. (Phonetics) Uttered by the aid of the palate; -- said of certain
sounds, as the sound of k in kirk.

Pal"a*tal, n. (Phon.) A sound uttered, or a letter pronounced, by the
aid of the palate, as the letters k and y.

Pal"a*tal*ize (?), v. t. (Phon.) To palatize.

Pal"ate (?), n. [L. palatum: cf. F. palais, Of. also palat.] 1. (Anat.)
The roof of the mouth.

The fixed portion, or palate proper, supported by the maxillary and
palatine bones, is called the hard palate to distinguish it from the
membranous and muscular curtain which separates the cavity of the mouth
from the pharynx and is called the soft palate, or velum.

2. Relish; taste; liking; -- a sense originating in the mistaken notion
that the palate is the organ of taste.

    Hard task! to hit the palate of such guests.


Pope.

3. Fig.: Mental relish; intellectual taste. T. Baker.

4. (Bot.) A projection in the throat of such flowers as the snapdragon.

Pal"ate, v. t. To perceive by the taste. [Obs.] Shak.

Pa*la"tial (?), a. [L. palatium palace. See Palace.] Of or pertaining
to a palace; suitable for a palace; resembling a palace; royal;
magnificent; as, palatial structures. "Palatial style." A. Drummond.

Pa*la"tial, a. [From Palate.] (Anat.) Palatal; palatine. [Obs.] Barrow.

Pa*la"tial, n. A palatal letter. [Obs.] Sir W. Jones.

Pa*lat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Palatal; palatine.

Pa*lat"ic, n. (Phon.) A palatal. [R.]

Pa*lat"i*nate (?), n. [F. palatinat. See Palatine.] The province or
seigniory of a palatine; the dignity of a palatine. Howell.

Pa*lat"i*nate (?), v. t. To make a palatinate of. [Obs.] Fuller.

Pal"a*tine (?), a. [F. palatin, L. palatinus, fr. palatium. See Palace,
and cf. Paladin.] Of or pertaining to a palace, or to a high officer of
a palace; hence, possessing royal privileges.

Count palatine, County palatine. See under Count, and County. --
Palatine hill, or The palatine, one of the seven hills of Rome, once
occupied by the palace of the CÊsars. See Palace.

Pal"a*tine (?), n. 1. One invested with royal privileges and rights
within his domains; a count palatine. See Count palatine, under 4th
Count.

2. The Palatine hill in Rome.

Pal"a*tine, a. [From Palate.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the palate.

Palatine bones (Anat.), a pair of bones (often united in the adult) in
the root of the mouth, back of and between the maxillaries.

Pal"a*tine n. (Anat.) A palatine bone.

Pal"a*tive (?), a. Pleasing to the taste; palatable. [Obs.] "Palative
delights." Sir T. Browne.

Pal"a*tize (?), v. t. To modify, as the tones of the voice, by means of
the palate; as, to palatize a letter or sound. -- Pal`a*ti*za"tion (#),
n. J. Peile.

Pal"a*to- (?). [From Palate.] A combining form used in anatomy to
indicate relation to, or connection with, the palate; as in
palatolingual.

||Pal`a*to*na"res (?), n. pl. [NL. See Palato-, and Nares.] (Anat.) The
||posterior nares. See Nares.

Pal`a*top*ter"y*goid (?), a. [Palato-  + pterygoid.] (Anat.) Pertaining
to the palatine and pterygoid region of the skull; as, the
palatopterygoid cartilage, or rod, from which the palatine and
pterygoid bones are developed.

Pa*la"ver (?), n. [Sp. palabra, or Pg. palavra, fr. L. parabola a
comparison, a parable, LL., a word. See Parable.]

1. Talk; conversation; esp., idle or beguiling talk; talk intended to
deceive; flattery.

2. In Africa, a parley with the natives; a talk; hence, a public
conference and deliberation; a debate.

    This epoch of parliaments and eloquent palavers.


Carlyle.

Pa*la"ver, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Palavered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Palavering.] To make palaver with, or to; to used palaver;to talk idly
or deceitfully; to employ flattery; to cajole; as, to palaver artfully.

    Palavering the little language for her benefit.


C. Bront&?;

Pa*la"ver*er (?), n. One who palavers; a flatterer.

Pale (?), a. [Compar. Paler (?); superl. Palest.] [F. p‚le, fr. p‚lir
to turn pale, L. pallere to be o&?; look pale. Cf. Appall, Fallow,
pall, v. i., Pallid.]

1. Wanting in color; not ruddy; dusky white; pallid; wan; as, a pale
face; a pale red; a pale blue. "Pale as a forpined ghost." Chaucer.

    Speechless he stood and pale.


Milton.

    They are not of complexion red or pale.


T. Randolph.

2. Not bright or brilliant; of a faint luster or hue; dim; as, the pale
light of the moon.

    The night, methinks, is but the daylight sick; It looks a little
    paler.


Shak.

Pale is often used in the formation of self- explaining compounds; as,
pale-colored, pale-eyed, pale-faced, pale-looking, etc.

Pale, n. Paleness; pallor. [R.] Shak.

Pale, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paling.] To turn
pale; to lose color or luster. Whittier.

    Apt to pale at a trodden worm.


Mrs. Browning.

Pale, v. t. To make pale; to diminish the brightness of.

    The glow&?;worm shows the matin to be near, And gins to pale his
    uneffectual fire.


Shak.

Pale, n. [F. pal, fr. L. palus: cf. D. paal. See Pol&?; a stake, and
lst Pallet.] 1. A pointed stake or slat, either driven into the ground,
or fastened to a rail at the top and bottom, for fencing or inclosing;
a picket.

    Deer creep through when a pale tumbles down.


Mortimer.

2. That which incloses or fences in; a boundary; a limit; a fence; a
palisade. "Within one pale or hedge." Robynson (More's Utopia).

3. A space or field having bounds or limits; a limited region or place;
an inclosure; -- often used figuratively. "To walk the studious
cloister's pale." Milton. "Out of the pale of civilization." Macaulay.

4. A stripe or band, as on a garment. Chaucer.

5. (Her.) One of the greater ordinaries, being a broad perpendicular
stripe in an escutcheon, equally distant from the two edges, and
occupying one third of it.

6. A cheese scoop. Simmonds.

7. (Shipbuilding) A shore for bracing a timber before it is fastened.

English pale (Hist.), the limits or territory within which alone the
English conquerors of Ireland held dominion for a long period after
their invasion of the country in 1172. Spencer.

Pale, v. t. To inclose with pales, or as with pales; to encircle; to
encompass; to fence off.

    [Your isle, which stands] ribbed and paled in With rocks unscalable
    and roaring waters.


Shak.

||Pa"le*a (?), n.; pl. PaleÊ (-). [L., chaff.]

1. (Bot.) (a) The interior chaff or husk of grasses. (b) One of the
chaffy scales or bractlets growing on the receptacle of many compound
flowers, as the Coreopsis, the sunflower, etc.

2. (Zoˆl.) A pendulous process of the skin on the throat of a bird, as
in the turkey; a dewlap.

Pa`le*a"ceous (?), a. [L. palea chaff.] (Bot.) Chaffy; resembling or
consisting of paleÊ, or chaff; furnished with chaff; as, a paleaceous
receptacle.

Pa`le*arc"tic (?), a. [Paleo- + arctic.] Belonging to a region of the
earth's surface which includes all Europe to the Azores, Iceland, and
all temperate Asia.

Paled (?), a. [See 5th Pale.] 1. Striped. [Obs.] "[Buskins] . . . paled
part per part." Spenser.

2. Inclosed with a paling. "A paled green." Spenser.

||Pa`le*Îch`i*noi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and Echinoidea.]
||(Zoˆl.) An extinct order of sea urchins found in the Paleozoic rocks.
||They had more than twenty vertical rows of plates. Called also
||PalÊechini. [Written also PalÊechinoidea.]

<! p. 1032 !>

Pale"face` (?), n. A white person; -- an appellation supposed to have
been applied to the whites by the American Indians. J. F. Cooper.

||Pa`le*ich"thy*es (?), n. pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and Ichthyology.]
||(Zoˆl.) A comprehensive division of fishes which includes the
||elasmobranchs and ganoids. [Written also PalÊichthyes.]

Pale"ly (?), adv. [From Pale, a.] In a pale manner; dimly; wanly; not
freshly or ruddily. Thackeray.

Pal`em*pore" (?), n. A superior kind of dimity made in India, -- used
for bed coverings. [Written also palampore, palampoor, etc.] De
Colange.

Pale"ness (?), n. The quality or condition of being pale; want of
freshness or ruddiness; a sickly whiteness; lack of color or luster;
wanness.

    The blood the virgin's cheek forsook; A livid paleness spreads o'er
    all her look.


Pope.

Pa*len"que (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) A collective name for the Indians of
Nicaragua and Honduras.

Pa"le*o- (?). [Gr. &?;, adj.] A combining form meaning old, ancient;
as, palearctic, paleontology, paleothere, paleography. [Written also
palÊo-.]

Pa`le*o*bot"a*nist (?), n. One versed in paleobotany.

Pa`le*o*bot"a*ny (?), n. [Paleo- + botany.] That branch of paleontology
which treats of fossil plants.

||Pa`le*o*car"ida (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; ancient + &?;, &?;,
||&?;, a kind of crustacean.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Merostomata. [Written
||also PalÊocarida.]

||Pa`le*o*cri*noi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and Crinoidea.]
||(Zoˆl.) A suborder of Crinoidea found chiefly in the Paleozoic rocks.

Pa`le*o*crys"tic (?), a. [Paleo- + Gr. &?; ice.] Of, pertaining to, or
derived from, a former glacial formation.

Pa`le*o*gÊ"an (?), a. [Paleo-  + Gr. &?; the eart] (Zoˆl.) Of or
pertaining to the Eastern hemisphere. [Written also palÊogÊan.]

Pa"le*o*graph (?), n. An ancient manuscript.

Pa`le*og"ra*pher (?), n. One skilled in paleography; a paleographist.

{ Pa`le*o*graph"ic (?), Pa`le*o*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F.
palÈographique.] Of or pertaining to paleography.

Pa`le*og"ra*phist (?), n. One versed in paleography; a paleographer.

Pa`le*og"ra*phy, n. [Paleo- + -graphy: cf. F. palÈographie.] 1. An
ancient manner of writing; ancient writings, collectively; as, Punic
paleography.

2. The study of ancient inscriptions and modes of writing; the art or
science of deciphering ancient writings, and determining their origin,
period, etc., from external characters; diplomatics.

||Pa*le"o*la (?), n.; pl. PaleolÊ (#). [NL., dim. of L. palea.] (Bot.)
||A diminutive or secondary palea; a lodicule.

Pa"le*o*lith (?), n. [Paleo- + -lith.] (Geol.) A relic of the
Paleolithic era.

Pa`le*o*lith"ic (?), a. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to an era marked by
early stone implements. The Paleolithic era (as proposed by Lubbock)
includes the earlier half of the "Stone Age;" the remains belonging to
it are for the most part of extinct animals, with relics of human
beings.

Pa`le*ol"ogist (?), n. One versed in paleology; a student of antiquity.

Pa`le*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + -logy.] The study or knowledge of
antiquities, esp. of prehistoric antiquities; a discourse or treatise
on antiquities; archÊology .

Pa`le*on`to*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the description of
fossil remains.

Pa`le*on*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Paleo-  + Gr. &?; existing things +
-graphy.] The description of fossil remains.

Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to paleontology. --
Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Pa`le*on*tol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. palÈontologiste.] One versed in
paleontology.

Pa`le*on*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + Gr. &?; existing things + -logy.
Cf. Ontology.] The science which treats of the ancient life of the
earth, or of fossils which are the remains of such life.

Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gist (?), n. A paleobotanist.

Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo-  + phytology.] Paleobotany.

Pa`le*or`ni*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo-  + ornithology.] The branch of
paleontology which treats of fossil birds.

Pa`le*o*sau"rus (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; ancient + &?; a lizard.]
(Paleon.) A genus of fossil saurians found in the Permian formation.

Pa`le*o*tech"nic (?), a. [Paleo- + technic.] Belonging to, or connected
with, ancient art. "The paleotechnic men of central France." D. Wilson.

Pa"le*o*there (?), n. [F. palÈothËre.] (Paleon.) Any species of
Paleotherium.

Pa`le*o*the"ri*an (?), a. [F. palÈothÈrien.] (Paleon.) Of or pertaining
to Paleotherium.

||Pa`le*o*the"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; ancient + &?; beast.]
||(Paleon.) An extinct genus of herbivorous Tertiary mammals, once
||supposed to have resembled the tapir in form, but now known to have
||had a more slender form, with a long neck like that of a llama.
||[Written also PalÊotherium.]

Pa`le*o*the"roid (?), [Paleothere + -oid.] (Paleon.) Resembling
Paleotherium. -- n. An animal resembling, or allied to, the paleothere.

Pa"le*o*type (?), n. See PalÊotype.

Pa"le*ous (?), a. [L. palea chaff.] Chaffy; like chaff; paleaceous.
[R.] Sir T. Browne.

Pa`le*o*zo"ic (?), a. [Paleo- + Gr. &?; life, fr. &?; to live.] (Geol.)
Of or pertaining to, or designating, the older division of geological
time during which life is known to have existed, including the
Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous ages, and also to the life or
rocks of those ages. See Chart of Geology.

Pa`le*o*zo*ˆl"o*gy (?), n. (Geol.) The Paleozoic time or strata.

Pa`le*o*zo*ˆ"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + zoˆlogy.] The science of extinct
animals, a branch of paleontology.

{ Pale"sie (?), Pale"sy }, n. Palsy. [Obs.] Wyclif.

{ Pal`es*tin"i*an (?), Pal`es*tin"e*an (?), } a. Of or pertaining to
Palestine.

Pa*les"tra (?), n.; pl. L. PalestrÊ (#), E. Palestras (#). [NL., fr. L.
palaestra, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to wrestle.] [Written also palÊstra.]
(Antiq.) (a) A wrestling school; hence, a gymnasium, or place for
athletic exercise in general. (b) A wrestling; the exercise of
wrestling.

{ Pa*les"tri*an (?), Pa*les"tric (?), Pa*les"tric*al (?), } a. [L.
palaestricus, Gr. &?;] Of or pertaining to the palestra, or to
wrestling.

Pal"et (?), n. [See Palea.] (Bot.) Same as Palea.

||Pal"e*tot (?), n. [F. paletot, OF. palletoc, prob. fr. L. palla (see
||Palla) + F. toque cap, and so lit., a frock with a cap or hood; cf.
||Sp. paletoque.] (a) An overcoat. Dickens. (b) A lady's outer garment,
||-- of varying fashion.

Pal"ette (?), n. [See Pallet a thin board.]

1. (Paint.) A thin, oval or square board, or tablet, with a thumb hole
at one end for holding it, on which a painter lays and mixes his
pigments. [Written also pallet.]

2. (Anc. Armor) One of the plates covering the points of junction at
the bend of the shoulders and elbows. Fairholt.

3. (Mech.) A breastplate for a breast drill.

Palette knife, a knife with a very flexible steel blade and no cutting
edge, rounded at the end, used by painters to mix colors on the
grinding slab or palette. -- To set the palette (Paint.), to lay upon
it the required pigments in a certain order, according to the intended
use of them in a picture. Fairholt.

Pale"wise` (?), adv. (Her.) In the manner of a pale or pales; by
perpendicular lines or divisions; as, to divide an escutcheon palewise.

Pal"frey (?), n. [OE. palefrai, OF. palefrei, F. palefroi, LL.
palafredus, parafredus, from L. paraveredus a horse for extraordinary
occasions, an extra post horse; Gr. &?; along, beside + L. veredus a
post horse.]

1. A saddle horse for the road, or for state occasions, as
distinguished from a war horse. Chaucer.

2. A small saddle horse for ladies. Spenser.

    Call the host and bid him bring Charger and palfrey.


Tennyson.

Pal"freyed (?), a. Mounted on a palfrey. Tickell.

Pal"grave (?), n. See Palsgrave.

||Pa"li (?), n., pl. of Palus.

Pa"li (?), n. [Ceylonese, fr. Skr. pli row, line, series, applied to
the series of Buddhist sacred texts.] A dialect descended from
Sanskrit, and like that, a dead language, except when used as the
sacred language of the Buddhist religion in Farther India, etc.

Pal`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. palus a stake + -ficare (in comp.) to
make: cf. F. palification. See -fy.] The act or practice of driving
piles or posts into the ground to make it firm. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

Pa"li*form (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Resembling a palus; as, the paliform lobes
of the septa in corals.

Pa*lil"o*gy (?), n. [L. palilogia, Gr. &?;; &?; again + &?; to speak.]
(Rhet.) The repetition of a word, or part of a sentence, for the sake
of greater emphasis; as, "The living, the living, he shall praise
thee." Is. xxxviii. 19.

Pal"imp*sest (?), n. [L. palimpsestus, Gr. &?; scratched or scraped
again, &?; a palimpsest; &?; again + &?; to rub, rub away: cf. F.
palimpseste.] A parchment which has been written upon twice, the first
writing having been erased to make place for the second. Longfellow.

Pal"in*drome (?), n. [Gr. &?; running back again; &?; again + &?; to
run: cf. F. palindrome.] A word, verse, or sentence, that is the same
when read backward or forward; as, madam; Hannah; or Lewd did I live, &
evil I did dwel.

{ Pal`in*drom"ic (?), Pal`in*drom"ic*al (?), } a. Of, pertaining to, or
like, a palindrome.

Pa*lin"dro*mist (?), n. A writer of palindromes.

Pal"ing (?), n. 1. Pales, in general; a fence formed with pales or
pickets; a limit; an inclosure.

    They moved within the paling of order and decorum.


De Quincey.

2. The act of placing pales or stripes on cloth; also, the stripes
themselves. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Paling board, one of the slabs sawed from the sides of a log to fit it
to be sawed into boards. [Eng.]

||Pal`in*ge*ne"si*a (?), n.[NL.] See Palingenesis.

{ Pal`in*gen"e*sis (?), Pal`in*gen"e*sy (?), } n. [Gr. &?;; &?; again +
&?; birth: cf. F. palingÈnÈsie. See Genesis.]

1. A new birth; a re-creation; a regeneration; a continued existence in
different manner or form.

2. (Biol.) That form of evolution in which the truly ancestral
characters conserved by heredity are reproduced in development;
original simple descent; -- distinguished from kenogenesis. Sometimes,
in zoˆlogy, the abrupt metamorphosis of insects, crustaceans, etc.

Pal`in*ge*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to palingenesis: as, a
palingenetic process. - - Pal`in*ge*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

Pal"i*node (?), n. [L. palinodia, from Gr. &?;; &?; again + &?; a song.
See Ode.] 1. An ode recanting, or retracting, a former one; also, a
repetition of an ode.

2. A retraction; esp., a formal retraction. Sandys.

Pal`i*no"di*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a palinode, or retraction.
J. Q. Adams.

Pal"i*no*dy (?), n. See Palinode. [Obs.] Wood.

Pal`inu"rus (?), n. [So called from L. Palinurus, the pilot of ∆neas.]
(Naut.) An instrument for obtaining directly, without calculation, the
true bearing of the sun, and thence the variation of the compass

Pal`i*sade" (?), n. [F. palissade, cf. Sp. palizada, It. palizzata,
palizzo, LL. palissata; all fr. L. palus a stake, pale. See Pale a
stake.] 1. (Fort.) A strong, long stake, one end of which is set firmly
in the ground, and the other is sharpened; also, a fence formed of such
stakes set in the ground as a means of defense.

2. Any fence made of pales or sharp stakes.

Palisade cells (Bot.), vertically elongated parenchyma cells, such as
are seen beneath the epidermis of the upper surface of many leaves. --
Palisade worm (Zoˆl.), a nematoid worm (Strongylus armatus), parasitic
in the blood vessels of the horse, in which it produces aneurisms,
often fatal.

Pal`i*sade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palisaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Palisading.] [Cf. F. palissader.] To surround, inclose, or fortify,
with palisades.

Pal`i*sad"ing (?), n. (Fort.) A row of palisades set in the ground.

Pal`i*sa*"do (?), n.; pl. Palisadoes (&?;). A palisade. [Obs.] Shak.

Pal`i*sa"do, v. t. To palisade. [Obs.] Sterne.

Pal"ish (?), a. Somewhat pale or wan.

Pal`is*san"der (?), n. [F. palissandre.] (Bot.) (a) Violet wood. (b)
Rosewood.

Pal"is*sy (?), a. Designating, or of the nature of, a kind of pottery
made by Bernard Palissy, in France, in the 16th centry.

Palissy ware, glazed pottery like that made by Bernard Palissy;
especially, that having figures of fishes, reptiles, etc., in high
relief.

||Pal"kee (?), n. [Hind. plk; of the same origin as E. palanquin.] A
||palanquin. Malcom.

Pall (?), n. Same as Pawl.

Pall, n. [OE. pal, AS. pÊl, from L. pallium cover, cloak, mantle, pall;
cf. L. palla robe, mantle.] 1. An outer garment; a cloak mantle.

    His lion's skin changed to a pall of gold.


Spenser.

2. A kind of rich stuff used for garments in the Middle Ages. [Obs.]
Wyclif (Esther viii. 15).

3. (R. C. Ch.) Same as Pallium.

    About this time Pope Gregory sent two archbishop's palls into
    England, -- the one for London, the other for York.


Fuller.

4. (Her.) A figure resembling the Roman Catholic pallium, or pall, and
having the form of the letter Y.

5. A large cloth, esp., a heavy black cloth, thrown over a coffin at a
funeral; sometimes, also, over a tomb.

    Warriors carry the warrior's pall.


Tennyson.

6. (Eccl.) A piece of cardboard, covered with linen and embroidered on
one side; -- used to put over the chalice.

Pall, v. t. To cloak. [R.] Shak

Pall, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Palled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palling.] [Either
shortened fr. appall, or fr. F. p‚lir to grow pale. Cf. Appall, Pale,
a.] To become vapid, tasteless, dull, or insipid; to lose strength,
life, spirit, or taste; as, the liquor palls.

    Beauty soon grows familiar to the lover, Fades in the eye, and
    palls upon the sense.


Addisin.

Pall, v. t. 1. To make vapid or insipid; to make lifeless or
spiritless; to dull; to weaken. Chaucer.

    Reason and reflection . . . pall all his enjoyments.


Atterbury.

2. To satiate; to cloy; as, to pall the appetite.

Pall, n. Nausea. [Obs.] Shaftesbury.

||Pal"la (?), n. [L. See Pall a cloak.] (Rom. Antuq.) An oblong
||rectangular piece of cloth, worn by Roman ladies, and fastened with
||brooches.

Pal*la"di*an (?), a. (Arch.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a
variety of the revived classic style of architecture, founded on the
works of Andrea Palladio, an Italian architect of the 16th century.

Pal*la"dic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from,
palladium; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which
the element has a higher valence as contrasted with palladious
compounds.

Pal*la"di*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing,
palladium; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which
palladium has a lower valence as compared with palladic compounds.

Pal*la"di*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, Pallas.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.) Any statue of the goddess Pallas; esp., the famous
statue on the preservation of which depended the safety of ancient
Troy.

2. Hence: That which affords effectual protection or security; a
safeguard; as, the trial by jury is the palladium of our civil rights.
Blackstone.

Pal*la"di*um, n. [NL.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of the light
platinum group, found native, and also alloyed with platinum and gold.
It is a silver-white metal resembling platinum, and like it permanent
and untarnished in the air, but is more easily fusible. It is unique in
its power of occluding hydrogen, which it does to the extent of nearly
a thousand volumes, forming the alloy Pd2H. It is used for graduated
circles and verniers, for plating certain silver goods, and somewhat in
dentistry. It was so named in 1804 by Wollaston from the asteroid
Pallas, which was discovered in 1802. Symbol Pd. Atomic weight, 106.2.

<! p. 1033 !>

Pal*la"di*um*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palladiumized (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Palladiumizing (?).] To cover or coat with palladium. [R.]

Pal"lah (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A large South African antelope (∆pyceros
melampus). The male has long lyrate and annulated horns. The general
color is bay, with a black crescent on the croup. Called also roodebok.

Pal"las (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;.] (Gr. Myth.) Pallas Athene, the
Grecian goddess of wisdom, called also Athene, and identified, at a
later period, with the Roman Minerva.

Pall"bear*er (?), n. One of those who attend the coffin at a funeral;
-- so called from the pall being formerly carried by them.

Pal"let (?), n. [OE. paillet, F. paillet a heap of straw, fr. paille
straw, fr. L. palea chaff; cf. Gr. &?; fine meal, dust, Skr. pala
straw, palva chaff. Cf. Paillasse.] A small and mean bed; a bed of
straw. Milton.

Pal"let, n. [Dim. of pale. See Pale a stake.] (Her.) A perpendicular
band upon an escutcheon, one half the breadth of the pale.

Pal"let, n. [F. palette: af. It. paletta; prop. and orig., a fire
shovel, dim. of L. pala a shovel, spade. See Peel a shovel.] 1.
(Paint.) Same as Palette.

2. (Pottery) (a) A wooden implement used by potters, crucible makers,
etc., for forming, beating, and rounding their works. It is oval,
round, and of other forms. (b) A potter's wheel.

3. (Gilding) (a) An instrument used to take up gold leaf from the
pillow, and to apply it. (b) A tool for gilding the backs of books over
the bands.

4. (Brickmaking) A board on which a newly molded brick is conveyed to
the hack. Knight.

5. (Mach.) (a) A click or pawl for driving a ratchet wheel. (b) One of
the series of disks or pistons in the chain pump. Knight.

6. (Horology) One of the pieces or levers connected with the pendulum
of a clock, or the balance of a watch, which receive the immediate
impulse of the scape-wheel, or balance wheel. Brande & C.

7. (Mus.) In the organ, a valve between the wind chest and the mouth of
a pipe or row of pipes.

8. (Zoˆl.) One of a pair of shelly plates that protect the siphon tubes
of certain bivalves, as the Teredo. See Illust. of Teredo.

9. A cup containing three ounces, -- &?;ormerly used by surgeons.

Pal"li*al (?), a. [L. pallium a mantle. See Pall.] (Zoˆl.) Of or
pretaining to a mantle, especially to the mantle of mollusks; produced
by the mantle; as, the pallial line, or impression, which marks the
attachment of the mantle on the inner surface of a bivalve shell. See
Illust. of Bivalve.

Pallial chamber (Zoˆl.), the cavity inclosed by the mantle. -- Pallial
sinus (Zoˆl.), an inward bending of the pallial line, near the
posterior end of certain bivalve shells, to receive the siphon. See
Illust. of Bivalve.

Pal"li*a*ment (?), n. [LL. palliare to clothe, fr. L. pallium a
manltle. See Pall the garment.] A dress; a robe. [Obs.] Shak.

Pal"liard (?), n. [F. paillard, orig., one addicted to the couch, fr.
paille straw. See Pallet a small bed.]

1. A born beggar; a vagabond. [Obs.] Halliwell.

2. A lecher; a lewd person. [Obs.] Dryden.

Pal*liasse" (?), n. See Paillasse.

Pal"li*ate (?), a. [L. palliatus, fr. pallium a cloak. See Pall the
garment.] 1. Covered with a mant&?;e; cloaked; disguised. [Obs.] Bp.
Hall.

2. Eased; mitigated; alleviated. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.

Pal"li*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palliated(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Palliating(?).] 1. To cover with a mantle or cloak; to cover up; to
hide. [Obs.]

    Being palliated with a pilgrim's coat.


Sir T. Herbert.

2. To cover with excuses; to conceal the enormity of, by excuses and
apologies; to extenuate; as, to palliate faults.

    They never hide or palliate their vices.


Swift.

3. To reduce in violence; to lessen or abate; to mitigate; to ease
withhout curing; as, to palliate a disease.

    To palliate dullness, and give time a shove.


Cowper.

Syn. -- To cover; cloak; hide; extenuate; conceal. -- To Palliate,
Extenuate, Cloak. These words, as here compared, are used in a
figurative sense in reference to our treatment of wrong action. We
cloak in order to conceal completely. We extenuate a crime when we
endeavor to show that it is less than has been supposed; we palliate a
crime when we endeavor to cover or conceal its enormity, at least in
part. This naturally leads us to soften some of its features, and thus
palliate approaches extenuate till they have become nearly or quite
identical. "To palliate is not now used, though it once was, in the
sense of wholly cloaking or covering over, as it might be, our sins,
but in that of extenuating; to palliate our faults is not to hide them
altogether, but to seek to diminish their guilt in part." Trench.

Pal`li*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. palliation.] 1. The act of palliating, or
state of being palliated; extenuation; excuse; as, the palliation of
faults, offenses, vices.

2. Mitigation; alleviation, as of a disease. Bacon.

3. That which cloaks or covers; disguise; also, the state of being
covered or disguised. [Obs.]

Pal"li*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. palliatif.] Serving to palliate; serving
to extenuate or mitigate.

Pal"li*a*tive (?), n. That which palliates; a palliative agent. Sir W.
Scott.

Pal"li*a*to*ry (?), a. Palliative; extenuating.

Pal"lid (?), a. [L. pallidus, fr. pallere to be or look pale. See pale,
a.] Deficient in color; pale; wan; as, a pallid countenance; pallid
blue. Spenser.

Pal*lid"i*ty (?), n. Pallidness; paleness.

Pal"lid*ly (?), adv. In a pallid manner.

Pal"lid*ness, n. The quality or state of being pallid; paleness;
pallor; wanness.

||Pal`li*o*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Brachiopoda.

Pal`li*o*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [See Pallium, and Branchia.] (Zoˆl.)
Having the pallium, or mantle, acting as a gill, as in brachiopods.

||Pal"li*um (?), n.; pl. L. Pallia(&?;), E. Palliums (#). [L. See Pall
||the garment.] 1. (Anc. Costume) A large, square, woolen cloak which
||enveloped the whole person, worn by the Greeks and by certain Romans.
||It is the Roman name of a Greek garment.

2. (R.C.Ch.) A band of white wool, worn on the shoulders, with four
purple crosses worked on it; a pall.

The wool is obtained from two lambs brought to the basilica of St.
Agnes, Rome, and blessed. It is worn by the pope, and sent to
patriarchs, primates, and archbishops, as a sign that they share in the
plenitude of the episcopal office. Befoer it is sent, the pallium is
laid on the tomb of St. Peter, where it remains all night.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) The mantle of a bivalve. See Mantle. (b) The mantle of a
bird.

Pall`-mall" (?), n. [OF. palemail, It. pallamagio; palla a ball (of
German origin, akin to E. ball) + magio hammer, fr. L. malleus. See lst
Ball, and Mall a beetle.] A game formerly common in England, in which a
wooden ball was driven with a mallet through an elevated hoop or ring
of iron. The name was also given to the mallet used, to the place where
the game was played, and to the street, in London, still called Pall
Mall. [Written also pail-mail and pell-mell.] Sir K. Digby. Evelyn.

Pal*lo"ne (?), n. [It., a large ball, fr. palla ball. See Balloon.] An
Italian game, played with a large leather ball.

Pal"lor (?), n. [L., fr. pallere to be or look pale. See Pale, a.]
Paleness; want of color; pallidity; as, pallor of the complexion. Jer.
Taylor.

Palm (?), n. [OE. paume, F. paume, L. palma, Gr. &?;, akin to Skr. pni
hand, and E. fumble. See Fumble, Feel, and cf. 2d Palm.] 1. (Anat.) The
inner and somewhat concave part of the hand between the bases of the
fingers and the wrist.

    Clench'd her fingers till they bit the palm.


Tennyson.

2. A lineal measure equal either to the breadth of the hand or to its
length from the wrist to the ends of the fingers; a hand; -- used in
measuring a horse's height.

In Greece, the palm was reckoned at three inches. The Romans adopted
two measures of this name, the lesser palm of 2.91 inches, and the
greater palm of 8.73 inches. At the present day, this measure varies in
the most arbitrary manner, being different in each country, and
occasionally varying in the same. Internat. Cyc.

3. (Sailmaking) A metallic disk, attached to a strap, and worn the palm
of the hand, -- used to push the needle through the canvas, in sewing
sails, etc.

4. (Zoˆl.) The broad flattened part of an antler, as of a full-grown
fallow deer; -- so called as resembling the palm of the hand with its
protruding fingers.

5. (Naut.) The flat inner face of an anchor fluke.

Palm, n. [AS. palm, L. palma; -- so named fr. the leaf resembling a
hand. See lst Palm, and cf. Pam.]

1. (Bot.) Any endogenous tree of the order PalmÊ or PalmaceÊ; a palm
tree.

Palms are perennial woody plants, often of majestic size. The trunk is
usually erect and rarely branched, and has a roughened exterior
composed of the persistent bases of the leaf stalks. The leaves are
borne in a terminal crown, and are supported on stout, sheathing, often
prickly, petioles. They are usually of great size, and are either
pinnately or palmately many-cleft. There are about one thousand species
known, nearly all of them growing in tropical or semitropical regions.
The wood, petioles, leaves, sap, and fruit of many species are
invaluable in the arts and in domestic economy. Among the best known
are the date palm, the cocoa palm, the fan palm, the oil palm, the wax
palm, the palmyra, and the various kinds called cabbage palm and
palmetto.

2. A branch or leaf of the palm, anciently borne or worn as a symbol of
victory or rejoicing.

    A great multitude . . . stood before the throne, and before the
    Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palme in their hands.


Rev. vii. 9.

3. Hence: Any symbol or token of superiority, success, or triumph;
also, victory; triumph; supremacy. "The palm of martyrdom." Chaucer.

    So get the start of the majestic world And bear the palm alone.


Shak.

Molucca palm (Bot.), a labiate herb from Asia (Molucella lÊvis), having
a curious cup-shaped calyx. -- Palm cabbage, the terminal bud of a
cabbage palm, used as food. -- Palm cat (Zoˆl.), the common paradoxure.
-- Palm crab (Zoˆl.), the purse crab. -- Palm oil, a vegetable oil,
obtained from the fruit of several species of palms, as the African oil
palm (ElÊis Guineensis), and used in the manufacture of soap and
candles. See ElÊis. -- Palm swift (Zoˆl.), a small swift (Cypselus
Batassiensis) which frequents the palmyra and cocoanut palms in India.
Its peculiar nest is attached to the leaf of the palmyra palm. -- Palm
toddy. Same as Palm wine. -- Palm weevil (Zoˆl.), any one of mumerous
species of very large weevils of the genus Rhynchophorus. The larvÊ
bore into palm trees, and are called palm borers, and grugru worms.
They are considered excellent food. -- Palm wine, the sap of several
species of palms, especially, in India, of the wild date palm (Phúnix
sylvestrix), the palmyra, and the Caryota urens. When fermented it
yields by distillation arrack, and by evaporation jaggery. Called also
palm toddy. -- Palm worm, or Palmworm. (Zoˆl.) (a) The larva of a palm
weevil. (b) A centipede.

Palm (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palming.] 1.
To handle. [Obs.] Prior.

2. To manipulate with, or conceal in, the palm of the hand; to juggle.

    They palmed the trick that lost the game.


Prior.

3. To impose by fraud, as by sleight of hand; to put by unfair means;
-- usually with off.

    For you may palm upon us new for old.


Dryden.

Pal*ma"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to palms; of the nature
of, or resembling, palms.

||Pal"ma Chris"ti (?). [L., palm of Christ.] (Bot.) A plant (Ricinus
||communis) with ornamental peltate and palmately cleft foliage,
||growing as a woody perennial in the tropics, and cultivated as an
||herbaceous annual in temperate regions; -- called also castor-oil
||plant. [Sometimes corrupted into palmcrist.]

Pal"ma*cite (?), n. (Paleon.) A fossil palm.

Pal"mar (?), a. [L. palmaris, fr. palma the palm of the hand: cf. F.
palmaire.] 1. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or corresponding with, the palm of
the hand.

2. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the under side of the wings of birds.

||Pal*ma"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Palmaria (#). [NL. See Palmar.] (Zoˆl.) One
||of the bifurcations of the brachial plates of a crinoid.

Pal"ma*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Palmar.

Pal"ma*ry, a. [L. palmarius, palmaris, belonging to palms, deserving
the palm or prize, fr. palma a palm.] Worthy of the palm; palmy;
preÎminent; superior; principal; chief; as, palmary work. Br. Horne.

Pal"mate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of palmic acid; a ricinoleate.
[Obsoles.]

{ Pal"mate (?), Pal"ma*ted (?), } a. [L. palmatus marked with the palm
of a hand, from palma the palm of the hand.]

1. Having the shape of the hand; resembling a hand with the fingers
spread.

2. (Bot.) Spreading from the apex of a petiole, as the divisions of a
leaf, or leaflets, so as to resemble the hand with outspread fingers.
Gray.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) Having the anterior toes united by a web, as in most
swimming birds; webbed. See Illust. (i) under Aves. (b) Having the
distal portion broad, flat, and more or less divided into lobes; --
said of certain corals, antlers, etc.

Pal"mate*ly (?), adv. In a palmate manner.

Pal*mat"i*fid (?), a. [L. palmatus palmate + root of findere to split.]
(Bot.) Palmate, with the divisions separated but little more than
halfway to the common center.

Pal*mat"i*lobed (?), a. [L. palmatus palmate + E. lobed.] (Bot.)
Palmate, with the divisions separated less than halfway to the common
center.

{ Pal*mat"i*sect (?), Pal*mat`i*sect"ed (?), } a. [L. palmatus palmate
+ secare to cut.] (Bot.) Divided, as a palmate leaf, down to the
midrib, so that the parenchyma is interrupted.

Palm"crist (?), n. The palma Christi. (Jonah iv. 6, margin, and Douay
version, note.)

Palmed (?), a. Having or bearing a palm or palms.

Palmed deer (Zoˆl.), a stag of full growth, bearing palms. See lst
Palm, 4.

Palm"er (?), n. [From Palm, v. t.] One who palms or cheats, as at cards
or dice.

Palm"er, n.[From Palm the tree.] A wandering religious votary;
especially, one who bore a branch of palm as a token that he had
visited the Holy Land and its sacred places. Chaucer.

    Pilgrims and palmers plighted them together.


P. Plowman.

    The pilgrim had some home or dwelling place, the palmer had none.
    The pilgrim traveled to some certain, designed place or places, but
    the palmer to all.


T. Staveley.

Palm"er (?), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) A palmerworm. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

2. (Angling) Short for Palmer fly, an artificial fly made to imitate a
hairy caterpillar; a hackle. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

Palm"er*worm` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any hairy caterpillar which appears
in great numbers, devouring herbage, and wandering about like a palmer.
The name is applied also to other voracious insects. Joel. i. 4. (b) In
America, the larva of any one of several moths, which destroys the
foliage of fruit and forest trees, esp. the larva of Ypsolophus
pometellus, which sometimes appears in vast numbers.

Pal*mette" (?), n. [F., dim. of palme a palm.] A floral ornament,
common in Greek and other ancient architecture; -- often called the
honeysuckle ornament.

Pal*met"to (?), n. [Dim. of palm the tree: cf. Sp. palmito.] (Bot.) A
name given to palms of several genera and species growing in the West
Indies and the Southern United States. In the United States, the name
is applied especially to the ChamÊrops, or Sabal, Palmetto, the cabbage
tree of Florida and the Carolinas. See Cabbage tree, under Cabbage.

<! p. 1034 !>

Royal palmetto, the West Indian Sabal umbraculifera, the trunk of
which, when hollowed, is used for water pipes, etc. The leaves are used
for thatching, and for making hats, ropes, etc. -- Saw palmetto, Sabal
serrulata, a native of Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida. The nearly
impassable jungle which it forms is called palmetto scrub.

Pal"mic (?), a. [Cf. F. palmique.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or
derived from, the castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis, or Palma
Christi); -- formerly used to designate an acid now called ricinoleic
acid. [Obsoles.]

||Pal`mi*dac"ty*les (?), n. pl. [NL. See Palm, and Dactyl.] (Zoˆl.) A
||group of wading birds having the toes webbed, as the avocet.

Pal*mif"er*ous (?), a.[L. palmifer; palma a palm + ferre to bear: cf.
F. palmifËre.] Bearing palms.

Pal"mi*grade (?), a. [L. palma palm of the hand + gradi to walk.]
(Zoˆl.) Putting the whole foot upon the ground in walking, as some
mammals.

Pal"min (?), n. [From palma Christi: cf. F. palmine.] (Chem.) (a) A
white waxy or fatty substance obtained from castor oil. (b) Ricinolein.
[Obs.]

Pal"mi*ped (?), a.[L. palmipes, -edis, broad-footed; palma the palm of
the hand + pes a foot; cf. F. palmipËde.] (Zoˆl.) Web-footed, as a
water fowl. -- n. A swimming bird; a bird having webbed feet.

||Pal*mip"e*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Natatores.

Pal"mis*ter (?), n. [From Palm of the hand.] One who practices
palmistry Bp. Hall.

Pal`mis*try (?), n.[See Palmister.] 1. The art or practice of divining
or telling fortunes, or of judging of character, by the lines and marks
in the palm of the hand; chiromancy. Ascham. Cowper.

2. A dexterous use or trick of the hand. Addison.

Pal"mi*tate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of palmitic acid.

Pal"mite (?), n. [From Palm.] (Bot.) A South African plant (Prionium
Palmita) of the Rush family, having long serrated leaves. The stems
have been used for making brushes.

Pal*mit"ic (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from,
palmitin or palm oil; as, palmitic acid, a white crystalline body
belonging to the fatty acid series. It is readily soluble in hot
alcohol, and melts to a liquid oil at 62∞ C.

Pal"mi*tin (?), n. [So called because abundant in palm oil.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A solid crystallizable fat, found abundantly in animals and in
vegetables. It occurs mixed with stearin and olein in the fat of animal
tissues, with olein and butyrin in butter, with olein in olive oil,
etc. Chemically, it is a glyceride of palmitic acid, three molecules of
palmitic acid being united to one molecule of glyceryl, and hence it is
technically called tripalmitin, or glyceryl tripalmitate.

Pal`mi*tol"ic (?), a. [Palmitic + -oleic + ic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or designating, an artificial acid of the oleic acid series, isomeric
with linoleic acid.

Pal"mi*tone (?), n. (Chem.) The ketone of palmitic acid.

Palm" Sun`day (?). (Eccl.) The Sunday next before Easter; -- so called
in commemoration of our Savior's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, when
the multitude strewed palm branches in the way.

Palm"y (?), a. 1. Bearing palms; abounding in palms; derived from
palms; as, a palmy shore. Pope.

    His golden sands and palmy wine.


Goldsmith.

2. Worthy of the palm; flourishing; prosperous.

    In the most high and palmy state of Rome.


Shak.

Pal*my"ra (?), n. (Bot.) A species of palm (Borassus flabelliformis)
having a straight, black, upright trunk, with palmate leaves. It is
found native along the entire northern shores of the Indian Ocean, from
the mouth of the Tigris to New Guinea. More than eight hundred uses to
which it is put are enumerated by native writers. Its wood is largely
used for building purposes; its fruit and roots serve for food, its sap
for making toddy, and its leaves for thatching huts.

Pa*lo"la (?), n. [Fr. the native name.] (Zoˆl.) An annelid (Palola
viridis) which, at certain seasons of the year, swarms at the surface
of the sea about some of the Pacific Islands, where it is collected for
food.

||Pa`lo*me"ta (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A pompano.

Palp (plp), n. [Cf. F. palpe. See Palpable.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Palpus.

Palp, v. t. [L. palpare: cf. F. palper.] To have a distinct touch or
feeling of; to feel. [Obs.]

    To bring a palpËd darkness o'er the earth.


Heywood.

Pal`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being palpable, or perceptible
by the touch. Arbuthnot.

Pal"pa*ble (?), a. [F. palpable, L. palpabilis, fr. palpare to feel,
stroke; cf. palpus the soft palm of the hand.] 1. Capable of being
touched and felt; perceptible by the touch; as, a palpable form. Shak.

    Darkness must overshadow all his bounds, Palpable darkness.


Milton.

2. Easily perceptible; plain; distinct; obvious; readily perceived and
detected; gross; as, palpable imposture; palpable absurdity; palpable
errors. "Three persons palpable." P. Plowman.

    [Lies] gross as a mountain, open, palpable.


Shak.

-- Pal"pa*ble*ness, n. -- Pal"pa*bly, adv.

Pal*pa"tion (?), n. [L. palpatio, fr. palpare. See Palpable.] 1. Act of
touching or feeling.

2. (Med.) Examination of a patient by touch. Quain.

||Pal*pa"tor (?), n. [L., a stroker.] (Zoˆl.) One of a family of
||clavicorn beetles, including those which have very long maxillary
||palpi.

||Pal"pe*bra (?), n.; pl. PalpebrÊ (#). [L.] (Zoˆl.) The eyelid.

Pal"pe*bral (?), a. [L. palpebralis, fr. palpebra: cf. F. palpÈbral.]
Of or pertaining to the eyelids.

Pal"pe*brate (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having eyelids.

Palped (plpt), a. (Zoˆl.) Having a palpus.

||Pal"pi (pl"p), n., pl. of Palpus. (Zoˆl.) See Palpus.

Pal"pi*corn (?), n. [See Palpus, and Cornu.] (Zoˆl.) One of a group of
aquatic beetles (Palpicornia) having short club-shaped antennÊ, and
long maxillary palpi.

Pal"pi*fer (?), n. [Palpus + L. ferre to bear.] (Zoˆl.) Same as
Palpiger.

Pal"pi*form (?), a. [Palpus + -form: cf. F. palpiforme.] (Zoˆl.) Having
the form of a palpus.

Pal"pi*ger (?), n. [See Palpigerous.] (Zoˆl.) That portion of the
labium which bears the palpi in insects.

Pal*pig"er*ous (?), a. [Palpus + -gerous.] (Zoˆl.) Bearing a palpus.
Kirby.

Pal"pi*tant (?), a. [L. palpitans, p. pr.] Palpitating; throbbing;
trembling. Carlyle.

Pal"pi*tate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Palpitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Palpitating(?).] [L. palpitare, palpitatum, v. intens. fr. pappare. See
Palpable.] To beat rapidly and more strongly than usual; to throb; to
bound with emotion or exertion; to pulsate violently; to flutter; --
said specifically of the heart when its action is abnormal, as from
excitement.

Pal`pi*ta"tion (?), n. [L. palpitatio: cf. F. palpitation.] A rapid
pulsation; a throbbing; esp., an abnormal, rapid beating of the heart
as when excited by violent exertion, strong emotion, or by disease.

Palp"less (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Without a palpus.

Pal"po*cil (?), n. [See Palpus, and Cilium.] (Zoˆl.) A minute soft
filamentary process springing from the surface of certain hydroids and
sponges.

||Pal"pus (?), n.; pl. Palpi (#). [NL. See Palp.] (Zoˆl.) A feeler;
||especially, one of the jointed sense organs attached to the mouth
||organs of insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and annelids; as, the
||mandibular palpi, maxillary palpi, and labial palpi. The palpi of
||male spiders serve as sexual organs. Called also palp. See Illust. of
||Arthrogastra and Orthoptera.

Pals"grave` (?), n. [D. paltsgraaf; palts palace (l. palatium) + graaf
count; cf. G. pfalzgraf. See Palace, and Landgrave.] (Ger. Hist.) A
count or earl who presided in the domestic court, and had the
superintendence, of a royal household in Germany.

Pals"gra*vine` (?), n.[D. paltsgravin: cf. G. pfalzgrafin.] The consort
or widow of a palsgrave.

Pal"si*cal (?), a.[From Palsy.] Affected with palsy; palsied;
paralytic. [R.] Johnson.

Pal"sied (?), a. Affected with palsy; paralyzed.

Pal"stave` (?), n. [Dan. paalstav.] A peculiar bronze adz, used in
prehistoric Europe about the middle of the bronze age. Dawkins.

Pal"ster (?), n. [D. palsterstaf.] A pilgrim's staff. [Obs.] Halliwell.

Pal"sy (?), n.; pl. Palsies (#). [OE. palesie, parlesy, OF. paralesie,
F. paralysie, L. paralysis. See Paralysis.] (Med.) Paralysis, complete
or partial. See Paralysis. "One sick of the palsy." Mark ii. 3.

Bell's palsy, paralysis of the facial nerve, producing distortion of
one side of the face; -- so called from Sir Charles Bell, an English
surgeon who described it. -- Scrivener's palsy. See Writer's cramp,
under Writer. -- Shaking palsy, paralysis agitans, a disease usually
occurring in old people, characterized by muscular tremors and a
peculiar shaking and tottering gait.

Pal"sy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palsied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palsying.] To
affect with palsy, or as with palsy; to deprive of action or energy; to
paralyze.

Pal"sy*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The cowslip (Primula veris); -- so called
from its supposed remedial powers. Dr. Prior.

Pal"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paltered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paltering.] [See Paltry.] 1. To haggle. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

2. To act in insincere or deceitful manner; to play false; to
equivocate; to shift; to dodge; to trifle.

    Romans, that have spoke the word, And will not palter.


Shak.

    Who never sold the truth to serve the hour, Nor paltered with
    eternal God for power.


Tennyson.

3. To babble; to chatter. [Obs.]

Pal"ter, v. t. To trifle with; to waste; to squander in paltry ways or
on worthless things. [Obs.] "Palter out your time in the penal
statutes." Beau. & Fl.

Pal"ter*er (?), n. One who palters. Johnson.

Pal"ter*ly, a. & adv. Paltry; shabby; shabbily; paltrily. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.] "In palterly clothes." Pepys.

Pal"tock (?), n. [See Paletot.] A kind of doublet; a jacket. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.

Pal"tri*ly (?), adv. In a paltry manner.

Pal"tri*ness, n. The state or quality of being paltry.

Pal"try (?), a. [Compar. Paltrier (&?;); superl. Paltriest.] [Cf. Prov.
E. paltry refuse, rubbish, LG. paltering ragged, palte, palter, a rag,
a tatter, Dan. pialt, Sw. palta, pl. paltor.] Mean; vile; worthless;
despicable; contemptible; pitiful; trifling; as, a paltry excuse;
paltry gold. Cowper.

    The paltry prize is hardly worth the cost.


Byron.

Syn. -- See Contemptible.

Pa*lu"dal (?), a. [L. palus, - udis, a marsh.] Of or pertaining to
marshes or fens; marshy. [R.]

Paludal fever, malarial fever; -- so called because generated in marshy
districts.

Pa*lu"da*ment (?), n. See Paludamentum.

||Pa*lu`da*men*tum (?), n.; pl. Paladumenta (&?;). (Rom. Antiq.) A
||military cloak worn by a general and his principal officers.

||Pal`u*dic"o*lÊ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. palus, -udis, a marsh +
||colere to inhabit.] (Zoˆl.) A division of birds, including the
||cranes, rails, etc.

Pa*lu"di*cole (?), a. [Cf. F. paludicole.] (Zoˆl.) Marsh-inhabiting;
belonging to the PaludicolÊ

||Pal`u*di"na (?), n.; pl. L. PaludinÊ (#), E. Paludinas (#). [NL., fr.
||L. palus, -udis, a marsh, pool.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species
||of freshwater pectinibranchiate mollusks, belonging to Paludina,
||Melantho, and allied genera. They have an operculated shell which is
||usually green, often with brown bands. See Illust. of Pond snail,
||under Pond.

Pal`u*di"nal (?), a. Inhabiting ponds or swamps.

Pal"u*dine (?), a. [L. palus, -udis, a marsh.] Of or pertaining to a
marsh. Buckland.

Pa*lu"di*nous (?), a. 1. (Zoˆl.) (a) Paludinal. (b) Like or pertaining
to the genus Paludina.

2. Of or pertaining to a marsh or fen. [R.]

Pa*lu"dism (?), n. (Med.) The morbid phenomena produced by dwelling
among marshes; malarial disease or disposition.

Pal"u*dose` (?), a.[L. paludosus marshy.] Growing or living in marshy
places; marshy.

Pal"ule (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Palulus or Palus.

||Pal"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Paluli (#). [NL., dim. of L. palus a stake.]
||(Zoˆl.) Same as Palus.

||Pa"lus (?), n.; pl. Pali (#). [L., a stake.] (Zoˆl.) One of several
||upright slender calcareous processes which surround the central part
||of the calicle of certain corals.

Pa*lus"tral (?), a. [L. paluster, -ustris.] Of or pertaining to a bog
or marsh; boggy. [R.]

Pa*lus"trine (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or living in, a marsh or swamp;
marshy.

Pal"y (?), a. [From Pale, a.] Pale; wanting color; dim. [Poetic] Shak.
Whittier.

Pal"y, a. [Cf. F. palÈ. See Pale a stake.] (Her.) Divided into four or
more equal parts by perpendicular lines, and of two different tinctures
disposed alternately.

Pam (?), n. [From Palm victory; cf. trump, fr. triumph.] The knave of
clubs. [Obs.] Pope.

Pa"ment (?), n. A pavement. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Pam"pa*no (?), n. [Sp.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Pompano.

Pam"pas (?), n. pl. [Sp., fr. Peruv. pampa a field, plain.] Vast plains
in the central and southern part of the Argentine Republic in South
America. The term is sometimes used in a wider sense for the plains
extending from Bolivia to Southern Patagonia.

Pampas cat (Zoˆl.), a South American wild cat (Felis pajeros). It has
oblique transverse bands of yellow or brown. It is about three and a
half feet long. Called also straw cat. -- Pampas deer (Zoˆl.), a small,
reddish-brown, South American deer (Cervus, or Blastocerus,
campestris). -- Pampas grass (Bot.), a very tall ornamental grass
(Gynerium argenteum) with a silvery-white silky panicle. It is a native
of the pampas of South America.

Pam"per (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pampered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pampering.] [Cf. LG. pampen, slampampen, to live luxuriously, pampe
thick pap, and E. pap.]

1. To feed to the full; to feed luxuriously; to glut; as, to pamper the
body or the appetite. "A body . . . pampered for corruption." Dr. T.
Dwight.

2. To gratify inordinately; to indulge to excess; as, to pamper pride;
to pamper the imagination. South.

Pam"pered (?), a. Fed luxuriously; indulged to the full; hence,
luxuriant. "Pampered boughs." Milton. "Pampered insolence." Pope. --
Pam"pered*ness, n. Bp. Hall.

Pam"per*er (?), n. One who, or that which, pampers. Cowper.

Pam"per*ize (?), v. t. To pamper. [R.] Sydney Smith.

||Pam*pe"ro (?), n.[Sp., fr. pampa a plain.] A violent wind from the
||west or southwest, which sweeps over the pampas of South America and
||the adjacent seas, often doing great damage. Sir W. Parish.

Pam*pe"ros (?), n. pl.; sing. Pampero (&?;). [Sp. American.] (Ethnol.)
A tribe of Indians inhabiting the pampas of South America.

Pam"phlet (?), n. [OE. pamflet, pamfilet, paunflet, possibly fr. OF.
palme the palm of the hand, F. paume (see Palm) + OF. fueillet a leaf,
dim. of fueil, m., F. feuille, f., fr. L. folium, pl. folia, thus
meaning, a leaf to be held in the hand; or perh. through old French,
fr. L. Pamphila, a female historian of the first century who wrote many
epitomes; prob., however, fr. OF. Pamflette, the Old French name given
to Pamphilus, a poem in Latin verse of the 12th century, pamphlets
being named from the popularity of this poem.] 1. A writing; a book.
Testament of love.

    Sir Thomas More in his pamphlet of Richard the Third.


Ascham.

2. A small book consisting of a few sheets of printed paper, stitched
together, often with a paper cover, but not bound; a short essay or
written discussion, usually on a subject of current interest.

<! p. 1035 !>

Pam"phlet (?), v. i. To write a pamphlet or pamphlets. [R.] Howell.

Pam`phlet*eer" (?), n. A writer of pamphlets; a scribbler. Dryden.
Macaulay.

Pam`phlet*eer", v. i. To write or publish pamphlets.

    By pamphleteering we shall not win.


C. Kingsley.

Pam*pin"i*form (?), a. [L. pampinus a tendril + -form.] (Anat.) In the
form of tendrils; -- applied especially to the spermatic and ovarian
veins.

Pam"pre (?), n. [F. pampre a vine branch, L. pampinus.] (Sculp.) An
ornament, composed of vine leaves and bunches of grapes, used for
decorating spiral columns.

Pam`pro*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. [Pan- + Gr. &?; forward + &?; finger.]
(Zoˆl.) Having all the toes turned forward, as the colies.

{ Pan- (?), Pan"ta- (?), Pan"to- (?) }. [Gr. &?;, m., &?;,neut., gen.
&?;, all.] Combining forms signifying all, every; as, panorama,
pantheism, pantagraph, pantograph. Pan- becomes pam- before b or p, as
pamprodactylous.

Pan, n. [OE. See 2d Pane.] 1. A part; a portion.

2. (Fort.) The distance comprised between the angle of the epaule and
the flanked angle.

3. [Perh. a different word.] A leaf of gold or silver.

Pan, v. t. & i. [Cf. F. pan skirt, lappet, L. pannus a cloth, rag, W.
panu to fur, to full.] To join or fit together; to unite. [Obs.]
Halliwell.

Pan (?), n. [Hind. pn, Skr. parna leaf.] The betel leaf; also, the
masticatory made of the betel leaf, etc. See &?;etel.

||Pan (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Gr. Myth.) The god of shepherds,
||guardian of bees, and patron of fishing and hunting. He is usually
||represented as having the head and trunk of a man, with the legs,
||horns, and tail of a goat, and as playing on the shepherd's pipe,
||which he is said to have invented.

Pan, n. [OE. panne, AS. panne; cf. D. pan, G. pfanne, OHG. pfanna,
Icel., Sw., LL., & Ir. panna, of uncertain origin; cf. L. patina, E.
paten.] 1. A shallow, open dish or vessel, usually of metal, employed
for many domestic uses, as for setting milk for cream, for frying or
baking food, etc.; also employed for various uses in manufacturing. "A
bowl or a pan." Chaucer.

2. (Manuf.) A closed vessel for boiling or evaporating. See Vacuum pan,
under Vacuum.

3. The part of a flintlock which holds the priming.

4. The skull, considered as a vessel containing the brain; the upper
part of the head; the brainpan; the cranium. Chaucer.

5. (C&?;rp.) A recess, or bed, for the leaf of a hinge.

6. The hard stratum of earth that lies below the soil. See Hard pan,
under Hard.

7. A natural basin, containing salt or fresh water, or mud.

Flash in the pan. See under Flash. -- To savor of the pan, to suggest
the process of cooking or burning; in a theological sense, to be
heretical. Ridley. Southey.

Pan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Panned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Panning.] (Mining)
To separate, as gold, from dirt or sand, by washing in a kind of pan.
[U. S.]

    We . . . witnessed the process of cleaning up and panning out,
    which is the last process of separating the pure gold from the fine
    dirt and black sand.


Gen. W. T. Sherman.

Pan, v. i. 1. (Mining) To yield gold in, or as in, the process of
panning; -- usually with out; as, the gravel panned out richly.

2. To turn out (profitably or unprofitably); to result; to develop; as,
the investigation, or the speculation, panned out poorly. [Slang, U.
S.]

Pan"a*base (?), n. [Pan- + base. So called in allusion to the number of
metals contained in it.] (Min.) Same as Tetrahedrite.

Pan`a*ce"a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; all-healing; &?;, &?;, all
+ &?; to heal.]

1. A remedy for all diseases; a universal medicine; a cure-all;
catholicon; hence, a relief or solace for affliction.

2. (Bot.) The herb allheal.

Pan`a*ce"an (?), a. Having the properties of a panacea. [R.] "Panacean
dews." Whitehead.

Pa*nache" (?), n. [F., fr. L. penna a feather. See Pen a feather.] A
plume or bunch of feathers, esp. such a bunch worn on the helmet; any
military plume, or ornamental group of feathers.

    A panache of variegated plumes.


Prescott.

{ Pa*na"da (?), Pa*nade" (?), } n. [Sp. panada, fr. L. panis bread: cf.
F. panade. See Pantry.] Bread boiled in water to the consistence of
pulp, and sweetened or flavored. [Written also panado.]

Pa*nade" (?), n. A dagger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pan`a*ma" hat` (?). A fine plaited hat, made in Central America of the
young leaves of a plant (Carludovica palmata).

Pan`-A*mer"i*can (?), a. [See Pan- .] Of or pertaining to both North
and South America.

Pan`-An"gli*can (?), a. [Pan- + Anglican.] (Eccl.) Belonging to, or
representing, the whole Church of England; used less strictly, to
include the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States; as, the
Pan- Anglican Conference at Lambeth, in 1888.

Pan"a*ry (?), a. [L. panis bread.] Of or pertaining to bread or to
breadmaking.

Pan"a*ry, n. A storehouse for bread. Halliwell.

Pan"cake` (?), n. A thin cake of batter fried in a pan or on a griddle;
a griddlecake; a flapjack. "A pancake for Shrove Tuesday." Shak.

Pan"carte` (?), n. [F., fr. LL. pancharta. See Pan-, and Carte.] A
royal charter confirming to a subject all his possessions. [Obs.]
Holinshed.

Pance (?), n. (Bot.) The pansy. [Also paunce.]

Panch (?), n. (Naut.) See Paunch.

Panch"way (?), n. [Hind. pan&?;oi.] (Naut.) A Bengalese four-oared boat
for passengers. [Written also panshway and paunchwas.] Malcom.

Pan*cra"tian (?), a. Pancratic; athletic.

Pan*cra"ti*ast (?), n. One who engaged in the contests of the
pancratium.

Pan*cra`ti*as"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pancratium. G. West.

Pan*crat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; all- powerful.] (Opt.) Having all or many
degrees of power; having a great range of power; -- said of an eyepiece
made adjustable so as to give a varying magnifying power.

{ Pan*crat"ic (?), Pan*crat"ic*al (?), } a. [See Pancratium.] Of or
pertaining to the pancratium; athletic. Sir T. Browne

Pan"cra*tist (?), n. An athlete; a gymnast.

||Pan*cra"ti*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; a complete contest, fr. &?;
||all-powerful; &?;, &?;, all + &?; strength.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.) An athletic contest involving both boxing and
wrestling.

2. (Bot.) A genus of Old World amaryllideous bulbous plants, having a
funnel-shaped perianth with six narrow spreading lobes. The American
species are now placed in the related genus Hymenocallis.

Pan"cre*as (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; flesh, meat:
cf. F. pancrÈas.] (Anat.) The sweetbread, a gland connected with the
intestine of nearly all vertebrates. It is usually elongated and
light-colored, and its secretion, called the pancreatic juice, is
discharged, often together with the bile, into the upper part of the
intestines, and is a powerful aid in digestion. See Illust. of
Digestive apparatus.

Pan`cre*at"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pancrÈatique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining
to the pancreas; as, the pancreatic secretion, digestion, ferments.

Pancreatic juice (Physiol.), a colorless alkaline fluid secreted
intermittently by the pancreatic gland. It is one of the most important
of the digestive fluids, containing at least three distinct ferments,
trypsin, steapsin and an amylolytic ferment, by which it acts upon all
three classes of food stuffs. See Pancreas.

Pan"cre*a*tin (?), n. [See Pancreas.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of the
digestive ferments of the pancreatic juice; also, a preparation
containing such a ferment, made from the pancreas of animals, and used
in medicine as an aid to digestion.

By some the term pancreatin is restricted to the amylolytic ferment of
the pancreatic juice, by others it is applied to trypsin, and by still
others to steapsin.

Pan"cy (?), n. See Pansy. [Obs.] Dryden.

Pan"da (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small Asiatic mammal (Ailurus fulgens) having
fine soft fur. It is related to the bears, and inhabits the mountains
of Northern India.

||Pan*da"nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Malay pandan.] (Bot.) A genus of
||endogenous plants. See Screw pine.

Pan"dar (?), n. Same as Pander. "Seized by the pandar of Appius."
Macaulay.

Pan"dar*ism (?), n. Same as Panderism. Swift.

Pan"dar*ize (?), v. i. To pander. [Obs.]

Pan"dar*ous (?), a. Panderous. [Obs.]

Pan*de"an, a. [From 4th Pan.] Of or relating to the god Pan.

Pandean pipes, a primitive wind instrument, consisting of a series of
short hollow reeds or pipes, graduated in length by the musical scale,
and fastened together side by side; a syrinx; a mouth organ; -- said to
have been invented by Pan. Called also Pan's pipes and Panpipes.

Pan"dect (?), n. [L. pandecta, pandectes, Gr. &?; all-receiving,
all-containing; &?;, &?;, all + &?; to receive: cf. F. pandectes, pl.]
1. A treatise which comprehends the whole of any science.

    [Thou] a pandect mak'st, and universal book.


Donne.

2. pl. The digest, or abridgment, in fifty books, of the decisions,
writings, and opinions of the old Roman jurists, made in the sixth
century by direction of the emperor Justinian, and forming the leading
compilation of the Roman civil law. Kent.

Pan*dem"ic (?), a. [L. pandemus, Gr. &?;, &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; the
people: cf. F. pandÈmique.] Affecting a whole people or a number of
countries; everywhere epidemic. -- n. A pandemic disease. Harvey.

Pan`de*mo"ni*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;, &?;, all + &?; a demon.] 1.
The great hall or council chamber of demons or evil spirits. Milton.

2. An utterly lawless, riotous place or assemblage.

Pan"der (?), n. [From Pandarus, a leader in the Trojan army, who is
represented by Chaucer and Shakespeare as having procured for Troilus
the possession of Cressida.]

1. A male bawd; a pimp; a procurer.

    Thou art the pander to her dishonor.


Shak.

2. Hence, one who ministers to the evil designs and passions of
another.

    Those wicked panders to avarice and ambition.


Burke.

Pan"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pandered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pandering.]
To play the pander for.

Pan"der, v. i. To act the part of a pander.

Pan"der*age (?), n. The act of pandering.

Pan"der*ism (?), n. The employment, arts, or practices of a pander. Bp.
Hall.

Pan"der*ly, a. Having the quality of a pander. "O, you panderly
rascals." Shak.

Pan*der"mite (?), n. [From Panderma, a port on the Black Sea from which
it is exported.] (Min.) A hydrous borate of lime, near priceite.

Pan"der*ous (?), a. Of or relating to a pander; characterizing a
pander.

Pan*dic"u*la`ted (?), a. [See Pandiculation.] Extended; spread out;
stretched.

Pan*dic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. pandiculari to stretch one's self, fr.
pandere to spread out.] A stretching and stiffening of the trunk and
extremities, as when fatigued and drowsy.

Pan"dit (?), n. See Pundit.

Pan"door (?), n. Same as Pandour.

Pan*do"ra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Pandw`ra; pa^s, pa^n, all + dw^ron a
gift.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A beautiful woman (all-gifted), whom Jupiter
caused Vulcan to make out of clay in order to punish the human race,
because Prometheus had stolen the fire from heaven. Jupiter gave
Pandora a box containing all human ills, which, when the box was
opened, escaped and spread over the earth. Hope alone remained in the
box. Another version makes the box contain all the blessings of the
gods, which were lost to men when Pandora opened it.

2. (Zoˆl.) A genus of marine bivalves, in which one valve is flat, the
other convex.

Pan"dore (?), n. [F. See Bandore.] An ancient musical instrument, of
the lute kind; a bandore. [Written also pandoran.]

Pan"dour (?), n. One of a class of Hungarian mountaineers serving in
the Austrian army; -- so called from Pandur, a principal town in the
region from which they originally came. [Written also pandoor.]

    Her whiskered pandours and her fierce hussars.


Campbell.

Pan*dow"dy (?), n. A deep pie or pudding made of baked apples, or of
sliced bread and apples baked together, with no bottom crust.

{ Pan"du*rate, Pan*du"ri*form (?), } a. [L. pandura a pandore + -form:
cf. F. panduriforme.] Obovate, with a concavity in each side, like the
body of a violin; fiddle-shaped; as, a panduriform leaf; panduriform
color markings of an animal.

Pane (?), n. [F. panne.] The narrow edge of a hammer head. See Peen.

Pane, n. [OE. pan part, portion of a thing, F. pan a skirt, lappet,
part or piece of a wall, side, fr. L. pannus a cloth, fillet, rag; akin
to E. vane. See Vane, and cf. Panel, Pawn pledge.] 1. A division; a
distinct piece, limited part, or compartment of any surface; a patch;
hence, a square of a checkered or plaided pattern.

2. One of the openings in a slashed garment, showing the bright colored
silk, or the like, within; hence, the piece of colored or other stuff
so shown.

3. (Arch.) (a) A compartment of a surface, or a flat space; hence, one
side or face of a building; as, an octagonal tower is said to have
eight panes. (b) Especially, in modern use, the glass in one
compartment of a window sash.

4. In irrigating, a subdivision of an irrigated surface between a
feeder and an outlet drain.

5. (a) One of the flat surfaces, or facets, of any object having
several sides. (b) One of the eight facets surrounding the table of a
brilliant cut diamond.

Paned (?), a. 1. Having panes; provided with panes; also, having
openings; as, a paned window; paned window sash. "Paned hose."
Massinger.

2. (Mach.) Having flat sides or surfaces; as, a six&?;paned nut.

Pan`e*gyr"ic (?), n. [L. panegyricus, Gr. panhgyrico`s: cf. F.
panÈgyrique. See Panegyric, a.] An oration or eulogy in praise of some
person or achievement; a formal or elaborate encomium; a laudatory
discourse; laudation. See Synonym of Eulogy.

{ Pan`e*gyr"ic (?), Pan`e*gyr"ic*al (?), } a. [L. panegyricus, Gr.
panhgyrico`s, from &?; an assembly of the people, a high festival; pa^,
pa^n all + &?;, an assembly.] Containing praise or eulogy; encomiastic;
laudatory. "Panegyric strains." Pope. -- Pan`e*gyr"ic*al*ly, adv.

    Some of his odes are panegyrical.


Dryden.

Pa*neg"y*ris (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;. See Panegyric.] A festival; a
public assembly. [Obs.] S. Harris.

Pan"e*gyr`ist (?), n. [L. panegyrista, Gr. &?; one who attends a &?;:
cf. &?; to celebrate or attend a public festival, to make a set speech,
esp. a panegyric, in a public assembly. See Panegyric.] One who
delivers a panegyric; a eulogist; one who extols or praises, either by
writing or speaking.

    If these panegyrists are in earnest.


Burke.

Pan"e*gy*rize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Panegyrized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Panegyrizing (?).] [Gr. &?;. See Panegyrist.] To praise highly; to
extol in a public speech; to write or deliver a panegyric upon; to
eulogize.

Pan"e*gy*rize, v. i. To indulge in panegyrics. Mitford.

Pan"e*gyr`y (?), n. A panegyric. [Obs.] Milton.

Pan"el (?), n. [Orig., a little piece; OF. panel, pannel, F. panneau,
dim. of pan skirt, lappet, part or piece of a wall, side. See 2d Pane.]
1. (Arch.) A sunken compartment with raised margins, molded or
otherwise, as in ceilings, wainscotings, etc.

<! p. 1036 !>

2. (Law) (a) A piece of parchment or a schedule, containing the names
of persons summoned as jurors by the sheriff; hence, more generally,
the whole jury. Blackstone. (b) (Scots Law) A prisoner arraigned for
trial at the bar of a criminal court. Burrill.

3. Formerly, a piece of cloth serving as a saddle; hence, a soft pad
beneath a saddletree to prevent chafing.

4. (Joinery) A board having its edges inserted in the groove of a
surrounding frame; as, the panel of a door.

5. (Masonry) One of the faces of a hewn stone. Gwilt.

6. (Painting) A slab or plank of wood upon which, instead of canvas, a
picture is painted.

7. (Mining) (a) A heap of dressed ore. (b) One of the districts divided
by pillars of extra size, into which a mine is laid off in one system
of extracting coal.

8. (Dressmaking) A plain strip or band, as of velvet or plush, placed
at intervals lengthwise on the skirt of a dress, for ornament.

9. A portion of a framed structure between adjacent posts or struts, as
in a bridge truss.

Panel game, a method of stealing money in a panel house. -- Panel
house, a house of prostitution in which the rooms have secret entrances
to facilitate theft by accomplices of the inmates. -- Panel saw,
handsaw with fine teeth, -- used for cutting out panels, etc. -- Panel
thief, one who robs in a panel house.

Pan"el (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paneled (?) or Panelled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Paneling or Panelling.] To form in or with panels; as, to panel a
wainscot.

Paneled back (Arch.), the paneled work covering the window back. See
Window back.

Pan`el*a"tion (?), n. The act of impaneling a jury. [Obs.] [Written
also panellation.] Wood.

Pane"less (?), a. Without panes.

    To patch his paneless window.


Shenstone.

Pan"el*ing (?), n. A forming in panels; panelwork. [Written also
panelling.]

Pan"el*work` (?), n. (Arch.) Wainscoting.

Pan*eu"lo*gism (?), n. [See Pan-, Eulogy.] Eulogy of everything;
indiscriminate praise. [R.]

    Her book has a trace of the cant of paneulogism.


National Rev.

Pan"ful (?), n.; pl. Panfuls (#). [See 5th Pan.] Enough to fill a pan.

Pang (?), n. [Prob. for older prange. Cf. Prong.] A paroxysm of extreme
pain or anguish; a sudden and transitory agony; a throe; as, the pangs
of death.

Syn. -- Agony; anguish; distress. See Agony.

Pang, v. t. To torture; to cause to have great pain or suffering; to
torment. [R.] Shak.

Pan*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Pan- + genesis.] (Biol.) An hypothesis advanced
by Darwin in explanation of heredity.

The theory rests on the assumption, that the whole organization, in the
sense of every separate atom or unit, reproduces itself, the cells
throwing off minute granules called gemmules, which circulate freely
throughout the system and multiply by subdivision. These gemmules
collect in the reproductive organs and products, or in buds, so that
the egg or bud contains gemmules from all parts of the parent or
parents, which in development give rise to cells in the offspring
similar to those from which they were given off in the parent. The
hypothesis also assumes that these gemmules need not in all cases
develop into cells, but may lie dormant, and be transmitted from
generation to generation without producing a noticeable effect until a
case of atavism occurs.

Pan`ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to pangenesis.

Pang"ful (?), a. Full of pangs. Richardson.

Pang"less, a. Without a pang; painless. Byron.

Pan"go*lin (?), n. [Malay pang&?;lang.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of several
species of Manis, Pholidotus, and related genera, found in Africa and
Asia. They are covered with imbricated scales, and feed upon ants.
Called also scaly ant-eater.

Pan*goth"ic (?), a. [Pan- + Gothic.] Of, pertaining to, or including,
all the Gothic races. "Ancestral Pangothic stock." Earle.

Pan`hel*len"ic (?), a. [See Panhellenium.] Of or pertaining to all
Greece, or to Panhellenism; including all Greece, or all the Greeks.

Pan*hel"len*ism (?), n. A scheme to unite all the Greeks in one
political body.

Pan*hel"len*ist, n. An advocate of Panhellenism.

Pan`hel*le"ni*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; the
Greeks.] (Gr. Antiq.) An assembly or association of Greeks from all the
states of Greece.

Pan"ic (?), n. [L. panicum.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Panicum; panic
grass; also, the edible grain of some species of panic grass.

Panic grass (Bot.), any grass of the genus Panicum.

Pan"ic, a. [Gr. &?; of or pertaining to &?; Pan, to whom the causing of
sudden fright was ascribed: cf. F. panique.] Extreme or sudden and
causeless; unreasonable; - - said of fear or fright; as, panic fear,
terror, alarm. "A panic fright." Dryden.

Pan"ic, n. [Gr. &?; (with or without &?; fear): cf. F. panigue. See
Panic, a.] 1. A sudden, overpowering fright; esp., a sudden and
groundless fright; terror inspired by a trifling cause or a
misapprehension of danger; as, the troops were seized with a panic;
they fled in a panic.

2. By extension: A sudden widespread fright or apprehension concerning
financial affairs.

Pan"ic*al (?), a. See Panic, a. [Obs.] Camden.

Pan"i*cle (?), n. [L. panicula a tuft on plants, dim. of panus the
thread wound upon the bobbin in a shuttle; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;; prob. akin
to E. pane: cf. F. panicule. See 2d Pane.] (Bot.) A pyramidal form of
inflorescence, in which the cluster is loosely branched below and
gradually simpler toward the end.

Pan"i*cled (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with panicles; arranged in, or
like, panicles; paniculate.

{ Pan"ic-strick`en (?), Pan"ic-struck` (?) }, a. Struck with a panic,
or sudden fear. Burke.

{ Pa*nic"u*late (?), Pa*nic"u*la`ted (?), } a. [See Panicle.] (Bot)
Same as Panicled.

||Pan"i*cum (?), n. [L., panic grass.] (Bot.) A genus of grasses,
||including several hundred species, some of which are valuable; panic
||grass.

Pan*id`i*o*mor"phic (?), a. [Pan- + idiomorphic.] (Geol.) Having a
completely idiomorphic structure; -- said of certain rocks.

Pan"ier (?), n. See Pannier, 3. [Obs.]

Pan`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. panis bread + -ficare (in comp.) to make:
cf. F. panification.] The act or process of making bread. Ure.

Pa"nim (?), n. See Painim. [Obs.] Milton.

Pan*is"lam*ism (?), n. [Pan- + Islamism.] A desire or plan for the
union of all Mohammedan nations for the conquest of the world.

Pa*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. panis bread + vorare to devour.] Eating
bread; subsisting on bread.

Pan*nade" (?), n. The curvet of a horse.

Pan"nage (?), n. [OF. pasnage, LL. pasnadium, pastinaticum, fr.
pastionare to feed on mast, as swine, fr. L. pastio a pasturing,
grazing. See Pastor.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) The food of swine in the woods,
as beechnuts, acorns, etc.; -- called also pawns. (b) A tax paid for
the privilege of feeding swine in the woods.

Pan"na*ry (?), a. See Panary. Loudon.

Pan"nel (?), n. [See Panel.] 1. A kind of rustic saddle. Tusser.

2. (Falconry) The stomach of a hawk. Ainsworth.

3. (Mil.) A carriage for conveying a mortar and its bed, on a march.
Farrow.

Pan"nier (?), n. [F. panier, fr. L. panarium a bread basket, fr. panis
bread. Cf. Pantry.] 1. A bread basket; also, a wicker basket (used
commonly in pairs) for carrying fruit or other things on a horse or an
ass Hudibras.

2. (Mil. Antiq.) A shield of basket work formerly used by archers as a
shelter from the enemy's missiles.

3. A table waiter at the Inns of Court, London.

4. A framework of steel or whalebone, worn by women to expand their
dresses; a kind of bustle.

Pan"niered (?), a. Bearing panniers. Wordsworth.

Pan"ni*kel (?), n. [See Pan a dish.] The brainpan, or skull; hence, the
crest. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pan"ni*kin (?), n. [Dim. of pan a dish.] A small pan or cup. Marryat.
Thackeray.

Pan"nose` (?), a. [See Pannus.] (Bot.) Similar in texture or appearance
to felt or woolen cloth.

||Pan"nus (?), n. [L., cloth. See 2d Pane.] (Med.) A very vascular
||superficial opacity of the cornea, usually caused by granulation of
||the eyelids. Foster.

Pan`o*is"tic (?), a. [Pan- + Gr. &?; an egg.] (Zoˆl.) Producing ova
only; -- said of the ovaries of certain insects which do not produce
vitelligenous cells.

Pan`om*phe"an (?), a. [L. panomphaeus, Gr. &?;.] Uttering ominous or
prophetic voices; divining. [R.]

    We want no half gods, panomphean Joves.


Mrs. Browning.

Pan"o*plied (?), a. Dressed in panoply.

Pan"o*ply (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; tool, implement, in
pl., armor, arms.] Defensive armor in general; a full suit of defensive
armor. Milton.

    We had need to take the Christian panoply, to put on the whole
    armor of God.


Ray.

Pa*nop"ti*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan- , and Optic.]

1. A prison so contructed that the inspector can see each of the
prisoners at all times, without being seen.

2. A room for the exhibition of novelties.

Pan`o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, all + &?; that which is
seen, a view, fr. &?; to see. See Pan- , and Wary.]

1. A complete view in every direction.

2. A picture presenting a view of objects in every direction, as from a
central point.

3. A picture representing scenes too extended to be beheld at once, and
so exhibited a part at a time, by being unrolled, and made to pass
continuously before the spectator.

{ Pan`o*ram"ic (?), Pan`o*ram"ic*al (?), } a. Of, pertaining to, or
like, a panorama.

Panoramic camera. See under Camera.

Pa*nor"pi*an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Panorpa.
-- n. Same as Panorpid.

Pa*nor"pid (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any neuropterous insect of the genus
Panorpa, and allied genera. The larvÊ feed on plant lice.

Pan*phar"ma*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan- , and Pharmacon.] A medicine for
all diseases; a panacea. [R.]

Pan`pres`by*te"ri*an (?), a. [Pan-  + Presbyterian.] Belonging to, or
representative of, those who hold Presbyterian views in all parts of
the world; as, a Panpresbyterian council.

{ Pan`sclav"ic (?), Pan`sclav"ism (?), Pan`sclav"ist, Pan`scla*vo"ni*an
(?) }. See Panslavic, Panslavism, etc.

Pan"shon (?), n. An earthen vessel wider at the top than at the bottom,
-- used for holding milk and for various other purposes. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

Pan"sied (?), a. [From Pansy.] Covered or adorned with pansies. "The
pansied grounds." Darwin.

Pan`slav"ic (?), a. [Pan- + Slavic.] Pertaining to all the Slavic
races.

Pan`slav"ism (?), n. A scheme or desire to unite all the Slavic races
into one confederacy.

Pan`slav"ist (?), n. One who favors Panslavism.

Pan`sla*vo"ni*an (?), a. See Panslavic.

Pan*soph"ic*al (?), a. [See Pansophy.] All-wise; claiming universal
knowledge; as, pansophical pretenders. [R.] John Worthington.

Pan"so*phy (?), n. [Pan- + Gr. &?; wisdom, &?; wise: cf. F. pansophie.]
Universal wisdom; esp., a system of universal knowledge proposed by
Comenius (1592 -- 1671), a Moravian educator. [R.] Hartlib.

{ Pan*sper"ma*tist (?), Pan"sper`mist (?), } n. (Biol.) A believer in
panspermy; one who rejects the theory of spontaneous generation; a
biogenist.

Pan`sper"mic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to panspermy; as, the
panspermic hypothesis.

Pan"sper`my (?), n. [Pan- + Gr. &?; a seed.] (Biol.) (a) The doctrine
of the widespread distribution of germs, from which under favorable
circumstances bacteria, vibrios, etc., may develop. (b) The doctrine
that all organisms must come from living parents; biogenesis; -- the
opposite of spontaneous generation.

Pan*ste`re*o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, all + &?; solid +
&?; a view.] A model of a town or country, in relief, executed in wood,
cork, pasteboard, or the like. Brande & C.

Pan"sy (?), n.; pl. Pansies (#). [F. PensÈe thought, pansy, fr. penser
to think, L. pensare to weigh, ponder. See Pensive.] (Bot.) A plant of
the genus Viola (V. tricolor) and its blossom, originally purple and
yellow. Cultivated varieties have very large flowers of a great
diversity of colors. Called also heart's-ease, love-in-idleness, and
many other quaint names.

Pant (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Panted; p. pr. & vb. n. Panting.] [Cf. F.
panteler to gasp for breath, OF. panteisier to be breathless, F.
pantois out of breath; perh. akin to E. phantom, the verb prob. orig.
meaning, to have the nightmare.] 1. To breathe quickly or in a labored
manner, as after exertion or from eagerness or excitement; to respire
with heaving of the breast; to gasp.

    Pluto plants for breath from out his cell.


Dryden.

2. Hence: To long eagerly; to desire earnestly.

    As the hart panteth after the water brooks.


Ps. xlii. 1.

    Who pants for glory finds but short repose.


Pope.

3. To beat with unnatural violence or rapidity; to palpitate, or throb;
-- said of the heart. Spenser.

4. To sigh; to flutter; to languish. [Poetic]

    The whispering breeze Pants on the leaves, and dies upon the trees.


Pope.

Pant, v. t. 1. To breathe forth quickly or in a labored manner; to gasp
out.

    There is a cavern where my spirit Was panted forth in anguish.


Shelley.

2. To long for; to be eager after. [R.]

    Then shall our hearts pant thee.


Herbert.

Pant, n. 1. A quick breathing; a catching of the breath; a gasp.
Drayton.

2. A violent palpitation of the heart. Shak.

Pan"ta- (?). See Pan-.

Pan"ta*ble (?), n. See Pantofle. [Obs.]

Pan"ta*cosm (?), n. [Panta- + Gr. ko`smos universe.] See Cosmolabe.

Pan"ta*graph (?), n. See Pantograph.

Pan*tag"ru*el*ism (?), n. [From Pantagruel, one of the characters of
Rabelais.] 1. The theory or practice of the medical profession; -- used
in burlesque or ridicule.

2. An assumption of buffoonery to cover some serious purpose. [R.]
Donaldson.

Pan`ta*let" (?), n. [Dim. of pantaloon.] One of the legs of the loose
drawers worn by children and women; particularly, the lower part of
such a garment, coming below the knee, often made in a separate piece;
-- chiefly in the plural.

Pan`ta*loon" (?), n. [F. pantalon, fr. It. pantalone, a masked
character in the Italian comedy, who wore breeches and stockings that
were all of one piece, from Pantaleone, the patron saint of Venice,
which, as a baptismal name, is very frequent among the Venetians, and
is applied to them by the other Italians as a nickname, fr. Gr. &?;,
lit., all lion, a Greek personal name.] 1. A ridiculous character, or
an old dotard, in the Italian comedy; also, a buffoon in pantomimes.
Addison.

    The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slippered pantaloon.


Shak.

2. pl. A bifurcated garment for a man, covering the body from the waist
downwards, and consisting of breeches and stockings in one.

3. pl. In recent times, same as Trousers.

Pan`ta*loon"er*y (?), n. 1. The character or performances of a
pantaloon; buffoonery. [R.] Lamb.

2. Materials for pantaloons.

Pan"ta*morph (?), n. That which assumes, or exists in, all forms.

Pan`ta*mor"phic (?), a. [Panta- + Gr. &?; form.] Taking all forms.

Pan"ta*scope (?), n. [Panta- + -scope.] (Photog.) A pantascopic camera.

Pan`ta*scop"ic (?), a. Viewing all; taking a view of the whole. See
under Camera.

<! p. 1037 !>

||Pan`ta*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, all + &?;, &?;,
||mouth.] (Zoˆl.) One of the divisions of Flagellata, including the
||monads and allied forms.

Pan*tech"ni*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan- , and Technic.] A depository or
place where all sorts of manufactured articles are collected for sale.

Pan*tel"e*graph (?), n. [Pan- + telegraph.] See under Telegraph.

Pant"er (?), n. One who pants. Congreve.

Pan"ter (?), n.[F. panetier. See Pantry.] A keeper of the pantry; a
pantler. [Obs.] Tyndale.

Pan"ter, n. [See Painter a rope.] A net; a noose. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pan`teu*ton"ic (?), a. [Pan- + Teutonic.] Of or pertaining to all the
Teutonic races.

Pan"the*ism (?), n. [Pan- + theism.] The doctrine that the universe,
taken or conceived of as a whole, is God; the doctrine that there is no
God but the combined force and laws which are manifested in the
existing universe; cosmotheism.

Pan"the*ist, n. One who holds to pantheism.

{ Pan`the*is"tic (?), Pan`the*is"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to
pantheism; founded in, or leading to, pantheism. --
Pan`the*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

Pan`the*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pantheology.

Pan`the*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Pan- + theology.] A system of theology
embracing all religions; a complete system of theology.

Pan*the"on (?), n. [L. pantheon, pantheum, Gr. &?; (sc. &?;), fr. &?;
of all gods; &?;, &?;, all + &?; a god: cf. F. panthÈon. See Pan-, and
Theism.] 1. A temple dedicated to all the gods; especially, the
building so called at Rome.

2. The collective gods of a people, or a work treating of them; as, a
divinity of the Greek pantheon.

Pan"ther (?), n. [OE. pantere, F. panthËre, L. panthera, Gr. &?;, prob.
fr. Skr. pundrka a tiger.]

1. (Zoˆl.) A large dark-colored variety of the leopard, by some
zoˆlogists considered a distinct species. It is marked with large
ringlike spots, the centers of which are darker than the color of the
body.

2. (Zoˆl.) In America, the name is applied to the puma, or cougar, and
sometimes to the jaguar.

Panther cat (Zoˆl.), the ocelot. -- Panther cowry (Zoˆl.), a spotted
East Indian cowry (CyprÊa pantherina); -- so called from its color.

Pan"ther*ess, n. (Zoˆl.) A female panther.

Pan"ther*ine (?), a. Like a panther, esp. in color; as, the pantherine
snake (Ptyas mucosus) of Brazil.

Pan"tile` (?), n. [5th pan + tile.] (Arch.) A roofing tile, of peculiar
form, having a transverse section resembling an elongated S laid on its
side (&?;).

Pant"ing*ly (?), adv. With palpitation or rapid breathing. Shak.

Pan`ti*soc"ra*cy (?), n. [Panto- + Gr. &?; equal + &?; to rule.] A
Utopian community, in which all should rule equally, such as was
devised by Coleridge, Lovell, and Southey, in their younger days.

Pan*tis"o*crat (?), n. A pantisocratist.

Pan`ti*so*crat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pantisocracy.

Pan`ti*soc"ra*tist (?), n. One who favors or supports the theory of a
pantisocracy. Macaulay.

Pan"tler (?), n. [F. panetier. See Panter, Pantry.] The servant or
officer, in a great family, who has charge of the bread and the pantry.
[Obs.] Shak.

Pan"to- (?). See Pan-.

Pan`to*chro*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Panto-  + chronometer.] An instrument
combining a compass, sundial, and universal time dial. Brande & C.

Pan*to"fle (?), n. [F. pantoufle.] A slipper for the foot. [Written
also pantable and pantoble.]

Pan"to*graph (?), n. [Panto- + -graph: cf. F. pantographe.] An
instrument for copying plans, maps, and other drawings, on the same, or
on a reduced or an enlarged, scale. [Written also pantagraph, and
incorrectly pentagraph.]

Skew pantograph, a kind of pantograph for drawing a copy which is
inclined with respect to the original figure; -- also called
plagiograph.

{ Pan`to*graph"ic (?), Pan`to*graph"ic*al (?) }, a. [Cf. F.
pantographique.] Of or pertaining to a pantograph; relating to
pantography.

Pan*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. pantographie.] A general description;
entire view of an object.

Pan`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to pantology.

Pan*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pantology; a writer of pantology.

Pan*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Panto- + -logy.] A systematic view of all
branches of human knowledge; a work of universal information.

Pan*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Panto- + -meter: cf. F. pantomËtre.] An
instrument for measuring angles for determining elevations, distances,
etc.

Pan*tom"e*try (?), n. Universal measurement. [R.] -- Pan`to*met"ric
(#), a. [R.]

Pan"to*mime (?), n. [F., fr. L. pantomimus, Gr. &?;, lit.,
all-imitating; &?;, &?;, all + &?; to imitate: cf. It. pantomimo. See
Mimic.] 1. A universal mimic; an actor who assumes many parts; also,
any actor. [Obs.]

2. One who acts his part by gesticulation or dumb show only, without
speaking; a pantomimist.

    [He] saw a pantomime perform so well that he could follow the
    performance from the action alone.


Tylor.

3. A dramatic representation by actors who use only dumb show; hence,
dumb show, generally.

4. A dramatic and spectacular entertainment of which dumb acting as
well as burlesque dialogue, music, and dancing by Clown, Harlequin,
etc., are features.

Pan"to*mime, a. Representing only in mute actions; pantomimic; as, a
pantomime dance.

{ Pan`to*mim"ic (?), Pan`to*mim"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. pantomimique.]
Of or pertaining to the pantomime; representing by dumb show.
"Pantomimic gesture." Bp. Warburton. -- Pan`to*mim"ic*al*ly, adv.

Pan"to*mi`mist (?), n. An actor in pantomime; also, a composer of
pantomimes.

Pan"ton (?), n. [F. patin. See Patten.] (Far.) A horseshoe to correct a
narrow, hoofbound heel.

Pan*toph"a*gist (?), n. [See Pantophagous.] A person or an animal that
has the habit of eating all kinds of food.

Pan*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; to eat.] Eating
all kinds of food.

Pan*toph"a*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] The habit or power of eating all kinds
of food.

||Pan*top"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Panto-, & -poda.] (Zoˆl.) Same as
||Pycnogonida.

Pan`to*scop"ic (?), a. [Panto- + -scope + -ic.] Literally, seeing
everything; -- a term applied to eyeglasses or spectacles divided into
two segments, the upper being designed for distant vision, the lower
for vision of near objects.

Pan"try (?), n.; pl. Pantries (#). [OE. pantrie, F. paneterie, fr.
panetier pantler, LL. panetarius baker, panetus small loaf of bread, L.
panis bread. Cf. Company, Pannier, Pantler.] An apartment or closet in
which bread and other provisions are kept.

Pan*ur"gic (?), a. [Cf. Gr. &?; knavish.] Skilled in all kinds of work.
"The panurgic Diderot." J. Morley.

Pan"ur*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, properly, ready to do anything;
hence, knavish, roguish; &?;, &?;, all + &?; work.] Skill in all kinds
of work or business; craft. [R.] Bailey.

Pan"yard (?), n. See Pannier. [Obs.] Pepys.

Pa"nym (?), n. & a. See Panim. [Obs.]

Pan*zo"ism (?), n. [Pan- + Gr. &?; an animal.] (Biol.) A term used to
denote all of the elements or factors which constitute vitality or
vital energy. H. Spencer.

||Pa"o*lo (?), n. [It. Cf. Paul.] An old Italian silver coin, worth
||about ten cents.

Pap (?), n. [Cf. OSw. papp. Cf. Pap soft food.]

1. (Anat.) A nipple; a mammilla; a teat. Dryden.

    The paps which thou hast sucked.


Luke xi. 27.

2. A rounded, nipplelike hill or peak; anything resembling a nipple in
shape; a mamelon. Macaulay.

Pap, n. [Cf. D. pap, G. pappe, both perh. fr. L. papa, pappa, the word
with which infants call for food: cf. It. pappa.] 1. A soft food for
infants, made of bread boiled or softtened in milk or water.

2. Nourishment or support from official patronage; as, treasury pap.
[Colloq. & Contemptuous]

3. The pulp of fruit. Ainsworth.

Pap, v. t. To feed with pap. Beau. & Fl.

Pa*pa" (?), n. [F. papa, L. papa; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, a child's word
meaning father. Cf. Pope.]

1. A child's word for father.

2. A parish priest in the Greek Church. Shipley.

Pa`pa*bo"te (?), n. [Probably of Creole origin.] (Zoˆl.) The upland
plover. [Local, U. S.]

Pa"pa*cy (?), n. [LL. papatia, fr. L. papa a father, bishop. See Pope.]
1. The office and dignity of the pope, or pontiff, of Rome; papal
jurisdiction.

2. The popes, collectively; the succession of popes.

3. The Roman Catholic religion; -- commonly used by the opponents of
the Roman Catholics in disparagement or in an opprobrious sense.

Pap"a*gay (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Popinjay, 1 (b).

Pa*pa"in (?), n. [From Papaw.] (Physiol. Chem.) A proteolytic ferment,
like trypsin, present in the juice of the green fruit of the papaw
(Carica Papaya) of tropical America.

Pa"pal (?), a. [F., fr. L. papa bishop. See Papacy.]

1. Of or pertaining to the pope of Rome; proceeding from the pope;
ordered or pronounced by the pope; as, papal jurisdiction; a papal
edict; the papal benediction. Milman.

2. Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church. "Papal Christians."
Bp. Burnet.

Papal cross. See Illust. 3 of Cross. -- Papal crown, the tiara.

Pa"pal*ist (?), n. A papist. [Obs.] Baxter.

Pa*pal"i*ty (?), n. [LL. papalitas: cf. F. papautÈ.] The papacy. [Obs.]
Ld. Berners. Milton.

Pa"pal*ize (?), v. t. To make papal. [R.]

Pa"pal*ize, v. i. To conform to popery. Cowper.

Pa"pal*ly, adv. In a papal manner; popishly

Pa"pal*ty (?), n. The papacy. [Obs.] Milton.

Pa`pa*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. papa bishop + Gr. &?; to fear.]
Intense fear or dread of the pope, or of the Roman Catholic Church.
[R.]

Pa"par*chy (?), n. [L. papa bishop + -archy.] Government by a pope;
papal rule.

||Pa*pa"ver (?), n. [L., poppy.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including
||the poppy.

Pa*pav`er*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a
natural order of plants (PapaveraceÊ) of which the poppy, the
celandine, and the bloodroot are well-known examples.

Pa*pav"er*ine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in opium. It has a
weaker therapeutic action than morphine.

Pa*pav"er*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to the poppy; of the nature of
the poppy. Sir T. Browne.

Pa*paw" (?), n. [Prob. from the native name in the West Indies; cf. Sp.
papayo papaw, papaya the fruit of the papaw.] [Written also pawpaw.] 1.
(Bot.) A tree (Carica Papaya) of tropical America, belonging to the
order PassifloreÊ. It has a soft, spongy stem, eighteen or twenty feet
high, crowned with a tuft of large, long-stalked, palmately lobed
leaves. The milky juice of the plant is said to have the property of
making meat tender. Also, its dull orange-colored, melon-shaped fruit,
which is eaten both raw and cooked or pickled.

2. (Bot.) A tree of the genus Asimina (A. triloba), growing in the
western and southern parts of the United States, and producing a sweet
edible fruit; also, the fruit itself. Gray.

Pap"boat` (?), n. 1. A kind of sauce boat or dish.

2. (Zoˆl.) A large spiral East Indian marine shell (Turbinella rapha);
-- so called because used by native priests to hold the oil for
anointing.

Pape (?), n. [Cf. F. pape, fr. L. papa. See Pope.] A spiritual father;
specifically, the pope. [Obs.]

Pa"pe*jay (?), n. A popinjay. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pa"per (?), n. [F. papier, fr. L. papyrus papyrus, from which the
Egyptians made a kind of paper, Gr. &?;. Cf. Papyrus.] 1. A substance
in the form of thin sheets or leaves intended to be written or printed
on, or to be used in wrapping. It is made of rags, straw, bark, wood,
or other fibrous material, which is first reduced to pulp, then molded,
pressed, and dried.

2. A sheet, leaf, or piece of such substance.

3. A printed or written instrument; a document, essay, or the like; a
writing; as, a paper read before a scientific society.

    They brought a paper to me to be signed.


Dryden.

4. A printed sheet appearing periodically; a newspaper; a journal; as,
a daily paper.

5. Negotiable evidences of indebtedness; notes; bills of exchange, and
the like; as, the bank holds a large amount of his paper.

6. Decorated hangings or coverings for walls, made of paper. See Paper
hangings, below.

7. A paper containing (usually) a definite quantity; as, a paper of
pins, tacks, opium, etc.

8. A medicinal preparation spread upon paper, intended for external
application; as, cantharides paper.

Paper is manufactured in sheets, the trade names of which, together
with the regular sizes in inches, are shown in the following table. But
paper makers vary the size somewhat.

In the manufacture of books, etc., a sheet, of whatever size
originally, is termed, when folded once, a folio; folded twice, a
quarto, or 4to; three times, an octavo, or 8vo; four times, a
sextodecimo, or 16mo; five times, a 32mo; three times, with an offcut
folded twice and set in, a duodecimo, or 12mo; four times, with an
offcut folded three times and set in, a 24mo.

<! p. 1038 !>

Paper is often used adjectively or in combination, having commonly an
obvious signification; as, paper cutter or paper-cutter; paper knife,
paper-knife, or paperknife; paper maker, paper-maker, or papermaker;
paper mill or paper-mill; paper weight, paper-weight, or paperweight,
etc.

Business paper, checks, notes, drafts, etc., given in payment of actual
indebtedness; -- opposed to accommodation paper. -- Fly paper, paper
covered with a sticky preparation, -- used for catching flies. -- Laid
paper. See under Laid. -- Paper birch (Bot.), the canoe birch tree
(Betula papyracea). -- Paper blockade, an ineffective blockade, as by a
weak naval force. -- Paper boat (Naut.), a boat made of water-proof
paper. -- Paper car wheel (Railroad), a car wheel having a steel tire,
and a center formed of compressed paper held between two plate- iron
disks. Forney. -- Paper credit, credit founded upon evidences of debt,
such as promissory notes, duebills, etc. -- Paper hanger, one who
covers walls with paper hangings. -- Paper hangings, paper printed with
colored figures, or otherwise made ornamental, prepared to be pasted
against the walls of apartments, etc.; wall paper. -- Paper house, an
audience composed of people who have come in on free passes. [Cant] --
Paper money, notes or bills, usually issued by government or by a
banking corporation, promising payment of money, and circulated as the
representative of coin. -- Paper mulberry. (Bot.) See under Mulberry.
-- Paper muslin, glazed muslin, used for linings, etc. -- Paper
nautilus. (Zoˆl.) See Argonauta. -- Paper reed (Bot.), the papyrus. - -
Paper sailor. (Zoˆl.) See Argonauta. -- Paper stainer, one who colors
or stamps wall paper. De Colange. -- Paper wasp (Zoˆl.), any wasp which
makes a nest of paperlike material, as the yellow jacket. -- Paper
weight, any object used as a weight to prevent loose papers from being
displaced by wind, or otherwise. -- Parchment paper. See Papyrine. --
Tissue paper, thin, gauzelike paper, such as is used to protect
engravings in books. -- Wall paper. Same as Paper hangings, above. --
Waste paper, paper thrown aside as worthless or useless, except for
uses of little account. -- Wove paper, a writing paper with a uniform
surface, not ribbed or watermarked.

Pa"per (?), a. Of or pertaining to paper; made of paper; resembling
paper; existing only on paper; unsubstantial; as, a paper box; a paper
army.

Pa"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Papered(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Papering.] 1.
To cover with paper; to furnish with paper hangings; as, to paper a
room or a house.

2. To fold or inclose in paper.

3. To put on paper; to make a memorandum of. [Obs.]

Pa"per*weight` (?), n. See under Paper, n.

Pa"per*y (?), a. Like paper; having the thinness or consistence of
paper. Gray.

Pa*pes"cent (?), a. [From Pap soft food.] Containing or producing pap;
like pap. [R.] Arbuthnot.

Pa"pess (?), n. [F. papesse.] A female pope; i. e., the fictitious pope
Joan. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

||Pa`pe*terie" (?), n. [F., paper manufacture, fr. papier paper.] A
||case or box containing paper and materials for writing.

Pa"phi*an (?), a. [L. Paphius, Gr. &?;, from &?; the city Paphos.] Of
or pertaining to Paphos, an ancient city of Cyprus, having a celebrated
temple of Venus; hence, pertaining to Venus, or her rites.

Pa"phi*an, n. A native or inhabitant of Paphos.

||Pa`pier"-ma`chÈ" (?), n. [F. papier m‚chÈ, lit., chewed or mashed
||paper.] A hard and strong substance made of a pulp from paper, mixed
||with sise or glue, etc. It is formed into various articles, usually
||by means of molds.

||Pa*pil"i*o (?), n. [L., a butterfly.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of butterflies.

Formerly it included numerous species which are now placed in other
genera. By many writers it is now restricted to the swallow- tailed
butterflies, like Papilio polyxenes, or asterias, and related species.

Pa*pil`io*na"ceous (?), a. 1. Resembling the butterfly.

2. (Bot.) (a) Having a winged corolla somewhat resembling a butterfly,
as in the blossoms of the bean and pea. (b) Belonging to that suborder
of leguminous plants (PapilionaceÊ) which includes the bean, pea,
vetch, clover, and locust.

||Pa*pil`i*o"nes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Papilio.] (Zoˆl.) The division of
||Lepidoptera which includes the butterflies.

||Pa*pil`i*on"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) The typical butterflies.

Pa*pil"la (?), n.; pl. PapillÊ (#). [L., a nipple, pimple.] Any minute
nipplelike projection; as, the papillÊ of the tongue.

Pap"il*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. papillaire.] Same as Papillose.

Pap"il*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. papillaire.] Of, pertaining to, or
resembling, a papilla or papillÊ; bearing, or covered with, papillÊ;
papillose.

Pap"il*late (?), v. t. & i. To cover with papillÊ; to take the form of
a papilla, or of papillÊ.

Pap"il*late (?), a. Same as Papillose.

Pa*pil"li*form (?), a. [Papilla + -form.] Shaped like a papilla;
mammilliform.

||Pap`il*lo"ma (?), n.; pl. Papillomata (#). [NL. See Papilla, and -
||Oma.] (Med.) A tumor formed by hypertrophy of the papillÊ of the skin
||or mucous membrane, as a corn or a wart. Quain.

Pap`il*lo"ma*tous (?), a. (Med.) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of,
papillomata.

Pap"il*lose` (?), a. [Cf. F. papilleux.] Covered with, or bearing,
papillÊ; resembling papillÊ; papillate; papillar; papillary.

Pap"il*lote (?), n. [F., fr. papillon a butterfly.] a small piece of
paper on which women roll up their hair to make it curl; a curl paper.

Pap"il*lous (?), a. Papillary; papillose.

Pa*pil"lu*late (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having a minute papilla in the center of
a larger elevation or depression.

Pa"pi*on (?), n. [Prob. from native name: cf. Sp. papion.] (Zoˆl.) A
West African baboon (Cynocephalus sphinx), allied to the chacma. Its
color is generally chestnut, varying in tint.

Pa"pism (?), n. [F. papisme. See Pape, Pope.] Popery; -- an offensive
term. Milton.

Pa"pist (?), n. [F. papiste. See Pape, Pope.] A Roman catholic; one who
adheres to the Church of Rome and the authority of the pope; -- an
offensive designation applied to Roman Catholics by their opponents.

{ Pa*pis"tic (?), Pa*pis"tic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. papistique.] Of or
pertaining to the Church of Rome and its doctrines and ceremonies;
pertaining to popery; popish; -- used disparagingly. "The old papistic
worship." T. Warton. -- Pa*pis"tic*al*ly, adv.

Pa"pist*ry (?), n. The doctrine and ceremonies of the Church of Rome;
popery. [R.] Whitgift.

Pa"pized (?), a. [From Pape.] Conformed to popery. [Obs.] "Papized
writers." Fuller.

Pa*poose" (?), n. A babe or young child of Indian parentage in North
America.

Pap"pi*form (?), a. (Bot.) Resembling the pappus of composite plants.

Pap*poose" (?), n. Same as Papoose.

Pappoose root. (Bot.) See Cohosh.

Pap*pose" (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with a pappus; downy.

Pap"pous (?), a. (Bot.) Pappose.

Pap"pus (?), n. [L., an old man or grandfather; hence, a substance
resembling gray hairs, Gr. &?;.] (Bot.) The hairy or feathery appendage
of the achenes of thistles, dandelions, and most other plants of the
order CompositÊ; also, the scales, awns, or bristles which represent
the calyx in other plants of the same order.

Pap"py (?), a. [From Pap soft food.] Like pap; soft; succulent; tender.
Ray.

Pap"u*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Papua.

Pap"u*ars (?), n. pl.; sing. Papuan (&?;). (Ethnol.) The native black
race of Papua or New Guinea, and the adjacent islands.

||Pap"u*la (?), n.; pl. PapulÊ (#). [L.]

1. (Med.) A pimple; a small, usually conical, elevation of the cuticle,
produced by congestion, accumulated secretion, or hypertrophy of
tissue; a papule. Quain.

2. (Zoˆl.) One of the numerous small hollow processes of the integument
between the plates of starfishes.

Pap"u*lar (?), a. 1. Covered with papules.

2. (Med.) Consisting of papules; characterized by the presence of
papules; as, a papular eruption.

Pap"ule (?), n.; pl. Papules (&?;). Same as Papula.

Pap"u*lose` (?), a. (Biol.) Having papulÊ; papillose; as, a papulose
leaf.

Pap"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. pap&?;leux.] Covered with, or characterized
by, papulÊ; papulose.

Pap`y*ra"ceous (?), a. [L. papyraceus made of papyrus.] Made of
papyrus; of the consistency of paper; papery.

Pa*pyr"e*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to papyrus, or to paper;
papyraceous.

Pap"y*rine (?), n. [Cf. F. papyrin made of paper. See Paper.] Imitation
parchment, made by soaking unsized paper in dilute sulphuric acid.

Pa*pyr"o*graph (?), n. [Papyrus + -graph.] An apparatus for multiplying
writings, drawings, etc., in which a paper stencil, formed by writing
or drawing with corrosive ink, is used. The word is also used of other
means of multiplying copies of writings, drawings, etc. See Copygraph,
Hectograph, Manifold.

Pap`y*rog"ra*phy (?), n. The process of multiplying copies of writings,
etc., by means of the papyrograph. -- Pap`y*ro*graph"ic (#), a.

Pa*py"rus (?), n.; pl. Papyri (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;. See Paper.] 1.
(Bot.) A tall rushlike plant (Cyperus Papyrus) of the Sedge family,
formerly growing in Egypt, and now found in Abyssinia, Syria, Sicily,
etc. The stem is triangular and about an inch thick.

2. The material upon which the ancient Egyptians wrote. It was formed
by cutting the stem of the plant into thin longitudinal slices, which
were gummed together and pressed.

3. A manuscript written on papyrus; esp., pl., written scrolls made of
papyrus; as, the papyri of Egypt or Herculaneum.

P‚que (?), n. [F. p‚que.] See Pasch and Easter.

Par (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Parr.

Par, prep. [F., fr. L. per. See Per.] By; with; -- used frequently in
Early English in phrases taken from the French, being sometimes written
as a part of the word which it governs; as, par amour, or paramour; par
cas, or parcase; par fay, or parfay.

Par (?), n. [L. par, adj., equal. See Peer an equal.]

1. Equal value; equality of nominal and actual value; the value
expressed on the face or in the words of a certificate of value, as a
bond or other commercial paper.

2. Equality of condition or circumstances.

At par, at the original price; neither at a discount nor at a premium.
-- Above par, at a premium. -- Below par, at a discount. -- On a par,
on a level; in the same condition, circumstances, position, rank, etc.;
as, their pretensions are on a par; his ability is on a par with his
ambition. -- Par of exchange. See under Exchange. -- Par value, nominal
value; face value.

Par"a- (?). [Gr. para` beside; prob. akin to E. for- in forgive. Cf.
For-.] 1. A prefix signifying alongside of, beside, beyond, against,
amiss; as parable, literally, a placing beside; paradox, that which is
contrary to opinion; parachronism.

2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting: (a) Likeness, similarity, or connection,
or that the substance resembles, but is distinct from, that to the name
of which it is prefixed; as paraldehyde, paraconine, etc.; also, an
isomeric modification. (b) Specifically: (Organ. Chem.) That two groups
or radicals substituted in the benzene nucleus are opposite, or in the
respective positions 1 and 4; 2 and 5; or 3 and 6, as paraxylene;
paroxybenzoic acid. Cf. Ortho-, and Meta-. Also used adjectively.

||Pa*ra" (?), n. [Turk., fr. Per. prah a piece.] A piece of Turkish
||money, usually copper, the fortieth part of a piaster, or about one
||ninth of a cent.

Par`a*ban"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; to pass over.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, a nitrogenous acid which is obtained by the oxidation of
uric acid, as a white crystalline substance (C3N2H2O3); -- also called
oxalyl urea.

Par"a*blast (?), n. [Cf. Gr. &?; to grow beside. See Para-, and
-blast.] (Biol.) A portion of the mesoblast (of peripheral origin) of
the developing embryo, the cells of which are especially concerned in
forming the first blood and blood vessels. C. S. Minot.

Par`a*blas"tic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to the parablast; as,
the parablastic cells.

Par"a*ble (?), a. [L. parabilis, fr. parare to provide.] Procurable.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Par"a*ble, n. [F. parabole, L. parabola, fr. Gr. &?; a placing beside
or together, a comparing, comparison, a parable, fr. &?; to throw
beside, compare; para` beside + &?; to throw; cf. Skr. gal to drop. Cf.
Emblem, Gland, Palaver, Parabola, Parley, Parabole, Symbol.] A
comparison; a similitude; specifically, a short fictitious narrative of
something which might really occur in life or nature, by means of which
a moral is drawn; as, the parables of Christ. Chaucer.

    Declare unto us the parable of the tares.


Matt. xiii. 36.

Syn. -- See Allegory, and Note under Apologue.

Par"a*ble, v. t. To represent by parable. [R.]

    Which by the ancient sages was thus parabled.


Milton.

Pa*rab"o*la (?), n.; pl. Parabolas (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; -- so called
because its axis is parallel to the side of the cone. See Parable, and
cf. Parabole.] (Geom.) (a) A kind of curve; one of the conic sections
formed by the intersection of the surface of a cone with a plane
parallel to one of its sides. It is a curve, any point of which is
equally distant from a fixed point, called the focus, and a fixed
straight line, called the directrix. See Focus. (b) One of a group of
curves defined by the equation y = axn where n is a positive whole
number or a positive fraction. For the cubical parabola n = 3; for the
semicubical parabola n = . See under Cubical, and Semicubical. The
parabolas have infinite branches, but no rectilineal asymptotes.

||Pa*rab"o*le (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;. See Parable.] (Rhet.)
||Similitude; comparison.

{ Par`a*bol"ic (?), Par`a*bol"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. paraboliko`s
figurative: cf. F. parabolique. See Parable.]

1. Of the nature of a parable; expressed by a parable or figure;
allegorical; as, parabolical instruction.

2. [From Parabola.] (Geom.) (a) Having the form or nature of a
parabola; pertaining to, or resembling, a parabola; as, a parabolic
curve. (b) Generated by the revolution of a parabola, or by a line that
moves on a parabola as a directing curve; as, a parabolic conoid.

Parabolic conoid, a paraboloid; a conoid whose directing curve is a
parabola. See Conoid. -- Parabolic mirror (Opt.), a mirror having a
paraboloidal surface which gives for parallel rays (as those from very
distant objects) images free from aberration. It is used in reflecting
telescopes. -- Parabolic spindle, the solid generated by revolving the
portion of a parabola cut off by a line drawn at right angles to the
axis of the curve, about that line as an axis. -- Parabolic spiral, a
spiral curve conceived to be formed by the periphery of a semiparabola
when its axis is wrapped about a circle; also, any other spiral curve
having an analogy to the parabola.

<! p. 1039 !>

Par`a*bol"ic*al*ly (pr`*bl"*kal*l), adv. 1. By way of parable; in a
parabolic manner.

2. In the form of a parabola.

Par`a*bol"i*form (-*fÙrm), a. [Parabola + -form.] Resembling a parabola
in form.

Pa*rab"o*lism (p*rb"*lz'm), n. [From Parabola.] (Alg.) The division of
the terms of an equation by a known quantity that is involved in the
first term. [Obs.]

Pa*rab"o*list (-lst), n. A narrator of parables.

Pa*rab"o*loid (-loid), n. [Parabola + -oid: cf. F. paraboloÔde.]
(Geom.) The solid generated by the rotation of a parabola about its
axis; any surface of the second order whose sections by planes parallel
to a given line are parabolas.

The term paraboloid has sometimes been applied also to the parabolas of
the higher orders. Hutton.

Par`a*bo*loid"al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a
paraboloid.

||Par`a*bron"chi*um (?), n.; pl. Parabronchia (#). [NL. See Para-,
||Bronchia.] (Anat.) One of the branches of an ectobronchium or
||entobronchium.

Par`a*cel"si*an (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or in conformity with, the
practice of Paracelsus, a Swiss physician of the 15th century. Ferrand.

Par`a*cel"si*an, n. A follower of Paracelsus or his practice or
teachings. Hakewill.

Par`a*cel"sist (?), n. A Paracelsian.

||Par`a*cen*te"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to pierce at the
||side, to tap.] (Med.) The perforation of a cavity of the body with a
||trocar, aspirator, or other suitable instrument, for the evacuation
||of effused fluid, pus, or gas; tapping.

{ Par`a*cen"tric (?), Par`a*cen"tric*al (?), } a. [Pref. para- +
centric, - ical: cf. F. paracentrique.] Deviating from circularity;
changing the distance from a center.

Paracentric curve (Math.), a curve having the property that, when its
plane is placed vertically, a body descending along it, by the force of
gravity, will approach to, or recede from, a fixed point or center, by
equal distances in equal times; -- called also a paracentric. --
Paracentric motton or velocity, the motion or velocity of a revolving
body, as a planet, by which it approaches to, or recedes from, the
center, without reference to its motion in space, or to its motion as
reckoned in any other direction.

Par`a*chor"dal (?), a. [Pref. para-  + chordal.] (Anat.) Situated on
either side of the notochord; -- applied especially to the
cartilaginous rudiments of the skull on each side of the anterior part
of the notochord. -- n. A parachordal cartilage.

Pa*rach"ro*nism (?), n. [Pref. para-  + Gr. &?; time: cf. F.
parachronisme.] An error in chronology, by which the date of an event
is set later than the time of its occurrence. [R.]

Par"a*chrose (?), a. [Gr. &?; false coloring; para` beside, beyond +
&?; color.] (Min.) Changing color by exposure Mohs.

Par"a*chute (?), n. [F., fr. paper to ward off, guard + chute a fall.
See Parry, and Chute, Chance.]

1. A contrivance somewhat in the form of an umbrella, by means of which
a descent may be made from a balloon, or any eminence.

2. (Zoˆl.) A web or fold of skin which extends between the legs of
certain mammals, as the flying squirrels, colugo, and phalangister.

Par"a*clete (?), n. [L. paracletus, Gr. &?;, from &?; to call to one,
to exhort, encourage; para` beside + &?; to call.] An advocate; one
called to aid or support; hence, the Consoler, Comforter, or
Intercessor; -- a term applied to the Holy Spirit.

    From which intercession especially I conceive he hath the name of
    the Paraclete given him by Christ.


Bp. Pearson.

Par"a*close (?), n. (Arch.) See Parclose.

Par`ac*mas"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Para-, and Acme.] (Med.) Gradually
decreasing; past the acme, or crisis, as a distemper. Dunglison.

Par`a*con"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + aconitic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or designating, an organic acid obtained as a deliquescent white
crystalline substance, and isomeric with itaconic, citraconic, and
mesaconic acids.

Par`a*co"nine (?), n. [Pref. para-  + conine.] (Chem.) A base
resembling and isomeric with conine, and obtained as a colorless liquid
from butyric aldehyde and ammonia.

||Par`a*co*rol"la (?), n. [Pref. para- + corolla.] (Bot.) A secondary
||or inner corolla; a corona, as of the Narcissus.

Par`a*cros"tic (?), n. [Pref. para-  + acrostic.] A poetical
composition, in which the first verse contains, in order, the first
letters of all the verses of the poem. Brande & C.

Par`a*cy*an"o*gen (?), n. [Pref. para- + cyanogen.] (Chem.) A polymeric
modification of cyanogen, obtained as a brown or black amorphous
residue by heating mercuric cyanide.

Par`a*cy"mene, n. [Pref. para- + cymene.] (Chem.) Same as Cymene.

||Par`a*dac"ty*lum, n.; pl. Paradactyla (#). [NL. See Para-, and
||Dactyl.] (Zoˆl.) The side of a toe or finger.

Pa*rade" (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. parada a halt or stopping, an assembling
for exercise, a place where troops are assembled to exercise, fr. parar
to stop, to prepare. See Pare, v. t.] 1. The ground where a military
display is held, or where troops are drilled.

2. (Mil.) An assembly and orderly arrangement or display of troops, in
full equipments, for inspection or evolutions before some superior
officer; a review of troops. Parades are general, regimental, or
private (troop, battery, or company), according to the force assembled.

3. Pompous show; formal display or exhibition.

    Be rich, but of your wealth make no parade.


Swift.

4. That which is displayed; a show; a spectacle; an imposing
procession; the movement of any body marshaled in military order; as, a
parade of firemen.

    In state returned the grand parade.


Swift.

5. Posture of defense; guard. [A Gallicism.]

    When they are not in parade, and upon their guard.


Locke.

6. A public walk; a promenade.

Dress parade, Undress parade. See under Dress, and Undress. -- Parade
rest, a position of rest for soldiers, in which, however, they are
required to be silent and motionless. Wilhelm.

Syn. -- Ostentation; display; show. -- Parade, Ostentation. Parade is a
pompous exhibition of things for the purpose of display; ostentation
now generally indicates a parade of virtues or other qualities for
which one expects to be honored. "It was not in the mere parade of
royalty that the Mexican potentates exhibited their power." Robertson.
"We are dazzled with the splendor of titles, the ostentation of
learning, and the noise of victories." Spectator.

Pa*rade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraded; p. pr. & vb. n. Parading.]
[Cf. F. parader.] 1. To exhibit in a showy or ostentatious manner; to
show off.

    Parading all her sensibility.


Byron.

2. To assemble and form; to marshal; to cause to maneuver or march
ceremoniously; as, to parade troops.

Pa*rade", v. i. 1. To make an exhibition or spectacle of one's self, as
by walking in a public place.

2. To assemble in military order for evolutions and inspection; to form
or march, as in review.

Par"a*digm (?), n. [F. paradigme, L. paradigma, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to
show by the side of, to set up as an example; para` beside + &?; to
show. See Para-, and Diction.]

1. An example; a model; a pattern. [R.] "The paradigms and patterns of
all things." Cudworth.

2. (Gram.) An example of a conjugation or declension, showing a word in
all its different forms of inflection.

3. (Rhet.) An illustration, as by a parable or fable.

{ Par`a*dig*mat"ic (?), Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr.
paradeigmatiko`s.] Exemplary. -- Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Par`a*dig*mat"ic, n. (Eccl. Hist.) A writer of memoirs of religious
persons, as examples of Christian excellence.

Par`a*dig"ma*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paradigmatized (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Paradigmatizing (?).] [Gr. paradeigmati`zein. See Paradigm.] To
set forth as a model or example. [Obs.] Hammond.

{ Par`a*di*sa"ic (?), Par`a*di*sa"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to,
or resembling, paradise; paradisiacal. "Paradisaical pleasures." Gray.

Par"a*di`sal (?), a. Paradisiacal.

Par"a*dise (?), n. [OE. & F. paradis, L. paradisus, fr. Gr. para`deisos
park, paradise, fr. Zend pairidaza an inclosure; pairi around (akin to
Gr. &?;) + diz to throw up, pile up; cf. Skr. dih to smear, and E.
dough. Cf. Parvis.]

1. The garden of Eden, in which Adam and Eve were placed after their
creation.

2. The abode of sanctified souls after death.

    To-day shalt thou be with me in paradise.


Luke xxiii. 43.

    It sounds to him like her mother's voice, Singing in Paradise.


Longfellow.

3. A place of bliss; a region of supreme felicity or delight; hence, a
state of happiness.

    The earth Shall be all paradise.


Milton.

    Wrapt in the very paradise of some creative vision.


Beaconsfield.

4. (Arch.) An open space within a monastery or adjoining a church, as
the space within a cloister, the open court before a basilica, etc.

5. A churchyard or cemetery. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss.

Fool's paradise. See under Fool, and Limbo. -- Grains of paradise.
(Bot.) See Melequeta pepper, under Pepper. -- Paradise bird. (Zoˆl.)
Same as Bird of paradise. Among the most beautiful species are the
superb (Lophorina superba); the magnificent (Diphyllodes magnifica);
and the six-shafted paradise bird (Parotia sefilata). The long-billed
paradise birds (EpimachinÊ) also include some highly ornamental
species, as the twelve-wired paradise bird (Seleucides alba), which is
black, yellow, and white, with six long breast feathers on each side,
ending in long, slender filaments. See Bird of paradise in the
Vocabulary. -- Paradise fish (Zoˆl.), a beautiful fresh-water Asiatic
fish (Macropodus viridiauratus) having very large fins. It is often
kept alive as an ornamental fish. -- Paradise flycatcher (Zoˆl.), any
flycatcher of the genus Terpsiphone, having the middle tail feathers
extremely elongated. The adult male of T. paradisi is white, with the
head glossy dark green, and crested. -- Paradise grackle (Zoˆl.), a
very beautiful bird of New Guinea, of the genus Astrapia, having dark
velvety plumage with brilliant metallic tints. -- Paradise nut (Bot.),
the sapucaia nut. See Sapucaia nut. [Local, U. S.] -- Paradise whidah
bird. (Zoˆl.) See Whidah.

Par"a*dise (?), v. t. To affect or exalt with visions of felicity; to
entrance; to bewitch. [R.] Marston.

Par`a*dis"e*an (?), a. Paradisiacal.

Par"a*dised (?), a. Placed in paradise; enjoying delights as of
paradise.

{ Par`a*dis"i*ac (?), Par`a*di*si"a*cal (?), } a. [L. paradisiacus.] Of
or pertaining to paradise; suitable to, or like, paradise. C. Kingsley.
T. Burnet. "A paradisiacal scene." Pope.

    The valley . . . is of quite paradisiac beauty.


G. Eliot.

{ Par`a*dis"i*al (?), Par`a*dis"i*an (?), } a. Paradisiacal. [R.]

Par`a*dis"ic (?), a. Paradisiacal. [R.] Broome.

Par`a*dis"ic*al (?), a. Paradisiacal. [R.]

Par`a*dos (?), n.; pl. Paradoses (#). [F., fr. parer to defend + dos
back, L. dorsum.] (Fort.) An intercepting mound, erected in any part of
a fortification to protect the defenders from a rear or ricochet fire;
a traverse. Farrow.

Par`a*dox (?), n.; pl. Paradoxes (#). [F. paradoxe, L. paradoxum, fr.
Gr. &?;; para` beside, beyond, contrary to + &?; to think, suppose,
imagine. See Para-, and Dogma.] A tenet or proposition contrary to
received opinion; an assertion or sentiment seemingly contradictory, or
opposed to common sense; that which in appearance or terms is absurd,
but yet may be true in fact.

    A gloss there is to color that paradox, and make it appear in show
    not to be altogether unreasonable.


Hooker.

    This was sometime a paradox, but now the time gives it proof.


Shak.

Hydrostatic paradox. See under Hydrostatic.

Par"a*dox`al (?), a. Paradoxical. [Obs.]

Par`a*dox"ic*al (?), a. 1. Of the nature of a paradox.

2. Inclined to paradoxes, or to tenets or notions contrary to received
opinions. Southey.

-- Par`a*dox"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Par`a*dox"ic*al*ness, n.

Par"a*dox`er (?), n., Par"a*dox`ist (&?;), n. One who proposes a
paradox.

||Par`a*dox"i*des (?), n. [NL.] (Paleon.) A genus of large trilobites
||characteristic of the primordial formations.

Par`a*dox*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Paradox + -logy.] The use of paradoxes.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Par`a*dox"ure (-dks"r), n. [Gr. para`doxos incredible, paradoxical +
o'yra` tail. So called because its tail is unlike that of the other
animals to which it was supposed to be related.] (Zoˆl.) Any species of
Paradoxurus, a genus of Asiatic viverrine mammals allied to the civet,
as the musang, and the luwack or palm cat (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus).
See Musang.

Par"a*dox`y (?), n. 1. A paradoxical statement; a paradox.

2. The quality or state of being paradoxical. Coleridge

{ Par"af*fin (pr"f*fn), Par"af*fine (?) }, n. [F. paraffine, fr. L.
parum too little + affinis akin. So named in allusion to its chemical
inactivity.] (Chem.) A white waxy substance, resembling spermaceti,
tasteless and odorless, and obtained from coal tar, wood tar,
petroleum, etc., by distillation. It is used as an illuminant and
lubricant. It is very inert, not being acted upon by most of the strong
chemical reagents. It was formerly regarded as a definite compound, but
is now known to be a complex mixture of several higher hydrocarbons of
the methane or marsh-gas series; hence, by extension, any substance,
whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, of the same chemical series; thus
coal gas and kerosene consist largely of paraffins.

In the present chemical usage this word is spelt paraffin, but in
commerce it is commonly spelt paraffine.

Native paraffin. See Ozocerite. - - Paraffin series. See Methane
series, under Methane.

Par"age, n. [F., fr. L. par, adj., equal. Cf. Peerage, Peer an equal.]
1. (Old Eng. Law) Equality of condition, blood, or dignity; also,
equality in the partition of an inheritance. Spelman.

2. (Feudal Law) Equality of condition between persons holding unequal
portions of a fee. Burrill.

<! p. 1040 !>

3. Kindred; family; birth. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

    We claim to be of high parage.


Chaucer.

Par`a*gen"e*sis (pr`*jn"*ss), n. [Pref. para- + genesis.] (Min.) The
science which treats of minerals with special reference to their
origin.

Par`a*gen"ic (-k), a. [Pref. para- + the root of ge`nos birth.] (Biol.)
Originating in the character of the germ, or at the first commencement
of an individual; -- said of peculiarities of structure, character,
etc.

Par`a*glob"u*lin (-glb"*ln), n. [Pref. para- + globulin.] (Physiol.
Chem.) An albuminous body in blood serum, belonging to the group of
globulins. See Fibrinoplastin.

||Par`a*glos"sa (-gls"s), n.; pl. ParaglossÊ (- s). [NL., from Gr.
||para` beside + glw^ssa tongue.] (Zoˆl.) One of a pair of small
||appendages of the lingua or labium of certain insects. See Illust.
||under Hymenoptera.

Par"ag*nath (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Paragnathus.

Pa*rag"na*thous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having both mandibles of equal length,
the tips meeting, as in certain birds.

||Pa*rag"na*thus (?), n.; pl. Paragnathi (#). [NL. See Para-, and
||Gnathic.] (Zoˆl.) (a) One of the two lobes which form the lower lip,
||or metastome, of Crustacea. (b) One of the small, horny, toothlike
||jaws of certain annelids.

||Par`a*go"ge (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to lead beside,
||protract; para` beside + &?; to lead.] 1. (Gram.) The addition of a
||letter or syllable to the end of a word, as withouten for without.

2. (Med.) Coaptation. [Obs.] Dunglison.

{ Par`a*gog"ic (?), Par`a*gog"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. paragogique.] Of,
pertaining to, or constituting, a paragoge; added to the end of, or
serving to lengthen, a word.

Paragogic letters, in the Semitic languages, letters which are added to
the ordinary forms of words, to express additional emphasis, or some
change in the sense.

Par"a*gon (?), n. [OF. paragon, F. parangon; cf. It. paragone, Sp.
paragon, parangon; prob. fr. Gr. &?; to rub against; para` beside + &?;
whetstone; cf. LGr. &?; a polishing stone.] 1. A companion; a match; an
equal. [Obs.] Spenser.

    Philoclea, who indeed had no paragon but her sister.


Sir P. Sidney.

2. Emulation; rivalry; competition. [Obs.]

    Full many feats adventurous Performed, in paragon of proudest men.


Spenser.

3. A model or pattern; a pattern of excellence or perfection; as, a
paragon of beauty or eloquence. Udall.

    Man, . . . the paragon of animals !


Shak.

    The riches of sweet Mary's son, Boy-rabbi, Israel's paragon.


Emerson.

4. (Print.) A size of type between great primer and double pica. See
the Note under Type.

Par"a*gon, v. t. [Cf. OF. paragonner, F. parangonner.]

1. To compare; to parallel; to put in rivalry or emulation with. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.

2. To compare with; to equal; to rival. [R.] Spenser.

    In arms anon to paragon the morn, The morn new rising.


Glover.

3. To serve as a model for; to surpass. [Obs.]

    He hath achieved a maid That paragons description and wild fame.


Shak.

Par"a*gon, v. i. To be equal; to hold comparison. [R.]

    Few or none could . . . paragon with her.


Shelton.

Pa*rag"o*nite (?), n. [From Gr. &?;, p. pr. of &?; to mislead.] (Min.)
A kind of mica related to muscovite, but containing soda instead of
potash. It is characteristic of the paragonite schist of the Alps.

Par"a*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?; that which one writes beside. See
Paragraph.] A pun.

    Puns, which he calls paragrams.


Addison.

Par`a*gram"ma*tist (?), n. A punster.

||Pa`ra*gran"di*ne (?), n. [It., from parare to parry + grandine hail.]
||An instrument to avert the occurrence of hailstorms. See ParagrÍle.
||Knight.

Par"a*graph (?), n. [F. paragraphe, LL. paragraphus, fr. Gr.
para`grafos (sc. grammh`) a line or stroke drawn in the margin, fr.
paragra`fein to write beside; para` beside + gra`fein to write. See
Para- , and Graphic, and cf. Paraph.] 1. Originally, a marginal mark or
note, set in the margin to call attention to something in the text, e.
g., a change of subject; now, the character ∂, commonly used in the
text as a reference mark to a footnote, or to indicate the place of a
division into sections.

This character is merely a modification of a capital P (the initial of
the word paragraph), the letter being reversed, and the black part made
white and the white part black for the sake of distinctiveness.

2. A distinct part of a discourse or writing; any section or
subdivision of a writing or chapter which relates to a particular
point, whether consisting of one or many sentences. The division is
sometimes noted by the mark &?;, but usually, by beginning the first
sentence of the paragraph on a new line and at more than the usual
distance from the margin.

3. A brief composition complete in one typographical section or
paragraph; an item, remark, or quotation comprised in a few lines
forming one paragraph; as, a column of news paragraphs; an editorial
paragraph.

Par"a*graph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paragraphed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paragraphing.]

1. To divide into paragraphs; to mark with the character ∂.

2. To express in the compass of a paragraph; as, to paragraph an
article.

3. To mention in a paragraph or paragraphs

Par"a*graph`er (?), n. A writer of paragraphs; a paragraphist.

{ Par`a*graph"ic (?), Par`a*graph"ic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to, or
consisting of, a paragraph or paragraphs. -- Par`a*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Par"a*graph`ist (?), n. A paragrapher.

Par`a*gra*phis"tic*al (?), a. Of or relating to a paragraphist. [R.]
Beau. & Fl.

Pa*ra" grass` (?). (Bot.) A valuable pasture grass (Panicum barbinode)
introduced into the Southern United States from Brazil.

||Pa`ra`grÍle" (?), n. [F., fr. parer to guard + grÍle hail.] A
||lightning conductor erected, as in a vineyard, for drawing off the
||electricity in the atmosphere in order to prevent hailstorms.
||[France] Knight.

Par`a*guay"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Paraguay. -- n. A native or
inhabitant of Paraguay.

Pa`ra*guay" tea" (?). See Mate, the leaf of the Brazilian holly.

Par"ail (?), n. See Apparel. [Obs.] "In the parail of a pilgrim." Piers
Plowman.

Par"a*keet` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Parrakeet.

Par`a*lac"tic (?), a. [Pref. para-  + lactic.] (Physiol. Chem.)
Designating an acid called paralactic acid. See Lactic acid, under
Lactic.

Par`al*bu"min (?), n. [Pref. para-  + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
proteidlike body found in the fluid from ovarian cysts and elsewhere.
It is generally associated with a substance related to, if not
identical with, glycogen.

Par*al"de*hyde (?), n. [Pref. para-  + aldehyde.] (Chem.) A polymeric
modification of aldehyde obtained as a white crystalline substance.

||Par`a*leip"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to leave on one
||side, to omit; para` beside + &?; to leave.] (Rhet.) A pretended or
||apparent omission; a figure by which a speaker artfully pretends to
||pass by what he really mentions; as, for example, if an orator should
||say, "I do not speak of my adversary's scandalous venality and
||rapacity, his brutal conduct, his treachery and malice." [Written
||also paralepsis, paralepsy, paralipsis.]

||Par`a*lep"sis (?), n. [NL.] See Paraleipsis.

Pa*ra"li*an (?), n. [Gr. &?; near the sea; para` beside + &?; the sea.]
A dweller by the sea. [R.]

||Par`a*li*pom"e*non (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. paraleipome`nwn of things
||omitted, pass. p. pr. (neuter genitive plural) fr. &?; to omit.] A
||title given in the Douay Bible to the Books of Chronicles.

In the Septuagint these books are called Paraleipome`nwn prw^ton and
dey`teron, which is understood, after Jerome's explanation, as meaning
that they are supplementary to the Books of Kings W. Smith.

Par`a*lip"sis (?), n. [NL.] See Paraleipsis.

{ Par`al*lac"tic (?), Par`al*lac"tic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F.
parallactique.] Of or pertaining to a parallax.

Par"al*lax (?), n. [Gr. &?; alternation, the mutual inclination of two
lines forming an angle, fr. &?; to change a little, go aside, deviate;
para` beside, beyond + &?; to change: cf. F. parallaxe. Cf. Parallel.]
1. The apparent displacement, or difference of position, of an object,
as seen from two different stations, or points of view.

2. (Astron.) The apparent difference in position of a body (as the sun,
or a star) as seen from some point on the earth's surface, and as seen
from some other conventional point, as the earth's center or the sun.

Annual parallax, the greatest value of the heliocentric parallax, or
the greatest annual apparent change of place of a body as seen from the
earth and sun; as, the annual parallax of a fixed star. -- Binocular
parallax, the apparent difference in position of an object as seen
separately by one eye, and then by the other, the head remaining
unmoved. -- Diurnal, or Geocentric, parallax, the parallax of a body
with reference to the earth's center. This is the kind of parallax that
is generally understood when the term is used without qualification. --
Heliocentric parallax, the parallax of a body with reference to the
sun, or the angle subtended at the body by lines drawn from it to the
earth and sun; as, the heliocentric parallax of a planet. -- Horizontal
parallax, the geocentric parallx of a heavenly body when in the
horizon, or the angle subtended at the body by the earth's radius. --
Optical parallax, the apparent displacement in position undergone by an
object when viewed by either eye singly. Brande & C. -- Parallax of the
cross wires (of an optical instrument), their apparent displacement
when the eye changes its position, caused by their not being exactly in
the focus of the object glass. -- Stellar parallax, the annual parallax
of a fixed star.

Par"al*lel (?), a. [F. parallËle, L. parallelus, fr. Gr. &?;; para`
beside + &?; of one another, fr. &?; other, akin to L. alius. See
Allien.] 1. (Geom.) Extended in the same direction, and in all parts
equally distant; as, parallel lines; parallel planes.

    Revolutions . . . parallel to the equinoctial.


Hakluyt.

Curved lines or curved planes are said to be parallel when they are in
all parts equally distant.

2. Having the same direction or tendency; running side by side; being
in accordance (with); tending to the same result; -- used with to and
with.

    When honor runs parallel with the laws of God and our country, it
    can not be too much cherished.


Addison.

3. Continuing a resemblance through many particulars; applicable in all
essential parts; like; similar; as, a parallel case; a parallel
passage. Addison.

Parallel bar. (a) (Steam Eng.) A rod in a parallel motion which is
parallel with the working beam. (b) One of a pair of bars raised about
five feet above the floor or ground, and parallel to each other, --
used for gymnastic exercises. -- Parallel circles of a sphere, those
circles of the sphere whose planes are parallel to each other. --
Parallel columns, or Parallels (Printing), two or more passages of
reading matter printed side by side, for the purpose of emphasizing the
similarity or discrepancy between them. -- Parallel forces (Mech.),
forces which act in directions parallel to each other. -- Parallel
motion. (a) (Mach.) A jointed system of links, rods, or bars, by which
the motion of a reciprocating piece, as a piston rod, may be guided,
either approximately or exactly in a straight line. Rankine. (b) (Mus.)
The ascending or descending of two or more parts at fixed intervals, as
thirds or sixths. -- Parallel rod (Locomotive Eng.), a metal rod that
connects the crank pins of two or more driving wheels; -- called also
couping rod, in distinction from the connecting rod. See Illust. of
Locomotive, in App. -- Parallel ruler, an instrument for drawing
parallel lines, so constructed as to have the successive positions of
the ruling edge parallel to each other; also, one consisting of two
movable parts, the opposite edges of which are always parallel. - -
Parallel sailing (Naut.), sailing on a parallel of latitude. --
Parallel sphere (Astron. & Geog.), that position of the sphere in which
the circles of daily motion are parallel to the horizon, as to an
observer at either pole. -- Parallel vise, a vise having jaws so guided
as to remain parallel in all positions.

Par"al*lel (?), n. 1. A line which, throughout its whole extent, is
equidistant from another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc.

    Who made the spider parallels design, Sure as De Moivre, without
    rule or line ?


Pope.

2. Direction conformable to that of another line,

    Lines that from their parallel decline.


Garth.

3. Conformity continued through many particulars or in all essential
points; resemblance; similarity.

    Twixt earthly females and the moon All parallels exactly run.


Swift.

4. A comparison made; elaborate tracing of similarity; as, Johnson's
parallel between Dryden and Pope.

5. Anything equal to, or resembling, another in all essential
particulars; a counterpart.

    None but thyself can be thy parallel.


Pope.

6. (Geog.) One of the imaginary circles on the surface of the earth,
parallel to the equator, marking the latitude; also, the corresponding
line on a globe or map.

7. (Mil.) One of a series of long trenches constructed before a
besieged fortress, by the besieging force, as a cover for troops
supporting the attacking batteries. They are roughly parallel to the
line of outer defenses of the fortress.

8. (Print.) A character consisting of two parallel vertical lines
(thus, ||) used in the text to direct attention to a similarly marked
note in the margin or at the foot of a page.

Limiting parallels. See under Limit, v. t. -- Parallel of altitude
(Astron.), one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the
horizon; an almucantar. -- Parallel of declination (Astron.), one of
the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the equator. -- Parallel
of latitude. (a) (Geog.) See def. 6. above. (b) (Astron.) One of the
small circles of the sphere, parallel to the ecliptic.

Par"al*lel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paralleled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paralleling (?).] 1. To place or set so as to be parallel; to place so
as to be parallel to, or to conform in direction with, something else.

    The needle . . . doth parallel and place itself upon the true
    meridian.


Sir T. Browne.

2. Fig.: To make to conform to something else in character, motive,
aim, or the like.

    His life is paralleled Even with the stroke and line of his great
    justice.


Shak.

3. To equal; to match; to correspond to. Shak.

4. To produce or adduce as a parallel. [R.] Locke.

    My young remembrance can not parallel A fellow to it.


Shak.

Par"al*lel, v. i. To be parallel; to correspond; to be like. [Obs.]
Bacon.

Par"al*lel`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being paralleled, or equaled. [R.]
Bp. Hall.

Par"al*lel*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to place side by side, or
parallel: cf. F. parallÈlisme.]

1. The quality or state of being parallel.

2. Resemblance; correspondence; similarity.

    A close parallelism of thought and incident.


T. Warton.

3. Similarity of construction or meaning of clauses placed side by
side, especially clauses expressing the same sentiment with slight
modifications, as is common in Hebrew poetry; e. g.: --


    At her feet he bowed, he fell: Where he bowed, there he fell down
    dead.


Judg. v. 27.

Par`al*lel*is"tic (?), a. Of the nature of a parallelism; involving
parallelism.

    The antithetic or parallelistic form of Hebrew poetry is entirely
    lost.


Milman.

Par"al*lel*ize (?), v. t. To render parallel. [R.]

Par"al*lel*less, a. Matchless. [R.]

Par"al*lel*ly, adv. In a parallel manner; with parallelism. [R.] Dr. H.
More.

Par`al*lel"o*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; parallel + &?; to write: cf. F.
parallÈlogramme. See Parallel, and -gram.] (Geom.) A right-lined
quadrilateral figure, whose opposite sides are parallel, and
consequently equal; -- sometimes restricted in popular usage to a
rectangle, or quadrilateral figure which is longer than it is broad,
and with right angles.

Parallelogram of velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc.
(Mech.), a parallelogram the diagonal of which represents the resultant
of two velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., both in
quantity and direction, when the velocities, forces, accelerations,
momenta, etc., are represented in quantity and direction by the two
adjacent sides of the parallelogram.

Par`al*lel`o*gram*mat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a parallelogram;
parallelogrammic.

<! p. 1041 !>

{ Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic (?), Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic*al (?), } a. Having
the properties of a parallelogram. [R.]

Par`al*lel`o*pi"ped (?), n. [Gr. &?; a body with parallel surfaces; &?;
parallel + &?; a plane surface, &?; on the ground, or level with it,
level, flat; &?; on + &?; the ground: cf. F. parallÈlopipËde.] (Geom.)
A solid, the faces of which are six parallelograms, the opposite pairs
being parallel, and equal to each other; a prism whose base is a
parallelogram.

Par`al*lel`o*pip"e*don (?), n. [NL.] A parallelopiped. Hutton.

Par`a*log"ic*al (?), a. Containing paralogism; illogical. "Paralogical
doubt." Sir T. Browne.

Pa*ral"o*gism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to reason falsely; para` beside
+ &?; to reason, &?; discourse, reason: cf. F. paralogisme.] (Logic) A
reasoning which is false in point of form, that is, which is contrary
to logical rules or formulÊ; a formal fallacy, or pseudo- syllogism, in
which the conclusion does not follow from the premises.

Pa*ral"o*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paralogized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paralogizing (?).] [Gr. &?;.] To reason falsely; to draw conclusions
not warranted by the premises. [R.]

Pa*ral"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; para` beside, beyond + &?; reason.] False
reasoning; paralogism.

Par"a*lyse (?), v. t. Same as Paralyze.

Pa*ral"y*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to loosen, dissolve, or
disable at the side; para` beside + &?; to loosen. See Para-, and
Loose, and cf. Palsy.] (Med.) Abolition of function, whether complete
or partial; esp., the loss of the power of voluntary motion, with or
without that of sensation, in any part of the body; palsy. See
Hemiplegia, and Paraplegia. Also used figuratively. "Utter paralysis of
memory." G. Eliot.

    Mischievous practices arising out of the paralysis of the powers of
    ownership.


Duke of Argyll (1887).

Par`a*lyt"ic (?), a. [L. paralyticus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. paralytique.] 1.
Of or pertaining to paralysis; resembling paralysis.

2. Affected with paralysis, or palsy.

    The cold, shaking, paralytic hand.


Prior.

3. Inclined or tending to paralysis.

Paralytic secretion (Physiol.), the fluid, generally thin and watery,
secreted from a gland after section or paralysis of its nerves, as the
pralytic saliva.

Par`a*lyt"ic, n. A person affected with paralysis.

Par`a*lyt"ic*al (?), a. See Paralytic.

Par`a*ly*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of paralyzing, or the state
of being paralyzed.

Par"a*lyze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paralyzed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paralyzing (?).] [F. paralyser. See Paralysis.]

1. To affect or strike with paralysis or palsy.

2. Fig.: To unnerve; to destroy or impair the energy of; to render
ineffective; as, the occurrence paralyzed the community; despondency
paralyzed his efforts.

Par"am (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance
(C2H4N4); -- called also dicyandiamide.

Par`a*mag*net"ic (?), a. [Pref. para-  + magnetic.] Magnetic, as
opposed to diamagnetic. -- n. A paramagnetic substance. Faraday. --
Par`a*mag*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

Par`a*mag"net*ism (?), n. Magnetism, as opposed to diamagnetism.
Faraday.

Par`a*ma*le"ic (?), a. [Pref. para-  + maleic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or designating, an acid obtained from malic acid, and now called
fumaric acid. [Obs.]

Par`a*ma"lic (?), a. [Pref. para- + malic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an organic acid metameric with malic acid.

Par`a*mas"toid (?), a. [Pref. para-  + mastoid.] (Anat.) Situated
beside, or near, the mastoid portion of the temporal bone;
paroccipital; -- applied especially to a process of the skull in some
animals.

Par`a*mat"ta (?), n. [So named from Paramatta, in Australia.] A light
fabric of cotton and worsted, resembling bombazine or merino. Beck
(Draper's Dict.)

Par"a*ment (?), n. [Sp. paramento, from parar to prepare, L. parare.]
Ornamental hangings, furniture, etc., as of a state apartment; rich and
elegant robes worn by men of rank; -- chiefly in the plural. [Obs.]

    Lords in paraments on their coursers.


Chaucer.

Chamber of paraments, presence chamber of a monarch.

||Pa`ra*men"to (?), n. [Sp.] Ornament; decoration. Beau. & Fl.

Par"a*mere (?), n. [Pref. para- + -mere.] (Zoˆl.) One of the
symmetrical halves of any one of the radii, or spheromeres, of a
radiate animal, as a starfish.

Pa*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Pref. para- + -meter: cf. F. paramËtre.] 1. (a)
(Math.) A term applied to some characteristic magnitude whose value,
invariable as long as one and the same function, curve, surface, etc.,
is considered, serves to distinguish that function, curve, surface,
etc., from others of the same kind or family. Brande & C. (b)
Specifically (Conic Sections), in the ellipse and hyperbola, a third
proportional to any diameter and its conjugate, or in the parabola, to
any abscissa and the corresponding ordinate.

The parameter of the principal axis of a conic section is called the
latus rectum.

2. (Crystallog.) The ratio of the three crystallographic axes which
determines the position of any plane; also, the fundamental axial ratio
for a given species.

||Par`a*me*tri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Metritis.] (Med.)
||Inflammation of the cellular tissue in the vicinity of the uterus.

Par`a*mi*og"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr. &?; proverb + -graph + -er.] A
collector or writer of proverbs. [R.]

Par`a*mi"tome (?), n. [Pref. para-  + mitome.] (Biol.) The fluid
portion of the protoplasm of a cell.

||Pa"ra*mo (?), n.; pl. Paramos (#). [Sp. pÊramo.] A high, bleak
||plateau or district, with stunted trees, and cold, damp atmosphere,
||as in the Andes, in South America.

Par"a*morph (?), n. [Pref. para- + Gr. &?; form.] (Min.) A kind of
pseudomorph, in which there has been a change of physical characters
without alteration of chemical composition, as the change of aragonite
to calcite.

Par`a*mor"phism (?), n. (Min.) The change of one mineral species to
another, so as to involve a change in physical characters without
alteration of chemical composition.

Par`a*mor"phous (?), a. (Min.) Relating to paramorphism; exhibiting
paramorphism.

Par"a*mount (?), a. [OF. par amont above; par through, by (L. per) +
amont above. See Amount.] Having the highest rank or jurisdiction;
superior to all others; chief; supreme; preÎminent; as, a paramount
duty. "A traitor paramount." Bacon.

Lady paramount (Archery), the lady making the best score. -- Lord
paramount, the king.

Syn. Superior; principal; preÎminent; chief.

Par"a*mount, n. The highest or chief. Milton.

Par"a*mount`ly, adv. In a paramount manner.

Par"a*mour (?), n. [F. par amour, lit., by or with love. See 2d Par,
and Amour.] 1. A lover, of either sex; a wooer or a mistress (formerly
in a good sense, now only in a bad one); one who takes the place,
without possessing the rights, of a husband or wife; -- used of a man
or a woman.

    The seducer appeared with dauntless front, accompanied by his
    paramour


Macaulay.

2. Love; gallantry. [Obs.] "For paramour and jollity." Chaucer.

{ Par"a*mour`, Par"a*mours` (?) }, adv. By or with love, esp. the love
of the sexes; -- sometimes written as two words. [Obs.]

    For par amour, I loved her first ere thou.


Chaucer.

Par*am"y*lum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. para` beside + &?; starch.] (Chem.)
A substance resembling starch, found in the green frothy scum formed on
the surface of stagnant water.

Par`a*naph"tha*lene (?), n. [Pref. para- + naphthalene.] (Chem.)
Anthracene; -- called also paranaphthaline. [Obs.]

||Par`a*noi"a (pr`*noi"), n. [NL., fr. Gr. para`noia.] (Med.) Mental
||derangement; insanity.

Par*an"thra*cene (?), n. [Pref. para- + anthracene.] (Chem.) An inert
isomeric modification of anthracene.

Par`a*nu"cle*us (?), n. [Pref. para-  + nucleus.] (Biol.) Some as
Nucleolus.

Pa*ra" nut` (p*r‰" nt`). (Bot.) The Brazil nut.

Par"a*nymph (?), n. [L. paranymphus, Gr. &?;; para` beside, near + &?;
a bride: cf. F. paranymphe.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) (a) A friend of the
bridegroom who went with him in his chariot to fetch home the bride.
Milton. (b) The bridesmaid who conducted the bride to the bridegroom.

2. Hence: An ally; a supporter or abettor. Jer. Taylor.

Par`a*nym"phal (?), a. Bridal; nuptial. [R.]

    At some paranymphal feast.


Ford.

Par`a*pec"tin (?), n. [Pref. para-  + pectin.] (Chem.) A gelatinous
modification of pectin.

Par"a*pegm (?), n. [L. parapegma, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to fix beside; para`
beside + &?; to fix: cf. F. parapegme.] An engraved tablet, usually of
brass, set up in a public place.

Parapegms were used for the publication of laws, proclamations, etc.,
and the recording of astronomical phenomena or calendar events.

Par`a*pep"tone (?), n. [Pref. para-  + peptone.] (Phisiol. Chem.) An
albuminous body formed in small quantity by the peptic digestion of
proteids. It can be converted into peptone by pancreatic juice, but not
by gastric juice.

Par"a*pet (?), n. [F., fr. It. parapetto, fr. parare to ward off, guard
(L. parare to prepare, provide) + petto the breast, L. pectus. See
Parry, and Pectoral.]

1. (Arch.) A low wall, especially one serving to protect the edge of a
platform, roof, bridge, or the like.

2. (Fort.) A wall, rampart, or elevation of earth, for covering
soldiers from an enemy's fire; a breastwork. See Illust. of Casemate.

Par`a*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. para-  + petal.] (Bot.) Growing by the
side of a petal, as a stamen.

Par"a*pet`ed, a. Having a parapet.

Par"aph (?), n. [F. paraphe, parafe, contr. fr. paragraphe.] A flourish
made with the pen at the end of a signature. In the Middle Ages, this
formed a sort of rude safeguard against forgery. Brande & C.

Par"aph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraphed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paraphing.]
[Cf. F. parapher, parafer.] To add a paraph to; to sign, esp. with the
initials.

||Par`a*pher"na (?), n. pl. [L.] (Rom. Law) The property of a woman
||which, on her marriage, was not made a part of her dower, but
||remained her own.

Par`a*pher"nal (?), a. [Cf. F. paraphernal.] Of or pertaining to
paraphernalia; as, paraphernal property. Kent.

Par`a*pher*na"li*a (?), n. pl. [LL. paraphernalia bona, fr. L.
parapherna, pl., parapherna, Gr. &?;; para` beside + &?; a bride's
dowry, fr. fe`rein to bring. See 1st Bear.]

1. (Law) Something reserved to a wife, over and above her dower, being
chiefly apparel and ornaments suited to her degree.

2. Appendages; ornaments; finery; equipments.

||Par`a*phi*mo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; beyond + &?; to
||muzzle.] (Med.) A condition in which the prepuce, after being
||retracted behind the glans penis, is constricted there, and can not
||be brought forward into place again.

Par`a*phos*phor"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + phosphoric.] (Chem.)
Pyrophosphoric. [Obs.]

||Par`a*phrag"ma (-frg"m), n.; pl. Paraphragmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
||para` beside + &?;, &?;, an inclosure.] (Zoˆl.) One of the outer
||divisions of an endosternite of Crustacea. -- Par`a*phrag"mal (#), a.

Par"a*phrase (pr"*frz), n. [L. paraphrasis, Gr. para`frasis, from
parafra`zein to say the same thing in other words; para` beside +
fra`zein to speak: cf. F. paraphrase. See Para-, and Phrase.] A
restatement of a text, passage, or work, expressing the meaning of the
original in another form, generally for the sake of its clearer and
fuller exposition; a setting forth the signification of a text in other
and ampler terms; a free translation or rendering; -- opposed to
metaphrase.

    In paraphrase, or translation with latitude, the author's words are
    not so strictly followed as his sense.


Dryden.

    Excellent paraphrases of the Psalms of David.


I. Disraeli.

    His sermons a living paraphrase upon his practice.


Sowth.

    The Targums are also called the Chaldaic or Aramaic Paraphrases.


Shipley.

Par"a*phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraphrased (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paraphrasing (?).] To express, interpret, or translate with latitude;
to give the meaning of a passage in other language.

    We are put to construe and paraphrase our own words.


Bp. Stillingfleet.

Par"a*phrase, v. i. To make a paraphrase.

Par"a*phra`ser (?), n. One who paraphrases.

Par`a*phra"sian (?), n. A paraphraser. [R.]

Par"a*phrast (?), n. [L. paraphrastes, Gr. &?;: cf. F. paraphraste.] A
paraphraser. T. Warton.

{ Par`a*phras"tic (?), Par`a*phras"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr.&?;: cf. F.
paraphrastique.] Paraphrasing; of the nature of paraphrase; explaining,
or translating in words more clear and ample than those of the author;
not literal; free. -- Par`a*phras"tic*al*ly, adv.

||Pa*raph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Paraphyses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. para` beside
||+ &?; growth.] (Bot.) A minute jointed filament growing among the
||archegonia and antheridia of mosses, or with the spore cases, etc.,
||of other flowerless plants.

{ ||Par`a*ple"gi*a (?), Par"a*ple`gy (?), } n. [NL. paraplegia, fr. Gr.
&?; hemiplegia, fr. &?; to strike at the side; para` beside + &?; to
strike: cf. F. paraplÈgie.] (Med.) Palsy of the lower half of the body
on both sides, caused usually by disease of the spinal cord. --
Par`a*pleg"ic (#), a.

||Par`a*pleu"ra (?), n.; pl. ParapleurÊ (#). [NL. See Para-, and 2d
||Pleura.] (Zoˆl.) A chitinous piece between the metasternum and the
||pleuron of certain insects.

||Par`a*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Parapodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. para` beside
||+ &?;, dim. of &?; foot.] (Zoˆl.) One of the lateral appendages of an
||annelid; -- called also foot tubercle.

They may serve for locomotion, respiration, and sensation, and often
contain spines or setÊ. When well developed, a dorsal part, or
notopodium, and a ventral part, or neuropodium, are distinguished.

Par`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Parapophyses (#). [NL. See Para-, and
Apophysis.] (Anat.) The ventral transverse, or capitular, process of a
vertebra. See Vertebra. -- Par*ap`o*phys"ic*al (#), a.

||Pa*rap"te*rum (?), n.; pl. Paraptera (#). [NL. See Para-, and
||Pteron.] (Zoˆl.) A special plate situated on the sides of the
||mesothorax and metathorax of certain insects.

{ Par`a*quet" (?), Par`a*qui"to (?), } n. [See Paroquet.] (Zoˆl.) See
Parrakeet.

Par"a*sang (?), n. [L. parasanga, Gr. &?;, from Old Persian; cf. Per.
farsang.] A Persian measure of length, which, according to Herodotus
and Xenophon, was thirty stadia, or somewhat more than three and a half
miles. The measure varied in different times and places, and, as now
used, is estimated at from three and a half to four English miles.

||Par`a*sce"ni*um (?), n.; pl. Parascenia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; para`
||beside + &?; stage.] (Greek & Rom. Antiq.) One of two apartments
||adjoining the stage, probably used as robing rooms.

||Par`a*sce"ve (?), n. [L., from Gr. &?;, lit., preparation.] 1. Among
||the Jews, the evening before the Sabbath. [Obs.] Mark xv. 42 (Douay
||ver.)

2. A preparation. [R.] Donne.

Par`a*sche*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; to change from the true form.] Of or
pertaining to a change from the right form, as in the formation of a
word from another by a change of termination, gender, etc. Max M¸ller.

||Par`a*se*le"ne (?), n.; pl. ParaselenÊ (#). [NL., from Gr. para`
||beside + &?; the moon: cf. F. parasÈlËne.] (Meteor.) A mock moon; an
||image of the moon which sometimes appears at the point of
||intersection of two lunar halos. Cf. Parhelion.

||Par`a*si"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) (a) An artificial group
||formerly made for parasitic insects, as lice, ticks, mites, etc. (b)
||A division of copepod Crustacea, having a sucking mouth, as the
||lerneans. They are mostly parasites on fishes. Called also
||Siphonostomata.

<! p. 1042 !>

Par"a*si`tal (?), a. (Bot. & Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to parasites;
parasitic.

Par"a*site (?), n. [F., fr. L. parasitus, Gr. &?;, lit., eating beside,
or at the table of, another; para` beside + &?; to feed, from &?;
wheat, grain, food.]

1. One who frequents the tables of the rich, or who lives at another's
expense, and earns his welcome by flattery; a hanger-on; a toady; a
sycophant.

    Thou, with trembling fear, Or like a fawning parasite, obey'st.


Milton.

    Parasites were called such smell-feasts as would seek to be free
    guests at rich men's tables.


Udall.

2. (Bot.) (a) A plant obtaining nourishment immediately from other
plants to which it attaches itself, and whose juices it absorbs; --
sometimes, but erroneously, called epiphyte. (b) A plant living on or
within an animal, and supported at its expense, as many species of
fungi of the genus Torrubia.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) An animal which lives during the whole or part of its
existence on or in the body of some other animal, feeding upon its
food, blood, or tissues, as lice, tapeworms, etc. (b) An animal which
steals the food of another, as the parasitic jager. (c) An animal which
habitually uses the nest of another, as the cowbird and the European
cuckoo.

{ Par`a*sit"ic (?), Par`a*sit"ic*al (?), } a. [L. parasiticus, Gr. &?;:
cf. F. parasitique.]

1. Of the nature of a parasite; fawning for food or favors;
sycophantic. "Parasitic preachers." Milton.

2. (Bot. & Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to parasites; living on, or deriving
nourishment from, some other living animal or plant. See Parasite, 2 &
3.

Parasitic gull, Parasitic jager. (Zoˆl.) See Jager.

-- Par`a*sit"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Par`a*sit"ic*al*ness, n.

Par`a*sit"i*cide (?), n. [Parasite + L. caedere to kill.] Anything used
to destroy parasites. Quain.

Par"a*si`tism (?), n. [Cf. F. parasitisme.]

1. The state or behavior of a parasite; the act of a parasite. "Court
parasitism." Milton.

2. (Bot. & Zoˆl.)The state of being parasitic.

Par"a*sol` (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. or Pg. parasol, or It. parasole; It.
parare to ward off, Sp. & Pg. parar (L. parare to prepare) + It. sole
sun, Sp. & Pg. sol (L. sol). See Parry, Solar.] A kind of small
umbrella used by women as a protection from the sun.

Par"a*sol`, v. t. To shade as with a parasol. [R.]

Par`a*sol*ette" (?), n. A small parasol.

Par`a*sphe"noid (?), a. [Pref. para-  + sphenoid.] (Anat.) Near the
sphenoid bone; - - applied especially to a bone situated immediately
beneath the sphenoid in the base of the skull in many animals. -- n.
The parasphenoid bone.

Pa*ras"ti*chy (?), n. [Pref. para-  + Gr. &?; a row.] (Bot.) A
secondary spiral in phyllotaxy, as one of the evident spirals in a pine
cone.

||Par`a*syn*ax"is (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to assemble
||illegally or secretly.] (Civil Law) An unlawful meeting.

Par`a*syn*thet"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Para-, and Synthetic.] Formed
from a compound word. "Parasynthetic derivatives." Dr. Murray.

Par`a*tac"tic (?), a. (Gram.) Of pertaining to, or characterized by,
parataxis.

||Par`a*tax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a placing beside, fr. &?; to
||place beside.] (Gram.) The mere ranging of propositions one after
||another, without indicating their connection or interdependence; --
||opposed to syntax. Brande & C.

||Pa*rath"e*sis (?), n.; pl. Paratheses (#). [NL., from Gr. &?; a
||putting beside, from &?; to put beside.]

1. (Gram.) The placing of two or more nouns in the same case;
apposition.

2. (Rhet.) A parenthetical notice, usually of matter to be afterward
expanded. Smart.

3. (Print.) The matter contained within brackets.

4. (Eccl.) A commendatory prayer. Shipley.

Par`a*thet"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to parathesis.

||Pa`ra`ton`nerre" (?), n. [F., fr. parer to parry + tonnerre
||thunderbolt.] A conductor of lightning; a lightning rod.

Par*aun"ter (?), adv. [Par + aunter.] Peradventure. See Paraventure.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

||Pa*rauque" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A bird (Nyctidromus albicollis) ranging
||from Texas to South America. It is allied to the night hawk and
||goatsucker.

Par`a*vail" (?), a. [OF. par aval below; par through (L. per) + aval
down; a-  (L. ad) + val (L. vallis) a valley. Cf. Paramount.] (Eng.
Law) At the bottom; lowest. Cowell.

In feudal law, the tenant paravail is the lowest tenant of the fee, or
he who is immediate tenant to one who holds over of another. Wharton.

{ Par"a*vant` (?), Par"a*vant` (?), } adv. [OF. par avant. See Par, and
lst Avaunt.]

1. In front; publicly. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. Beforehand; first. [Obs.] Spenser.

Par`a*ven"ture (?), adv. [Par + aventure.] Peradventure; perchance.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

Par`a*xan"thin (?), n. [Pref. Para-  + xanthin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
crystalline substance closely related to xanthin, present in small
quantity in urine.

Par*ax"i*al (?), a. [Pref. para- + axial.] (Anat.) On either side of
the axis of the skeleton.

Par`a*xy"lene (?), n. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series
obtained as a colorless liquid by the distillation of camphor with zinc
chloride. It is one of the three metamers of xylene. Cf. Metamer, and
Xylene.

Par"boil` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parboiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Parboiling.] [OE. parboilen, OF. parbouillir to cook well; par through
(see Par) + bouillir to boil, L. bullire. The sense has been influenced
by E. part. See lst Boil.] 1. To boil or cook thoroughly. [Obs.] B.
Jonson.

2. To boil in part; to cook partially by boiling.

Par"break` (?), v. i. & t. [Par + break.] To throw out; to vomit.
[Obs.] Skelton.

Par"break`, n. Vomit. [Obs.] Spenser.

Par"buc`kle (?), n. (a) A kind of purchase for hoisting or lowering a
cylindrical burden, as a cask. The middle of a long rope is made fast
aloft, and both parts are looped around the object, which rests in the
loops, and rolls in them as the ends are hauled up or payed out. (b) A
double sling made of a single rope, for slinging a cask, gun, etc.

Par"buc`kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parbuckled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Parbuckling (?).] To hoist or lower by means of a parbuckle. Totten.

Par"cÊ (?), n. pl. [L.] The Fates. See Fate, 4.

Par*case" (?), adv. [Par + case.] Perchance; by chance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Par"cel (?), n. [F. parcelle a small part, fr. (assumed) LL.
particella, dim. of L. pars. See Part, n., and cf. Particle.] 1. A
portion of anything taken separately; a fragment of a whole; a part.
[Archaic] "A parcel of her woe." Chaucer.

    Two parcels of the white of an egg.


Arbuthnot.

    The parcels of the nation adopted different forms of
    self-government.


J. A. Symonds.

2. (Law) A part; a portion; a piece; as, a certain piece of land is
part and parcel of another piece.

3. An indiscriminate or indefinite number, measure, or quantity; a
collection; a group.

    This youthful parcel Of noble bachelors stand at my disposing.


Shak.

4. A number or quantity of things put up together; a bundle; a package;
a packet.

    'Tis like a parcel sent you by the stage.


Cowper.

Bill of parcels. See under 6th Bill. -- Parcel office, an office where
parcels are received for keeping or forwarding and delivery. -- Parcel
post, that department of the post office concerned with the collection
and transmission of parcels. -- Part and parcel. See under Part.

Par"cel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parceled (?) or Parcelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Parceling or Parcelling.]

1. To divide and distribute by parts or portions; -- often with out or
into. "Their woes are parceled, mine are general." Shak.

    These ghostly kings would parcel out my power.


Dryden.

    The broad woodland parceled into farms.


Tennyson.

2. To add a parcel or item to; to itemize. [R.]

    That mine own servant should Parcel the sum of my disgraces by
    Addition of his envy.


Shak.

3. To make up into a parcel; as, to parcel a customer's purchases; the
machine parcels yarn, wool, etc.

To parcel a rope (Naut.), to wind strips of tarred canvas tightly
arround it. Totten. -- To parcel a seam (Naut.), to cover it with a
strip of tarred canvas.

Par"cel, a. & adv. Part or half; in part; partially. Shak. [Sometimes
hyphened with the word following.]

    The worthy dame was parcel-blind.


Sir W. Scott.

    One that . . . was parcel-bearded [partially bearded].


Tennyson.

Parcel poet, a half poet; a poor poet. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Par"cel*ing, n. [Written also parcelling.]

1. The act of dividing and distributing in portions or parts.

2. (Naut.) Long, narrow slips of canvas daubed with tar and wound about
a rope like a bandage, before it is served; used, also, in mousing on
the stayes, etc.

Par"cel-mele` (?), adv. [See Parcel, and Meal a part.] By parcels or
parts. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Par"ce*na*ry (?), n. [See Parcener, partner.] (Law) The holding or
occupation of an inheritable estate which descends from the ancestor to
two or more persons; coheirship.

It differs in many respects from joint tenancy, which is created by
deed or devise. In the United States there is no essential distinction
between parcenary and tenancy in common. Wharton. Kent.

Par"ce*ner (?), n. [Of. parÁonnier, parsonnier, fr. parzon, parÁun,
parcion, part, portion, fr. L. partitio a division. See Partition, and
cf. Partner.] (Law) A coheir, or one of two or more persons to whom an
estate of inheritance descends jointly, and by whom it is held as one
estate.

Parch (p‰rch), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parched (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Parching.] [OE. perchen to pierce, hence used of a piercing heat or
cold, OF. perchier, another form of percier, F. percer. See Pierce.] 1.
To burn the surface of; to scorch; to roast over the fire, as dry
grain; as, to parch the skin; to parch corn.

    Ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn.


Lev. xxiii. 14.

2. To dry to extremity; to shrivel with heat; as, the mouth is parched
from fever.

    The ground below is parched.


Dryden.

Parch, v. i. To become scorched or superficially burnt; to be very dry.
"Parch in Afric sun." Shak.

Parch"ed*ness, n. The state of being parched.

Par*che"si (p‰r*ch"z), n. See Pachisi.

Parch"ing (p‰rch"ng), a. Scorching; burning; drying. "Summer's parching
heat." Shak. -- Parch"ing*ly, adv.

Parch"ment (-ment), n. [OE. parchemin, perchemin, F. parchemin, LL.
pergamenum, L. pergamena, pergamina, fr. L. Pergamenus of or belonging
to Pergamus an ancient city of Mysia in Asia Minor, where parchment was
first used.] 1. The skin of a lamb, sheep, goat, young calf, or other
animal, prepared for writing on. See Vellum.

    But here's a parchment with the seal of CÊsar.


Shak.

2. The envelope of the coffee grains, inside the pulp.

Parchment paper. See Papyrine.

Par"ci*ty (?), n. [L. parcitas, fr. parcus sparing.] Sparingless.
[Obs.]

Par"close (?), n. [OF. See Perclose.] (Eccl. Arch.) A screen separating
a chapel from the body of the church. [Written also paraclose and
perclose.] Hook.

Pard (p‰rd), n. [L. pardus, Gr. pa`rdos; cf. Skr. pdku tiger, panther.]
(Zoˆl.) A leopard; a panther.

    And more pinch-spotted make them Than pard or cat o'mountain.


Shak.

Par"dale (p‰r"dl), n. [L. pardalis, Gr. pa`rdalis. Cf. Pard.] (Zoˆl.) A
leopard. [Obs.] Spenser.

{ Par*de" (?), Par*die" (?) }, adv. or interj. [F. pardi, for par Dieu
by God.] Certainly; surely; truly; verily; -- originally an oath.
[Written also pardee, pardieux, perdie, etc.] [Obs.]

    He was, parde, an old fellow of yours.


Chaucer.

Par"dine (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Spotted like a pard.

Pardine lynx (Zoˆl.), a species of lynx (Felis pardina) inhabiting
Southern Europe. Its color is rufous, spotted with black.

Par"do (?), n. [Pg. pardao, fr. Skr. pratpa splendor, majesty.] A money
of account in Goa, India, equivalent to about 2s. 6d. sterling. or 60
cts.

Par"don (?), n. [F., fr. pardonner to pardon. See Pardon, v. t.] 1. The
act of pardoning; forgiveness, as of an offender, or of an offense;
release from penalty; remission of punishment; absolution.

    Pardon, my lord, for me and for my tidings.


Shak.

    But infinite in pardon was my judge.


Milton.

Used in expressing courteous denial or contradiction; as, I crave your
pardon; or in indicating that one has not understood another; as, I beg
pardon.

2. An official warrant of remission of penalty.

    Sign me a present pardon for my brother.


Shak.

3. The state of being forgiven. South.

4. (Law) A release, by a sovereign, or officer having jurisdiction,
from the penalties of an offense, being distinguished from amenesty,
which is a general obliteration and canceling of a particular line of
past offenses.

Syn. -- Forgiveness; remission. See Forgiveness.

Par"don, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pardoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pardoning.]
[Either fr. pardon, n., or from F. pardonner, LL. perdonare; L. per
through, thoroughly, perfectly + donare to give, to present. See Par- ,
and Donation.] 1. To absolve from the consequences of a fault or the
punishment of crime; to free from penalty; -- applied to the offender.

    In this thing the Lord pardon thy servant.


2 Kings v. 18.

    I pray you, pardon me; pray heartily, pardom me.


Shak.

2. To remit the penalty of; to suffer to pass without punishment; to
forgive; -- applied to offenses.

    I pray thee, pardon my sin.


1 S&?;&?;. xv. 25.

    Apollo, pardon My great profaneness 'gainst thine oracle &?;


Shak.

3. To refrain from exacting as a penalty.

    I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it.


Shak.

4. To give leave (of departure) to. [Obs.]

    Even now about it! I will pardon you.


Shak.

Pardon me, forgive me; excuse me; -- a phrase used also to express
courteous denial or contradiction.

Syn. -- To forgive; absolve; excuse; overlook; remit; acquit. See
Excuse.

Par"don*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pardonnable.] Admitting of pardon; not
requiring the excution of penalty; venial; excusable; -- applied to the
offense or to the offender; as, a pardonable fault, or culprit.

Par"don*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being pardonable; as,
the pardonableness of sin. Bp. Hall.

Par"don*a*bly, adv. In a manner admitting of pardon; excusably. Dryden.

Par"don*er (?), n. 1. One who pardons. Shak.

2. A seller of indulgences. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Par"don*ing, a. Relating to pardon; having or exercising the right to
pardon; willing to pardon; merciful; as, the pardoning power; a
pardoning God.

Pare (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paring.] [F.
parer to pare, as a horse's hoofs, to dress or curry, as, leather, to
clear, as anchors or cables, to parry, ward off, fr. L. parare to
prepare. Cf. Empire, Parade, Pardon, Parry, Prepare.] 1. To cut off, or
shave off, the superficial substance or extremities of; as, to pare an
apple; to pare a horse's hoof.

2. To remove; to separate; to cut or shave, as the skin, ring, or
outside part, from anything; -- followed by off or away; as; to pare
off the ring of fruit; to pare away redundancies.

3. Fig.: To diminish the bulk of; to reduce; to lessen.

    The king began to pare a little the privilege of clergy.


Bacon.

Par`e*gor"ic (?), a. [L. paregoricus, Gr. &?;, from &?; addressing,
encouraging, soothing; para` beside + &?; an assembly: cf. F.
parÈgorique. See Allegory.] Mitigating; assuaging or soothing pain; as,
paregoric elixir.

Par`e*gor"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine that mitigates pain; an anodyne;
specifically, camphorated tincture of opium; -- called also paregoric
elexir.

Pa*rel"con (?), n. [Gr. &?; to draw aside, to be redundant; para`
beside + &?; to draw.] (Gram.) The addition of a syllable or particle
to the end of a pronoun, verb, or adverb.

Par`e*lec`tro*nom"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or relating to
parelectronomy; as, the parelectronomic part of a muscle.

Par*e`lec*tron"o*my (?), n. [Pref. para- + electro- + Gr. &?; law.]
(Physiol.) A condition of the muscles induced by exposure to severe
cold, in which the electrical action of the muscle is reversed.

{ ||Pa*rel"la (?), ||Pa`relle (?), } n. [Cf. F. parelle.] (Bot.) (a) A
name for two kinds of dock (Rumex Patientia and R. Hydrolapathum). (b)
A kind of lichen (Lecanora parella) once used in dyeing and in the
preparation of litmus.

||Pa*rem"bo*le (&?;), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; an insertion beside. See
||Para-, and Embolus.] (Rhet.) A kind of parenthesis.

<! p. 1043 !>

Pare"ment (?), n. See Parament. [Obs.]

||Par`emp*to"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a coming in beside; para`
||beside + &?; to fall in.] Same as Parembole.

Pa*ren"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to pour in beside;
para` beside + &?; in + &?; to pour: cf. F. parenchyme.] (Biol.) The
soft celluar substance of the tissues of plants and animals, like the
pulp of leaves, to soft tissue of glands, and the like.

Pa*ren"chy*mal (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, parenchyma.

{ Par`en*chym"a*tous (?), Pa*ren"chy*mous (?), } a. [Cf. F.
parenchymateux.] Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the parenchyma
of a tissue or an organ; as, parenchymatous degeneration.

||Pa*ren"e*sis (?), n. [L. paraenesis, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to advise.]
||Exhortation. [R.]

{ Par`e*net"ic (?), Par`e*net"io*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F.
parÈnÈtique.] Hortatory; encouraging; persuasive. [R.] F. Potter.

Par"ent (?), n. [L. parens, - entis; akin to parere to bring forth; cf.
Gr. &?; to give, beget: cf. F. parent. Cf. Part.] 1. One who begets, or
brings forth, offspring; a father or a mother.

    Children, obey your parents in the Lord.


Eph. vi. 1.

2. That which produces; cause; source; author; begetter; as, idleness
is the parent of vice.

    Regular industry is the parent of sobriety.


Channing.

Parent cell. (Biol.) See Mother cell, under Mother, also Cytula. --
Parent nucleus (Biol.), a nucleus which, in cell division, divides, and
gives rise to two or more daughter nuclei. See Karyokinesis, and Cell
division, under Division.

Par"ent*age (?), n. [Cf. F. parentage relationship.] Descent from
parents or ancestors; parents or ancestors considered with respect to
their rank or character; extraction; birth; as, a man of noble
parentage. "Wilt thou deny thy parentage?" Shak.

    Though men esteem thee low of parentage.


Milton.

Pa*ren"tal (?), a. [L. parentalis.] 1. Of or pertaining to a parent or
to parents; as, parental authority; parental obligations.

2. Becoming to, or characteristic of, parents; tender; affectionate;
devoted; as, parental care.

    The careful course and parental provision of nature.


Sir T. Browne.

Pa*ren"tal*ly, adv. In a parental manner.

Par`en*ta"tion (?), n. [L. parentatio, fr. parentare to offer a solemn
sacrifice in honor of deceased parents. See Parent.] Something done or
said in honor of the dead; obsequies. [Obs.] Abp. Potter.

Par"en`tele` (?), n. [F. parentËle, L. parentela.] Kinship; parentage.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

Pa*ren"the*sis (?), n.; pl. Parentheses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;
to put in beside, insert; para` beside + &?; in + &?; to put, place.
See Para-, En-, 2, and Thesis.]

1. A word, phrase, or sentence, by way of comment or explanation,
inserted in, or attached to, a sentence which would be grammatically
complete without it. It is usually inclosed within curved lines (see
def. 2 below), or dashes. "Seldom mentioned without a derogatory
parenthesis." Sir T. Browne.

    Don't suffer every occasional thought to carry you away into a long
    parenthesis.


Watts.

2. (Print.) One of the curved lines () which inclose a parenthetic word
or phrase.

Parenthesis, in technical grammar, is that part of a sentence which is
inclosed within the recognized sign; but many phrases and sentences
which are punctuated by commas are logically parenthetical. In def. 1,
the phrase "by way of comment or explanation" is inserted for
explanation, and the sentence would be grammatically complete without
it. The present tendency is to avoid using the distinctive marks,
except when confusion would arise from a less conspicuous separation.

Pa*ren"the*size (?), v. t. To make a parenthesis of; to include within
parenthetical marks. Lowell.

{ Par`en*thet"ic (?), Par`en*thet"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. Gr. &?;.] 1. Of
the nature of a parenthesis; pertaining to, or expressed in, or as in,
a parenthesis; as, a parenthetical clause; a parenthetic remark.

    A parenthetical observation of Moses himself.


Hales.

2. Using or containing parentheses.

Par`en*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. In a parenthetical manner; by way of
parenthesis; by parentheses.

Par"ent*hood (?), n. The state of a parent; the office or character of
a parent.

Pa*ren"ti*cide (?), n. [L. parenticida a parricide; parens parent +
caedere to kill.]

1. The act of one who kills one's own parent. [R.]

2. One who kills one's own parent; a parricide. [R.]

Par"ent*less (?), a. Deprived of parents.

Par*ep`i*did"y*mis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Epididymis.] (Anat.) A
small body containing convoluted tubules, situated near the epididymis
in man and some other animals, and supposed to be a remnant of the
anterior part of the Wolffian body.

Par"er (?), n. [From Pare, v. t.] One who, or that which, pares; an
instrument for paring.

||Pa*rer"gon (?), n. [L.] See Parergy.

Par"er*gy (?), n. [L. parergon, Gr. &?;; para` beside + &?; work.]
Something unimportant, incidental, or superfluous. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

||Par"e*sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to let go; &?; from +
||&?; to send.] (Med.) Incomplete paralysis, affecting motion but not
||sensation.

Par*eth"moid (?), a. [Pref. para- + ethmoid.] (Anat.) Near or beside
the ethmoid bone or cartilage; -- applied especially to a pair of bones
in the nasal region of some fishes, and to the ethmoturbinals in some
higher animals. -- n. A parethmoid bone.

Pa*ret"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to paresis; affected with paresis.

Par*fay" (?), interj. [Par + fay.] By my faith; verily. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Par"fit (?), a. Perfect. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Par"fit*ly, adv. Perfectly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Par*forn" (?), Par*fourn" (?) }, v. t. To perform. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Piers Plowman.

Par"gas*ite (?), n. [So called from Pargas, in Finland.] (Min.) A dark
green aluminous variety of amphibole, or hornblende.

Parge"board` (?), n. See Bargeboard.

Par"get (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pargeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pargeting.]
[OE. pargeten, also spargeten, sparchen; of uncertain origin.] 1. To
coat with parget; to plaster, as walls, or the interior of flues; as,
to parget the outside of their houses. Sir T. Herbert.

    The pargeted ceiling with pendants.


R. L. Stevenson.

2. To paint; to cover over. [Obs.]

Par"get, v. i. 1. To lay on plaster.

2. To paint, as the face. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Par"get, n. 1. Gypsum or plaster stone.

2. Plaster, as for lining the interior of flues, or for stuccowork.
Knight.

3. Paint, especially for the face. [Obs.] Drayton.

Par"get*er (?), n. A plasterer. Johnson.

Par"get*ing, n. [Written also pargetting.] Plasterwork; esp.: (a) A
kind of decorative plasterwork in raised ornamental figures, formerly
used for the internal and external decoration of houses. (b) In modern
architecture, the plastering of the inside of flues, intended to give a
smooth surface and help the draught.

Par"get*o*ry (?), n. Something made of, or covered with, parget, or
plaster. [Obs.] Milton.

Par*he"lic (?), a. Of or pertaining to parhelia.

Par*hel"ion (?), n.; pl. Parhelia (#). [L. parelion, Gr. &?;, &?;;
para` beside + &?; the sun.] A mock sun appearing in the form of a
bright light, sometimes near the sun, and tinged with colors like the
rainbow, and sometimes opposite to the sun. The latter is usually
called an anthelion. Often several mock suns appear at the same time.
Cf. Paraselene.

||Par*he"li*um (?), n. See Parhelion.

Par"i- (?). [L. par, paris, equal.] A combining form signifying equal;
as, paridigitate, paripinnate.

Pa"ri*ah (?), n. [From Tamil paraiyan, pl. paraiyar, one of the low
caste, fr. parai a large drum, because they beat the drums at certain
festivals.]

1. One of an aboriginal people of Southern India, regarded by the four
castes of the Hindoos as of very low grade. They are usually the serfs
of the Sudra agriculturalists. See Caste. Balfour (Cyc. of India).

2. An outcast; one despised by society.

Pariah dog (Zoˆl.), a mongrel race of half-wild dogs which act as
scavengers in Oriental cities. -- Pariah kite (Zoˆl.), a species of
kite (Milvus govinda) which acts as a scavenger in India.

Pa*ri"al (?), n. See Pair royal, under Pair, n.

Pa"ri*an (?), a. [L. Parius.] Of or pertaining to Paros, an island in
the ∆gean Sea noted for its excellent statuary marble; as, Parian
marble.

Parian chronicle, a most ancient chronicle of the city of Athens,
engraved on marble in the Isle of Paros, now among the Arundelian
marbles.

Pa"ri*an, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Paros.

2. A ceramic ware, resembling unglazed porcelain biscuit, of which are
made statuettes, ornaments, etc.

||Par`i*dig`i*ta"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pari-, and Digitate.] (Zoˆl.)
||Same as Artiodactyla.

Par`i*dig"i*tate (?), a. (Anat.) Having an even number of digits on the
hands or the feet. Qwen.

||Pa"ri*es (?), n.; pl. Parietes (#). [See Parietes.] (Zoˆl.) The
||triangular middle part of each segment of the shell of a barnacle.

Pa*ri"e*tal (?), a. [L. parietalis, fr. paries, -ietis, a wall: cf. F.
pariÈtal. Cf. Parietary, Pellitory.]

1. Of or pertaining to a wall; hence, pertaining to buildings or the
care of them.

2. Resident within the walls or buildings of a college.

    At Harvard College, the officers resident within the college walls
    constitute a permanent standing committee, called the Parietal
    Committee.


B. H. Hall (1856).

3. (Anat.) (a) Of pertaining to the parietes. (b) Of, pertaining to, or
in the region of, the parietal bones, which form the upper and middle
part of the cranium, between the frontals and occipitals.

4. (Bot.) Attached to the main wall of the ovary, and not to the axis;
-- said of a placenta.

Pa*ri"e*tal, n. 1. (Anat.) One of the parietal bones.

2. (Zoˆl.) One of the special scales, or plates, covering the back of
the head in certain reptiles and fishes.

Pa*ri"e*ta*ry (?), a. See Parietal, 2.

Pa*ri"e*ta*ry, n. [L. parietaria, fr. parietarius parietal. Cf.
Pellitory, Parietal.] (Bot.) Any one of several species of Parietaria.
See 1st Pellitory.

||Pa*ri"e*tes (?), n. pl. [L. paries a wall.]

1. (Anat.) The walls of a cavity or an organ; as, the abdominal
parietes; the parietes of the cranium.

2. (Bot.) The sides of an ovary or of a capsule.

Pa`ri*et"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid
found in the lichen Parmelia parietina, and called also chrysophanic
acid.

Pa*ri"e*tine (?), n. [L. parietinus parietal: cf. parietinae ruined
walls.] A piece of a fallen wall; a ruin. [Obs.] Burton.

Pa*ri"e*to- (&?;). (Anat.) A combining form used to indicate connection
with, or relation to, the parietal bones or the parietal segment of the
skull; as, the parieto-mastoid suture.

Pa*rig"e*nin (?), n. [Parillin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.) A curdy white
substance, obtained by the decomposition of parillin.

Pa*ril"lin (?), n. [Shortened fr. sarsaparillin.] (Chem.) A glucoside
resembling saponin, found in the root of sarsaparilla, smilax, etc.,
and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance; -- called also
smilacin, sarsaparilla saponin, and sarsaparillin.

Par"ing (?), n. [From Pare, v. t.] 1. The act of cutting off the
surface or extremites of anything.

2. That which is pared off. Pope.

    Pare off the surface of the earth, and with the parings raise your
    hills.


Mortimer.

Par`i*pin"nate (?), a. [Pari- + pinnate.] (Bot.) Pinnate with an equal
number of leaflets on each side; having no odd leaflet at the end.

Par"is (?), n. [From Paris, the son of Priam.] (Bot.) A plant common in
Europe (Paris quadrifolia); herb Paris; truelove. It has been used as a
narcotic.

It much resembles the American genus Trillium, but has usually four
leaves and a tetramerous flower.

Par"is, n. The chief city of France.

Paris green. See under Green, n. -- Paris white (Chem.), purified chalk
used as a pigment; whiting; Spanish white.

Par"ish (?), n. [OE. parishe, paresche, parosche, OF. paroisse,
parosse, paroiche, F. paroisse, L. parochia, corrupted fr. paroecia,
Gr. &?;, fr. &?; dwelling beside or near; para` beside + &?; a house,
dwelling; akin to L. vicus village. See Vicinity, and cf. Parochial.]

1. (Eccl. & Eng. Law) (a) That circuit of ground committed to the
charge of one parson or vicar, or other minister having cure of souls
therein. Cowell. (b) The same district, constituting a civil
jurisdiction, with its own officers and regulations, as respects the
poor, taxes, etc.

Populous and extensive parishes are now divided, under various
parliamentary acts, into smaller ecclesiastical districts for spiritual
purposes. Mozley & W.

2. An ecclesiastical society, usually not bounded by territorial
limits, but composed of those persons who choose to unite under the
charge of a particular priest, clergyman, or minister; also, loosely,
the territory in which the members of a congregation live. [U. S.]

3. In Louisiana, a civil division corresponding to a county in other
States.

Par"ish, a. Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial; as, a parish
church; parish records; a parish priest; maintained by the parish; as,
parish poor. Dryden.

Parish clerk. (a) The clerk or recording officer of a parish. (b) A
layman who leads in the responses and otherwise assists in the service
of the Church of England. -- Parish court, in Louisiana, a court in
each parish.

Par"ish*en (?), n. A parishioner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pa*rish"ion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial. [R.]
Bp. Hall.

Pa*rish"ion*er (?), n. [F. paroissien, LL. parochianus.] One who
belongs to, or is connected with, a parish.

Pa*ri"sian (?), n. [Cf. F. parisen.] A native or inhabitant of Paris,
the capital of France.

Pa*ri"sian, a. Of or pertaining to Paris.

||Pa`ri`si`enne" (?), n. [F.] A female native or resident of Paris.

Par`i*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; almost equal, evenly balanced + -logy.]
The use of equivocal or ambiguous words. [R.]

{ Par`i*syl*lab"ic (?), Par`i*syl*lab"ic*al (?), } a. [Pari- +
syllabic, -ical: cf. F. parisyllabique.] Having the same number of
syllables in all its inflections.

Par"i*tor (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. apparitor: cf. L. paritor a servant,
attendant.] An apparitor. "Summoned by an host of paritors." Dryden.

Par"i*to*ry (?), n. Pellitory. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Par"i*ty (?), n. [L. paritas, fr. par, paris, equal: cf. F. paritÈ. See
Pair, Peer an equal.] The quality or condition of being equal or
equivalent; A like state or degree; equality; close correspondence;
analogy; as, parity of reasoning. "No parity of principle." De Quincey.

    Equality of length and parity of numeration.


Sir T. Browne.

Park (?), n. [AS. pearroc, or perh. rather fr. F. parc; both being of
the same origin; cf. LL. parcus, parricus, Ir. & Gael. pairc, W. park,
parwg. Cf. Paddock an inclosure, Parrock.] 1. (Eng. Law) A piece of
ground inclosed, and stored with beasts of the chase, which a man may
have by prescription, or the king's grant. Mozley & W.

2. A tract of ground kept in its natural state, about or adjacent to a
residence, as for the preservation of game, for walking, riding, or the
like. Chaucer.

    While in the park I sing, the listening deer Attend my passion, and
    forget to fear.


Waller.

3. A piece of ground, in or near a city or town, inclosed and kept for
ornament and recreation; as, Hyde Park in London; Central Park in New
York.

4. (Mil.) A space occupied by the animals, wagons, pontoons, and
materials of all kinds, as ammunition, ordnance stores, hospital
stores, provisions, etc., when brought together; also, the objects
themselves; as, a park of wagons; a park of artillery.

5. A partially inclosed basin in which oysters are grown. [Written also
parc.]

Park of artillery. See under Artillery. -- Park phaeton, a small, low
carriage, for use in parks.

Park, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parking.] 1. To
inclose in a park, or as in a park.

    How are we parked, and bounded in a pale.


Shak.

2. (Mil.) To bring together in a park, or compact body; as, to park the
artillery, the wagons, etc.

Park"er (?), n. The keeper of a park. Sir M. Hale.

||Par*ke"ri*a (?), n. [NL. So named from W. K. Parker, a British
||zoˆlogist.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of large arenaceous fossil Foraminifera
||found in the Cretaceous rocks. The species are globular, or nearly
||so, and are of all sizes up to that of a tennis ball.

<! p. 1044 !>

Parkes"ine (?), n. [So called from Mr. Parkes, the inventor.] A
compound, originally made from gun cotton and castor oil, but later
from different materials, and used as a substitute for vulcanized India
rubber and for ivory; -- called also xylotile.

Park"leaves` (?), n. (Bot.) A European species of Saint John's-wort;
the tutsan. See Tutsan.

Par"lance (?), n. [OF., fr. F. parler to speak. See Parley.]
Conversation; discourse; talk; diction; phrase; as, in legal parlance;
in common parlance.

    A hate of gossip parlance and of sway.


Tennyson.

{ ||Par*lan"do (?), ||Par*lan"te (?), } a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.)
Speaking; in a speaking or declamatory manner; to be sung or played in
the style of a recitative.

Parle (?), v. i. [F. parler. See Parley.] To talk; to converse; to
parley. [Obs.] Shak.

    Finding himself too weak, began to parle.


Milton.

Parle, n. Conversation; talk; parley. [Obs.]

    They ended parle, and both addressed for fight.


Milton.

Par"ley (?), n.; pl. Parleys (#). [F. parler speech, talk, fr. parler
to speak, LL. parabolare, fr. L. parabola a comparison, parable, in
LL., a word. See Parable, and cf. Parliament, Parlor.] Mutual discourse
or conversation; discussion; hence, an oral conference with an enemy,
as with regard to a truce.

    We yield on parley, but are stormed in vain.


Dryden.

To beat a parley (Mil.), to beat a drum, or sound a trumpet, as a
signal for holding a conference with the enemy.

Par"ley, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Parleyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parleying.]
To speak with another; to confer on some point of mutual concern; to
discuss orally; hence, specifically, to confer orally with an enemy; to
treat with him by words, as on an exchange of prisoners, an armistice,
or terms of peace.

    They are at hand, To parley or to fight; therefore prepare.


Shak.

Par"lia*ment (?), n. [OE. parlement, F. parlement, fr. parler to speak;
cf. LL. parlamentum, parliamentum. See Parley.] 1. A parleying; a
discussion; a conference. [Obs.]

    But first they held their parliament.


Rom. of R.

2. A formal conference on public affairs; a general council; esp., an
assembly of representatives of a nation or people having authority to
make laws.

    They made request that it might be lawful for them to summon a
    parliament of Gauls.


Golding.

3. The assembly of the three estates of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, viz., the lords spiritual, lords temporal, and the
representatives of the commons, sitting in the House of Lords and the
House of Commons, constituting the legislature, when summoned by the
royal authority to consult on the affairs of the nation, and to enact
and repeal laws.

Thought the sovereign is a constituting branch of Parliament, the word
is generally used to denote the three estates named above.

4. In France, before the Revolution of 1789, one of the several
principal judicial courts.

Parliament heel, the inclination of a ship when made to careen by
shifting her cargo or ballast. -- Parliament hinge (Arch.), a hinge
with so great a projection from the wall or frame as to allow a door or
shutter to swing back flat against the wall. -- Long Parliament, Rump
Parliament. See under Long, and Rump.

Par`lia*men"tal (?), a. Parliamentary. [Obs.]

Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Parliament. Wood.

Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an, n. 1. (Eng. Hist.) One who adhered to the
Parliament, in opposition to King Charles I. Walpole.

2. One versed in the rules and usages of Parliament or similar
deliberative assemblies; as, an accomplished parliamentarian.

Par`lia*men"ta*ri*ly (?), adv. In a parliamentary manner.

Par`lia*men"ta*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. parlementaire.]

1. Of or pertaining to Parliament; as, parliamentary authority. Bacon.

2. Enacted or done by Parliament; as, a parliamentary act. Sir M. Hale.

3. According to the rules and usages of Parliament or of deliberative
bodies; as, a parliamentary motion.

Parliamentary agent, a person, usually a solicitor, professionally
employed by private parties to explain and recommend claims, bills,
etc., under consideration of Parliament. [Eng.] -- Parliamentary train,
one of the trains which, by act of Parliament, railway companies are
required to run for the conveyance of third-class passengers at a
reduced rate. [Eng.]

Par"lor (?), n. [OE. parlour, parlur, F. parloir, LL. parlatorium. See
Parley.] [Written also parlour.] A room for business or social
conversation, for the reception of guests, etc. Specifically: (a) The
apartment in a monastery or nunnery where the inmates are permitted to
meet and converse with each other, or with visitors and friends from
without. Piers Plowman. (b) In large private houses, a sitting room for
the family and for familiar guests, -- a room for less formal uses than
the drawing-room. Esp., in modern times, the dining room of a house
having few apartments, as a London house, where the dining parlor is
usually on the ground floor. (c) Commonly, in the United States, a
drawing- room, or the room where visitors are received and entertained.

"In England people who have a drawing-room no longer call it a parlor,
as they called it of old and till recently." Fitzed. Hall.

Parlor car. See Palace car, under Car.

Par"lous (?), a. [For perlous, a contr. fr. perilous.] 1. Attended with
peril; dangerous; as, a parlous cough. [Archaic] "A parlous snuffing."
Beau. & Fl.

2. Venturesome; bold; mischievous; keen. [Obs.] "A parlous boy." Shak.
"A parlous wit." Dryden. -- Par"lous*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Par"lous*ness,
n. [Obs.]

Par`me*san" (?), a. [F. parmesan, It. parmigiano.] Of or pertaining to
Parma in Italy.

Parmesan cheese, a kind of cheese of a rich flavor, though from skimmed
milk, made in Parma, Italy.

||Par*nas"si*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of herbs growing in wet
||places, and having white flowers; grass of Parnassus.

Par*nas"sian (?), a. [L. Parnassius.] Of or pertaining to Parnassus.

Par*nas"sian, n. [See Parnassus.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species
of butterflies belonging to the genus Parnassius. They inhabit the
mountains, both in the Old World and in America.

Par*nas"sus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Anc. Geog. & Gr. Myth.) A
mountain in Greece, sacred to Apollo and the Muses, and famous for a
temple of Apollo and for the Castalian spring.

Grass of Parnassus. (Bot.) See under Grass, and Parnassia. -- To climb
Parnassus, to write poetry. [Colloq.]

Par`oc*cip"i*tal (?), a. [Pref. para-  + occipital.] (Anat.) Situated
near or beside the occipital condyle or the occipital bone;
paramastoid; -- applied especially to a process of the skull in some
animals.

Pa*ro"chi*al (?), a. [LL. parochialis, from L. parochia. See Parish.]
Of or pertaining to a parish; restricted to a parish; as, parochial
duties. "Parochial pastors." Bp. Atterbury. Hence, limited; narrow.
"The parochial mind." W. Black.

Pa*ro"chi*al*ism (?), n. The quality or state of being parochial in
form or nature; a system of management peculiar to parishes.

Pa*ro`chi*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being parochial. [R.] Sir J.
Marriot.

Pa*ro"chi*al*ize (?), v. t. To render parochial; to form into parishes.

Pa*ro"chi*al*ly, adv. In a parochial manner; by the parish, or by
parishes. Bp. Stillingfleet.

Pa*ro"chi*an (?), a. [See Parochial, Parishioner.] Parochial. [Obs.]
"Parochian churches." Bacon.

Pa*ro"chi*an, n. [LL. parochianus.] A parishioner. [Obs.] Ld. Burleigh.

{ Pa*rod"ic (?), Pa*rod"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. parodique.]
Having the character of parody.

    Very paraphrastic, and sometimes parodical.


T. Warton.

Par"o*dist (?), n. [Cf. F. parodiste.] One who writes a parody; one who
parodies. Coleridge.

Par"o*dy (?), n.; pl. Parodies (#). [L. parodia, Gr. &?;; para` beside
+ &?; a song: cf. F. parodie. See Para-, and Ode.]

1. A writing in which the language or sentiment of an author is
mimicked; especially, a kind of literary pleasantry, in which what is
written on one subject is altered, and applied to another by way of
burlesque; travesty.

    The lively parody which he wrote . . . on Dryden's "Hind and
    Panther" was received with great applause.


Macaulay.

2. A popular maxim, adage, or proverb. [Obs.]

Par"o*dy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parodied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parodying.]
[Cf. F. parodier.] To write a parody upon; to burlesque.

    I have translated, or rather parodied, a poem of Horace.


Pope.

Par"o*ket` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Paroquet.

Pa*rol" (?), n. [See Parole, the same word.]

1. A word; an oral utterance. [Obs.]

2. (Law) Oral declaration; word of mouth; also, a writing not under
seal. Blackstone.

Pa*rol", a. Given or done by word of mouth; oral; also, given by a
writing not under seal; as, parol evidence.

Parol arrest (Law), an arrest in pursuance of a verbal order from a
magistrate. -- Parol contract (Law), any contract not of record or
under seal, whether oral or written; a simple contract. Chitty. Story.

Pa*role" (?), n. [F. parole. See Parley, and cf. Parol.] 1. A word; an
oral utterance. [Obs.]

2. Word of promise; word of honor; plighted faith; especially (Mil.),
promise, upon one's faith and honor, to fulfill stated conditions, as
not to bear arms against one's captors, to return to custody, or the
like.

    This man had forfeited his military parole.


Macaulay.

3. (Mil.) A watchword given only to officers of guards; --
distinguished from countersign, which is given to all guards.

4. (Law) Oral declaration. See lst Parol, 2.

Pa*role", a. See 2d Parol.

Pa*role", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paroled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paroling.]
(Mil.) To set at liberty on parole; as, to parole prisoners.

Par`o*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. fr. &?;, fr. &?; to grant; &?; by, near +
&?; to speak together, agree. See Homologous.] (Rhet.) A concession to
an adversary in order to strengthen one's own argument.

||Par`o*no*ma"si*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to form a word by
||a slight change; para` beside + &?; to name, fr. &?; a name.] (Rhet.)
||A play upon words; a figure by which the same word is used in
||different senses, or words similar in sound are set in opposition to
||each other, so as to give antithetical force to the sentence;
||punning. Dryden.

{ Par`o*no*mas"tic (?), Par`o*no*mas"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining
to paronomasia; consisting in a play upon words.

Par`o*nom"a*sy (?), n. [Cf. F. paronomasie.] Paronomasia. [R.] B.
Jonson.

||Par`o*nych"i*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; para` beside + &?;, &?;, a
||nail.] (Med.) A whitlow, or felon. Quincy.

Par"o*nym (?), n. A paronymous word. [Written also paronyme.]

Pa*ron"y*mous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; para` beside, near + &?; a name.] 1.
Having the same derivation; allied radically; conjugate; -- said of
certain words, as man, mankind, manhood, etc.

2. Having a similar sound, but different orthography and different
meaning; -- said of certain words, as al&?; and awl; hair and hare,
etc.

Pa*ron"y*my, n. The quality of being paronymous; also, the use of
paronymous words.

||Par`o*ˆph"o*ron (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; (see Para-) + &?; an egg +
||&?; to bear.] (Anat.) A small mass of tubules near the ovary in some
||animals, and corresponding with the parepididymis of the male.

Par"o*quet` (?), n. [F. perroquet, or Sp. periquito; both prob. orig.
meaning, little Peter. See Parrot.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Parrakeet. [Written
also paroket, parroquet, and perroquet.]

Paroquet auk or auklet (Zoˆl.), a small auk (Cyclorrhynchus
psittaculus) inhabiting the coast and islands of Alaska. The upper
parts are dark slate, under parts white, bill orange red. Called also
perroquet auk.

||Pa*ror"chis (?), n. [NL. See Para- , and Orchis.] (Anat.) The part of
||the epididymis; or the corresponding part of the excretory duct of
||the testicle, which is derived from the Wolffian body.

Pa*ros"te*al (?), (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to parostosis; as,
parosteal ossification.

||Par`os*to"sis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Ostosis.] (Physiol.)
||Ossification which takes place in purely fibrous tracts; the
||formation of bone outside of the periosteum.

Par`os*tot"ic (?), a. Pertaining to parostosis.

Pa*rot"ic (?), a. [See Parotid.] (Anat.) On the side of the auditory
capsule; near the external ear.

Parotic region (Zoˆl.), the space around the ears.

Pa*rot"id (?), a. [L. parotis, -idis, Gr. &?;, &?;; para` beside, near
+ &?;, &?;, the ear: cf. F. parotide. ] (Anat.) (a) Situated near the
ear; -- applied especially to the salivary gland near the ear. (b) Of,
pertaining to, or in the region of, the parotid gland.

Parotid gland (Anat.), one of the salivary glands situated just in
front of or below the ear. It is the largest of the salivary glands in
man, and its duct opens into the interior of the mouth opposite the
second molar of the upper jaw.

Pa*rot"id, n. (Anat.) The parotid gland.

Par`o*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Parotid, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation
of the parotid glands.

Epidemic, or Infectious, parotitis, mumps.

Par"o*toid (?), a. [Parotid + -oid.] (Anat.) Resembling the parotid
gland; -- applied especially to cutaneous glandular elevations above
the ear in many toads and frogs. -- n. A parotoid gland.

||Pa*rou"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;. See Parusia.] (a) The nativity
||of our Lord. (b) The last day. Shipley.

||Par`o*va"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Ovarium.] (Anat.) A group
||of tubules, a remnant of the Wolffian body, often found near the
||ovary or oviduct; the epoˆphoron.

Par"ox*ysm (?), n. [F. paroxysme, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to sharpen,
irritate; para` beside, beyond + &?; to sharpen, from &?; sharp.] 1.
(Med.) The fit, attack, or exacerbation, of a disease that occurs at
intervals, or has decided remissions or intermissions. Arbuthnot.

2. Any sudden and violent emotion; spasmodic passion or action; a
convulsion; a fit.

    The returning paroxysms of diffidence and despair.


South.

Par`ox*ys"mal (?), a. Of the nature of a paroxysm; characterized or
accompanied by paroxysms; as, a paroxysmal pain; paroxysmal temper. --
Par`ox*ys"mal*ly, adv.

Par*ox"y*tone (?), n. [Gr. &?;, a. See Para-, and Oxytone.] (Gr. Gram.)
A word having an acute accent on the penultimate syllable.

Par*quet" (?), n. [F. See Parquetry.]

1. A body of seats on the floor of a music hall or theater nearest the
orchestra; but commonly applied to the whole lower floor of a theater,
from the orchestra to the dress circle; the pit.

2. Same as Parquetry.

Par"quet*age (?), n. See Parquetry.

Par"quet*ed, a. Formed in parquetry; inlaid with wood in small and
differently colored figures.

    One room parqueted with yew, which I liked well.


Evelyn.

Par"quet*ry (?), n. [F. parqueterie, fr. parquet inlaid flooring, fr.
parquet, dim. of parc an inclosure. See Park.] A species of joinery or
cabinet-work consisting of an inlay of geometric or other patterns,
generally of different colors, -- used especially for floors.

Par*quette" (?), n. See Parquet.

Parr (?), n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir. bradan a salmon.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A young
salmon in the stage when it has dark transverse bands; -- called also
samlet, skegger, and fingerling. (b) A young leveret.

<! p. 1045 !>

{ Par"ra*keet` (?), Par"a*keet` }, n. [See Paroquet.] (Zoˆl.) Any one
of numerous species of small parrots having a graduated tail, which is
frequently very long; -- called also paroquet and paraquet.

Many of the Asiatic and Australian species belong to the genus
Paleornis; others belong to Polytelis, Platycercus, Psephotus, Euphema,
and allied genera. The American parrakeets mostly belong to the genus
Conurus, as the Carolina parrakeet (C. Carolinensis).

{ Par"ral (?), Par"rel (?), } n. [F. appareil. See Apparel, n.] 1.
(Naut.) The rope or collar by which a yard or spar is held to the mast
in such a way that it may be hoisted or lowered at pleasure. Totten.

2. A chimney-piece. Halliwell.

||Par*ra"qua (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A curassow of the genus Ortalida, allied
||to the guan.

||Par*rhe"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; para` beside, beyond + &?; a
||speaking.] (Rhet.) Boldness or freedom of speech.

Par"ri*ci`dal (?), a. [L. parricidalis, parricidialis. See Parricide.]
Of or pertaining to parricide; guilty of parricide.

Par"ri*cide (?), n. [F., fr. L. parricida; pater father + caedere to
kill. See Father, Homicide, and cf. Patricide.]

1. Properly, one who murders one's own father; in a wider sense, one
who murders one's father or mother or any ancestor.

2. [L. parricidium.] The act or crime of murdering one's own father or
any ancestor.

Par`ri*cid"i*ous (?), a. Parricidal. [Obs.]

Par"rock (?), n. [AS. pearruc, pearroc. See Park.] A croft, or small
field; a paddock. [Prov. Eng.]

Par"rot (?), n. [Prob. fr. F. Pierrot, dim. of Pierre Peter. F. pierrot
is also the name of the sparrow. Cf. Paroquet, Petrel, Petrify.] 1.
(Zoˆl.) In a general sense, any bird of the order Psittaci.

2. (Zoˆl.) Any species of Psittacus, Chrysotis, Pionus, and other
genera of the family PsittacidÊ, as distinguished from the parrakeets,
macaws, and lories. They have a short rounded or even tail, and often a
naked space on the cheeks. The gray parrot, or jako (P. erithacus) of
Africa (see Jako), and the species of Amazon, or green, parrots
(Chrysotis) of America, are examples. Many species, as cage birds,
readily learn to imitate sounds, and to repeat words and phrases.

Carolina parrot (Zoˆl.), the Carolina parrakeet. See Parrakeet. --
Night parrot, or Owl parrot. (Zoˆl.) See Kakapo. -- Parrot coal, cannel
coal; -- so called from the crackling and chattering sound it makes in
burning. [Eng. & Scot.] -- Parrot green. (Chem.) See Scheele's green,
under Green, n. -- Parrot weed (Bot.), a suffrutescent plant (Bocconia
frutescens) of the Poppy family, native of the warmer parts of America.
It has very large, sinuate, pinnatifid leaves, and small, panicled,
apetalous flowers. -- Parrot wrasse, Parrot fish (Zoˆl.), any fish of
the genus Scarus. One species (S. Cretensis), found in the
Mediterranean, is esteemed by epicures, and was highly prized by the
ancient Greeks and Romans.

Par"rot, v. t. To repeat by rote, as a parrot.

Par"rot, v. i. To chatter like a parrot.

Par"rot*er (?), n. One who simply repeats what he has heard. [R.] J. S.
Mill.

Par"rot*ry (?), n. Servile imitation or repetition. [R.] Coleridge.
"The supine parrotry." Fitzed. Hall.

Par"rot's-bill` (?), n. [So called from the resemblance of its curved
superior petal to a parrot's bill.] (Bot.) The glory pea. See under
Glory.

Par"ry (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parrying.]
[F. parÈ, p. p. of parer. See Pare, v. t.]

1. To ward off; to stop, or to turn aside; as, to parry a thrust, a
blow, or anything that means or threatens harm. Locke.

    Vice parries wide The undreaded volley with a sword of straw.


Cowper.

2. To avoid; to shift or put off; to evade.

    The French government has parried the payment of our claims.


E. Everett.

Par"ry, v. i. To ward off, evade, or turn aside something, as a blow,
argument, etc. Locke.

Par"ry, n.; pl. Parries (&?;). A warding off of a thrust or blow, as in
sword and bayonet exercises or in boxing; hence, figuratively, a
defensive movement in debate or other intellectual encounter.

Parse (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parsing.]
[L. pars a part; pars orationis a part of speech. See Part, n.] (Gram.)
To resolve into its elements, as a sentence, pointing out the several
parts of speech, and their relation to each other by government or
agreement; to analyze and describe grammatically.

    Let him construe the letter into English, and parse it over
    perfectly.


Ascham.

Par"see (?), n. [Hind. & Per. prs a Persian, a follower of Zoroaster, a
fire worshiper. Cf. Persian.]

1. One of the adherents of the Zoroastrian or ancient Persian religion,
descended from Persian refugees settled in India; a fire worshiper; a
Gheber.

2. The Iranian dialect of much of the religious literature of the
Parsees.

Par"see*ism (?), n. The religion and customs of the Parsees.

Pars"er (?), n. One who parses.

Par`si*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. parcimonieux. See Parsimony.]
Exhibiting parsimony; sparing in expenditure of money; frugal to
excess; penurious; niggardly; stingy. -- Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. --
Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

    A prodigal king is nearer a tyrant than a parsimonious.


Bacon.

    Extraordinary funds for one campaign may spare us the expense of
    many years; whereas a long, parsimonious war will drain us of more
    men and money.


Addison.

Syn. -- Covetous; niggardly; miserly; penurious; close; saving; mean;
stingy; frugal. See Avaricious.

Par"si*mo*ny (?), n. [L. parsimonia, parcimonia; cf. parcere to spare,
parsus sparing: cf. F. parcimonie.] Closeness or sparingness in the
expenditure of money; -- generally in a bad sense; excessive frugality;
niggardliness. Bacon.

    Awful parsimony presided generally at the table.


Thackeray.

Syn. -- Economy; frugality; illiberality; covetousness; closeness;
stinginess. See Economy.

Pars"ley (?), n. [OE. persely, persil, F. persil, L. petroselinum rock
parsley, Gr. &?;; &?; stone + &?; parsley. Cf. Celery.] (Bot.) An
aromatic umbelliferous herb (Carum Petroselinum), having finely divided
leaves which are used in cookery and as a garnish.

    As she went to the garden for parsley, to stuff a rabbit.


Shak.

Fool's parsley. See under Fool. - - Hedge parsley, Milk parsley, Stone
parsley, names given to various weeds of similar appearance to the
parsley. -- Parsley fern (Bot.), a small fern with leaves resembling
parsley (Cryptogramme crispa). -- Parsley piert (Bot.), a small herb
(Alchemilla arvensis) formerly used as a remedy for calculus.

Pars"nip (?), n. [OE. parsnepe, from a French form, fr. L. pastinaca;
cf. pastinare to dig up, pastinum a kind of dibble; cf. OF. pastenade,
pastenaque.] (Bot.) The aromatic and edible spindle-shaped root of the
cultivated form of the Pastinaca sativa, a biennial umbelliferous plant
which is very poisonous in its wild state; also, the plant itself.

Cow parsnip. See Cow parsnip. -- Meadow parsnip, the European cow
parsnip. - - Poison parsnip, the wild stock of the parsnip. -- Water
parsnip, any plant of the umbelliferous genus Sium, the species of
which are poisonous.

Par"son (?), n. [OE. persone person, parson, OF. persone, F. personne
person, LL. persona (sc. ecclesiae), fr. L. persona a person. See
Person.]

1. (Eng. Eccl. Law) A person who represents a parish in its
ecclesiastical and corporate capacities; hence, the rector or incumbent
of a parochial church, who has full possession of all the rights
thereof, with the cure of souls.

2. Any clergyman having ecclesiastical preferment; one who is in
orders, or is licensed to preach; a preacher.

    He hears the parson pray and preach.


Longfellow.

Parson bird (Zoˆl.), a New Zealand bird (Prosthemadera NovÊseelandiÊ)
remarkable for its powers of mimicry and its ability to articulate
words. Its color is glossy black, with a curious tuft of long, curly,
white feathers on each side of the throat. It is often kept as a cage
bird.

Par"son*age (?), n. 1. (Eng. Eccl. Law) A certain portion of lands,
tithes, and offerings, for the maintenance of the parson of a parish.

2. The glebe and house, or the house only, owned by a parish or
ecclesiastical society, and appropriated to the maintenance or use of
the incumbent or settled pastor.

3. Money paid for the support of a parson. [Scot.]

    What have I been paying stipend and teind, parsonage and vicarage,
    for?


Sir W. Scott.

Par"soned (?), a. Furnished with a parson.

{ Par*son"ic (?), Par*son"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to a parson;
clerical.

    Vainglory glowed in his parsonic heart.


Colman.

-- Par*son"ic*al*ly, adv.

Par"son*ish (?), a. Appropriate to, or like, a parson; -- used in
disparagement. [Colloq.]

Part (?), n. [F. part, L. pars, gen. partis; cf. parere to bring forth,
produce. Cf. Parent, Depart, Parcel, Partner, Party, Portion.] 1. One
of the portions, equal or unequal, into which anything is divided, or
regarded as divided; something less than a whole; a number, quantity,
mass, or the like, regarded as going to make up, with others, a larger
number, quantity, mass, etc., whether actually separate or not; a
piece; a fragment; a fraction; a division; a member; a constituent.

    And kept back part of the price, . . . and brought a certain part
    and laid it at the apostles'feet.


Acts v. 2.

    Our ideas of extension and number -- do they not contain a secret
    relation of the parts ?


Locke.

    I am a part of all that I have met.


Tennyson.

2. Hence, specifically: (a) An equal constituent portion; one of
several or many like quantities, numbers, etc., into which anything is
divided, or of which it is composed; proportional division or
ingredient.

    An homer is the tenth part of an ephah.


Ex. xvi. 36.

    A thought which, quartered, hath but one part wisdom, And ever
    three parts coward.


Shak.

(b) A constituent portion of a living or spiritual whole; a member; an
organ; an essential element.

    All the parts were formed . . . into one harmonious body.


Locke.

    The pulse, the glow of every part.


Keble.

(c) A constituent of character or capacity; quality; faculty; talent;
-- usually in the plural with a collective sense. "Men of considerable
parts." Burke. "Great quickness of parts." Macaulay.

    Which maintained so politic a state of evil, that they will not
    admit any good part to intermingle with them.


Shak.

(d) Quarter; region; district; -- usually in the plural. "The uttermost
part of the heaven." Neh. i. 9.

    All parts resound with tumults, plaints, and fears.


Dryden.

(e) (Math.) Such portion of any quantity, as when taken a certain
number of times, will exactly make that quantity; as, 3 is a part of
12; -- the opposite of multiple. Also, a line or other element of a
geometrical figure.

3. That which belongs to one, or which is assumed by one, or which
falls to one, in a division or apportionment; share; portion; lot;
interest; concern; duty; office.

    We have no part in David.


2 Sam. xx. 1.

    Accuse not Nature! she hath done her part; Do thou but thine.


Milton.

    Let me bear My part of danger with an equal share.


Dryden.

4. Hence, specifically: (a) One of the opposing parties or sides in a
conflict or a controversy; a faction.

    For he that is not against us is on our part.


Mark ix. 40.

    Make whole kingdoms take her brother's part.


Waller.

(b) A particular character in a drama or a play; an assumed
personification; also, the language, actions, and influence of a
character or an actor in a play; or, figuratively, in real life. See To
act a part, under Act.

    That part Was aptly fitted and naturally performed.


Shak.

    It was a brute part of him to kill so capital a calf.


Shak.

    Honor and shame from no condition rise; Act well your part, there
    all the honor lies.


Pope.

(c) (Mus.) One of the different melodies of a concerted composition,
which heard in union compose its harmony; also, the music for each
voice or instrument; as, the treble, tenor, or bass part; the violin
part, etc.

For my part, so far as concerns me; for my share. -- For the most part.
See under Most, a. -- In good part, as well done; favorably;
acceptably; in a friendly manner. Hooker. -- In ill part, unfavorably;
with displeasure. -- In part, in some degree; partly. -- Part and
parcel, an essential or constituent portion; -- a reduplicative phrase.
Cf. might and main, kith and kin, etc. "She was . . . part and parcel
of the race and place." Howitt. -- Part of speech (Gram.), a sort or
class of words of a particular character; thus, the noun is a part of
speech denoting the name of a thing; the verb is a part of speech which
asserts something of the subject of a sentence. -- Part owner (Law),
one of several owners or tenants in common. See Joint tenant, under
Joint. -- Part singing, singing in which two or more of the harmonic
parts are taken. -- Part song, a song in two or more (commonly four)
distinct vocal parts. "A part song differs from a madrigal in its
exclusion of contrapuntual devices; from a glee, in its being sung by
many voices, instead of by one only, to each part." Stainer & Barrett.

Syn. -- Portion; section; division; fraction; fragment; piece; share;
constituent. See Portion, and Section.

Part (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parted; p. pr. & vb. n. Parting.] [F.
partir, L. partire, partiri, p. p. partitus, fr. pars, gen. partis, a
part. See Part, n.]

1. To divide; to separate into distinct parts; to break into two or
more parts or pieces; to sever. "Thou shalt part it in pieces." Lev.
ii. 6.

    There, [celestial love] parted into rainbow hues.


Keble.

2. To divide into shares; to divide and distribute; to allot; to
apportion; to share.

    To part his throne, and share his heaven with thee.


Pope.

    They parted my raiment among them.


John xix. 24.

3. To separate or disunite; to cause to go apart; to remove from
contact or contiguity; to sunder.

    The Lord do so to me, and more also, if aught but death part thee
    and me.


Ruth i. 17.

    While he blessed them, he was parted from them, and carried up into
    heaven.


Luke xxiv. 51.

    The narrow seas that part The French and English.


Shak.

4. Hence: To hold apart; to stand between; to intervene betwixt, as
combatants.

    The stumbling night did part our weary powers.


Shak.

5. To separate by a process of extraction, elimination, or secretion;
as, to part gold from silver.

    The liver minds his own affair, . . . And parts and strains the
    vital juices.


Prior.

6. To leave; to quit. [Obs.]

    Since presently your souls must part your bodies.


Shak.

To part a cable (Naut.), to break it. -- To part company, to separate,
as travelers or companions.

Part, v. i. 1. To be broken or divided into parts or pieces; to break;
to become separated; to go asunder; as, rope parts; his hair parts in
the middle.

2. To go away; to depart; to take leave; to quit each other; hence, to
die; -- often with from.

    He wrung Bassanio's hand, and so they parted.


Shak.

    He owned that he had parted from the duke only a few hours before.


Macaulay.

    His precious bag, which he would by no means part from.


G. Eliot.

3. To perform an act of parting; to relinquish a connection of any
kind; -- followed by with or from.

    Celia, for thy sake, I part With all that grew so near my heart.


Waller.

    Powerful hands . . . will not part Easily from possession won with
    arms.


Milton.

    It was strange to him that a father should feel no tenderness at
    parting with an only son.


A. Trollope.

4. To have a part or share; to partake. [Obs.] "They shall part alike."
1 Sam. xxx. 24.

Part, adv. Partly; in a measure. [R.] Shak.

Part"a*ble (?), a. See Partible. Camden.

Part"age (?), n. [F. See Part, v. & n.]

1. Division; the act of dividing or sharing. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. Part; portion; share. [Obs.] Ford.

Par*take" (?), v. i. [imp. Partook (?); p. p. Partaken (&?;); p. pr. &
vb. n. Partaking.] [Part + take.]

1. To take a part, portion, lot, or share, in common with others; to
have a share or part; to participate; to share; as, to partake of a
feast with others. "Brutes partake in this faculty." Locke.

    When I against myself with thee partake.


Shak.

2. To have something of the properties, character, or office; --
usually followed by of.

    The attorney of the Duchy of Lancaster partakes partly of a judge,
    and partly of an attorney-general.


Bacon.

<! p. 1046 !>

Par*take" (?), v. t. 1. To partake of; to have a part or share in; to
share.

    Let every one partake the general joy.


Driden.

2. To admit to a share; to cause to participate; to give a part to.
[Obs.] Spencer.

3. To distribute; to communicate. [Obs.] Shak.

Par*tak"er (?), n. 1. One who partakes; a sharer; a participator.

    Partakers of their spiritual things.


Rom. xv. 27.

    Wish me partaker in my happiness.


Shark.

2. An accomplice; an associate; a partner. [Obs.]

    Partakers wish them in the blood of the prophets.


Matt. xxiii. 30.

Par"tan (?), n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael. partan.] (Zoˆl.) An edible British
crab. [Prov. Eng.]

Part"ed (?), a. 1. Separated; devided.

2. Endowed with parts or abilities. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

3. (Bot.) Cleft so that the divisions reach nearly, but not quite, to
the midrib, or the base of the blade; -- said of a leaf, and used
chiefly in composition; as, three- parted, five-parted, etc. Gray.

Part"er (?), n. One who, or which, parts or separates. Sir P. Sidney.

Par*terre" (?), n. [F., fr. par on, by (L. per)+terre earth, ground, L.
terra. See Terrace.] 1. (Hort.) An ornamental and diversified
arrangement of beds or plots, in which flowers are cultivated, with
intervening spaces of gravel or turf for walking on.

2. The pit of a theater; the parquet. [France]

Par*the"ni*ad (?), n. [See Parthenic.] A poem in honor of a virgin.
[Obs.]

Par*then"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a maid, virgin.] Of or pertaining
to the Spartan PartheniÊ, or sons of unmarried women.

Par`the*no*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. parqe`nos a virgin + E. genesis.] 1.
(Biol.) The production of new individuals from virgin females by means
of ova which have the power of developing without the intervention of
the male element; the production, without fertilization, of cells
capable of germination. It is one of the phenomena of alternate
generation. Cf. Heterogamy, and Metagenesis.

2. (Bot.) The production of seed without fertilization, believed to
occur through the nonsexual formation of an embryo extraneous to the
embrionic vesicle.

Par`the*no*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.) Of, pertaining to, or produced by,
parthenogenesis; as, parthenogenetic forms. --
Par`the*no*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

Par`the*no*gen"i*tive (?), a. (Biol.) Parthenogenetic.

Par`the*nog"e*ny (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Parthenogenesis.

Par"the*non (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Parqenw`n, fr.parqe`nos a virgin, i.
e., Athene, the Greek goddess called also Pallas.] A celebrated marble
temple of Athene, on the Acropolis at Athens. It was of the pure Doric
order, and has had an important influence on art.

||Par*then"o*pe (p‰r*thn"*p), n. [L., the name of a Siren, fr. Gr.
||Parqeno`pn.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) One of the Sirens, who threw herself into
||the sea, in despair at not being able to beguile Ulysses by her
||songs.

2. One of the asteroids between Mars and Jupiter, discovered by M. de
Gasparis in 1850.

Par"thi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to ancient Parthia, in Asia. -- n.
A native of Parthia.

Parthian arrow, an arrow discharged at an enemy when retreating from
him, as was the custom of the ancient Parthians; hence, a parting shot.

Par"tial (?), a. [F., fr. LL. partials, fr. L. pars, gen. partis, a
part; cf. (for sense 1) F. partiel. See Part, n.] 1. Of, pertaining to,
or affecting, a part only; not general or universal; not total or
entire; as, a partial eclipse of the moon. "Partial dissolutions of the
earth." T. Burnet.

2. Inclined to favor one party in a cause, or one side of a question,
more then the other; baised; not indifferent; as, a judge should not be
partial.

    Ye have been partial in the law.


Mal. ii. 9.

3. Having a predelection for; inclined to favor unreasonably; foolishly
fond. "A partial parent." Pope.

    Not partial to an ostentatious display.


Sir W. Scott.

4. (Bot.) Pertaining to a subordinate portion; as, a compound umbel is
made up of a several partial umbels; a leaflet is often supported by a
partial petiole.

Partial differentials, Partial differential coefficients, Partial
differentiation, etc. (of a function of two or more variables), the
differentials, differential coefficients, differentiation etc., of the
function, upon the hypothesis that some of the variables are for the
time constant. -- Partial fractions (Alg.), fractions whose sum equals
a given fraction. -- Partial tones (Music), the simple tones which in
combination form an ordinary tone; the overtones, or harmonics, which,
blending with a fundamental tone, cause its special quality of sound,
or timbre, or tone color. See, also, Tone.

Par"tial*ism (?), n. Partiality; specifically (Theol.), the doctrine of
the Partialists.

Par"tial*ist n. 1. One who is partial. [R.]

2. (Theol.) One who holds that the atonement was made only for a part
of mankind, that is, for the elect.

Par`ti*al"i*ty (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. partialitÈ.] 1. The quality or
state of being partial; inclination to favor one party, or one side of
a question, more than the other; undue bias of mind.

2. A predilection or inclination to one thing rather than to others;
special taste or liking; as, a partiality for poetry or painting.
Roget.

Par"tial*ize (?), v. t. & i. To make or be partial. [R.]

Par"tial*ly adv. 1. In part; not totally; as, partially true; the sun
partially eclipsed. Sir T. Browne.

2. In a partial manner; with undue bias of mind; with unjust favor or
dislike; as, to judge partially. Shak.

Part`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [From Partible.] The quality or state of being
partible; divisibility; separability; as, the partibility of an
inherttance.

Part"i*ble (?), a. [L. partibilis, fr. partire to part, divide, fr. L.
pars: cf. F. partible. See Part.] Admitting of being parted; divisible;
separable; susceptible of severance or partition; as, an estate of
inheritance may be partible. "Make the molds partible." Bacon.

Par*tic"i*pa*ble (?), a. Capable of being participated or shared. [R.]
Norris.

Par*tic"i*pant (?), a. [L. participans, p. pr. of participare: cf. F.
participant. See Participate.] Sharing; participating; having a share
of part. Bacon.

Par*tic"i*pant, n. A participator; a partaker.

    Participants in their . . . mysterious rites.


Bp. Warburton.

Par*tic"i*pant*ly, adv. In a participant manner.

Par*tic"i*pate (?), a. [L. participatus, p. p. of participare to
participate; pars, partis, part + capere to take. See Part, and
Capacious.] Acting in common; participating. [R.] Shak.

Par*tic"i*pate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Participated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Participating.] To have a share in common with others; to take a
part; to partake; -- followed by in, formely by of; as, to participate
in a debate. Shak.

    So would he participateof their wants.


Hayward.

    Mine may come when men With angels may participate.


Milton.

Par*tic"i*pate, v. t. 1. To partake of; to share in; to receive a part
of. [R.]

    Fit to participate all rational delight.


Milton.

2. To impart, or give, or share of. [Obs.] Drayton.

Par*tic`i*pa"tion (?), n. [F. participation, L. participatio.] 1. The
act or state of participating, or sharing in common with others; as, a
participation in joy or sorrows.

    These deities are so by participation.


Bp. Stillingfleet.

    What an honor, that God should admit us into such a blessed
    participation of himself!


Atterbury.

2. Distribution; division into shares. [Obs.] Raleigh.

3. community; fellowship; association. [Obs.] Shak.

Par*tic"i*pa*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. participatif.] Capable of
participating.

Par*tic"i*pa`tor (?), n. [L.] One who participates, or shares with
another; a partaker.

Par`ti*cip"i*al (?), a. [L. participialis: cf. E. participal. See
Participle.] Having, or partaking of, the nature and use of a
participle; formed from a participle; as, a participial noun. Lowth.

Par`ti*cip"i*al, n. A participial word.

Par`ti*cip"i*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Participialized (?); p.
pr. & vb. n. Participializing.] To form into, or put in the form of, a
participle. [R.]

Par`ti*cip"i*al*ly, adv. In the sense or manner of a participle.

Par"ti*ci*ple (?), n. [F. participe, L. participium, fr. particeps
sharing, participant; pars, gen. partis, a part + capere to take. See
Participate.] 1. (Gram.) A part of speech partaking of the nature both
verb and adjective; a form of a verb, or verbal adjective, modifying a
noun, but taking the adjuncts of the verb from which it is derived. In
the sentences: a letter is written; being asleep he did not hear;
exhausted by toil he will sleep soundly, -- written, being, and
exhaustedare participles.

    By a participle, [I understand] a verb in an adjectival aspect.


Earle.

Present participles, called also imperfect, or incomplete, participles,
end in -ing. Past participles, called also perfect, or complete,
participles, for the most part end in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n. A
participle when used merely as an attribute of a noun, without
reference to time, is called an adjective, or a participial adjective;
as, a written constitution; a rolling stone; the exhausted army. The
verbal noun in -ing has the form of the present participle. See Verbal
noun, under Verbal, a.

2. Anything that partakes of the nature of different things. [Obs.]

    The participles or confines between plants and living creatures.


Bacon.

Par"ti*cle (?), n. [L. particula, dim of pars, gen partis, a part: cf.
F. particule. See Part, and cf. Parcel.] 1. A minute part or portion of
matter; a morsel; a little bit; an atom; a jot; as, a particle of sand,
of wood, of dust.

    The small size of atoms which unite To make the smallest particle
    of light.


Blackmore.

2. Any very small portion or part; the smallest portion; as, he has not
a particle of patriotism or virtue.

    The houses had not given their commissioners authority in the least
    particle to recede.


Clarendon.

3. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A crumb or little piece of concecrated host. (b) The
smaller hosts distributed in the communion of the laity. Bp.
Fitzpatrick.

4. (Gram.) A subordinate word that is never inflected (a preposition,
conjunction, interjection); or a word that can not be used except in
compositions; as, ward in backward, ly in lovely.

Par"ti*col`ored, a. Same as Party-colored.

Par*tic"u*lar (?), a. [OE. particuler, F. particulier, L. particularis.
See Particle.] 1. Relating to a part or portion of anything; concerning
a part separated from the whole or from others of the class; separate;
sole; single; individual; specific; as, the particular stars of a
constellation. Shak.

    [/Make] each particular hair to stand an end, Like quills upon the
    fretful porpentine.


Shak.

    Seken in every halk and every herne Particular sciences for to
    lerne.


Chaucer.

2. Of or pertaining to a single person, class, or thing; belonging to
one only; not general; not common; hence, personal; peculiar; singular.
"Thine own particular wrongs." Shak.

    Wheresoever one plant draweth such a particular juice out of the
    earth.


Bacon.

3. Separate or distinct by reason of superiority; distinguished;
important; noteworthy; unusual; special; as, he brought no particular
news; she was the particular belle of the party.

4. Concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; circumstantial;
precise; as, a full and particular account of an accident; hence, nice;
fastidious; as, a man particular in his dress.

5. (Law) (a) Containing a part only; limited; as, a particular estate,
or one precedent to an estate in remainder. (b) Holding a particular
estate; as, a particular tenant. Blackstone.

6. (Logic) Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension;
affirmed or denied of a part of a subject; as, a particular
proposition; -- opposed to universal: e. g. (particular affirmative)
Some men are wise; (particular negative) Some men are not wise.

Particular average. See under Average. -- Particular Baptist, one of a
branch of the Baptist denomination the members of which hold the
doctrine of a particular or individual election and reprobation. --
Particular lien (Law), a lien, or a right to retain a thing, for some
charge or claim growing out of, or connected with, that particular
thing. -- Particular redemption, the doctrine that the purpose, act,
and provisions of redemption are restricted to a limited number of the
human race. See Calvinism.

Syn. -- Minute; individual; respective; appropriate; peculiar;
especial; exact; specific; precise; critical; circumstantial. See
Minute.

Par*tic"u*lar (?), n. 1. A separate or distinct member of a class, or
part of a whole; an individual fact, point, circumstance, detail, or
item, which may be considered separately; as, the particulars of a
story.

    Particulars which it is not lawful for me to reveal.


Bacon.

    It is the greatest interest of particulars to advance the good of
    the community.


L'Estrange.

2. Special or personal peculiarity, trait, or character; individuality;
interest, etc. [Obs.]

    For his particular I'll receive him gladly.


Shak.

    If the particulars of each person be considered.


Milton.

    Temporal blessings, whether such as concern the public . . . or
    such as concern our particular.


Whole Duty of Man.

3. (Law) One of the details or items of grounds of claim; -- usually in
the pl.; also, a bill of particulars; a minute account; as, a
particular of premises.

    The reader has a particular of the books wherein this law was
    written.


Ayliffe.

Bill of particulars. See under Bill. - - In particular, specially;
peculiarly. "This, in particular, happens to the lungs." Blackmore. --
To go into particulars, to relate or describe in detail or minutely.

Par*tic"u*lar*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. particularisme.] 1. A minute
description; a detailed statement. [R.]

2. (Theol.) The doctrine of particular election.

3. (German Politics) Devotion to the interests of one's own kingdom or
province rather than to those of the empire.

Par*tic"u*lar*ist, n. [Cf. F. particulariste.] One who holds to
particularism. -- Par*tic`u*lar*is"tic, a.

Par*tic`u*lar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Particularities (#). [Cf. F.
particularitÈ.] 1. The state or quality of being particular;
distinctiveness; circumstantiality; minuteness in detail.

2. That which is particular; as: (a) Peculiar quality; individual
characteristic; peculiarity. "An old heathen altar with this
particularity." Addison. (b) Special circumstance; minute detail;
particular. "Even descending to particularities." Sir P. Sidney. (c)
Something of special or private concern or interest.

    Let the general trumpet blow his blast, Particularities and petty
    sounds To cease!


Shak.

Par*tic`u*lar*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of particularizing. Coleridge.

Par*tic"u*lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Particularized (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Particularizing (?).] [Cf. F. particulariser.] To give as a
particular, or as the particulars; to mention particularly; to give the
particulars of; to enumerate or specify in detail.

    He not only boasts of his parentage as an Israelite, but
    particularizes his descent from Benjamin.


Atterbury.

Par*tic"u*lar*ize, v. i. To mention or attend to particulars; to give
minute details; to be circumstantial; as, to particularize in a
narrative.

Par*tic"u*lar*ly, adv. 1. In a particular manner; expressly; with a
specific reference or interest; in particular; distinctly.

2. In an especial manner; in a high degree; as, a particularly
fortunate man; a particularly bad failure.

    The exact propriety of Virgil I particularly regarded as a great
    part of his character.


Dryden.

Par*tic"u*lar*ment (?), n. A particular; a detail. [Obs.]

Par*tic"u*late (?), v. t. & i. [See Particle.] To particularize. [Obs.]

Par*tic"u*late (?), a. 1. Having the form of a particle.

2. Referring to, or produced by, particles, such as dust, minute germs,
etc. [R.]

    The smallpox is a particulate disease.


Tyndall.

Par"ting (?), a. [From Part, v.] 1. Serving to part; dividing;
separating.

2. Given when departing; as, a parting shot; a parting salute. "Give
him that parting kiss." Shak.

3. Departing. "Speed the parting guest." Pope.

4. Admitting of being parted; partible.

Parting fellow, a partner. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Parting pulley. See under
Pulley. -- Parting sand (Founding), dry, nonadhesive sand, sprinkled
upon the partings of a mold to facilitate the separation. -- Parting
strip (Arch.), in a sash window, one of the thin strips of wood let
into the pulley stile to keep the sashes apart; also, the thin piece
inserted in the window box to separate the weights. -- Parting tool
(Mach.), a thin tool, used in turning or planing, for cutting a piece
in two.

<! p. 1047 !>

Par"ting (?), n. 1. The act of parting or dividing; the state of being
parted; division; separation. "The parting of the way." Ezek. xxi. 21.

2. A separation; a leave-taking. Shak.

    And there were sudden partings, such as press The life from out
    young hearts.


Byron.

3. A surface or line of separation where a division occurs.

4. (Founding) The surface of the sand of one section of a mold where it
meets that of another section.

5. (Chem.) The separation and determination of alloys; esp., the
separation, as by acids, of gold from silver in the assay button.

6. (Geol.) A joint or fissure, as in a coal seam.

7. (Naut.) The breaking, as of a cable, by violence.

8. (Min.) Lamellar separation in a crystallized mineral, due to some
other cause than cleavage, as to the presence of twinning lamellÊ.

Par"ti*san (?), n. [F., fr. It. partigiano. See Party, and cf. Partisan
a truncheon.] [Written also partizan.] 1. An adherent to a party or
faction; esp., one who is strongly and passionately devoted to a party
or an interest. "The violence of a partisan." Macaulay.

    Both sides had their partisans in the colony.


Jefferson.

2. (Mil.) (a) The commander of a body of detached light troops engaged
in making forays and harassing an enemy. (b) Any member of such a
corps.

Par"ti*san, a. [Written also partizan.] 1. Adherent to a party or
faction; especially, having the character of blind, passionate, or
unreasonable adherence to a party; as, blinded by partisan zeal.

2. (Mil.) Serving as a partisan in a detached command; as, a partisan
officer or corps.

Partisan ranger (Mil.), a member of a partisan corps.

Par"ti*san, n. [F. pertuisane, prob. fr. It. partigiana, influenced in
French by OF. pertuisier to pierce. It was prob. so named as the weapon
of some partisans, or party men. Cf. Partisan one of a corps of light
troops.] A kind of halberd or pike; also, a truncheon; a staff.

    And make him with our pikes and partisans a grave.


Shak.

Par"ti*san*ship, n. The state of being a partisan, or adherent to a
party; feelings or conduct appropriate to a partisan.

||Par*ti"ta (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A suite; a set of variations.

Par"tite (?), a. [L. partitus, p. p. of partire to part, divide, from
pars. See Part, and cf. Party, a.] (Bot.) Divided nearly to the base;
as, a partite leaf is a simple separated down nearly to the base.

Par*ti"tion (?), n. [F. partition, L. partitio. See Part, v.] 1. The
act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted; separation;
division; distribution; as, the partition of a kingdom.

    And good from bad find no partition.


Shak.

2. That which divides or separates; that by which different things, or
distinct parts of the same thing, are separated; separating boundary;
dividing line or space; specifically, an interior wall dividing one
part or apartment of a house, an inclosure, or the like, from another;
as, a brick partition; lath and plaster partitions.

    No sight could pass Betwixt the nice partitions of the grass.


Dryden.

3. A part divided off by walls; an apartment; a compartment. [R.]
"Lodged in a small partition." Milton.

4. (Law.) The servance of common or undivided interests, particularly
in real estate. It may be effected by consent of parties, or by
compulsion of law.

5. (Mus.) A score.

Partition of numbers (Math.), the resolution of integers into parts
subject to given conditions. Brande & C.

Par*ti"tion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Partitioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Partitioning.] 1. To divide into parts or shares; to divide and
distribute; as, to partition an estate among various heirs.

2. To divide into distinct parts by lines, walls, etc.; as, to
partition a house.

    Uniform without, though severally partitioned within.


Bacon.

Par*ti"tion*ment (?), n. The act of partitioning.

Par"ti*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. partitif.] (Gram.) Denoting a part; as, a
partitive genitive.

Par"ti*tive, n. (Gram.) A word expressing partition, or denoting a
part.

Par"ti*tive*ly, adv. In a partitive manner.

Part"let (?), n. [Dim. of part.] 1. A covering for the neck, and
sometimes for the shoulders and breast; originally worn by both sexes,
but laterby women alone; a ruff. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. A hen; -- so called from the ruffing of her neck feathers. "Dame
Partlett, the hen." Shak.

Part"ly, adv. In part; in some measure of degree; not wholly. "I partly
believe it." 1 Cor. xi. 18.

Part"ner (?), n. [For parcener, influenced by part.] 1. One who has a
part in anything with an other; a partaker; an associate; a sharer.
"Partner of his fortune." Shak. Hence: (a) A husband or a wife. (b)
Either one of a couple who dance together. (c) One who shares as a
member of a partnership in the management, or in the gains and losses,
of a business.

    My other self, the partner of my life.


Milton.

2. (Law) An associate in any business or occupation; a member of a
partnership. See Partnership.

3. pl. (Naut.) A framework of heavy timber surrounding an opening in a
deck, to strengthen it for the support of a mast, pump, capstan, or the
like.

Dormant, or Silent, partner. See under Dormant, a.

Syn. -- Associate; colleague; coadjutor; confederate; partaker;
participator; companion; comrade; mate.

Part"ner, v. t. To associate, to join. [Obs.] Shak.

Part"ner*ship, n. 1. The state or condition of being a partner; as, to
be in partnership with another; to have partnership in the fortunes of
a family or a state.

2. A division or sharing among partners; joint possession or interest.

    Rome, that ne'er knew three lordly heads before, First fell by
    fatal partnership of power.


Rowe.

    He does possession keep, And is too wise to hazard partnership.


Dryden.

3. An alliance or association of persons for the prosecution of an
undertaking or a business on joint account; a company; a firm; a house;
as, to form a partnership.

4. (Law) A contract between two or more competent persons for joining
together their money, goods, labor, and skill, or any or all of them,
under an understanding that there shall be a communion of profit
between them, and for the purpose of carrying on a legal trade,
business, or adventure. Kent. Story.

Community of profit is absolutely essential to, though not necessary
the test of, a partnership.

5. (Arith.) See Fellowship, n., 6.

Limited partnership, a form of partnership in which the firm consists
of one or more general partners, jointly and severally responsible as
ordinary partners, and one or more special partners, who are not liable
for the debts of the partnership beyond the amount of cash they
contribute as capital. -- Partnership in commendam, the title given to
the limited partnership (F. sociÈtÈ en commanditÈ) of the French law,
introduced into the code of Louisiana. Burrill. -- Silent partnership,
the relation of partnership sustained by a person who furnishes capital
only.

Par*took" (?), imp. of Partake.

Par"tridge (?), n. [OE. partriche, pertriche, OF. pertris, perdriz, F.
perdrix, L. perdix, -icis, fr. Gr. &?;.] (Zoˆl.) 1. Any one of numerous
species of small gallinaceous birds of the genus Perdix and several
related genera of the family PerdicidÊ, of the Old World. The partridge
is noted as a game bird.

    Full many a fat partrich had he in mew.


Chaucer.

The common European, or gray, partridge (Perdix cinerea) and the
red-legged partridge (Caccabis rubra) of Southern Europe and Asia are
well-known species.

2. Any one of several species of quail-like birds belonging to Colinus,
and allied genera. [U.S.]

Among them are the bobwhite (Colinus Virginianus) of the Eastern
States; the plumed, or mountain, partridge (Oreortyx pictus) of
California; the Massena partridge (Cyrtonyx MontezumÊ); and the
California partridge (Callipepla Californica).

3. The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus). [New Eng.]

Bamboo partridge (Zoˆl.), a spurred partridge of the genus Bambusicola.
Several species are found in China and the East Indies. -- Night
partridge (Zoˆl.), the woodcock. [Local, U.S.] -- Painted partridge
(Zoˆl.), a francolin of South Africa (Francolinus pictus). -- Partridge
berry. (Bot.) (a) The scarlet berry of a trailing american plant
(Mitchella repens) of the order RubiaceÊ, having roundish evergreen
leaves, and white fragrant flowers sometimes tinged with purple,
growing in pairs with the ovaries united, and producing the berries
which remain over winter; also, the plant itself. (b) The fruit of the
creeping wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens); also, the plant itself.
-- Partridge dove (Zoˆl.) Same as Mountain witch, under Mountain. --
Partridge pea (Bot.), a yellow-flowered leguminous herb (Cassia
ChamÊcrista), common in sandy fields in the Eastern United States. --
Partridge shell (Zoˆl.), a large marine univalve shell (Dolium perdix),
having colors variegated like those of the partridge. -- Partridge wood
(a) A variegated wood, much esteemed for cabinetwork. It is obtained
from tropical America, and one source of it is said to be the
leguminous tree Andira inermis. Called also pheasant wood. (b) A name
sometimes given to the dark-colored and striated wood of some kind of
palm, which is used for walking sticks and umbrella handles. -- Sea
partridge (Zoˆl.), an Asiatic sand partridge (Ammoperdix Bonhami); --
so called from its note. -- Snow partridge (Zoˆl.), a large spurred
partridge (Lerwa nivicola) which inhabits the high mountains of Asia.
-- Spruce partridge. See under Spruce. -- Wood partridge, or Hill
partridge (Zoˆl.), any small Asiatic partridge of the genus Arboricola.

Par"ture (?), n. Departure. [Obs.] Spenser.

Par*tu"ri*ate (?), v. i. [See Parturient.] To bring forth young. [Obs.]

Par*tu"ri*en*cy (?), n. Parturition.

Par*tu"ri*ent (?), a. [L. parturiens, p. pr. of parturire to desire to
bring forth, fr. parere, partum, to bring forth. See Parent.] Bringing
forth, or about to bring forth, young; fruitful. Jer. Tailor.

Par*tu`ri*fa"cient (?), n. [L. parturire to desire to bring forth +
facere to make.] (Med.) A medicine tending to cause parturition, or to
give relief in childbearing. Dunglison.

Par*tu"ri*ous (?), a. Parturient. [Obs.] Drayton.

Par`tu*ri"tion (?), n. [L. parturitio, fr. parturire: cf. F.
parturition. See Parturient.] 1. The act of bringing forth, or being
delivered of, young; the act of giving birth; delivery; childbirth.

2. That which is brought forth; a birth. [Obs.]

Par*tu"ri*tive (?), a. Pertaining to parturition; obstetric. [R.]

Par"ty (?), n.; pl. Parties (#). [F. parti and partie, fr. F. partir to
part, divide, L. partire, partiri. See Part, v.] 1. A part or portion.
[Obs.] "The most party of the time." Chaucer.

2. A number of persons united in opinion or action, as distinguished
from, or opposed to, the rest of a community or association; esp., one
of the parts into which a people is divided on questions of public
policy.

    Win the noble Brutus to our party.


Shak.

    The peace both parties want is like to last.


Dryden.

3. A part of a larger body of company; a detachment; especially (Mil.),
a small body of troops dispatched on special service.

4. A number of persons invited to a social entertainment; a select
company; as, a dinner party; also, the entertainment itself; as, to
give a party.

5. One concerned or interested in an affair; one who takes part with
others; a participator; as, he was a party to the plot; a party to the
contract.

6. The plaintiff or the defendant in a lawsuit, whether an individual,
a firm, or corporation; a litigant.

    The cause of both parties shall come before the judges.


Ex. xxii. 9.

7. Hence, any certain person who is regarded as being opposed or
antagonistic to another.

    It the jury found that the party slain was of English race, it had
    been adjudged felony.


Sir J. Davies.

8. Cause; side; interest.

    Have you nothing said Upon this Party 'gainst the Duke of Albany?


Shak.

9. A person; as, he is a queer party. [Now accounted a vulgarism.]

"For several generations, our ancestors largely employed party for
person; but this use of the word, when it appeared to be reviving,
happened to strike, more particularly, the fancy of the vulgar; and the
consequence has been, that the polite have chosen to leave it in their
undisputed possession." Fitzed. Hall.

Party jury (Law), a jury composed of different parties, as one which is
half natives and half foreigners. -- Party man, a partisan. Swift. --
Party spirit, a factious and unreasonable temper, not uncommonly shown
by party men. Whately. -- Party verdict, a joint verdict. Shak. --
Party wall. (a) (Arch.) A wall built upon the dividing line between two
adjoining properties, usually having half its thickness on each
property. (b) (Law) A wall that separates adjoining houses, as in a
block or row.

Par"ty, a. [F. parti divided, fr. partir to divide. See Part, v., and
cf. Partite.] 1. (Her.) Parted or divided, as in the direction or form
of one of the ordinaries; as, an escutcheon party per pale.

2. Partial; favoring one party.

    I will be true judge, and not party.


Chaucer.

Charter party. See under Charter.

Par"ty, adv. Partly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Par"ty-coat`ed (?), a. Having a motley coat, or coat of divers colors.
Shak.

{ Par"ty-col`ored, Par"ti-col`ored } (?), a. Colored with different
tints; variegated; as, a party-colored flower. "Parti-colored lambs."
Shak.

Par"ty*ism (?), n. Devotion to party.

Par`um*bil"ic*al (?), a. [Pref. para-  + umbilical.] (Anat.) Near the
umbilicus; -- applied especially to one or more small veins which, in
man, connect the portal vein with the epigastric veins in the front
wall of the abdomen.

||Pa*ru"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; presence, fr. &?; to be present;
||para` beside + &?; to be.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which the
||present tense is used instead of the past or the future, as in the
||animated narration of past, or in the prediction of future, events.

Par`va*nim"i*ty (?), n. [L. parvus little + animus mind.] The state or
quality of having a little or ignoble mind; pettiness; meanness; --
opposed to magnanimity. De Quincey.

Par"ve*nu` (?), n. [F., prop. p. p. of parvenir to attain to, to
succeed, to rise to high station, L. pervenire to come to; per through
+ venire to come. See Par, prep., and Come.] An upstart; a man newly
risen into notice.

{ Par"vis, Par"vise } (?), n. [F. parvis, fr. LL. paravisus, fr. L.
paradisus. See Paradise.] a court of entrance to, or an inclosed space
before, a church; hence, a church porch; -- sometimes formerly used as
place of meeting, as for lawyers. Chaucer.

{ Par"vi*tude (?), Par"vi*ty (?), } n. [L. parvitas, fr. parvus little:
cf. OF. parvitÈ.] Littleness. [Obs.] Glanvill. Ray.

Par"vo*lin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A nonoxygenous ptomaine, formed in
the putrefaction of albuminous matters, especially of horseflesh and
mackerel.

Par"vo*line (?), n. (Chem.) A liquid base, C&?;H&?;N, of the pyridine
group, found in coal tar; also, any one of the series of isometric
substances of which it is the type.

||Pas (?), n. [F. See Pace.] 1. A pace; a step, as in a dance. Chaucer.

2. Right of going foremost; precedence. Arbuthnot.

Pa"san (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The gemsbok.

{ Pasch (?), ||Pas"cha (?), } n. [AS. pascha, L. pascha, Gr. &?;, fr.
Heb. pesach, fr. psach to pass over: cf. OF. pasque, F. p‚que. Cf.
Paschal, Paas, Paque.] The passover; the feast of Easter.

Pasch egg. See Easter egg, under Easter. -- Pasch flower. See Pasque
flower, under Pasque.

Pas"chal (?), a. [L. paschalis: cf. F. pascal. See Pasch.] Of or
pertaining to the passover, or to Easter; as, a paschal lamb; paschal
eggs. Longfellow.

Paschal candle (R. C. Ch.), a large wax candle, blessed and placed on
the altar on Holy Saturday, or the day before Easter. -- Paschal
flower. See Pasque flower, under Pasque.

<! p. 1048 !>

Pa*seng" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The wild or bezoar goat. See Goat.

Pash (?), v. t. [Prob. of imitative origin, or possibly akin to box to
fight with the fists.] To strike; to crush; to smash; to dash in
pieces. [Obs.] P. Plowman. "I'll pash him o'er the face." Shak.

Pash, n. [Scot., the pate. Cf. Pash, v. t.] 1. The head; the poll. [R.]
"A rough pash." Shak.

2. A crushing blow. [Obs.]

3. A heavy fall of rain or snow. [Prov. Eng.]

Pa*sha" (?), n. [Turk. psh, bsh; cf. Per. bsh, bdshh; perh. a
corruption of Per. pdishh. Cf. Bashaw, Padishah, Shah.] An honorary
title given to officers of high rank in Turkey, as to governers of
provinces, military commanders, etc. The earlier form was bashaw.
[Written also pacha.]

There are three classes of pashas, whose rank is distinguished by the
number of the horsetails borne on their standards, being one, two, or
three, a pasha of three tails being the highest.

Pa*sha"lic (?), n. [Written also pachalic.] [Turk.] The jurisdiction of
a pasha.

Pa*shaw" (?), n. See Pasha.

{ Pas`i*graph"ic (?), Pas`i*graph"ic*al (?) } a. Of or pertaining to
pasigraphy.

Pa*sig"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; for all (dat. pl. of &?; all) +
-graphy.] A system of universal writing, or a manner of writing that
may be understood and used by all nations. Good.

Pas"i*la`ly (?), n. [Gr. &?; for all (dat. pl. of &?; all) + &?;
talking.] A form of speech adapted to be used by all mankind; universal
language.

Pask (?), n. [See Pasque.] See Pasch.

Pas"py (?), n. [F. passe-pied.] A kind of minuet, in triple time, of
French origin, popular in the reign of Queen Elizabeth and for some
time after; -- called also passing measure, and passymeasure. Percy
Smith.

Pasque (?), n. [OF. pasque.] See Pasch.

Pasque flower (Bot.), a name of several plants of the genus Anemone,
section Pulsatilla. They are perennial herbs with rather large purplish
blossoms, which appear in early spring, or about Easter, whence the
common name. Called also campana.

Pas"quil (?), n. [It. pasquillo.] See Pasquin. [R.]

Pas"quil, v. t. [R.] See Pasquin.

Pas"quil*ant (?), n. A lampooner; a pasquiler. [R.] Coleridge.

Pas"quil*er (?), n. A lampooner. [R.] Burton.

Pas"quin (?), n. [It. pasquino a mutilated statue at Rome, set up
against the wall of the place of the Orsini; -- so called from a witty
cobbler or tailor, near whose shop the statue was dug up. On this
statue it was customary to paste satiric papers.] A lampooner; also, a
lampoon. See Pasquinade.

    The Grecian wits, who satire first began, Were pleasant pasquins on
    the life of man.


Dryden.

Pas"quin, v. t. To lampoon; to satiraze. [R.]

    To see himself pasquined and affronted.


Dryden.

Pas`quin*ade" (?), n. [F. pasquinade, It. pasquinata.] A lampoon or
satirical writing. Macaulay.

Pas`quin*ade", v. t. To lampoon, to satirize.

Pass (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Passed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Passing.] [F.
passer, LL. passare, fr. L. passus step, or from pandere, passum, to
spread out, lay open. See Pace.] 1. To go; to move; to proceed; to be
moved or transferred from one point to another; to make a transit; --
usually with a following adverb or adverbal phrase defining the kind or
manner of motion; as, to pass on, by, out, in, etc.; to pass swiftly,
directly, smoothly, etc.; to pass to the rear, under the yoke, over the
bridge, across the field, beyond the border, etc. "But now pass over
[i. e., pass on]." Chaucer.

    On high behests his angels to and fro Passed frequent.


Milton.

    Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths, And from their
    bodies passed.


Coleridge.

2. To move or be transferred from one state or condition to another; to
change possession, condition, or circumstances; to undergo transition;
as, the business has passed into other hands.

    Others, dissatisfied with what they have, . . . pass from just to
    unjust.


Sir W. Temple.

3. To move beyond the range of the senses or of knowledge; to pass
away; hence, to disappear; to vanish; to depart; specifically, to
depart from life; to die.

    Disturb him not, let him pass paceably.


Shak.

    Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will pass.


Dryden.

    The passing of the sweetest soul That ever looked with human eyes.


Tennyson.

4. To move or to come into being or under notice; to come and go in
consciousness; hence, to take place; to occur; to happen; to come; to
occur progressively or in succession; to be present transitorily.

    So death passed upon all men.


Rom. v. 12.

    Our own consciousness of what passes within our own mind.


I. Watts.

5. To go by or glide by, as time; to elapse; to be spent; as, their
vacation passed pleasantly.

    Now the time is far passed.


Mark vi. 35

6. To go from one person to another; hence, to be given and taken
freely; as, clipped coin will not pass; to obtain general acceptance;
to be held or regarded; to circulate; to be current; -- followed by for
before a word denoting value or estimation. "Let him pass for a man."
Shak.

    False eloquence passeth only where true is not understood.


Felton.

    This will not pass for a fault in him.


Atterbury.

7. To advance through all the steps or stages necessary to validity or
effectiveness; to be carried through a body that has power to sanction
or reject; to receive legislative sanction; to be enacted; as, the
resolution passed; the bill passed both houses of Congress.

8. To go through any inspection or test successfully; to be approved or
accepted; as, he attempted the examination, but did not expect to pass.

9. To be suffered to go on; to be tolerated; hence, to continue; to
live along. "The play may pass." Shak.

10. To go unheeded or neglected; to proceed without hindrance or
opposition; as, we let this act pass.

11. To go beyond bounds; to surpass; to be in excess. [Obs.] "This
passes, Master Ford." Shak.

12. To take heed; to care. [Obs.]

    As for these silken-coated slaves, I pass not.


Shak.

13. To go through the intestines. Arbuthnot.

14. (Law) To be conveyed or transferred by will, deed, or other
instrument of conveyance; as, an estate passes by a certain clause in a
deed. Mozley & W.

15. (Fencing) To make a lunge or pass; to thrust.

16. (Card Playing & other games) To decline to take an optional action
when it is one's turn, as to decline to bid, or to bet, or to play a
card; in euchre, to decline to make the trump.

    She would not play, yet must not pass.


Prior.

17. In football, hockey, etc., to make a pass; to transfer the ball,
etc., to another player of one's own side. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

To bring to pass, To come to pass. See under Bring, and Come. -- To
pass away, to disappear; to die; to vanish. "The heavens shall pass
away." 2 Pet. iii. 10. "I thought to pass away before, but yet alive I
am." Tennyson. -- To pass by, to go near and beyond a certain person or
place; as, he passed by as we stood there. -- To pass into, to change
by a gradual transmission; to blend or unite with. -- To pass on, to
proceed. -- To pass on or upon. (a) To happen to; to come upon; to
affect. "So death passed upon all men." Rom. v. 12. "Provided no
indirect act pass upon our prayers to define them." Jer. Taylor. (b) To
determine concerning; to give judgment or sentence upon. "We may not
pass upon his life." Shak. -- To pass off, to go away; to cease; to
disappear; as, an agitation passes off. -- To pass over, to go from one
side or end to the other; to cross, as a river, road, or bridge.

Pass (?), v. t. 1. In simple, transitive senses; as: (a) To go by,
beyond, over, through, or the like; to proceed from one side to the
other of; as, to pass a house, a stream, a boundary, etc. (b) Hence: To
go from one limit to the other of; to spend; to live through; to have
experience of; to undergo; to suffer. "To pass commodiously this life."
Milton.

    She loved me for the dangers I had passed.


Shak.

(c) To go by without noticing; to omit attention to; to take no note
of; to disregard.

    Please you that I may pass This doing.


Shak.

    I pass their warlike pomp, their proud array.


Dryden.

(d) To transcend; to surpass; to excel; to exceed.

    And strive to pass . . . Their native music by her skillful art.


Spenser.

    Whose tender power Passes the strength of storms in their most
    desolate hour.


Byron.

(e) To go successfully through, as an examination, trail, test, etc.;
to obtain the formal sanction of, as a legislative body; as, he passed
his examination; the bill passed the senate.

2. In causative senses: as: (a) To cause to move or go; to send; to
transfer from one person, place, or condition to another; to transmit;
to deliver; to hand; to make over; as, the waiter passed bisquit and
cheese; the torch was passed from hand to hand.

    I had only time to pass my eye over the medals.


Addison.

    Waller passed over five thousand horse and foot by Newbridge.


Clarendon.

(b) To cause to pass the lips; to utter; to pronounce; hence, to
promise; to pledge; as, to pass sentence. Shak.

    Father, thy word is passed.


Milton.

(c) To cause to advance by stages of progress; to carry on with success
through an ordeal, examination, or action; specifically, to give legal
or official sanction to; to ratify; to enact; to approve as valid and
just; as, he passed the bill through the committee; the senate passed
the law. (e) To put in circulation; to give currency to; as, to pass
counterfeit money. "Pass the happy news." Tennyson. (f) To cause to
obtain entrance, admission, or conveyance; as, to pass a person into a
theater, or over a railroad.

3. To emit from the bowels; to evacuate.

4. (Naut.) To take a turn with (a line, gasket, etc.), as around a sail
in furling, and make secure.

5. (Fencing) To make, as a thrust, punto, etc. Shak.

Passed midshipman. See under Midshipman. -- To pass a dividend, to omit
the declaration and payment of a dividend at the time when due. -- To
pass away, to spend; to waste. "Lest she pass away the flower of her
age." Ecclus. xlii. 9. -- To pass by. (a) To disregard; to neglect. (b)
To excuse; to spare; to overlook. -- To pass off, to impose
fraudulently; to palm off. "Passed himself off as a bishop." Macaulay.
-- To pass (something) on or upon (some one), to put upon as a trick or
cheat; to palm off. "She passed the child on her husband for a boy."
Dryden. -- To pass over, to overlook; not to note or resent; as, to
pass over an affront.

Pass, n. [Cf. F. pas (for sense 1), and passe, fr. passer to pass. See
Pass, v. i.] 1. An opening, road, or track, available for passing;
especially, one through or over some dangerous or otherwise
impracticable barrier; a passageway; a defile; a ford; as, a mountain
pass.

    "Try not the pass!" the old man said.


Longfellow.

2. (Fencing) A thrust or push; an attempt to stab or strike an
adversary. Shak.

3. A movement of the hand over or along anything; the manipulation of a
mesmerist.

4. (Rolling Metals) A single passage of a bar, rail, sheet, etc.,
between the rolls.

5. State of things; condition; predicament.

    Have his daughters brought him to this pass.


Shak.

    Matters have been brought to this pass.


South.

6. Permission or license to pass, or to go and come; a psssport; a
ticket permitting free transit or admission; as, a railroad or theater
pass; a military pass.

    A ship sailing under the flag and pass of an enemy.


Kent.

7. Fig.: a thrust; a sally of wit. Shak.

8. Estimation; character. [Obs.]

    Common speech gives him a worthy pass.


Shak.

9. [Cf. Passus.] A part; a division. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pass boat (Naut.), a punt, or similar boat. -- Pass book. (a) A book in
which a trader enters articles bought on credit, and then passes or
sends it to the purchaser. (b) See Bank book. -- Pass box (Mil.), a
wooden or metallic box, used to carry cartridges from the service
magazine to the piece. -- Pass check, a ticket of admission to a place
of entertainment, or of readmission for one who goes away in
expectation of returning.

Pass"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. passable.] 1. Capable of being passed,
traveled, navigated, traversed, penetrated, or the like; as, the roads
are not passable; the stream is passablein boats.

    His body's a passable carcass if it be not hurt; it is a
    throughfare for steel.


Shak.

2. Capable of being freely circulated or disseminated; acceptable;
generally receivable; current.

    With men as with false money -- one piece is more or less passable
    than another.


L'Estrange.

    Could they have made this slander passable.


Collier.

3. Such as may be allowed to pass without serious objection; tolerable;
admissable; moderate; mediocre.

    My version will appear a passable beauty when the original muse is
    absent.


Dryden.

Pass"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being passable.

Pass"a*bly, adv. Tolerably; moderately.

{ ||Pas`sa*ca*glia (?), ||Pas`sa*ca*glio (?), } n. [Sp. pasacalle a
certain tune on the guitar, prop., a tune played in passing through the
streets.] (Mus.) An old Italian or Spanish dance tune, in slow
three-four measure, with divisions on a ground bass, resembling a
chaconne.

{ Pas*sade" (?), Pas*sa"do (?), } n. [F. passade; cf. Sp. pasada. See
Pass, v. i.] 1. (Fencing) A pass or thrust. Shak.

2. (Man.) A turn or course of a horse backward or forward on the same
spot of ground.

Pas"sage (?), n. [F. passage. See Pass, v. i.] 1. The act of passing;
transit from one place to another; movement from point to point; a
going by, over, across, or through; as, the passage of a man or a
carriage; the passage of a ship or a bird; the passage of light; the
passage of fluids through the pores or channels of the body.

    What! are my doors opposed against my passage!


Shak.

2. Transit by means of conveyance; journey, as by water, carriage, car,
or the like; travel; right, liberty, or means, of passing; conveyance.

    The ship in which he had taken passage.


Macaulay.

3. Price paid for the liberty to pass; fare; as, to pay one's passage.

4. Removal from life; decease; departure; death. [R.] "Endure thy
mortal passage." Milton.

    When he is fit and season'd for his passage.


Shak.

5. Way; road; path; channel or course through or by which one passes;
way of exit or entrance; way of access or transit. Hence, a common
avenue to various apartments in a building; a hall; a corridor.

    And with his pointed dart Explores the nearest passage to his
    heart.


Dryden.

    The Persian army had advanced into the . . . passages of Cilicia.


South.

6. A continuous course, process, or progress; a connected or continuous
series; as, the passage of time.

    The conduct and passage of affairs.


Sir J. Davies.

    The passage and whole carriage of this action.


Shak.

7. A separate part of a course, process, or series; an occurrence; an
incident; an act or deed. "In thy passages of life." Shak.

    The . . . almost incredible passage of their unbelief.


South.

8. A particular portion constituting a part of something continuous;
esp., a portion of a book, speech, or musical composition; a paragraph;
a clause.

    How commentators each dark passage shun.


Young.

9. Reception; currency. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

10. A pass or en encounter; as, a passage at arms.

    No passages of love Betwixt us twain henceforward evermore.


Tennyson.

11. A movement or an evacuation of the bowels.

12. In parliamentary proceedings: (a) The course of a proposition
(bill, resolution, etc.) through the several stages of consideration
and action; as, during its passage through Congress the bill was
amended in both Houses. (b) The advancement of a bill or other
proposition from one stage to another by an affirmative vote; esp., the
final affirmative action of the body upon a proposition; hence,
adoption; enactment; as, the passage of the bill to its third reading
was delayed. "The passage of the Stamp Act." D. Hosack.

    The final question was then put upon its passage.


Cushing.

In passage, in passing; cursorily. "These . . . have been studied but
in passage." Bacon. - - Middle passage, Northeast passage, Northwest
passage. See under Middle, Northeast, etc. -- Of passage, passing from
one place, region, or climate, to another; migratory; -- said
especially of birds. "Birds of passage." Longfellow. -- Passage hawk, a
hawk taken on its passage or migration. -- Passage money, money paid
for conveyance of a passenger, -- usually for carrying passengers by
water.

<! p. 1049 !>

Syn. -- Vestibule; hall; corridor. See Vestibule.

Pas"sa*ger (?), n. [See Passenger.] A passenger; a bird or boat of
passage. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

Pas"sage*way` (?), n. A way for passage; a hall. See Passage, 5.

Pas"sant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of passer. See Pass, v. i.] 1. Passing
from one to another; in circulation; current. [Obs.]

    Many opinions are passant.


Sir T. Browne.

2. Curs&?;ry, careless. [Obs.]

    On a passant rewiew of what I wrote to the bishop.


Sir P. Pett.

3. Surpassing; excelling. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. (Her.) Walking; -- said of any animal on an escutcheon, which is
represented as walking with the dexter paw raised.

{ ||Pas`sÈ", masc. ||Pas`sÈ"e, fem. } (?), a. [F.] Past; gone by;
hence, past one's prime; worn; faded; as, a passÈe belle. Ld. Lytton.

Passe"garde` (?), n. [F.] (Anc. Armor) A ridge or projecting edge on a
shoulder piece to turn the blow of a lance or other weapon from the
joint of the armor.

Passe"ment (?), n. [F.] Lace, gimp, braid etc., sewed on a garment. Sir
W. Scott.

Passe*men"terie (E. ps*mn"tr; F. p‰`s'm‰N`t'r"), n. [F.] Beaded
embroidery for women's dresses.

Pas"sen*ger (?), n. [OE. & F. passager. See Passage, and cf.
Messenger.] 1. A passer or passer-by; a wayfarer. Shak.

2. A traveler by some established conveyance, as a coach, steamboat,
railroad train, etc.

Passenger falcon (Zoˆl.), a migratory hawk. Ainsworth. -- Passenger
pigeon (Zoˆl.), the common wild pigeon of North America (Ectopistes
migratorius), so called on account of its extensive migrations.

||Passe" par`tout" (?), n. [F., from passer to pass + partout
||everywhere.] 1. That by which one can pass anywhere; a safe-conduct.
||[Obs.] Dryden.

2. A master key; a latchkey.

3. A light picture frame or mat of cardboard, wood, or the like,
usually put between the picture and the glass, and sometimes serving
for several pictures.

Pass"er (?), n. One who passes; a passenger.

Pass`er-by" (?), n. One who goes by; a passer.

||Pas"se*res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. passer a sparrow.] (Zoˆl.) An
||order, or suborder, of birds, including more that half of all the
||known species. It embraces all singing birds (Oscines), together with
||many other small perching birds.

Pas*ser"i*form (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Like or belonging to the Passeres.

Pas"ser*ine (?), a. [L. passerinus, fr. passer a sparrow.] (Zoˆl.) Of
or pertaining to the Passeres.

    The columbine, gallinaceous, and passerine tribes people the fruit
    trees.


Sydney Smith.

Pas"ser*ine, n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Passeres.

Pas`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. passibilitas: cf. F. passibilitÈ.] The
quality or state of being passible; aptness to feel or suffer;
sensibility. Hakewill.

Pas"si*ble (?), a. [L. passibilis, fr. pati, to suffer: cf. F.
passible. See Passion.] Susceptible of feeling or suffering, or of
impressions from external agents.

    Apolinarius, which held even deity itself passible.


Hooker.

Pas"si*ble*ness, n. Passibility. Brerewood.

||Pas"si*flo"ra (?), n. [NL., from L. passio passion (fr. pati, passus,
||to suffer) + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) A genus of plants,
||including the passion flower. It is the type of the order
||PassifloreÊ, which includes about nineteen genera and two hundred and
||fifty species.

||Pas"sim (?), adv. [L.] Here and there; everywhere; as, this word
||occurs passim in the poem.

Pass"ing (?), n. The act of one who, or that which, passes; the act of
going by or away.

Passing bell, a tolling of a bell to announce that a soul is passing,
or has passed, from its body (formerly done to invoke prayers for the
dying); also, a tolling during the passing of a funeral procession to
the grave, or during funeral ceremonies. Sir W. Scott. Longfellow.

Pass"ing, a. 1. Relating to the act of passing or going; going by,
beyond, through, or away; departing.

2. Exceeding; surpassing, eminent. Chaucer. "Her passing deformity."
Shak.

Passing note (Mus.), a character including a passing tone. -- Passing
tone (Mus.), a tone introduced between two other tones, on an
unaccented portion of a measure, for the sake of smoother melody, but
forming no essential part of the harmony.

Pass"ing, adv. Exceedingly; excessively; surpassingly; as, passing
fair; passing strange. "You apprehend passing shrewdly." Shak.

Pass"ing*ly, adv. Exceedingly. Wyclif.

Pas"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. passio, fr. pati, passus, to suffer. See
Patient.] 1. A suffering or enduring of imposed or inflicted pain; any
suffering or distress (as, a cardiac passion); specifically, the
suffering of Christ between the time of the last supper and his death,
esp. in the garden upon the cross. "The passions of this time." Wyclif
(Rom. viii. 18).

    To whom also he showed himself alive after his passion, by many
    infallible proofs.


Acts i. 3.

2. The state of being acted upon; subjection to an external agent or
influence; a passive condition; -- opposed to action.

    A body at rest affords us no idea of any active power to move, and,
    when set is motion, it is rather a passion than an action in it.


Locke.

3. Capacity of being affected by external agents; susceptibility of
impressions from external agents. [R.]

    Moldable and not moldable, scissible and not scissible, and many
    other passions of matter.


Bacon.

4. The state of the mind when it is powerfully acted upon and
influenced by something external to itself; the state of any particular
faculty which, under such conditions, becomes extremely sensitive or
uncontrollably excited; any emotion or sentiment (specifically, love or
anger) in a state of abnormal or controlling activity; an extreme or
inordinate desire; also, the capacity or susceptibility of being so
affected; as, to be in a passion; the passions of love, hate,
jealously, wrath, ambition, avarice, fear, etc.; a passion for war, or
for drink; an orator should have passion as well as rhetorical skill.
"A passion fond even to idolatry." Macaulay. "Her passion is to seek
roses." Lady M. W. Montagu.

    We also are men of like passions with you.


Acts xiv. 15.

    The nature of the human mind can not be sufficiently understood,
    without considering the affections and passions, or those
    modifications or actions of the mind consequent upon the
    apprehension of certain objects or events in which the mind
    generally conceives good or evil.


Hutcheson.

    The term passion, and its adverb passionately, often express a very
    strong predilection for any pursuit, or object of taste -- a kind
    of enthusiastic fondness for anything.


Cogan.

    The bravery of his grief did put me Into a towering passion.


Shak.

    The ruling passion, be it what it will, The ruling passion conquers
    reason still.


Pope.

    Who walked in every path of human life, Felt every passion.


Akenside.

    When statesmen are ruled by faction and interest, they can have no
    passion for the glory of their country.


Addison.

5. Disorder of the mind; madness. [Obs.] Shak.

6. Passion week. See Passion week, below. R. of Gl.

Passion flower (Bot.), any flower or plant of the genus Passiflora; --
so named from a fancied resemblance of parts of the flower to the
instruments of our Savior's crucifixion.

The flowers are showy, and the fruit is sometimes highly esteemed (see
Granadilla, and Maypop). The roots and leaves are generally more or
less noxious, and are used in medicine. The plants are mostly tendril
climbers, and are commonest in the warmer parts of America, though a
few species are Asiatic or Australian.

Passion music (Mus.), originally, music set to the gospel narrative of
the passion of our Lord; after the Reformation, a kind of oratorio,
with narrative, chorals, airs, and choruses, having for its theme the
passion and crucifixion of Christ. -- Passion play, a mystery play, in
which the scenes connected with the passion of our Savior are
represented dramatically. -- Passion Sunday (Eccl.), the fifth Sunday
in Lent, or the second before Easter. -- Passion Week, the last week
but one in Lent, or the second week preceding Easter. "The name of
Passion week is frequently, but improperly, applied to Holy Week."
Shipley.

Syn. -- Passion, Feeling, Emotion. When any feeling or emotion
completely masters the mind, we call it a passion; as, a passion for
music, dress, etc.; especially is anger (when thus extreme) called
passion. The mind, in such cases, is considered as having lost its
self- control, and become the passive instrument of the feeling in
question.

Pas"sion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Passioned (?); p. pr & vb. n.
Passioning.] To give a passionate character to. [R.] Keats.

Pas"sion, v. i. To suffer pain or sorrow; to experience a passion; to
be extremely agitated. [Obs.] "Dumbly she passions, frantically she
doteth." Shak.

Pas"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to passion or the passions;
exciting, influenced by, or ministering to, the passions. -- n. A
passionary.

Pas"sion*a*ry (?), n. [L. passionarius: cf. F. passionaire.] A book in
which are described the sufferings of saints and martyrs. T. Warton.

Pas"sion*ate (?), a. [LL. passionatus: cf. F. passionnÈ.] 1. Capable or
susceptible of passion, or of different passions; easily moved, excited
or agitated; specifically, easily moved to anger; irascible;
quick-tempered; as, a passionate nature.

    Homer's Achilles is haughty and passionate.


Prior.

2. Characterized by passion; expressing passion; ardent in feeling or
desire; vehement; warm; as, a passionate friendship. "The passionate
Pilgrim." Shak.

3. Suffering; sorrowful. [Obs.] Shak.

Pas"sion*ate (?), v. i. 1. To affect with passion; to impassion. [Obs.]

    Great pleasure, mixed with pitiful regard, The godly kind and queen
    did passionate.


Spenser.

2. To express feelingly or sorrowfully. [Obs.] Shak.

Pas"sion*ate*ly (?), adv. 1. In a passionate manner; with strong
feeling; ardently.

    Sorrow expresses itself . . . loudly and passionately.


South.

2. Angrily; irascibly. Locke.

Pas"sion*ate*ness, n. The state or quality of being passionate.

Pas"sion*ist, n. (R. C. Ch.) A member of a religious order founded in
Italy in 1737, and introduced into the United States in 1852. The
members of the order unite the austerities of the Trappists with the
activity and zeal of the Jesuits and Lazarists. Called also Barefooted
Clerks of the Most Holy Cross.

Pas"sion*less (?), a. Void of passion; without anger or emotion; not
easily excited; calm. "Self-contained and passionless." Tennyson.

Pas"sion*tide` (?), n. [Passion + tide time.] The last fortnight of
Lent.

Pas"sive (?), a. [L. passivus: cf. F. passif. See Passion.] 1. Not
active, but acted upon; suffering or receiving impressions or
influences; as, they were passive spectators, not actors in the scene.

    The passive air Upbore their nimble tread.


Milton.

    The mind is wholly passive in the reception of all its simple
    ideas.


Locke.

2. Receiving or enduring without either active sympathy or active
resistance; without emotion or excitement; patient; not opposing;
unresisting; as, passive obedience; passive submission.

    The best virtue, passive fortitude.


Massinger.

3. (Chem.) Inactive; inert; not showing strong affinity; as, red
phosphorus is comparatively passive.

4. (Med.) Designating certain morbid conditions, as hemorrhage or
dropsy, characterized by relaxation of the vessels and tissues, with
deficient vitality and lack of reaction in the affected tissues.

Passive congestion (Med.), congestion due to obstruction to the return
of the blood from the affected part. -- Passive iron (Chem.), iron
which has been subjected to the action of heat, of strong nitric acid,
chlorine, etc. It is then not easily acted upon by acids. -- Passive
movement (Med.), a movement of a part, in order to exercise it, made
without the assistance of the muscles which ordinarily move the part.
-- Passive obedience (as used by writers on government), obedience or
submission of the subject or citizen as a duty in all cases to the
existing government. -- Passive prayer, among mystic divines, a
suspension of the activity of the soul or intellectual faculties, the
soul remaining quiet, and yielding only to the impulses of grace. --
Passive verb, or Passive voice (Gram.), a verb, or form of a verb,
which expresses the effect of the action of some agent; as, in Latin,
doceor, I am taught; in English, she is loved; the picture is admired
by all; he is assailed by slander.

Syn. -- Inactive; inert; quiescent; unresisting; unopposing; suffering;
enduring; submissive; patient.

Pas"sive*ly, adv. 1. In a passive manner; inertly; unresistingly.

2. As a passive verb; in the passive voice.

Pas"sive*ness, n. The quality or state of being passive; unresisting
submission.

    To be an effect implies passiveness, or the being subject to the
    power and action of its cause.


J. Edwards.

Pas*siv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. passivitÈ.] 1. Passiveness; -- opposed to
activity. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Physics) The tendency of a body to remain in a given state, either
of motion or rest, till disturbed by another body; inertia. Cheyne.

3. (Chem.) The quality or condition of any substance which has no
inclination to chemical activity; inactivity.

Pass"-key` (?), n. A key for opening more locks than one; a master key.

Pass"less, a. Having no pass; impassable. Cowley.

Pass"man (?), n.; pl. Passmen (&?;). One who passes for a degree,
without honors. See Classman, 2. [Eng. Univ.]

Pass"o`ver (?), n. [Pass + over. See Pasch.] (Jewish Antiq.) (a) A
feast of the Jews, instituted to commemorate the sparing of the Hebrews
in Egypt, when God, smiting the firstborn of the Egyptians, passed over
the houses of the Israelites which were marked with the blood of a
lamb. (b) The sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover; the
paschal lamb. Ex. xii.

Pass`-pa*role" (?), n. [F. passe- parole.] (Mil.) An order passed from
front to rear by word of mouth.

Pass"port (&?;), n. [F. passeport, orig., a permission to leave a port
or to sail into it; passer to pass + port a port, harbor. See Pass, and
Port a harbor.] 1. Permission to pass; a document given by the
competent officer of a state, permitting the person therein named to
pass or travel from place to place, without molestation, by land or by
water.

    Caution in granting passports to Ireland.


Clarendon.

2. A document carried by neutral merchant vessels in time of war, to
certify their nationality and protect them from belligerents; a sea
letter.

3. A license granted in time of war for the removal of persons and
effects from a hostile country; a safe- conduct. Burrill.

4. Figuratively: Anything which secures advancement and general
acceptance. Sir P. Sidney.

    His passport is his innocence and grace.


Dryden.

||Pas"sus (?), n.; pl. L. Passus, E. Passuses (&?;). [L., a step, a
||pace. See Pace.] A division or part; a canto; as, the passus of Piers
||Plowman. See 2d Fit.

Pass"word` (?), n. A word to be given before a person is allowed to
pass; a watchword; a countersign. Macaulay.

Pas"sy*meas`ure (?), n. [Corrupted fr. It. passamezzo.] [Obs.] See
Paspy. Shak.

Past (?), a. [From Pass, v.] Of or pertaining to a former time or
state; neither present nor future; gone by; elapsed; ended; spent; as,
past troubles; past offences. "Past ages." Milton.

Past master. See under Master.

Past, n. A former time or state; a state of things gone by. "The past,
at least, is secure." D. Webster.

    The present is only intelligible in the light of the past, often a
    very remote past indeed.


Trench.

Past, prep. 1. Beyond, in position, or degree; further than; beyond the
reach or influence of. "Who being past feeling." Eph. iv. 19. "Galled
past endurance." Macaulay.

    Until we be past thy borders.


Num. xxi. 22.

    Love, when once past government, is consequently past shame.


L'Estrange.

<! p. 1050 !>

2. Beyond, in time; after; as, past the hour.

    Is it not past two o'clock?


Shak.

3. Above; exceeding; more than. [R.]

    Not past three quarters of a mile.


Shak.

    Bows not past three quarters of a yard long.


Spenser.

Past (?), adv. By; beyond; as, he ran past.

    The alarum of drums swept past.


Longfellow.

Paste (?), n. [OF. paste, F. p‚te, L. pasta, fr. Gr. &?; barley broth;
cf. &?; barley porridge, &?; sprinkled with salt, &?; to sprinkle. Cf.
Pasty, n., Patty.] 1. A soft composition, as of flour moistened with
water or milk, or of earth moistened to the consistence of dough, as in
making potter's ware.

2. Specifically, in cookery, a dough prepared for the crust of pies and
the like; pastry dough.

3. A kind of cement made of flour and water, starch and water, or the
like, -- used for uniting paper or other substances, as in bookbinding,
etc., -- also used in calico printing as a vehicle for mordant or
color.

4. A highly refractive vitreous composition, variously colored, used in
making imitations of precious stones or gems. See Strass.

5. A soft confection made of the inspissated juice of fruit, licorice,
or the like, with sugar, etc.

6. (Min.) The mineral substance in which other minerals are imbedded.

Paste eel (Zoˆl.), the vinegar eel. See under Vinegar.

Paste, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pasting.] To unite
with paste; to fasten or join by means of paste.

Paste"board` (?), n. 1. A stiff thick kind of paper board, formed of
several single sheets pasted one upon another, or of paper macerated
and pressed into molds, etc.

2. (Cookery) A board on which pastry dough is rolled; a molding board.

Pas"tel (?), n. [F.; cf. It. pastello. Cf. Pastil.] 1. A crayon made of
a paste composed of a color ground with gum water. [Sometimes
incorrectly written pastil.] "Charming heads in pastel." W. Black.

2. (Bot.) A plant affording a blue dye; the woad (Isatis tinctoria);
also, the dye itself.

Past"er (?), n. 1. One who pastes; as, a paster in a government
department.

2. A slip of paper, usually bearing a name, intended to be pasted by
the voter, as a substitute, over another name on a printed ballot.
[Cant, U.S.]

Pas"tern (?), n. [Of. pasturon, F. p‚turon, fr. OF. pasture a tether,
for beasts while pasturing; prop., a pasturing. See Pasture.] 1. The
part of the foot of the horse, and allied animals, between the fetlock
and the coffin joint. See Illust. of Horse.

The upper bone, or phalanx, of the foot is called the great pastern
bone; the second, the small pastern bone; and the third, in the hoof,
the coffin bone.

Pastern joint, the joint in the hoof of the horse, and allied animals,
between the great and small pastern bones.

2. A shackle for horses while pasturing. Knight.

3. A patten. [Obs.] Dryden.

Pas*teur"ism (?), n. [Fr. Pasteur, a French scientist.] 1. A method of
treatment, devised by Pasteur, for preventing certain diseases, as
hydrophobia, by successive inoculations with an attenuated virus of
gradually increasing strength.

2. Pasteurization.

Pas*teur`i*za"tion (?), n. A process devised by Pasteur for preventing
or checking fermentation in fluids, such as wines, milk, etc., by
exposure to a temperature of 140∞ F., thus destroying the vitality of
the contained germs or ferments.

Pas*teur"ize (?), v. t. 1. To subject to pasteurization.

2. To treat by pasteurism.

||Pas*tic"ci*o (?), n. [It., fr. pasta. See Paste.] 1. A medley; an
||olio. [R.] H. Swinburne.

2. (Fine Arts) (a) A work of art imitating directly the work of another
artist, or of more artists than one. (b) A falsified work of art, as a
vase or statue made up of parts of original works, with missing parts
supplied.

{ Pas"til (?), Pas*tille" (?), } n. [F. pastille, L. pastillusa pastus
food. See Pasture, and cf. Pastel.] 1. (Pharmacy) A small cone or mass
made of paste of gum, benzoin, cinnamon, and other aromatics, -- used
for fumigating or scenting the air of a room.

2. An aromatic or medicated lozenge; a troche.

3. See Pastel, a crayon.

Pas"time` (?), n. [Pass + time: cf. F. passetemps.] That which amuses,
and serves to make time pass agreeably; sport; amusement; diversion.

Pas"time`, v. i. To sport; to amuse one's self. [R.]

Pas"tor (?), n. [L., fr. pascere, pastum, to pasture, to feed. Cf.
Pabulum, Pasture, Food.] 1. A shepherd; one who has the care of flocks
and herds.

2. A guardian; a keeper; specifically (Eccl.), a minister having the
charge of a church and parish.

3. (Zoˆl.) A species of starling (Pastor roseus), native of the plains
of Western Asia and Eastern Europe. Its head is crested and glossy
greenish black, and its back is rosy. It feeds largely upon locusts.

Pas"tor*age (?), n. The office, jurisdiction, or duty, of a pastor;
pastorate.

Pas"tor*al (?), a. [L. pastoralis: cf. F. pastoral. See Pastor.] 1. Of
or pertaining to shepherds; hence, relating to rural life and scenes;
as, a pastoral life.

2. Relating to the care of souls, or to the pastor of a church; as,
pastoral duties; a pastoral letter.

Pastoral staff (Eccl.), a staff, usually of the form of a shepherd's
crook, borne as an official emblem by a bishop, abbot, abbess, or other
prelate privileged to carry it. See Crook, and Crosier. -- Pastoral
Theology, that part of theology which treats of the duties of pastors.

Pas"tor*al (?), n. 1. A poem describing the life and manners of
shepherds; a poem in which the speakers assume the character of
shepherds; an idyl; a bucolic.

    A pastoral is a poem in which any action or passion is represented
    by its effects on a country life.


Rambler.

2. (Mus.) A cantata relating to rural life; a composition for
instruments characterized by simplicity and sweetness; a lyrical
composition the subject of which is taken from rural life. Moore
(Encyc. of Music).

3. (Eccl.) A letter of a pastor to his charge; specifically, a letter
addressed by a bishop to his diocese; also (Prot. Epis. Ch.), a letter
of the House of Bishops, to be read in each parish.

||Pas`to*ra"le (?), n. [It.] 1. (Mus.) A composition in a soft, rural
||style, generally in 6-8 or 12-8 time.

2. A kind of dance; a kind of figure used in a dance.

Pas"tor*al*ly (?), adv. 1. In a pastoral or rural manner.

2. In the manner of a pastor.

Pas"tor*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. pastorat. See Pastor.] The office, state,
or jurisdiction of a pastor.

Pas"tor*less, a. Having no pastor.

Pas"tor*ling (?), n. An insignificant pastor. [R.]

Pas"tor*ly, a. Appropriate to a pastor. Milton.

Pas"tor*ship, n. Pastorate. Bp. Bull.

Pas"try (?), n.; pl. Pastries (&?;). 1. The place where pastry is made.
[Obs.] Shak.

2. Articles of food made of paste, or having a crust made of paste, as
pies, tarts, etc.

Pastry cook, one whose occupation is to make pastry; as, the pastry
cook of a hotel.

Pas"tur*a*ble (?), a. Fit for pasture.

Pas"tur*age (?), n. [OF. pasturage, F. p‚turage. See Pasture.] 1.
Grazing ground; grass land used for pasturing; pasture.

2. Grass growing for feed; grazing.

3. The business of feeding or grazing cattle.

Pas"ture (?), n. [OF. pasture, F. p‚ture, L. pastura, fr. pascere,
pastum, to pasture, to feed. See Pastor.] 1. Food; nourishment. [Obs.]

    Toads and frogs his pasture poisonous.


Spenser.

2. Specifically: Grass growing for the food of cattle; the food of
cattle taken by grazing.

3. Grass land for cattle, horses, etc.; pasturage.

    He maketh me to lie down in green pastures.


Ps. xxiii. 2.

    So graze as you find pasture.


Shak.

Pas"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pastured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pasturing.]
To feed, esp. to feed on growing grass; to supply grass as food for;
as, the farmer pastures fifty oxen; the land will pasture forty cows.

Pas"ture, v. i. To feed on growing grass; to graze.

Pas"ture*less, a. Destitute of pasture. Milton.

Pas"tur*er (?), n. One who pastures; one who takes cattle to graze. See
Agister.

Pas"ty (?), a. Like paste, as in color, softness, stickness. "A pasty
complexion." G. Eliot.

Pas"ty, n.; pl. Pasties (#). [OF. pastÈ, F. p‚tÈ. See Paste, and cf.
Patty.] A pie consisting usually of meat wholly surrounded with a crust
made of a sheet of paste, and often baked without a dish; a meat pie.
"If ye pinch me like a pasty." Shak. "Apple pasties." Dickens.

    A large pasty baked in a pewter platter.


Sir W. Scott.

Pat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patting.] [Cf.
G. patschen, Prov. G. patzen, to strike, tap.] To strike gently with
the fingers or hand; to stroke lightly; to tap; as, to pat a dog.

    Gay pats my shoulder, and you vanish quite.


Pope.

Pat, n. 1. A light, quik blow or stroke with the fingers or hand; a
tap.

2. A small mass, as of butter, shaped by pats.

    It looked like a tessellated work of pats of butter.


Dickens.

Pat, a. [Cf. pat a light blow, D. te pas convenient, pat, where pas is
fr. F. passer to pass.] Exactly suitable; fit; convenient; timely. "Pat
allusion." Barrow.

Pat, adv. In a pat manner.

    I foresaw then 't would come in pat hereafter.


Sterne.

||Pa*ta"ca (?), n. [Sp.] The Spanish dollar; -- called also patacoon.
||[Obs.]

||Pa`tache" (?), n. [F. & Sp. patache, P. patacho.] (Naut.) A tender to
||a fleet, formerly used for conveying men, orders, or treasure. [Spain
||& Portugal]

Pa`ta*coon" (?), n. [Sp.] See Pataca.

||Pa*ta"gi*um (?), n.; pl. Patagia (#). [L., an edge or border.] 1.
||(Anat.) In bats, an expansion of the integument uniting the fore limb
||with the body and extending between the elongated fingers to form the
||wing; in birds, the similar fold of integument uniting the fore limb
||with the body.

2. (Zoˆl.) One of a pair of small vesicular organs situated at the
bases of the anterior wings of lepidopterous insects. See Illust. of
Butterfly.

Pat`a*go"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Patagonia. -- n. A native of
Patagonia.

Pat"a*mar (?), n. [From the native name.] (Naut.) A vessel resembling a
grab, used in the coasting trade of Bombay and Ceylon. [Written also
pattemar.]

Pa*tas" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A West African long-tailed monkey
(Cercopithecus ruber); the red monkey.

Pat`a*vin"i*ty (?), n. [L. patavinitas, fr. Patavium: cf. F.
patavinitÈ] The use of local or provincial words, as in the peculiar
style or diction of Livy, the Roman historian; -- so called from
Patavium, now Padua, the place of Livy's nativity.

Patch (?), n. [OE. pacche; of uncertain origin, perh. for placche; cf.
Prov. E. platch patch, LG. plakk, plakke.] 1. A piece of cloth, or
other suitable material, sewed or otherwise fixed upon a garment to
repair or strengthen it, esp. upon an old garment to cover a hole.

    Patches set upon a little breach.


Shak.

2. Hence: A small piece of anything used to repair a breach; as, a
patch on a kettle, a roof, etc.

3. A small piece of black silk stuck on the face, or neck, to hide a
defect, or to heighten beauty.

    Your black patches you wear variously.


Beau. & Fl.

4. (Gun.) A piece of greased cloth or leather used as wrapping for a
rifle ball, to make it fit the bore.

5. Fig.: Anything regarded as a patch; a small piece of ground; a
tract; a plot; as, scattered patches of trees or growing corn.

    Employed about this patch of ground.


Bunyan.

6. (Mil.) A block on the muzzle of a gun, to do away with the effect of
dispart, in sighting.

7. A paltry fellow; a rogue; a ninny; a fool. [Obs. or Colloq.] "Thou
scurvy patch." Shak.

Patch ice, ice in overlapping pieces in the sea. -- Soft patch, a patch
for covering a crack in a metallic vessel, as a steam boiler,
consisting of soft material, as putty, covered and held in place by a
plate bolted or riveted fast.

Patch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patching.]
1. To mend by sewing on a piece or pieces of cloth, leather, or the
like; as, to patch a coat.

2. To mend with pieces; to repair with pieces festened on; to repair
clumsily; as, to patch the roof of a house.

3. To adorn, as the face, with a patch or patches.

    Ladies who patched both sides of their faces.


Spectator.

4. To make of pieces or patches; to repair as with patches; to arrange
in a hasty or clumsy manner; -- generally with up; as, to patch up a
truce. "If you'll patch a quarrel." Shak.

Patch"er (?), n. One who patches or botches. Foxe.

Patch"er*y (?), n. Botchery; covering of defects; bungling; hypocrisy.
[R.] Shak.

Patch"ing*ly (?), adv. Knavishy; deceitfully. [Obs.]

{ Pa*tchou"li, Pa*tchou"ly } (?), n. [CF. F. patchouli; prob. of East
Indian origin.] 1. (Bot.) A mintlike plant (Pogostemon Patchouli) of
the East Indies, yielding an essential oil from which a highly valued
perfume is made.

2. The perfume made from this plant.

Patchouly camphor (Chem.), a substance homologous with and resembling
borneol, found in patchouly oil.

Patch"work` (?), n. Work composed of pieces sewed together, esp. pieces
of various colors and figures; hence, anything put together of
incongruous or ill-adapted parts; something irregularly clumsily
composed; a thing putched up. Swift.

Patch"y (?), a. Full of, or covered with, patches; abounding in
patches.

||Pa`tÈ" (?), a. (Her.) See PattÈ.

||Pa`tÈ" (?), n. [F. p‚tÈ.] 1. A pie. See Patty.

2. (Fort.) A kind of platform with a parapet, usually of an oval form,
and generally erected in marshy grounds to cover a gate of a fortified
place. [R.]

Pate (?), n. [Cf. LG. & Prov. G. pattkopf, patzkopf, scabby head; patt,
patz, scab + kopf head.] 1. The head of a person; the top, or crown, of
the head. [Now generally used in contempt or ridicule.]

    His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent
    dealing shall come down upon his own pate.


Ps. vii. 16.

    Fat paunches have lean pate.


Shak.

2. The skin of a calf's head.

Pat"ed (?), a. Having a pate; -- used only in composition; as,
long-pated; shallow- pated.

Pa*tee" (?), n. See Pattee.

Pat`e*fac"tion (?), n. [L. patefactio, fr. patefacere to open; patere
to lie open + facere to make.] The act of opening, disclosing, or
manifesting; open declaration. Jer. Taylor.

||Pat"e*la (?), n. [Hind. patel.] A large flat-bottomed trading boat
||peculiar to the river Ganges; -- called also puteli.

||Pa*tel"la (?), n.; pl. PatellÊ (#). [L., a small pan, the kneepan,
||dim. of patina, patena, a pan, dish.] 1. A small dish, pan, or vase.

2. (Anat.) The kneepan; the cap of the knee.

3. (Zoˆl.) A genus of marine gastropods, including many species of
limpets. The shell has the form of a flattened cone. The common
European limpet (Patella vulgata) is largely used for food.

4. (Bot.) A kind of apothecium in lichens, which is orbicular, flat,
and sessile, and has a special rim not a part of the thallus.

Pa*tel"lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the patella, or kneepan.

Pa*tel"li*form (?), a. [Patella + form: cf. F. pattelliforme.] 1.
Having the form of a patella.

2. (Zoˆl.) Resembling a limpet of the genus Patella.

||Pa*tel"lu*la (?), n.; pl. PatellulÊ (#). [NL., dim. of L. patella.
||See Patella.] (Zoˆl.) A cuplike sucker on the feet of certain
||insects.

Pat"en (?), n. [LL. patina, patena, fr. L. patina, patena, a pan; cf.
L. patere to be open, E. patent, and Gr. &?; a kind of flat dish: cf.
F. patËne. Cf. Patina.] 1. A plate. [Obs.]

2. (Eccl.) The place on which the consecrated bread is placed in the
Eucharist, or on which the host is placed during the Mass. It is
usually small, and formed as to fit the chalice, or cup, as a cover.

[Written also patin, patine.]

||Pat"e*na (?), n. [LL.] (Eccl.) A paten.

||Pa*te"na (?), n. [Cf. Pg. patena a paten.] A grassy expanse in the
||hill region of Ceylon.

Pa"ten*cy (?), n. [See Patent.] 1. The condition of being open,
enlarged, or spread.

2. The state of being patent or evident.

<! p. 1051 !>

Pat"ent (pt"ent or pt"ent), a. [L. patens, -entis, p. pr. of patere to
be open: cf. F. patent. Cf. Fathom.] 1. (Oftener pronounced pt"ent in
this sense) Open; expanded; evident; apparent; unconcealed; manifest;
public; conspicuous.

    He had received instructions, both patent and secret.


Motley.

2. Open to public perusal; -- said of a document conferring some right
or privilege; as, letters patent. See Letters patent, under 3d Letter.

3. Appropriated or protected by letters patent; secured by official
authority to the exclusive possession, control, and disposal of some
person or party; patented; as, a patent right; patent medicines.

    Madder . . . in King Charles the First's time, was made a patent
    commodity.


Mortimer.

4. (Bot.) Spreading; forming a nearly right angle with the steam or
branch; as, a patent leaf.

Patent leather, a varnished or lacquered leather, used for boots and
shoes, and in carriage and harness work. -- Patent office, a government
bureau for the examination of inventions and the granting of patents.
-- Patent right. (a) The exclusive right to an invention, and the
control of its manufacture. (b) (Law) The right, granted by the
sovereign, of exclusive control of some business of manufacture, or of
the sale of certain articles, or of certain offices or prerogatives. --
Patent rolls, the registers, or records, of patents.

Pat"ent, n. [Cf. F. patente. See Patent, a.] 1. A letter patent, or
letters patent; an official document, issued by a sovereign power,
conferring a right or privilege on some person or party. Specifically:
(a) A writing securing to an invention. (b) A document making a grant
and conveyance of public lands.

    Four other gentlemen of quality remained mentioned in that patent.


Fuller.

In the United States, by the act of 1870, patents for inventions are
issued for seventeen years, without the privilege of renewal except by
act of Congress.

2. The right or privilege conferred by such a document; hence,
figuratively, a right, privilege, or license of the nature of a patent.

    If you are so fond over her iniquity, give her patent to offend.


Shak.

Pat"ent, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patented; p. pr. & vb. n. Patenting.] To
grant by patent; to make the subject of a patent; to secure or protect
by patent; as, to patent an invention; to patent public lands.

Pat"ent*a*ble (?), a. Suitable to be patented; capable of being
patented.

Pat`ent*ee" (?), n. One to whom a grant is made, or a privilege
secured, by patent. Bacon.

Pat"ent-ham"mered (?), a. (Stone Cutting) Having a surface dressed by
cutting with a hammer the head of which consists of broad thin chisels
clamped together.

Pat"ent*ly (?; see Patent, a.), adv. Openly; evidently.

||Pat"e*ra (?), n.; pl. PaterÊ(&?;). [ L., fr. patere to lie open.] 1.
||A saucerlike vessel of earthenware or metal, used by the Greeks and
||Romans in libations and sacrificies.

2. (Arch.) A circular ornament, resembling a dish, often worked in
relief on friezes, and the like.

Pat`e*re"ro (?), n. See Pederero. [Obs.]

||Pa`ter*fa*mil`i*as (?), n.; pl. Pateresfamilias (#). [L., fr. pater
||father + familias, gen. of familia family.] (Rom. Law) The head of a
||family; in a large sense, the proprietor of an estate; one who is his
||own master.

Pa*ter"nal (?), a. [L. paternus, fr. pater a father: cf. F. paternel.
See Father.] 1. Of or pertaining to a father; fatherly; showing the
disposition of a father; guiding or instructing as a father; as,
paternal care. "Under paternal rule." Milton.

2. Received or derived from a father; hereditary; as, a paternal
estate.

    Their small paternal field of corn.


Dryden.

Paternal government (Polit. Science), the assumption by the governing
power of a quasi-fatherly relation to the people, involving strict and
intimate supervision of their business and social concerns, upon the
theory that they are incapable of managing their own afffairs.

Pa*ter"nal*ism (?), n. (Polit. Science) The theory or practice of
paternal government. See Paternal government, under Paternal. London
Times.

Pa*ter"nal*ly, adv. In a paternal manner.

Pa*ter"ni*ty (?), n. [L. paternitas: cf. F. paternitÈ. See Paternal.]
1. The relation of a father to his child; fathership; fatherhood;
family headship; as, the divine paternity.

    The world, while it had scarcity of people, underwent no other
    dominion than paternity and eldership.


Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Derivation or descent from a father; male parentage; as, the
paternity of a child.

3. Origin; authorship.

    The paternity of these novels was . . . disputed.


Sir W. Scott.

Pa"ter*nos`ter (?), n. [L., Our Father.] 1. The Lord's prayer, so
called from the first two words of the Latin version.

2. (Arch.) A beadlike ornament in moldings.

3. (Angling) A line with a row of hooks and bead&?;shaped sinkers.

Paternoster pump, Paternoster wheel, a chain pump; a noria. --
Paternoster while, the space of time required for repeating a
paternoster. Udall.

Path (pth), n.; pl. Paths (pz). [As. pÊ, pa; akin to D. pad, G. pfad,
of uncertain origin; cf. Gr. pa`tos, Skr. patha, path. &radic;21.] 1. A
trodden way; a footway.

    The dewy paths of meadows we will tread.


Dryden.

2. A way, course, or track, in which anything moves or has moved;
route; passage; an established way; as, the path of a meteor, of a
caravan, of a storm, of a pestilence. Also used figuratively, of a
course of life or action.

    All the paths of the Lord are mercy and truth.


Ps. xxv. 10.

    The paths of glory lead but to the grave.


Gray.

Path (p), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pathed (pd); pr.p. & vb. n. Pathing.] To
make a path in, or on (something), or for (some one). [R.] "Pathing
young Henry's unadvised ways." Drayton.

Path, v. i. To walk or go. [R.] Shak.

Path`e*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a suffering, &?;, to suffer.]
Of, pertaining to, or designating, emotion or suffering. [R.] Chalmers.

Pa*thet"ic (?), a. [L. patheticus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, to suffer:
cf. F. pathÈtique. See Pathos.] 1. Expressing or showing anger;
passionate. [Obs.]

2. Affecting or moving the tender emotions, esp. pity or grief; full of
pathos; as, a pathetic song or story. "Pathetic action." Macaulay.

    No theory of the passions can teach a man to be pathetic.


E. Porter.

Pathetic muscle (Anat.), the superior oblique muscle of the eye. --
Pathetic nerve (Anat.), the fourth cranial, or trochlear, nerve, which
supplies the superior oblique, or pathetic, muscle of the eye. -- The
pathetic, a style or manner adapted to arouse the tender emotions.

Pa*thet"ic*al (?), a. Pathetic. [R.] -- Pa*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Pa*thet"ic*al*ness, n.

Path"e*tism (?), n. [Cf. F. pathÈtisme.] See Mesmerism. L. Sunderland.

Path"find`er (?), n. One who discovers a way or path; one who explores
untraversed regions.

    The cow is the true pathfinder and pathmaker.


J. Burroughs.

Path"ic (?), n. [L. pathicus, Gr. &?;, passive, fr. &?;, &?;, to
suffer] A male who submits to the crime against nature; a catamite.
[R.] B. Jonson.

Path"ic, a. [Gr. &?;.] Passive; suffering.

Path"less (?), a. Having no beaten path or way; untrodden;
impenetrable; as, pathless woods.

    Trough the heavens' wide, pathless way.


Milton.

Path"mak`er (?), n. One who, or that which, makes a way or path.

Path"o*gene (?), n. [See Pathogenic.] (Biol.) One of a class of
virulent microˆrganisms or bacteria found in the tissues and fluids in
infectious diseases, and supposed to be the cause of the disease; a
pathogenic organism; a pathogenic bacterium; -- opposed to zymogene.

Path`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. (Med.) Pathogeny.

Path`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Med.) Pathogenic.

Path`o*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; disease + the root of &?; birth.] (Med.
& Biol.) Of or pertaining to pathogeny; producting disease; as, a
pathogenic organism; a pathogenic bacterium.

Pa*thog"e*ny (?), n. (Med.) (a) The generation, and method of
development, of disease; as, the pathogeny of yellow fever is
unsettled. (b) That branch of pathology which treats of the generation
and development of disease.

Pa*thog`no*mon"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; skilled in judging of diseases; &?;
a disease + &?; skilled: cf. F. pathognomonique. See Gnomic.] (Med.)
Specially or decisively characteristic of a disease; indicating with
certainty a disease; as, a pathognomonic symptom.

    The true pathognomonic sign of love jealousy.


Arbuthnot.

Pa*thog"no*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; passion + &?; a judgment, fr. &?;, &?;,
to know.] Expression of the passions; the science of the signs by which
human passions are indicated.

{ Path`o*log"ic (?), Path`o*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F.
pathologique.] Of or pertaining to pathology. -- Path`o*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.

Pa*thol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. pathologiste.] One skilled in pathology;
an investigator in pathology; as, the pathologist of a hospital, whose
duty it is to determine the causes of the diseases.

Pa*thol"o*gy (-j), n.; pl. Pathologies (-jz). [Gr. pa`qos a suffering,
disease + -logy: cf. F. pathologie.] (Med.) The science which treats of
diseases, their nature, causes, progress, symptoms, etc.

Pathology is general or special, according as it treats of disease or
morbid processes in general, or of particular diseases; it is also
subdivided into internal and external, or medical and surgical
pathology. Its departments are nosology, Êtiology, morbid anatomy,
symptomatology, and therapeutics, which treat respectively of the
classification, causation, organic changes, symptoms, and cure of
diseases.

Celluar pathology, a theory that gives prominence to the vital action
of cells in the healthy and diseased function of the body. Virchow.

||Path`o*pú"la (?), n.; pl. -ias (#). [NL., from Gr. &?;; &?; passion +
||&?; to make.] (Rhet.) A speech, or figure of speech, designed to move
||the passion. Smart.

Pa"thos (?), n. [L., from Gr. pa`qos a suffering, passion, fr. &?;,
&?;, to suffer; cf. &?; toil, L. pati to suffer, E. patient.] That
quality or property of anything which touches the feelings or excites
emotions and passions, esp., that which awakens tender emotions, such
as pity, sorrow, and the like; contagious warmth of feeling, action, or
expression; pathetic quality; as, the pathos of a picture, of a poem,
or of a cry.

    The combination of incident, and the pathos of catastrophe.


T. Warton.

Path"way (?), n. A footpath; a beaten track; any path or course. Also
used figuratively. Shak.

    In the way of righteousness is life; and in the pathway thereof is
    no death.


Prov. xii. 28.

    We tread the pathway arm in arm.


Sir W. Scott.

Pat"i*ble (?), a. [L. patibilis, fr. pati to suffer.] Sufferable;
tolerable; endurable. [Obs.] Bailey.

Pa*tib"u*la*ry (?), a. [L. patibulum a gallows: cf. F. patibulaire.] Of
or pertaining to the gallows, or to execution. [R.] Carlyle.

Pa*tib"u*la`ted, a. Hanged on a gallows. [R.]

Pa"tience (?), n. [F. patience, fr. L. patientia. See Patient.] 1. The
state or quality of being patient; the power of suffering with
fortitude; uncomplaining endurance of evils or wrongs, as toil, pain,
poverty, insult, oppression, calamity, etc.

    Strenthened with all might, . . . unto all patience and
    long-suffering.


Col. i. 11.

    I must have patience to endure the load.


Shak.

    Who hath learned lowliness From his Lord's cradle, patience from
    his cross.


Keble.

2. The act or power of calmly or contentedly waiting for something due
or hoped for; forbearance.

    Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all.


Matt. xviii. 29.

3. Constancy in labor or application; perseverance.

    He learned with patience, and with meekness taught.


Harte.

4. Sufferance; permission. [Obs.] Hooker.

    They stay upon your patience.


Shak.

5. (Bot.) A kind of dock (Rumex Patientia), less common in America than
in Europe; monk's rhubarb.

6. (Card Playing) Solitaire.

Syn. -- Patience, Resignation. Patience implies the quietness or
self-possession of one's own spirit under sufferings, provocations,
etc.; resignation implies submission to the will of another. The Stoic
may have patience; the Christian should have both patience and
resignation.

Pa"tient (?), a. [F., fr. L. patiens, -entis, p. pr. of pati to suffer.
Cf. Pathos, Passion.] 1. Having the quality of enduring; physically
able to suffer or bear.

    Patient of severest toil and hardship.


Bp. Fell.

2. Undergoing pains, trails, or the like, without murmuring or
fretfulness; bearing up with equanimity against trouble;
long-suffering.

3. Constant in pursuit or exertion; persevering; calmly diligent; as,
patient endeavor.

    Whatever I have done is due to patient thought.


Sir I. Newton.

4. Expectant with calmness, or without discontent; not hasty; not
overeager; composed.

    Not patient to expect the turns of fate.


Prior.

5. Forbearing; long-suffering.

    Be patient toward all men.


1 Thess. v. 14.

Pa"tient, n. 1. ONe who, or that which, is passively affected; a
passive recipient.

    Malice is a passion so impetuous and precipitate that often
    involves the agent and the patient.


Gov. of Tongue.

2. A person under medical or surgical treatment; -- correlative to
physician or nurse.

    Like a physician, . . . seeing his patient in a pestilent fever.


Sir P. Sidney.

In patient, a patient who receives lodging and food, as treatment, in a
hospital or an infirmary. -- Out patient, one who receives advice and
medicine, or treatment, from an infirmary.

Pa"tient, v. t. To compose, to calm. [Obs.] "Patient yourself, madam."
Shak.

Pa"tient*ly, adv. In a patient manner. Cowper.

{ Pat"in (?), Pat"ine }, n. A plate. See Paten. "Inlaid with patines of
bright gold." Shak.

Pat"ina (?), n. [It., fr. L. patina a dish, a pan, a kind of cake. Cf.
Paten.] 1. A dish or plate of metal or earthenware; a patella.

2. (Fine Arts) The color or incrustation which age gives to works of
art; especially, the green rust which covers ancient bronzes, coins,
and medals. Fairholt.

||Pa"ti*o (p‰"t*), n. [Sp., a court] (Metal) A paved yard or floor
||where ores are cleaned and sorted, or where ore, salt, mercury, etc.,
||are trampled by horses, to effect intermixture and amalgamation.

The patio process is used to reduce silver ores by amalgamation.

Pat"ly (?), adv. Fitly; seasonably. Barrow.

Pat"ness, n. Fitness or appropriateness; striking suitableness;
convenience.

    The description with equal patness may suit both.


Barrow.

Pa`tois" (?), n. [F.] A dialect peculiar to the illiterate classes; a
provincial form of speech.

    The jargon and patois of several provinces.


Sir T. Browne.

Pa*tonce" (?), a. [Cf. F. patte d'once paw of an ounce.] (Her.) Having
the arms growing broader and floriated toward the end; -- said of a
cross. See Illust. 9 of Cross.

Pa"tri*al (?), a. [L. patria fatherland, country, fr. pater father.]
(Lat. Gram.) Derived from the name of a country, and designating an
inhabitant of the country; gentile; -- said of a noun. -- n. A patrial
noun. Thus Romanus, a Roman, and Troas, a woman of Troy, are patrial
nouns, or patrials. Andrews.

Pa"tri*arch (?), n. [F. patriarche, L. patriarcha, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;
lineage, especially on the father's side, race; &?; father + &?; a
leader, chief, fr. &?; to lead, rule. See Father, Archaic.] 1. The
father and ruler of a family; one who governs his family or descendants
by paternal right; -- usually applied to heads of families in ancient
history, especially in Biblical and Jewish history to those who lived
before the time of Moses.

2. (R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.) A dignitary superior to the order of
archbishops; as, the patriarch of Constantinople, of Alexandria, or of
Antioch.

3. A venerable old man; an elder. Also used figuratively.

    The patriarch hoary, the sage of his kith and the hamlet.


Longfellow.

    The monarch oak, the partiarch of trees.


Dryde.

Pa`tri*ar"chal (?), a. [Cf. F. patriarcal.] 1. Of or pertaining to a
patriarch or to patriarchs; possessed by, or subject to, patriarchs;
as, patriarchal authority or jurisdiction; a patriarchal see; a
patriarchal church.

2. Characteristic of a patriarch; venerable.

    About whose patriarchal knee Late the little children clung.


Tennyson.

3. (Ethnol.) Having an organization of society and government in which
the head of the family exercises authority over all its generations.

Patriarchal cross (Her.), a cross, the shaft of which is intersected by
two transverse beams, the upper one being the smaller. See Illust. (2)
of Cross. -- Patriarchal dispensation, the divine dispensation under
which the patriarchs lived before the law given by Moses.

<! p. 1052 !>

Pa`tri*ar"chate (p>amac/`tr*‰r"kt), n. [Cf. F. patriarcat.] 1. The
office, dignity, or jurisdiction of a patriarch. Jer. Taylor.

2. The residence of an ecclesiastic patriarch.

3. (Ethnol.) A patriarchal form of government or society. See
Patriarchal, a., 3.

Pa"tri*arch*dom (?), n. The office or jurisdiction of a patriarch;
patriarchate. [R.]

Pa`tri*ar"chic (?), a. [L. patriarchicus, Gr. &?;.] Patriarchal.

Pa"tri*arch*ism (?), n. Government by a patriarch, or the head of a
family.

Pa"tri*arch*ship, n. A patriarchate. Ayliffe.

Pa"tri*arch`y (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] 1. The jurisdiction of a patriarch;
patriarchship. Brerewood.

2. Government by a patriarch; patriarchism.

Pa*tri"cian (?), a. [L. patricius, fr. patres fathers or senators, pl.
of pater: cf. F. patricien. See Paternal.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) Of or
pertaining to the Roman patres (fathers) or senators, or patricians.

2. Of, pertaining to, or appropriate to, a person of high birth; noble;
not plebeian.

    Born in the patrician file of society.


Sir W. Scott.

    His horse's hoofs wet with patrician blood.


Addison.

Pa*tri"cian, n. [L. patricius: cf. F. patricien.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.)
Originally, a member of any of the families constituting the populus
Romanus, or body of Roman citizens, before the development of the
plebeian order; later, one who, by right of birth or by special
privilege conferred, belonged to the nobility.

2. A person of high birth; a nobleman.

3. One familiar with the works of the Christian Fathers; one versed in
patristic lore. [R.] Colridge.

Pa*tri"cian*ism (?), n. The rank or character of patricians.

Pa*tri"ci*ate (?), n. The patrician class; the aristocracy; also, the
office of patriarch. Milman.

Pat*ri"ci`dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to patricide; parricidal.

Pat*ri"cide (?), n. [L. pater father + caedere to kill. Cf. Parricide.]
1. The murderer of his father.

2. The crime of one who murders his father. Same as Parricide.

Pat`ri*mo"ni*al (?), a. [L. patrimonialis: cf. F. patrimonial.] Of or
pertaining to a patrimony; inherited from ancestors; as, a patrimonial
estate.

Pat`ri*mo"ni*al*ly, adv. By inheritance.

Pat"ri*mo*ny (?), n.; pl. Patrimonies (#). [L. patrimonium, fr. pater
father: cf. F. patrimoine. See Paternal.] 1. A right or estate
inherited from one's father; or, in a larger sense, from any ancestor.
"'Reave the orphan of his patrimony." Shak.

2. Formerly, a church estate or endowment. Shipley.

Pa"tri*ot (?), n. [F. patriote; cf. Sp. patriota, It. patriotto; all
fr. Gr. &?; a fellow-countryman, fr. &?; established by forefathers,
fr. &?; father. See Father.] One who loves his country, and zealously
supports its authority and interests. Bp. Hall.

    Such tears as patriots shaed for dying laws.


Pope.

Pa"tri*ot, a. Becoming to a patriot; patriotic.

Pa`tri*ot"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. patriotique, Gr. &?; belonging to a
fellow-countryman.] Inspired by patriotism; actuated by love of one's
country; zealously and unselfishly devoted to the service of one's
country; as, a patriotic statesman, vigilance.

Pa`tri*ot"ic*al (?), a. Patriotic; that pertains to a patriot. --
Pa`tri*ot"ic*al*ly, adv.

Pa"tri*ot*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. patriotisme.] Love of country; devotion
to the welfare of one's country; the virtues and actions of a patriot;
the passion which inspires one to serve one's country. Berkley.

Pa`tri*pas"sian (?), n. [LL. Patripassiani, pl.; L. pater father +
pati, passus, to suffer: cf. F. patripassiens.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a
body of believers in the early church who denied the independent
preÎxistent personality of Christ, and who, accordingly, held that the
Father suffered in the Son; a monarchian. -- Pa`tri*pas"sian*ism (#),
n.

Pa"trist (?), n. One versed in patristics.

{ Pa*tris"tic (?), Pa*tris"tic*al (?), } a. [F. patristique. See
Paternal.] Of or pertaining to the Fathers of the Christian church.

    The voluminous editor of Jerome anf of tons of patristic theology.


I. Taylor.

Pa*tris"tics (?), n. That departnent of historical theology which
treats of the lives and doctrines of the Fathers of the church.

Pa"tri*zate (?), v. i. [L. patrissare, patrizare;cf. Gr. &?;.] To
imitate one's father. [R.]

Pa*troc"i*nate (?), v. t. [L. patrocinatus, p. p. of patrocinari to
patronize, fr. patronus patron.] To support; to patronize. [Obs.]
Urquhart.

Pa*troc`i*na"tion (?), n. The act of patrocinating or patronizing.
[Obs.] "Patrocinations of treason." Bp. Hall.

Pa*troc"i*ny (?), n. [L. patrocinium.] [Obs.] See Patrocination.

Pa*trol" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Patrolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Patrolling.] [F. patrouiller, O. & Prov. F. patrouiller to paddle, paw
about, patrol, fr. patte a paw; cf. D. poot paw, G. pfote, and E. pat,
v.] To go the rounds along a chain of sentinels; to traverse a police
district or beat.

Pa*trol" (?), v.t To go the rounds of, as a sentry, guard, or
policeman; as, to patrol a frontier; to patrol a beat.

Pa*trol", n. [F. patrouille, OF. patouille. See Patrol, v. i.] 1.
(Mil.) (a) A going of the rounds along the chain of sentinels and
between the posts, by a guard, usually consisting of three or four men,
to insure greater security from attacks on the outposts. (b) A
movement, by a small body of troops beyond the line of outposts, to
explore the country and gain intelligence of the enemy's whereabouts.
(c) The guard or men who go the rounds for observation; a detachment
whose duty it is to patrol.

2. Any perambulation of a particular line or district to guard it;
also, the men thus guarding; as, a customs patrol; a fire patrol.

    In France there is an army of patrols to secure her fiscal
    regulations.


A. Hamilton.

Pa*trole" (?), n. & v. See Patrol, n. & v.

Pa*trol"man (?), n.; pl. Patrolmen (&?;). One who patrols; a watchman;
especially, a policeman who patrols a particular precinct of a town or
city.

Pa"tron (?), n. [F., fr. L. patronus, fr. pater a father. See Paternal,
and cf. Patroon, Padrone, Pattern.] 1. One who protects, supports, or
countenances; a defender. "Patron of my life and liberty." Shak. "The
patron of true holiness." Spenser.

2. (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A master who had freed his slave, but still
retained some paternal rights over him. (b) A man of distinction under
whose protection another person placed himself. (c) An advocate or
pleader.

    Let him who works the client wrong Beware the patron's ire.


Macaulay.

3. One who encourages or helps a person, a cause, or a work; a
furtherer; a promoter; as, a patron of art.

4. (Eccl. Law) One who has gift and disposition of a benefice. [Eng.]

5. A guardian saint. -- called also patron saint.

6. (Naut.) See Padrone, 2.

Patrons of Husbandry, the grangers. See Granger, 2.

Pa"tron, v. t. To be a patron of; to patronize; to favor. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

Pa"tron, a. Doing the duty of a patron; giving aid or protection;
tutelary. Dryden.

Patron saint (R. C. Ch.), a saint regarded as the peculiar protector of
a country, community, church, profession, etc., or of an individual.

Pa"tron*age (?), n. [F. patronage. Cf. LL. patronaticum, and L.
patronatus.] 1. Special countenance or support; favor, encouragement,
or aid, afforded to a person or a work; as, the patronage of letters;
patronage given to an author.

2. Business custom. [Commercial Cant]

3. Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary care. Addison.

4. The right of nomination to political office; also, the offices,
contracts, honors, etc., which a public officer may bestow by favor.

5. (Eng. Law) The right of presentation to church or ecclesiastical
benefice; advowson. Blackstone.

Pa"tron*age, v. t. To act as a patron of; to maintain; to defend.
[Obs.] Shak.

Pa"tron*al (?), a. [L. patronalis; cf. F. patronal.] Patron;
protecting; favoring. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Pa"tron*ate (?), n. [L. patronatus.] The right or duty of a patron;
patronage. [R.] Westm. Rev.

Pa"tron*ess (?), n. [Cf. F. patronnesse.] A female patron or helper.
Spenser.

    Night, best patroness of grief.


Milton.

Pa`tron*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of patronizing; patronage; support.
[R.]

Pa"tron*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patronized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Patronizing (?).] 1. To act as patron toward; to support; to
countenance; to favor; to aid.

    The idea has been patronized by two States only.


A. Hamilton.

2. To trade with customarily; to frequent as a customer. [Commercial
Cant]

3. To assume the air of a patron, or of a superior and protector,
toward; -- used in an unfavorable sense; as, to patronize one's equals.

Pa"tron*i`zer (?), n. One who patronizes.

Pa"tron*i`zing (?), a. Showing condescending favor; assuming the manner
of airs of a superior toward another. -- Pat"ron*i`zing*ly, adv.
Thackeray.

Pa"tron*less (?), a. Destitute of a patron.

Pa`tro*nom`a*yol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a father + E.
onomatology.] That branch of knowledge which deals with personal names
and their origin; the study of patronymics.

Pa`tro*nym"ic (?), a. [L. patronymicus, Gr. &?;; &?; father + &?; name:
cf. F. patronymique.] Derived from ancestors; as, a patronymic
denomination.

Pa`tro*nym"ic, n. [Gr. &?;.] A modification of the father's name borne
by the son; a name derived from that of a parent or ancestor; as,
Pelides, the son of Peleus; Johnson, the son of John; Macdonald, the
son of Donald; Paulowitz, the son of Paul; also, the surname of a
family; the family name. M. A. Lower.

Pa`tro*nym"ic*al (?), a. Same as Patronymic.

Pa*troon" (?), n. [D. patroon a patron, a protector. See Patron.] One
of the proprietors of certain tracts of land with manorial privileges
and right of entail, under the old Dutch governments of New York and
New Jersey.

Pa*troon"ship, n. The office of a patroon. Irving.

{ ||Pat`tÈ" (?), Pat*tee" (?), } a. [F. pattÈ, fem. pattÈe, fr. patte
paw, foot. Cf. Patten.] (Her.) Narrow at the inner, and very broad at
the other, end, or having its arms of that shape; -- said of a cross.
See Illust. (8) of Cross. [Written also patÈ, patee.]

Pat"te*mar (?), n. See Patamar.

Pat"ten (?), n. [F. patin a high- heeled shoe, fr. patte paw, foot. Cf.
Panton, PattÈ.] 1. A clog or sole of wood, usually supported by an iron
ring, worn to raise the feet from the wet or the mud.

    The patten now supports each frugal dame.


Gay.

2. A stilt. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Pat"ten*ed (?), a. Wearing pattens. "Some pattened girl." Jane Austen.

Pat"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pattered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pattering.] [Freq. of pat to strike gently.] 1. To strike with a quick
succession of slight, sharp sounds; as, pattering rain or hail;
pattering feet.

    The stealing shower is scarce to patter heard.


Thomson.

2. To mutter; to mumble; as, to patter with the lips. Tyndale. [In this
sense, and in the following, perh. from paternoster.]

3. To talk glibly; to chatter; to harangue. [Colloq.]

    I've gone out and pattered to get money.


Mayhew.

Pat"ter, v. t. 1. To spatter; to sprinkle. [R.] "And patter the water
about the boat." J. R. Drake.

2. [See Patter, v. i., 2.] To mutter; as prayers.

    [The hooded clouds] patter their doleful prayers.


Longfellow.

To patter flash, to talk in thieves' cant. [Slang]

Pat"ter, n. 1. A quick succession of slight sounds; as, the patter of
rain; the patter of little feet.

2. Glib and rapid speech; a voluble harangue.

3. The cant of a class; patois; as, thieves's patter; gypsies' patter.

Pat"ter*er (?), n. One who patters, or talks glibly; specifically, a
street peddler. [Cant, Eng.]

Pat"tern (?), n. [OE. patron, F. patron, a patron, also, a pattern. See
Patron.] 1. Anything proposed for imitation; an archetype; an exemplar;
that which is to be, or is worthy to be, copied or imitated; as, a
pattern of a machine.

    I will be the pattern of all patience.


Shak.

2. A part showing the figure or quality of the whole; a specimen; a
sample; an example; an instance.

    He compares the pattern with the whole piece.


Swift.

3. Stuff sufficient for a garment; as, a dress pattern.

4. Figure or style of decoration; design; as, wall paper of a beautiful
pattern.

5. Something made after a model; a copy. Shak.

    The patterns of things in the heavens.


Heb. ix. 23.

6. Anything cut or formed to serve as a guide to cutting or forming
objects; as, a dressmaker's pattern.

7. (Founding) A full-sized model around which a mold of sand is made,
to receive the melted metal. It is usually made of wood and in several
parts, so as to be removed from the mold without injuring it.

Pattern box, chain, or cylinder (Figure Weaving), devices, in a loom,
for presenting several shuttles to the picker in the proper succession
for forming the figure. -- Pattern card. (a) A set of samples on a
card. (b) (Weaving) One of the perforated cards in a Jacquard
apparatus. -- Pattern reader, one who arranges textile patterns. --
Pattern wheel (Horology), a count- wheel.

Pat"tern, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patterned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Patterning.] 1. To make or design (anything) by, from, or after,
something that serves as a pattern; to copy; to model; to imitate.
Milton.

    [A temple] patterned from that which Adam reared in Paradise.


Sir T. Herbert.

2. To serve as an example for; also, to parallel.

To pattern after, to imitate; to follow.

Pat"ty (?), n.; pl. Patties (#). [F. p‚tÈ. See Pasty.] A little pie.

Pat"ty*pan` (?), n. 1. A pan for baking patties.

2. A patty. [Obs.]

Pat"u*lous (?), a. [L. patulus, fr. patere to be open, extend.] Open;
expanded; slightly spreading; having the parts loose or dispersed; as,
a patulous calyx; a patulous cluster of flowers.

    The eyes are large and patulous.


Sir J. Hill.

||Pau (?), n. See Pah.

Pau*cil"o*quent (?), a. Uttering few words; brief in speech. [R.]

Pau*cil"o*quy (?), n. [L. pauciloquium; paucus little + loqui to
speak.] Brevity in speech. [R.]

Pau`ci*spi"ral (?), a. [L. paucus few + E. spiral.] (Zoˆl.) Having few
spirals, or whorls; as, a paucispiral operculum or shell.

Pau"ci*ty (?), n. [L. paucitas, fr. paucus few, little: cf. F. paucitÈ
See Few.] 1. Fewness; smallness of number; scarcity. Hooker.

    Revelation denies it by the stern reserve, the paucity, and the
    incompleteness, of its communications.


I. Taylor.

2. Smallnes of quantity; exiguity; insufficiency; as, paucity of blood.
Sir T. Browne.

{ Pau"gie, Pau"gy } (?), n.; pl. Paugies (#). [Corrupted from Amer.
Indian mishcuppauog. See Scup.] (Zoˆl.) The scup. See Porgy, and Scup.

Pau*hau"gen (?), n. [North Amer. Indian.] (Zoˆl.) The menhaden; --
called also poghaden.

Paul (?), n. See Pawl.

Paul, n. An Italian silver coin. See Paolo.

Paul"dron (?), n. [See Powldron.] (Mil. Antiq.) A piece of armor
covering the shoulder at the junction of the body piece and arm piece.

{ Pau"li*an (?), Pau"li*an*ist (?), } n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of
Paul of Samosata, a bishop of Antioch in the third century, who was
deposed for denying the divinity of Christ.

Pau"li*cian (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of
Christian dualists originating in Armenia in the seventh century. They
rejected the Old Testament and the part of the New.

<! p. 1053 !>

Pau"lin (?), n. (Naut.) See Tarpaulin.

Pau"line (?), a. [L. Paulinus, fr. Paulus Paul.] Of or pertaining to
the apostle Paul, or his writings; resembling, or conforming to, the
writings of Paul; as, the Pauline epistles; Pauline doctrine.

    My religion had always been Pauline.


J. H. Newman.

Paul"ist (?), n. (R. C. Ch.) A member of The Institute of the
Missionary Priests of St. Paul the Apostle, founded in 1858 by the Rev.
I. T. Hecker of New York. The majority of the members were formerly
Protestants.

||Pau*low"ni*a (?), n. [NL. So named from the Russian princess Anna
||Pavlovna.] (Bot.) A genus of trees of the order ScrophulariaceÊ,
||consisting of one species, Paulownia imperialis.

The tree is native to Japan, and has immense heart-shaped leaves, and
large purplish flowers in panicles. The capsules contain many little
winged seeds, which are beautiful microscopic objects. The tree is
hardy in America as far north as Connecticut.

Paum (?), v. t. & i. [See Palm to cheat.] To palm off by fraud; to
cheat at cards. [Obs.] Swift.

Paunce (?), n. [See Pansy.] (Bot.) The pansy. "The pretty paunce."
Spenser.

Paunch (?), n. [OF. panch, pance, F. panse, L. pantex, panticis.] 1.
(Anat.) The belly and its contents; the abdomen; also, the first
stomach, or rumen, of ruminants. See Rumen.

2. (Naut.) A paunch mat; -- called also panch.

3. The thickened rim of a bell, struck by the clapper.

Paunch mat (Naut.), a thick mat made of strands of rope, used to
prevent the yard or rigging from chafing.

Paunch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paunched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paunching.]
1. To pierce or rip the belly of; to eviscerate; to disembowel. Shak.

2. To stuff with food. [Obs.] Udall.

Paunch"y (?), a. Pot-bellied. [R.] Dickens.

Paune (?), n. A kind of bread. See Pone.

Pau"per (?), n. [L. See Poor.] A poor person; especially, one
development on private or public charity. Also used adjectively; as,
pouper immigrants, pouper labor.

Pau"per*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. paupÈrisme.] The state of being a pauper;
the state of indigent persons requiring support from the community.
Whatly.

Syn. -- Poverty; indigence; penury; want; need; destitution. See
Poverty.

Pau`per*i*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of reducing to pauperism.
C. Kingsley.

Pau"per*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pauperized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pauperizing (?).] To reduce to pauperism; as, to pauperize the
peasantry.

||Pau*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; small + -poda.] (Zoˆl.)
||An order of small myriapods having only nine pairs of legs and
||destitute of tracheÊ.

Pause (?), n. [F., fr. L. pausa. See Pose.] 1. A temporary stop or
rest; an intermission of action; interruption; suspension; cessation.

2. Temporary inaction or waiting; hesitation; suspence; doubt.

    I stand in pause where I shall first begin.


Shak.

3. In speaking or reading aloud, a brief arrest or suspension of voice,
to indicate the limits and relations of sentences and their parts.

4. In writing and printing, a mark indicating the place and nature of
an arrest of voice in reading; a punctuation point; as, teach the pupil
to mind the pauses.

5. A break or paragraph in writing.

    He writes with warmth, which usually neglects method, and those
    partitions and pauses which men educated in schools observe.


Locke.

6. (Mus.) A hold. See 4th Hold, 7.

Syn. -- Stop; cessation; suspension.

Pause, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pausing.] [Cf.
F. pauser, L. pausare. See Pause, n., Pose.] 1. To make a short stop;
to cease for a time; to intermit speaking or acting; to stop; to wait;
to rest. "Tarry, pause a day or two." Shak.

    Pausing while, thus to herself she mused.


Milton.

2. To be intermitted; to cease; as, the music pauses.

3. To hesitate; to hold back; to delay. [R.]

    Why doth the Jew pause? Take thy forfeiture.


Shak.

4. To stop in order to consider; hence, to consider; to reflect. [R.]
"Take time to pause." Shak.

To pause upon, to deliberate concerning. Shak.

Syn. -- To intermit; stop; stay; wait; delay; tarry; hesitate; demur.

Pause, v. t. To cause to stop or rest; -- used reflexively. [R.] Shak.

Paus"er (?), n. One who pauses. Shak.

Paus"ing*ly, adv. With pauses; haltingly. Shak.

||Paux"i (?), n. [From the native name: cf. Sp. pauji.] (Zoˆl.) A
||curassow (Ourax pauxi), which, in South America, is often
||domesticated.

Pav"age (?), n. [Cf. F. pavage.] See Pavage. [R.]

Pav"an (?), n. [F. pavane; cf. It. & Sp. pavana, and Sp. pavon, pavo, a
peacock, L. pavo.] A stately and formal Spanish dance for which full
state costume is worn; -- so called from the resemblance of its
movements to those of the peacock. [Written also pavane, paven, pavian,
and pavin.]

||Pa`vÈ" (?), n. [F., from paver to pave. See Pave.] The pavement.

||Nymphe du pavÈ (&?;), a prostitute who solicits in the street. [A low
||euphemism.]

Pave (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paving.] [F.
paver to pave, LL. pavare, from L. pavire to beat, ram, or tread down;
cf. Gr. &?; to beat, strike.] 1. To lay or cover with stone, brick, or
other material, so as to make a firm, level, or convenient surface for
horses, carriages, or persons on foot, to travel on; to floor with
brick, stone, or other solid material; as, to pave a street; to pave a
court.

    With silver paved, and all divine with gold.


Dryden.

    To pave thy realm, and smooth the broken ways.


Gay.

2. Fig.: To make smooth, easy, and safe; to prepare, as a path or way;
as, to pave the way to promotion; to pave the way for an enterprise.

    It might open and pave a prepared way to his own title.


Bacon.

Pave"ment (?), n. [F., fr. LL. pavamentum, L. pavimentum. See Pave.]
That with which anythingis paved; a floor or covering of solid
material, laid so as to make a hard and convenient surface for travel;
a paved road or sidewalk; a decorative interior floor of tiles or
colored bricks.

    The riches of heaven's pavement, trodden gold.


Milton.

Pavement teeth (Zoˆl.), flattened teeth which in certain fishes, as the
skates and cestracionts, are arranged side by side, like tiles in a
pavement.

Pave"ment, v. t. To furnish with a pavement; to pave. [Obs.] "How
richly pavemented!" Bp. Hall.

Pav"en (?), n. See Pavan.

Pav"er (?), n. One who paves; one who lays a pavement. [Written also
pavier and pavior.]

Pav`e*sade" (?), n. [F. See Pavise.] A canvas screen, formerly
sometimes extended along the side of a vessel in a naval engagement, to
conceal from the enemy the operations on board.

{ Pa*vese" (?), Pa*vesse" (?) }, n. Pavise. [Obs.]

Pa"vi*age (?), n. (Law) A contribution or a tax for paving streets or
highways. Bouvier.

Pav"i*an (?), n. See Pavan.

Pav"id (?), a. [L. pavidus, from pavere to be afraid.] Timid; fearful.
[R.] Thackeray.

Pa*vid"i*ty (?), n. Timidity. [R.]

Pav"ier (?), n. A paver.

Pa"vi*in (p"v*n), n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in species of the genus
Pavia of the Horse-chestnut family.

Pa*vil"ion (?), n. [F. pavillon, fr. L. pavilio a butterfly, also, a
tent, because spread out like a butterfly's wings.] 1. A temporary
movable habitation; a large tent; a marquee; esp., a tent raised on
posts. "[The] Greeks do pitch their brave pavilions." Shak.

2. (Arch.) A single body or mass of building, contained within simple
walls and a single roof, whether insulated, as in the park or garden of
a larger edifice, or united with other parts, and forming an angle or
central feature of a large pile.

3. (Mil.) A flag, colors, ensign, or banner.

4. (Her.) Same as Tent (Her.)

5. That part of a brilliant which lies between the girdle and collet.
See Illust. of Brilliant.

6. (Anat.) The auricle of the ear; also, the fimbriated extremity of
the Fallopian tube.

7. A covering; a canopy; figuratively, the sky.

    The pavilion of heaven is bare.


Shelley.

Pa*vil"ion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pavilioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pavilioning.] To furnish or cover with, or shelter in, a tent or tents.

    The field pavilioned with his guardians bright.


Milton.

Pav"in (?), n. See Pavan.

Pav"ing (?), n. 1. The act or process of laying a pavement, or covering
some place with a pavement.

2. A pavement.

Pav"ior (?), n. 1. One who paves; a paver.

2. A rammer for driving paving stones.

3. A brick or slab used for paving.

Pa*vise (?), n. [OF. pavaix, F. pavois; cf. It. pavese, LL. pavense;
perh. named from Pavia in Italy.] (Mil. Antiq.) A large shield covering
the whole body, carried by a pavisor, who sometimes screened also an
archer with it. [Written also pavais, pavese, and pavesse.] Fairholt.

Pa*vis"or (?), n. (Mil. Antiq.) A soldier who carried a pavise.

||Pa"vo (?), n. [L., a peacock. See Peacock.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A genus of
||birds, including the peacocks.

2. (Astron.) The Peacock, a constellation of the southern hemisphere.

Pa"von (?), n. A small triangular flag, esp. one attached to a knight's
lance; a pennon.

Pa*vone" (?), n. [Cf. It. pavone, Sp. pavon, fr. L. pavo.] (Zoˆl.) A
peacock. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pa*vo"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to a peacock. [R.] Southey.

Pav"o*nine (?), a. [L. pavoninus, fr. pavo a peacock. See Peacock.] 1.
(Zoˆl.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Pavo.

2. Characteristic of a peacock; resembling the tail of a peacock, as in
colors; iridescent. P. Cleaveland.

Paw (p), n. [OE. pawe, poue, OF. poe: cf. patte, LG. pote, D. poot, G.
pfote.] 1. The foot of a quadruped having claws, as the lion, dog, cat,
etc.

2. The hand. [Jocose] Dryden.

Paw clam (Zoˆl.), the tridacna; - - so called because shaped like an
animal's paw.

Paw, v. i. To draw the forefoot along the ground; to beat or scrape
with the forefoot. Job xxxix. 21.

Paw, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pawing.] 1. To pass
the paw over; to stroke or handle with the paws; hence, to handle
fondly or rudely.

2. To scrape or beat with the forefoot.

    His hot courser pawed the Hungarian plane.


Tickell.

Pawk (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small lobster. Travis.

Paw"ky (?), a. [Cf. AS. pÊcean to deceive.] Arch; cunning; sly. [Scot.]
Jamieson.

Pawl (?), n. [W. pawl a pole, a stake. Cf. Pole a stake.] (Mach.) A
pivoted tongue, or sliding bolt, on one part of a machine, adapted to
fall into notches, or interdental spaces, on another part, as a ratchet
wheel, in such a manner as to permit motion in one direction and
prevent it in the reverse, as in a windlass; a catch, click, or detent.
See Illust. of Ratchet Wheel. [Written also paul, or pall.]

Pawl bitt (Naut.), a heavy timber, set abaft the windlass, to receive
the strain of the pawls. -- Pawl rim or ring (Naut.), a stationary
metallic ring surrounding the base of a capstan, having notches for the
pawls to catch in.

Pawl, v. t. To stop with a pawl; to drop the pawls off.

To pawl the capstan. See under Capstan.

Pawn (?), n. See Pan, the masticatory.

Pawn, n. [OE. paune, poun, OF. peon, poon, F. pion, LL. pedo a foot
soldier, fr. L. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf. Pioneer, Peon.]
(Chess) A man or piece of the lowest rank.

Pawn, n. [OF. pan pledge, assurance, skirt, piece, F. pan skirt,
lappet, piece, from L. pannus. See Pane.] 1. Anything delivered or
deposited as security, as for the payment of money borrowed, or of a
debt; a pledge. See Pledge, n., 1.

    As for mortgaging or pawning, . . . men will not take pawns without
    use [i. e., interest].


Bacon.

2. State of being pledged; a pledge for the fulfillment of a promise.
[R.]

    Redeem from broking pawn the blemish'd crown.


Shak.

    As the morning dew is a pawn of the evening fatness.


Donne.

3. A stake hazarded in a wager. [Poetic]

    My life I never held but as a pawn To wage against thy enemies.


Shak.

In pawn, At pawn, in the state of being pledged. "Sweet wife, my honor
is at pawn." Shak. -- Pawn ticket, a receipt given by the pawnbroker
for an article pledged.

Pawn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pawned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pawning.] 1. To
give or deposit in pledge, or as security for the payment of money
borrowed; to put in pawn; to pledge; as, to pawn one's watch.

    And pawned the last remaining piece of plate.


Dryden.

2. To pledge for the fulfillment of a promise; to stake; to risk; to
wager; to hazard.

    Pawning his honor to obtain his lust.


Shak.

Pawna*ble (?), a. Capable of being pawned.

Pawn"bro`ker (?), n. One who makes a business of lending money on the
security of personal property pledged or deposited in his keeping.

Pawn"bro`king, n. The business of a pawnbroker.

Pawn*ee" (?), n. (Law) One or two whom a pledge is delivered as
security; one who takes anything in pawn.

Paw`nees" (?), n. pl.; sing. Pawnee (&?;). (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians
(called also Loups) who formerly occupied the region of the Platte
river, but now live mostly in the Indian Territory. The term is often
used in a wider sense to include also the related tribes of Rickarees
and Wichitas. Called also Pani.

{ Pawn"er (?), Pawn*or" (?), } n. (Law) One who pawns or pledges
anything as security for the payment of borrowed money or of a debt.

Paw`paw" (?), n. (Bot.) See Papaw.

Pax (?), n. [L. pax peace. See Peace.] 1. (Eccl.) The kiss of peace;
also, the embrace in the sanctuary now substituted for it at High Mass
in Roman Catholic churches.

2. (R. C. Ch.) A tablet or board, on which is a representation of
Christ, of the Virgin Mary, or of some saint and which, in the Mass,
was kissed by the priest and then by the people, in mediÊval times; an
osculatory. It is still used in communities, confraternities, etc.

    Kiss the pax, and be quiet like your neighbors.


Chapman.

Pax"il*lose` (?), a. [L. paxillus a small stake.] (Geol.) Resembling a
little stake.

||Pax*il"lus (?), n.; pl. Paxilli (#). [L., a peg.] (Zoˆl.) One of a
||peculiar kind of spines covering the surface of certain starfishes.
||They are pillarlike, with a flattened summit which is covered with
||minute spinules or granules. See Illustration in Appendix.

Pax"wax` (?), n. [For faxvax, fr. AS. fea&?; hair (akin to OHG. fahs) +
weaxan to grow. See Wax to grow, and cf. Faxed, Pectinate.] (Anat.) The
strong ligament of the back of the neck in quadrupeds. It connects the
back of the skull with dorsal spines of the cervical vertebrÊ, and
helps to support the head. Called also paxywaxy and packwax.

Pax"y*wax`y (?), n. (Anat.) See Paxwax.

Pay (?), v. t. [OF. peier, fr. L. picare to pitch, i&?; pitch: cf. OF.
peiz pitch, F. poix. See Pitch a black substance.] (Naut.) To cover, as
bottom of a vessel, a seam, a spar, etc., with tar or pitch, or
waterproof composition of tallow, resin, etc.; to smear.

Pay, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paying.] [OE. paien,
F. payer, fr. L. pacare to pacify, appease, fr. pax, pacis, peace. See
Peace.] 1. To satisfy, or content; specifically, to satisfy (another
person) for service rendered, property delivered, etc.; to discharge
one's obligation to; to make due return to; to compensate; to
remunerate; to recompense; to requite; as, to pay workmen or servants.

    May no penny ale them pay [i. e., satisfy].


P. Plowman.

    [She] pays me with disdain.


Dryden.

2. Hence, figuratively: To compensate justly; to requite according to
merit; to reward; to punish; to retort or retaliate upon.

    For which, or pay me quickly, or I'll pay you.


B. Jonson.

3. To discharge, as a debt, demand, or obligation, by giving or doing
what is due or required; to deliver the amount or value of to the
person to whom it is owing; to discharge a debt by delivering (money
owed). "Pay me that thou owest." Matt. xviii. 28.

    Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all.


Matt. xviii. 26.

    If they pay this tax, they starve.


Tennyson.

4. To discharge or fulfill, as a duy; to perform or render duty, as
that which has been promised.

    This day have I paid my vows.


Prov. vii. 14.

5. To give or offer, without an implied obligation; as, to pay
attention; to pay a visit.

    Not paying me a welcome.


Shak.

To pay off. (a) To make compensation to and discharge; as, to pay off
the crew of a ship. (b) To allow (a thread, cord, etc.) to run off; to
unwind. -- To pay one's duty, to render homage, as to a sovereign or
other superior. -- To pay out (Naut.), to pass out; hence, to slacken;
to allow to run out; as, to pay out more cable. See under Cable. -- To
pay the piper, to bear the cost, expense, or trouble. [Colloq.]

<! p. 1054 !>

Pay (p), v. i. To give a recompense; to make payment, requital, or
satisfaction; to discharge a debt.

    The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again.


Ps. xxxvii. 21.

2. Hence, to make or secure suitable return for expense or trouble; to
be remunerative or profitable; to be worth the effort or pains
required; as, it will pay to ride; it will pay to wait; politeness
always pays.

To pay for. (a) To make amends for; to atone for; as, men often pay for
their mistakes with loss of property or reputation, sometimes with
life. (b) To give an equivalent for; to bear the expense of; to be
mulcted on account of.

    'T was I paid for your sleeps; I watched your wakings.


Beau. & Fl.

-- To pay off. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) To fall to leeward, as the
head of a vessel under sail. -- To pay on. [Etymol. uncertain.] To beat
with vigor; to redouble blows. [Colloq.] -- To pay round [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Naut.) To turn the ship's head.

Pay, n. 1. Satisfaction; content. Chaucer.

2. An equivalent or return for money due, goods purchased, or services
performed; salary or wages for work or service; compensation;
recompense; payment; hire; as, the pay of a clerk; the pay of a
soldier.

    Where only merit constant pay receives.


Pope.

    There is neither pay nor plunder to be got.


L'Estrange.

Full pay, the whole amount of wages or salary; maximum pay; especially,
the highest pay or allowance to civil or military officers of a certain
rank, without deductions. -- Half pay. See under Half. -- Pay day, the
day of settlement of accounts. -- Pay dirt (Mining), earth which yields
a profit to the miner. [Western U.S.] -- Pay office, a place where
payment is made. -- Pay roll, a roll or list of persons entitled to
payment, with the amounts due.

Pay"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. payable. Cf. Pacable.] 1. That may, can, or
should be paid; suitable to be paid; justly due. Drayton.

    Thanks are a tribute payable by the poorest.


South.

2. (Law) (a) That may be discharged or settled by delivery of value.
(b) Matured; now due.

Pay*ee" (?), n. The person to whom money is to be, or has been, paid;
the person named in a bill or note, to whom, or to whose order, the
amount is promised or directed to be paid. See Bill of exchange, under
Bill.

Pay"en (?), n. & a. Pagan. [F.] [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pay"er (?), n. One who pays; specifically, the person by whom a bill or
note has been, or should be, paid.

Pay"mas`ter (?), n. One who pays; one who compensates, rewards, or
requites; specifically, an officer or agent of a government, a
corporation, or an employer, whose duty it is to pay salaries, wages,
etc., and keep account of the same.

Pay"ment (?), n. [F. payment, paiement. See Pay to requite.] 1. The act
of paying, or giving compensation; the discharge of a debt or an
obligation.

    No man envieth the payment of a debt.


Bacon.

2. That which is paid; the thing given in discharge of a debt, or an
obligation, or in fulfillment of a promise; reward; recompense;
requital; return. Shak.

3. Punishment; chastisement. [R.]

Payn (?), n. [OF. & F. pain, fr. L. panis bread.] Bread. Having Piers
Plowman.

Payn`de*main" (?), n. [OF. pain bread + demaine manorial, lordly, own,
private. See Payn, and Demesne. Said to be so called from the figure of
our Lord impressed upon it.] The finest and whitest bread made in the
Middle Ages; -- called also paynemain, payman. [Obs.]

Pay"nim (?), n. & a. See Painim.

Payn"ize (?), v. t. [From Mr. Payne, the inventor.] To treat or
preserve, as wood, by a process resembling kyanizing.

Pay*or" (?), n. (Law) See Payer. [R.]

Payse (?), v. t. To poise. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pay"tine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from a white bark
resembling that of the cinchona, first brought from Payta, in Peru.

Pea (?), n. [OF. peis. See Poise.] The sliding weight on a steelyard.
[Written also pee.]

Pea, n. (Naut.) See Peak, n., 3.

Pea, n.; pl. Peas (#) or Pease (#). [OE. pese, fr. AS. pisa, or OF.
peis, F. pois; both fr. L. pisum; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;. The final s was
misunderstood in English as a plural ending. Cf. Pease.] 1. (Bot.) A
plant, and its fruit, of the genus Pisum, of many varieties, much
cultivated for food. It has a papilionaceous flower, and the pericarp
is a legume, popularly called a pod.

When a definite number, more than one, is spoken of, the plural form
peas is used; as, the pod contained nine peas; but, in a collective
sense, the form pease is preferred; as, a bushel of pease; they had
pease at dinner. This distinction is not always preserved, the form
peas being used in both senses.

2. A name given, especially in the Southern States, to the seed of
several leguminous plants (species of Dolichos, Cicer, Abrus, etc.)
esp. those having a scar (hilum) of a different color from the rest of
the seed.

The name pea is given to many leguminous plants more or less closely
related to the common pea. See the Phrases, below.

Beach pea (Bot.), a seashore plant, Lathyrus maritimus. -- Black-eyed
pea, a West Indian name for Dolichos sphÊrospermus and its seed. --
Butterfly pea, the American plant Clitoria Mariana, having showy
blossoms. -- Chick pea. See Chick-pea. -- Egyptian pea. Same as
Chick-pea. -- Everlasting pea. See under Everlasting. -- Glory pea. See
under Glory, n. -- Hoary pea, any plant of the genus Tephrosia; goat's
rue. -- Issue pea, Orris pea. (Med.) See under Issue, and Orris. --
Milk pea. (Bot.) See under Milk. -- Pea berry, a kind of a coffee bean
or grain which grows single, and is round or pea-shaped; often used
adjectively; as, pea-berry coffee. -- Pea bug. (Zoˆl.) Same as Pea
weevil. -- Pea coal, a size of coal smaller than nut coal. -- Pea crab
(Zoˆl.), any small crab of the genus Pinnotheres, living as a commensal
in bivalves; esp., the European species (P. pisum) which lives in the
common mussel and the cockle. -- Pea dove (Zoˆl.), the American ground
dove. -- Pea-flower tribe (Bot.), a suborder (PapilionaceÊ) of
leguminous plants having blossoms essentially like that of the pea. G.
Bentham. -- Pea maggot (Zoˆl.), the larva of a European moth (Tortrix
pisi), which is very destructive to peas. -- Pea ore (Min.),
argillaceous oxide of iron, occurring in round grains of a size of a
pea; pisolitic ore. -- Pea starch, the starch or flour of the common
pea, which is sometimes used in adulterating wheat flour, pepper, etc.
-- Pea tree (Bot.), the name of several leguminous shrubs of the genus
Caragana, natives of Siberia and China. -- Pea vine. (Bot.) (a) Any
plant which bears peas. (b) A kind of vetch or tare, common in the
United States (Lathyrus Americana, and other similar species). -- Pea
weevil (Zoˆl.), a small weevil (Bruchus pisi) which destroys peas by
eating out the interior. -- Pigeon pea. (Bot.) See Pigeon pea. -- Sweet
pea (Bot.), the annual plant Lathyrus odoratus; also, its many-colored,
sweet-scented blossoms.

Pea"bird` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The wryneck; -- so called from its note.
[Prov. Eng.]

Pea"bod*y bird` (?). (Zoˆl.) An American sparrow (Zonotrichia
albicollis) having a conspicuous white throat. The name is imitative of
its note. Called also White- throated sparrow.

Peace (?), n. [OE. pees, pais, OF. pais, paiz, pes, F. paix, L. pax,
pacis, akin to pacere, paciscere, pacisci, to make an agreement, and
prob. also pangere to fasten. Cf. Appease, Fair, a., Fay, v., Fang,
Pacify, Pact, Pay to requite.] A state of quiet or tranquillity;
freedom from disturbance or agitation; calm; repose; specifically: (a)
Exemption from, or cessation of, war with public enemies. (b) Public
quiet, order, and contentment in obedience to law. (c) Exemption from,
or subjection of, agitating passions; tranquillity of mind or
conscience. (d) Reconciliation; agreement after variance; harmony;
concord. "The eternal love and pees." Chaucer.

Peace is sometimes used as an exclamation in commanding silence, quiet,
or order. "Peace! foolish woman." Shak.

At peace, in a state of peace. -- Breach of the peace. See under
Breach. -- Justice of the peace. See under Justice. -- Peace of God.
(Law) (a) A term used in wills, indictments, etc., as denoting a state
of peace and good conduct. (b) (Theol.) The peace of heart which is the
gift of God. -- Peace offering. (a) (Jewish Antiq.) A voluntary
offering to God in token of devout homage and of a sense of friendly
communion with Him. (b) A gift or service offered as satisfaction to an
offended person. -- Peace officer, a civil officer whose duty it is to
preserve the public peace, to prevent riots, etc., as a sheriff or
constable. -- To hold one's peace, to be silent; to refrain from
speaking. -- To make one's peace with, to reconcile one with, to plead
one's cause with, or to become reconciled with, another. "I will make
your peace with him." Shak.

Peace, v. t. & i. To make or become quiet; to be silent; to stop. [R.]
"Peace your tattlings." Shak.

    When the thunder would not peace at my bidding.


Shak.

Peace"a*ble (?), a. [OE. peisible, F. paisible.] Begin in or at peace;
tranquil; quiet; free from, or not disposed to, war, disorder, or
excitement; not quarrelsome. -- Peace"a*ble*ness, n. -- Peace"a*bly,
adv.

Syn. -- Peaceful; pacific; tranquil; quiet; mild; undisturbed; serene;
still. -- Peaceable, Peaceful. Peaceable describes the state of an
individual, nation, etc., in reference to external hostility, attack,
etc.; peaceful, in respect to internal disturbance. The former denotes
"in the spirit of peace;" latter; "in the possession or enjoyment of
peace." A peaceable adjustment of difficulties; a peaceful life, scene.

Peace"break`er (?), n. One who disturbs the public peace. --
Peace"break`ing, n.

Peace"ful (?), a. 1. Possessing or enjoying peace; not disturbed by
war, tumult, agitation, anxiety, or commotion; quiet; tranquil; as, a
peaceful time; a peaceful country; a peaceful end.

2. Not disposed or tending to war, tumult or agitation; pacific; mild;
calm; peaceable; as, peaceful words.

Syn. -- See Peaceable.

--Peace"ful*ly, adv.. -- Peace"ful*ness, n.

Peace"less, a. Without peace; disturbed. Sandys.

Peace"mak`er (?), n. One who makes peace by reconciling parties that
are at variance. Matt. v. 9.

--Peace"mak`ing, n.

Peach (?), v. t. [See Appeach, Impeach.] To accuse of crime; to inform
against. [Obs.] Foxe.

Peach, v. i. To turn informer; to betray one's accomplice. [Obs. or
Colloq.]

    If I be ta'en, I'll peach for this.


Shak.

Peach (?), n. [OE. peche, peshe, OF. pesche, F. pÍche, fr. LL. persia,
L. Persicum (sc. malum) a Persian apple, a peach. Cf. Persian, and
Parsee.] (Bot.) A well-known high-flavored juicy fruit, containing one
or two seeds in a hard almond-like endocarp or stone; also, the tree
which bears it (Prunus, or Amygdalus Persica). In the wild stock the
fruit is hard and inedible.

Guinea, or Sierra Leone, peach, the large edible berry of the
Sarcocephalus esculentus, a rubiaceous climbing shrub of west tropical
Africa. -- Palm peach, the fruit of a Venezuelan palm tree (Bactris
speciosa). -- Peach color, the pale red color of the peach blossom. --
Peach-tree borer (Zoˆl.), the larva of a clearwing moth (∆geria, or
Sannina, exitiosa) of the family ∆geriidÊ, which is very destructive to
peach trees by boring in the wood, usually near the ground; also, the
moth itself. See Illust. under Borer.

Peach"-col`ored (?), a. Of the color of a peach blossom. "Peach-colored
satin." Shak.

Peach"er (?), n. One who peaches. [Low] Foxe.

Pea"chick` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The chicken of the peacock.

Peach"y (?), a. Resembling a peach or peaches.

Pea"cock` (?), n. [OE. pecok. Pea- in this word is from AS. pe·, pwa,
peacock, fr. L. pavo, prob. of Oriental origin; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, Per.
tus, twus, Ar. twu&?;s. See Cock the bird.] 1. (Zoˆl.) The male of any
pheasant of the genus Pavo, of which at least two species are known,
native of Southern Asia and the East Indies.

The upper tail coverts, which are long and capable of erection, are
each marked with a black spot bordered by concentric bands of brilliant
blue, green, and golden colors. The common domesticated species is Pavo
cristatus. The Javan peacock (P. muticus) is more brilliantly colored
than the common species.

2. In common usage, the species in general or collectively; a peafowl.

Peacock butterfly (Zoˆl.), a handsome European butterfly (Hamadryas Io)
having ocelli like those of peacock. -- Peacock fish (Zoˆl.), the
European blue-striped wrasse (Labrus variegatus); -- so called on
account of its brilliant colors. Called also cook wrasse and cook. --
Peacock pheasant (Zoˆl.), any one of several species of handsome
Asiatic pheasants of the genus Polyplectron. They resemble the peacock
in color.

Pea"fowl` (?), n. [See Peacock.] (Zoˆl.) The peacock or peahen; any
species of Pavo.

Pe"age (?), n. See Paage.

Pea"grit` (?), n. (Min.) A coarse pisolitic limestone. See Pisolite.

Pea"hen` (?), n. [See Peacock.] (Zoˆl.) The hen or female peafowl.

Pea"-jack`et (?), n. [Prob. fr. D. pij, pije, a coat of a coarse woolen
stuff.] A thick loose woolen jacket, or coat, much worn by sailors in
cold weather.

Peak (?), n. [OE. pek, AS. peac, perh of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. peac a
sharp- pointed thing. Cf. Pike.] 1. A point; the sharp end or top of
anything that terminates in a point; as, the peak, or front, of a cap.
"Run your beard into a peak." Beau. & Fl.

2. The top, or one of the tops, of a hill, mountain, or range, ending
in a point; often, the whole hill or mountain, esp. when isolated; as,
the Peak of Teneriffe.

    Silent upon a peak in Darien.


Keats.

3. (Naut.) (a) The upper aftermost corner of a fore-and-aft sail; --
used in many combinations; as, peak-halyards, peak-brails, etc. (b) The
narrow part of a vessel's bow, or the hold within it. (c) The extremity
of an anchor fluke; the bill. [In the last sense written also pea and
pee.]

Fore peak. (Naut.) See under Fore.

Peak, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peaking.] 1. To
rise or extend into a peak or point; to form, or appear as, a peak.

    There peaketh up a mighty high mount.


Holand.

2. To acquire sharpness of figure or features; hence, to look thin or
sicky. "Dwindle, peak, and pine." Shak.

3. [Cf. Peek.] To pry; to peep slyly. Shak.

Peak arch (Arch.), a pointed or Gothic arch.

Peak, v. t. (Naut.) To raise to a position perpendicular, or more
nearly so; as, to peak oars, to hold them upright; to peak a gaff or
yard, to set it nearer the perpendicular.

Peaked (?), a. 1. Pointed; ending in a point; as, a peaked roof.

2. (Oftener &?;) Sickly; not robust. [Colloq.]

<! p. 1055 !>

Peak"ing (?), a. 1. Mean; sneaking. [Vulgar]

2. Pining; sickly; peakish. [Colloq.]

Peak"ish, a. 1. Of or relating to a peak; or to peaks; belonging to a
mountainous region. "Her peakish spring." Drayton. "His peakish
dialect." Bp. Hall.

2. Having peaks; peaked.

3. Having features thin or sharp, as from sickness; hence, sickly.
[Colloq.]

Peak"y (?), a. 1. Having a peak or peaks. Tennyson.

2. Sickly; peaked. [Colloq.]

Peal (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) A small salmon; a grilse; a
sewin. [Prov. Eng.]

Peal, v. i. To appeal. [Obs.] Spencer.

Peal, n. [An abbrev. of F. appel a call, appeal, ruffle of a drum, fr.
appeller to call, L. appellare. See Appeal.] 1. A loud sound, or a
succession of loud sounds, as of bells, thunder, cannon, shouts, of a
multitude, etc. "A fair peal of artillery." Hayward.

    Whether those peals of praise be his or no.


Shak.

    And a deep thunder, peal on peal, afar.


Byron.

2. A set of bells tuned to each other according to the diatonic scale;
also, the changes rung on a set of bells.

To ring a peal. See under Ring.

Peal, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pealed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pealing.] 1. To
utter or give out loud sounds.

    There let the pealing organ blow.


Milton.

2. To resound; to echo.

    And the whole air pealed With the cheers of our men.


Longfellow.

Peal, v. t. 1. To utter or give forth loudly; to cause to give out loud
sounds; to noise abroad.

    The warrior's name, Though pealed and chimed on all the tongues of
    fame.


J. Barlow.

2. To assail with noise or loud sounds.

    Nor was his ear less pealed.


Milton.

3. To pour out. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Pean (?), n. [OF. pene, F. panne.] (Her.) One of the furs, the ground
being sable, and the spots or tufts or.

Pe"an (?), n. A song of praise and triumph. See PÊan.

Pe"an*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to chant the pÊan.] The song or
shout of praise, of battle, or of triumph. [R.]

Pea"nut (?), n. (Bot.) The fruit of a trailing leguminous plant
(Arachis hypogÊa); also, the plant itself, which is widely cultivated
for its fruit.

The fruit is a hard pod, usually containing two or three seeds,
sometimes but one, which ripen beneath the soil. Called also earthnut,
groundnut, and goober.

Pear (p‚r), n. [OE. pere, AS. peru, L. pirum: cf. F. poire. Cf. Perry.]
(Bot.) The fleshy pome, or fruit, of a rosaceous tree (Pyrus communis),
cultivated in many varieties in temperate climates; also, the tree
which bears this fruit. See Pear family, below.

Pear blight. (a) (Bot.) A name of two distinct diseases of pear trees,
both causing a destruction of the branches, viz., that caused by a
minute insect (Xyleborus pyri), and that caused by the freezing of the
sap in winter. A. J. Downing. (b) (Zoˆl.) A very small beetle
(Xyleborus pyri) whose larvÊ bore in the twigs of pear trees and cause
them to wither. -- Pear family (Bot.), a suborder of rosaceous plants
(PomeÊ), characterized by the calyx tube becoming fleshy in fruit, and,
combined with the ovaries, forming a pome. It includes the apple, pear,
quince, service berry, and hawthorn. -- Pear gauge (Physics), a kind of
gauge for measuring the exhaustion of an air-pump receiver; -- so
called because consisting in part of a pear-shaped glass vessel. --
Pear shell (Zoˆl.), any marine gastropod shell of the genus Pyrula,
native of tropical seas; -- so called from the shape. -- Pear slug
(Zoˆl.), the larva of a sawfly which is very injurious to the foliage
of the pear tree.

Pearch (?), n. [Obs.] See Perch.

Pearl (?), n. A fringe or border. [Obs.] -- v. t. To fringe; to border.
[Obs.] See Purl.

Pearl stitch. See Purl stitch, under Purl.

Pearl, n. [OE. perle, F. perle, LL. perla, perula, probably fr.
(assumed) L. pirulo, dim. of L. pirum a pear. See Pear, and cf. Purl to
mantle.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A shelly concretion, usually rounded, and having a
brilliant luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle, or between
the mantle and shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the
pearl oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves. It
is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance around some
irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as nacre, or
mother-of- pearl. Pearls which are round, or nearly round, and of fine
luster, are highly esteemed as jewels, and compare in value with the
precious stones.

2. Hence, figuratively, something resembling a pearl; something very
precious.

    I see thee compassed with thy kingdom's pearl.


Shak.

    And those pearls of dew she wears.


Milton.

3. Nacre, or mother-of-pearl.

4. (Zoˆl.) A fish allied to the turbot; the brill.

5. (Zoˆl.) A light-colored tern.

6. (Zoˆl.) One of the circle of tubercles which form the bur on a
deer's antler.

7. A whitish speck or film on the eye. [Obs.] Milton.

8. A capsule of gelatin or similar substance containing some liquid for
medicinal application, as ether.

9. (Print.) A size of type, between agate and diamond.

This line is printed in the type called pearl.

Ground pearl. (Zoˆl.) See under Ground. -- Pearl barley, kernels of
barley, ground so as to form small, round grains. -- Pearl diver, one
who dives for pearl oysters. -- Pearl edge, an edge of small loops on
the side of some kinds of ribbon; also, a narrow kind of thread edging
to be sewed on lace. -- Pearl eye, cataract. [R.] -- Pearl gray, a very
pale and delicate blue-gray color. -- Pearl millet, Egyptian millet
(Penicillaria spicata). -- Pearl moss. See Carrageen. -- Pearl moth
(Zoˆl.), any moth of the genus Margaritia; -- so called on account of
its pearly color. -- Pearl oyster (Zoˆl.), any one of several species
of large tropical marine bivalve mollusks of the genus Meleagrina, or
Margaritifera, found in the East Indies (especially at Ceylon), in the
Persian Gulf, on the coast of Australia, and on the Pacific coast of
America. Called also pearl shell, and pearl mussel. -- Pearl powder.
See Pearl white, below. -- Pearl sago, sago in the form of small pearly
grains. -- Pearl sinter (Min.), fiorite. -- Pearl spar (Min.), a
crystallized variety of dolomite, having a pearly luster. -- Pearl
white. (a) Basic bismuth nitrate, or bismuth subchloride; -- used
chiefly as a cosmetic. (b) A variety of white lead blued with indigo or
Berlin blue.

Pearl (?), a. Of or pertaining to pearl or pearls; made of pearls, or
of mother-of-pearl.

Pearl, v. t. 1. To set or adorn with pearls, or with mother-of-pearl.
Used also figuratively.

2. To cause to resemble pearls; to make into small round grains; as, to
pearl barley.

Pearl, v. i. 1. To resemble pearl or pearls.

2. To give or hunt for pearls; as, to go pearling.

Pearl*a"ceous (?), a. Resembling pearl or mother-of-pearl; pearly in
quality or appearance.

Pearl"ash` (?), n. (Chem.) A white amorphous or granular substance
which consists principally of potassium carbonate, and has a strong
alkaline reaction. It is obtained by lixiviating wood ashes, and
evaporating the lye, and has been an important source of potassium
compounds. It is used in making soap, glass, etc.

Pearl"-eyed` (?), a. Having a pearly speck in the eye; afflicted with
the cataract.

Pearl"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any fish whose scales yield a pearl-like
pigment used in manufacturing artificial pearls, as the bleak, and
whitebait.

{ Pearl"ins (?), Pearl"ings (?), } n. pl. [Prob. a corruption of
purflings. See Purfle.] A kind of lace of silk or thread. [Scot.] Sir
W. Scott.

{ Pearl"ite (?), Pearl"stone` (?), } n. (Min.) A glassy volcanic rock
of a grayish color and pearly luster, often having a spherulitic
concretionary structure due to the curved cracks produced by
contraction in cooling. See Illust. under Perlitic.

Pearl"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several species of Sagina,
low and inconspicuous herbs of the Chickweed family.

Pearl"y (?), a. 1. Containing pearls; abounding with, or yielding,
pearls; as, pearly shells. Milton.

2. Resembling pearl or pearls; clear; pure; transparent; iridescent;
as, the pearly dew or flood.

Pear"main (?), n. (Bot.) The name of several kinds of apples; as, the
blue pearmain, winter pearmain, and red pearmain.

Pear"-shaped` (?), a. Of the form of a pear.

Peart (?), a. [A variant of pert, a.] Active; lively; brisk; smart; --
often applied to convalescents; as, she is quite peart to-day. [O. Eng.
& Colloq. U. S.]

    There was a tricksy girl, I wot, albeit clad in gray, As peart as
    bird, as straight as bolt, as fresh as flowers in May.


Warner (1592).

Peas"ant (?), n. [OF. paÔsant (the i being perh. due to confusion with
the p. pr. of verbs), paÔsan, F. paysan, fr. OF. & F. pays country, fr.
L. pagus the country. See Pagan.] A countryman; a rustic; especially,
one of the lowest class of tillers of the soil in European countries.

Syn. -- Countryman; rustic; swain; hind.

Peas"ant, a. Rustic, rural. Spenser.

Peas"ant*like` (?), a. Rude; clownish; illiterate.

Peas"ant*ly, a. Peasantlike. [Obs.] Milton.

Peas"ant*ry (?), n. 1. Peasants, collectively; the body of rustics. "A
bold peasantry." Goldsmith.

2. Rusticity; coarseness. [Obs.] p. Butler.

Peas"cod` (?), n. The legume or pericarp, or the pod, of the pea.

Pease (?), n.; obs.pl. Peases (#), Peasen (#). [See Pea.] 1. A pea.
[Obs.] "A peose." "Bread . . . of beans and of peses." Piers Plowman.

2. A plural form of Pea. See the Note under Pea.

Pea"stone` (?), n. (Min.) Pisolite.

Peas"weep` (?), n. [So called from its note.] [Prov. Eng.] (Zoˆl.) (a)
The pewit, or lapwing. (b) The greenfinch.

Peat (?), n. [Cf. Pet a fondling.] A small person; a pet; -- sometimes
used contemptuously. [Obs.] Shak.

Peat, n. [Prob. for beat, prop., material used to make the fire burn
better, fr. AS. b&?;tan to better, mend (a fire), b&?;t advantage. See
Better, Boot advantage.] A substance of vegetable origin, consisting of
roots and fibers, moss, etc., in various stages of decomposition, and
found, as a kind of turf or bog, usually in low situations, where it is
always more or less saturated with water. It is often dried and used
for fuel.

Peat bog, a bog containing peat; also, peat as it occurs in such
places; peat moss. -- Peat moss. (a) The plants which, when decomposed,
become peat. (b) A fen producing peat. (c) (Bot.) Moss of the genus
Sphagnum, which often grows abundantly in boggy or peaty places. --
Peat reek, the reek or smoke of peat; hence, also, the peculiar flavor
given to whisky by being distilled with peat as fuel. [Scot.]

Peat"y (?), a. Composed of peat; abounding in peat; resembling peat.

Pe"ba (?), n. [Cf. Pg. peba.] (Zoˆl.) An armadillo (Tatusia
novemcincta) which is found from Texas to Paraguay; -- called also
tatouhou.

Peb"ble (?), n. [AS. papolstn; cf. L. papula pimple, mote. See Stone.]
1. A small roundish stone or bowlder; especially, a stone worn and
rounded by the action of water; a pebblestone. "The pebbles on the
hungry beach." Shak.

    As children gathering pebbles on the shore.


Milton.

2. Transparent and colorless rock crystal; as, Brazilian pebble; -- so
called by opticians.

Pebble powder, slow-burning gunpowder, in large cubical grains. --
Scotch pebble, varieties of quartz, as agate, chalcedony, etc.,
obtained from cavities in amygdaloid.

Peb"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pebbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Pebbling.] To
grain (leather) so as to produce a surface covered with small rounded
prominences.

Peb"bled (?), a. Abounding in pebbles. Thomson.

Peb"ble*stone` (?). A pebble; also, pebbles collectively. "Chains of
pebblestone." Marlowe.

Peb"bly (?), a. Full of pebbles; pebbled. "A hard, pebbly bottom."
Johnson.

||Pe`brine" (?), n. [F.] An epidemic disease of the silkworm,
||characterized by the presence of minute vibratory corpuscles in the
||blood.

Pe*can" (?), n. [Cf. F. pacane the nut.] (Bot.) A species of hickory
(Carya olivÊformis), growing in North America, chiefly in the
Mississippi valley and in Texas, where it is one of the largest of
forest trees; also, its fruit, a smooth, oblong nut, an inch or an inch
and a half long, with a thin shell and well-flavored meat. [Written
also pacane.]

Pec"a*ry (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Peccary.

Pec`ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being peccable;
lability to sin.

    The common peccability of mankind.


Dr. H. More.

Pec"ca*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. peccable. See Peccant.] Liable to sin;
subject to transgress the divine law. "A frail and peccable mortal."
Sir W. Scott.

Pec`ca*dil"lo (?), n.; pl. Peccadillos (#). [Sp. pecadillo, dim. of
pecado a sin, fr. L. peccatum. See Peccant.] A slight trespass or
offense; a petty crime or fault. Sir W. Scott.

Pec"can*cy (?), n. [L. peccantia.] 1. The quality or state of being
peccant.

2. A sin; an offense. W. Montagu.

Pec"cant (?), a. [L. peccans, -antis, p. pr. of peccare to sin: cf. F.
peccant.] 1. Sinning; guilty of transgression; criminal; as, peccant
angels. Milton.

2. Morbid; corrupt; as, peccant humors. Bacon.

3. Wrong; defective; faulty. [R.] Ayliffe.

Pec"cant, n. An offender. [Obs.] Whitlock.

Pec"cant*ly, adv. In a peccant manner.

Pec"ca*ry (?), n.; pl. Peccaries (#). [From the native South American
name: cf. F. pÈcari, Sp. pecar.] (Zoˆl.) A pachyderm of the genus
Dicotyles.

The collared peccary, or tajacu (Dicotyles torquatus), is about the
size and shape of a small hog, and has a white ring aroung the neck. It
ranges from Arkansas to Brazil. A larger species (D. labiatus), with
white cheeks, is found in South America.

||Pec*ca"vi (?). [L.] I have sinned; -- used colloquially to express
||confession or acknowledgment of an offense. Aubrey.

Pec"co (?), n. See Pekoe.

Peck, n. [Perh. akin to pack; or, orig., an indefinite quantity, and
fr. peck, v. (below): cf. also F. picotin a peak.] 1. The fourth part
of a bushel; a dry measure of eight quarts; as, a peck of wheat. "A
peck of provender." Shak.

2. A great deal; a large or excessive quantity. "A peck of
uncertainties and doubts." Milton.

Peck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pecked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pecking.] [See
Pick, v.] 1. To strike with the beak; to thrust the beak into; as, a
bird pecks a tree.

2. Hence: To strike, pick, thrust against, or dig into, with a pointed
instrument; especially, to strike, pick, etc., with repeated quick
movements.

3. To seize and pick up with the beak, or as with the beak; to bite; to
eat; -- often with up. Addison.

    This fellow pecks up wit as pigeons peas.


Shak.

4. To make, by striking with the beak or a pointed instrument; as, to
peck a hole in a tree.

Peck, v. i. 1. To make strokes with the beak, or with a pointed
instrument. Carew.

2. To pick up food with the beak; hence, to eat.

    [The hen] went pecking by his side.


Dryden.

To peck at, to attack with petty and repeated blows; to carp at; to
nag; to tease.

<! p. 1056 !>

Peck (?), n. A quick, sharp stroke, as with the beak of a bird or a
pointed instrument.

Peck"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, pecks; specif., a bird that
pecks holes in trees; a woodpecker.

2. An instrument for pecking; a pick. Garth.

Flower pecker. (Zoˆl.) See under Flower.

Peck"ish, a. Inclined to eat; hungry. [Colloq.] "When shall I feel
peckish again?" Beaconsfield.

Pec"kled (?), a. Speckled; spotted. [Obs.]

||Pe*cop"te*ris (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to comb + &?; a kind of
||fern.] (Paleon.) An extensive genus of fossil ferns; -- so named from
||the regular comblike arrangement of the leaflets.

||Pec"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pecus. See Pecuniary.] (Zoˆl.) An
||extensive division of ruminants, including the antelopes, deer, and
||cattle.

Pec"tate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pectic acid.

Pec"ten (?), n. [L. pecten, - inis, a comb, a kind of shellfish. See
Pectinate.] 1. (Anat.) (a) A vascular pigmented membrane projecting
into the vitreous humor within the globe of the eye in birds, and in
many reptiles and fishes; -- also called marsupium. (b) The pubic bone.

2. (Zoˆl.) Any species of bivalve mollusks of the genus Pecten, and
numerous allied genera (family PectinidÊ); a scallop. See Scallop.

3. (Zoˆl.) The comb of a scorpion. See Comb, 4 (b).

Pec"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; curdled.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to pectin;
specifically, designating an acid obtained from ordinary vegetable
jelly (pectin) as an amorphous substance, tough and horny when dry, but
gelatinous when moist.

Pec"tin (?), n. [Gr. &?; curdled, congealed, from &?; to make fast or
stiff: cf. F. pectine.] (Chem.) One of a series of carbohydrates,
commonly called vegetable jelly, found very widely distributed in the
vegetable kingdom, especially in ripe fleshy fruits, as apples,
cranberries, etc. It is extracted as variously colored, translucent
substances, which are soluble in hot water but become viscous on
cooling.

Pec"ti*nal (?), a. [L. pecten comb. See Pectinate.] Of or pertaining to
a comb; resembling a comb.

Pec"ti*nal, n. A fish whose bone&?; resemble comb teeth. Sir T. Browne.

{ Pec"ti*na`te (?), Pec"ti*na`ted (?), } a. [L. pectinatus, p. pr. of
pectinare to comb, from pecten, -inis, a comb; cf. Gr. &?; to comb, AS.
feax hair, OHG. fahs, E. paxwax.] 1. Resembling the teeth of a comb.

2. (Nat. Hist.) Having very narrow, close divisions, in arrangement and
regularity resembling those of a comb; comblike; as, a pectinate leaf;
pectinated muscles. See Illust. (e) of AntennÊ.

3. Interlaced, like two combs. [R.] "Our fingers pectinated, or shut
together." Sir T. Browne.

Pectinate claw (Zoˆl.), a claw having a serrate edge, found in some
birds, and supposed to be used in cleaning the feathers.

Pec"ti*nate*ly (?), adv. In a pectinate manner.

Pec`ti*na"tion (?), n. 1. The state of being pectinated; that which is
pectinated. Sir T. Browne.

2. The act of combing; the combing of the head.

3. (Nat. Hist.) Comblike toothing.

Pec*tin"e*al (?), a. [See Pecten.] (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to the
pecten. (b) Relating to, or connected with, the pubic bone.

Pec*tin"i*branch (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Pectinibranchiata. Also
used adjectively.

||Pec`ti*ni*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pecten, and Branchia.]
||(Zoˆl.) A division of Gastropoda, including those that have a
||comblike gill upon the neck.

Pec`ti*ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [L. pecten, -inis, a comb + E.
branchiate.] (Zoˆl.) Having pectinated gills.

Pec*tin"i*form (?), a. Comblike in form.

Pec*tize" (?), v. i. [Gr. &?; solid.] To congeal; to change into a
gelatinous mass. [R.] H. Spencer.

Pec"to*lite (?), n. [L. pecten a comb + -lite.] (Min.) A whitish
mineral occurring in radiated or fibrous crystalline masses. It is a
hydrous silicate of lime and soda.

Pec"to*ral (?), a. [L. pectoralis, fr. pectus, -oris the breast; cf. F.
pectoral.] 1. Of or pertaining to the breast, or chest; as, the
pectoral muscles.

2. Relating to, or good for, diseases of the chest or lungs; as, a
pectoral remedy.

3. (Zoˆl.) Having the breast conspicuously colored; as, the pectoral
sandpiper.

Pectoral arch, or Pectoral girdle (Anat.), the two or more bony or
cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the fore limbs
are articulated; the shoulder girdle. In man it consists of two bones,
the scapula and clavicle, on each side. -- Pectorial cross (Eccl.), a
cross worn on the breast by bishops and abbots, and sometimes also by
canons. - - Pectorial fins, or Pectorials (Zoˆl.), fins situated on the
sides, behind the gills. See Illust. under Fin. -- Pectorial rail.
(Zoˆl.) See Land rail (b) under Land. -- Pectorial sandpiper (Zoˆl.),
the jacksnipe (b).

Pec"to*ral (?), n. [L. pectorale a breastplate, neut. of pectorials.]
1. A covering or protecting for the breast.

2. (Eccl.) (a) A breastplate, esp. that worn by the Jewish high person.
(b) A clasp or a cross worn on the breast.

3. A medicine for diseases of the chest organs, especially the lungs.

Pec"to*ral*ly (?), adv. As connected with the breast.

Pec`to*ri*lo"qui*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pectoriloque.] Pertaining to, or of
the nature of, pectoriloquy.

Pec`to*ril"o*quism (?), n. Pectoriloquy.

Pec`to*ril"o*quous (?), a. Pectoriloquial.

Pec`to*ril"o*quy (?), n. [L. pectus, -oris, the breast + loqui to
speak: cf. F. pectoriloquie.] (Med.) The distinct articulation of the
sounds of a patient's voice, heard on applying the ear to the chest in
auscultation. It usually indicates some morbid change in the lungs or
pleural cavity.

Pec"tose` (?), n. [Pectic + cellulose.] (Chem.) An amorphous
carbohydrate found in the vegetable kingdom, esp. in unripe fruits. It
is associated with cellulose, and is converted into substances of the
pectin group.

Pec*to"sic (?), a. (Chem.)Of, pertaining to, resembling, or derived
from, pectose; specifically, designating an acid supposed to constitute
largely ordinary pectin or vegetable jelly.

||Pec*tos"tra*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; fixed + &?; shell of a
||testacean.] (Zoˆl.) A degenerate order of Crustacea, including the
||Rhizocephala and Cirripedia.

Pec"tous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, pectose.

||Pec"tus (?), n.; pl. Pectora (#). [L., the breast.] (Zoˆl.) The
||breast of a bird.

Pec"ul (?), n. See Picul.

Pec"u*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Peculating.] [L. peculatus, p. p. of peculari to peculate, akin to
peculium private property. See Peculiar.] To appropriate to one's own
use the property of the public; to steal public moneys intrusted to
one's care; to embezzle.

    An oppressive, . . . rapacious, and peculating despotism.


Burke.

Pec`u*la"tion (?), n. The act or practice of peculating, or of
defrauding the public by appropriating to one's own use the money or
goods intrusted to one's care for management or disbursement;
embezzlement.

    Every British subject . . . active in the discovery of peculations
    has been ruined.


Burke.

Pec"u*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who peculates. "Peculators of the public
gold." Cowper.

Pe*cul"iar (?), a. [L. peculiaris, fr. peculium private property, akin
to pecunia money: cf. OF. peculier. See Pecuniary.] 1. One's own;
belonging solely or especially to an individual; not possessed by
others; of private, personal, or characteristic possession and use; not
owned in common or in participation.

    And purify unto himself a peculiar people.


Titus ii. 14.

    Hymns . . . that Christianity hath peculiar unto itself.


Hooker.

2. Particular; individual; special; appropriate.

    While each peculiar power forgoes his wonted seat.


Milton.

    My fate is Juno's most peculiar care.


Dryden.

3. Unusual; singular; rare; strange; as, the sky had a
peculiarappearance.

Syn. -- Peculiar, Special, Especial. Peculiar is from the Roman
peculium, which was a thing emphatically and distinctively one's own,
and hence was dear. The former sense always belongs to peculiar (as, a
peculiar style, peculiar manners, etc.), and usually so much of the
latter as to involve feelings of interest; as, peculiar care,
watchfulness, satisfaction, etc. Nothing of this kind belongs to
special and especial. They mark simply the relation of species to
genus, and denote that there is something in this case more than
ordinary; as, a special act of Congress; especial pains, etc.

    Beauty, which, either walking or asleep, Shot forth peculiar
    graces.


Milton.

    For naught so vile that on the earth doth live, But to the earth
    some special good doth give.


Shak.

Pe*cul"iar, n. 1. That which is peculiar; a sole or exclusive property;
a prerogative; a characteristic.

    Revenge is . . . the peculiar of Heaven.


South.

2. (Eng. Canon Law) A particular parish or church which is exempt from
the jurisdiction of the ordinary.

Court of Peculiars (Eng. Law), a branch of the Court of Arches having
cognizance of the affairs of peculiars. Blackstone. -- Dean of
peculiars. See under Dean, 1.

Pe*cul`iar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Peculiarities (&?;). 1. The quality or
state of being peculiar; individuality; singularity. Swift.

2. That which is peculiar; a special and distinctive characteristic or
habit; particularity.

    The smallest peculiarity of temper on manner.


Macaulay.

3. Exclusive possession or right. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Pe*cul"iar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pecularized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pecularizing (?).] To make peculiar; to set appart or assign, as an
exclusive possession. [R.] Dr. John Smith.

Pe*cul"iar*ly, adv. In a peculiar manner; particulary; in a rare and
striking degree; unusually.

Pe*cul"iar*ness, n. The quality or state of being peculiar;
peculiarity. Mede.

||Pe*cu"li*um (?), n. [L. See Peculiar.] 1. (Rom. Law) The saving of a
||son or a slave with the father's or master's consent; a little
||property or stock of one's own; any exclusive personal or separate
||property. Burrill.

2. A special fund for private and personal uses.

    A slight peculium only subtracted to supply his snuff box and
    tobacco pouch.


Sir W. Scott.

Pe*cu"ni*al (?), a. Pecuniary. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pe*cun"ia*ri*ly (?), adv. In a pecuniary manner; as regards money.

Pe*cun"ia*ry (?), a. [L. pecuniarius, fr. pecunia money, orig.,
property in cattle, fr. pecus cattle: cf. F. pÈcuniaire. See Fee, and
cf. Peculiar.] 1. Relating to money; monetary; as, a pecuniary penalty;
a pecuniary reward. Burke.

Pe*cu"ni*ous (?), a. [L. pecuniosus, fr. pecunia: cf. F. pÈcunieux.]
Abounding in money; wealthy; rich. [Obs.] Sherwood.

Ped (?), n. [OE. See Peddler.] A basket; a hammer; a pannier. [Obs.]
Halliwell.

Ped"age (?), n. [LL. pedagium, for pedaticum. See Paage.] A toll or tax
paid by passengers, entitling them to safe-conduct and protection.
[Obs.] Spelman.

Ped"a*gog (?), n. Pedagogue.

Ped`a*gog"ic (?), n. [From Pedagogic, a.; cf. G. pedagogik.] See
Pedagogics.

{ Ped`a*gog"ic (?), Ped`a*gog"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F.
pÈdagogique. See Pedagogue.] Of or pertaining to a pedagogue; suited
to, or characteristic of, a pedagogue.

Ped`a*gog"ics (?), n. The science or art of teaching; the principles
and rules of teaching; pedagogy.

Ped"a*gog*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈdagogisme.] The system, occupation,
character, or manner of pedagogues. Milton.

    Avocation of pedantry and pedagogism.


De Foe.

Ped"a*gogue (?), n. [F. pÈdagogue, L. paedagogus, Gr. &?;; pai^s,
paido`s, a boy + &?; to lead, guide; cf. &?; leading. See Page a
servant, Agent.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) A slave who led his master's children
to school, and had the charge of them generally.

2. A teacher of children; one whose occupation is to teach the young; a
schoolmaster.

3. One who by teaching has become formal, positive, or pedantic in his
ways; one who has the manner of a schoolmaster; a pedant. Goldsmith.

Ped"a*gogue, v. t. [Cf. L. paedagogare to instruct.] To play the
pedagogue toward. [Obs.] Prior.

Ped"a*go`gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. pÈdagogie.] Pedagogics;
pedagogism. South.

Pe"dal (?), a. [L. pedalis, fr. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf.
Pew.] 1. Of or pertaining to the foot, or to feet, literally or
figuratively; specifically (Zoˆl.), pertaining to the foot of a
mollusk; as, the pedal ganglion.

2. (&?;) Of or pertaining to a pedal; having pedals.

Pedal curve or surface (Geom.), the curve or surface which is the locus
of the feet of perpendiculars let fall from a fixed point upon the
straight lines tangent to a given curve, or upon the planes tangent to
a given surface. -- Pedal note (Mus.), the note which is held or
sustained through an organ point. See Organ point, under Organ. --
Pedal organ (Mus.), an organ which has pedals or a range of keys moved
by the feet; that portion of a full organ which is played with the
feet.

Pe"dal (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈdale, It. pedale. See Pedal, a.] 1. (Mech.) A
lever or key acted on by the foot, as in the pianoforte to raise the
dampers, or in the organ to open and close certain pipes; a treadle, as
in a lathe or a bicycle.

2. (Geom.) A pedal curve or surface.

Pe*da"li*an (?), a. Relating to the foot, or to a metrical foot; pedal.
[R.] Maunder.

Pe*dal"i*ty (?), n. The act of measuring by paces. [R.] Ash.

Pe*da"ne*ous (?), a. [L. pedaneus of the size of a foot.] Going on
foot; pedestrian. [R.]

Ped"ant (?), n. [F. pÈdant, It. pedante, fr. Gr. &?; to instruct, from
pai^s boy. See Pedagogue.] 1. A schoolmaster; a pedagogue. [Obs.]
Dryden.

    A pedant that keeps a school i'th' church.


Shak.

2. One who puts on an air of learning; one who makes a vain display of
learning; a pretender to superior knowledge. Addison.

    A scholar, yet surely no pedant, was he.


Goldsmith.

{ Pe*dan"tic (?), Pe*dan"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to a pedant;
characteristic of, or resembling, a pedant; ostentatious of learning;
as, a pedantic writer; a pedantic description; a pedantical
affectation. "Figures pedantical." Shak.

Pe*dan"tic*al*ly, adv. In a pedantic manner.

Pe*dan"tic*ly (?), adv. Pedantically. [R.]

Ped"ant*ism (?), n. The office, disposition, or act of a pedant;
pedantry. [Obs.]

Ped"ant*ize (?), v. i. [Cf. F. pÈdantiser.] To play the pedant; to use
pedantic expressions. [R.]

Ped`an*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Pedant + democracy.] The sway of pedants.
[R.] J. S. Mill.

Ped"ant*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈdanterie.] The act, character, or manners
of a pedant; vain ostentation of learning. "This pedantry of
quotation." Cowley.

    'T is a practice that savors much of pedantry.


Sir T. Browne.

Ped"ant*y (?), n. An assembly or clique of pedants. [Obs.] Milton.

Pe*da"ri*an (?), n. [L. pedarius, fr. pedarius belonging to the foot,
fr. pes, pedis, foot.] (Rom. Antiq.) One of a class eligible to the
office of senator, but not yet chosen, who could sit and speak in the
senate, but could not vote; -- so called because he might indicate his
opinion by walking over to the side of the party he favored when a vote
was taken.

Ped"a*ry (?), n.; pl. Pedaries (#). [L. pedarius of the foot.] A
sandal. [Obs.] Latimer.

||Pe*da"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pedate.] (Zoˆl.) An order of
||holothurians, including those that have ambulacral suckers, or feet,
||and an internal gill.

<! p. 1057 !>

Ped"ate (?), a. [L. pedatus, p. p. of pedare to furnish with feet, fr.
pes, pedis, a foot.] (Bot.) Palmate, with the lateral lobes cleft into
two or more segments; -- said of a leaf. -- Ped"ate*ly, adv.

Pe*dat"i*fid (?), a. [Pedate + root of L. findere to split.] [Colloq.]
Cleft in a pedate manner, but having the lobes distinctly connected at
the base; -- said of a leaf.

Ped"dle (?), v. i. [From Peddler.] 1. To travel about with wares for
sale; to go from place to place, or from house to house, for the
purpose of retailing goods; as, to peddle without a license.

2. To do a small business; to be busy about trifles; to piddle.

Ped"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peddling
(?).] To sell from place to place; to retail by carrying around from
customer to customer; to hawk; hence, to retail in very small
quantities; as, to peddle vegetables or tinware.

Ped"dler (?), n. [OE. pedlere, pedlare, also peddare, peoddare, fr. OE.
ped a basket, of unknown origin.] One who peddles; a traveling trader;
one who travels about, retailing small wares; a hawker. [Written also
pedlar and pedler.] "Some vagabond huckster or peddler." Hakluyt.

Ped"dler*y (?), n. [Written also pedlary and pedlery.] 1. The trade, or
the goods, of a peddler; hawking; small retail business, like that of a
peddler.

2. Trifling; trickery. [Obs.] "Look . . . into these their deceitful
peddleries." Milton.

Ped"dling, a. 1. Hawking; acting as a peddler.

2. Petty; insignificant. "The miserable remains of a peddling
commerce." Burke.

Ped"er*ast (?), n. [Gr. paiderasth`s; pai^s, paido`s, a boy + 'era^n to
love: cf. F. pÈdÈraste.] One guilty of pederasty; a sodomite.

Ped`er*as"tic (?), a. [Gr. paiderastiko`s.] Of or pertaining to
pederasty.

Ped"er*as`ty (?), n. [Gr. paiderasti`a: cf. F. pÈdÈrastie.] The crime
against nature; sodomy.

Ped`e*re"ro (?), n. [Sp. pedrero, fr. OSp. pedra, Sp. piedra, a stone,
L. petra, fr. Gr. &?;. So named because it was at first charged with
stones.] (Mil.) A term formerly applied to a short piece of chambered
ordnance. [Written also paterero and peterero.]

||Pe*de"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a leaping.] Same as Brownian
||movement, under Brownian.

Ped"es*tal (?), n. [Sp. pedestal; cf. F. piÈdestal, It. piedestallo;
fr. L. es, pedis, foot + OHG. stal standing place, station, place, akin
to E. stall. See Foot, and Stall, and Footstall.] 1. (Arch.) The base
or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp, or the like; the part on which
an upright work stands. It consists of three parts, the base, the die
or dado, and the cornice or surbase molding. See Illust. of Column.

    Build him a pedestal, and say, "Stand there!"


Cowper.

2. (a) (Railroad Cars) A casting secured to the frame of a truck and
forming a jaw for holding a journal box. (b) (Mach.) A pillow block; a
low housing. (c) (Bridge Building) An iron socket, or support, for the
foot of a brace at the end of a truss where it rests on a pier.

Pedestal coil (steam Heating), a group of connected straight pipes
arranged side by side and one above another, -- used in a radiator.

Ped"es*taled (?), a. Placed on, or supported by, a pedestal;
figuratively, exalted. Hawthorne.

    Pedestaled haply in a palace court.


Keats.

Pe*des"tri*al (?), a. [L. pedester, -esteris, fr. pes, pedis, a foot:
cf. F. pÈdestere. See Pedal.] Of or pertaining to the feet; employing
the foot or feet.

Pe*des"tri*al*ly, adv. In a pedestrial manner.

Pe*des"tri*an (?), a. Going on foot; performed on foot; as, a
pedestrian journey.

Pe*des"tri*an, n. A walker; one who journeys on foot; a foot traveler;
specif., a professional walker or runner.

Pe*des"tri*an*ism (?), n. The act, art, or practice of a pedestrian;
walking or running; traveling or racing on foot.

Pe*des"tri*an*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pedestrianized (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Pedestrianizing.] To practice walking; to travel on foot.

Pe*des"tri*ous (?), a. Going on foot; not winged. [Obs.] "Pedestrious
animals." Sir T. Browne.

Ped`e*ten"tous (?), a. [L. pes, pedis, foot + tendere to stretch out:
cf. L. tentim by degrees.] Proceeding step by step; advancing
cautiously. [R.]

    That pedetentous pace and pedetentous mind in which it behooves the
    wise and virtuous improver to walk.


Sydney Smith.

{ Ped"i- (?), Ped"o- (?) }. [See Foot.] Combining forms from L. pes,
pedis, foot, as pedipalp, pedireme, pedometer.

Pe"di*al (?), a. Pertaining to the foot, or to any organ called a foot;
pedal. Dana.

Ped"i*cel (?), n. [F. pÈdicelle. See Pedicle.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A stalk
which supports one flower or fruit, whether solitary or one of many
ultimate divisions of a common peduncle. See Peduncle, and Illust. of
Flower. (b) A slender support of any special organ, as that of a
capsule in mosses, an air vesicle in algÊ, or a sporangium in ferns.

2. (Zoˆl.) A slender stem by which certain of the lower animals or
their eggs are attached. See Illust. of Aphis lion.

3. (Anat.) (a) The ventral part of each side of the neural arch
connecting with the centrum of a vertebra. (b) An outgrowth of the
frontal bones, which supports the antlers or horns in deer and allied
animals.

Ped"i*celed (?), a. Pedicellate.

||Ped`i*cel*la"ri*a (?), n.; pl. PedicellariÊ (#). [NL. See Pedicel.]
||(Zoˆl.) A peculiar forcepslike organ which occurs in large numbers
||upon starfishes and echini. Those of starfishes have two movable
||jaws, or blades, and are usually nearly, or quite, sessile; those of
||echini usually have three jaws and a pedicel. See Illustration in
||Appendix.

Ped"i*cel`late (?), a. Having a pedicel; supported by a pedicel.

||Ped`i*cel*li"na (?), n. [NL. See Pedicel.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of
||Bryozoa, of the order Entoprocta, having a bell-shaped body supported
||on a slender pedicel. See Illust. under Entoprocta.

Ped"i*cle (?), n. [L. pediculus a little foot, dim. of pes foot: cf. F.
pÈdicule. See edal, and cf. Pedicel.] Same as Pedicel.

Pe*dic"u*lar (?), a. [L. pedicularis, fr. pediculus a louse: cf. F.
pÈdiculaire.] Of or pertaining to lice; having the lousy distemper
(phthiriasis); lousy. Southey.

Pe*dic"u*late (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Pediculati.

||Pe*dic`u*la"ti (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pedicle.] (Zoˆl.) An order of
||fishes including the anglers. See Illust. of Angler and Batfish.

Pe*dic`u*la"tion (?), n. (Med.) Phthiriasis.

Ped"i*cule (?), n. [See Pedicle.] A pedicel.

||Pe*dic`u*li"na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pediculus.] (Zoˆl.) A division of
||parasitic hemipterous insects, including the true lice. See Illust.
||in Appendix.

Pe*dic"u*lous (?), a. [L. pediculosus.] Pedicular.

||Pe*dic"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Pediculi (#). [L., a louse.] (Zoˆl.) A
||genus of wingless parasitic Hemiptera, including the common lice of
||man. See Louse.

Ped"i*form (?), a. [Pedi- + - form.] Shaped like a foot.

Pe*dig"er*ous (?), a. [Pedi- + -gerous.] (Zoˆl.) Bearing or having feet
or legs.

Ped"i*gree (?), n. [Of unknown origin; possibly fr. F. par degrÈs by
degrees, -- for a pedigree is properly a genealogical table which
records the relationship of families by degrees; or, perh., fr. F. pied
de grue crane's foot, from the shape of the heraldic genealogical
trees.] 1. A line of ancestors; descent; lineage; genealogy; a register
or record of a line of ancestors.

    Alterations of surnames . . . have obscured the truth of our
    pedigrees.


Camden.

    His vanity labored to contrive us a pedigree.


Milton.

    I am no herald to inquire of men's pedigrees.


Sir P. Sidney.

    The Jews preserved the pedigrees of their tribes.


Atterbury.

2. (Stock Breeding) A record of the lineage or strain of an animal, as
of a horse.

Ped"i*lu`vy (?), n. [Pedi- + L. luere to wash: cf. It. & Sp. pediluvio,
F. pÈdiluve.] The bathing of the feet, a bath for the feet. [Obs.]

||Pe*dim"a*na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pes, pedis, foot + manus hand.]
||(Zoˆl.) A division of marsupials, including the opossums.

Ped"i*mane (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈdimane.] (Zoˆl.) A pedimanous marsupial;
an opossum.

Pe*dim"a*nous (?), a. [See Pedimana.] (Zoˆl.) Having feet resembling
hands, or with the first toe opposable, as the opossums and monkeys.

Ped"i*ment (?), n. [L. pes, pedis, a foot. See Foot.] (Arch.)
Originally, in classical architecture, the triangular space forming the
gable of a simple roof; hence, a similar form used as a decoration over
porticoes, doors, windows, etc.; also, a rounded or broken frontal
having a similar position and use. See Temple.

Ped`i*men"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pediment.

Ped"i*palp (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈdipalpe.] (Zoˆl.) One of the Pedipalpi.

||Ped`i*pal"pi (?), n pl. [NL. See Pedipalpus.] (Zoˆl.) A division of
||Arachnida, including the whip scorpions (Thelyphonus) and allied
||forms. Sometimes used in a wider sense to include also the true
||scorpions.

Ped`i*pal"pous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the
pedipalps.

Ped`i*pal"pus (?), n.; pl. Pedipalpi (#). [NL. See Pes, and Palpus.]
(Zoˆl.) One of the second pair of mouth organs of arachnids. In some
they are leglike, but in others, as the scorpion, they terminate in a
claw.

Ped"i*reme (?), n. [Pedi- + L. remus oar.] (Zoˆl.) A crustacean, some
of whose feet serve as oars.

{ Ped"lar, Ped"ler } (?), n. See Peddler.

Pe`do*bap"tism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a child + E. baptism.] The
baptism of infants or of small children. [Written also pÊdobaptism.]

Pe`do*bap"tist (?), n. One who advocates or practices infant baptism.
[Written also pÊdobaptist.]

Ped"o*man`cy (?), n. [Pedi- + -mancy.] Divination by examining the
soles of the feet.

Pe*dom"e*ter (?), n. [Pedi-, pedo- + -meter: cf. F. pÈdomËtre.] (Mech.)
An instrument for including the number of steps in walking, and so
ascertaining the distance passed over. It is usually in the form of a
watch; an oscillating weight by the motion of the body causes the index
to advance a certain distance at each step.

{ Ped`o*met"ric (?), Ped`o*met"ric*al (?), } a. Pertaining to, or
measured by, a pedometer.

Ped`o*mo"tive (?), a. [Pedi-, pedo- + -motive.] Moved or worked by the
action of the foot or feet on a pedal or treadle.

Pe*dot"ro*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, a child + &?; to nourish:
cf. F. pÈdotrophie.] The art of nourishing children properly.

||Pe`dre*gal" (?), n. [Sp., a stony place, fr. piedra stone.] A lava
||field. [Mexico & Western U.S.]

Pe*dun"cle (?), n. [Formed fr. (assumed) L. pedunculus, dim. of pes,
pedis, a foot: cf. F. pÈdoncule.] 1. (Bot.) The stem or stalk that
supports the flower or fruit of a plant, or a cluster of flowers or
fruits.

The ultimate divisions or branches of a peduncle are called pedicels.
In the case of a solitary flower, the stalk would be called a peduncle
if the flower is large, and a pedicel if it is small or delicate.

2. (Zoˆl.) A sort of stem by which certain shells and barnacles are
attached to other objects. See Illust. of Barnacle.

3. (Anat.) A band of nervous or fibrous matter connecting different
parts of the brain; as, the peduncles of the cerebellum; the peduncles
of the pineal gland.

Pe*dun"cled (?), a. Having a peduncle; supported on a peduncle;
pedunculate.

Pe*dun"cu*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈdonculaire.] Of or pertaining to a
peduncle; growing from a peduncle; as, a peduncular tendril.

||Pe*dun`cu*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Peduncle.] (Zoˆl.) A division of
||Cirripedia, including the stalked or goose barnacles.

{ Pe*dun"cu*late (?), Pe*dun"cu*la`ted (?), } a. (Biol.) Having a
peduncle; growing on a peduncle; as, a pedunculate flower; a
pedunculate eye, as in a lobster.

Pee (?), n. See 1st Pea.

Pee, n. (Naut.) Bill of an anchor. See Peak, 3 (c).

Peece (?), n. & v. [Obs.] See Piece.

||Pee"chi (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The dauw.

Peek (?), v. i. [OE. piken: cf. F. piquer to pierce, prick, E. pique.
Cf. Peak.] To look slyly, or with the eyes half closed, or through a
crevice; to peep. [Colloq.]

Peek"a*boo (?), n. A child's game; bopeep.

Peel (?), n. [OE. pel. Cf. Pile a heap.] A small tower, fort, or
castle; a keep. [Scot.]

Peel, n. [F. pelle, L. pala.] A spadelike implement, variously used, as
for removing loaves of bread from a baker's oven; also, a T-shaped
implement used by printers and bookbinders for hanging wet sheets of
paper on lines or poles to dry. Also, the blade of an oar.

Peel, v. t. [Confused with peel to strip, but fr. F. piller to pillage.
See Pill to rob, Pillage.] To plunder; to pillage; to rob. [Obs.]

    But govern ill the nations under yoke, Peeling their provinces.


Milton.

Peel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peeled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peeling.] [F.
peler to pull out the hair, to strip, to peel, fr. L. pilare to deprive
of hair, fr. pilus a hair; or perh. partly fr. F. peler to peel off the
skin, perh. fr. L. pellis skin (cf. Fell skin). Cf. Peruke.] 1. To
strip off the skin, bark, or rind of; to strip by drawing or tearing
off the skin, bark, husks, etc.; to flay; to decorticate; as, to peel
an orange.

    The skillful shepherd peeled me certain wands.


Shak.

2. To strip or tear off; to remove by stripping, as the skin of an
animal, the bark of a tree, etc.

Peel, v. i. To lose the skin, bark, or rind; to come off, as the skin,
bark, or rind does; -- often used with an adverb; as, the bark peels
easily or readily.

Peel, n. The skin or rind; as, the peel of an orange.

Pee"le (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A graceful and swift South African antelope
(Pelea capreola). The hair is woolly, and ash-gray on the back and
sides. The horns are black, long, slender, straight, nearly smooth, and
very sharp. Called also rheeboc, and rehboc.

Peel"er (?), n. One who peels or strips.

Peel"er, n. [See Peel to plunder.] A pillager.

Peel"er, n. A nickname for a policeman; -- so called from Sir Robert
Peel. [British Slang] See Bobby.

Peel"house` (?), n. See 1st Peel. Sir W. Scott.

Peen (?), n. [Cf. G. pinne pane of a hammer.] (a) A round-edged, or
hemispherical, end to the head of a hammer or sledge, used to stretch
or bend metal by indentation. (b) The sharp-edged end of the head of a
mason's hammer. [Spelt also pane, pein, and piend.]

Peen, v. t. To draw, bend, or straighten, as metal, by blows with the
peen of a hammer or sledge.

Peenge (?), v. i. To complain. [Scot.]

Peep (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peeped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peeping.] [Of
imitative origin; cf. OE. pipen, F. piper, pÈpier, L. pipire, pipare,
pipiare, D. & G. piepen. Senses 2 and 3 perhaps come from a transfer of
sense from the sound which chickens make upon the first breaking of the
shell to the act accompanying it; or perhaps from the influence of
peek, or peak. Cf. Pipe.] 1. To cry, as a chicken hatching or newly
hatched; to chirp; to cheep.

    There was none that moved the wing, or opened the mouth, or peeped.


Is. x. 14.

2. To begin to appear; to look forth from concealment; to make the
first appearance.

    When flowers first peeped, and trees did blossoms bear.


Dryden.

<! p. 1058 !>

3. To look cautiously or slyly; to peer, as through a crevice; to pry.

    eep through the blanket of the dark.


Shak.

    From her cabined loophole peep.


Milton.

Peep sight, an adjustable piece, pierced with a small hole to peep
through in aiming, attached to a rifle or other firearm near the
breech.

Peep (?), n. 1. The cry of a young chicken; a chirp.

2. First outlook or appearance.

    Oft have we seen him at the peep of dawn.


Gray.

3. A sly look; a look as through a crevice, or from a place of
concealment.

    To take t' other peep at the stars.


Swift.

4. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any small sandpiper, as the least sandpiper (Trigna
minutilla). (b) The European meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis).

Peep show, a small show, or object exhibited, which is viewed through
an orifice or a magnifying glass. -- Peep-o'-day boys, the Irish
insurgents of 1784; -- so called from their visiting the house of the
loyal Irish at day break in search of arms. [Cant]

Peep"er (?), n. 1. A chicken just breaking the shell; a young bird.

2. One who peeps; a prying person; a spy.

    Who's there? peepers, . . . eavesdroppers?


J. Webster.

3. The eye; as, to close the peepers. [Colloq.]

Peep"hole` (?), n. A hole, or crevice, through which one may peep
without being discovered.

Peep"ing hole`. See Peephole.

Pee"pul tree` (?). [Hind. ppal, Skr. pippala.] (Bot.) A sacred tree
(Ficus religiosa) of the Buddhists, a kind of fig tree which attains
great size and venerable age. See Bo tree. [Written also pippul tree,
and pipal tree.]

Peer (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peering.]
[OF. parir, pareir equiv. to F. paraÓtre to appear, L. parere. Cf.
Appear.] 1. To come in sight; to appear. [Poetic]

    So honor peereth in the meanest habit.


Shak.

    See how his gorget peers above his gown!


B. Jonson.

2. [Perh. a different word; cf. OE. piren, LG. piren. Cf. Pry to peep.]
To look narrowly or curiously or intently; to peep; as, the peering
day. Milton.

    Peering in maps for ports, and piers, and roads.


Shak.

    As if through a dungeon grate he peered.


Coleridge.

Peer, n. [OE. per, OF. per, F. pair, fr. L. par equal. Cf. Apparel,
Pair, Par, n., Umpire.] 1. One of the same rank, quality, endowments,
character, etc.; an equal; a match; a mate.

    In song he never had his peer.


Dryden.

    Shall they consort only with their peers?


I. Taylor.

2. A comrade; a companion; a fellow; an associate.

    He all his peers in beauty did surpass.


Spenser.

3. A nobleman; a member of one of the five degrees of the British
nobility, namely, duke, marquis, earl, viscount, baron; as, a peer of
the realm.

    A noble peer of mickle trust and power.


Milton.

House of Peers, The Peers, the British House of Lords. See Parliament.
-- Spiritual peers, the bishops and archibishops, or lords spiritual,
who sit in the House of Lords.

Peer v. t. To make equal in rank. [R.] Heylin.

Peer v. t. To be, or to assume to be, equal. [R.]

Peer"age (?), n. [See Peer an equal, and cf. Parage.] 1. The rank or
dignity of a peer. Blackstone.

2. The body of peers; the nobility, collectively.

    When Charlemain with all his peerage fell.


Milton.

Peer"dom (?), n. Peerage; also, a lordship. [Obs.]

Peer"ess, n. The wife of a peer; a woman ennobled in her own right, or
by right of marriage.

{ Peer"ie, Peer"y } (?), a. [See 1st Peer, 2.] Inquisitive; suspicious;
sharp. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] "Two peery gray eyes." Sir W. Scott.

Peer"less (?), a. Having no peer or equal; matchless; superlative. "Her
peerless feature." Shak.

    Unvailed her peerless light.


Milton.

--Peer"less*ly, adv. -- Peer"less*ness, n.

Peert (?), a. Same as Peart.

Peer"weet (?), n. Same as Pewit (a & b).

Pee"vish (?), a. [OE. pevische; of uncertain origin, perh. from a word
imitative of the noise made by fretful children + -ish.] 1. Habitually
fretful; easily vexed or fretted; hard to please; apt to complain;
querulous; petulant. "Her peevish babe." Wordsworth.

    She is peevish, sullen, froward.


Shak.

2. Expressing fretfulness and discontent, or unjustifiable
dissatisfaction; as, a peevish answer.

3. Silly; childish; trifling. [Obs.]

    To send such peevish tokens to a king.


Shak.

Syn. -- Querulous; petulant; cross; ill-tempered; testy; captious;
discontented. See Fretful.

Pee"vish*ly, adv. In a peevish manner. Shak.

Pee"vish*ness, n. The quality of being peevish; disposition to murmur;
sourness of temper.

Syn. -- See Petulance.

{ Pee"vit (?), Pee"wit (?), } n. (Zoˆl.) See Pewit.

Peg (?), n. [OE. pegge; cf. Sw. pigg, Dan. pig a point, prickle, and E.
peak.] 1. A small, pointed piece of wood, used in fastening boards
together, in attaching the soles of boots or shoes, etc.; as, a shoe
peg.

2. A wooden pin, or nail, on which to hang things, as coats, etc.
Hence, colloquially and figuratively: A support; a reason; a pretext;
as, a peg to hang a claim upon.

3. One of the pins of a musical instrument, on which the strings are
strained. Shak.

4. One of the pins used for marking points on a cribbage board.

5. A step; a degree; esp. in the slang phrase "To take one down peg."

    To screw papal authority to the highest peg.


Barrow.

    And took your grandess down a peg.


Hudibras.

Peg ladder, a ladder with but one standard, into which cross pieces are
inserted. -- Peg tankard, an ancient tankard marked with pegs, so as
divide the liquor into equal portions. "Drink down to your peg."
Longfellow. -- Peg tooth. See Fleam tooth under Fleam. -- Peg top, a
boy's top which is spun by throwing it. -- Screw peg, a small screw
without a head, for fastening soles.

Peg (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pegged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pegging (?).]
1. To put pegs into; to fasten the parts of with pegs; as, to peg
shoes; to confine with pegs; to restrict or limit closely.

    I will rend an oak And peg thee in his knotty entrails.


Shak.

2. (Cribbage) To score with a peg, as points in the game; as, she
pegged twelwe points. [Colloq.]

Peg, v. i. To work diligently, as one who pegs shoes; -- usually with
on, at, or away; as, to peg away at a task.

||Pe`ga*dor" (?), n. [Sp., a sticker.] (Zoˆl.) A species of remora
||(Echeneis naucrates). See Remora.

Pe*ga"se*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Pegasus, or, figuratively, to
poetry.

Peg"a*soid (?), a. [Pegasus + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) Like or pertaining to
Pegasus.

Peg"a*sus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) A winged horse
fabled to have sprung from the body of Medusa when she was slain. He is
noted for causing, with a blow of his hoof, Hippocrene, the inspiring
fountain of the Muses, to spring from Mount Helicon. On this account he
is, in modern times, associated with the Muses, and with ideas of
poetic inspiration.

    Each spurs his jaded Pegasus apace.


Byron.

2. (Astron.) A northen constellation near the vernal equinoctial point.
Its three brightest stars, with the brightest star of Andromeda, form
the square of Pegasus.

3. (Zoˆl.) A genus of small fishes, having large pectoral fins, and the
body covered with hard, bony plates. Several species are known from the
East Indies and China.

Peg"ger (?), n. One who fastens with pegs.

Peg"ging (?), n. The act or process of fastening with pegs.

Pegm (?), n. [L. pegma a movable stage, Gr. &?;, orig., a framework.] A
sort of moving machine employed in the old pageants. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Peg"ma*tite (?), n. [From Gr. &?; something fastened together, in
allusion to the quartz and feldspar in graphic granite: cf. F.
pegmatite. See Pegm.] (Min.) (a) Graphic granite. See under Granite.
(b) More generally, a coarse granite occurring as vein material in
other rocks.

Peg`ma*tit"ic (?), a. (Min.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling,
pegmatite; as, the pegmatic structure of certain rocks resembling
graphic granite.

Peg"ma*toid (?), a. [Pegmatite + -oid.] (Min.) Resembling pegmatite;
pegmatic.

Peg"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. phgh` fountain + -mancy.] Divination by
fountains. [R.]

Peg"roots` (pg"rts`), n. Same as Setterwort.

Peh"le*vi` (?), n. [Parsee Pahlavi.] An ancient Persian dialect in
which words were partly represented by their Semitic equivalents. It
was in use from the 3d century (and perhaps earlier) to the middle of
the 7th century, and later in religious writings. [Written also
Pahlavi.]

Pein (?), n. See Peen.

Pei*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; a trail + -meter.] A dynamometer for
measuring the force required to draw wheel carriages on roads of
different constructions. G. Francis.

Pei*ras"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to try, fr. &?; a trail.] Fitted
for trail or test; experimental; tentative; treating of attempts.

Peise (?), n. [See Poise.] A weight; a poise. [Obs.] "To weigh pence
with a peise." Piers Plowman.

Peise, v. t. To poise or weight. [Obs.] Chaucer.

    Lest leaden slumber peise me down.


Shak.

Pei"trel (?), n. (Anc. Armor) See Peytrel.

Pe*jor"a*tive (?), a. [F. pÈjoratif, fr. L. pejor, used as compar. of
malus evil.] Implying or imputing evil; depreciatory; disparaging;
unfavorable.

Pek"an (?), n. [F. pekan.] (Zoˆl.) See Fisher, 2.

Pek"oe (?), n. [Chin. pih-hoau: cf. F. pekoÎ] A kind of black tea.
[Written also pecco.]

Pe"la (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Wax insect, under Wax.

Pel"age (?), n. [F. pelage, fr. L. pilus hair.] (Zoˆl.) The covering,
or coat, of a mammal, whether of wool, fur, or hair.

Pe*la"gi*an (?), a. [L. pelagius, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the sea: cf. F.
pÈlagien.] Of or pertaining to the sea; marine; pelagic; as, pelagian
shells.

Pe*la"gi*an, n. [L. Pelagianus: cf. F. pÈlagien.] (Eccl. Hist.) A
follower of Pelagius, a British monk, born in the later part of the 4th
century, who denied the doctrines of hereditary sin, of the connection
between sin and death, and of conversion through grace.

Pe*la"gi*an, a. [Cf. F. pÈlagien.] Of or pertaining to Pelagius, or to
his doctrines.

Pe*la"gi*an*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈlagianisme.] The doctrines of
Pelagius.

Pe*lag"ic (?), a. [L. pelagicus.] Of or pertaining to the ocean; --
applied especially to animals that live at the surface of the ocean,
away from the coast.

Pel`ar*gon"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an organic
acid (called also nonoic acid) found in the leaves of the geranium
(Pelargonium) and allied plants.

||Pel`ar*go"ni*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a stork.] (Bot.) A large
||genus of plants of the order GeraniaceÊ, differing from Geranium in
||having a spurred calyx and an irregular corolla.

About one hundred and seventy species are known, nearly all of them
natives of South Africa, and many having very beautiful blossoms. See
the Note under Geranium.

{ Pe*las"gi*an (?), Pe*las"gic (?), } a. [L. Pelasgus, Gr. &?; a
Pelasgian.] 1. Of or pertaining to the Pelasgians, an ancient people of
Greece, of roving habits.

2. (Zoˆl.) Wandering.

Pel"e*can (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Pelican.

||Pel`e*can`i*for"mes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pelican, and -form.] (Zoˆl.)
||Those birds that are related to the pelican; the Totipalmi.

Pel"e*coid (?), n. [Gr. &?; a hatchet + -oid.] (Geom.) A figure,
somewhat hatched-shaped, bounded by a semicircle and two inverted
quadrants, and equal in area to the square ABCD inclosed by the chords
of the four quadrants. [Written also pelicoid.] Math. Dict.

||Pel`e*cyp"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a hatchet + -poda.]
||(Zoˆl.) Same as Lamellibranchia.

Pel"e*grine (?), a. See Peregrine. [Obs.]

Pel"er*ine (?), n. [F. pËlerine a tippet, fr. pËlerin a pilgrim, fr. L.
peregrinus foreign, alien. See Pilgrim.] A woman's cape; especially, a
fur cape that is longer in front than behind.

Pelf (?), n. [OE. pelfir booty, OF. pelfre, akin to pelfrer to plunder,
and perh. to E. pillage. Cf. Pilfer.] Money; riches; lucre; gain; --
generally conveying the idea of something ill-gotten or worthless. It
has no plural. "Mucky pelf." Spenser. "Paltry pelf." Burke.

    Can their pelf prosper, not got by valor or industry?


Fuller.

Pelf"ish, a. Of or pertaining to pelf. Stanyhurst.

{ Pel"fray (?), Pel"fry (?), } n. Pelf; also, figuratively, rubbish;
trash. [Obs.] Cranmer.

Pel"i*can (?), n. [F. pÈlican, L. pelicanus, pelecanus, Gr. &?;, &?;,
&?;, the woodpecker, and also a water bird of the pelican kind, fr. &?;
to hew with an ax, akin to Skr. paraÁu.] [Written also pelecan.] 1.
(Zoˆl.) Any large webfooted bird of the genus Pelecanus, of which about
a dozen species are known. They have an enormous bill, to the lower
edge of which is attached a pouch in which captured fishes are
temporarily stored.

The American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) and the brown
species (P. fuscus) are abundant on the Florida coast in winter, but
breed about the lakes in the Rocky Mountains and British America.

2. (Old Chem.) A retort or still having a curved tube or tubes leading
back from the head to the body for continuous condensation and
redistillation.

The principle is still employed in certain modern forms of distilling
apparatus.

Frigate pelican (Zoˆl.), the frigate bird. See under Frigate. --
Pelican fish (Zoˆl.), deep-sea fish (Eurypharynx pelecanoides) of the
order Lyomeri, remarkable for the enormous development of the jaws,
which support a large gular pouch. -- Pelican flower (Bot.), the very
large and curiously shaped blossom of a climbing plant (Aristolochia
grandiflora) of the West Indies; also, the plant itself. -- Pelican
ibis (Zoˆl.), a large Asiatic wood ibis (Tantalus leucocephalus). The
head and throat are destitute of feathers; the plumage is white, with
the quills and the tail greenish black. -- Pelican in her piety (in
heraldry and symbolical art), a representation of a pelican in the act
of wounding her breast in order to nourish her young with her blood; --
a practice fabulously attributed to the bird, on account of which it
was adopted as a symbol of the Redeemer, and of charity. -- Pelican's
foot (Zoˆl.), a marine gastropod shell of the genus Aporrhais, esp.
Aporrhais pes-pelicani of Europe.

Pel"ick (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The American coot (Fulica).

Pel"i*coid (?), n. See Pelecoid.

||Pel`i*co*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a wooden bowl (but
||taken to mean, pelvis) + &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.) A suborder of
||Theromorpha, including terrestrial reptiles from the Permian
||formation.

Pe"li*om (?), n. [See Pelioma.] (Min.) A variety of iolite, of a smoky
blue color; pelioma.

||Pe`li*o"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; livid.] 1. (Med.) A
||livid ecchymosis.

2. (Min.) See Peliom.

Pe*lisse" (?), n. [F., fr. L. pelliceus, pellicius, made of skins, fr.
pellis a skin. Cf. Pelt skin, Pilch, and see 2d Pell.] An outer garment
for men or women, originally of fur, or lined with fur; a lady's outer
garment, made of silk or other fabric.

Pell (?), v. t. [Cf. Pelt, v. t.] To pelt; to knock about. [Obs.]
Holland.

Pell, n. [OF. pel, F. peau, L. pellis a skin. See Fell a skin.] 1. A
skin or hide; a pelt.

2. A roll of parchment; a parchment record.

Clerk of the pells, formerly, an officer of the exchequer who entered
accounts on certain parchment rolls, called pell rolls. [Eng.]

Pel"lack (?), n. [Cf. Gael. Peileag.] (Zoˆl.) A porpoise.

Pell"age (pl"j), n. [See 2d Pell.] A customs duty on skins of leather.

<! p. 1059 !>

Pel"la*gra (pl"l*gr), n. (Med.) An erythematous affection of the skin,
with severe constitutional and nervous symptoms, endemic in Northern
Italy.

Pel"la*grin (?), n. One who is afficted with pellagra. Chambers's
Encyc.

Pel"let (?), n. [F. pelote, LL. pelota, pilota, fr. L. pila a ball. Cf.
Platoon.] 1. A little ball; as, a pellet of wax &?; paper.

2. A bullet; a ball for firearms. [Obs.] Bacon.

    As swift as a pellet out of a gun.


Chaucer.

Pellet molding (Arch.), a narrow band ornamented with smalt, flat
disks.

Pel"let, v.&?;. To form into small balls. [Obs.] Shak.

Pel"let*ed, a. Made of, or like, pellets; furnished with pellets. [R.]
"This pelleted storm." Shak.

||Pel`li*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. pellis garment + branchia
||a gill.] (Zoˆl.) A division of Nudibranchiata, in which the mantle
||itself serves as a gill.

Pel"li*cle (?), n. [L. pellicu&?;a, dim. of pellis skin: cf. F.
pellicule.] 1. A thin skin or film.

2. (Chem.) A thin film formed on the surface of an evaporating
solution.

Pel*lic"u*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pellicle. Henslow.

Pel*li"le (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The redshank; -- so called from its note.
[Prov. Eng.]

Pel"li*to*ry (?), n. [OE. paritorie, OF. paritoire, F. pariÈtaire; (cf.
It. & Sp. parietaria), L. parietaria the parietary, or pellitory, the
wall plant, fr. parietarus belonging to the walls, fr. paries, parietis
a wall. Cf. Parietary.] (Bot.) The common name of the several species
of the genus Parietaria, low, harmless weeds of the Nettle family; --
also called wall pellitory, and lichwort.

Parietaria officinalis is common on old walls in Europe; P.
pennsylvanica is found in the United States; and six or seven more
species are found near the Mediterranean, or in the Orient.

Pel"li*to*ry, n. [Sp. pelitre, fr. L. pyrethrum. See Bertram.] (Bot.)
(a) A composite plant (Anacyclus Pyrethrum) of the Mediterranean
region, having finely divided leaves and whitish flowers. The root is
the officinal pellitory, and is used as an irritant and sialogogue.
Called also bertram, and pellitory of Spain. (b) The feverfew
(Chrysanthemum Parthenium); -- so called because it resembles the
above.

Pell`-mell" (&?;), n. See Pall- mall.

Pell`mell", adv. [F. pÍle- mÍle, prob. fr. pelle a shovel + mÍler to
mix, as when different kinds of grain are heaped up and mixed with a
shovel. See Pell shovel, Medley.] In utter confusion; with confused
violence. "Men, horses, chariots, crowded pellmell." Milton.

Pel*lu"cid (?), a. [L. pellucidus; per (see Per-) + lucidus clear,
bright: cf. F. pellucide.] Transparent; clear; limpid; translucent; not
opaque. "Pellucid crystal." Dr. H. More. "Pellucid streams."
Wordsworth.

{ Pel`lu*cid"i*ty (?), Pel*lu"cid*ness (?), } n. [L. pelluciditas.] The
quality or state of being pellucid; transparency; translucency;
clearness; as, the pellucidity of the air. Locke.

Pel*lu"cid*ly, adv. In a pellucid manner.

||Pel"ma (?), n.; pl. Pelmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Zoˆl.) The
||under surface of the foot.

Pe*lo"pi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Pelops, brother of Niobe, Gr. &?;.]
(Chem.) A supposed new metal found in columbite, afterwards shown to be
identical with columbium, or niobium.

Pel`o*pon*ne"sian (?), a. [L. Peloponnesius, fr. Peloponnesus, Gr. &?;,
lit., the Island of Pelops; &?;, &?;, Pelops + &?; an island.] Of or
pertaining to the Peloponnesus, or southern peninsula of Greece. -- n.
A native or an inhabitant of the Peloponnesus.

||Pe*lo"ri*a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; monstrous.] (Bot.) Abnormal
||regularity; the state of certain flowers, which, being naturally
||irregular, have become regular through a symmetrical repetition of
||the special irregularity.

Pe*lo"ric (?), a. (Bot.) Abnormally regular or symmetrical. Darwin.

Pel"o*tage (?), n. [F.] Packs or bales of Spanish wool.

Pelt (?), n. [Cf. G. pelz a pelt, fur, fr. OF. pelice, F. pelisse (see
Pelisse); or perh. shortened fr. peltry.] 1. The skin of a beast with
the hair on; a raw or undressed hide; a skin preserved with the hairy
or woolly covering on it. See 4th Fell. Sir T. Browne.

    Raw pelts clapped about them for their clothes.


Fuller.

2. The human skin. [Jocose] Dryden.

3. (Falconry) The body of any quarry killed by the hawk.

Pelt rot, a disease affecting the hair or wool of a beast.

Pelt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pelted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pelting.] [OE.
pelten, pulten, pilten, to thrust, throw, strike; cf. L. pultare,
equiv. to pulsare (v. freq. fr. pellere to drive), and E. pulse a
beating.] 1. To strike with something thrown or driven; to assail with
pellets or missiles, as, to pelt with stones; pelted with hail.

    The children billows seem to pelt the clouds.


Shak.

2. To throw; to use as a missile.

    My Phillis me with pelted apples plies.


Dryden.

Pelt, v. i. 1. To throw missiles. Shak.

2. To throw out words. [Obs.]

    Another smothered seems to peltand swear.


Shak.

Pelt, n. A blow or stroke from something thrown.

||Pel"ta (?), n.; pl. PeltÊ. [L., a shield, fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. (Antiq.) A
||small shield, especially one of an approximately elliptic form, or
||crescent-shaped.

2. (Bot.) A flat apothecium having no rim.

{ Pel"tate (?), Pel"ta*ted (?), } a. [Cf. F. peltÈ. See Pelta.]
Shield-shaped; scutiform; (Bot.) having the stem or support attached to
the lower surface, instead of at the base or margin; -- said of a leaf
or other organ. -- Pel"tate*ly (#), adv.

Pelt"er (?), n. One who pelts.

Pel"ter (?), n. A pinchpenny; a mean, sordid person; a miser; a
skinflint. [Obs.] "Let such pelters prate." Gascoigne.

Pel"ti*form (?), a. [Pelta + - form.] Shieldlike, with the outline
nearly circular; peltate. Henslow.

Pel"ting (?), a. Mean; paltry. [Obs.] Shak.

Pelt"ry (?), n. [F. pelleterie peltry, furriery, fr. pelletier a
furrier, fr. OF. pel skin, F. peau, L. pelis. See Pelt a skin, Pell,
n., Fell a skin.] Pelts or skins, collectively; skins with the fur on
them; furs.

Pelt"ry*ware` (?), n. Peltry. [Obs.]

||Pe*lu"do (?), n. [Sp. peludo hairy.] (Zoˆl.) The South American hairy
||armadillo (Dasypus villosus).

Pe*lu"si*ac (?), a. [L. Pelusiacus.] Of or pertaining to Pelusium, an
ancient city of Egypt; as, the Pelusiac (or former eastern) outlet of
the Nile.

Pel"vic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pelvis; as,
pelvic cellulitis.

Pelvic arch, or Pelvic girdle (Anat.), the two or more bony or
cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the hind limbs
are articulated. When fully ossified, the arch usually consists of
three principal bones on each side, the ilium, ischium, and pubis,
which are often closely united in the adult, forming the innominate
bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate.

Pel*vim"e*ter (?), n. [Pelvis + -meter.: cf. F. pelvimËtre.] An
instrument for measuring the dimensions of the pelvis. Coxe.

Pel"vis (?), n. [L., a basin, laver; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, bowl.] 1.
(Anat.) The pelvic arch, or the pelvic arch together with the sacrum.
See Pelvic arch, under Pelvic, and Sacrum.

2. (Zoˆl.) The calyx of a crinoid.

Pelvis of the kidney (Anat.), the basinlike cavity into which the
ureter expands as it joins the kidney.

Pem"mi*can (?), n. [Written also pemican.] 1. Among the North American
Indians, meat cut in thin slices, divested of fat, and dried in the
sun.

    Then on pemican they feasted.


Longfellow.

2. Meat, without the fat, cut in thin slices, dried in the sun,
pounded, then mixed with melted fat and sometimes dried fruit, and
compressed into cakes or in bags. It contains much nutriment in small
compass, and is of great use in long voyages of exploration.

||Pem*phi"gus (?), n. [Nl., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a bubble.] (Med.) A
||somewhat rare skin disease, characterized by the development of blebs
||upon different part of the body. Quain.

Pen (?), n. [OE. penne, OF. penne, pene, F. penne, fr. L. penna.] 1. A
feather. [Obs.] Spenser.

2. A wing. [Obs.] Milton.

3. An instrument used for writing with ink, formerly made of a reed, or
of the quill of a goose or other bird, but now also of other materials,
as of steel, gold, etc. Also, originally, a stylus or other instrument
for scratching or graving.

    Graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock.


Job xix. 24.

4. Fig.: A writer, or his style; as, he has a sharp pen. "Those learned
pens." Fuller.

5. (Zoˆl.) The internal shell of a squid.

6. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) A female swan. [Prov. Eng.]

Bow pen. See Bow-pen. -- Dotting pen, a pen for drawing dotted lines.
-- Drawing, or Ruling, pen, a pen for ruling lines having a pair of
blades between which the ink is contained. -- Fountain pen, Geometric
pen. See under Fountain, and Geometric. -- Music pen, a pen having five
points for drawing the five lines of the staff. -- Pen and ink, or pen-
and-ink, executed or done with a pen and ink; as, a pen and ink sketch.
-- Pen feather. A pin feather. [Obs.] -- Pen name. See under Name. --
Sea pen (Zoˆl.), a pennatula. [Usually written sea- pen.]

Pen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Penning (?).] To
write; to compose and commit to paper; to indite; to compose; as, to
pen a sonnet. "A prayer elaborately penned." Milton.

Pen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penned (?) or Pent (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n.
Penning.] [OE. pennen, AS. pennan in on-pennan to unfasten, prob. from
the same source as pin, and orig. meaning, to fasten with a peg.See
Pin, n. & v.] To shut up, as in a pen or cage; to confine in a small
inclosure or narrow space; to coop up, or shut in; to inclose. "Away
with her, and pen her up." Shak.

    Watching where shepherds pen their flocks at eve.


Milton.

Pen, n. [From Pen to shut in.] A small inclosure; as, a pen for sheep
or for pigs.

    My father stole two geese out of a pen.


Shak.

Pe"nal (?), a. [L. poenalis, fr. poena punishment: cf. F. pÈnal. See
Pain.] Of or pertaining to punishment, to penalties, or to crimes and
offenses; pertaining to criminal jurisprudence: as: (a) Enacting or
threatening punishment; as, a penal statue; the penal code. (b)
Incurring punishment; subject to a penalty; as, a penalact of offense.
(c) Inflicted as punishment; used as a means of punishment; as, a penal
colony or settlement. "Adamantine chains and penal fire." Milton.

Penal code (Law), a code of laws concerning crimes and offenses and
their punishment. -- Penal laws, Penal statutes (Law), laws prohibited
certain acts, and imposing penalties for committing them. -- Penal
servitude, imprisonment with hard labor, in a prison, in lieu of
transportation. [Great Brit.] -- Penal suit, Penal action (Law), a suit
for penalties.

Pe*nal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. LL. poenalitas. See Penalty.] The quality or
state of being penal; lability to punishment. Sir T. Browne.

Pe"nal*ize (?), v. t. 1. To make penal.

2. (Sport.) To put a penalty on. See Penalty, 3. [Eng.]

Pe"nal*ly (?), adv. In a penal manner.

Pe"nal*ty (?), n.; pl. Penalties (#). [F. pÈnalitÈ. See Penal.] 1.
Penal retribution; punishment for crime or offense; the suffering in
person or property which is annexed by law or judicial decision to the
commission of a crime, offense, or trespass.

    Death is the penalty imposed.


Milton.

2. The suffering, or the sum to be forfeited, to which a person
subjects himself by covenant or agreement, in case of nonfulfillment of
stipulations; forfeiture; fine.

    The penalty and forfeit of my bond.


Shak.

3. A handicap. [Sporting Cant]

The term penalty is in law mostly applied to a pecuniary punishment.

Bill of pains and penalties. See under Bill. -- On, or Under, penalty
of, on pain of; with exposure to the penalty of, in case of
transgression.

Pen"ance (?), n. [OF. penance, peneance, L. paenitentia repentance. See
Penitence.] 1. Repentance. [Obs.] Wyclif (Luke xv. 7).

2. Pain; sorrow; suffering. [Obs.] "Joy or penance he feeleth none."
Chaucer.

3. (Eccl.) A means of repairing a sin committed, and obtaining pardon
for it, consisting partly in the performance of expiatory rites, partly
in voluntary submission to a punishment corresponding to the
transgression. Penance is the fourth of seven sacraments in the Roman
Catholic Church. Schaff- Herzog Encyc.

    And bitter penance, with an iron whip.


Spenser.

    Quoth he, "The man hath penance done, And penance more will do."


Coleridge.

Pen"ance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penanced (?).] To impose penance; to
punish. "Some penanced lady elf." Keats.

Pen"ance*less, a. Free from penance. [R.]

Pe*nang" nut` (?). [From the native name.] (Bot.) The betel nut.
Balfour (Cyc. of India).

Pen*an"nu*lar (?), a. [L. pene, paene, almost + E. annular.] Nearly
annular; having nearly the form of a ring. "Penannular relics." D.
Wilson.

Pe"na*ry (?), a. Penal. [Obs.] Gauden.

||Pe*na"tes (?), n. pl. [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) The household gods of the
||ancient Romans. They presided over the home and the family hearth.
||See Lar.

Pen"aunt (?), n. [OF. penant, peneant. See Penitent.] A penitent.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

Pence (?), n., pl. of Penny. See Penny.

Pen"cel (?), n. [See Pennoncel.] A small, narrow flag or streamer borne
at the top of a lance; -- called also pennoncel. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
Chaucer.

||Pen`chant" (?), n. [F., fr. pencher to bend, fr. (assumed) LL.
||pendicare, L. pendere. See Pendant.] Inclination; decided taste;
||bias; as, a penchant for art.

Pen"chute` (?), n. See Penstock.

Pen"cil (?), n. [OF. pincel, F. pinceau, L. penicillum, penicillus,
equiv. to peniculus, dim. of penis a tail. Cf. Penicil.] 1. A small,
fine brush of hair or bristles used by painters for laying on colors.

    With subtile pencil depainted was this storie.


Chaucer.

2. A slender cylinder or strip of black lead, colored chalk, slate
etc., or such a cylinder or strip inserted in a small wooden rod
intended to be pointed, or in a case, which forms a handle, -- used for
drawing or writing. See Graphite.

3. Hence, figuratively, an artist's ability or peculiar manner; also,
in general, the act or occupation of the artist, descriptive writer,
etc.

4. (Opt.) An aggregate or collection of rays of light, especially when
diverging from, or converging to, a point.

5. (Geom.) A number of lines that intersect in one point, the point of
intersection being called the pencil point.

6. (Med.) A small medicated bougie.

Pencil case, a holder for pencil lead. - - Pencil flower (Bot.), an
American perennial leguminous herb (Stylosanthes elatior). -- Pencil
lead, a slender rod of black lead, or the like, adapted for insertion
in a holder.

Pen"cil, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penciled (?) or Pencilled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Penciling or Pencilling.] To write or mark with a pencil; to paint or
to draw. Cowper.

    Where nature pencils butterflies on flowers.


Harte.

Pen"ciled (?), a. [Written also pencilled.] 1. Painted, drawn,
sketched, or marked with a pencil.

2. Radiated; having pencils of rays.

3. (Nat. Hist.) Marked with parallel or radiating lines.

Pen"cil*ing (?), n. [Written also pencilling.] 1. The work of the
pencil or bruch; as, delicate penciling in a picture.

2. (Brickwork) Lines of white or black paint drawn along a mortar joint
in a brick wall. Knight.

{ Pen"cil*late (?), Pen"cil*la`ted (?), } a. Shaped like a pencil;
penicillate.

Pen"craft (?), n. 1. Penmanship; skill in writing; chirography.

2. The art of composing or writing; authorship.

    I would not give a groat for that person's knowledge in pencraft.


Sterne.

<! p. 1060 !>

Pend (?), n. Oil cake; penock. [India]

Pend, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pended; p. pr. & vb. n. Pending.] [L.
pendere.] 1. To hang; to depend. [R.]

    Pending upon certain powerful motions.


I. Taylor.

2. To be undecided, or in process of adjustment.

Pend, v. t. [Cf. pen to shut in, or AS. pyndan, E. pound an inclosure.]
To pen; to confine. [R.]

    ended within the limits . . . of Greece.


Udall.

Pend"ant (?), n. [F., orig. p. pr. of pendre to hang, L. pendere. Cf.
Pendent, Pansy, Pensive, Poise, Ponder.] 1. Something which hangs or
depends; something suspended; a hanging appendage, especially one of an
ornamental character; as to a chandelier or an eardrop; also, an
appendix or addition, as to a book.

    Some hang upon the pendants of her ear.


Pope.

    Many . . . have been pleased with this work and its pendant, the
    Tales and Popular Fictions.


Keightley.

2. (Arch.) A hanging ornament on roofs, ceilings, etc., much used in
the later styles of Gothic architecture, where it is of stone, and an
important part of the construction. There are imitations in plaster and
wood, which are mere decorative features. "[A bridge] with . . .
pendants graven fair." Spenser.

3. (Fine Arts) One of a pair; a counterpart; as, one vase is the
pendant to the other vase.

4. A pendulum. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.

5. The stem and ring of a watch, by which it is suspended. [U.S.]
Knight.

Pendant post (Arch.), a part of the framing of an open timber roof; a
post set close against the wall, and resting upon a corbel or other
solid support, and supporting the ends of a collar beam or any part of
the roof.

Pend"ence (?), n. [See Pendent.] Slope; inclination. [Obs.] Sir H.
Wotton.

Pend"en*cy (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being pendent or
suspended.

2. The quality or state of being undecided, or in continuance;
suspense; as, the pendency of a suit. Ayliffe.

Pend"ent (?), a. [L. pendens, -entis, p. pr. of pendere to hang, to be
suspended. Cf. Pendant.] 1. Supported from above; suspended; depending;
pendulous; hanging; as, a pendent leaf. "The pendent world." Shak.

    Often their tresses, when shaken, with pendent icicles tinkle.


Longfellow.

2. Jutting over; projecting; overhanging. "A vapor sometime like a . .
. pendent rock." Shak.

Pen*den"tive (?), n. [F. pendentif, fr. L. pendere to hang.] (Arch.)
(a) The portion of a vault by means of which the square space in the
middle of a building is brought to an octagon or circle to receive a
cupola. (b) The part of a groined vault which is supported by, and
springs from, one pier or corbel.

Pend"ent*ly, adv. In a pendent manner.

Pen"dice (?), n. [Cf. Pentice.] A sloping roof; a lean-to; a penthouse.
[Obs.] Fairfax.

Pen"di*cle (?), n. [Cf. Appendicle.] An appendage; something dependent
on another; an appurtenance; a pendant. Sir W. Scott.

Pen*di*cler (?), n. An inferior tenant; one who rents a pendicle or
croft. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Pend"ing (?), a. [L. pendere to hang, to be suspended. Cf. Pendent.]
Not yet decided; in continuance; in suspense; as, a pending suit.

Pend"ing, prep. During; as, pending the trail.

Pen"drag*on (?), n. A chief leader or a king; a head; a dictator; -- a
title assumed by the ancient British chiefs when called to lead other
chiefs.

    The dread Pendragon, Britain's king of kings.


Tennyson.

Pen"du*lar (?), a. Pendulous.

Pen"du*late (?), v. i. To swing as a pendulum. [R.]

Pen"dule (?), n. [F.] A pendulum. [R.] Evelyn.

||Pen"du`line (?), n. [F. See Pendulum.] (Zoˆl.) A European titmouse
||(Parus, or ∆githalus, pendulinus). It is noted for its elegant
||pendulous purselike nest, made of the down of willow trees and lined
||with feathers.

Pen`du*los"i*ty (?), n. [See Pendulous.] The state or quality of being
pendulous. Sir T. Browne.

Pen"du*lous (?), a. [L. pendulus, fr. pendere to hang. Cf. Pendant, and
cf. Pendulum.] 1. Depending; pendent loosely; hanging; swinging. Shak.
"The pendulous round earth." Milton.

2. Wavering; unstable; doubtful. [R.] "A pendulous state of mind."
Atterbury.

3. (Bot.) Inclined or hanging downwards, as a flower on a recurved
stalk, or an ovule which hangs from the upper part of the ovary.

Pen"du*lous*ly, adv. In a pendulous manner.

Pen"du*lous*ness, n. The quality or state of being pendulous; the state
of hanging loosely; pendulosity.

Pen"du*lum (?), n.; pl. Pendulums (#). [NL., fr. L. pendulus hanging,
swinging. See Pendulous.] A body so suspended from a fixed point as to
swing freely to and fro by the alternate action of gravity and
momentum. It is used to regulate the movements of clockwork and other
machinery.

The time of oscillation of a pendulum is independent of the arc of
vibration, provided this arc be small.

Ballistic pendulum. See under Ballistic. -- Compensation pendulum, a
clock pendulum in which the effect of changes of temperature of the
length of the rod is so counteracted, usually by the opposite expansion
of differene metals, that the distance of the center of oscillation
from the center of suspension remains invariable; as, the mercurial
compensation pendulum, in which the expansion of the rod is compensated
by the opposite expansion of mercury in a jar constituting the bob; the
gridiron pendulum, in which compensation is effected by the opposite
expansion of sets of rodsof different metals. -- Compound pendulum, an
ordinary pendulum; -- so called, as being made up of different parts,
and contrasted with simple pendulum. -- Conical or Revolving, pendulum,
a weight connected by a rod with a fixed point; and revolving in a
horizontal cyrcle about the vertical from that point. -- Pendulum bob,
the weight at the lower end of a pendulum. -- Pendulum level, a plumb
level. See under Level. -- Pendulum wheel, the balance of a watch. --
Simple or Theoretical, pendulum, an imaginary pendulum having no
dimensions except length, and no weight except at the center of
oscillation; in other words, a material point suspended by an ideal
line.

||Pe*nel"o*pe (p*nl"*p), n. [From. L. Penelope, the wife of Ulysses,
||the hero of the Odyssey, Gr. Phnelo`ph.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of
||curassows, including the guans.

Pen`e*tra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈnÈtrabilitÈ.] The quality of being
penetrable; susceptibility of being penetrated, entered, or pierced.
Cheyne.

Pen"e*tra*ble (?), a. [L. penetrabilus: cf. F. pÈnÈtrable.] Capable of
being penetrated, entered, or pierced. Used also figuratively.

    And pierce his only penetrable part.


Dryden.

    I am not made of stones, But penetrable to your kind entreats.


Shak.

-- Pen"e*tra*ble*ness, n. -- Pen"e*tra*bly, adv.

Pen"e*trail (?), n. Penetralia. [Obs.] Harvey.

||Pen`e*tra"li*a (?), n. pl. [L., fr. penetralis penetrating, internal.
||See Penetrate.] 1. The recesses, or innermost parts, of any thing or
||place, especially of a temple or palace.

2. Hidden things or secrets; privacy; sanctuary; as, the sacred
penetralia of the home.

{ Pen"e*trance (?), Pen"e*tran*cy (?), } n. The quality or state of
being penetrant; power of entering or piercing; penetrating power of
quality; as, the penetrancy of subtile effluvia.

Pen"e*trant (?), a. [L. penetrans, p. pr. of penetrare: cf. F.
pÈnÈtrant.] Having power to enter or pierce; penetrating; sharp;
subtile; as, penetrant cold. "Penetrant and powerful arguments." Boyle.

Pen"e*trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penetrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Penetrating.] [L. penetratus, p. p. of penetrare to penetrate; akin to
penitus inward, inwardly, and perh. to pens with, in the power of,
penus store of food, innermost part of a temple.] 1. To enter into; to
make way into the interior of; to effect an entrance into; to pierce;
as, light penetrates darkness.

2. To affect profoundly through the senses or feelings; to touch with
feeling; to make sensible; to move deeply; as, to penetrate one's heart
with pity. Shak.

    The translator of Homer should penetrate himself with a sense of
    the plainness and directness of Homer's style.


M. Arnold.

3. To pierce into by the mind; to arrive at the inner contents or
meaning of, as of a mysterious or difficult subject; to comprehend; to
understand.

    Things which here were too subtile for us to penetrate.


Ray.

Pen"e*trate, v. i. To pass; to make way; to pierce. Also used
figuratively.

    Preparing to penetrate to the north and west.


J. R. Green.

    Born where Heaven's influence scarce can penetrate.


Pope.

    The sweet of life that penetrates so near.


Daniel.

Pen"e*tra`ting (?), a. 1. Having the power of entering, piercing, or
pervading; sharp; subtile; penetrative; as, a penetrating odor.

2. Acute; discerning; sagacious; quick to discover; as, a penetrating
mind.

Pen"e*tra`ting*ly, adv. In a penetrating manner.

Pen"e*tra`tion (?), n. [L. penetratio: cf. F. pÈnÈtration.] 1. The act
or process of penetrating, piercing, or entering; also, the act of
mentally penetrating into, or comprehending, anything difficult.

    And to each in ward part, With gentle penetration, though unseen,
    Shoots invisible virtue even to the deep.


Milton.

    A penetration into the difficulties of algebra.


Watts.

2. Acuteness; insight; sharp discoverment; sagacity; as, a person of
singular penetration. Walpole.

Syn. -- Discernment; sagacity; acuteness; sharpness; discrimination.
See Discernment, and Sagacity.

Pen"e*tra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈnÈtratif.] 1. Tending to penetrate; of
a penetrating quality; piercing; as, the penetrative sun.

    His look became keen and penetrative.


Hawthorne.

2. Having the power to affect or impress the mind or heart; impressive;
as, penetrative shame. Shak.

3. Acute; discerning; sagacious; as, penetrative wisdom. "The
penetrative eye." Wordsworth.

    Led on by skill of penetrative soul.


Grainger.

Pen"e*tra*tive*ness, n. The quality of being penetrative.

Pen"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A squid.

Pen"fold` (?), n. See Pinfold.

Pen"go*lin (?), n. (Zoˆl.)The pangolin.

Pen"guin (?), n. [Perh. orig. the name of another bird, and fr. W. pen
head + gwyn white; or perh. from a native South American name.] 1.
(Zoˆl.) Any bird of the order Impennes, or Ptilopteri. They are covered
with short, thick feathers, almost scalelike on the wings, which are
without true quills. They are unable to fly, but use their wings to aid
in diving, in which they are very expert. See King penguin, under
Jackass.

Penguins are found in the south temperate and antarctic regions. The
king penguins (Aptenodytes Patachonica, and A. longirostris) are the
largest; the jackass penguins (Spheniscus) and the rock hoppers
(Catarractes) congregate in large numbers at their breeding grounds.

2. (Bot.) The egg-shaped fleshy fruit of a West Indian plant (Bromelia
Pinguin) of the Pineapple family; also, the plant itself, which has
rigid, pointed, and spiny- toothed leaves, and is used for hedges.
[Written also pinguin.]

Arctic penguin (Zoˆl.), the great auk. See Auk.

Pen"guin*er*y (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A breeding place, or rookery, of
penguins.

Pen"hold`er (?), n. A handle for a pen.

Pen"house` (?), n. A penthouse. [Obs.]

Pen*i"ble (?), a. [OF. penible. Cf. Painable.] Painstaking; assidous.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

Pen"i*cil (?), n. [L. penicillum, penicillus, a painter's brush, a roil
of lint, a tent for wounds.] (mented.) A tent or pledget for wounds or
ulcers.

Pen`i*cil"late (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈnicillÈ. See Penicil.] (Biol.) Having
the form of a pencil; furnished with a pencil of fine hairs; ending in
a tuft of hairs like a camel's-hair brush, as the stigmas of some
grasses.

Pen`i*cil"li*form (?), a. (Bot.) Penicillate.

Pen*in"su*la (?), n. [L. peninsula or paeninsula; paene almost + insula
an island. See Isle.] A portion of land nearly surrounded by water, and
connected with a larger body by a neck, or isthmus.

Pen*in"su*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈninsulaire.] Of or pertaining to a
peninsula; as, a peninsular form; peninsular people; the peninsular
war.

Pen*in"su*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peninsulated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Peninsulating.] To form into a peninsula.

    South River . . . peninsulates Castle Hill farm.


W. Bentley.

Pe"nis (p"ns), n. [L.] (Anat.) The male member, or organ of generation.

Pen"i*tence (?), n. [F. pÈnitence, L. paenitentia. See Penitent, and
cf. Penance.] The quality or condition of being penitent; the
disposition of a penitent; sorrow for sins or faults; repentance;
contrition. "Penitence of his old guilt." Chaucer.

    Death is deferred, and penitenance has room To mitigate, if not
    reverse, the doom.


Dryden.

Syn. -- Repentance; contrition; compunction.

Pen"i*ten*cer (?), n. [F. pÈnitencier.] A priest who heard confession
and enjoined penance in extraordinary cases. [Written also penitenser.]
[Obs.] Chaucer.

Pen"i*ten*cy (?), n. Penitence. [Obs.]

Pen"i*tent (?), a. [F. pÈnitent, L. paenitens, -entis, poenitens, p.
pr. of paenitere, poenitere, to cause to repent, to repent; prob. akin
to poena punishment. See Pain.] 1. Feeling pain or sorrow on account of
sins or offenses; repentant; contrite; sincerely affected by a sense of
guilt, and resolved on amendment of life.

    Be penitent, and for thy fault contrite.


Milton.

    The pound he tamed, the penitent he cheered.


Dryden.

2. Doing penance. [Obs.] Shak.

Pen"i*tent, n. 1. One who repents of sin; one sorrowful on account of
his transgressions.

2. One under church censure, but admitted to penance; one undergoing
penance.

3. One under the direction of a confessor.

Penitents is an appellation given to certain fraternities in Roman
Catholic countries, distinguished by their habit, and employed in
charitable acts.

Pen`i*ten"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈnitentiel.] Of or pertaining to
penitence, or to penance; expressing penitence; of the nature of
penance; as, the penitential book; penitential tears. "Penitential
stripes." Cowper.

    Guilt that all the penitential fires of hereafter can not cleanse.


Sir W. Scott.

Pen`i*ten"tial, n. (R. C. Ch.) A book formerly used by priests hearing
confessions, containing rules for the imposition of penances; -- called
also penitential book.

Pen`i*ten"tial*ly, adv. In a penitential manner.

Pen`i*ten"tia*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈnitentiaire.] 1. Relating to
penance, or to the rules and measures of penance. "A penitentiary tax."
Abp. Bramhall.

2. Expressive of penitence; as, a penitentiary letter.

3. Used for punishment, discipline, and reformation. "Penitentiary
houses." Blackstone.

Pen`i*ten"tia*ry, n.; pl. Penitentiaries (#). [Cf. F. pÈnitencier. See
Penitent.] 1. One who prescribes the rules and measures of penance.
[Obs.] Bacon.

2. One who does penance. [Obs.] Hammond.

3. A small building in a monastery where penitents confessed. Shpiley.

4. That part of a church to which penitents were admitted. Shipley.

5. (R. C. Ch.) (a) An office of the papal court which examines cases of
conscience, confession, absolution from vows, etc., and delivers
decisions, dispensations, etc. Its chief is a cardinal, called the
Grand Penitentiary, appointed by the pope. (b) An officer in some
dioceses since A. D. 1215, vested with power from the bishop to absolve
in cases reserved to him.

6. A house of correction, in which offenders are confined for
punishment, discipline, and reformation, and in which they are
generally compelled to labor.

Pen`i*ten"tia*ry*ship, n. The office or condition of a penitentiary of
the papal court. [R.] Wood.

Pen"i*tent*ly, adv. In a penitent manner.

<! p. 1061 !>

Penk (?), n. A minnow. See Pink, n., 4. [Prov. Eng.] Walton.

Pen"knife` (?), n.; pl. Penknives (#). [Pen + knife.] A small
pocketknife; formerly, a knife used for making and mending quill pens.

Pen"man (?), n.; pl. Penmen (&?;). 1. One who uses the pen; a writer;
esp., one skilled in the use of the pen; a calligrapher; a writing
master.

2. An author; a composer. South.

Pen"man*ship, n. The use of the pen in writing; the art of writing;
style or manner of writing; chirography; as, good or bad penmanship.

||Pen"na (?), n.; pl. PennÊ (#). [L.] (Zoˆl.) A perfect, or normal,
||feather.

Pen"na"ceous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Like or pertaining to a normal feather.

Pen"nach (?), n. [OF. pennache. See Panache.] A bunch of feathers; a
plume. [Obs.] Holland.

Pen"nached (?), a. [Cf. OF. pennachÈ. See Panache.] Variegated;
striped. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Pen"nage (?), n. [L. penna feather.] Feathery covering; plumage. [Obs.]
Holland.

Pen"nant (?), n. [OE. penon, penoun, pynoun, OF. penon, F. pennon, fr.
L. penna feather. See Pen a feather, and cf. Pennon, Pinion.] (Naut.)
(a) A small flag; a pennon. The narrow, or long, pennant (called also
whip or coach whip) is a long, narrow piece of bunting, carried at the
masthead of a government vessel in commission. The board pennant is an
oblong, nearly square flag, carried at the masthead of a commodore's
vessel. "With flags and pennants trimmed." Drayton. (b) A rope or strap
to which a purchase is hooked.

{ Pen"nate (?), Pen"na*ted (?), } a. [L. pennatus feathered, winged,
from penna feather, wing.] 1. Winged; plume- shaped.

2. (Bot.) Same as Pinnate.

||Pen*nat"u*la (?), n.; pl. L. PennatulÊ (#), E. Pennatulas (#). [NL.,
||fr. L. penna a feather.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of
||Pennatula, Pteroides, and allied genera of Alcyonaria, having a
||featherlike form; a sea-pen. The zooids are situated along one edge
||of the side branches.

||Pen*nat`u*la"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pennatula.] (Zoˆl.) A division
||of alcyonoid corals, including the seapens and related kinds. They
||are able to move about by means of the hollow muscular peduncle,
||which also serves to support them upright in the mud. See Pennatula,
||and Illust. under Alcyonaria.

Penned (?), a. 1. Winged; having plumes. [Obs.]

2. Written with a pen; composed. "Their penned speech." Shak.

Pen"ner (?), n. 1. One who pens; a writer. Sir T. North.

2. A case for holding pens. [Obs.]

Pen"ni*form (?), a. [L. penna feather + -form: cf. F. penniforme.]
Having the form of a feather or plume.

Pen*nig"er*ous (?), a. [L. penniger; penna feather + gerere to bear.]
(Zoˆl.) Bearing feathers or quills.

Pen"ni*less (?), a. [From Penny.] Destitute of money; impecunious;
poor. -- Pen"ni*less*ness, n.

Pen"ni*nerved` (?), a. [L. penna feather + E. nerve.] Pinnately veined
or nerved.

Pen*nip"o*tent (?), a. [L. pennipotens; penna wing + potens strong.]
Strong of wing; strong on the wing. [Poetic] Davies (Holy Roode).

Pen"non (?), n. [Cf. Pinion.] A wing; a pinion. Milton.

Pen"non, n. [See Pennant.] A pennant; a flag or streamer. Longfellow.

{ Pen"non*cel`, Pen"non*celle` (?) }, n. [OF. penoncel. See Pennant.]
See Pencel.

Pen"ny (?), a. [Perh. a corruption of pun, for pound.] Denoting pound
weight for one thousand; -- used in combination, with respect to nails;
as, tenpenny nails, nails of which one thousand weight ten pounds.

Pen*ny, n.; pl. Pennies (#) or Pence (&?;). Pennies denotes the number
of coins; pence the amount of pennies in value. [OE. peni, AS. penig,
pening, pending; akin to D. penning, OHG. pfenning, pfenting, G.
pfennig, Icel. penningr; of uncertain origin.] 1. An English coin,
formerly of copper, now of bronze, the twelfth part of an English
shilling in account value, and equal to four farthings, or about two
cents; -- usually indicated by the abbreviation d. (the initial of
denarius).

"The chief Anglo-Saxon coin, and for a long period the only one,
corresponded to the denarius of the Continent . . . [and was] called
penny, denarius, or denier." R. S. Poole. The ancient silver penny was
worth about three pence sterling (see Pennyweight). The old Scotch
penny was only one twelfth the value of the English coin. In the United
States the word penny is popularly used for cent.

2. Any small sum or coin; a groat; a stiver. Shak.

3. Money, in general; as, to turn an honest penny.

    What penny hath Rome borne, What men provided, what munition sent?


Shak.

4. (Script.) See Denarius.

Penny cress (Bot.), an annual herb of the Mustard family, having round,
flat pods like silver pennies (Thlaspi arvense). Dr. Prior. -- Penny
dog (Zoˆl.), a kind of shark found on the South coast of Britain: the
tope. -- Penny father, a penurious person; a niggard. [Obs.] Robinson
(More's Utopia). -- Penny grass (Bot.), pennyroyal. [R.] -- Penny post,
a post carrying a letter for a penny; also, a mail carrier. -- Penny
wise, wise or prudent only in small matters; saving small sums while
losing larger; -- used chiefly in the phrase, penny wise and pound
foolish.

Pen"ny (?), a. Worth or costing one penny.

Pen"ny-a-lin"er (?), n. One who furnishes matter to public journals at
so much a line; a poor writer for hire; a hack writer. Thackeray.

Pen`ny*roy"al (?), n. [A corruption of OE. puliall royal. OE. puliall
is ultimately derived fr. L. puleium, or pulegium regium (so called as
being good against fleas), fr. pulex a flea; and royal is a translation
of L. regium, in puleium regium.] (Bot.) An aromatic herb (Mentha
Pulegium) of Europe; also, a North American plant (Hedeoma pulegioides)
resembling it in flavor.

Bastard pennyroyal (Bot.) See Blue curls, under Blue.

Pen"ny*weight` (?), n. A troy weight containing twenty-four grains, or
the twentieth part of an ounce; as, a pennyweight of gold or of
arsenic. It was anciently the weight of a silver penny, whence the
name.

Pen"ny*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A European trailing herb (Linaria
Cymbalaria) with roundish, reniform leaves. It is often cultivated in
hanging baskets.

March, or Water, pennywort. (Bot.) See under March.

Pen"ny*worth` (?), n. 1. A penny's worth; as much as may be bought for
a penny. "A dear pennyworth." Evelyn.

2. Hence: The full value of one's penny expended; due return for money
laid out; a good bargain; a bargain.

    The priests sold the better pennyworths.


Locke.

3. A small quantity; a trifle. Bacon.

Pen"ock (?), n. See Pend.

Pen`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to penology.

Pe*nol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in, or a student of, penology.

Pe*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, or L. poena, punishment + -logy.] The
science or art of punishment. [Written also púnology.]

Pen"rack` (?), n. A rack for pens not in use.

Pens (?), n., pl. of Penny. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pen"sa*tive (?), a. Pensive. [Obs.] Shelton.

Pen"sel (?), n. A pencel. Chaucer.

Pen"si*ble (?), a. Held aloft. [Obs.] Bacon.

Pen"sile (?), a. [L. pensilis, fr. pendere to hang: cf. OE. pensil. See
Pendant.] Hanging; suspended; pendent; pendulous. Bacon.

    The long, pensile branches of the birches.


W. Howitt.

Pen"sile*ness, n. State or quality of being pensile; pendulousness.

Pen"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. pensio a paying, payment, fr. pendere,
pensum, to weight, to pay; akin to pend&?;re to hang. See Pendant, and
cf. Spend.] 1. A payment; a tribute; something paid or given. [Obs.]

    The stomach's pension, and the time's expense.


Sylvester.

2. A stated allowance to a person in consideration of past services;
payment made to one retired from service, on account of age,
disability, or other cause; especially, a regular stipend paid by a
government to retired public officers, disabled soldiers, the families
of soldiers killed in service, or to meritorious authors, or the like.

    To all that kept the city pensions and wages.


1 Esd. iv. 56.

3. A certain sum of money paid to a clergyman in lieu of tithes. [Eng.]
Mozley & W.

4. [F., pronounced &?;.] A boarding house or boarding school in France,
Belgium, Switzerland, etc.

Pen"sion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pensioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pensioning.] To grant a pension to; to pay a regular stipend to; in
consideration of service already performed; -- sometimes followed by
off; as, to pension off a servant.

    One knighted Blackmore, and one pensioned Quarles.


Pope.

Pen"sion*a*ry (?), a. 1. Maintained by a pension; receiving a pension;
as, pensionary spies. Donne.

2. Consisting of a pension; as, a pensionary provision for maintenance.

Pen"sion*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Pensionaries (#). [Cf. F. pensionnaire. Cf.
Pensioner.] 1. One who receives a pension; a pensioner. E. Hall.

2. One of the chief magistrates of towns in Holland.

Grand pensionary, the title of the prime minister, or or president of
the Council, of Holland when a republic.

Pen"sion*er (?), n. 1. One in receipt of a pension; hence,
figuratively, a dependent.

    The fickle pensioners of Morpheus' train.


Milton.

    Old pensioners . . . of Chelsea Hospital.


Macaulay.

2. One of an honorable band of gentlemen who attend the sovereign of
England on state occasions, and receive an annual pension, or
allowance, of £150 and two horses.

3. [Cf. F. pensionnaire one who pays for his board. Cf. Pensionary, n.]
In the university of Cambridge, England, one who pays for his living in
commons; -- corresponding to commoner at Oxford. Ld. Lytton.

Pen"sive (?), a. [F. pensif, fr. penser to think, fr. L. pensare to
weigh, ponder, consider, v. intens. fr. pendere to weigh. See Pension,
Poise.] 1. Thoughtful, sober, or sad; employed in serious reflection;
given to, or favorable to, earnest or melancholy musing.

    The pensive secrecy of desert cell.


Milton.

    Anxious cares the pensive nymph oppressed.


Pope.

2. Expressing or suggesting thoughtfulness with sadness; as, pensive
numbers. Prior.

Pen"sived (?), a. Made pensive. [R.] Shak.

Pen"sive*ly (?), adv. In a pensive manner.

Pen"sive*ness, n. The state of being pensive; serious thoughtfulness;
seriousness. Hooker.

Pen"stock (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain; perh. fr. pen an inclosure +
stock.] 1. A close conduit or pipe for conducting water, as, to a water
wheel, or for emptying a pond, or for domestic uses.

2. The barrel of a wooden pump.

Pent (?), p. p. or a. [From Pen, v. t.] Penned or shut up; confined; --
often with up.

    Here in the body pent.


J. Montgomery.

    No pent-up Utica contracts your powers.


J. M. Sewall.

Pen"ta- (?). [Gr. &?;, a later combining form of &?; five. See Five.]
1. A combining form denoting five; as, pentacapsular; pentagon.

2. (Chem.) Denoting the degree of five, either as regards quality,
property, or composition; as, pentasulphide; pentoxide, etc. Also used
adjectively.

Pen`ta*ba"sic (?), a. [Penta- + basic.] (Chem.) Capable of uniting with
five molecules of a monacid base; having five acid hydrogen atoms
capable of substitution by a basic radical; -- said of certain acids.

Pen`ta*cap"su*lar (?), a. [Penta- + capsular.] (Bot.) Having five
capsules.

Pen`ta*che"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Penta-, and Achenium.] (Bot.) A dry
fruit composed of five carpels, which are covered by an epigynous calyx
and separate at maturity.

Pen`ta*chlo"ride (?), n. [Penta- + chloride.] (Chem.) A chloride having
five atoms of chlorine in each molecule.

Pen"ta*chord (?), n. [L. pentachordus five-stringed, Gr. &?;; &?; five
+ &?; string.] 1. An ancient instrument of music with five strings.

2. An order or system of five sounds. Busby.

Pen*tac"id (&?;), a. [Penta- + acid.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing,
or combining with, five molecules of a monobasic acid; having five
hydrogen atoms capable of substitution by acid residues; -- said of
certain complex bases.

Pen"ta*cle (?), n. [Gr. &?; five.] A figure composed of two equilateral
triangles intersecting so as to form a six-pointed star, -- used in
early ornamental art, and also with superstitious import by the
astrologers and mystics of the Middle Ages.

Pen`ta*coc"cous (?), a. [See Penta- , Coccus.] (Bot.) Composed of five
united carpels with one seed in each, as certain fruits.

Pen"ta*con`ter (?), n. (Gr. Antiq.) See Penteconter.

Pen*tac"ri*nin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A red and purple pigment found
in certain crinoids of the genus Pentacrinus.

Pen*tac"ri*nite (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. &?; a lily.] (Zoˆl.) Any species
of Pentacrinus.

Pen*tac"ri*noid (?), n. [Pentacrinus + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) An immature
comatula when it is still attached by a stem, and thus resembles a
Pentacrinus.

||Pen*tac"ri*nus (?), n. [NL. See Penta-, and Crinum.] (Zoˆl.) A genus
||of large, stalked crinoids, of which several species occur in deep
||water among the West Indies and elsewhere.

Pen*ta"cron (?), n.; pl. L. Pentacra (#), E. Pentacrons (#). [NL., fr.
Gr. &?; five + &?; a summit.] (Geom.) A solid having five summits or
angular points.

Pen`ta*cros"tic (?), n. [Penta- + acrostic.] A set of verses so
disposed that the name forming the subject of the acrostic occurs five
times -- the whole set of verses being divided into five different
parts from top to bottom.

Pen"tad (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a body of five, fr. &?; five.] (Chem.)
Any element, atom, or radical, having a valence of five, or which can
be combined with, substituted for, or compared with, five atoms of
hydrogen or other monad; as, nitrogen is a pentad in the ammonium
compounds.

Pen"tad, a. (Chem.) Having the valence of a pentad.

{ Pen`ta*dac"tyl, Pen`ta*dac"tyle } (?), a. [Gr. &?; with five fingers
or toes. See Penta- , and Dactyl.] 1. (Anat.) Having five digits to the
hand or foot.

2. Having five appendages resembling fingers or toes.

Pen`ta*dac"tyl*oid (?), a. [Pentadactyl + -oid.] (Anat.) Having the
form of, or a structure modified from, a pentadactyl limb.

Pen`ta*dec"ane (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. &?; ten.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of
the paraffin series, (C15H32) found in petroleum, tar oil, etc., and
obtained as a colorless liquid; -- so called from the fifteen carbon
atoms in the molecule.

Pen`ta*dec`a*to"ic (?), a. [Penta-  + decatoic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining
to, or derived from, pentadecane, or designating an acid related to it.

Pen`ta*decyl"ic (?), a. [Penta- + decylic.] (Chem.) Same as
Quindecylic.

Pen`ta*del"phous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. &?; brother.] (Bot.) Having the
stamens arranged in five clusters, those of each cluster having their
filaments more or less united, as the flowers of the linden.

<! p. 1062 !>

Pen"ta*fid (?), a. [Penta- + root of L. findere to split.] (Bot.)
Divided or cleft into five parts.

Pen"ta*glot (?), n. [Penta- + -glot, as in polyglot.] A work in five
different tongues.

Pen"ta*gon (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; (see Penta-) + gwni`a angle: cf. L.
pentagonium, F. pentagone.] (Geom.) A plane figure having five angles,
and, consequently, five sides; any figure having five angles.

Regular pentagon, a pentagon in which the angles are all equal, and the
sides all equal.

Pen*tag"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. pentagonal, pentagone, L. pentagonus,
pentagonius, Gr. &?;.] Having five corners or angles.

Pentagonal dodecahedron. See Dodecahedron, and Pyritohedron.

Pen*tag"o*nal*ly, adv. In the form of a pentagon; with five angles. Sir
T. Browne.

Pen*tag"o*nous (?), a. Pentagonal.

Pen"ta*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?;, neut. of &?; having five lines. See
Penta-, and -gram.] A pentacle or a pentalpha. "Like a wizard
pentagram." Tennyson.

{ Pen`ta*graph"ic (?), Pen`ta*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Corrupted fr.
pantographic, - ical.] Pantographic. See Pantograph.

||Pen`ta*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (see Penta-) + &?;
||female.] (Bot.) A LinnÊan order of plants, having five styles or
||pistils.

{ Pen`ta*gyn"i*an (?), Pen*tag"y*nous (?), } a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining
to plants of the order Pentagyna; having five styles.

Pen`ta*he"dral (?), a. Having five sides; as, a pentahedral figure.

Pen`ta*hed"ric*al (?), a. Pentahedral. [R.]

Pen`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. "e`dra seat, base.] A solid figure
having five sides.

Pen`ta*he"drous (?), a. Pentahedral. Woodward.

Pen"tail` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A peculiar insectivore (Ptilocercus Lowii) of
Borneo; -- so called from its very long, quill-shaped tail, which is
scaly at the base and plumose at the tip.

||Pen*tal"pha (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;: cf. F. pentalpha. See Penta-,
||and Alpha.] A five-pointed star, resembling five alphas joined at
||their bases; -- used as a symbol.

||Pen*tam"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pentamerous.] (Zoˆl.) An extensive
||division of Coleoptera, including those that normally have
||five-jointed tarsi. It embraces about half of all the known species
||of the Coleoptera.

Pen*tam"er*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Pentamera.

Pen*tam"er*ous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. &?; part.] 1. (Biol.) Divided
into, or consisting of, five parts; also, arranged in sets, with five
parts in each set, as a flower with five sepals, five petals, five, or
twice five, stamens, and five pistils.

2. (Zoˆl.) Belonging to the Pentamera.

||Pen*tam"e*rus (?), n. [NL. See Pentamerous.] (Paleon.) A genus of
||extinct Paleozoic brachiopods, often very abundant in the Upper
||Silurian.

Pentamerus limestone (Geol.), a Silurian limestone composed largely of
the shells of Pentamerus.

Pen*tam"e*ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; (see Penta-) + &?;
measure.] (Gr. & L.Pros.) A verse of five feet.

The dactylic pentameter consists of two parts separated by a diÊresis.
Each part consists of two dactyls and a long syllable. The spondee may
take the place of the dactyl in the first part, but not in the second.
The elegiac distich consists of the hexameter followed by the
pentameter. Harkness.

Pen*tam"e*ter, a. Having five metrical feet.

Pen`ta*meth"yl*ene (?), n. [Penta-  + methylene.] (Chem.) A
hypothetical hydrocarbon, C5H10, metameric with the amylenes, and the
nucleus of a large number of derivatives; -- so named because regarded
as composed of five methylene residues. Cf. Trimethylene, and
Tetramethylene.

||Pen*tan"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (see Penta-) + &?;, &?;,
||man, male.] (Bot.) A LinnÊan class of plants having five separate
||stamens.

{ Pen*tan"dri*an (?), Pen*tan"drous (?), } a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining
to the class Pentadria; having five stamens.

Pen"tane (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Any one of the three metameric
hydrocarbons, C5H12, of the methane or paraffin series. They are
colorless, volatile liquids, two of which occur in petroleum. So called
because of the five carbon atoms in the molecule.

Pen"tan`gle (?), n. [Penta- + angle.] A pentagon. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Pen*tan"gu*lar (?), a. [Penta- + angular.] Having five corners or
angles. [R.]

Pen`ta*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Penta- + petal.] (Bot.) Having five petals,
or flower leaves.

Pen*taph"yl*lous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. &?; leaf.] (Bot.) Having five
leaves or leaflets.

Pen*tap"o*dy (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. &?;, &?;, foot.] (Pros.) A measure
or series consisting of five feet.

Pen"tap*tote (?), n. [L. (pl.) pentaptota. Gr. &?; with five cases; &?;
(see Penta-) + &?; falling.] (Gram.) A noun having five cases.

Pen"tap*tych (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. &?;, &?;, a fold.] (Fine Arts) A
picture, or combination of pictures, consisting of a centerpiece and
double folding doors or wings, as for an altarpiece.

Pen"tar*chy (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. pentarchie. See Penta-, and
-archy.] A government in the hands of five persons; five joint rulers.
P. Fletcher. "The pentarchy of the senses." A. Brewer.

Pen"ta*spast (?), n. [L. pentaspaston, Gr. &?; (see Penta-) + &?; to
pull: cf. F. pentaspaste.] A purchase with five pulleys. [R.]

Pen`ta*sper"mous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. &?; seed.] (Bot.) Containing
five seeds.

Pen"ta*stich (?), n. [Gr. &?; of five verses; &?; (see Penta-) + &?;
line, verse.] A composition consisting of five verses.

Pen*tas"ti*chous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. &?; a row.] (Bot.) Having, or
arranged in, five vertical ranks, as the leaves of an apple tree or a
cherry tree.

||Pen`ta*stom"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. &?; (see Penta-) + &?; a
||mouth.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Linguatulina.

Pen"ta*style (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. &?; a pillar.] (Arch.) Having five
columns in front; - - said of a temple or portico in classical
architecture. -- n. A portico having five columns.

Pen"ta*teuch (?), n. [L. pentateuchus, Gr. &?;; &?; (see Penta-) + &?;
a tool, implement, a book, akin to &?; to prepare, make ready, and
perh. to E. text. See Five, and Text.] The first five books of the Old
Testament, collectively; -- called also the Law of Moses, Book of the
Law of Moses, etc.

Pen`ta*teu"chal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Pentateuch.

Pen`ta*thi*on"ic (?), a. [Penta- + thionic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an acid of sulphur obtained by leading hydrogen sulphide
into a solution of sulphur dioxide; -- so called because it contains
five atoms of sulphur.

||Pen*tath"lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; five + &?; a contest.]
||(Gr. Antiq.) A fivefold athletic performance peculiar to the great
||national games of the Greeks, including leaping, foot racing,
||wrestling, throwing the discus, and throwing the spear.

Pen`ta*tom"ic (?), a. [Penta- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Having five atoms
in the molecule. (b) Having five hydrogen atoms capable of
substitution.

Pen*tav"a*lent (?), a. [Penta- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.]
(Chem.) Having a valence of five; -- said of certain atoms and
radicals.

Pen"te*con`ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; (sc. &?;), fr. &?; fifty.] (Gr. Antiq.)
A Grecian vessel with fifty oars. [Written also pentaconter.]

Pen"te*cost (?), n. [L. pentecoste, Gr. &?; (sc. &?;) the fiftieth day,
Pentecost, fr. &?; fiftieth, fr. &?; fifty, fr. &?; five. See Five, and
cf. Pingster.] 1. A solemn festival of the Jews; -- so called because
celebrated on the fiftieth day (seven weeks) after the second day of
the Passover (which fell on the sixteenth of the Jewish month Nisan);
-- hence called, also, the Feast of Weeks. At this festival an offering
of the first fruits of the harvest was made. By the Jews it was
generally regarded as commemorative of the gift of the law on the
fiftieth day after the departure from Egypt.

2. A festival of the Roman Catholic and other churches in commemoration
of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles; which occurred on
the day of Pentecost; -- called also Whitsunday. Shak.

Pen`te*cos"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to Pentecost or to Whitsuntide.

Pen`te*cos"tals (?), n. pl. Offerings formerly made to the parish
priest, or to the mother church, at Pentecost. Shipley.

Pen`te*cos"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; fifty.] (Gr. Antiq.)
An officer in the Spartan army commanding fifty men. Mitford.

Pen`te*cos"ty (?), n.; pl. Pentecosties (#). [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the
fiftieth, &?; fifty.] (Gr. Antiq.) A troop of fifty soldiers in the
Spartan army; -- called also pentecostys. Jowett (Thucyd. ).

{ Pen*tel"ic (?), Pen*tel"i*can (?), } a. Of or pertaining to Mount
Pentelicus, near Athens, famous for its fine white marble quarries;
obtained from Mount Pentelicus; as, the Pentelic marble of which the
Parthenon is built.

Pen"tene (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Same as Amylene.

Pent"house` (?), n. [A corruption of pentice.] A shed or roof sloping
from the main wall or building, as over a door or window; a lean-to.
Also figuratively. "The penthouse of his eyes." Sir W. Scott.

Pent"house`, a. Leaning; overhanging. "Penthouse lid." Shak. "My
penthouse eyebrows." Dryden.

Pen"tice (?), n. [F. appentis a penthouse. See Append.] A penthouse.
[Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

Pen"tile` (?), n. See Pantile.

Pen"tine (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) An unsaturated hydrocarbon,
C5H8, of the acetylene series. Same as Valerylene.

Pen*to"ic (?), a. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or desingating,
an acid (called also valeric acid) derived from pentane.

Pen"tone (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Same as Valylene.

Pen*tox"ide (?), n. [Penta- + oxide.] (Chem.) An oxide containing five
atoms of oxygen in each molecule; as, phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5.

Pen"tre*mite (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any species of Pentremites.

||Pen`tre*mi"tes (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; five + L. remus an oar.]
||(Zoˆl.) A genus of crinoids belonging to the Blastoidea. They have
||five petal-like ambulacra.

Pent"roof` (?), n. [F. pente slope + E. roof, or from penthouse roof.]
See Lean-to.

Pen"trough` (?), n. A penstock.

Pen"tyl (?), n. [Penta + - yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical,
C5H11, of pentane and certain of its derivatives. Same as Amyl.

Pen*tyl"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, pentyl;
as, pentylic alcohol

{ Pe"nu*chle (?), Pin"o*cle (?) }, n. A game at cards, played with
forty-eight cards, being all the cards above the eight spots in two
packs.

Pe"nult (?), n. [Abbreviated fr. penultima.] (Gram. & Pros.) The last
syllable but one of a word; the syllable preceding the final one.

Pe*nul"ti*ma (?), n. [L. (sc. syllaba), fr. penultimus, paenultimus,
the last but one; paene almost + ultimus the last.] Same as Penult.

Pe*nul"ti*mate (?), a. Last but one; as, the penultimate syllable, the
last syllable but one of a word.

Pe*nul"ti*mate, n. The penult.

Pe*num"bra (?), n. [NL., fr. L. paene almost + umbra shade.] 1. An
incomplete or partial shadow.

2. (Astron.) The shadow cast, in an eclipse, where the light is partly,
but not wholly, cut off by the intervening body; the space of partial
illumination between the umbra, or perfect shadow, on all sides, and
the full light. Sir I. Newton.

The faint shade surrounding the dark central portion of a solar spot is
also called the penumbra, and sometimes umbra.

3. (Paint.) The part of a picture where the shade imperceptibly blends
with the light.

Pe*num"brala. Of or pertaining to a penumbra; resembling a penumbra;
partially illuminated.

Pe*nu"ri*ous (?), a. [From Penury.] 1. Excessively sparing in the use
of money; sordid; stingy; miserly. "A penurious niggard of his wealth."
Milton.

2. Not bountiful or liberal; scanty.

    Here creeps along a poor, penurious stream.


C. Pitt.

3. Destitute of money; suffering extreme want. [Obs.] "My penurious
band." Shak.

Syn. -- Avaricious; covetous; parsimonious; miserly; niggardly; stingy.
See Avaricious.

--Pe*nu"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Pe*nu"ri*ous*ness, n.

Pen"u*ry (?), n. [L. penuria; cf. Gr. &?; hunger, &?; poverty, need,
&?; one who works for his daily bread, a poor man, &?; to work for
one's daily bread, to be poor: cf. F. pÈnurie.] 1. Absence of
resources; want; privation; indigence; extreme poverty; destitution. "A
penury of military forces." Bacon.

    They were exposed to hardship and penury.


Sprat.

    It arises in neither from penury of thought.


Landor.

2. Penuriousness; miserliness. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Pen"wip`er (?), n. A cloth, or other material, for wiping off or
cleaning ink from a pen.

Pen"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Penwomen (&?;). A female writer; an authoress.
Johnson.

Pe"on (?), n. See Poon.

Pe"on, n. [Sp. peon, or Pg. pe&?;o, one who travels on foot, a foot
soldier, a pawn in chess. See Pawn in chess.] 1. A foot soldier; a
policeman; also, an office attendant; a messenger. [India]

2. A day laborer; a servant; especially, in some of the Spanish
American countries, debtor held by his creditor in a form of qualified
servitude, to work out a debt.

3. (Chess) See 2d Pawn.

Pe"on*age (?), n. The condition of a peon.

Pe"on*ism (?), n. Same as Peonage. D. Webster.

Pe"o*ny (?), n.; pl. Peonies (#). [OE. pione, pioine, pioni, OF. pione,
F. pivoine, L. paeonia, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, the god of healing. Cf.
PÊan.] (Bot.) A plant, and its flower, of the ranunculaceous genus
PÊonia. Of the four or five species, one is a shrub; the rest are
perennial herbs with showy flowers, often double in cultivation.
[Written also pÊony, and piony.]

<! p. 1063 !>

Peo"ple (?), n. [OE. peple, people, OF. pueple, F. peuple, fr. L.
populus. Cf. Populage, Public, Pueblo.] 1. The body of persons who
compose a community, tribe, nation, or race; an aggregate of
individuals forming a whole; a community; a nation.

    Unto him shall the gathering of the people be.


Gen. xlix. 10.

    The ants are a people not strong.


Prov. xxx. 25.

    Before many peoples, and nations, and tongues.


Rev. x. 11.

    Earth's monarchs are her peoples.


Whitter.

    A government of all the people, by all the people, for all the
    people.


T. Parker.

Peopleis a collective noun, generally construed with a plural verb, and
only occasionally used in the plural form (peoples), in the sense of
nations or races.

2. Persons, generally; an indefinite number of men and women; folks;
population, or part of population; as, country people; -- sometimes
used as an indefinite subject or verb, like on in French, and man in
German; as, people in adversity.

    People were tempted to lend by great premiums.


Swift.

    People have lived twenty-four days upon nothing but water.


Arbuthnot.

3. The mass of comunity as distinguished from a special class; the
commonalty; the populace; the vulgar; the common crowd; as, nobles and
people.

    And strive to gain his pardon from the people.


Addison.

4. With a possessive pronoun: (a) One's ancestors or family; kindred;
relations; as, my people were English. (b) One's subjects; fellow
citizens; companions; followers. "You slew great number of his people."
Shak.

Syn. -- People, Nation. When speaking of a state, we use people for the
mass of the community, as distinguished from their rulers, and nation
for the entire political body, including the rulers. In another sense
of the term, nation describes those who are descended from the same
stock; and in this sense the Germans regard themselves as one nation,
though politically subject to different forms of government.

Peo"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peopled p. pr. & vb. n. Peopling
(&?;).] [Cf. OF. popler, puepler, F. puepler. Cf. Populate.] To stock
with people or inhabitants; to fill as with people; to populate.
"Peopled heaven with angels." Dryden.

    As the gay motes that people the sunbeams.


Milton.

Peo"pled (?), a. Stocked with, or as with, people; inhabited. "The
peopled air." Gray.

Peo"ple*less, a. Destitute of people. Poe.

Peo"pler (?), n. A settler; an inhabitant. "Peoplers of the peaceful
glen." J. S. Blackie.

Peo"plish (?), a. Vulgar. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pe*o"ri*as (?), n. pl.; sing. Peoria (&?;). (Ethnol.) An Algonquin
tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited a part of Illinois.

Pe*pas"tic (?), a. & n. [Gr. &?; to ripen, suppurate: cf. F.
pÈpastique.] (Med.) Same as Maturative.

{ Pep"e*rine (?), ||Pep`e*ri"no (?), } n. [It. peperino, L. piper
pepper. So called on account of its color.] (Geol.) A volcanic rock,
formed by the cementing together of sand, scoria, cinders, etc.

||Pep"lis (?), n. [L., a kind of plant, Gr. &?;.] (Bot.) A genus of
||plants including water purslane.

||Pep"lus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. An upper garment worn by
||Grecian and Roman women.

2. A kind of kerchief formerly worn by Englishwomen. [Obs.] Fairholt.

||Pe"po (?), n. [L., a kind of melon, from Gr. &?;.] (Bot.) Any fleshy
||fruit with a firm rind, as a pumpkin, melon, or gourd. See Gourd.

Pep"per (?), n. [OE. peper, AS. pipor, L. piper, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, akin
to Skr. pippala, pippali.] 1. A well-known, pungently aromatic
condiment, the dried berry, either whole or powdered, of the Piper
nigrum.

Common, or black, pepper is made from the whole berry, dried just
before maturity; white pepper is made from the ripe berry after the
outer skin has been removed by maceration and friction. It has less of
the peculiar properties of the plant than the black pepper. Pepper is
used in medicine as a carminative stimulant.

2. (Bot.) The plant which yields pepper, an East Indian woody climber
(Piper nigrum), with ovate leaves and apetalous flowers in spikes
opposite the leaves. The berries are red when ripe. Also, by extension,
any one of the several hundred species of the genus Piper, widely
dispersed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the earth.

3. Any plant of the genus Capsicum, and its fruit; red pepper; as, the
bell pepper.

The term pepper has been extended to various other fruits and plants,
more or less closely resembling the true pepper, esp. to the common
varieties of Capsicum. See Capsicum, and the Phrases, below.

African pepper, the Guinea pepper. See under Guinea. -- Cayenne pepper.
See under Cayenne. -- Chinese pepper, the spicy berries of the
Xanthoxylum piperitum, a species of prickly ash found in China and
Japan. -- Guinea pepper. See under Guinea, and Capsicum. -- Jamaica
pepper. See Allspice. -- Long pepper. (a) The spike of berries of Piper
longum, an East Indian shrub. (b) The root of Piper, or Macropiper,
methysticum. See Kava. -- Malaguetta, or Meleguetta, pepper, the
aromatic seeds of the Amomum Melegueta, an African plant of the Ginger
family. They are sometimes used to flavor beer, etc., under the name of
grains of Paradise. -- Red pepper. See Capsicum. -- Sweet pepper bush
(Bot.), an American shrub (Clethra alnifolia), with racemes of fragrant
white flowers; -- called also white alder. -- Pepper box or caster, a
small box or bottle, with a perforated lid, used for sprinkling ground
pepper on food, etc. -- Pepper corn. See in the Vocabulary. -- Pepper
elder (Bot.), a West Indian name of several plants of the Pepper
family, species of Piper and Peperomia. -- Pepper moth (Zoˆl.), a
European moth (Biston betularia) having white wings covered with small
black specks. -- Pepper pot, a mucilaginous soup or stew of vegetables
and cassareep, much esteemed in the West Indies. -- Pepper root.
(Bot.). See Coralwort. -- pepper sauce, a condiment for the table, made
of small red peppers steeped in vinegar. -- Pepper tree (Bot.), an
aromatic tree (Drimys axillaris) of the Magnolia family, common in New
Zealand. See Peruvian mastic tree, under Mastic.

Pep"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peppered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peppering.]
1. To sprinkle or season with pepper.

2. Figuratively: To shower shot or other missiles, or blows, upon; to
pelt; to fill with shot, or cover with bruises or wounds. "I have
peppered two of them." "I am peppered, I warrant, for this world."
Shak.

Pep"per, v. i. To fire numerous shots (at).

Pep"per*brand` (?), n. (Bot.) See 1st Bunt.

Pep"per*corn` (?), n. 1. A dried berry of the black pepper (Piper
nigrum).

2. Anything insignificant; a particle.

Pep"per dulse` (?). (Bot.) A variety of edible seaweed (Laurencia
pinnatifida) distinguished for its pungency. [Scot.] Lindley.

Pep"per*er (?), n. A grocer; -- formerly so called because he sold
pepper. [Obs.]

Pep"per*grass` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) Any herb of the cruciferous genus
Lepidium, especially the garden peppergrass, or garden cress, Lepidium
sativum; -- called also pepperwort. All the species have a pungent
flavor. (b) The common pillwort of Europe (Pilularia globulifera). See
Pillwort.

Pep"per*idge (?), n. [Cf. NL. berberis, E. barberry.] (Bot.) A North
American tree (Nyssa multiflora) with very tough wood, handsome oval
polished leaves, and very acid berries, -- the sour gum, or common
tupelo. See Tupelo. [Written also piperidge and pipperidge.]

Pepperidge bush (Bot.), the barberry.

Pep"per*ing, a. Hot; pungent; peppery. Swift.

Pep"per*mint (?), n. [Pepper + mint.] 1. (Bot.) An aromatic and pungent
plant of the genus Mentha (M. piperita), much used in medicine and
confectionery.

2. A volatile oil (oil of peppermint) distilled from the fresh herb;
also, a well-known essence or spirit (essence of peppermint) obtained
from it.

3. A lozenge of sugar flavored with peppermint.

Peppermint camphor. (Chem.) Same as Menthol. -- Peppermint tree (Bot.),
a name given to several Australian species of gum tree (Eucalyptus
amygdalina, E. piperita, E. odorata, etc.) which have hard and durable
wood, and yield an essential oil.

Pep"per*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) See Peppergrass.

Pep"per*y (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to pepper; having the qualities
of pepper; hot; pungent.

2. Fig.: Hot-tempered; passionate; choleric.

Pep"sin (?), n. [Gr. &?; a cooking, digesting, digestion, fr. &?;, &?;,
to cook, digest: cf. F. pepsine. Cf. Dyspepsia.] (Physiol. Chem.) An
unorganized proteolytic ferment or enzyme contained in the secretory
glands of the stomach. In the gastric juice it is united with dilute
hydrochloric acid (0.2 per cent, approximately) and the two together
constitute the active portion of the digestive fluid. It is the active
agent in the gastric juice of all animals.

As prepared from the glandular layer of pigs' or calves' stomachs it
constitutes an important article of pharmacy.

Pep`sin*hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Same as
Peptohydrochloric.

Pep*sin"o*gen (?), n. [Pepsin + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.) The antecedent
of the ferment pepsin. A substance contained in the form of granules in
the peptic cells of the gastric glands. It is readily convertible into
pepsin. Also called propepsin.

Pep"tic (?), a. [L. pepticus, Gr. &?;. See Pepsin.] 1. Relating to
digestion; promoting digestion; digestive; as, peptic sauces.

2. Able to digest. [R.]

    Tolerably nutritive for a mind as yet so peptic.


Carlyle.

3. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to pepsin; resembling pepsin in its
power of digesting or dissolving albuminous matter; containing or
yielding pepsin, or a body of like properties; as, the peptic glands.

Pep"tic, n. 1. An agent that promotes digestion.

2. pl. The digestive organs.

    Is there some magic in the place, Or do my peptics differ?


Tennyson.

Pep"tics (?), n. The science of digestion.

Pep"to*gen (?), n. [Peptone + -gen.] (Physiol.) A substance convertible
into peptone.

Pep`to*gen"ic (?), a. Same as Peptogenous.

Pep*tog"e*nous (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Capable of yielding, or being
converted into, peptone.

Pep`to*hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a. [See Peptone, and Hydrochloric.]
(Physiol. Chem.) Designating a hypothetical acid (called
peptohydrochloric acid, pepsinhydrochloric acid, and chloropeptic acid)
which is supposed to be formed when pepsin and dilute (0.1-0.4 per
cent) hydrochloric acid are mixed together.

Pep"tone (?), n. [Gr. &?; cooked.] (Physiol. Chem.) (a) The soluble and
diffusible substance or substances into which albuminous portions of
the food are transformed by the action of the gastric and pancreatic
juices. Peptones are also formed from albuminous matter by the action
of boiling water and boiling dilute acids. (b) Collectively, in a
broader sense, all the products resulting from the solution of
albuminous matter in either gastric or pancreatic juice. In this case,
however, intermediate products (albumose bodies), such as antialbumose,
hemialbumose, etc., are mixed with the true peptones. Also termed
albuminose.

Pure peptones are of three kinds, amphopeptone, antipeptone, and
hemipeptone, and, unlike the albumose bodies, are not precipitated by
saturating their solutions with ammonium sulphate.

Pep"to*nize (?), v. t. (Physiol.) To convert into peptone; to digest or
dissolve by means of a proteolytic ferment; as, peptonized food.

Pep"to*noid (?), n. [Peptone + -oid.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance
related to peptone.

||Pep`to*nu"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Peptone, and Urine.] (Med.) The
||presence of peptone, or a peptonelike body, in the urine.

Pep`to*tox"ine (?), n. [Peptone + toxic + -ine.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
toxic alkaloid found occasionally associated with the peptones formed
from fibrin by pepsinhydrochloric acid.

Pe"quots (?), n. pl.; sing. Pequot (&?;). (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians
who formerly inhabited Eastern Connecticut. [Written also Pequods.]

Per- (?). [See Per.] 1. A prefix used to signify through, throughout,
by, for, or as an intensive as perhaps, by hap or chance; perennial,
that lasts throughout the year; perforce, through or by force;
perfoliate, perforate; perspicuous, evident throughout or very evident;
perplex, literally, to entangle very much.

2. (Chem.) Originally, denoting that the element to the name of which
it is prefixed in the respective compounds exercised its highest
valence; now, only that the element has a higher valence than in other
similar compounds; thus, barium peroxide is the highest oxide of
barium; while nitrogen and manganese peroxides, so-called, are not the
highest oxides of those elements.

Per (?), prep. [L. Cf. Far, For-, Pardon, and cf. Par, prep.] Through;
by means of; through the agency of; by; for; for each; as, per annum;
per capita, by heads, or according to individuals; per curiam, by the
court; per se, by itself, of itself. Per is also sometimes used with
English words.

Per annum, by the year; in each successive year; annually. -- Per cent,
Per centum, by the hundred; in the hundred; -- used esp. of proportions
of ingredients, rate or amount of interest, and the like; commonly used
in the shortened form per cent. -- Per diem, by the day. [For other
phrases from the Latin, see Quotations, Phrases, etc., from Foreign
Languages, in the Supplement.]

Per*act" (?), v. t. [L. peractus, p. p. of peragere.] To go through
with; to perform. [Obs.] Sylvester.

Per`a*cute" (?), a. [L. peracutus. See Per-, and Acute.] Very sharp;
very violent; as, a peracute fever. [R.] Harvey.

Per`ad*ven"ture (?), adv. & conj. [OE. per aventure, F. par aventure.
See Per, and Adventure.] By chance; perhaps; it may be; if; supposing.
"If peradventure he speak against me." Shak.

    Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the city.


Gen. xviii. 24.

Per`ad*ven"ture, n. Chance; hap; hence, doubt; question; as, proved
beyond peradventure. South.

Pe*rÊ"o*pod (?), n. [Gr. &?; on the opposite side + -pod.] (Zoˆl.) One
of the thoracic legs of a crustacean. See Illust. of Crustacea.

Per"a*grate (?), v. t. [L. peragratus, p. p. of peragrate.] To travel
over or through. [Obs.]

Per`agra"tion (?), n. [L. peragratio: cf. F. peragration.] The act or
state of passing through any space; as, the peragration of the moon in
her monthly revolution. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Per*am"bu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perambulated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Perambulating.] [L. perambulatus, p. p. of perambulare to
perambulate; per through + ambulare to walk. See Per-, and Amble.] To
walk through or over; especially, to travel over for the purpose of
surveying or examining; to inspect by traversing; specifically, to
inspect officially the boundaries of, as of a town or parish, by
walking over the whole line.

Per*am"bu*late, v. i. To walk about; to ramble; to stroll; as, he
perambulated in the park.

Per*am`bu*la"tion (?), n. 1. The act of perambulating; traversing.
Bacon.

2. An annual survey of boundaries, as of town, a parish, a forest, etc.

3. A district within which one is authorized to make a tour of
inspection. "The . . . bounds of his own perambulation." [Obs.]
Holyday.

Per*am"bu*la`tor (?), n. 1. One who perambulates.

2. A surveyor's instrument for measuring distances. It consists of a
wheel arranged to roll along over the ground, with an apparatus of
clockwork, and a dial plate upon which the distance traveled is shown
by an index. See Odometer.

3. A low carriage for a child, propelled by pushing.

||Per`a*me"les (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a pouch + L. meles a badger.]
||(Zoˆl.) Any marsupial of the genus Perameles, which includes numerous
||species found in Australia. They somewhat resemble rabbits in size
||and form. See Illust. under Bandicoot.

Per"bend (?), n. See Perpender.

Per"break` (?), n. [Obs.] See Parbreak.

Per*bro"mate (?), n. (Chem.)A salt of perbromic acid.

Per*bro"mic (?), a. [Pref. per- + bromic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, the highest oxygen acid, HBrO4, of bromine.

Per*bro"mide (?), n. (Chem.) A bromide having a higher proportion of
bromine than any other bromide of the same substance or series.

||Per"ca (?), n. [L., a perch.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of fishes, including
||the fresh-water perch.

||Per`cale" (?), n. [F.] A fine cotton fabric, having a linen finish,
||and often printed on one side, - - used for women's and children's
||wear.

||Per`ca`line" (?), n. [F.] A fine kind of French cotton goods, usually
||of one color.

Per*car"bide (?), n. [Pref. per- + carbide.] (Chem.)A compound
containing a relatively large amount of carbon. [R.]

Per*car"bu*ret (?), n. [Pref. per-  + carburet.] (Chem.) A percarbide.
[Obsoles.]

Per*car"bu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.) Combined with a relatively large amount
of carbon.

Per*case" (?), adv. [OE. per cas. See Parcase.] Perhaps; perchance.
[Obs.] Bacon.

Perce (?), v. t. To pierce. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Per*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being perceived; perceptible. --
Per*ceiv"a*bly, adv.

Per*ceiv"ance (?), n. Power of perceiving. [Obs.] "The senses and
common perceivance." Milton.

Per*ceive" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perceived (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perceiving.] [OF. percevoir, perceveir, L. percipere, perceptum; per
(see Per-) + capere to take, receive. See Capacious, and cf.
Perception.] 1. To obtain knowledge of through the senses; to receive
impressions from by means of the bodily organs; to take cognizance of
the existence, character, or identity of, by means of the senses; to
see, hear, or feel; as, to perceive a distant ship; to perceive a
discord. Reid.

2. To take intellectual cognizance of; to apprehend by the mind; to be
convinced of by direct intuition; to note; to remark; to discern; to
see; to understand.

    Jesus perceived their wickedness.


Matt. xxii. 18.

    You may, fair lady, Perceive I speak sincerely.


Shak.

    Till we ourselves see it with our own eyes, and perceive it by our
    own understandings, we are still in the dark.


Locke.

3. To be affected of influented by. [R.]

    The upper regions of the air perceive the collection of the matter
    of tempests before the air here below.


Bacon.

Syn. -- To discern; distinguish; observe; see; feel; know; understand.
-- To Perceive, Discern. To perceive a thing is to apprehend it as
presented to the senses or the intellect; to discern is to mark
differences, or to see a thing as distinguished from others around it.
We may perceive two persons afar off without being able to discern
whether they are men or women. Hence, discern is often used of an act
of the senses or the mind involving close, discriminating, analytical
attention. We perceive that which is clear or obvious; we discern that
which requires much attention to get an idea of it. "We perceive light,
darkness, colors, or the truth or falsehood of anything. We discern
characters, motives, the tendency and consequences of actions, etc."
Crabb.

<! p. 1064 !>

Per*ceiv"er (?), n. One who perceives (in any of the senses of the
verb). Milton.

Perce"ly (?), n. Parsley. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Per*cent"age (?), n. [Per cent + -age, as in average. See Per, and
Cent.] (Com.) A certain rate per cent; the allowance, duty, rate of
interest, discount, or commission, on a hundred.

Per"cept (?), n. [From L. percipere, perceptum.] That which is
perceived. Sir W. Hamilton.

    The modern discussion between percept and concept, the one
    sensuous, the other intellectual.


Max M¸ller.

Per*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. perceptibilitÈ.] 1. The quality or
state of being perceptible; as, the perceptibility of light or color.

2. Perception. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Per*cep"ti*ble (?), a. [L. perceptibilis: cf. F. perceptible. See
Perceive.] Capable of being perceived; cognizable; discernible;
perceivable.

    With a perceptible blast of the air.


Bacon.

-- Per*cep"ti*ble*ness, n. -- Per*cep"ti*bly, adv.

Per*cep"tion (?), n. [L. perceptio: cf. F. perception. See Perceive.]
1. The act of perceiving; cognizance by the senses or intellect;
apperhension by the bodily organs, or by the mind, of what is presented
to them; discernment; apperhension; cognition.

2. (Metaph.) The faculty of perceiving; the faculty, or peculiar part,
of man's constitution by which he has knowledge through the medium or
instrumentality of the bodily organs; the act of apperhending material
objects or qualities through the senses; -- distinguished from
conception. Sir W. Hamilton.

    Matter hath no life nor perception, and is not conscious of its own
    existence.


Bentley.

3. The quality, state, or capability, of being affected by something
external; sensation; sensibility. [Obs.]

    This experiment discovereth perception in plants.


Bacon.

4. An idea; a notion. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

"The word perception is, in the language of philosophers previous to
Reid, used in a very extensive signification. By Descartes,
Malebranche, Locke, Leibnitz, and others, it is employed in a sense
almost as unexclusive as consciousness, in its widest signification. By
Reid this word was limited to our faculty acquisitive of knowledge, and
to that branch of this faculty whereby, through the senses, we obtain a
knowledge of the external world. But his limitation did not stop here.
In the act of external perception he distinguished two elements, to
which he gave the names of perception and sensation. He ought perhaps
to have called these perception proper and sensation proper, when
employed in his special meaning." Sir W. Hamilton.

Per*cep"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. perceptif.] Of or pertaining to the act or
power of perceiving; having the faculty or power of perceiving; used in
perception. "His perceptive and reflective faculties." Motley.

Per`cep*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being perceptive;
power of perception. Locke.

||Per*ces"o*ces (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. perca a perch + esox, -ocis, a
||pike.] (Zoˆl.) An order of fishes including the gray mullets (Mugil),
||the barracudas, the silversides, and other related fishes. So called
||from their relation both to perches and to pikes.

Perch (prch), n. [Written also pearch.] [OE. perche, F. perche, L.
perca, fr. Gr. pe`rkh; cf. perkno`s dark-colored, Skr. pÁni spotted,
speckled, and E. freckle.] (Zoˆl.) 1. Any fresh-water fish of the genus
Perca and of several other allied genera of the family PercidÊ, as the
common American or yellow perch (Perca flavescens, or Americana), and
the European perch (P. fluviatilis).

2. Any one of numerous species of spiny-finned fishes belonging to the
PercidÊ, SerranidÊ, and related families, and resembling, more or less,
the true perches.

Black perch. (a) The black bass. (b) The flasher. (c) The sea bass. --
Blue perch, the cunner. -- Gray perch, the fresh-water drum. -- Red
perch, the rosefish. -- Red-bellied perch, the long- eared pondfish. --
Perch pest, a small crustacean, parasitic in the mouth of the perch. --
Silver perch, the yellowtail. -- Stone, or Striped, perch, the pope. --
White perch, the Roccus, or Morone, Americanus, a small silvery
serranoid market fish of the Atlantic coast.

Perch (?), n. [F. perche, L. pertica.] 1. A pole; a long staff; a rod;
esp., a pole or other support for fowls to roost on or to rest on; a
roost; figuratively, any elevated resting place or seat.

    As chauntecleer among his wives all Sat on his perche, that was in
    his hall.


Chaucer.

    Not making his high place the lawless perch Of winged ambitions.


Tennyson.

2. (a) A measure of length containing five and a half yards; a rod, or
pole. (b) In land or square measure: A square rod; the 160th part of an
acre. (c) In solid measure: A mass 16Ω feet long, 1 foot in height, and
1Ω feet in breadth, or 24æ cubic feet (in local use, from 22 to 25
cubic feet); -- used in measuring stonework.

3. A pole connecting the fore gear and hind gear of a spring carriage;
a reach.

Perch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perching.] [F.
percher. See Perch a pole.] To alight or settle, as a bird; to sit or
roost.

    Wrens make prey where eagles dare not perch.


Shak.

Perch, v. t. 1. To place or to set on, or as on, a perch.

2. To occupy as a perch. Milton.

Per*chance" (?), adv. [F. par by (L. per) + chance. See Par, and
Chance.] By chance; perhaps; peradventure.

Perch"ant (?), n. [F.] A bird tied by the foot, to serve as decoy to
other birds by its fluttering.

Perch"er (?), n. [From Perch, v. i.] 1. One who, or that which,
perches. J. Burroughs.

2. One of the Insessores.

3. [From Perch a pole.] A Paris candle anciently used in England; also,
a large wax candle formerly set upon the altar. [Obs.] Bailey.

Per"che*ron (?), n. [F.] One of a breed of draught horses originating
in Perche, an old district of France; -- called also Percheron-Norman.

Per*chlo"rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of perchloric acid.

Per*chlo"ric (?), a. [Pref. per- + chloric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, the highest oxygen acid (HClO4), of chlorine; -- called
also hyperchloric.

Per*chlo"ride (?), n. (Chem.) A chloride having a higher proportion of
chlorine than any other chloride of the same substance or series.

Per*chro"mic (?), a. [Pref. per- + chromic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, a certain one of the highly oxidized compounds of
chromium, which has a deep blue color, and is produced by the action of
hydrogen peroxide.

Per"ci*form (?), a. [NL., & L. perca a perch + -form.] (Zoˆl.)
Pertaining to the Perciformes.

||Per`ci*for"mes (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) An extensive tribe or
||suborder of fishes, including the true perches (PercidÊ); the
||pondfishes (CentrarchidÊ); the sciÊnoids (SciÊnidÊ); the sparoids
||(SparidÊ); the serranoids (SerranidÊ), and some other related
||families.

{ Per*cip"i*ence (?), Per*cip"i*en*cy (?), } n. The faculty, act or
power of perceiving; perception. Mrs. Browning.

Per*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. percipiens, -entis, p. pr. of percipere. See
Perceive.] Having the faculty of perception; perceiving; as, a
percipient being. Bentley. -- n. One who, or that which, is percipient.
Glanvill.

Per*close" (?), n. [OF. parclose an inclosed place; L. per through +
claudere, clausum, to shut.] 1. (Eccl. Arch.) Same as Parclose.

2. Conclusion; end. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

Per"coid (?), a. [L. perca a perch + -oid: cf. F. percoÔde.] (Zoˆl.)
Belonging to, or resembling, the perches, or family PercidÊ. -- n. Any
fish of the genus Perca, or allied genera of the family PercidÊ.

||Per*coi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Perciformes.

Per"co*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Percolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Percolating.] [L. percolatus, p. p. of percolare to percolate; per
through + colare to strain.] To cause to pass through fine interstices,
as a liquor; to filter; to strain. Sir M. Hale.

Per"co*late, v. i. To pass through fine interstices; to filter; as,
water percolates through porous stone.

Per`co*la"tion (?), n. [L. percolatio.] The act or process of
percolating, or filtering; filtration; straining. Specifically
(Pharm.), the process of exhausting the virtues of a powdered drug by
letting a liquid filter slowly through it.

Per"co*la`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, filters. "[Tissues] act
as percolators." Henfrey.

||Per`co*mor"phi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. perca perch + Gr. &?; form.]
||(Zoˆl.) A division of fishes including the perches and related kinds.

Per"cu*laced (?), a. [Prob. corrupt. fr. portcullised.] (Her.)
Latticed. See Lattice, n., 2.

Per*cur"rent (?), a. [L. percurrens, p. pr. of percurrere to run
through; per through + currere to run.] Running through the entire
length.

Per*cur"so*ry (?), a. [L. percursor one who runs through, fr.
percurrere. See Percurrent.] Running over slightly or in haste;
cursory. [R.]

Per*cuss" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Percussed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Percussing.] [L. percussus, p. p. of percutere; per + quatere to shake,
strike. See Quash.] To strike smartly; to strike upon or against; as,
to percuss the chest in medical examination.

    Flame percussed by air giveth a noise.


Bacon.

Per*cuss", v. i. (Med.) To strike or tap in an examination by
percussion. See Percussion, 3. Quain.

Per*cus"sion (?), n. [L. percussio: cf. F. percussion. See Percuss.] 1.
The act of percussing, or striking one body against another; forcible
collision, esp. such as gives a sound or report. Sir I. Newton.

2. Hence: The effect of violent collision; vibratory shock; impression
of sound on the ear.

    The thunderlike percussion of thy sounds.


Shak.

3. (Med.) The act of tapping or striking the surface of the body in
order to learn the condition of the parts beneath by the sound emitted
or the sensation imparted to the fingers. Percussion is said to be
immediate if the blow is directly upon the body; if some interventing
substance, as a pleximeter, is, used, it is called mediate.

Center of percussion. See under Center. -- Percussion bullet, a bullet
containing a substance which is exploded by percussion; an explosive
bullet. -- Percussion cap, a small copper cap or cup, containing
fulminating powder, and used with a percussion lock to explode
gunpowder. -- Percussion fuze. See under Fuze. -- Percussion lock, the
lock of a gun that is fired by percussion upon fulminating powder. --
Percussion match, a match which ignites by percussion. -- Percussion
powder, powder so composed as to ignite by slight percussion;
fulminating powder. -- Percussion sieve, Percussion table, a machine
for sorting ores by agitation in running water.

Per*cuss"ive (?), a. Striking against; percutient; as, percussive
force.

Per*cu"tient (?), a. [L. percutiens, p. pr. of percutere. See Percuss.]
Striking; having the power of striking. -- n. That which strikes, or
has power to strike. Bacon.

Per"di*cine (?), a. [See Perdix.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the
family PerdicidÊ, or partridges.

Per*die" (?), adv. See Parde. Spenser.

Per"di*foil (?), n. [L. perdere to lose + folium leaf.] (Bot.) A
deciduous plant; - - opposed to evergreen. J. Barton.

Per*di"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. perditio, fr. perdere, perditum, to
ruin, to lose; per (cf. Skr. par away) + -dere (only in comp.) to put;
akin to Gr. &?;, E. do. See Do.] 1. Entire loss; utter destruction;
ruin; esp., the utter loss of the soul, or of final happiness in a
future state; future misery or eternal death.

    The mere perdition of the Turkish fleet.


Shak.

    If we reject the truth, we seal our own perdition.


J. M. Mason.

2. Loss of diminution. [Obs.] Shak.

Per*di"tion*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being ruined; worthy of perdition.
[R.] Pollok.

||Per"dix (pr"dks), n. [L., a partridge, Gr. pe`rdix.] (Zoˆl.) A genus
||of birds including the common European partridge. Formerly the word
||was used in a much wider sense to include many allied genera.

Per*du" (pr*d" or pr"d), n. [See Perdu, a.] 1. One placed on watch, or
in ambush.

2. A soldier sent on a forlorn hope. Shak.

{ Per*du", Per*due" } (pr*d" or pr"d), a. [F. perdu, f. perdue, lost,
p. p. of perdre to lose, L. perdere. See Perdition.] 1. Lost to view;
in concealment or ambush; close.

    He should lie perdue who is to walk the round.


Fuller.

2. Accustomed to, or employed in, desperate enterprises; hence,
reckless; hopeless. "A perdue captain." Beau. & Fl.

Per`du*el"lion (?), n. [L. perduellio; per + duellum, bellum, war.]
(Civil Law) Treason.

Per"du*lous (?), a. [See Perdu, a.] Lost; thrown away. [Obs.] Abp.
Bramhall.

Per*dur`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Durability; lastingness. [Archaic] Chaucer.

Per*dur"a*ble (pr*dr"*b'l; 277), n. [Cf. F. perdurable, OE. pardurable.
See Perdure.] Very durable; lasting; continuing long. [Archaic]
Chaucer. Shak.

-- Per*dur"a*bly, adv. [Archaic]

{ Per*dur"ance (pr*dr"ans), Per`du*ra"tion (pr`d*r"shn), } n. Long
continuance. [Archaic]

Per*dure" (pr*dr"), v. i. [L. perdurare; per through + durare to last.]
To last or endure for a long time; to be perdurable or lasting.
[Archaic]

    The mind perdures while its energizing may construct a thousand
    lines.


Hickok.

Per*dy" (?), adv. Truly. See Parde. [Obs.]

    Ah, dame! perdy ye have not done me right.


Spenser.

Pere (?), n. A peer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Per*e"gal (?), a. [OF. par very (L. per) + egal equal, L. aequalis.]
Fully equal. [Obs.] Chaucer. "Peregal to the best." Spenser.

Per"e*gri*nate (?), v. i. [L. peregrinatus, p. p. of peregrinari to
travel. See Pilgrim.] To travel from place to place, or from one
country to another; hence, to sojourn in foreign countries.

Per"e*gri*nate (?), a. [L. peregrinatus, p. p.] Having traveled;
foreign. [Obs.] Shak.

Per`e*gri*na"tion (?), n. [L. peregrinatio: cf. F. pÈrÈgrination.] A
traveling from one country to another; a wandering; sojourn in foreign
countries. "His peregrination abroad." Bacon.

Per"e*gri*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One who peregrinates; one who travels
about.

Per"e*grine (?), a. [L. peregrinus. See Pilgrim.] Foreign; not native;
extrinsic or from without; exotic. [Spelt also pelegrine.] "Peregrine
and preternatural heat." Bacon.

Peregrine falcon (Zoˆl.), a courageous and swift falcon (Falco
peregrinus), remarkable for its wide distribution over all the
continents. The adult plumage is dark bluish ash on the back, nearly
black on the head and cheeks, white beneath, barred with black below
the throat. Called also peregrine hawk, duck hawk, game hawk, and
great-footed hawk.

Per"e*grine (?), n. The peregrine falcon.

Per`e*grin"i*ty (?), n. [L. peregrinitas: cf. F. pÈrÈgrinitÈ.] 1.
Foreignness; strangeness. [Obs.] "Somewhat of a peregrinity in their
dialect." Johnson.

2. Travel; wandering. [R.] Carlyle.

<! p. 1065 !>

Per"el (?), n. Apparel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Per*empt" (?), v. t. [L. peremptus, p. p. of perimere to take away
entirely, to destroy; per (see Per-) + OL. emere to take. See Redeem.]
(Law) To destroy; to defeat. [R.] Ayliffe.

Per*emp"tion (?), n. [L. peremptio: cf. F. pÈremption.] (Law) A
quashing; a defeating. [Obs.]

Per"emp*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a peremptory manner; absolutely;
positively. Bacon.

Per"emp*to*ri*ness, n. The quality of being peremptory; positiveness.

Per"emp*to*ry (?), a. [L. peremptorius destructive, deadly, decisive,
final: cf. F. pÈremptorie. See Perempt.] 1. Precluding debate or
expostulation; not admitting of question or appeal; positive; absolute;
decisive; conclusive; final.

    Think of heaven with hearty purposes and peremptory designs to get
    thither.


Jer. Taylor.

2. Positive in opinion or judgment; decided; dictatorial; dogmatical.

    Be not too positive and peremptory.


Bacon.

    Briefly, then, for we are peremptory.


Shak.

3. Firmly determined; unawed. [Poetic] Shak.

Peremptory challenge (Law) See under Challenge. -- Peremptory mandamus,
a final and absolute mandamus. -- Peremptory plea, a plea by a
defendant tending to impeach the plaintiff's right of action; a plea in
bar.

Syn. -- Decisive; positive; absolute; authoritative; express;
arbitrary; dogmatical.

Per*en"ni*al (?), a. [L. perennis that lasts the whole year through;
per through + annus year. See Per-, and Annual.] 1. ing or continuing
through the year; as, perennial fountains.

2. Continuing without cessation or intermission; perpetual; unceasing;
never failing.

    The perennial existence of bodies corporate.


Burke.

3. (Bot.) Continuing more than two years; as, a perennial steam, or
root, or plant.

Syn. -- Perpetual; unceasing; never failing; enduring; continual;
permanent; uninterrupted.

Per*en"ni*al, n. (Bot.) A perennial plant; a plant which lives or
continues more than two years, whether it retains its leaves in winter
or not.

Per*en"ni*al*ly, adv. In a perennial manner.

||Per*en`ni*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Perennial, and
||Branchia.] (Zoˆl.) Those Batrachia which retain their gills through
||life, as the menobranchus.

Per*en`ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [See Perennial, and Branchiate.] 1.
(Anat.) Having branchÊ, or gills, through life; -- said especially of
certain Amphibia, like the menobranchus. Opposed to caducibranchiate.

2. (Zoˆl.) Belonging to the Perennibranchiata.

Per*en"ni*ty (?), n. [L. perennitas.] The quality of being perennial.
[R.] Derham.

Per`er*ra"tion (?), n. [L. pererrare, pererratum, to wander through.] A
wandering, or rambling, through various places. [R.] Howell.

Per"fect (?), a. [OE. parfit, OF. parfit, parfet, parfait, F. parfait,
L. perfectus, p. p. of perficere to carry to the end, to perform,
finish, perfect; per (see Per-) + facere to make, do. See Fact.] 1.
Brought to consummation or completeness; completed; not defective nor
redundant; having all the properties or qualities requisite to its
nature and kind; without flaw, fault, or blemish; without error;
mature; whole; pure; sound; right; correct.

    My strength is made perfect in weakness.


2 Cor. xii. 9.

    Three glorious suns, each one a perfect sun.


Shak.

    I fear I am not in my perfect mind.


Shak.

    O most entire perfect sacrifice!


Keble.

    God made thee perfect, not immutable.


Milton.

2. Well informed; certain; sure.

    I am perfect that the Pannonains are now in arms.


Shak.

3. (Bot.) Hermaphrodite; having both stamens and pistils; -- said of
flower.

Perfect cadence (Mus.), a complete and satisfactory close in harmony,
as upon the tonic preceded by the dominant. -- Perfect chord (Mus.), a
concord or union of sounds which is perfectly coalescent and agreeable
to the ear, as the unison, octave, fifth, and fourth; a perfect
consonance; a common chord in its original position of keynote, third,
fifth, and octave. -- Perfect number (Arith.), a number equal to the
sum of all its divisors; as, 28, whose aliquot parts, or divisors, are
14, 7, 4, 2, 1. See Abundant number, under Abundant. Brande & C. --
Perfect tense (Gram.), a tense which expresses an act or state
completed.

Syn. -- Finished; consummate; complete; entire; faultless; blameless;
unblemished.

Per"fect (?), n. The perfect tense, or a form in that tense.

Per"fect (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perfecting.] [L. perfectus, p. p. of perficere. See Perfect, a.] To
make perfect; to finish or complete, so as to leave nothing wanting; to
give to anything all that is requisite to its nature and kind.

    God dwelleth in us, and his love is perfect in us.


1 John iv. 12.

    Inquire into the nature and properties of the things, . . . and
    thereby perfect our ideas of their distinct species.


Locke.

Perfecting press (Print.), a press in which the printing on both sides
of the paper is completed in one passage through the machine.

Syn. -- To finish; accomplish; complete; consummate.

Per"fect*er (?), n. One who, or that which, makes perfect. "The . . .
perfecter of our faith." Barrow.

Per*fect`i*bil"i*an (?), n. A perfectionist. [R.] Ed. Rev.

Per`fec*tib"i*list (?), n. A perfectionist. See also Illuminati, 2.
[R.]

Per*fect`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. perfectibilitÈ.] The quality or
state of being perfectible.

Per*fect"i*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. perfectible.] Capable of becoming, or
being made, perfect.

Per*fec"tion (?), n. [F. perfection, L. perfectio.] 1. The quality or
state of being perfect or complete, so that nothing requisite is
wanting; entire development; consummate culture, skill, or moral
excellence; the highest attainable state or degree of excellence;
maturity; as, perfection in an art, in a science, or in a system;
perfection in form or degree; fruits in perfection.

2. A quality, endowment, or acquirement completely excellent; an ideal
faultlessness; especially, the divine attribute of complete excellence.
Shak.

    What tongue can her perfections tell?


Sir P. Sidney.

To perfection, in the highest degree of excellence; perfectly; as, to
imitate a model to perfection.

Per*fec"tion, v. t. To perfect. [Obs.] Foote.

Per*fec"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to perfection; characterized
by perfection. [R.] Bp. Pearson.

Per*fec"tion*ate (?), v. t. To perfect. Dryden.

Per*fec"tion*ism (?), n. The doctrine of the Perfectionists.

Per*fec"tion*ist, n. One pretending to perfection; esp., one pretending
to moral perfection; one who believes that persons may and do attain to
moral perfection and sinlessness in this life. South.

Per*fec"tion*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. perfectionnement.] The act of
bringing to perfection, or the state of having attained to perfection.
[R.] I. Taylor.

Per*fect"ive (?), a. Tending or conducing to make perfect, or to bring
to perfection; -- usually followed by of. "A perfective alteration."
Fuller.

    Actions perfective of their natures.


Ray.

Per*fec"tive*ly, adv. In a perfective manner.

Per"fect*ly (?), adv. In a perfect manner or degree; in or to
perfection; completely; wholly; throughly; faultlessly. "Perfectly
divine." Milton.

    As many as touched were made perfectly whole.


Matt. xiv. 36.

Per"fect*ness, n. The quality or state of being perfect; perfection.
"Charity, which is the bond of perfectness." Col. iii. 14.

Per*fer"vid (?), a. [Pref. per- + fervid.] Very fervid; too fervid;
glowing; ardent.

Per*fi"cient (?), a. [L. perficiens, p. pr. of perficere to perform.
See Perfect.] Making or doing throughly; efficient; effectual. [R.]
Blackstone.

Per*fi"cient, n. One who performs or perfects a work; especially, one
who endows a charity. [R.]

Per*fid"i*ous (pr*fd"*s; 277), a. [L. perfidious.] 1. Guilty of
perfidy; violating good faith or vows; false to trust or confidence
reposed; teacherous; faithless; as, a perfidious friend. Shak.

2. Involving, or characterized by, perfidy. "Involved in this
perfidious fraud." Milton.

Per*fid"i*ous*ly, adv. In a perfidious manner.

Per*fid"i*ous*ness, n. The quality of being perfidious; perfidy.
Clarendon.

Per"fi*dy (pr"f*d), n.; pl. Perfidies (- dz). [L. perfidia, fr. L.
perfidus faithless; per (cf. Skr. par away) + fides faith: cf. F.
perfidie. See Faith.] The act of violating faith or allegiance;
violation of a promise or vow, or of trust reposed; faithlessness;
treachery.

    The ambition and perfidy of tyrants.


Macaulay.

    His perfidy to this sacred engagement.


DeQuincey.

Per"fit (pr"ft), a. Perfect. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Per*fix" (pr"fks), v. t. [Pref. per- + fix.] To fix surely; to appoint.
[Obs.]

Per"fla*ble (?), a. [L. perflabilis. See Perflate.] Capable of being
blown through. [Obs.]

Per*flate" (?), v. t. [L. perflatus, p. p. of perflare to blow
through.] To blow through. [Obs.] Harvey.

Per*fla"tion (?), n. [L. perflatio.] The act of perflating. [Obs.]
Woodward.

Per*fo"li*ate (?), a. [Pref. per- + L. folium leaf.] 1. (Bot.) Having
the basal part produced around the stem; -- said of leaves which the
stem apparently passes directory through.

2. (Zoˆl.) Surrounded by a circle of hairs, or projections of any kind.

Per`fo*ra"ta (pr`f*r"t), n. pl. [NL. See Perforate.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A
division of corals including those that have a porous texture, as
Porites and Madrepora; -- opposed to Aporosa. (b) A division of
Foraminifera, including those having perforated shells.

Per"fo*rate (pr"f*rt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perforated (- r`td); p. pr.
& vb. n. Perforating.] [L. perforatus, p. p. of perforare to perforate;
per through + forare to bore. See Bore, v.] To bore through; to pierce
through with a pointed instrument; to make a hole or holes through by
boring or piercing; to pierce or penetrate the surface of. Bacon.

{ Per"fo*rate (pr"f*rt), Per"fo*ra`ted (pr"f*r"td), } a. Pierced with a
hole or holes, or with pores; having transparent dots resembling holes.

Per`fo*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. perforation.] 1. The act of perforating,
or of boring or piercing through. Bacon.

2. A hole made by boring or piercing; an aperture. "Slender
perforations." Sir T. Browne.

Per"fo*ra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. perforatif.] Having power to perforate
or pierce.

Per"fo*ra`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. perforateur.] One who, or that which,
perforates; esp., a cephalotome.

Per*force" (?), adv. [F. par (L. per) + force.] By force; of necessary;
at any rate. Shak.

Per*force", v. t. To force; to compel. [Obs.]

Per*form" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Performed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Performing.] [OE. performen, parfourmen, parfournen, OF. parfornir,
parfournir, to finish, complete; OF. & F. par (see Par) + fournir to
finish, complete. The word has been influenced by form; cf. L.
performare to form thoroughly. See Furnish.] 1. To carry through; to
bring to completion; to achieve; to accomplish; to execute; to do.

    I will cry unto God most high, unto God that performeth all things
    for me.


Ps. lvii. 2.

    Great force to perform what they did attempt.


Sir P. Sidney.

2. To discharge; to fulfill; to act up to; as, to perform a duty; to
perform a promise or a vow.

    To perform your father's will.


Shak.

3. To represent; to act; to play; as in drama.

    Perform a part thou hast not done before.


Shak.

Syn. -- To accomplish; do; act; transact; achieve; execute; discharge;
fulfill; effect; complete; consummate. See Accomplish.

Per*form", v. i. To do, execute, or accomplish something; to acquit
one's self in any business; esp., to represent sometimes by action; to
act a part; to play on a musical instrument; as, the players perform
poorly; the musician performs on the organ.

Per*form"a*ble (?), a. Admitting of being performed, done, or executed;
practicable.

Per*form"ance (?), n. The act of performing; the carrying into
execution or action; execution; achievement; accomplishment;
representation by action; as, the performance of an undertaking of a
duty.

    Promises are not binding where the performance is impossible.


Paley.

2. That which is performed or accomplished; a thing done or carried
through; an achievement; a deed; an act; a feat; esp., an action of an
elaborate or public character. "Her walking and other actual
performances." Shak. "His musical performances." Macaulay.

Syn. -- Completion; consummation; execution; accomplishment;
achievement; production; work; act; action; deed; exploit; feat.

Per*form"er (?), n. One who performs, accomplishes, or fulfills; as, a
good promiser, but a bad performer; especially, one who shows skill and
training in any art; as, a performer of the drama; a performer on the
harp.

Per"fri*cate (?), v. t. [L. perfricatus, p. p. of perfricare.] To rub
over. Bailey.

Per*fu"ma*to*ry (?), a. Emitting perfume; perfuming. [R.] Sir E. Leigh.

Per*fume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perfuming.] [F. parfumer (cf. Sp. perfumar); par (see Par) + fumer to
smoke, L. fumare, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume.] To fill or impregnate
with a perfume; to scent.

    And Carmel's flowery top perfumes the skies.


Pope.

Per"fume (?), n. [F. parfum; cf. Sp. perfume. See Perfume, v.] 1. The
scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-smelling
substance; a pleasant odor; fragrance; aroma.

    No rich perfumes refresh the fruitful field.


Pope.

2. A substance that emits an agreeable odor.

    And thou shalt make it a perfume.


Ex. xxx. 35.

Per*fum"er (?), n. 1. One who, oe that which, perfumes.

2. One whose trade is to make or sell perfumes.

Per*fum"er*y (?), n. 1. Perfumes, in general.

2. [Cf. F. parfumerie.] The art of preparing perfumes.

Per*func"to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a perfunctory manner; formally;
carelessly. Boyle.

Per*func"to*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being perfunctory.

Per*func"to*ry (?), a. [L. perfunctorius, fr. perfunctus dispatched, p.
p. of perfungi to discharge, dispatch; per (see Per) + fungi to
perform. See Function.] 1. Done merely to get rid of a duty; performed
mechanically and as a thing of rote; done in a careless and superficial
manner; characterized by indifference; as, perfunctory admonitions.
Macaulay.

2. Hence: Mechanical; indifferent; listless; careless. "Perfunctory in
his devotions." Sharp.

Per*func"tu*rate (?), v. t. To perform in a perfunctory manner; to do
negligently. [R.]

Per*fuse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfused (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perfusing.] [L. perfusus, p. p. of perfundere to pour over; per +
fundere to pour.] To suffuse; to fill full or to excess. Harvey.

Per*fu"sion (?), n. [L. perfusio.] The act of perfusing.

Per*fu"sive (?), a. Of a nature to flow over, or to spread through.

{ Per`ga*me"no*us (?), Per`ga*men*ta"ceous (?), } a. [L. pergamena
parchment. See Parchment.] Like parchment.

Per*haps" (?), adv. [Per + hap chance.] By chance; peradventure;
perchance; it may be.

    And pray God, if perhaps the thought of thine heart may be forgiven
    thee.


Acts viii. 22.

Per"i- (?). [Gr. &?;, prep.] A prefix used to signify around, by, near,
over, beyond, or to give an intensive sense; as, perimeter, the measure
around; perigee, point near the earth; periergy, work beyond what is
needed; perispherical, quite spherical.

Pe"ri (?), n.; pl. Peris (#). [Per. per a female genus, a fairy.]
(Persian Myth.) An imaginary being, male or female, like an elf or
fairy, represented as a descendant of fallen angels, excluded from
paradise till penance is accomplished. Moore.

<! p. 1066 !>

Per`i*a"gua (?), n. See Pirogue.

Per"i*anth (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?; flower: cf. F. pÈrianthe.]
(Bot.) (a) The leaves of a flower generally, especially when the calyx
and corolla are not readily distinguished. (b) A saclike involucre
which incloses the young fruit in most hepatic mosses. See Illust. of
Hepatica.

||Per`i*an"thi*um (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) The perianth.

Per"i*apt (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; hung about, &?; to hang about; &?;
about + &?; to tie: cf. F. pÈriapte.] A charm worn as a protection
against disease or mischief; an amulet. Coleridge.

    Now help, ye charming spells and periapts.


Shak.

Per`i*as"tral (?), a. Among or around the stars. "Comets in periastral
passage." R. A. Proctor.

Per`i*as"tron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about + &?; a star.] (Astron.)
That point, in the real or apparent orbit of one star revolving around
another, at which the former is nearest to the latter.

Per"i*au"ger (?), n. See Pirogue. W. Irving.

Per"i*blast (?), a. [Gr. &?; to grow around. See Peri-, and -blast.]
(Biol.) The protoplasmic matter which surrounds the entoblast, or cell
nucleus, and undergoes segmentation. -- Per`i*blas"tic, a.

Per"i*blem (?), n. [Pref. peri- + root of Gr. &?; to sprout.] (Bot.)
Nascent cortex, or immature cellular bark.

||Pe*rib"o*los (?), n. [Nl., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, adj., going round,
||fr. &?; to throw round; cf. L. peribolus.] In ancient architecture,
||an inclosed court, esp., one surrounding a temple.

Per`i*bran"chi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding the branchiÊ; as, a
peribranchial cavity.

Per`i*bran"chi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Around the bronchi or bronchial
tubes; as, the peribronchial lymphatics.

||Per`i*cam"bi*um (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Cambium.] (Biol.) A layer
||of thin-walled young cells in a growing stem, in which layer certain
||new vessels originate.

{ Per`i*car"di*ac (?), Per`i*car"di*al (?), } a. (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to pericardium; situated around the heart.

Pericardial fluid (Physiol.), a serous fluid of a pale yellow color
contained in the pericardium.

Per`i*car"di*an (?), a. Pericardiac.

Per`i*car"dic (?), a. Pericardiac.

||Per`i*car*di"tus (?), n. [NL. See Pericardium, and -itis.] (Med.)
||Inflammation of the pericardium. Dunglison.

Per`i*car"di*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; about or near the
heart; &?; about + &?; heart.] (Anat.) The double baglike fold of
serous membrane which incloses the heart.

The inner layer is closely adherent to the outer surface of the heart,
and is called the cardiac pericardium. The outer layer loosely incloses
the heart and the adherent inner layer, and is called the parietal
pericardium. At the base of the heart the two layers are continuous,
and form a narrow closed cavity filled with fluid, in which the
pulsations of the heart cause little friction.

Per"i*carp (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; around + &?; fruit: cf. F. pÈricarpe.]
(Bot.) The ripened ovary; the walls of the fruit. See Illusts. of
Capsule, Drupe, and Legume.

{ Per`i*car"pi*al (?), Per`i*car"pic (?) }, a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining
to a pericarp.

Per`i*cel"lu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding a cell; as, the
pericellular lymph spaces surrounding ganglion cells.

Per"i*chÊth (?), n. [See PerichÊtium.] (Bot.) The leafy involucre
surrounding the fruit stalk of mosses; perichÊtium; perichete.

Per`i*chÊ"ti*al (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the perichÊth.

||Per`i*chÊ"ti*um (?), n.; pl. PerichÊtia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about
||+ &?; flowing hair, foliage.] (Bot.) Same as PerichÊth.

Per`i*chÊ"tous (?), a. [See PerichÊtium.] (Zoˆl.) Surrounded by setÊ;
-- said of certain earthworms (genus PerichÊtus).

Per"i*chete (?), n. Same as PerichÊth.

Per`i*chon"dri*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
perichondrium; situated around cartilage.

||Per`i*chon*dri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Perichondrium, and -itis.] (Med.)
||Inflammation of the perichondrium.

||Per`i*chon"dri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; around + &?; cartilage.]
||(Anat.) The membrane of fibrous connective tissue which closely
||invests cartilage, except where covering articular surfaces.

Per`i*chor"dal (?), a. Around the notochord; as, a perichordal column.
See Epichordal.

{ Per"i*clase (?), Per`i*cla"site (?), } n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?; to
break.] (Min.) A grayish or dark green mineral, consisting essentially
of magnesia (magnesium oxide), occurring in granular forms or in
isometric crystals.

||Per`i*clin"i*um (?), n.; pl. Periclinia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; around
||+ &?; a bed.] (Bot.) The involucre which surrounds the common
||receptacle in composite flowers.

Pe*ric"li*tate (?), v. t. [L. periclitatus, p. p. of periclitari, fr.
periculum.] To endanger. [Obs.]

    Periclitating, pardi! the whole family.


Sterne.

Pe*ric`li*ta"tion (?), n. [L. periclitatio: cf. F. pÈriclitation.] 1.
Trial; experiment. [Obs.]

2. The state of being in peril. [Obs.]

||Pe*ric"o*pe (?), n. [L., section of a book, Gr. &?;; &?; around + &?;
||to cut.] A selection or extract from a book; especially (Theol.), a
||selection from the Bible, appointed to be read in the churches or
||used as a text for a sermon.

Per`i*cra"ni*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pericranium.

Per`i*cra"ni*um (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) The periosteum which covers the
cranium externally; the region around the cranium.

Pe*ric"u*lous (?), a. [L. periculosus. See Perilous.] Dangerous; full
of peril. [Obs.]

||Pe*ric"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Pericula (#). [L.] (Rom. & O.Eng. Law) 1.
||Danger; risk.

2. In a narrower, judicial sense: Accident or casus, as distinguished
from dolus and culpa, and hence relieving one from the duty of
performing an obligation.

Per"i*derm (?), n. 1. (Bot.) The outer layer of bark.

2. (Zoˆl.) The hard outer covering of hydroids and other marine
animals; the perisarc.

||Per`i*di*as"to*le (?), n. (Physiol.) The almost inappreciable time
||which elapses between the systole and the diastole of the heart.

||Pe*rid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Peridia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about + &?;,
||a dim. ending.] (Bot.) The envelope or coat of certain fungi, such as
||the puffballs and earthstars.

Per"i*dot (?), n. [F. pÈridot.] (Min.) Chrysolite.

Per"i*do*tite (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈridotite.] (Min.) An eruptive rock
characterized by the presence of chrysolite (peridot). It also usually
contains pyroxene, enstatite, chromite, etc. It is often altered to
serpentine.

The chief diamond deposits in South Africa occur in a more or less
altered peridotite.

Per"i*drome (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; running around, fr. &?; to run
round; &?; round + &?; to run: cf. F. pÈridrome.] (ArchÊol.) The space
between the columns and the wall of the cella, in a Greek or a Roman
temple.

Per`i*e"cians (?), n. pl. See Periúcians.

||Per`i*en"te*ron (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Enteron.] (Anat.) The
||primitive perivisceral cavity.

Per"i*er`gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; overcareful; &?; about, beyond +
&?; work.] 1. Excessive care or diligence. [Obs.]

2. (Rhet.) A bombastic or labored style. [R.]

Per`i*gan`gli*on"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding a ganglion; as, the
periganglionic glands of the frog.

Per`i*gas"tric (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Surrounding the stomach; -- applied to
the body cavity of Bryozoa and various other Invertebrata.

Per`i*ge"an (?), a. Pertaining to the perigee.

Perigean tides, those spring tides which occur soon after the moon
passes her perigee.

{ Per"i*gee (?), Per`i*ge"um (?), } n. [NL. perigeum, fr. Gr. &?;
about, near + &?; the earth: cf. F. pÈrigÈe.] (Astron.) That point in
the orbit of the moon which is nearest to the earth; -- opposed to
apogee. It is sometimes, but rarely, used of the nearest points of
other orbits, as of a comet, a planet, etc. Called also epigee,
epigeum.

Per`i*gen"e*sis (?), n. (Biol.) A theory which explains inheritance by
the transmission of the type of growth force possessed by one
generation to another.

Per`i*gen"e*tic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to perigenesis.

Per"i*gone (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?; productive organs.] 1. (Bot.)
(a) Any organ inclosing the essential organs of a flower; a perianth.
(b) In mosses, the involucral bracts of a male flower.

2. (Zoˆl.) A sac which surrounds the generative bodies in the gonophore
of a hydroid.

||Per`i*go"ni*um (?), n.; pl. Perigonia (#). [NL.] Same as Perigone.

Per"i*gord pie` (?). [From PÈrigord, a former province of France.] A
pie made of truffles, much esteemed by epicures.

Per"i*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; outline; &?; round, about + &?; to write.]
A careless or inaccurate delineation of anything. [R.]

||Per`i*gyn"i*um (?), n.; pl. Perigynia (#). [NL. See Perigynous.]
||(Bot.) Some unusual appendage about the pistil, as the bottle-shaped
||body in the sedges, and the bristles or scales in some other genera
||of the Sedge family, or CyperaceÊ.

Pe*rig"y*nous (?), a. [Pref. peri-  + Gr. &?; woman.] (Bot.) Having the
ovary free, but the petals and stamens borne on the calyx; -- said of
flower such as that of the cherry or peach.

{ Per`i*hel"ion (?), Per`i*he"li*um (?), } n.; pl. Perihelia (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. &?; about, near + &?; the sun.] (Astron.) That point of the
orbit of a planet or comet which is nearest to the sun; -- opposed to
aphelion.

Per"il (?), n. [F. pÈril, fr. L. periculum, periclum, akin to peritus
experienced, skilled, and E. fare. See Fare, and cf. Experience.]
Danger; risk; hazard; jeopardy; exposure of person or property to
injury, loss, or destruction.

    In perils of waters, in perils of robbers.


2 Cor. xi. 26.

    Adventure hard With peril great achieved.


Milton.

At, or On, one's peril, with risk or danger to one; at the hazard of.
"On thy soul's peril." Shak.

Syn. -- Hazard; risk; jeopardy. See Danger.

Per"il, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Periled (?) or Perilled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Periling or Perilling.] To expose to danger; to hazard; to risk; as, to
peril one's life.

Per"il (?), v. i. To be in danger. [Obs.] Milton.

||Pe*ril"la (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) A genus of labiate
||herbs, of which one species (Perilla ocimoides, or P. Nankinensis) is
||often cultivated for its purple or variegated foliage.

Per"il*ous (?), a. [OF. perillous, perilleus, F. pÈrilleux, L.
periculosus. See Peril.] [Written also perillous.] 1. Full of, attended
with, or involving, peril; dangerous; hazardous; as, a perilous
undertaking.

    Infamous hills, and sandy, perilous wilds.


Milton.

2. Daring; reckless; dangerous. [Obs.] Latimer.

    For I am perilous with knife in hand.


Chaucer.

-- Per"il*ous*ly, adv. -- Per"il*ous*ness, n.

Per"i*lymph (?), n. (Anat.) The fluid which surrounds the membranous
labyrinth of the internal ear, and separates it from the walls of the
chambers in which the labyrinth lies.

Per`i*lym*phan"gi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Around, or at the side of, a
lymphatic vessel.

Per`i*lym*phat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to, or containing,
perilymph. (b) Perilymphangial.

Per*im"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; around + &?; measure: cf. F.
pÈrimËtre.] 1. (Geom.) The outer boundary of a body or figure, or the
sum of all the sides.

2. An instrument for determining the extent and shape of the field of
vision.

{ Per`i*met"ric (?), Per`i*met"ric*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the
perimeter, or to perimetry; as, a perimetric chart of the eye.

Per*im"e*try (?), n. The art of using the perimeter; measurement of the
field of vision.

Per"i*morph (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?; form.] (Min.) A crystal of
one species inclosing one of another species. See Endomorph.

Per`i*my"sial (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Surrounding a muscle or muscles. (b)
Of or pertaining to the perimysium.

||Per`i*my"si*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about + &?; muscle.] (Anat.)
||The connective tissue sheath which surrounds a muscle, and sends
||partitions inwards between the bundles of muscular fibers.

||Per`i*nÊ"um (?), n. See Perineum.

Per`i*ne"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the perineum.

Per`i*ne"o*plas`ty (?), n. [Perineum + -plasty.] (Med.) The act or
process of restoring an injured perineum.

Per`i*ne*or"rha*phy (?), n. [Perineum + Gr. &?; to sew.] (Med.) The
operation of sewing up a ruptured perineum.

||Per`i*ne*phri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Nephritis.] (Med.)
||Inflammation of the cellular tissue around the kidney. --
||Per`i*ne*phrit"ic, a.

||Per`i*ne"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;.] (Anat.) The region which
||is included within the outlet of the pelvis, and is traversed by the
||urinogenital canal and the rectum.

Per`i*neu"ri*al (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding nerves or nerve fibers; of
or pertaining to the perineurium.

||Per`i*neu"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about + &?; a nerve.]
||(Anat.) The connective tissue sheath which surrounds a bundle of
||nerve fibers. See Epineurium, and Neurilemma.

Per`i*nu"cle*ar (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to a nucleus; situated
around a nucleus; as, the perinuclear protoplasm.

Pe"ri*od (?), n. [L. periodus, Gr. &?; a going round, a way round, a
circumference, a period of time; &?; round, about + &?; a way: cf. F.
pÈriode.] 1. A portion of time as limited and determined by some
recurring phenomenon, as by the completion of a revolution of one of
the heavenly bodies; a division of time, as a series of years, months,
or days, in which something is completed, and ready to recommence and
go on in the same order; as, the period of the sun, or the earth, or a
comet.

2. Hence: A stated and recurring interval of time; more generally, an
interval of time specified or left indefinite; a certain series of
years, months, days, or the like; a time; a cycle; an age; an epoch;
as, the period of the Roman republic.

    How by art to make plants more lasting than their ordinary period.


Bacon.

3. (Geol.) One of the great divisions of geological time; as, the
Tertiary period; the Glacial period. See the Chart of Geology.

4. The termination or completion of a revolution, cycle, series of
events, single event, or act; hence, a limit; a bound; an end; a
conclusion. Bacon.

    So spake the archangel Michael; then paused, As at the world's
    great period.


Milton.

    Evils which shall never end till eternity hath a period.


Jer. Taylor.

    This is the period of my ambition.


Shak.

5. (Rhet.) A complete sentence, from one full stop to another; esp., a
well-proportioned, harmonious sentence. "Devolved his rounded periods."
Tennyson.

    Periods are beautiful when they are not too long.


B. Johnson.

The period, according to Heyse, is a compound sentence consisting of a
protasis and apodosis; according to Becker, it is the appropriate form
for the coˆrdinate propositions related by antithesis or causality.
Gibbs.

6. (Print.) The punctuation point [.] that marks the end of a complete
sentence, or of an abbreviated word.

7. (Math.) One of several similar sets of figures or terms usually
marked by points or commas placed at regular intervals, as in
numeration, in the extraction of roots, and in circulating decimals.

<! p. 1067 !>

8. (Med.) The time of the exacerbation and remission of a disease, or
of the paroxysm and intermission.

9. (Mus.) A complete musical sentence.

The period, the present or current time, as distinguished from all
other times.

Syn. -- Time; date; epoch; era; age; duration; limit; bound; end;
conclusion; determination.

Pe"ri*od (?), v. t. To put an end to. [Obs.] Shak.

Pe"ri*od, v. i. To come to a period; to conclude. [Obs.] "You may
period upon this, that," etc. Felthman.

Per*i"o*date (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of periodic acid.

Per`i*od"ic (?), a. [Pref. per- + iodic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
derived from, or designating, the highest oxygen acid (HIO&?;) of
iodine.

{ Pe`ri*od"ic (?), Pe`ri*od"ic*al (?), } a. [L. periodicus, Gr. &?;:
cf. F. pÈriodique.] 1. Of or pertaining to a period or periods, or to
division by periods.

    The periodicaltimes of all the satellites.


Sir J. Herschel.

2. Performed in a period, or regular revolution; proceeding in a series
of successive circuits; as, the periodical motion of the planets round
the sun.

3. Happening, by revolution, at a stated time; returning regularly,
after a certain period of time; acting, happening, or appearing, at
fixed intervals; recurring; as, periodical epidemics.

    The periodic return of a plant's flowering.


Henslow.

    To influence opinion through the periodical press.


Courthope.

4. (Rhet.) Of or pertaining to a period; constituting a complete
sentence.

Periodic comet (Astron.), a comet that moves about the sun in an
elliptic orbit; a comet that has been seen at two of its approaches to
the sun. -- Periodic function (Math.), a function whose values recur at
fixed intervals as the variable uniformly increases. The trigonomertic
functions, as sin x, tan x, etc., are periodic functions. Exponential
functions are also periodic, having an imaginary period, and the
elliptic functions have not only a real but an imaginary period, and
are hence called doubly periodic. -- Periodic law (Chem.), the
generalization that the properties of the chemical elements are
periodic functions of their atomic wieghts. "In other words, if the
elements are grouped in the order of their atomic weights, it will be
found that nearly the same properties recur periodically throughout the
entire series." The following tabular arrangement of the atomic weights
shows the regular recurrence of groups (under I., II., III., IV.,
etc.), each consisting of members of the same natural family. The gaps
in the table indicate the probable existence of unknown elements.

A similar relation had been enunciated in a crude way by Newlands; but
the law in its effective form was developed and elaborated by
Mendelejeff, whence it is sometimes called Mendelejeff's law. Important
extensions of it were also made by L. Meyer. By this means Mendelejeff
predicted with remarkable accuracy the hypothetical elements ekaboron,
ekaluminium, and ekasilicon, afterwards discovered and named
respectively scandium, gallium, and germanium.

-- Periodic star (Astron.), a variable star whose changes of brightness
recur at fixed periods. -- Periodic time of a heavenly body (Astron.),
the time of a complete revolution of the body about the sun, or of a
satellite about its primary.

Pe`ri*od"ic*al, n. A magazine or other publication which appears at
stated or regular intervals.

Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ist, n. One who publishes, or writes for, a periodical.

Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ly, adv. In a periodical manner.

Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ness, n. Periodicity.

Pe`ri*o*dic"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Periodicities (#). [Cf. F. pÈriodicitÈ.]
The quality or state of being periodical, or regularly recurrent; as,
the periodicity in the vital phenomena of plants. Henfrey.

Per*i"o*dide (?), n. [Pref. per- + iodide.] An iodide containing a
higher proportion of iodine than any other iodide of the same substance
or series.

Per`i*o*don"tal (?), a. [Pref. peri-  + Gr. &?;, &?;, tooth.] (Anat.)
Surrounding the teeth.

Pe`ri*od"o*scope (?), n. [Period + -scope.] (Med.) A table or other
means for calculating the periodical functions of women. Dunglison.

{ ||Per`i*ú"ci, Per`i*ú"cians, } n. pl. [NL. perioeci, fr. Gr. &?;; &?;
around + &?; house, dwelling.] Those who live on the same parallel of
latitude but on opposite meridians, so that it is noon in one place
when it is midnight in the other. Compare Antúci.

Per"i*o*ple (?), n. [F. pÈriople, from Gr. &?; about + &?; the hoof of
a horse.] (Anat.) The external smooth horny layer of the hoof of the
horse and allied animals.

Per`i*op"lic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the periople;
connected with the periople.

Per`i*os"te*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated around bone; of or pertaining
to the periosteum.

||Per`i*os"te*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; round the bones; &?; around
||+ &?; a bone: cf. L. periosteon.] (Anat.) The membrane of fibrous
||connective tissue which closely invests all bones except at the
||articular surfaces.

||Per`i*os*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Periosteum, and -itis.] (Med.)
||Inflammation of the periosteum.

||Per`i*os"tra*cum (?), n.; pl. Periostraca (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;
||around + &?; shell of a testacean.] (Zoˆl.) A chitinous membrane
||covering the exterior of many shells; -- called also epidermis.

Per`i*o"tic (?), a. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?;, &?;, the ear.] (Anat.)
Surrounding, or pertaining to the region surrounding, the internal ear;
as, the periotic capsule. -- n. A periotic bone.

Per`i*pa*te"cian (?), n. A peripatetic. [Obs.]

Per`i*pa*tet"ic (?), a. [L. peripateticus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to walk
about; &?; about + &?; to walk: cf. F. pÈripatÈtique.] 1. Walking
about; itinerant.

2. Of or pertaining to the philosophy taught by Aristotle (who gave his
instructions while walking in the Lyceum at Athens), or to his
followers. "The true peripatetic school." Howell.

Per`i*pa*tet"ic, n. 1. One who walks about; a pedestrian; an itinerant.
Tatler.

2. A disciple of Aristotle; an Aristotelian.

Per`i*pa*tet"ic*al (?), a. Peripatetic. [R.] Hales.

Per`i*pa*tet"i*cism (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈripatÈtisme.] The doctrines or
philosophical system of the peripatetics. See Peripatetic, n., 2. Lond.
Sat. Rev.

||Pe*rip"a*tus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a walking about.] (Zoˆl.) A
||genus of lowly organized arthropods, found in South Africa,
||Australia, and tropical America. It constitutes the order Malacopoda.

Per`i*pet"al*ous (?), a. (Bot.) Surrounding, or situated about, the
petals.

Pe*riph"er*al (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a periphery; constituting
a periphery; peripheric.

2. (Anat.) External; away from the center; as, the peripheral portion
of the nervous system.

{ Per`i*pher"ic (?), Per`i*pher"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. pÈriphÈrique.
See Periphery.] See Peripheral.

Pe*riph"er*y (?), n.; pl. Peripheries (#). [L. peripheria, Gr. &?;; &?;
around + &?; to bear, carry: cf. F. pÈriphÈrie.] 1. The outside or
superficial portions of a body; the surface.

2. (Geom.) The circumference of a circle, ellipse, or other figure.

Per"i*phrase (?), n. [L. periphrasis, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to think about,
to be expressed periphrastically; &?; + &?; to speak: cf. F.
pÈriphrase. See Phrase.] (Rhet.) The use of more words than are
necessary to express the idea; a roundabout, or indirect, way of
speaking; circumlocution. "To describe by enigmatic periphrases." De
Quincey.

Per"i*phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Periphrased (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Periphrasing.] [Cf. F. pÈriphraser.] To express by periphrase or
circumlocution.

Per"i*phrase, v. i. To use circumlocution.

||Pe*riph"ra*sis (?), n.; pl. Periphrases (#). [L.] See Periphrase.

{ Per`i*phras"tic (?), Per`i*phras"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F.
pÈriphrastique.] Expressing, or expressed, in more words than are
necessary; characterized by periphrase; circumlocutory.

Periphrastic conjugation (Gram.), a conjugation formed by the use of
the simple verb with one or more auxiliaries.

Per`i*phras"tic*al*ly, adv. With circumlocution.

Per"i*plast (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?; to mold, form.] (Biol.) Same
as Periblast. -- Per`i*plas"tic (#), a. Huxley.

{ ||Per`ip*neu*mo"ni*a (?), Per`ip*neu"mo*ny (?), } n. [L.
peripneumonia, Gr. &?;: cf. F. pÈripneumonie. See Peri-, Pneumonia.]
(Med.) Pneumonia. (Obsoles.)

Per`ip*neu*mon"ic (?), a. [L. peripneumonicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F.
pÈripneumonique.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to peripneumonia.

Per"i*proct (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?; the anus.] (Zoˆl.) The
region surrounding the anus, particularly of echinoderms.

||Per`i*proc*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Proctitus.] (Med.)
||Inflammation of the tissues about the rectum.

Pe*rip"ter*al (?), a. [Gr., fr. &?; + &?; feather, wing, row of
columns.] (Arch.) Having columns on all sides; -- said of an edifice.
See Apteral.

Pe*rip"ter*ous (?), a. 1. (Arch.) Peripteral.

2. (Zoˆl.) Feathered all around.

Per"i*sarc (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?;, &?;, flesh.] (Zoˆl.) The
outer, hardened integument which covers most hydroids.

Pe*ris"cian (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; around + &?; shadow: cf. F.
pÈriscien.] Having the shadow moving all around.

{ Pe*ris"cians (?), ||Pe*ris"ci*i (?), } n. pl. [NL. See Periscian.]
Those who live within a polar circle, whose shadows, during some summer
days, will move entirely round, falling toward every point of the
compass.

Per"i*scope (?), n. [Pref. peri- + -scope.] A general or comprehensive
view. [R.]

Per`i*scop"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈriscopique.] Viewing all around, or on
all sides.

Periscopic spectacles (Opt.), spectacles having concavo-convex or
convexo-concave lenses with a considerable curvature corresponding to
that of the eye, to increase the distinctness of objects viewed
obliquely.

Per"ish (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perishing.] [OE. perissen, perisshen, F. pÈrir, p. pr. pÈrissant, L.
perire to go or run through, come to nothing, perish; per through + ire
to go. Cf. Issue, and see -ish.] To be destroyed; to pass away; to
become nothing; to be lost; to die; hence, to wither; to waste away.

    I perish with hunger!


Luke xv. 17.

    Grow up and perish, as the summer fly.


Milton.

    The thoughts of a soul that perish in thinking.


Locke.

Per"ish, v. t. To cause perish. [Obs.] Bacon.

Per`ish*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Perishableness.

Per"ish*a*ble (?), a. [F. pÈrissable.] Liable to perish; subject to
decay, destruction, or death; as, perishable goods; our perishable
bodies.

Per"ish*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being perishable;
liability to decay or destruction. Locke.

Per"ish*a*bly, adv. In a perishable degree or manner.

Per"ish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. perissement.] The act of perishing. [R.]
Udall.

||Per`i*so"ma (?), n.; pl. Perisomata (#). [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as
||Perisome.

Per"i*some (?), n. [Pref. peri- + -some body.] (Zoˆl.) The entire
covering of an invertebrate animal, as echinoderm or cúlenterate; the
integument.

Per"i*sperm (?), n. [F. pÈrisperme. See Peri-, and Sperm.] (Bot.) The
albumen of a seed, especially that portion which is formed outside of
the embryo sac. -- Per`i*sper"mic (#), a.

{ Per`i*spher"ic (?), Per`i*spher"ic*al (?), } a. Exactly spherical;
globular.

||Per`i*spom"e*non (?), n.; pl. Perispomena (#). [NL., from Gr. &?;,
||pr. pass. p. of &?; to draw around, to circumflex; &?; around + &?;
||to draw.] (Gr. Gram.) A word which has the circumflex accent on the
||last syllable. Goodwin.

Per"i*spore (?), n. (Bot.) The outer covering of a spore.

Per"is*sad (?), a. [Gr. &?; odd, from &?; over.] (Chem.) Odd; not even;
-- said of elementary substances and of radicals whose valence is not
divisible by two without a remainder. Contrasted with artiad.

Per"isse (?), v. i. To perish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Per`is*so*dac"tyl (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Perissodactyla.

||Per`is*so*dac"ty*la (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; odd (fr. &?; over)
||+ &?; finger.] (Zoˆl.) A division of ungulate mammals, including
||those that have an odd number of toes, as the horse, tapir, and
||rhinoceros; -- opposed to Artiodactyla.

Per`is*so*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈrissologique.] Redundant or
excessive in words. [R.]

Per`is*sol"o*gy (?), n. [L. perissologia, Gr. &?;; &?; odd, superfluous
+ &?; discourse.] Superfluity of words. [R.] G. Campbell.

||Per`i*stal"sis (?), n. [NL. See Peristaltic.] (Physiol.) Peristaltic
||contraction or action.

Per`i*stal"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; clasping and compressing, fr. &?; to
surround, wrap up; &?; round + &?; to place, arrange: cf. F.
pÈristaltique.] (Physiol.) Applied to the peculiar wormlike wave motion
of the intestines and other similar structures, produced by the
successive contraction of the muscular fibers of their walls, forcing
their contents onwards; as, peristaltic movement. --
Per`i*stal"tic*al*ly (#), adv.

||Per`is*te"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Peristerion.] (Bot.) A genus of
||orchidaceous plants. See Dove plant.

||Per`is*te"ri*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a dovecote, a kind of
||verbena, fr. &?; a dove, pigeon; cf. L. peristereon.] (Bot.) The herb
||vervain (Verbena officinalis).

Pe*ris"ter*ite (?), n. [Gr. &?; a pigeon.] (Min.) A variety of albite,
whitish and slightly iridescent like a pigeon's neck.

Pe*ris`ter*o*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. &?; a pigeon + -morphous.] (Zoˆl.)
Like or pertaining to the pigeons or ColumbÊ.

Pe*ris`ter*op"o*dous (?), a. [Gr. &?; a pigeon + &?;, &?;, foot.]
(Zoˆl.) Having pigeonlike feet; -- said of those gallinaceous birds
that rest on all four toes, as the curassows and megapods.

Pe*ris"to*le (?), n. [NL.: cf. F. pÈristole. See Peristaltic.]
(Physiol.) Peristaltic action, especially of the intestines.

||Pe*ris"to*ma (?), n.; pl. Peristomata (#). [NL.] Same as Peristome.

<! p. 1068 !>

Per"i*stome (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?;, &?;, mouth.] 1. (Bot.) The
fringe of teeth around the orifice of the capsule of mosses. It
consists of 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 teeth, and may be either single or
double.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) The lip, or edge of the aperture, of a spiral shell. (b)
The membrane surrounding the mouth of an invertebrate animal.

Per`i*sto"mi*al (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to a peristome.

||Per`i*sto"mi*um (?), n. [NL.] Same as Peristome.

Per`i*streph"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; to turn round.] Turning around;
rotatory; revolving; as, a peristrephic painting (of a panorama).

Per"i*style (?), n. [L. peristylum, Gr. &?;, &?;; &?; about + &?; a
column: cf. F. pÈristyle.] (Arch.) A range of columns with their
entablature, etc.; specifically, a complete system of columns, whether
on all sides of a court, or surrounding a building, such as the cella
of a temple. Used in the former sense, it gives name to the larger and
inner court of a Roman dwelling, the peristyle. See Colonnade.

Per`i*sys"to*le (?), n. [Pref. peri-  + systole: cf. F. pÈrisystole.]
(Physiol.) The interval between the diastole and systole of the heart.
It is perceptible only in the dying.

Pe*rite" (?), a. [L. peritus.] Skilled. [Obs.]

||Per`i*the"ci*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; around + &?; box.] (Bot.)
||An organ in certain fungi and lichens, surrounding and enveloping the
||masses of fructification. Henslow.

Pe*rit"o*mous (?), a. [Gr. &?; cut off all around. See Peri-, and
Tome.] (Min.) Cleaving in more directions than one, parallel to the
axis.

Per`i*to*nÊ"um (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Peritoneum.

Per`i*to*ne"al (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈritonÈal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to
the peritoneum.

Per`i*to*ne"um (?), n. [L. peritoneum, peritonaeum, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr.
&?; to stretch all around or over; &?; around + &?; to stretch.]
(Anat.) The smooth serous membrane which lines the cavity of the
abdomen, or the whole body cavity when there is no diaphragm, and,
turning back, surrounds the viscera, forming a closed, or nearly
closed, sac. [Written also peritonÊum.]

||Per`i*to*ni"tis (?), n. [NL. See Peritoneum, and -itis.] (Med.)
||Inflammation of the peritoneum.

Per`i*tra"che*al (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Surrounding the tracheÊ.

Per"i*treme (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?; a hole.] (Zoˆl.) (a) That
part of the integument of an insect which surrounds the spiracles. (b)
The edge of the aperture of a univalve shell.

||Pe*rit"ri*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about + &?;, &?;, hair.]
||(Zoˆl.) A division of ciliated Infusoria having a circle of cilia
||around the oral disk and sometimes another around the body. It
||includes the vorticellas. See Vorticella.

||Per`i*tro"chi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; around + &?; a
||wheel.] (Mech.) The wheel which, together with the axle, forms the
||axis in peritrochio, which see under Axis.

Per*it"ro*pal (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to turn around; &?; around +
&?; to turn: cf. F. pÈritrope.] 1. Rotatory; circuitous. [R.]

2. Having the axis of the seed perpendicular to the axis of the
pericarp to which it is attached.

Per*it"ro*pous (?), a. Peritropal.

||Per`i*typh*li"tis (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Typhlitis.] (Med.)
||Inflammation of the connective tissue about the cÊcum.

Per`i*u"ter*ine (?), a. (Med.) Surrounding the uterus.

Per`i*vas"cu*lar (?), a. Around the blood vessels; as, perivascular
lymphatics.

Per`i*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding the vertebrÊ.

Per`i*vis"cer*al (?), a. (Anat.) Around the viscera; as, the
perivisceral cavity.

Per`i*vi*tel"line (?), a. [Pref. peri- + vitelline.] (Biol.) Situated
around the vitellus, or between the vitellus and zona pellucida of an
ovum.

Per"i*wig (?), n. [OE. perrwige, perwicke, corrupt. fr. F. perruque;
cf. OD. peruyk, from French. See Peruke, and cf. Wig.] A headdress of
false hair, usually covering the whole head, and representing the
natural hair; a wig. Shak.

Per"i*wig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perwigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perwigging (?).] To dress with a periwig, or with false hair. Swift.

Per"i*win`kle (?), n. [From AS. pinewincla a shellfish, in which pine-
is fr. L. pina, pinna, a kind of mussel, akin to Gr. &?;. Cf. Winkle.]
(Zoˆl.) Any small marine gastropod shell of the genus Littorina. The
common European species (Littorina littorea), in Europe extensively
used as food, has recently become naturalized abundantly on the
American coast. See Littorina.

In America the name is often applied to several large univalves, as
Fulgur carica, and F. canaliculata.

Per"i*win`kle, n. [OE. pervenke, AS. pervince, fr. L. pervinca.] (Bot.)
A trailing herb of the genus Vinca.

The common perwinkle (Vinca minor) has opposite evergreen leaves and
solitary blue or white flowers in their axils. In America it is often
miscalled myrtle. See under Myrtle.

Per"jen*et (?), n. [Cf. Pear, and Jenneting.] A kind of pear. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

Per"jure (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perjured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perjuring.] [F. parjurer, L. perjurare, perjerare; per through, over +
jurare to swear. See Jury.] 1. To cause to violate an oath or a vow; to
cause to make oath knowingly to what is untrue; to make guilty of
perjury; to forswear; to corrupt; -- often used reflexively; as, he
perjured himself.

    Want will perjure The ne'er-touched vestal.


Shak.

2. To make a false oath to; to deceive by oaths and protestations.
[Obs.]

    And with a virgin innocence did pray For me, that perjured her.


J. Fletcher.

Syn. -- To Perjure, Forswear. These words have been used
interchangeably; but there is a tendency to restrict perjure to that
species of forswearing which constitutes the crime of perjury at law,
namely, the willful violation of an oath administered by a magistrate
or according to law.

Per"jure, n. [L. perjurus: cf. OF. parjur, F. parjure.] A perjured
person. [Obs.] Shak.

Per"jured (?), a. Guilty of perjury; having sworn falsely; forsworn.
Shak. "Perjured persons." 1 Tim. i. 10. "Their perjured oath." Spenser.

Per"jur*er (?), n. One who is guilty of perjury; one who perjures or
forswears, in any sense.

{ Per*ju"ri*ous (?), Per"ju*rous (?), } a. [L. perjuriosus, perjurus.]
Guilty of perjury; containing perjury. [Obs.] Quarles. B. Johnson.

Per"ju*ry (?), n.; pl. Perjuries (#). [L. perjurium. See Perjure, v.]
1. False swearing.

2. (Law) At common law, a willfully false statement in a fact material
to the issue, made by a witness under oath in a competent judicial
proceeding. By statute the penalties of perjury are imposed on the
making of willfully false affirmations.

If a man swear falsely in nonjudicial affidavits, it is made perjury by
statute in some jurisdictions in the United States.

Perk (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perking.]
[Cf. W. percu to trim, to make smart.] To make trim or smart; to
straighten up; to erect; to make a jaunty or saucy display of; as, to
perk the ears; to perk up one's head. Cowper. Sherburne.

Perk, v. i. To exalt one's self; to bear one's self loftily. "To perk
over them." Barrow.

To perk it, to carry one's self proudly or saucily. Pope.

Perk, a. Smart; trim; spruce; jaunty; vain. "Perk as a peacock."
Spenser.

Perk, v. i. To peer; to look inquisitively. Dickens.

Per"kin (?), n. A kind of weak perry.

Per"kin*ism (?), n. (Med.) A remedial treatment, by drawing the pointed
extremities of two rods, each of a different metal, over the affected
part; tractoration, -- first employed by Dr. Elisha Perkins of Norwich,
Conn. See Metallotherapy.

Perk"y (?), a. Perk; pert; jaunty; trim.

    There amid perky larches and pines.


Tennyson.

Per*la"ceous (?), a. [See Pearl.] Pearly; resembling pearl.

Per"lid (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any insect of the genus Perla, or family
PerlidÊ. See Stone fly, under Stone.

Per"lite (?), n. (Min.) Same as Pearlite.

Per*lit"ic (?), a. (Min.) Relating to or resembling perlite, or
pearlstone; as, the perlitic structure of certain rocks. See Pearlite.

Per"lous (?), a. Perilous. [Obs.] Spenser.

Per`lus*tra"tion (?), n. [L. perlustrare to wander all through, to
survey. See 3d Luster.] The act of viewing all over. [Archaic] Howell.

Per"ma*na*ble (?), a. Permanent; durable. [Obs.] Lydgate.

{ Per"ma*nence (?), Per"ma*nen*cy (?), } n. [Cf. F. permanence.] The
quality or state of being permanent; continuance in the same state or
place; duration; fixedness; as, the permanence of institutions; the
permanence of nature.

Per"ma*nent (?), a. [L. permanens, -entis, p. pr. of permanere to stay
or remain to the end, to last; per + manere to remain: cf. F.
permanent. See Per-, and Mansion.] Continuing in the same state, or
without any change that destroys form or character; remaining unaltered
or unremoved; abiding; durable; fixed; stable; lasting; as, a permanent
impression.

    Eternity stands permanent and fixed.


Dryden.

Permanent gases (Chem. & Physics), hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and
carbon monoxide; -- also called incondensible or incoercible gases,
before their liquefaction in 1877. -- Permanent way, the roadbed and
superstructure of a finished railway; -- so called in distinction from
the contractor's temporary way. -- Permanent white (Chem.), barium
sulphate (heavy spar), used as a white pigment or paint, in distinction
from white lead, which tarnishes and darkens from the formation of the
sulphide.

Syn. -- Lasting; durable; constant. See Lasting.

Per"ma*nent*ly, adv. In a permanent manner.

Per*man"ga*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of permanganic acid.

Potassium permanganate. (Chem.) See Potassium permanganate, under
Potassium.

Per`man*gan"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, one of
the higher acids of manganese, HMnO4, which forms salts called
permanganates.

Per*man"sion (?), n. [L. permansio. See Permanent.] Continuance. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.

Per`me*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. permÈabilitÈ.] The quality or state
of being permeable.

Magnetic permeability (Physics), the specific capacity of a body for
magnetic induction, or its conducting power for lines of magnetic
force. Sir W. Thomson.

Per"me*a*ble (?), a. [L. permeabilis: cf. F. permÈable. See Permeate.]
Capable of being permeated, or passed through; yielding passage;
passable; penetrable; -- used especially of substances which allow the
passage of fluids; as, wood is permeable to oil; glass is permeable to
light. I. Taylor.

Per"me*a*bly, adv. In a permeable manner.

Per"me*ant (?), a. [L. permeans, p. pr.] Passing through; permeating.
[R.] Sir T. Browne.

Per"me*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Permeated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Permeating.] [L. permeatus, p. p. of permeare to permeate; per + meare
to go, pass.] 1. To pass through the pores or interstices of; to
penetrate and pass through without causing rupture or displacement; --
applied especially to fluids which pass through substances of loose
texture; as, water permeates sand. Woodward.

2. To enter and spread through; to pervade.

    God was conceived to be diffused throughout the whole world, to
    permeate and pervade all things.


Cudworth.

Per`me*a"tion (?), n. The act of permeating, passing through, or
spreading throughout, the pores or interstices of any substance.

    Here is not a mere involution only, but a spiritual permeation and
    inexistence.


Bp. Hall.

Per"mi*an (?), a. [From the ancient kingdom of Permia, where the
Permian formation exists.] (Geol.) Belonging or relating to the period,
and also to the formation, next following the Carboniferous, and
regarded as closing the Carboniferous age and Paleozoic era. -- n. The
Permian period. See Chart of Geology.

Per"mi*ans (?), n. pl.; sing. Permian (&?;). (Ethnol.) A tribe
belonging to the Finnic race, and inhabiting a portion of Russia.

Per*mis"ci*ble (?), a. [L. permiscere to mingle; per + miscere to mix.]
Capable of being mixed.

Per*miss" (?), n. [See Permit.] A permitted choice; a rhetorical figure
in which a thing is committed to the decision of one's opponent. [Obs.]
Milton.

Per*mis`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being permissible;
permissibleness; allowableness.

Per*mis"si*ble (?), a. That may be permitted; allowable; admissible. --
Per*mis"si*ble*ness, n. -- Per*mis"si*bly, adv.

Per*mis"sion (?), n. [L. permissio: cf. F. permission. See Permit.] The
act of permitting or allowing; formal consent; authorization; leave;
license or liberty granted.

    High permission of all-ruling Heaven.


Milton.

    You have given me your permission for this address.


Dryden.

Syn. -- Leave; liberty; license. -- Leave, Permission. Leave implies
that the recipient may decide whether to use the license granted or
not. Permission is the absence on the part of another of anything
preventive, and in general, at least by implication, signifies
approval.

Per*mis"sive (?), a. 1. Permitting; granting leave or liberty. "By his
permissive will." Milton.

2. Permitted; tolerated; suffered. Milton.

Per*mis"sive*ly, adv. In a permissive manner.

Per*mis"tion (?), n. [L. permistio, permixtio, fr. permiscere,
permistum, and permixtum. See Permiscible.] The act of mixing; the
state of being mingled; mixture. [Written also permixtion.]

Per*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Permitted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Permitting.] [L. permittere, permissum, to let through, to allow,
permit; per + mittere to let go, send. See Per-, and Mission.] 1. To
consent to; to allow or suffer to be done; to tolerate; to put up with.

    What things God doth neither command nor forbid . . . he permitteth
    with approbation either to be done or left undone.


Hooker.

2. To grant (one) express license or liberty to do an act; to
authorize; to give leave; -- followed by an infinitive.

    Thou art permitted to speak for thyself.


Acis xxvi. 1.

3. To give over; to resign; to leave; to commit.

    Let us not aggravate our sorrows, But to the gods permit the event
    of things.


Addison.

Syn. -- To allow; let; grant; admit; suffer; tolerate; endure; consent
to. -- To Allow, Permit, Suffer, Tolerate. To allow is more positive,
denoting (at least originally and etymologically) a decided assent,
either directly or by implication. To permit is more negative, and
imports only acquiescence or an abstinence from prevention. The
distinction, however, is often disregarded by good writers. To suffer
has a stronger passive or negative sense than to permit, sometimes
implying against the will, sometimes mere indifference. To tolerate is
to endure what is contrary to will or desire. To suffer and to tolerate
are sometimes used without discrimination.

Per*mit", v. i. To grant permission; to allow.

Per"mit (?), n. Warrant; license; leave; permission; specifically, a
written license or permission given to a person or persons having
authority; as, a permit to land goods subject to duty.

Per*mit"tance (?), n. The act of permitting; allowance; permission;
leave. Milton.

Per`mit*tee" (?), n. One to whom a permission or permit is given.

Per*mit"ter (?), n. One who permits.

    A permitter, or not a hinderer, of sin.


J. Edwards.

Per*mix" (?), v. t. To mix; to mingle. [Obs.]

Per*mix"tion (?), n. See Permission.

Per*mut"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. permutable.] Capable of being permuted;
exchangeable. -- Per*mut"a*ble*ness, n. -- Per*mut"a*bly, adv.

Per`mu*ta"tion (?), n. [L. permutatio: cf. F. permutation. See
Permute.] 1. The act of permuting; exchange of the thing for another;
mutual transference; interchange.

    The violent convulsions and permutations that have been made in
    property.


Burke.

2. (Math.) (a) The arrangement of any determinate number of things, as
units, objects, letters, etc., in all possible orders, one after the
other; -- called also alternation. Cf. Combination, n., 4. (b) Any one
of such possible arrangements.

3. (Law) Barter; exchange.

Permutation lock, a lock in which the parts can be transposed or
shifted, so as to require different arrangements of the tumblers on
different occasions of unlocking.

<! p. 1069 !>

Per*mute" (?), v. t. [L. permutare, permutatum; per + mutare to change:
cf. F. permuter.] 1. To interchange; to transfer reciprocally.

2. To exchange; to barter; to traffic. [Obs.]

    Bought, trucked, permuted, or given.


Hakluyt.

Per*mut"er (?), n. One who permutes.

Pern (?), v. t. [See Pernancy.] To take profit of; to make profitable.
[Obs.] Sylvester.

Pern, n. (Zoˆl.) The honey buzzard.

Per"nan*cy (?), n. [OF. prenance, fr. prendre, prenre, penre, to take,
L. prendere, prehendere.] (Law) A taking or reception, as the receiving
of rents or tithes in kind, the receiving of profits. Blackstone.

Per"nel (?), n. See Pimpernel. [Obs.]

Per*ni"cion (?), n. [See 2d Pernicious.] Destruction; perdition. [Obs.]
hudibras.

Per*ni"cious (?), a. [L. pernix, -icis.] Quick; swift (to burn). [R.]
Milton.

Per*ni"cious, a. [L. perniciosus, from pernicies destruction, from
pernecare to kill or slay outright; per + necare to kill, slay: cf. F.
pernicieux. Cf. Nuisance, Necromancy.] Having the quality of injuring
or killing; destructive; very mischievous; baleful; malicious; wicked.

    Let this pernicious hour Stand aye accursed in the calendar.


Shak.

    Pernicious to his health.


Prescott.

Syn. -- Destructive; ruinous; deadly; noxious; injurious; baneful;
deleterious; hurtful; mischievous.

-- Per*ni"cious*ly, adv., -- Per*ni"cious*ness, n.

Per*nic"i*ty (?), n. [L. pernicitas. See 1st Pernicious.] Swiftness;
celerity. [R.] Ray.

||Per"ni*o (?), n. [L.] (Med.) A chilblain.

Per`noc*ta"li*an (?), n. One who watches or keeps awake all night.

Per`noc*ta"tion (?), n. [L. pernoctatio, fr. pernoctare to stay all
night; per + nox, noctis, night.] The act or state of passing the whole
night; a remaining all night. "Pernoctation in prayer." Jer. Taylor.

Per"nor (?), n. [See Pern, v.] (Law) One who receives the profits, as
of an estate.

Per"not fur"nace (?). [So called from Charles Pernot, its inventor.] A
reverberatory furnace with a circular revolving hearth, -- used in
making steel.

Per"ny*i moth" (?). (Zoˆl.) A silk- producing moth (Attacus Pernyi)
which feeds upon the oak. It has been introduced into Europe and
America from China.

Per*of"skite (?), n. [From von Perovski, of St.Petersburg.] (Min.) A
titanate of lime occurring in octahedral or cubic crystals. [Written
also Perovskite.]

Pe*rogue (?), n. See Pirogue.

Per"o*nate (?), a. [L. peronatus rough&?;booted, fr. pero, -onis, a
kind of rough boot.] (Bot.) A term applied to the stipes or stalks of
certain fungi which are covered with a woolly substance which at length
becomes powdery. Henslow.

Per`o*ne"al (?), a. [Gr. &?; the fibula.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to
the fibula; in the region of the fibula.

Per"o*rate (?), v. i. [See Peroration.] To make a peroration; to
harangue. [Colloq.]

Per`o*ra"tion (?), n. [L. peroratio, fr. perorate, peroratum, to speak
from beginning to end; per + orate to speak. See Per-, and Oration.]
(Rhet.) The concluding part of an oration; especially, a final summing
up and enforcement of an argument. Burke.

Per*ox`i*da"tion (?), n. Act, process, or result of peroxidizing;
oxidation to a peroxide.

Per*ox"ide (?), n. (Chem.) An oxide containing more oxygen than some
other oxide of the same element. Formerly peroxides were regarded as
the highest oxides. Cf. Per-, 2.

Per*ox"i*dize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peroxidized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Peroxidizing.] (Chem.) To oxidize to the utmost degree, so as to form a
peroxide.

Per*pend" (?), v. t. [L. perpendere, perpensum; per + pendere to
weight.] To weight carefully in the mind. [R.] "Perpend my words."
Shak.

Per*pend", v. i. To attend; to be attentive. [R.] Shak.

Per*pend"er (?), n. [F. parpaing, pierre parpaigne; of uncertain
origin.] (Masonry) A large stone reaching through a wall so as to
appear on both sides of it, and acting as a binder; -- called also
perbend, perpend stone, and perpent stone.

Per*pen"di*cle (?), n. [L. perpendiculum; per + pendere to hang: cf. F.
perpendicule.] Something hanging straight down; a plumb line. [Obs.]

Per`pen*dic"u*lar (?), a. [L. perpendicularis, perpendicularius: cf. F.
perpendiculaire. See Perpendicle, Pension.] 1. Exactly upright or
vertical; pointing to the zenith; at right angles to the plane of the
horizon; extending in a right line from any point toward the center of
the earth.

2. (Geom.) At right angles to a given line or surface; as, the line ad
is perpendicular to the line bc.

Perpendicular style (Arch.), a name given to the latest variety of
English Gothic architecture, which prevailed from the close of the 14th
century to the early part of the 16th; -- probably so called from the
vertical style of its window mullions.

Per`pen*dic"u*lar (?), n. 1. A line at right angles to the plane of the
horizon; a vertical line or direction.

2. (Geom.) A line or plane falling at right angles on another line or
surface, or making equal angles with it on each side.

Per`pen*dic`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. perpendicularitÈ.] The quality
or state of being perpendicular.

Per`pen*dic"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In a perpendicular manner; vertically.

Per"pend stone` (?). See Perpender.

Per*pen"sion (?), n. [See Perpend.] Careful consideration; pondering.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Per*pen"si*ty (?), n. Perpension. [Obs.]

Per"pent stone` (?). See Perpender.

Per*pes"sion (?), n. [L. perpessio, fr. perpeti, perpessus, to bear
steadfastly; per + pati to bear.] Suffering; endurance. [Obs.] Bp.
Pearson.

Per"pe*tra"ble (?), a. Capable of being perpetrated. R. North.

Per"pe*trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perpetrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perpetrating.] [L. perpetratus, p. p. of perpetrare to effect,
perpetrare; per + patrare to perform.] To do or perform; to carry
through; to execute, commonly in a bad sense; to commit (as a crime, an
offense); to be guilty of; as, to perpetrate a foul deed.

    What the worst perpetrate, or best endure.


Young.

Per`pe*tra"tion (?), n. [L. perpetratio: cf. F. perpÈtration.] 1. The
act of perpetrating; a doing; -- commonly used of doing something
wrong, as a crime.

2. The thing perpetrated; an evil action.

Per"pe*tra`tor (?), n. [L.] One who perpetrates; esp., one who commits
an offense or crime.

Per*pet"u*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being perpetuated or continued.

    Varieties are perpetuable, like species.


Gray.

Per*pet"u*al (?), a. [OE. perpetuel, F. perpÈtuel, fr. L. perpetualis,
fr. perpetuus continuing throughout, continuous, fr. perpes, -etis,
lasting throughout.] Neverceasing; continuing forever or for an
unlimited time; unfailing; everlasting; continuous.

    Unto the kingdom of perpetual night.


Shak.

    Perpetual feast of nectared sweets.


Milton.

Circle of perpetual apparition, or occultation. See under Circle. --
Perpetual calendar, a calendar so devised that it may be adjusted for
any month or year. -- Perpetual curacy (Ch. of Eng.), a curacy in which
all the tithes are appropriated, and no vicarage is endowed.
Blackstone. -- Perpetual motion. See under Motion. -- Perpetual screw.
See Endless screw, under Screw.

Syn. -- Continual; unceasing; endless; everlasting; incessant;
constant; eternal. See Constant.

Per*pet"u*al*ly, adv. In a perpetual manner; constantly; continually.

    The Bible and Common Prayer Book in the vulgar tongue, being
    perpetually read in churches, have proved a kind of standard for
    language.


Swift.

Per*pet"u*al*ty (?), n. The state or condition of being perpetual.
[Obs.] Testament of Love.

Per*pet"u*ance (?), n. Perpetuity. [Obs.]

Per*pet"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perpetuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perpetuating.] [L. perpetuatus, p. p. of perpetuare to perpetuate. See
Perpetual.] To make perpetual; to cause to endure, or to be continued,
indefinitely; to preserve from extinction or oblivion; to eternize.
Addison. Burke.

Per*pet"u*ate (?), a. [L. perpetuatus, p. p.] Made perpetual;
perpetuated. [R.] Southey.

Per*pet`u*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. perpÈtuation.] The act of making
perpetual, or of preserving from extinction through an endless
existence, or for an indefinite period of time; continuance. Sir T.
Browne.

Per`pe*tu"i*ty (?), n. [L. perpetuitas: cf. F. perpÈtuitÈ.] 1. The
quality or state of being perpetual; as, the perpetuity of laws. Bacon.

    A path to perpetuity of fame.


Byron.

    The perpetuity of single emotion is insanity.


I. Taylor.

2. Something that is perpetual. South.

3. Endless time. "And yet we should, for perpetuity, go hence in debt."
Shak.

4. (Annuities) (a) The number of years in which the simple interest of
any sum becomes equal to the principal. (b) The number of years'
purchase to be given for an annuity to continue forever. (c) A
perpetual annuity.

5. (Law) (a) Duration without limitations as to time. (b) The quality
or condition of an estate by which it becomes inalienable, either
perpetually or for a very long period; also, the estate itself so
modified or perpetuated.

Per*plex" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perplexed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perplexing.] [L. perplexari. See Perplex, a.] 1. To involve; to
entangle; to make intricate or complicated, and difficult to be
unraveled or understood; as, to perplex one with doubts.

    No artful wildness to perplex the scene.


Pope.

    What was thought obscure, perplexed, and too hard for our weak
    parts, will lie open to the understanding in a fair view.


Locke.

2. To embarrass; to puzzle; to distract; to bewilder; to confuse; to
trouble with ambiguity, suspense, or anxiety. "Perplexd beyond
self-explication." Shak.

    We are perplexed, but not in despair.


2 Cor. iv. 8.

    We can distinguish no general truths, or at least shall be apt to
    perplex the mind.


Locke.

3. To plague; to vex; to tormen. Glanvill.

Syn. -- To entangle; involve; complicate; embarrass; puzzle; bewilder;
confuse; distract. See Embarrass.

Per*plex", a. [L. perplexus entangled, intricate; per + plectere,
plexum, to plait, braid: cf. F. perplexe. See Per-, and Plait.]
Intricate; difficult. [Obs.] Glanvill.

Per*plexed" (?), a. Entangled, involved, or confused; hence,
embarrassd; puzzled; doubtful; anxious. -- Per*plex"ed*ly (#), adv. --
Per*plex"ed*ness, n.

Per*plex"ing (?), a. Embarrassing; puzzling; troublesome. "Perplexing
thoughts." Milton.

Per*plex"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Perplexities (#). [L. perplexitas: cf. F.
perplexitÈ.] The quality or state of being perplexed or puzzled;
complication; intricacy; entanglement; distraction of mind through
doubt or difficulty; embarrassment; bewilderment; doubt.

    By their own perplexities involved, They ravel more.


Milton.

Per*plex"ive*ness (?), n. The quality of being perplexing; tendency to
perplex. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Per*plex"ly, adv. Perplexedly. [Obs.] Milton.

Per`po*ta"tion (?), n. [L. perpotatio, fr. perpotate. See Per-, and
Potation.] The act of drinking excessively; a drinking bout. [Obs.]

Per"qui*site (?), n. [L. perquisitum, fr. perquisitus, p. p. of
perquirere to ask for diligently; per + quaerere to seek. See Per-, and
Quest.] 1. Something gained from a place or employment over and above
the ordinary salary or fixed wages for services rendered; especially, a
fee allowed by law to an officer for a specific service.

    The pillage of a place taken by storm was regarded as the
    perquisite of the soldiers.


Prescott.

    The best perquisites of a place are the advantages it gaves a man
    of doing good.


Addison.

2. pl. (Law) Things gotten by a man's own industry, or purchased with
his own money, as opposed to things which come to him by descent.
Mozley & W.

Per"qui*sit*ed, a. Supplied with perquisites. [Obs.] "Perquisited
varlets frequent stand." Savage.

Per`qui*si"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. perquisition.] A thorough inquiry of
search. [R.] Berkeley.

Per*ra"di*al (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Situated around the radii, or radial
tubes, of a radiate.

Per"rie (?), n. [F. pierreries, pl., fr. pierre stone, L. petra.]
Precious stones; jewels. [Obs.] [Written also perre, perrye, etc.]
Chaucer.

Per"ri*er (?), n. [OF. perriere, perrier, F. perrier. Cf. Pederero.]
(Mil.) A short mortar used formerly for throwing stone shot. Hakluyt.

Per`ro*quet" (?), n. [F.] (Zoˆl.) See Paroquet, Parakeet.

||Per`ruque" (?), n. [F.] See Peruke.

Per*ru"qui*er (?), n. [F.] A marker of perukes or wigs.

Per"ry (?), n. [OF. perÈ, F. poirÈ, fr. poire a pear, L. pirum. See
Pear the fruit.] A fermented liquor made from pears; pear cider.
Mortimer.

Per"ry, n. A suddent squall. See Pirry. [Obs.]

Pers (?), a. [F. pers.] Light blue; grayish blue; -- a term applied to
different shades at different periods. -- n. A cloth of sky-blue color.
[Obs.] "A long surcoat of pers." Chaucer.

Per"salt` (?), n. (Chem.) A term formerly given to the salts supposed
to be formed respectively by neutralizing acids with certain peroxides.
[Obsoles.]

Per"sant (?), a. [F. perÁant, p. pr. of percer to pierce.] Piercing.
[Obs.] Spenser.

Per`scru*ta"tion (?), n. [L. perscrutatio, fr. perscrutari to search
through.] A thorough searching; a minute inquiry or scrutiny. Carlyle

Per"se*cot (?), n. See Persicot.

Per"se*cute (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Persecuted (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Persecuting.] [F. persÈcueter, L. persequi, persecutus, to pursue,
prosecute; per + sequi to follow, pursue. See Per-, and Second.] 1. To
pursue in a manner to injure, grieve, or afflict; to beset with cruelty
or malignity; to harass; especially, to afflict, harass, punish, or put
to death, for adherence to a particular religious creed or mode of
worship.

    Do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully
    use you, and persecute you.


Matt. v. 44.

2. To harass with importunity; to pursue with persistent solicitations;
to annoy. Johnson.

Syn. -- To oppress; harass; distress; worry; annoy.

Per`se*cu"tion (?), n. [F. persÈcution, L. persecutio.] 1. The act or
practice of persecuting; especially, the infliction of loss, pain, or
death for adherence to a particular creed or mode of worship.

    Persecution produces no sincere conviction.


Paley.

2. The state or condition of being persecuted. Locke.

3. A carrying on; prosecution. [Obs.]

Per"se*cu`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. persÈcuteur.] One who persecutes, or
harasses. Shak.

Per"se*cu`trix (?), n. [L.] A woman who persecutes.

Per"se*id (?), n. (Astron.) One of a group of shooting stars which
appear yearly about the 10th of August, and cross the heavens in paths
apparently radiating from the constellation Perseus. They are beleived
to be fragments once connected with a comet visible in 1862.

Per"se*us (?), n. [L., from Gr. &?;.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A Grecian
legendary hero, son of Jupiter and DanaÎ, who slew the Gorgon Medusa.

2. (Astron.) A consellation of the northern hemisphere, near Taurus and
Cassiopea. It contains a star cluster visible to the naked eye as a
nebula.

Per*sev"er (?), v. i. To persevere. [Obs.]

Per`se*ver"ance (?), n. [F. persÈvÈrance, L. perseverantia.] 1. The act
of persevering; persistence in anything undertaken; continued pursuit
or prosecution of any business, or enterprise begun. "The king-becoming
graces . . . perseverance, mercy, lowliness." Shak.

    Whose constant perseverance overcame Whate'er his cruel malice
    could invent.


Milton.

2. Discrimination. [Obs.] Sir J. Harrington.

3. (Theol.) Continuance in a state of grace until it is succeeded by a
state of glory; sometimes called final perseverance, and the
perseverance of the saints. See Calvinism.

Syn. -- Persistence; steadfastness; constancy; steadiness; pertinacity.

<! p. 1070 !>

Per`se*ver"ant (?), a. [L. perseverans, -antis, p. pr.: cf. F.
persÈvÈrant.] Persevering. [R.] "Perseverant faith." Whitby. --
Per`se*ver"ant*ly, adv. [R.]

Per`se*vere" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Persevered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Persevering.] [F. persÈvÈrer, L. perseverare, fr. perseverus very
strict; per + severus strict, severe. See Per-, and Severe.] To persist
in any business or enterprise undertaken; to pursue steadily any
project or course begun; to maintain a purpose in spite of counter
influences, opposition, or discouragement; not to give or abandon what
is undertaken.

    Thrice happy, if they know Their happiness, and persevere upright.


Milton.

Syn. -- To Persevere, Continue, Persist. The idea of not laying aside
is common to these words. Continue is the generic term, denoting simply
to do as one has done hitherto. To persevere is to continue in a given
course in spite of discouragements, etc., from a desire to obtain our
end. To persist is to continue from a determination of will not to give
up. Persist is frequently used in a bad sense, implying obstinacy in
pursuing an unworthy aim.

Per`se*ver"ing (?), a. Characterized by perseverance; persistent. --
Per`se*ver"ing*ly, adv.

Per"sian (?), a. [From Persia: cf. It. Persiano. Cf. Parsee, Peach,
Persic.] Of or pertaining to Persia, to the Persians, or to their
language.

Persian berry, the fruit of Rhamnus infectorius, a kind of buckthorn,
used for dyeing yellow, and imported chiefly from Trebizond. -- Persian
cat. (Zoˆl.) Same as Angora cat, under Angora. -- Persian columns
(Arch.), columns of which the shaft represents a Persian slave; --
called also Persians. See Atlantes. -- Persian drill (Mech.), a drill
which is turned by pushing a nut back and forth along a spirally
grooved drill holder. -- Persian fire (Med.), malignant pustule. --
Persian powder. See Insect powder, under Insect. -- Persian red. See
Indian red (a), under Indian. -- Persian wheel, a noria; a tympanum.
See Noria.

Per"sian, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Persia.

2. The language spoken in Persia.

3. A thin silk fabric, used formerly for linings. Beck.

4. pl. (Arch.) See Persian columns, under Persian, a.

Per"sic (?), a. [L. Persicus. Cf. Persian.] Of or relating to Persia.
-- n. The Persian language.

||Per`si*ca"ri*a (?), n. [NL., from LL. persicarius a peach tree. See
||Peach.] (Bot.) See Lady's thumb.

Per"si*cot (?), n. [F. See Peach.] A cordial made of the kernels of
apricots, nectarines, etc., with refined spirit.

||Per`si`flage" (?), n. [F., fr. persifler to quiz, fr. L. per +
||siffler to whistle, hiss, L. sibilare, sifilare.] Frivolous or
||bantering talk; a frivolous manner of treating any subject, whether
||serious or otherwise; light raillery. Hannah More.

||Per`si`fleur (?), n. [F.] One who indulges in persiflage; a banterer;
||a quiz. Carlyle.

Per*sim"mon (?), n. [Virginia Indian.] (Bot.) An American tree
(Diospyros Virginiana) and its fruit, found from New York southward.
The fruit is like a plum in appearance, but is very harsh and
astringent until it has been exposed to frost, when it becomes
palatable and nutritious.

Japanese persimmon, Diospyros Kaki and its red or yellow edible fruit,
which outwardly resembles a tomato, but contains a few large seeds.

Per"sis (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A kind of coloring matter obtained
from lichens.

Per"sism (?), n. A Persian idiom.

Per*sist" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Persisted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Persisting.] [L. persistere; per + sistere to stand or be fixed, fr.
stare to stand: cf. F. persister. See Per-, and Stand.] To stand firm;
to be fixed and unmoved; to stay; to continue steadfastly; especially,
to continue fixed in a course of conduct against opposing motives; to
persevere; - - sometimes conveying an unfavorable notion, as of
doggedness or obstinacy.

    If they persist in pointing their batteries against particular
    persons, no laws of war forbid the making reprisals.


Addison.

    Some positive, persisting fops we know, Who, if once wrong, will
    needs be always so.


Pope.

    That face persists. It floats up; it turns over in my mind.


Mrs. Browning.

Syn. -- See Persevere, and Insist.

{ Per*sist"ence (?), Per*sist"en*cy (?), } n. [See Persistent.] 1. The
quality or state of being persistent; staying or continuing quality;
hence, in an unfavorable sense, doggedness; obstinacy.

2. The continuance of an effect after the cause which first gave rise
to it is removed; as: (a) (Physics) The persistence of motion. (b)
(Physiol.) Visual persistence, or persistence of the visual impression;
auditory persistence, etc.

Per*sist"ent (?), a. [L. persistens, -entis, p. pr. of persistere. See
Persist.] 1. Inclined to persist; having staying qualities; tenacious
of position or purpose.

2. (Biol.) Remaining beyond the period when parts of the same kind
sometimes fall off or are absorbed; permanent; as, persistent teeth or
gills; a persistent calyx; -- opposed to deciduous, and caducous.

Per*sist"ent*ly, adv. In a persistent manner.

Per*sist"ing, a. Inclined to persist; tenacious of purpose; persistent.
-- Per*sist"ing*ly, adv.

Per*sist"ive (?), a. See Persistent. Shak.

Per*solve" (?), v. t. [L. persolvere.] To pay wholly, or fully. [Obs.]
E. Hall.

Per"son (?), n. [OE. persone, persoun, person, parson, OF. persone, F.
personne, L. persona a mask (used by actors), a personage, part, a
person, fr. personare to sound through; per + sonare to sound. See
Per-, and cf. Parson.] 1. A character or part, as in a play; a specific
kind or manifestation of individual character, whether in real life, or
in literary or dramatic representation; an assumed character. [Archaic]

    His first appearance upon the stage in his new person of a
    sycophant or juggler.


Bacon.

    No man can long put on a person and act a part.


Jer. Taylor.

    To bear rule, which was thy part And person, hadst thou known
    thyself aright.


Milton.

    How different is the same man from himself, as he sustains the
    person of a magistrate and that of a friend!


South.

2. The bodily form of a human being; body; outward appearance; as, of
comely person.

    A fair persone, and strong, and young of age.


Chaucer.

    If it assume my noble father's person.


Shak.

    Love, sweetness, goodness, in her person shined.


Milton.

3. A living, self-conscious being, as distinct from an animal or a
thing; a moral agent; a human being; a man, woman, or child.

    Consider what person stands for; which, I think, is a thinking,
    intelligent being, that has reason and reflection.


Locke.

4. A human being spoken of indefinitely; one; a man; as, any person
present.

5. A parson; the parish priest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

6. (Theol.) Among Trinitarians, one of the three subdivisions of the
Godhead (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost); an hypostasis.
"Three persons and one God." Bk. of Com. Prayer.

7. (Gram.) One of three relations or conditions (that of speaking, that
of being spoken to, and that of being spoken of) pertaining to a noun
or a pronoun, and thence also to the verb of which it may be the
subject.

A noun or pronoun, when representing the speaker, is said to be in the
first person; when representing what is spoken to, in the second
person; when representing what is spoken of, in the third person.

8. (Biol.) A shoot or bud of a plant; a polyp or zooid of the compound
Hydrozoa Anthozoa, etc.; also, an individual, in the narrowest sense,
among the higher animals. Haeckel.

    True corms, composed of united personÊ . . . usually arise by
    gemmation, . . . yet in sponges and corals occasionally by fusion
    of several originally distinct persons.


Encyc. Brit.

Artificial, or Fictitious, person (Law), a corporation or body politic.
blackstone. -- Natural person (Law), a man, woman, or child, in
distinction from a corporation. -- In person, by one's self; with
bodily presence; not by representative. "The king himself in person is
set forth." Shak. -- In the person of, in the place of; acting for.
Shak.

Per"son (?), v. t. To represent as a person; to personify; to
impersonate. [Obs.] Milton.

||Per*so"na (?), n.; pl. PersonÊ (#). [L.] (Biol.) Same as Person, n.,
||8.

Per"son*a*ble (?), a. 1. Having a well-formed body, or person;
graceful; comely; of good appearance; presentable; as, a personable man
or woman.

    Wise, warlike, personable, courteous, and kind.


Spenser.

    The king, . . . so visited with sickness, was not personable.


E. Hall.

2. (Law) (a) Enabled to maintain pleas in court. Cowell. (b) Having
capacity to take anything granted.

Per"son*age (?), n. [F. personnage.] 1. Form, appearance, or belongings
of a person; the external appearance, stature, figure, air, and the
like, of a person. "In personage stately." Hayward.

    The damsel well did view his personage.


Spenser.

2. Character assumed or represented. "The actors and personages of this
fable." Broome. "Disguised in a false personage." Addison.

3. A notable or distinguished person; a conspicious or peculiar
character; as, an illustrious personage; a comely personage of stature
tall. Spenser.

Per"son*al (?), a. [L. personalis: cf. F. personnel.] 1. Pertaining to
human beings as distinct from things.

    Every man so termed by way of personal difference.


Hooker.

2. Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting,
an individual, or each of many individuals; peculiar or proper to
private concerns; not public or general; as, personal comfort; personal
desire.

    The words are conditional, -- If thou doest well, -- and so
    personal to Cain.


Locke.

3. Pertaining to the external or bodily appearance; corporeal; as,
personal charms. Addison.

4. Done in person; without the intervention of another. "Personal
communication." Fabyan.

    The immediate and personal speaking of God.


White.

5. Relating to an individual, his character, conduct, motives, or
private affairs, in an invidious and offensive manner; as, personal
reflections or remarks.

6. (Gram.) Denoting person; as, a personal pronoun.

Personal action (Law), a suit or action by which a man claims a debt or
personal duty, or damages in lieu of it; or wherein he claims
satisfaction in damages for an injury to his person or property, or the
specific recovery of goods or chattels; -- opposed to real action. --
Personal equation. (Astron.) See under Equation. -- Personal estate or
property (Law), movables; chattels; -- opposed to real estate or
property. It usually consists of things temporary and movable,
including all subjects of property not of a freehold nature. --
Personal identity (Metaph.), the persistent and continuous unity of the
individual person, which is attested by consciousness. -- Personal
pronoun (Gram.), one of the pronouns I, thou, he, she, it, and their
plurals. -- Personal representatives (Law), the executors or
administrators of a person deceased. -- Personal rights, rights
appertaining to the person; as, the rights of a personal security,
personal liberty, and private property. -- Personal tithes. See under
Tithe. -- Personal verb (Gram.), a verb which is modified or inflected
to correspond with the three persons.

Per"son*al, n. (Law) A movable; a chattel.

Per"son*al*ism (?), n. The quality or state of being personal;
personality. [R.]

Per`son*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Personalities (#). [Cf. F. personnalitÈ.
Cf. Personality.] 1. That which constitutes distinction of person;
individuality.

    Personality is individuality existing in itself, but with a nature
    as a ground.


Coleridge.

2. Something said or written which refers to the person, conduct, etc.,
of some individual, especially something of a disparaging or offensive
nature; personal remarks; as, indulgence in personalities.

    Sharp personalities were exchanged.


Macaulay.

3. (Law) That quality of a law which concerns the condition, state, and
capacity of persons. Burrill.

Per"son*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personalized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Personalizing (?).] To make personal. "They personalize death." H.
Spencer.

Per"son*al*ly, adv. 1. In a personal manner; by bodily presence; in
person; not by representative or substitute; as, to deliver a letter
personally.

    He, being cited, personally came not.


Grafton.

2. With respect to an individual; as regards the person; individually;
particularly.

    She bore a mortal hatred to the house of Lancaster, and personally
    to the king.


Bacon.

3. With respect to one's individuality; as regards one's self; as,
personally I have no feeling in the matter.

Per"son*al*ty (?), n. 1. The state of being a person; personality. [R.]

2. (Law) Personal property, as distinguished from realty or real
property.

Per"son*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Personating (?).] [L. personare to cry out, LL., to extol. See Person.]
To celebrate loudly; to extol; to praise. [Obs.]

    In fable, hymn, or song so personating Their gods ridiculous.


Milton.

Per"son*ate, v. t. [L. personatus masked, assumed, fictitious, fr.
persona a mask. See Person.] 1. To assume the character of; to
represent by a fictitious appearance; to act the part of; hence, to
counterfeit; to feign; as, he tried to personate his brother; a
personated devotion. Hammond.

2. To set forth in an unreal character; to disguise; to mask. [R.] "A
personated mate." Milton.

3. To personify; to typify; to describe. Shak.

Per"son*ate, v. i. To play or assume a character.

Per"son*ate (?), a. [L. personatus masked.] (Bot.) Having the throat of
a bilabiate corolla nearly closed by a projection of the base of the
lower lip; masked, as in the flower of the snapdragon.

Per`son*a"tion (?), n. The act of personating, or conterfeiting the
person or character of another.

Per"son*a`tor (?), n. One who personates. "The personators of these
actions." B. Jonson.

Per`son*e"i*ty (?), n. Personality. [R.] Coleridge.

Per*son`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. personnification.] 1. The act of
personifying; impersonation; embodiment. C. Knight.

2. (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstract
idea is represented as animated, or endowed with personality;
prosopop&?;ia; as, the floods clap their hands. "Confusion heards his
voice." Milton.

Per*son"i*fi`er (?), n. One who personifies.

Per*son"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Personifying (?).] [Person + -fy: cf. F. personnifier.] 1. To regard,
treat, or represent as a person; to represent as a rational being.

    The poets take the liberty of personifying inanimate things.


Chesterfield.

2. To be the embodiment or personification of; to impersonate; as, he
personifies the law.

Per"son*ize (?), v. t. To personify. [R.]

    Milton has personized them.


J. Richardson.

||Per`son`nel" (?), n. [F. See Personal.] The body of persons employed
||in some public service, as the army, navy, etc.; -- distinguished
||from matÈriel.

Per*spec"tive (?), a. [L. perspicere, perspectum, to look through; per
+ spicere, specere, to look: cf. F. perspectif; or from E. perspective,
n. See Spy, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to the science of vision; optical.
[Obs.] Bacon.

2. Pertaining to the art, or in accordance with the laws, of
perspective.

Perspective plane, the plane or surface on which the objects are
delineated, or the picture drawn; the plane of projection; --
distinguished from the ground plane, which is that on which the objects
are represented as standing. When this plane is oblique to the
principal face of the object, the perspective is called oblique
perspective; when parallel to that face, parallel perspective. --
Perspective shell (Zoˆl.), any shell of the genus Solarium and allied
genera. See Solarium.

Per*spec"tive, n. [F. perspective, fr. perspectif: cf. It. perspettiva.
See Perspective, a.] 1. A glass through which objects are viewed.
[Obs.] "Not a perspective, but a mirror." Sir T. Browne.

2. That which is seen through an opening; a view; a vista. "The
perspective of life." Goldsmith.

3. The effect of distance upon the appearance of objects, by means of
which the eye recognized them as being at a more or less measurable
distance. Hence, aÎrial perspective, the assumed greater vagueness or
uncertainty of outline in distant objects.

    AÎrial perspective is the expression of space by any means
    whatsoever, sharpness of edge, vividness of color, etc.


Ruskin.

4. The art and the science of so delineating objects that they shall
seem to grow smaller as they recede from the eye; -- called also linear
perspective.

5. A drawing in linear perspective.

Isometrical perspective, an inaccurate term for a mechanical way of
representing objects in the direction of the diagonal of a cube. --
Perspective glass, a telescope which shows objects in the right
position.

<! p. 1071 !>

Per*spec"tive*ly (?), adv. 1. Optically; as through a glass. [R.]

    You see them perspectively.


Shak.

2. According to the rules of perspective.

Per*spec"to*graph (?), n. [L. perspectus (p. p. of perspicere to look
through) + - graph.] An instrument for obtaining, and transferring to a
picture, the points and outlines of objects, so as to represent them in
their proper geometrical relations as viewed from some one point.

Per`spec*tog"ra*phy (?), n. The science or art of delineating objects
according to the laws of perspective; the theory of perspective.

Per"spi*ca*ble (?), a. [L. perspicabilis, fr. perspicere.] Discernible.
[Obs.] Herbert.

Per`spi*ca"cious (?), a. [L. perspicax, -acis, fr. perspicere to look
through: cf. F. perspicace. See Perspective.] 1. Having the power of
seeing clearly; quick-sighted; sharp of sight.

2. Fig.: Of acute discernment; keen.

-- Per`spi*ca"cious*ly, adv. -- Per`spi*ca"cious*ness, n.

Per`spi*cac"i*ty (?), n. [L. perspicacitas: cf. F. perspicacitÈ. See
Perspicacious.] The state of being perspicacious; acuteness of sight or
of intelligence; acute discernment. Sir T. Browne.

Per"spi*ca*cy (?), n. Perspicacity. [Obs.]

Per*spi"cience (?), n. [L. perspicientia, fr. perspiciens, p. p. of
perspicere. See Perspective.] The act of looking sharply. [Obs.]
Bailey.

Per"spi*cil (?), n. [LL. perspicilla, fr. L. perspicere to look
through.] An optical glass; a telescope. [Obs.] Crashaw.

Per`spi*cu"i*ty (?), n. [L. perspicuitas: cf. F. perspicuitÈ.] 1. The
quality or state of being transparent or translucent. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

2. The quality of being perspicuous to the understanding; clearness of
expression or thought.

3. Sagacity; perspicacity.

Syn. -- Clearness; perspicuousness; plainness; distinctness; lucidity;
transparency. See Clearness.

Per*spic"u*ous (?), a. [L. perspicuus, from perspicere to look through.
See Perspective.] 1. Capable of being through; transparent;
translucent; not opaque. [Obs.] Peacham.

2. Clear to the understanding; capable of being clearly understood;
clear in thought or in expression; not obscure or ambiguous; as, a
perspicuous writer; perspicuous statements. "The purpose is
perspicuous." Shak.

-- Per*spic"u*ous*ly, adv. -- Per*spic"u*ous*ness, n.

Per*spir`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being perspirable.

Per*spir"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. perspirable.] 1. Capable of being
perspired. Sir T. Browne.

2. Emitting perspiration; perspiring. [R.] Bacon.

Per`spi*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. perspiration.] 1. The act or process of
perspiring.

2. That which is excreted through the skin; sweat.

A man of average weight throws off through the skin during 24 hours
about 18 ounces of water, 300 grains of solid matter, and 400 grains of
carbonic acid gas. Ordinarily, this constant exhalation is not
apparent, and the excretion is then termed insensible perspiration.

Per*spir"a*tive (?), a. Performing the act of perspiration;
perspiratory.

Per*spir"a*to*ry (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or producing, perspiration;
as, the perspiratory ducts.

Per*spire" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perspired (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perspiring.] [L. perspirare to breathe through; per + spirare. See
Per-, and Spirit.] 1. (Physiol.) To excrete matter through the skin;
esp., to excrete fluids through the pores of the skin; to sweat.

2. To be evacuated or excreted, or to exude, through the pores of the
skin; as, a fluid perspires.

Per*spire", v. t. To emit or evacuate through the pores of the skin; to
sweat; to excrete through pores.

    Firs . . . perspire a fine balsam of turpentine.


Smollett.

Per*strep"er*ous (?), a. [L. perstrepere to make a great noise.] Noisy;
obstreperous. [Obs.] Ford.

Per*stringe" (?), v. t. [L. perstringere; per + stringere to bind up,
to touch upon.] 1. To touch; to graze; to glance on. [Obs.]

2. To criticise; to touch upon. [R.] Evelyn.

Per*suad"a*ble (?), a. That may be persuaded. -- Per*suad"a*ble*ness,
n. -- Per*suad"a*bly, adv.

Per*suade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Persuaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Persuading.] [L. persuadere, persuasum; per + suadere to advise,
persuade: cf. F. persuader. See Per- , and Suasion.] 1. To influence or
gain over by argument, advice, entreaty, expostulation, etc.; to draw
or incline to a determination by presenting sufficient motives.

    Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian.


Acts xxvi. 28.

    We will persuade him, be it possible.


Shak.

2. To try to influence. [Obsolescent]

    Hearken not unto Hezekiah, when he persuadeth you.


2 Kings xviii. 32.

3. To convince by argument, or by reasons offered or suggested from
reflection, etc.; to cause to believe.

    Beloved, we are persuaded better things of you.


Heb. vi. 9.

4. To inculcate by argument or expostulation; to advise; to recommend.
Jer. Taylor.

Syn. -- To convince; induce; prevail on; win over; allure; entice. See
Convince.

Per*suade" (?), v. i. To use persuasion; to plead; to prevail by
persuasion. Shak.

Per*suade", n. Persuasion. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Per*suad"ed, p. p. & a. Prevailed upon; influenced by argument or
entreaty; convinced. -- Per*suad"ed*ly, adv. -- Per*suad"ed*ness, n.

Per*suad"er (?), n. One who, or that which, persuades or influences.
"Powerful persuaders." Milton.

Per*sua`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being persuaded. Hawthorne.

Per*sua"si*ble (?), a. [Cf. L. persuasibilis persuasive, F. persuasible
persuasible.] 1. Capable of being persuaded; persuadable.

2. Persuasive. [Obs.] Bale.

-- Per*sua"si*ble*ness, n. -- Per*sua"si*bly, adv.

Per*sua"sion (?), n. [L. persuasio; Cf. F. persuasion.] 1. The act of
persuading; the act of influencing the mind by arguments or reasons
offered, or by anything that moves the mind or passions, or inclines
the will to a determination.

    For thou hast all the arts of fine persuasion.


Otway.

2. The state of being persuaded or convinced; settled opinion or
conviction, which has been induced.

    If the general persuasion of all men does so account it.


Hooker.

    My firm persuasion is, at least sometimes, That Heaven will weigh
    man's virtues and his crimes With nice attention.


Cowper.

3. A creed or belief; a sect or party adhering to a certain creed or
system of opinions; as, of the same persuasion; all persuasions are
agreed.

    Of whatever state or persuasion, religious or political.


Jefferson.

4. The power or quality of persuading; persuasiveness.

    Is 't possible that my deserts to you Can lack persuasion?


Shak.

5. That which persuades; a persuasive. [R.]

Syn. -- See Conviction.

Per*sua"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. persuasif.] Tending to persuade; having
the power of persuading; as, persuasive eloquence. "Persuasive words."
Milton.

Per*sua"sive, n. That which persuades; an inducement; an incitement; an
exhortation. -- Per*sua"sive*ly, adv. -- Per*sua"sive*ness, n.

Per*sua"so*ry (?), a. Persuasive. Sir T. Browne.

Per*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A sulphate of the peroxide of any base.
[R.]

Per*sul"phide (?), n. (Chem.) A sulphide containing more sulphur than
some other compound of the same elements; as, iron pyrites is a
persulphide; -- formerly called persulphuret.

Per*sul`pho*cy"a*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of persulphocyanic acid.
[R.]

Per*sul`pho*cy*an"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a
yellow crystalline substance (called also perthiocyanic acid),
analogous to sulphocyanic acid, but containing more sulphur.

Per*sul`pho*cy*an"o*gen (?), n. (Chem.) An orange-yellow substance,
produced by the action of chlorine or boiling dilute nitric acid and
sulphocyanate of potassium; -- called also pseudosulphocyanogen,
perthiocyanogen, and formerly sulphocyanogen.

Per*sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A persulphide. [Obs.]

Pert (?), a. [An aphetic form of OE. & OF. apert open, known, true,
free, or impudent. See Apert.] 1. Open; evident; apert. [Obs.] Piers
Plowman.

2. Lively; brisk; sprightly; smart. [Obs.] Shak.

3. Indecorously free, or presuming; saucy; bold; impertinent. "A very
pert manner." Addison.

    The squirrel, flippant, pert, and full of play.


Cowper.

Pert, v. i. To behave with pertness. [Obs.] Gauden.

Per*tain" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pertained (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pertaining.] [OE. partenen, OF. partenir, fr. L. pertinere to stretch
out, reach, pertain; per + tenere to hold, keep. See Per-, and Tenable,
and cf. Appertain, Pertinent.] 1. To belong; to have connection with,
or dependence on, something, as an appurtenance, attribute, etc.; to
appertain; as, saltness pertains to the ocean; flowers pertain to plant
life.

    Men hate those who affect that honor by ambition which pertaineth
    not to them.


Hayward.

2. To have relation or reference to something.

    These words pertain unto us at this time as they pertained to them
    at their time.


Latimer.

Per*ter`e*bra"tion (?), n. [L. perterebratus, p. p. of perterebrare to
bore through.] The act of boring through. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Per*thi`o*cy*an"o*gen (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Persulphocyanogen.

Perth"ite (?), n. [So called from Perth, in canada.] (Min.) A kind of
feldspar consisting of a laminated intertexture of albite and
orthoclase, usually of different colors. -- Per*thit"ic (#), a.

Per`ti*na"cious (?), a.[L. pertinax, -acis; per + tenax tenacious. See
Per-, and Tenacious.] 1. Holding or adhering to any opinion, purpose,
or design, with obstinacy; perversely persistent; obstinate; as,
pertinacious plotters; a pertinacious beggar.

2. Resolute; persevering; constant; steady.

    Diligence is a steady, constant, and pertinacious study.


South.

Syn. -- Obstinate; stubborn; inflexible; unyielding; resolute;
determined; firm; constant; steady.

-- Per`ti*na"cious*ly, adv. -- Per`ti*na"cious*ness, n.

Per`ti*nac"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pertinacitÈ.] The quality or state of
being pertinacious; obstinacy; perseverance; persistency. Macaulay.

Syn. -- See Obstinacy.

Per"ti*na*cy (?), n. [L. pertinere to pertain. See Pertinence.] The
quality or state of being pertinent; pertinence. [Obs.]

Per"ti*na*cy, n. [L. pertinacia, fr. pertinax. See Pertinacious.]
Pertinacity. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Per"ti*nate (?), a. Pertinacious. [Obs.]

Per"ti*nate*ly, adv. Pertinaciously. [Obs.]

{ Per"ti*nence (?), Per"ti*nen*cy (?), } n. [Cf. F. pertinence. See
Pertinent.] The quality or state of being pertinent; justness of
relation to the subject or matter in hand; fitness; appositeness;
relevancy; suitableness.

    The fitness and pertinency of the apostle's discourse.


Bentley.

Per"ti*nent (?), a. [L. pertinens, -entis, p. pr. of pertinere: cf. F.
pertinent. See Pertain.] 1. Belonging or related to the subject or
matter in hand; fit or appropriate in any way; adapted to the end
proposed; apposite; material; relevant; as, pertinent illustrations or
arguments; pertinent evidence.

2. Regarding; concerning; belonging; pertaining. [R.] "Pertinent unto
faith." Hooker.

Syn. -- Apposite; relevant; suitable; appropriate; fit.

-- Per"ti*nent*ly, adv. -- Per"ti*nent*ness, n.

Pert"ly (?), adv. In a pert manner.

Pert"ness, n. The quality or state of being pert.

Per*tran"sient (?), a. [L. pertransiens, p. pr. of pertransire.]
Passing through or over. [R.]

Per*turb" (?), v. t. [L. perturbare, perturbatum; per + turbare to
disturb, fr. turba a disorder: cf. OF. perturber. See Per-, and
Turbid.] 1. To disturb; to agitate; to vex; to trouble; to disquiet.

    Ye that . . . perturb so my feast with crying.


Chaucer.

2. To disorder; to confuse. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Per*turb`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being perturbable.

Per*turb"a*ble (?), a. Liable to be perturbed or agitated; liable to be
disturbed or disquieted.

Per*turb"ance (?), n. Disturbance; perturbation. [R.] "Perturbance of
the mind." Sharp.

Per"tur*bate (?), v. t. [From L. perturbatus, p. p.] To perturb. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.

Per"tur*bate (?), a. Perturbed; agitated. [R.]

Per`tur*ba"tion (?), n. [L. perturbatio: cf. F. perturbation.] 1. The
act of perturbing, or the state of being perturbed; esp., agitation of
mind.

2. (Astron.) A disturbance in the regular elliptic or other motion of a
heavenly body, produced by some force additional to that which causes
its regular motion; as, the perturbations of the planets are caused by
their attraction on each other. Newcomb.

Per`tur*ba"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to perturbation, esp. to
the perturbations of the planets. "The perturbational theory." Sir J.
Herschel.

Per"tur*ba*tive (?), a. Tending to cause perturbation; disturbing. Sir
J. Herschel.

Per"tur*ba`tor (?), n. A perturber. [R.]

Per*turbed" (?), a. Agitated; disturbed; troubled. Shak. --
Per*turb"ed*ly, adv.

Per*turb"er (?), n. One who, or that which, perturbs, or cause
perturbation.

Per*tus"ate (?), a. [See Pertuse.] (Bot.) Pierced at the apex.

{ Per*tuse" (?), Per*tused" (?) }, a. [L. pertusus, p. p. of pertundere
to beat or thrust through, to bore through; per + tundere to beat: cf.
F. pertus. Cf. Pierce.] Punched; pierced with, or having, holes.

Per*tu"sion (?), n. [L. pertusio.] The act of punching or piercing with
a pointed instrument; as, pertusion of a vein. [R.] Arbuthnot.

2. A punched hole; a perforation. Bacon.

||Per*tus"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. L. per through, very + tussis cough.]
||(Med.) The whooping cough.

Per"uke (?), n. [F. perruque, It. perrucca, parrucca, fr. L. pilus
hair. Cf. Periwig, Wig, Peel to strip off, Plush, Pile a hair.] A wig;
a periwig.

Per"uke, v. t. To dress with a peruke. [R.]

||Per"u*la (?), n.; pl. PerulÊ (#). [L., dim. of pera wallet, Gr. &?;:
||cf. F. pÈrule.] 1. (Bot.) One of the scales of a leaf bud.

2. (Bot.) A pouchlike portion of the perianth in certain orchides.

Per"ule (?), n. Same as Perula.

Pe*rus"al (?), n. [From Peruse.] 1. The act of carefully viewing or
examining. [R.] Tatler.

2. The act of reading, especially of reading through or with care.
Woodward.

Pe*ruse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perused (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perusing.] [Pref. per- + use.] 1. To observe; to examine with care.
[R.]

    Myself I then perused, and limb by limb Surveyed.


Milton.

2. To read through; to read carefully. Shak.

Pe*rus"er (?), n. One who peruses.

Pe*ru"vi*an (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈruvien, Sp. peruviano.] Of or pertaining
to Peru, in South America. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Peru.

Peruvian balsam. See Balsam of Peru, under Balsam. -- Peruvian bark,
the bitter bark of trees of various species of Cinchona. It acts as a
powerful tonic, and is a remedy for malarial diseases. This property is
due to several alkaloids, as quinine, cinchonine, etc., and their
compounds; -- called also Jesuit's bark, and cinchona. See Cinchona.

Per*vade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pervaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pervading.] [L. pervadere, pervasum; per + vadere to go, to walk. See
Per-, and Wade.] 1. To pass or flow through, as an aperture, pore, or
interstice; to permeate.

    That labyrinth is easily pervaded.


Blackstone.

2. To pass or spread through the whole extent of; to be diffused
throughout.

    A spirit of cabal, intrigue, and proselytism pervaded all their
    thoughts, words, and actions.


Burke.

Per*va"sion (?), n. [L. pervasio. See Pervade.] The act of pervading,
passing, or spreading through the whole extent of a thing. Boyle.

Per*va"sive (?), a. Tending to pervade, or having power to spread
throughout; of a pervading quality. "Civilization pervasive and
general." M. Arnold.

<! p. 1072 !>

Per*verse" (?), a. [L. perversus turned the wrong way, not right, p. p.
of pervertereto turn around, to overturn: cf. F. pervers. See Pervert.]
1. Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the right;
willfully erring; wicked; perverted.

    The only righteous in a word perverse.


Milton.

2. Obstinate in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward;
vexing; contrary.

    To so perverse a sex all grace is vain.


Dryden.

Syn. -- Froward; untoward; wayward; stubborn; ungovernable;
intractable; cross; petulant; vexatious. -- Perverse, Froward. One who
is froward is capricious, and reluctant to obey. One who is perverse
has a settled obstinacy of will, and likes or dislikes by the rule of
contradiction to the will of others.

Per*versed" (?), a. Turned aside. [Obs.]

Per*vers"ed*ly (?), adv. Perversely. [Obs.]

Per*verse"ly, adv. In a perverse manner.

Per*verse"ness, n. The quality or state of being perverse. "Virtue hath
some perverseness." Donne.

Per*ver"sion (?), n. [L. perversio: cf. F. perversion. See Pervert.]
The act of perverting, or the state of being perverted; a turning from
truth or right; a diverting from the true intent or object; a change to
something worse; a turning or applying to a wrong end or use.
"Violations and perversions of the laws." Bacon.

Per*ver"si*ty (?), n. [L. perversitas: cf. F. perversitÈ.] The quality
or state of being perverse; perverseness.

Per*ver"sive (?), a.Tending to pervert.

Per*vert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perverted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Perverting.] [F. pervertir, L. pervertere, perversum; per + vertere to
turn. See Per-, and Verse.] 1. To turnanother way; to divert. [Obs.]

    Let's follow him, and pervert the present wrath.


Shak.

2. To turn from truth, rectitude, or propriety; to divert from a right
use, end, or way; to lead astray; to corrupt; also, to misapply; to
misinterpret designedly; as, to pervert one's words. Dryden.

    He, in the serpent, had perverted Eve.


Milton.

Per*vert", v. i. To become perverted; to take the wrong course. [R.]
Testament of Love.

Per"vert (?), n. One who has been perverted; one who has turned to
error, especially in religion; -- opposed to convert. See the Synonym
of Convert.

    That notorious pervert, Henry of Navarre.


Thackeray.

Per*vert"er (?), n. One who perverts (a person or thing). "His own
parents his perverters." South. "A perverter of his law." Bp.
Stillingfleet.

Per*vert"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being perverted.

Per*ves"ti*gate (?), v. t. [L. pervestigatus, p. p. of pervestigare.]
To investigate thoroughly. [Obs.]

Per*ves`ti*ga"tion (?), n. [L. pervestigatio.] Thorough investigation.
[Obs.] Chillingworth.

Per"vi*al (?), a. [See Pervious.] Pervious. [Obs.] -- Per"vi*al*ly,
adv. [Obs.] Chapman.

Per`vi*ca"cious (?), a. [L. pervicax, -acis.] Obstinate; willful;
refractory. [Obs.] -- Per`vi*ca"cious*ly, adv. -- Per`vi*ca"cious*ness,
n. [Obs.]

Per`vi*cac"i*ty (?), n. Obstinacy; pervicaciousness. [Obs.] Bentley.

Per"vi*ca*cy (?), n. [L. pervicacia.] Pervicacity. [Obs.]

Per*vig`i*la"tion (?), n. [L. pervigilatio, fr. pervigilare.] Careful
watching. [Obs.]

Per"vi*ous (?), a. [L. pervis; per + via a way. See Per-, and Voyage.]
1. Admitting passage; capable of being penetrated by another body or
substance; permeable; as, a pervious soil.

    [Doors] . . . pervious to winds, and open every way.


Pope.

2. Capable of being penetrated, or seen through, by physical or mental
vision. [R.]

    God, whose secrets are pervious to no eye.


Jer. Taylor.

3. Capable of penetrating or pervading. [Obs.] Prior.

4. (Zoˆl.) Open; -- used synonymously with perforate, as applied to the
nostrils or birds.

Per"vi*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being pervious; as, the
perviousness of glass. Boyle.

Per"vis (?), n. See Parvis.

Per"y (?), n. A pear tree. See Pirie. [Obs.]

||Pes (?), n.; pl. Pedes . [L., the foot.] (Anat.) The distal segment
||of the hind limb of vertebrates, including the tarsus and foot.

Pe*sade" (?), n. [F.] (Man.) The motion of a horse when, raising his
fore quarters, he keeps his hind feet on the ground without advancing;
rearing.

Pes"age (?), n. [F., fr. peser to weigh.] A fee, or toll, paid for the
weighing of merchandise.

Pes"ane (?), n. (Anc. Armor.) See Pusane.

Pes"ant*ed (?), a. [F. pesant heavy.] Made heavy or dull; debased.
[Obs.] "Pesanted to each lewd thought's control." Marston.

Pe*schit"o (?), n. See Peshito.

Pese (?), n. [See Pea.] A pea. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Pe*se"ta (?), n. [Sp.] A Spanish silver coin, and money of account,
||equal to about nineteen cents, and divided into 100 centesimos.

{ Pe*shit"o (?), Pe*shit"to (?), } n. [Syriac peshÓt‚ simple.] The
earliest Syriac version of the Old Testament, translated from Hebrew;
also, the incomplete Syriac version of the New Testament. [Written also
peschito.]

Pes"ky (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Pestering; vexatious; troublesome.
Used also as an intensive. [Colloq. & Low, U.S.] Judd.

||Pe"so (?), n. [Sp.] A Spanish dollar; also, an Argentine, Chilian,
||Colombian, etc., coin, equal to from 75 cents to a dollar; also, a
||pound weight.

Pes"sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Pessaries (#). [L. pessarium, pessum, pessus,
Gr. &?;: cf. F. pessaire.] (Med.) (a) An instrument or device to be
introduced into and worn in the vagina, to support the uterus, or
remedy a malposition. (b) A medicinal substance in the form of a bolus
or mass, designed for introduction into the vagina; a vaginal
suppository.

Pes"si*mism (?), n. [L. pessimus worst, superl. of pejor worse: cf. F.
pessimisme. Cf. Impair.] 1. (Metaph.) The opinion or doctrine that
everything in nature is ordered for or tends to the worst, or that the
world is wholly evil; -- opposed to optimism.

2. A disposition to take the least hopeful view of things.

Pes"si*mist (?), n. [L. pessimus worst: cf. F. pessimiste.] 1.
(Metaph.) One who advocates the doctrine of pessimism; -- opposed to
optimist.

2. One who looks on the dark side of things.

{ Pes"si*mist (?), Pes`si*mis"tic (?), } a. (Metaph.) Of or pertaining
to pessimism; characterized by pessimism; gloomy; foreboding. "Giving
utterance to pessimistic doubt." Encyc. Brit.

Pes`si*mis"tic*al (?), a. Pessimistic.

Pes"si*mize (?), v. i. To hold or advocate the doctrine of pessimism.
London Sat. Rev.

||Pes"su*lus (?), n.; pl. Pessuli (#). [L., a bolt.] (Anat.) A delicate
||bar of cartilage connecting the dorsal and ventral extremities of the
||first pair of bronchial cartilages in the syrinx of birds.

Pest (?), n. [L. pestis: cf. F. peste.] 1. A fatal epidemic disease; a
pestilence; specif., the plague.

    England's sufferings by that scourge, the pest.


Cowper.

2. Anything which resembles a pest; one who, or that which, is
troublesome, noxious, mischievous, or destructive; a nuisance. "A pest
and public enemy." South.

Pes`ta*loz"zi*an (?), a. Belonging to, or characteristic of, a system
of elementary education which combined manual training with other
instruction, advocated and practiced by Jean Henri Pestalozzi
(1746-1827), a Swiss teacher. -- n. An advocate or follower of the
system of Pestalozzi.

Pes`ta*loz"zi*an*ism (?), n. The system of education introduced by
Pestalozzi.

Pes"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pestered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pestering.] [Abbrev. fr. impester, fr. OF. empaistrier, empestrer, to
entangle the feet or legs, to embarrass, F. empÍtrer; pref. em-, en- 
(L. in in) + LL. pastorium, pastoria, a fetter by which horses are
prevented from wandering in the pastures, fr. L. pastorius belonging to
a herdsman or shepherd, pastor a herdsman. See In, and Pasture,
Pastor.] 1. To trouble; to disturb; to annoy; to harass with petty
vexations.

    We are pestered with mice and rats.


Dr. H. More.

    A multitude of scribblers daily pester the world.


Dryden.

2. To crowd together in an annoying way; to overcrowd; to infest.
[Obs.] Milton.

    All rivers and pools . . . pestered full with fishes.


Holland.

Pes"ter*er (?), n. One who pesters or harasses.

Pes"ter*ment (?), n. The act of pestering, or the state of being
pestered; vexation; worry. "The trouble and pesterment of children." B.
Franklin.

Pes"ter*ous (?), a.Inclined to pester. Also, vexatious; encumbering;
burdensome. [Obs.] Bacon.

Pest"ful (?), a. Pestiferous. "After long and pestful calms."
Coleridge.

Pest`house" (?), n. A house or hospital for persons who are infected
with any pestilential disease.

Pes"ti*duct (?), n. [L. pestis pest + ductus a leading, fr. ducere to
lead.] That which conveys contagion or infection. [Obs.] Donne.

Pes*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pestiferus, pestifer; pestis pest + ferre to
bear: cf. F. pestifËre.] 1. Pest-bearing; pestilential; noxious to
health; malignant; infectious; contagious; as, pestiferous bodies.
"Poor, pestiferous creatures begging alms." Evelyn. "Unwholesome and
pestiferous occupations." Burke.

2. Noxious to peace, to morals, or to society; vicious; hurtful;
destructive; as, a pestiferous demagogue.

    Pestiferous reports of men very nobly held.


Shak.

Pes*tif"er*ous*ly, adv. In a pestiferuos manner.

Pes"ti*lence (?), n. [F. pestilence, L. pestilentia. See Pestilent.] 1.
Specifically, the disease known as the plague; hence, any contagious or
infectious epidemic disease that is virulent and devastating.

    The pestilence That walketh in darkness.


Ps. xci. 6.

2. Fig.: That which is pestilent, noxious, or pernicious to the moral
character of great numbers.

    I'll pour this pestilence into his ear.


Shak.

Pestilence weed (Bot.), the butterbur coltsfoot (Petasites vulgaris),
so called because formerly considered a remedy for the plague. Dr.
Prior.

Pes"ti*lent (?), a. [L. pestilens, -entis, fr. pestis pest: cf. F.
pestilent.] Pestilential; noxious; pernicious; mischievous. "Corrupt
and pestilent." Milton. "What a pestilent knave is this same!" Shak.

Pes`ti*len"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. pestilentiel.] 1. Having the nature or
qualities of a pestilence. "Sends the pestilential vapors." Longfellow.

2. Hence: Mischievous; noxious; pernicious; morally destructive.

    So pestilential, so infectious a thing is sin.


Jer. Taylor.

Pes`ti*len"tial*ly, adv. Pestilently.

Pes`ti*len"tious (?), a. Pestilential. [Obs.]

Pes"ti*lent*ly (?), adv. In a pestilent manner; mischievously;
destructively. "Above all measure pestilently noisome." Dr. H. More.

Pes"ti*lent*ness, n. The quality of being pestilent.

Pes`til*la"tion (?), n. [LL. pestillum, L. pistillum. See Pestle.] The
act of pounding and bruising with a pestle in a mortar. Sir T. Browne.

Pes"tle (ps"'l; 277), n. [OE. pestel, OF. pestel, LL. pestellum, L.
pistillum, pistillus, a pounder, pestle, fr. pisere, pinsere, to pound,
crush, akin to Gr. &?;, Skr. pish. Cf. Pistil.] 1. An implement for
pounding and breaking or braying substances in a mortar.

2. A constable's or bailiff's staff; -- so called from its shape.
[Obs.] Chapman.

3. The leg and leg bone of an animal, especially of a pig; as, a pestle
of pork.

Pes"tle (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pestled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pestling (?).] To pound, pulverize, bray, or mix with a pestle, or as
with a pestle; to use a pestle.

Pet (?), n. [Formerly peat, perhaps from Ir. peat, akin to Gael.
peata.] 1. A cade lamb; a lamb brought up by hand.

2. Any person or animal especially cherished and indulged; a fondling;
a darling; often, a favorite child.

    The love of cronies, pets, and favorites.


Tatler.

3. [Prob. fr. Pet a fondling, hence, the behavior or humor of a spoiled
child.] A slight fit of peevishness or fretfulness. "In a pet she
started up." Tennyson.

Pet, a. Petted; indulged; admired; cherished; as, a pet child; a pet
lamb; a pet theory.

    Some young lady's pet curate.


F. Harrison.

Pet cock. [Perh. for petty cock.] (Mach.) A little faucet in a water
pipe or pump, to let air out, or at the end of a steam cylinder, to
drain it.

Pet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petted; p. pr. & vb. n. Petting.] To treat as
a pet; to fondle; to indulge; as, she was petted and spoiled.

Pet, v. i. To be a pet. Feltham.

Pet"al (?), n. [Gr. &?; a leaf, a leaf or plate of metal, fr. &?;
outspread, broad, flat: cf. F. pÈtale. See Fathom.] 1. (Bot.) One of
the leaves of the corolla, or the colored leaves of a flower. See
Corolla, and Illust. of Flower.

2. (Zoˆl.) One of the expanded ambulacra which form a rosette on the
black of certain Echini.

Pet"aled (?), a. (Bot.) Having petals; as, a petaled flower; -- opposed
to apetalous, and much used in compounds; as, one-petaled,
three-petaled, etc.

Pet`al*if"er*ous (?), a. [Petal + -ferous.] Bearing petals.

Pe*tal"i*form (?), a. (Bot.) Having the form of a petal; petaloid;
petal-shaped.

Pet"al*ine (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈtalin.] (Bot.) Pertaining to a petal;
attached to, or resembling, a petal.

Pet"al*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a leaf: cf. F. pÈtalisme.] (Gr.
Antiq.) A form of sentence among the ancient Syracusans by which they
banished for five years a citizen suspected of having dangerous
influence or ambition. It was similar to the ostracism in Athens; but
olive leaves were used instead of shells for ballots.

Pet"al*ite (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈtalite.] (Min.) A rare mineral, occurring
crystallized and in cleavable masses, usually white, or nearly so, in
color. It is a silicate of aluminia and lithia.

Pe*tal"o*dy (?), n. [Petal + Gr. &?; form.] (Bot.) The metamorphosis of
various floral organs, usually stamens, into petals.

Pet"al*oid (?), a. [Petal + - oid: cf. F. pÈtaloÔde.] (Bot.) Petaline.

Pet`al*oid"e*ous (?), a. (Bot.) Having the whole or part of the
perianth petaline.

Petaloideous division, that division of endogenous plants in which the
perianth is wholly or partly petaline, embracing the LiliaceÊ,
OrchidaceÊ, AmaryllideÊ, etc.

||Pet`a*los"ti*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; a leaf + &?; a row.]
||(Zoˆl.) An order of Echini, including the irregular sea urchins, as
||the spatangoids. See Spatangoid.

Pet"al*ous (?), a. Having petals; petaled; -- opposed to apetalous.

||Pet"a*lum (?), n.; pl. Petala (#). [NL.] A petal.

Pe*tar" (?), n. See Petard. [Obs.] "Hoist with his own petar." Shak.

Pe*tard" (?), n. [F. pÈtard, fr. pÈter to break wind, to crack, to
explode, L. pedere, peditum.] (Mil.) A case containing powder to be
exploded, esp. a conical or cylindrical case of metal filled with
powder and attached to a plank, to be exploded against and break down
gates, barricades, drawbridges, etc. It has been superseded.

{ Pet`ar*deer", Pet`ar*dier" } (?), n. [F. pÈtardier.] (Mil.) One who
managed a petard.

||Pet"a*sus (?), n. [L., from Gr. &?;.] (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.) The winged
||cap of Mercury; also, a broad-brimmed, low-crowned hat worn by Greeks
||and Romans.

Pe*tau"rist (?), n. [L. petaurista a ropedancer, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to
dance on a rope, fr. &?; a pole, a stage for ropedancers: cf. F.
pÈtauriste.] (Zoˆl.) Any flying marsupial of the genera Petaurus,
Phalangista, Acrobata, and allied genera. See Flying mouse, under
Flying, and Phalangister.

||Pe*tech"i*Ê (?), n. pl.; sing. Petechia (&?;). [NL., fr. LL.
||peteccia; cf. F. pÈtÈchie, It. petecchia, Sp. petequia, Gr. &?; a
||label, plaster.] (Med.) Small crimson, purple, or livid spots, like
||flea-bites, due to extravasation of blood, which appear on the skin
||in malignant fevers, etc.

Pe*tech"i*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈtÈchial, LL. petecchialis.] (Med.)
Characterized by, or pertaining to, petechiÊ; spotted.

Petechial fever, a malignant fever, accompanied with livid spots on the
skin.

Pe"ter (?), n. A common baptismal name for a man. The name of one of
the apostles,

Peter boat, a fishing boat, sharp at both ends, originally of the
Baltic Sea, but now common in certain English rivers. -- Peter Funk,
the auctioneer in a mock auction. [Cant, U.S.] -- Peter pence, or
Peter's pence. (a) An annual tax or tribute, formerly paid by the
English people to the pope, being a penny for every house, payable on
Lammas or St.Peter's day; -- called also Rome scot, and hearth money.
(b) In modern times, a voluntary contribution made by Roman Catholics
to the private purse of the pope. -- Peter's fish (Zoˆl.), a haddock;
-- so called because the black spots, one on each side, behind the
gills, are traditionally said to have been caused by the fingers of St.
Peter, when he caught the fish to pay the tribute. The name is applied,
also, to other fishes having similar spots.

<! p. 1073 !>

Pet"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Petered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Petering.]
[Etymol. uncertain.] To become exhausted; to run out; to fail; -- used
generally with out; as, that mine has petered out. [Slang, U.S.]

Pet"er*el (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Petrel.

Pet`e*re"ro (?), n. (Mil.) See Pederero.

Pe"ter*man (?), n.; pl. Petermen (&?;). A fisherman; -- so called after
the apostle Peter. [An obs. local term in Eng.] Chapman.

Pe"ter*sham (?), n. [Named after Lord Petersham.] A rough, knotted
woolen cloth, used chiefly for men's overcoats; also, a coat of that
material.

Pe"ter*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) See Saint Peter's-wort, under Saint.

{ Pet"i*o*lar (?), Pet"i*o*la*ry (?), } a. [Cf. F. pÈtiolarie.] (Bot.)
Of or pertaining to petiole, or proceeding from it; as, a petiolar
tendril; growing or supported upon a petiole; as, a petiolar gland; a
petiolar bud.

{ Pet"i*o*late (?), Pet"i*o*la`ted (?), } a. (Bot. & Zoˆl.) Having a
stalk or petiole; as, a petioleate leaf; the petiolated abdomen of
certain Hymenoptera.

Pet"i*ole (?), n. [F. pÈtiole, fr. L. petiolus a little foot, a fruit
stalk; cf. pes, pedis, a foot.] 1. (Bot.) A leafstalk; the footstalk of
a leaf, connecting the blade with the stem. See Illust. of Leaf.

2. (Zoˆl.) A stalk or peduncle.

Pet"i*oled (?), a. Petiolate.

Pet`i*ol"u*late (?), a. (Bot.) Supported by its own petiolule. Gray.

Pet"i*o*lule (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈtiolule.] (Bot.) A small petiole, or the
petiole of a leaflet.

Pet"it (?), a. [F. See Petty.] Small; little; insignificant; mean; --
Same as Petty. [Obs., except in legal language.]

    By what small, petit hints does the mind catch hold of and recover
    a vanishing notion.


South.

Petit constable, an inferior civil officer, subordinate to the high
constable. -- Petit jury, a jury of twelve men, impaneled to try causes
at the bar of a court; -- so called in distinction from the grand jury.
-- Petit larceny, the stealing of goods of, or under, a certain
specified small value; -- opposed to grand larceny. The distinction is
abolished in England. -- Petit maÓtre (&?;). [F., lit., little master.]
A fop; a coxcomb; a ladies' man. Goldsmith. -- Petit serjeanty (Eng.
Law), the tenure of lands of the crown, by the service of rendering
annually some implement of war, as a bow, an arrow, a sword, a flag,
etc. -- Petit treason, formerly, in England, the crime of killing a
person to whom the offender owed duty or subjection, as one's husband,
master, mistress, etc. The crime is now not distinguished from murder.

Pe*ti"tion (?), n. [F. pÈtition, L. petitio, fr. petere, petitum, to
beg, ask, seek; perh. akin to E. feather, or find.] 1. A prayer; a
supplication; an imploration; an entreaty; especially, a request of a
solemn or formal kind; a prayer to the Supreme Being, or to a person of
superior power, rank, or authority; also, a single clause in such a
prayer.

    A house of prayer and petition for thy people.


1 Macc. vii. 37.

    This last petition heard of all her prayer.


Dryden.

2. A formal written request addressed to an official person, or to an
organized body, having power to grant it; specifically (Law), a
supplication to government, in either of its branches, for the granting
of a particular grace or right; -- in distinction from a memorial,
which calls certain facts to mind; also, the written document.

Petition of right (Law), a petition to obtain possession or restitution
of property, either real or personal, from the Crown, which suggests
such a title as controverts the title of the Crown, grounded on facts
disclosed in the petition itself. Mozley & W. -- The Petition of Right
(Eng. Hist.), the parliamentary declaration of the rights of the
people, assented to by Charles I.

Pe*ti"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petitioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Petitioning.] To make a prayer or request to; to ask from; to solicit;
to entreat; especially, to make a formal written supplication, or
application to, as to any branch of the government; as, to petition the
court; to petition the governor.

    You have . . . petitioned all the gods for my prosperity.


Shak.

Pe*ti"tion, v. i. To make a petition or solicitation.

Pe*ti"tion*a*ri*ly (?), adv. By way of begging the question; by an
assumption. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Pe*ti"tion*a*ry (?), a. 1. Supplicatory; making a petition.

    Pardon Rome, and any petitionary countrymen.


Shak.

2. Containing a petition; of the nature of a petition; as, a
petitionary epistle. Swift.

Pe*ti`tion*ee" (?), n. A person cited to answer, or defend against, a
petition.

Pe*ti"tion*er (?), n. One who presents a petition.

Pe*ti"tion*ing, n. The act of presenting apetition; a supplication.

Pet"i*tor (?), n. [L., fr. petere to seek.] One who seeks or asks; a
seeker; an applicant. [R.] Fuller.

Pet"i*to*ry (?), a. [L. petitorius, fr. petere, petitum, to beg, ask:
cf. F. pÈtitore.] Petitioning; soliciting; supplicating. Sir W.
Hamilton.

Petitory suit or action (Admiralty Law), a suit in which the mere title
to property is litigated and sought to be enforced, as distinguished
from a possessory suit; also (Scots Law), a suit wherein the plaintiff
claims something as due him by the defendant. Burrill.

Pe*tong" (?), n. (Metal.) See Packfong.

Pe*tral"o*gy (?), n. See Petrology.

Pet"ra*ry (?), n. [L. petra stone. Cf. Sp. petraria, and E. Pederero.]
An ancient war engine for hurling stones.

Pe"tre (p"tr), n. See Saltpeter.

Pe*tre"an (p*tr"an), a. [L. petraeus, Gr. petrai^os, fr. pe`tra a
rock.] Of or pertaining to rock. G. S. Faber.

Pe"trel (?), n. [F. pÈtrel; a dim. of the name Peter, L. Petrus, Gr.
&?; a stone (John i. 42); -- probably so called in allusion to St.
Peter's walking on the sea. See Petrify.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous
species of longwinged sea birds belonging to the family ProcellaridÊ.
The small petrels, or Mother Carey's chickens, belong to Oceanites,
Oceanodroma, Procellaria, and several allied genera.

Diving petrel, any bird of the genus Pelecanoides. They chiefly inhabit
the southern hemisphere. -- Fulmar petrel, Giant petrel. See Fulmar. --
Pintado petrel, the Cape pigeon. See under Cape. -- Pintado petrel, any
one of several small petrels, especially Procellaria pelagica, or
Mother Carey's chicken, common on both sides of the Atlantic.

Pe*tres"cence (?), n. The process of changing into stone;
petrification.

Pe*tres"cent (?), a. [L. petra rock, stone, Gr. &?;.] Petrifying;
converting into stone; as, petrescent water. Boyle.

Pet`ri*fac"tion (?), n. [See Petrify.] 1. The process of petrifying, or
changing into stone; conversion of any organic matter (animal or
vegetable) into stone, or a substance of stony hardness.

2. The state or condition of being petrified.

3. That which is petrified; popularly, a body incrusted with stony
matter; an incrustation.

4. Fig.: Hardness; callousness; obduracy. "Petrifaction of the soul."
Cudworth.

Pet`ri*fac"tive (?), a. 1. Having the quality of converting organic
matter into stone; petrifying.

2. Pertaining to, or characterized by, petrifaction.

    The . . . petrifactive mutations of hard bodies.


Sir T. Browne.

Pe*trif"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈtrifique.] Petrifying; petrifactive.

    Death with his mace petrific, cold and dry.


Milton.

Pet"ri*fi*cate (?), v. t. To petrify. [Obs.]

    Our hearts petrificated were.


J. Hall (1646).

Pet`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈtrification. See Petrify.] 1. See
Petrifaction.

2. Fig.: Obduracy; callousness. Hallywell.

Pet"ri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petrified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Petrifying (?).] [L. petra rock, Gr. &?; (akin to &?; a stone) + -fy:
cf. F. pÈtrifier. Cf. Parrot, Petrel, Pier.] 1. To convert, as any
animal or vegetable matter, into stone or stony substance.

    A river that petrifies any sort of wood or leaves.


Kirwan.

2. To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform;
as by petrifaction; as, to petrify the heart. Young. "Petrifying
accuracy." Sir W. Scott.

    And petrify a genius to a dunce.


Pope.

    The poor, petrified journeyman, quite unconscious of what he was
    doing.


De Quincey.

    A hideous fatalism, which ought, logically, to petrify your
    volition.


G. Eliot.

Pet"ri*fy, v. i. 1. To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic
matter by calcareous deposits.

2. Fig.: To become stony, callous, or obdurate.

    Like Niobe we marble grow, And petrify with grief.


Dryden.

Pe"trine (?), a. Of or pertaining to St.Peter; as, the Petrine
Epistles.

Pet"ro- (?). A combining form from Gr. &?; a rock, &?; a stone; as,
petrology, petroglyphic.

Pe*trog"a*le (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a rock + &?; a weasel.] (Zoˆl.)
Any Australian kangaroo of the genus Petrogale, as the rock wallaby (P.
penicillata).

Pet`ro*glyph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to petroglyphy.

Pe*trog"ly*phy (?), n. [Petro + Gr. &?; to carve.] The art or operation
of carving figures or inscriptions on rock or stone.

{ Pet`ro*graph"ic (?), Pet`ro*graph"ic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to
petrography.

Pe*trog"ra*phy (?), n. [Petro + -graphy.] 1. The art of writing on
stone.

2. The scientific description of rocks; that department of science
which investigates the constitution of rocks; petrology.

Pet`ro*hy"oid (?), a. [Petro + hyoid.] (Anat.) Pertaining to petrous,
oe periotic, portion of the skull and the hyoid arch; as, the
petrohyoid muscles of the frog.

Pe*trol" (?), n. Petroleum. [R.]

Pet`ro*la"tum (?), n. (Chem. & Pharm.) A semisolid unctuous substance,
neutral, and without taste or odor, derived from petroleum by
distilling off the lighter portions and purifying the residue. It is a
yellowish, fatlike mass, transparent in thin layers, and somewhat
fluorescent. It is used as a bland protective dressing, and as a
substitute for fatty materials in ointments. U. S. Pharm.

Petrolatum is the official name for the purified product. Cosmoline and
vaseline are commercial names for substances essentially the same, but
differing slightly in appearance and consistency or fusibility.

Pe*tro"le*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. petra a rock + oleum oil: cf. F.
pÈtrole. Cf. Petrify, and Oil.] Rock oil, mineral oil, or natural oil,
a dark brown or greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain points,
exists in the upper strata of the earth, from whence it is pumped, or
forced by pressure of the gas attending it. It consists of a complex
mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the methane series, but may
vary much in appearance, composition, and properties. It is refined by
distillation, and the products include kerosene, benzine, gasoline,
paraffin, etc.

Petroleum spirit, a volatile liquid obtained in the distillation of
crude petroleum at a temperature of 170∞ Fahr., or below. The term is
rather loosely applied to a considerable range of products, including
benzine and ligroin. The terms petroleum ether, and naphtha, are
sometimes applied to the still more volatile products, including
rhigolene, gasoline, cymogene, etc.

{ ||PÈ`tro`leur" (?), n. m. ||PÈ`tro`leuse" (?), n. f. }[F.] One who
makes use of petroleum for incendiary purposes.

Pet"ro*line (?), n. (Chem.) A paraffin obtained from petroleum from
Rangoon in India, and practically identical with ordinary paraffin.

{ Pet`ro*log"ic (?), Pet`ro*log"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to
petrology.

Pet`ro*log"ic*al*ly, adv. According to petrology.

Pe*trol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in petrology.

Pe*trol"o*gy (?), n. [Petro + -logy.] 1. The department of science
which is concerned with the mineralogical and chemical composition of
rocks, and with their classification: lithology.

2. A treatise on petrology.

Pet`ro*mas"toid (?), a. [Petro + mastoid.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to
the petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone, periotic.

Pet`ro*my"zont (?), n. [Petro + Gr. &?; to suck in.] (Zoˆl.) A lamprey.

Pet`ro*nel (?), n. [OF. petrinal, fr. peitrine, petrine, the breast, F.
poitrine; so called because it was placed against the breast in order
to fire. See Poitrel.] A sort of hand cannon, or portable firearm, used
in France in the 15th century.

Pe*tro"sal (?), a. [See Petrous.] (Anat.) (a) Hard; stony; petrous; as,
the petrosal bone; petrosal part of the temporal bone. (b) Of,
pertaining to, or in the region of, the petrous, or petrosal, bone, or
the corresponding part of the temporal bone.

Petrosal bone (Anat.), a bone corresponding to the petrous portion of
the temporal bone of man; or one forming more or less of the periotic
capsule.

Pe*tro"sal, n. (Anat.) (a) A petrosal bone. (b) The auditory capsule.
Owen.

Pet`ro*si"lex (?), n. [Petro + silex.] (Min.) Felsite.

Pet`ro*si*li"cious (?), a. Containing, or consisting of, petrosilex.

Pet`ro*ste"a*rine (?), n. [Petro + stearine.] A solid unctuous
material, of which candles are made.

Pe"trous (?), a. [L. petrosus, fr. petra a stone.] 1. Like stone; hard;
stony; rocky; as, the petrous part of the temporal bone. Hooper.

2. (Anat.) Same as Petrosal.

Pet"ti*chaps (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Pettychaps.

Pet"ti*coat (?), n. (Zoˆl.) [Petty + coat.] A loose under-garment worn
by women, and covering the body below the waist.

Petticoat government, government by women, whether in politics or
domestic affairs. [Colloq.] -- Petticoat pipe (Locomotives), a short,
flaring pipe surrounding the blast nozzle in the smoke box, to equalize
the draft.

Pet"ti*fog (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pettifogged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pettifogging (?).] [Petty + fog to pettifog.] To do a petty business as
a lawyer; also, to do law business in a petty or tricky way. "He takes
no money, but pettifogs gratis." S. Butler.

Pet"ti*fog, v. t. To advocate like a pettifogger; to argue trickily;
as, to pettifog a claim. [Colloq.]

Pet"ti*fog`ger (?), n. A lawyer who deals in petty cases; an attorney
whose methods are mean and tricky; an inferior lawyer.

    A pettifogger was lord chancellor.


Macaulay.

Pet"ti*fog`ger*y (?), n.; pl. - ies (&?;). The practice or arts of a
pettifogger; disreputable tricks; quibbles.

    Quirks of law, and pettifoggeries.


Barrow.

Pet"ti*fog`ging (?), a. Paltry; quibbling; mean.

Pet"ti*fog`ging, n. Pettifoggery.

Pet`ti*fog"u*lize (?), v. i. To act as a pettifogger; to use
contemptible tricks. De Quincey.

Pet"ti*ly, adv. In a petty manner; frivolously.

Pet"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being petty or paltry;
littleness; meanness.

Pet"tish (?), a. [From Pet.] Fretful; peevish; moody; capricious;
inclined to ill temper. "A pettish kind of humor." Sterne. --
Pet"tish*ly, adv. -- Pet"tish*ness, n.

Pet"ti*toes (?), n. pl. [Petty + toes.] The toes or feet of a pig, --
often used as food; sometimes, in contempt, the human feet. Shak.

||Pet"to (?), n. [It., fr. L. pectus.] The breast.

In petto, in the breast; hence, in secrecy; in reserve.

Pet"ty (?), a. [Compar. Pettier (?); superl. Pettiest.] [OE. petit, F.
petit; probably of Celtic origin, and akin to E. piece. Cf. Petit.]
Little; trifling; inconsiderable; also, inferior; subordinate; as, a
petty fault; a petty prince. Denham.

    Like a petty god I walked about, admired of all.


Milton.

Petty averages. See under Average. -- Petty cash, money expended or
received in small items or amounts. -- Petty officer, a subofficer in
the navy, as a gunner, etc., corresponding to a noncommissionned
officer in the army.

For petty constable, petty jury, petty larceny, petty treason, See
Petit.

Syn. -- Little; diminutive; inconsiderable; inferior; trifling;
trivial; unimportant; frivolous.

<! p. 1074 !>

Pet"ty*chaps (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any one of several species of small
European singing birds of the subfamily SylviinÊ, as the willow
warbler, the chiff- chaff, and the golden warbler (Sylvia hortensis).

Pet"ty*whin (?), n. [Petty + whin.] (Bot.) The needle furze. See under
Needle.

{ Pet"u*lance (?), Pet"u*lan*cy (?), } n. [L. petulania: cf. F.
pÈtulance. See Petulant.] The quality or state of being petulant;
temporary peevishness; pettishness; capricious ill humor. "The
petulancy of our words." B. Jonson.

    Like pride in some, and like petulance in others.


Clarendon.

    The lowering eye, the petulance, the frown.


Cowper.

Syn. -- Petulance, Peevishness. -- Peevishness implies the permanence
of a sour, fretful temper; petulance implies temporary or capricious
irritation.

Pet"u*lant (?), a. [L. petulans, -antis, prop., making slight attacks
upon, from a lost dim. of petere to fall upon, to attack: cf. F.
pÈtulant. See Petition.] 1. Forward; pert; insolent; wanton. [Obs.]
Burton.

2. Capriciously fretful; characterized by ill- natured freakishness;
irritable. "Petulant moods." Macaulay.

Syn. -- Irritable; ill-humored; peevish; cross; fretful; querulous.

Pet"u*lant*ly, adv. In a petulant manner.

Pe*tul"ci*ty (?), n. [See Petulcous.] Wantonness; friskiness. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.

Pe*tul"cous (?), a. [L. petulcus. Cf. Petulant.] Wanton; frisky;
lustful. [Obs.] J. V. Cane.

Pe*tu"ni*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Braz. petun tobacco.] (Bot.) A genus of
solanaceous herbs with funnelform or salver-shaped corollas. Two
species are common in cultivation, Petunia violacera, with reddish
purple flowers, and P. nyctaginiflora, with white flowers. There are
also many hybrid forms with variegated corollas.

{ Pe*tunse", Pe*tuntse", Pe*tuntze" } (?), n. [From Chinese.] Powdered
fledspar, kaolin, or quartz, used in the manufacture of porcelain.

Pet"worth mar"ble (?). A kind of shell marble occurring in the Wealden
clay at Petworth, in Sussex, England; -- called also Sussex marble.

Petz"ite (?), n. [From Petz, who analyzed it.] (Min.) A telluride of
silver and gold, related to hessite.

Peu*ced"a*nin (?), n. (Chem.) A tasteless white crystalline substance,
extracted from the roots of the sulphurwort (Peucedanum), masterwort
(Imperatoria), and other related plants; -- called also imperatorin.

Peu"cil (?), n. [Gr. &?; pine tree.] (Chem.) A liquid resembling
camphene, obtained by treating turpentine hydrochloride with lime.
[Written also peucyl.]

Pew (?), n. [OE. pewe, OF. puie parapet, balustrade, balcony, fr. L.
podium an elevated place, a jutty, balcony, a parapet or balcony in the
circus, where the emperor and other distinguished persons sat, Gr. &?;,
dim. of &?;, &?;, foot; -- hence the Latin sense of a raised place
(orig. as a rest or support for the foot). See Foot, and cf. Podium,
Poy.] 1. One of the compartments in a church which are separated by low
partitions, and have long seats upon which several persons may sit; --
sometimes called slip. Pews were originally made square, but are now
usually long and narrow.

2. Any structure shaped like a church pew, as a stall, formerly used by
money lenders, etc.; a box in theater; a pen; a sheepfold. [Obs.]
Pepys. Milton.

Pew opener, an usher in a church. [Eng.] Dickens.

Pew, v. t. To furnish with pews. [R.] Ash.

Pe"wee (?), n. [So called from its note.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A common American
tyrant flycatcher (Sayornis phúbe, or S. fuscus). Called also pewit,
and phúbe.

2. The woodcock. [Local, U.S.]

Wood pewee (Zoˆl.), a bird (Contopus virens) similar to the pewee (See
Pewee, 1), but of smaller size.

Pe"wet (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Pewit.

Pew"fel`low (?), n. 1. One who occupies the same pew with another.

2. An intimate associate; a companion. Shak.

Pe"wit (?), n. [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. OD. piewit, D. kievit,
G. kibitz.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The lapwing. (b) The European black-headed, or
laughing, gull (Xema ridibundus). See under Laughing. (c) The pewee.
[Written also peevit, peewit, pewet.]

Pew"ter (?), n. [OE. pewtyr, OF. peutre, peautre, piautre: cf. D.
peauter, piauter, It. peltro, Sp. & Pg. peltre, LL. peutreum, pestrum.
Cf. Spelter.] 1. A hard, tough, but easily fusible, alloy, originally
consisting of tin with a little lead, but afterwards modified by the
addition of copper, antimony, or bismuth.

2. Utensils or vessels made of pewter, as dishes, porringers, drinking
vessels, tankards, pots.

Pewter was formerly much used for domestic utensils. Inferior sorts
contain a large proportion of lead.

Pew"ter*er (?), n. One whose occupation is to make utensils of pewter;
a pewtersmith. Shak.

Pew"ter*y (?), a. Belonging to, or resembling, pewter; as, a pewtery
taste.

Pex"i*ty (?), n. [L. pexitas, fr. pexus woolly, nappy, p. p. of pectere
to comb.] Nap of cloth. [Obs.]

Pey"er's glands` (?). [So called from J. K. Peyer, who described them
in 1677.] (Anat.) Patches of lymphoid nodules, in the walls of the
small intestiness; agminated glands; -- called also Peyer's patches. In
typhoid fever they become the seat of ulcers which are regarded as the
characteristic organic lesion of that disease.

Pey"trel (?), n. [OF. peitral. See Poitrel.] (Anc. Armor) The
breastplate of a horse's armor or harness. [Spelt also peitrel.] See
Poitrel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Pe*zi"za (?), n. [NL., corrupt. from L. pezica a sessile mushroom,
||fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, a foot.] (Bot.) A genus of fungi embracing
||a great number of species, some of which are remarkable for their
||regular cuplike form and deep colors.

Pez"i*zoid (?), a. [Peziza + - oid.] (Bot.) Resembling a fungus of the
genus Peziza; having a cuplike form.

||Pfen"nig (?), n.; pl. Pfennigs (#), G. Pfennige (#). [G. See Penny.]
||A small copper coin of Germany. It is the hundredth part of a mark,
||or about a quarter of a cent in United States currency.

||Pha*cel"lus (?), n.; pl. Phacelli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bundle of
||fagots.] (Zoˆl.) One of the filaments on the inner surface of the
||gastric cavity of certain jellyfishes.

Phac"o*chere (?), n. [Gr. &?; a lentil seed, a wart + &?; a pig.]
(Zoˆl.) The wart hog.

Pha"coid (?), a. [Gr. &?; a lentil + -oid.] Resembling a lentil;
lenticular.

Phac"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; lentil + -lite.] (Min.) A colorless
variety of chabazite; the original was from Leipa, in Bohemia.

||Pha"cops (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a lentil + &?;, &?;, the eye.]
||(Paleon.) A genus of trilobites found in the Silurian and Devonian
||formations. Phacops bufo is one of the most common species.

PhÊ*a"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to the PhÊacians, a fabulous
seafaring people fond of the feast, the lyre, and the dance, mentioned
by Homer.

PhÊ"no*gam (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the class PhÊnogamia.

||PhÊ`no*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. &?; to show + &?; marriage.]
||(Bot.) The class of flowering plants including all which have true
||flowers with distinct floral organs; phanerogamia.

{ PhÊ`no*ga"mi*an (?), PhÊ`no*gam"ic (?), } a. Same as PhÊnogamous.

PhÊ*nog"a*mous (?), a. (Bot.) Having true flowers with with distinct
floral organs; flowering.

PhÊ*nom"e*non (?), n. [L.] See Phenomenon.

PhÊ"o*spore (?), n. [Gr. &?; dusky + E. spore.] (Bot.) A brownish
zoˆspore, characteristic of an order (PhÊosporeÊ) of dark green or
olive-colored algÊ. -- PhÊ`o*spor"ic (#), a.

Pha"Î*thon (?), n. [L., PhaÎthon (in sense 1), fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;,
&?;, to shine. See Phantom.] 1. (Class. Myth.) The son of Helios
(Phúbus), that is, the son of light, or of the sun. He is fabled to
have obtained permission to drive the chariot of the sun, in doing
which his want of skill would have set the world on fire, had he not
been struck with a thunderbolt by Jupiter, and hurled headlong into the
river Po.

2. (Zoˆl.) A genus of oceanic birds including the tropic birds.

Pha"Î*ton (?), n. [F. phaÈton a kind of carriage, fr. PhaÈthon
PhaÎthon, the son of Helios. See PhaÎthon.] 1. A four-wheeled carriage
(with or without a top), open, or having no side pieces, in front of
the seat. It is drawn by one or two horses.

2. See PhaÎthon.

3. (Zoˆl.) A handsome American butterfly (Euphydryas, or MelitÊa,
PhaÎton). The upper side of the wings is black, with orange-red spots
and marginal crescents, and several rows of cream-colored spots; --
called also Baltimore.

Phag`e*de"na (?), n. [L. phagedaena, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to eat.] (Med.)
(a) A canine appetite; bulimia. [Obs.] (b) Spreading, obstinate
ulceration.

{ Phag`e*den"ic (?), Phag`e*den"ic*AL (?), } a. [L. phagedaenicus, Gr.
&?;: cf. F. phagÈdÈnique.] (Med.) Of, like, or pertaining to,
phagedena; used in the treatment of phagedena; as, a phagedenic ulcer
or medicine. -- n. A phagedenic medicine.

Phag`e*de"nous (?), a. (Med.) Phagedenic.

Phag"o*cyte (?), n. [Gr. &?; to eat + &?; a hollow vessel.] (Physiol.)
A leucocyte which plays a part in retrogressive processes by taking up
(eating), in the form of fine granules, the parts to be removed.

||Pha*i`no*pep"la (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; shining + &?; robe.]
||(Zoˆl.) A small crested passerine bird (PhaÔnopepla nitens), native
||of Mexico and the Southern United States. The adult male is of a
||uniform glossy blue-black; the female is brownish. Called also black
||flycatcher.

Phak"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; a lentil, or lenticular body + -scope.]
(Physiol.) An instrument for studying the mechanism of accommodation.

||Pha*lÊ"na (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a kind od moth.] (Zoˆl.) A
||linnÊan genus which included the moths in general.

Pha*lÊ"nid (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a kind od moth.] (Zoˆl.) Any moth of
the family PhalÊnidÊ, of which the cankerworms are examples; a
geometrid.

{ Pha*lan"ge*al (?), Pha*lan"gal (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the
phalanges. See Phalanx, 2.

Pha*lan"ger (?), n. [Cf. F. phalanger. See Phalanx.] (Zoˆl.) Any
marsupial belonging to Phalangista, Cuscus, Petaurus, and other genera
of the family PhalangistidÊ. They are arboreal, and the species of
Petaurus are furnished with lateral parachutes. See Flying phalanger,
under Flying.

||Pha*lan"ges (?), n., pl. of Phalanx.

{ Pha*lan"gi*al (?), Pha*lan"gi*an (?), } a. (Anat.) Phalangeal.

Pha*lan"gid (?), n.; pl. Phalangides (&?;). (Zoˆl.) One of the
Phalangoidea.

Pha*lan"gi*ous (?), a. [L. phalangium a kind of venomous spider, Gr.
&?;, fr. &?; a spider. Cf. Phalanx.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to
Phalangoidea.

Pha*lan"gist (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any arboreal marsupial of the genus
Phalangista. The vulpine phalangist (P. vulpina) is the largest
species, the full grown male being about two and a half feet long. It
has a large bushy tail.

{ Phal`an*gis"ter (?), Phal`an*gis"tine (?), } n. (Zoˆl.) Same as
Phalangist.

Phal"an*gite (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. phalangite.] A soldier belonging
to a phalanx. [Obs.]

||Phal`an*goi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Phalangium the daddy longlegs
||(see Phalangious) + Gr. &?; form.] (Zoˆl.) A division of Arachnoidea,
||including the daddy longlegs or harvestman (Phalangium) and many
||similar kinds. They have long, slender, many-jointed legs; usually a
||rounded, segmented abdomen; and chelate jaws. They breathe by
||tracheÊ. Called also Phalangides, Phalangidea, Phalangiida, and
||Opilionea.

||Pha`lan`stÈre" (?), n. [F.] A phalanstery.

Phal`an*ste"ri*an (?), a. [F. phalanstÈrien, a. & n.] Of or pertaining
to phalansterianism.

Phal`an*ste"ri*an, n. One who favors the system of phalansteries
proposed by Fourier.

{ Pha*lan"ster*ism (?), Phal`an*ste"ri*an*ism (?), } n. A system of
phalansteries proposed by Fourier; Fourierism.

Phal"an*ster*y (?), n.; pl. -ies (#). [F. phalanstËre, fr. Gr. &?; a
phalanx + &?; firm, solid.] 1. An association or community organized on
the plan of Fourier. See Fourierism.

2. The dwelling house of a Fourierite community.

Pha"lanx (?), n.; pl. Phalanxes (#), L. Phalanges (#). [L., from Gr.
&?;.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) A body of heavy-armed infantry formed in ranks
and files close and deep. There were several different arrangements,
the phalanx varying in depth from four to twenty-five or more ranks of
men. "In cubic phalanx firm advanced." Milton.

    The Grecian phalanx, moveless as a tower.


Pope.

2. Any body of troops or men formed in close array, or any combination
of people distinguished for firmness and solidity of a union.

    At present they formed a united phalanx.


Macaulay.

    The sheep recumbent, and the sheep that grazed, All huddling into
    phalanx, stood and gazed.


Cowper.

3. A Fourierite community; a phalanstery.

4. (Anat.) One of the digital bones of the hand or foot, beyond the
metacarpus or metatarsus; an internode.

5. [pl. Phalanges.] (Bot.) A group or bundle of stamens, as in
polyadelphous flowers.

Phal"a*rope (?), n. [Gr. &?; having a patch of white + &?;, &?;, a
foot: cf. F. phalarope.] (Zoˆl.) Any species of Phalaropus and allied
genera of small wading birds (GrallÊ), having lobate toes. They are
often seen far from land, swimming in large flocks. Called also sea
goose.

Phal"lic (?), a. [Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to the phallus, or to
phallism.

Phal"li*cism (?), n. See Phallism.

Phal"lism (?), n. The worship of the generative principle in nature,
symbolized by the phallus.

Phal"lus (?), n.; pl. Phalli (&?;). [L., a phallus (in sense 1), Gr.
&?;.] 1. The emblem of the generative power in nature, carried in
procession in the Bacchic orgies, or worshiped in various ways.

2. (Anat.) The penis or clitoris, or the embryonic or primitive organ
from which either may be derived.

3. (Bot.) A genus of fungi which have a fetid and disgusting odor; the
stinkhorn.

<! p. 1075 !>

Phane (?), n. See Fane. [Obs.] Joye.

Phan"er*ite (?), a. [Gr. &?; visible, from &?; to bring to light.]
Evident; visible.

Phanerite series (Geol.), the uppermost part of the earth's crust,
consisting of deposits produced by causes in obvious operation.

||Phan`er*o*car"pÊ (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; evident + &?; fruit
||(but taken to mean, ovary).] (Zoˆl.) Same as Acraspeda.

Phan`er*o*co*don"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; evident + &?; a bell.] (Zoˆl.)
Having an umbrella- shaped or bell-shaped body, with a wide, open
cavity beneath; -- said of certain jellyfishes.

Phan`er*o*crys"tal*line (?), a. [Gr. &?; visible + E. crystalline.]
(Geol.) Distinctly crystalline; -- used of rocks. Opposed to
cryptocrystalline.

||Phan`er*o*dac"ty*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; evident + &?;
||finger.] (Zoˆl.) Same as SaururÊ.

||Phan`er*o*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; visible (fr. &?; to
||bring to light) + &?; marriage.] (Bot.) That one of the two primary
||divisions of the vegetable kingdom which contains the phanerogamic,
||or flowering, plants.

Phan`er*o*ga"mi*an (?), a. (Bot.) Phanerogamous.

{ Phan`er*o*gam"ic (?), Phan`er*og"a*mous (?), } a. Having visible
flowers containing distinct stamens and pistils; -- said of plants.

Phan`er*o*glos"sal (?), a. [Gr. &?; evident + &?; tongue.]
(Zoˆl.)Having a conspicious tongue; -- said of certain reptiles and
insects.

Phan"ta*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; image + -scope.] An optical instrument
or toy, resembling the phenakistoscope, and illustrating the same
principle; -- called also phantasmascope.

Phan"tasm (?), n. [L. phantasma. See Phantom, and cf. Fantasm.] [Spelt
also fantasm.] 1. An image formed by the mind, and supposed to be real
or material; a shadowy or airy appearance; sometimes, an optical
illusion; a phantom; a dream.

    They be but phantasms or apparitions.


Sir W. Raleigh.

2. A mental image or representation of a real object; a fancy; a
notion. Cudworth.

    Figures or little features, of which the description had produced
    in you no phantasm or expectation.


Jer. Taylor.

||Phan"tas"ma (?), n. [L.] A phantasm.

Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a phantasm + &?; an
assembly, fr. &?; to gather: cf. F. phantasmagorie.] 1. An optical
effect produced by a magic lantern. The figures are painted in
transparent colors, and all the rest of the glass is opaque black. The
screen is between the spectators and the instrument, and the figures
are often made to appear as in motion, or to merge into one another.

2. The apparatus by which such an effect is produced.

3. Fig.: A medley of figures; illusive images. "This mental
phantasmagoria." Sir W. Scott.

Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*al (?), a. Of, relating to, or resembling
phantasmagoria; phantasmagoric.

Phan*tas`ma*gor"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to phantasmagoria;
phantasmagorial. Hawthorne.

Phan*tas"ma*go*ry (?), n. See Phantasmagoria.

Phan*tas"mal (?), a. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling, a
phantasm; spectral; illusive.

Phan*tas"ma*scope (?), n. See Phantascope.

Phan`tas*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. phantasmaticus.] Phantasmal. Dr. H.
More.

Phan*tas`ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, phantasm + -graphy.] A
description of celestial phenomena, as rainbows, etc.

{ Phan*tas"tic (?), Phan*tas"tic*al (?), } a. See Fantastic.

Phan"ta*sy (?), n. See Fantasy, and Fancy.

Phan"tom (?), n. [OE. fantome, fantosme, fantesme, OF. fantÙme, fr. L.
phantasma, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to show. See Fancy, and cf. PhaÎton,
Phantasm, Phase.] That which has only an apparent existence; an
apparition; a specter; a phantasm; a sprite; an airy spirit; an ideal
image.

    Strange phantoms rising as the mists arise.


Pope.

    She was a phantom of delight.


Wordsworth.

Phantom ship. See Flying Dutchman, under Flying. -- Phantom tumor
(Med.), a swelling, especially of the abdomen, due to muscular spasm,
accumulation of flatus, etc., simulating an actual tumor in appearance,
but disappearing upon the administration of an anÊsthetic.

Phan`tom*at"ic, a. Phantasmal. [R.] Coleridge.

Pha"raoh (?), n. [Heb. parh; of Egyptian origin: cf. L. pharao, Gr.
&?;. Cf. Faro.] 1. A title by which the sovereigns of ancient Egypt
were designated.

2. See Faro.

Pharaoh's chicken (Zoˆl.), the gier-eagle, or Egyptian vulture; -- so
called because often sculpured on Egyptian monuments. It is nearly
white in color. -- Pharaoh's rat (Zoˆl.), the common ichneumon.

Pha"ra*on (?), n. See Pharaoh, 2.

Phar`a*on"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pharaonique.] Of or pertaining to the
Pharaohs, or kings of ancient Egypt.

Phare (?), n. [See Pharos.] 1. A beacon tower; a lighthouse. [Obs.]

2. Hence, a harbor. Howell.

{ Phar`i*sa"ic (fr`*s"k), Phar`i*sa"ic*al (-*kal), } a. [L.
Pharisaicus, Gr. Farisai:ko`s: cf. F. pharisaÔque. See Pharisee.] 1. Of
or pertaining to the Pharisees; resembling the Pharisees. "The
Pharisaic sect among the Jews." Cudworth.

2. Hence: Addicted to external forms and ceremonies; making a show of
religion without the spirit of it; ceremonial; formal; hypocritical;
self-righteous. "Excess of outward and pharisaical holiness." Bacon.
"Pharisaical ostentation." Macaulay.

-- Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ness, n.

Phar`i*sa"ism (?), n. [Cf. F. pharisaisme.] 1. The notions, doctrines,
and conduct of the Pharisees, as a sect. Sharp.

2. Rigid observance of external forms of religion, without genuine
piety; hypocrisy in religion; a censorious, self-righteous spirit in
matters of morals or manners. "A piece of pharisaism." Hammond.

Phar`i*se"an (?), a. [L. Pharisaeus, Gr. Farisai^os.] Following the
practice of Pharisees; Pharisaic. [Obs.] "Pharisean disciples." Milton.

Phar"i*see (fr"*s), n. [L. Pharisaeus, Gr. Farisai^os, from Heb. prash
to separate.] One of a sect or party among the Jews, noted for a strict
and formal observance of rites and ceremonies and of the traditions of
the elders, and whose pretensions to superior sanctity led them to
separate themselves from the other Jews.

Phar"i*see*ism (?), n. See Pharisaism.

{ Phar`ma*ceu"tic (f‰r`m*s"tk), Phar`ma*ceu"tic*al (-t*kal), } a. [L.
pharmaceuticus, Gr. farmakeytiko`s, fr. farmakey`ein: cf. F.
pharmaceutique. See Pharmacy.] Of or pertaining to the knowledge or art
of pharmacy, or to the art of preparing medicines according to the
rules or formulas of pharmacy; as, pharmaceutical preparations. --
Phar`ma*ceu"tic*al*ly, adv.

Pharmaceutical chemistry, that department of chemistry which ascertains
or regulates the composition of medicinal substances.

Phar`ma*ceu"tics (?), n. The science of preparing medicines.

Phar`ma*ceu"tist (?), n. One skilled in pharmacy; a druggist. See the
Note under Apothecary.

Phar"ma*cist (?), n. One skilled in pharmacy; a pharmaceutist; a
druggist.

Phar`ma*co*dy*nam"ics (?), n. [Gr. fa`rmakon medicine + E. dynamics.]
That branch of pharmacology which considers the mode of action, and the
effects, of medicines. Dunglison.

Phar`ma*cog*no"sis (?), n. [Gr. fa`rmakon a drug + gnw^sis a knowing.]
That branch of pharmacology which treats of unprepared medicines or
simples; -- called also pharmacography, and pharmacomathy.

Phar`ma*cog"no*sy (?), n. Pharmacognosis.

Phar`ma*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. fa`rmakon a drug + -graphy.] See
Pharmacognosis.

Phar*mac"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. fa`rmakon drug, poisonous drug + -lite:
cf. F. pharmacolithe.] (Min.) A hydrous arsenate of lime, usually
occurring in silky fibers of a white or grayish color.

Phar`ma*col"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. pharmacologiste.] One skilled in
pharmacology.

Phar`ma*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. fa`rmakon drug + -logy: cf. F.
pharmacologie.] 1. Knowledge of drugs or medicines; the art of
preparing medicines.

2. A treatise on the art of preparing medicines.

Phar`ma*com"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. fa`rmakon a drug + manqa`nein to learn.]
See Pharmacognosis.

Phar"ma*con (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. fa`rmakon.] A medicine or drug; also,
a poison. Dunglison.

Phar`ma*co*pú"ia (?), n. [NL., from Gr. farmakopoii:`a the preparation
of medicines; fa`rmakon medicine + poiei^n to make.] 1. A book or
treatise describing the drugs, preparations, etc., used in medicine;
especially, one that is issued by official authority and considered as
an authoritative standard.

2. A chemical laboratory. [Obs.] Dunglison.

Phar`ma*cop"o*list (?), n. [L. pharmacopola, Gr. farmakopw`lhs;
fa`rmakon medicine + pwlei^n to sell.] One who sells medicines; an
apothecary.

Phar`ma*co*sid"er*ite (?), n. [Gr. &?; drug, poison + E. siderite.]
(Min.) A hydrous arsenate of iron occurring in green or yellowish green
cubic crystals; cube ore.

Phar"ma*cy (?), n. [OE. fermacie, OF. farmacie, pharmacie, F.
pharmacie, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to administer or use medicines, fr. &?;
medicine.] 1. The art or practice of preparing and preserving drugs,
and of compounding and dispensing medicines according to prescriptions
of physicians; the occupation of an apothecary or a pharmaceutical
chemist.

2. A place where medicines are compounded; a drug store; an
apothecary's shop.

Pha"ro (?), n. 1. A pharos; a lighthouse. [Obs.]

2. See Faro.

Pha*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a lighthouse + -logy.] The art or science
which treats of lighthouses and signal lights.

Pha"ros (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; an island in the Bay of
Alexandria, where king Ptolemy Philadelphus built a famous lighthouse.]
A lighthouse or beacon for the guidance of seamen.

    He . . . built a pharos, or lighthouse.


Arbuthnot.

Pha*ryn"gal (?), a. Pharyngeal. H. Sweet.

Phar`yn*ge"al (?), a. [See Pharynx.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
pharynx; in the region of the pharynx.

Phar`yn*ge"al, n. (Anat.) A pharyngeal bone or cartilage; especially,
one of the lower pharyngeals, which belong to the rudimentary fifth
branchial arch in many fishes, or one of the upper pharyngeals, or
pharyngobranchials, which are the dorsal elements in the complete
branchial arches.

||Phar`yn*gi"tis (?), n. [NL. See Pharynx, and -itis.] (Med.)
||Inflammation of the pharynx.

Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*al (?), a. [Pharynx + branchial.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the pharynx and the branchiÊ; -- applied especially to
the dorsal elements in the branchial arches of fishes. See Pharyngeal.
-- n. A pharyngobranchial, or upper pharyngeal, bone or cartilage.

||Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pharynx, and Branchia.]
||(Zoˆl.) Same as Leptocardia.

||Phar`yn*gog"na*thi (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pharynx, and Gnathic.]
||(Zoˆl.) A division of fishes in which the lower pharyngeal bones are
||united. It includes the scaroid, labroid, and embioticoid fishes.

Pha*ryn`go*lar`yn*ge"al (?), a. [Pharynx + laryngeal.] Of or pertaining
both to pharynx and the larynx.

||Pha*ryn`gop*neus"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the pharynx + &?;
||to breathe.] (Zoˆl.) A group of invertebrates including the Tunicata
||and Enteropneusta. -- Pha*ryn`gop*neus"tal (#), a.

Pha*ryn"go*tome (?), n. (Surg.) An instrument for incising or
scarifying the tonsils, etc.

Phar`yn*got"o*my (?), n. [Pharynx + Gr. &?; to cut: cf. F.
pharyngotomie.] (Surg.) (a) The operation of making an incision into
the pharynx, to remove a tumor or anything that obstructs the passage.
(b) Scarification or incision of the tonsils.

Phar"ynx (?), n.; pl. pharynges (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;: cf. F.
pharynx.] (Anat.) The part of the alimentary canal between the cavity
of the mouth and the esophagus. It has one or two external openings
through the nose in the higher vertebrates, and lateral branchial
openings in fishes and some amphibias.

Phas"co*lome (?), n. [Gr. &?; pouch + &?; mouse.] (Zoˆl.) A marsupial
of the genus Phascolomys; a wombat.

Phase (?), n.; pl. Phases (#). [NL. phasis, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to make to
appear: cf. F. phase. See Phenomenon, Phantom, and Emphasis.] 1. That
which is exhibited to the eye; the appearance which anything manifests,
especially any one among different and varying appearances of the same
object.

2. Any appearance or aspect of an object of mental apprehension or
view; as, the problem has many phases.

3. (Astron.) A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring
cycle of changes with respect to quantity of illumination or form of
enlightened disk; as, the phases of the moon or planets. See Illust.
under Moon.

4. (Physics) Any one point or portion in a recurring series of changes,
as in the changes of motion of one of the particles constituting a wave
or vibration; one portion of a series of such changes, in distinction
from a contrasted portion, as the portion on one side of a position of
equilibrium, in contrast with that on the opposite side.

Pha"sel (?), n. [L. phaselus, phaseolus, Gr. &?;, &?;: cf. F. phasÈole,
fasÈole. Cf. Fesels.] The French bean, or kidney bean.

Phase"less (?), a. Without a phase, or visible form. [R.] "A phaseless
and increasing gloom." Poe.

||Pha*se"o*lus (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants,
||including the Lima bean, the kidney bean, the scarlet runner, etc.
||See Bean.

Pha`se*o*man"nite (?), n. [So called because found in the unripe fruit
of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).] (Chem.) Same as Inosite.

||Pha"sis (?), n.; pl. Phases (#). [NL.] See Phase. Creech.

{ Phasm (?), Phas"ma (?), } n. [L. phasma, Gr. &?;. See Phase.] An
apparition; a phantom; an appearance. [R.] Hammond. Sir T. Herbert.

Phas"mid (?), n. [See Phasm. Probably so called from its mimicking, or
appearing like, inanimate objects.] (Zoˆl.) Any orthopterous insect of
the family PhasmidÊ, as a leaf insect or a stick insect.

Phas"sa*chate (?), n. [Gr. &?; the wood pigeon + &?; the agate.] (Min.)
The lead-colored agate; -- so called in reference to its color.

Phat"a*gin (?), n. [Cf. Gr. &?;; perhaps from native name.] (Zoˆl.) The
long-tailed pangolin (Manis tetradactyla); -- called also ipi.

Pheas"ant (?), n. [OE. fesant, fesaunt, OF. faisant, faisan, F. faisan,
L. phasianus, Gr. &?; (sc. &?;) the Phasian bird, pheasant, fr. &?; a
river in Colchis or Pontus.] 1. (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of
large gallinaceous birds of the genus Phasianus, and many other genera
of the family PhasianidÊ, found chiefly in Asia.

The common, or English, pheasant (Phasianus Colchicus) is now found
over most of temperate Europe, but was introduced from Asia. The
ring-necked pheasant (P. torquatus) and the green pheasant (P.
versicolor) have been introduced into Oregon. The golden pheasant
(Thaumalea picta) is one of the most beautiful species. The silver
pheasant (Euplocamus nychthemerus) of China, and several related
species from Southern Asia, are very beautiful.

2. (Zoˆl.) The ruffed grouse. [Southern U.S.]

Various other birds are locally called pheasants, as the lyre bird, the
leipoa, etc.

Fireback pheasant. See Fireback. -- Gold, or Golden, pheasant (Zoˆl.),
a Chinese pheasant (Thaumalea picta), having rich, varied colors. The
crest is amber-colored, the rump is golden yellow, and the under parts
are scarlet. -- Mountain pheasant (Zoˆl.), the ruffed grouse. [Local,
U.S.] -- Pheasant coucal (Zoˆl.), a large Australian cuckoo (Centropus
phasianus). The general color is black, with chestnut wings and brown
tail. Called also pheasant cuckoo. The name is also applied to other
allied species. -- Pheasant duck. (Zoˆl.) (a) The pintail. (b) The
hooded merganser. -- Pheasant parrot (Zoˆl.), a large and beautiful
Australian parrakeet (Platycercus Adelaidensis). The male has the back
black, the feathers margined with yellowish blue and scarlet, the
quills deep blue, the wing coverts and cheeks light blue, the crown,
sides of the neck, breast, and middle of the belly scarlet. --
Pheasant's eye. (Bot.) (a) A red-flowered herb (Adonis autumnalis) of
the Crowfoot family; -- called also pheasant's-eye Adonis. (b) The
garden pink (Dianthus plumarius); - - called also Pheasant's-eye pink.
-- Pheasant shell (Zoˆl.), any marine univalve shell of the genus
Phasianella, of which numerous species are found in tropical seas. The
shell is smooth and usually richly colored, the colors often forming
blotches like those of a pheasant. -- Pheasant wood. (Bot.) Same as
Partridge wood (a), under Partridge. -- Sea pheasant (Zoˆl.), the
pintail. -- Water pheasant. (Zoˆl.) (a) The sheldrake. (b) The hooded
merganser.

<! p. 1076 !>

Pheas"ant*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. faisanderie.] A place for keeping and
rearing pheasants. Gwilt.

Phe"be (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Phúbe.

Pheer, n. See 1st Fere. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pheese (?), v. t. To comb; also, to beat; to worry. [Obs. or Local] See
Feaze, v.

Pheese, n. Fretful excitement. [Obs. or Local] See Feaze, n.

Phel"lo*derm (?), n. [Gr. &?; cork + -derm.] (Bot.) A layer of green
parenchimatous cells formed on the inner side of the phellogen.

Phel"lo*gen (?), n. [Gr. &?; cork + - gen.] (Bot.) The tissue of young
cells which produces cork cells.

Phel`lo*plas"tics (?), n. [Gr. &?; cork + &?; to mold.] Art of modeling
in cork.

Phen"a*cite (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, impostor, deceiver.] (Min.) A glassy
colorless mineral occurring in rhombohedral crystals, sometimes used as
a gem. It is a silicate of glucina, and receives its name from its
deceptive similarity to quartz.

Phen`a*kis"to*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; a deceiver + -scope.] A revolving
disk on which figures drawn in different relative attitudes are seen
successively, so as to produce the appearance of an object in actual
motion, as an animal leaping, etc., in consequence of the persistence
of the successive visual impressions of the retina. It is often
arranged so that the figures may be projected upon a screen.

Phe*nan"threne (?), n. [Phenyl + antracene.] (Chem.) A complex
hydrocarbon, C14H10, found in coal tar, and obtained as a white
crystalline substance with a bluish fluorescence.

Phe*nan"thri*dine (?), n. [Phenanthrene + pyridine.] (Chem.) A
nitrogenous hydrocarbon base, C13H9N, analogous to phenanthrene and
quinoline.

Phe*nan"thro*line (?), n. [Phenanthrene + quinoline.] (Chem.) Either of
two metameric nitrogenous hydrocarbon bases, C12H8N2, analogous to
phenanthridine, but more highly nitrogenized.

Phene (?), n. (Chem.) Benzene. [Obs.]

Phe"ne*tol (?), n. [Phenyl + ethyl + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) The ethyl
ether of phenol, obtained as an aromatic liquid, C6H5.O.C2H5.

Phe"nic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, derived from, or resembling,
phenyl or phenol.

Phenic acid (Chem.), a phenol. [Obsoles.]

Phe*ni"cian (?), a. & n. See Phúnician.

Phen"i*cine (?), n. [Gr. foi^nix purple red: cf. F. phÈnicine.] (Chem.)
(a) A purple powder precipitated when a sulphuric solution of indigo is
diluted with water. (b) A coloring matter produced by the action of a
mixture of strong nitric and sulphuric acids on phenylic alcohol.
Watts.

Phe*ni"cious (?), a. [L. phoeniceus, Gr. foini`keos, from &?; purple
red.] Of a red color with a slight mixture of gray. Dana.

Phen`i*cop"ter (?), n. [L. phoenicopterus, Gr. foiniko`pteros, i. e.,
red- feathered; foi^nix, foi`nikos, purple red + ptero`n feather: cf.
F. phÈnicoptËre.] (Zoˆl.) A flamingo.

Phe"nix (?), n.; pl. Phenixes (#). [L. phoenix, Gr. foi^nix.] [Written
also phúnix.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) A bird fabled to exist single, to be
consumed by fire by its own act, and to rise again from its ashes.
Hence, an emblem of immortality.

2. (Astron.) A southern constellation.

3. A marvelous person or thing. [R.] Latimer.

||Phen`o*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl. (Bot.) Same as PhÊnogamia.

{ Phen`o*ga"mi*an (?), Phen`o*gam"ic (?), Phe*nog"a*mous (?) }, a. Same
as PhÊnogamian, PhÊnogamic, etc.

Phe"nol (?), n. [Gr. &?; to show + - ol: cf. F. phÈnol.] (Chem.) 1. A
white or pinkish crystalline substance, C6H5OH, produced by the
destructive distillation of many organic bodies, as wood, coal, etc.,
and obtained from the heavy oil from coal tar.

It has a peculiar odor, somewhat resembling creosote, which is a
complex mixture of phenol derivatives. It is of the type of alcohols,
and is called also phenyl alcohol, but has acid properties, and hence
is popularly called carbolic acid, and was formerly called phenic acid.
It is a powerful caustic poison, and in dilute solution has been used
as an antiseptic.

2. Any one of the series of hydroxyl derivatives of which phenol proper
is the type.

Glacial phenol (Chem.), pure crystallized phenol or carbolic acid. --
Phenol acid (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds which are at once
derivatives of both phenol and some member of the fatty acid series;
thus, salicylic acid is a phenol acid. -- Phenol alcohol (Chem.), any
one of series of derivatives of phenol and carbinol which have the
properties of both combined; thus, saligenin is a phenol alcohol. --
Phenol aldehyde (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds having both
phenol and aldehyde properties. - - Phenol phthalein. See under
Phthalein.

Phe"no*late (?), n. [Phenol + -ate.] (Chem.) A compound of phenol
analogous to a salt.

Phe*nom"e*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. phÈnomÈnal.] Relating to, or of the
nature of, a phenomenon; hence, extraordinary; wonderful; as, a
phenomenal memory. -- Phe*nom"e*nal*ly, adv.

Phe*nom"e*nal*ism (?), n. (Metaph.) That theory which limits positive
or scientific knowledge to phenomena only, whether material or
spiritual.

Phe*nom"e*nist (?), n. One who believes in the theory of phenomenalism.

Phe*nom`e*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Phenomenon + -logy: cf. F. phÈnomÈnologie.]
A description, history, or explanation of phenomena. "The phenomenology
of the mind." Sir W. Hamilton.

Phe*nom"e*non (?), n.; pl. Phenomena (#). [L. phaenomenon, Gr.
faino`menon, fr. fai`nesqai to appear, fai`nein to show. See Phantom.]
1. An appearance; anything visible; whatever, in matter or spirit, is
apparent to, or is apprehended by, observation; as, the phenomena of
heat, light, or electricity; phenomena of imagination or memory.

    In the phenomena of the material world, and in many of the
    phenomena of mind.


Stewart.

2. That which strikes one as strange, unusual, or unaccountable; an
extraordinary or very remarkable person, thing, or occurrence; as, a
musical phenomenon.

Phe"nose` (?), n. [Phenyl + dextrose.] (Chem.) A sweet amorphous
deliquescent substance obtained indirectly from benzene, and isometric
with, and resembling, dextrose.

Phe"nyl (?), n. [Gr. &?; to bring to light + -yl: cf. F. phÈnyle. So
called because it is a by-product of illuminating gas.] (Chem.) A
hydrocarbon radical (C6H5) regarded as the essential residue of
benzene, and the basis of an immense number of aromatic derivatives.

Phenyl hydrate (Chem.), phenol or carbolic acid. -- Phenyl hydrazine
(Chem.), a nitrogenous base (C6H5.N2H3) produced artificially as a
colorless oil which unites with acids, ketones, etc., to form
well-crystallized compounds.

Phe`nyl*am"ine (?), n. [Phenyl + amine.] (Chem.) Any one of certain
class of organic bases regarded as formed from ammonia by the
substitution of phenyl for hydrogen.

Phe"nyl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) A hypothetic radical (C6H4) occurring in
certain derivatives of benzene; as, phenylene diamine.

Phe*nyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing,
phenyl.

Phenylic alcohol (Chem.), phenol.

Phe"on (?), n. [Prob. from Old French.] (Her.) A bearing representing
the head of a dart or javelin, with long barbs which are engrailed on
the inner edge.

Phi"al (?), n. [F. fiole, L. phiala a broad, flat, shallow cup or bowl,
Gr. &?;. cf. Vial.] A glass vessel or bottle, especially a small bottle
for medicines; a vial.

Phi"al, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phialed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phialing.] To
put or keep in, or as in, a phial.

    Its phial'd wrath may fate exhaust.


Shenstone.

Phil"a*beg (?), n. See Filibeg.

Phil`a*del"phi*an (?), a. [Gr. filadelfia brotherly love, from
fila`delfos brotherly; fi`los loved, loving, friendly + 'adelfo`s
brother.] Of or pertaining to Ptolemy Philadelphus, or to one of the
cities named Philadelphia, esp. the modern city in Pennsylvania.

Phil`a*del"phi*an, n. 1. A native or an inhabitant of Philadelphia.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a society of mystics of the seventeenth
century, -- called also the Family of Love. Tatler.

Phil`a*le"thist (?), n. [Philo- + Gr. &?; truth.] A lover of the truth.
[Obs.] Brathwait.

Phi*lan"der (?), v. i. [Gr. &?; fond of men; &?; loving + &?; man.] To
make love to women; to play the male flirt.

    You can't go philandering after her again.


G. Eliot.

Phi*lan"der, n. A lover. [R.] Congreve.

Phi*lan"der, n. (Zoˆl.) (a) A South American opossum (Didelphys
philander). (b) An Australian bandicoot (Perameles lagotis).

Phi*lan"der*er (?), n. One who hangs about women; a male flirt. [R.] C.
Kingsley.

Phil"an*thrope (?), n. [F.] A philanthropist. [Obs.] R. North.

{ Phil`an*throp"ic (?), Phil`an*throp"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F.
philanthropique.] Of or pertaining to philanthropy; characterized by
philanthropy; loving or helping mankind; as, a philanthropic
enterprise. -- Phil`an*throp"ic*al*ly, adv.

Phil`an*throp"i*nism (?), n. A system of education on so-called natural
principles, attempted in Germany in the last century by Basedow, of
Dessau.

Phil`an*throp"i*nist (?), n. An advocate of, or believer in,
philanthropinism.

Phi*lan"thro*pist (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; loving + &?; man: cf. F.
philanthrope.] One who practices philanthropy; one who loves mankind,
and seeks to promote the good of others.

Phi*lan`thro*pis"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a
philanthropist. [R.] Carlyle.

Phi*lan"thro*py (?), n. [L. philanthropia, Gr. &?;: cf. F.
philanthropie.] Love to mankind; benevolence toward the whole human
family; universal good will; desire and readiness to do good to all
men; -- opposed to misanthropy. Jer. Taylor.

Phil`a*tel"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to philately.

Phi*lat"e*list (?), n. One versed in philately; one who collects
postage stamps.

Phi*lat"e*ly (?), n. [Philo- + Gr. &?; exemption from tax; cf. frank to
send free.] The collection of postage stamps of various issues.

Phil"a*to*ry (?), n. [OF. filatiere, philatiere. See Phylactery.]
(Eccl.) A kind of transparent reliquary with an ornamental top.

Phil"au*ty (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; loving + &?; self.] Self-love;
selfishness. [Obs.] Beaumont.

Phil`har*mon"ic (?), a. [Philo- + Gr. &?; harmony: cf. F.
philharmonique.] Loving harmony or music.

Phil*hel"lene (?), n. A friend of Greece, or of the Greeks; a
philhellenist. Emerson.

Phil`hel*len"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to philhellenism.

Phil*hel"len*ism (?), n. Love of Greece.

Phil*hel"len*ist, n. [Philo- + Gr. &?; a Greek: cf. F. philhellËne.] A
friend of Greece; one who supports the cause of the Greeks;
particularly, one who supported them in their struggle for independence
against the Turks; a philhellene.

Phil"i*beg (?), n. See Filibeg. [Scot.]

Phil"ip (?), n. [So called from their notes.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The European
hedge sparrow. (b) The house sparrow. Called also phip. [Prov. Eng.]

Phi*lip"pi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Philippi, a city of ancient
Macedonia. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Philippi.

Phi*lip"pic (?), n. [L. Philippicus belonging to Philip, Philippic, Gr.
&?;, fr. &?; Philip, &?; fond of horses: cf. F. philippique.] 1. Any
one of the series of famous orations of Demosthenes, the Grecian
orator, denouncing Philip, king of Macedon.

2. Hence: Any discourse or declamation abounding in acrimonious
invective.

Phi*lip"pi*um (?), n. [NL. So named from Philippe Plantamour, of
Geneva, Switzerland.] (Chem.) A rare and doubtful metallic element said
to have been discovered in the mineral samarskite.

Phil"ip*pize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philippized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Philippizing.] [Gr. &?; to be on Philip's side.] 1. To support or
advocate the cause of Philip of Macedon.

2. [See Philippic.] To write or speak in the style of a philippic.

Phi*lis"ter (?), n. [G.] A Philistine; -- a cant name given to townsmen
by students in German universities.

Phi*lis"tine (?), n. [L. Philistinus, Heb. Phlishth, pl. Phlishthm.] 1.
A native or an inhabitant of ancient Philistia, a coast region of
southern Palestine.

2. A bailiff. [Cant, Eng.] [Obs.] Swift.

3. A person deficient in liberal culture and refinement; one without
appreciation of the nobler aspirations and sentiments of humanity; one
whose scope is limited to selfish and material interests. [Recent] M.
Arnold.

Phi*lis"tine, a. 1. Of or pertaining to the Philistines.

2. Uncultured; commonplace.

Phi*lis"tin*ism (?), n. The condition, character, aims, and habits of
the class called Philistines. See Philistine, 3. [Recent] Carlyle.

    On the side of beauty and taste, vulgarity; on the side of morals
    and feeling, coarseness; on the side of mind and spirit,
    unintelligence, -- this is Philistinism.


M. Arnold.

Phil"lips*ite (?), n. [So named after John Phillips, an English
mineralogist.] (Min.) (a) A hydrous silicate of aluminia, lime, and
soda, a zeolitic mineral commonly occurring in complex twin crystals,
often cruciform in shape; -- called also christianite.

Phil*lyg"e*nin (?), n. [Phillyrin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.) A pearly
crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phillyrin.

||Phil*lyr"e*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;.] (Bot.) A genus of
||evergreen plants growing along the shores of the Mediterranean, and
||breading a fruit resembling that of the olive.

Phil"ly*rin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside extracted from Phillyrea as a
bitter white crystalline substance. It is sometimes used as a
febrifuge.

Philo-. A combining form from Gr. fi`los loving, fond of, attached to;
as, philosophy, philotechnic.

Phi*log"y*nist (?), n. [See Philogyny.] A lover or friend of women; one
who esteems woman as the higher type of humanity; -- opposed to
misogynist.

Phi*log"y*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; loving + &?; woman.] Fondness for
women; uxoriousness; -- opposed to misogyny. [R.] Byron.

Phil`o*hel*le"ni*an (?), n. A philhellenist.

Phi*lol"o*ger (?), n. [Cf. L. philologus a man of letters, Gr. &?;,
originally, fond of talking; hence, fond of learning and literature;
&?; loving + &?; speech, discourse.] A philologist. Burton.

Phil`o*lo"gi*an (?), n. A philologist. [R.]

{ Phil`o*log"ic*al (?), Phil`o*log"ic (?), } a. [Cf. F. philologique.]
Of or pertaining to philology. -- Phil`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Phi*lol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in philology.

Phi*lol"o*gize (?), v. i. To study, or make critical comments on,
language. Evelyn.

Phil"o*logue (?), n. [Cf. F. philologue.] A philologist. [R.] Carlyle.

Phi*lol"o*gy (?), n. [L. philologia love of learning, interpretation,
philology, Gr. &?;: cf. F. philologie. See Philologer.] 1. Criticism;
grammatical learning. [R.] Johnson.

2. The study of language, especially in a philosophical manner and as a
science; the investigation of the laws of human speech, the relation of
different tongues to one another, and historical development of
languages; linguistic science.

Philology comprehends a knowledge of the etymology, or origin and
combination of words; grammar, the construction of sentences, or use of
words in language; criticism, the interpretation of authors, the
affinities of different languages, and whatever relates to the history
or present state of languages. It sometimes includes rhetoric, poetry,
history, and antiquities.

3. A treatise on the science of language.

<! p. 1077 !>

Phil"o*math (?), n. [Gr. &?;; fi`los loving, a friend + ma`qh learning,
fr. &?;, &?;, to learn.] A lover of learning; a scholar. Chesterfield.

Phil`o*math`e*mat"ic (?), n. A philomath.

Phil`o*math"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. philomathique.] 1. Of or pertaining to
philomathy.

2. Having love of learning or letters.

Phi*lom"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;.] The love of learning or letters.

Phil"o*mel (?), n. Same as Philomela, the nightingale. [Poetic] Milton.
Cowper.

Phil`o*me"la (?), n. [L. philomela, Gr. &?;, according to the legend,
from &?; Philomela (daughter of Pandion, king of Athens), who was
changed into a nightingale.] 1. The nightingale; philomel. Shak.

2. (Zoˆl.) A genus of birds including the nightingales.

Phil"o*mene (?), n. The nightingale. [Obs.]

Phil"o*mot (?), a. [See Filemot.] Of the color of a dead leaf. [Obs.]
Addison.

Phil`o*mu"sic*al (?), a. [Philo- + musical.] Loving music. [R.]Busby.

Phil`o*pe"na (?), n. [Probably a corruption fr. G. vielliebchen, LG.
vielliebken, or D. veelliebken, a philopena, literally, much loved; but
influenced by Gr. &?; a friend, and L. poena penalty, from an idea that
the gift was a penalty of friendship or love.] A present or gift which
is made as a forfeit in a social game that is played in various ways;
also, the game itself. [Written also fillipeen and phillippine.]

One of the ways may be stated as follows: A person finding a nut with
two kernels eats one, and gives the other to a person of the opposite
sex, and then whichever says philopena first at the next meeting wins
the present. The name is also applied to the kernels eaten.

{ Phil`o*po*lem"ic (?), Phil`o*po*lem"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?; fond of
war, warlike; &?; loving + &?; war.] Fond of polemics or controversy.
[R.]

Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive (?), a. Having the love of offspring; fond of
children.

Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive*ness, n. [Philo- + L. progenies offspring.]
(Phren.) The love of offspring; fondness for children.

Phi*los"o*phas`ter (?), n. [L., a bad philosopher, fr. philosophus: cf.
OF. philosophastre.] A pretender to philosophy. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Phi*los"o*phate (?), v. i. [L. philosophatus, p. p. of philosophari to
philosophize.] To play the philosopher; to moralize. [Obs.] Barrow.

Phi*los`o*pha"tion (?), n. Philosophical speculation and discussion.
[Obs.] Sir W. Petty.

Phil"o*sophe (?), n. [F., a philosopher.] A philosophaster; a
philosopher. [R.] Carlyle.

Phi*los"o*pheme (?), n. [Gr. &?;, from &?; to love knowledge.] A
philosophical proposition, doctrine, or principle of reasoning. [R.]

    This, the most venerable, and perhaps the most ancient, of Grecian
    myths, is a philosopheme.


Coleridge.

Phi*los"o*pher (?), n. [OE. philosophre, F. philosophe, L. philosophus,
Gr. &?;; &?; loving + &?; wise. Cf. Philosophy.] 1. One who
philosophizes; one versed in, or devoted to, philosophy.

    Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics,
    encountered him.


Acts xvii. 18.

2. One who reduces the principles of philosophy to practice in the
conduct of life; one who lives according to the rules of practical
wisdom; one who meets or regards all vicissitudes with calmness.

3. An alchemist. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Philosopher's stone, an imaginary stone which the alchemists formerly
sought as instrument of converting the baser metals into gold.

{ Phil`o*soph"ic (?), Phil`o*soph"ic*al (?), } a. [L. philosophicus:
cf. F. philosophique.] Of or pertaining to philosophy; versed in, or
imbued with, the principles of philosophy; hence, characterizing a
philosopher; rational; wise; temperate; calm; cool. --
Phil`o*soph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Phi*los"o*phism (?), n. [Cf. F. philosophisme.] Spurious philosophy;
the love or practice of sophistry. Carlyle.

Phi*los"o*phist (?), n. [Cf. F. philosophiste.] A pretender in
philosophy.

{ Phi*los`o*phis"tic (?), Phi*los`o*phis"tic*al (?), } a. Of or
pertaining to the love or practice of sophistry. [R.]

Phi*los"o*phize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philosophized (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Philosophizing (?).] To reason like a philosopher; to search
into the reason and nature of things; to investigate phenomena, and
assign rational causes for their existence.

    Man philosophizes as he lives. He may philosophize well or ill, but
    philosophize he must.


Sir W. Hamilton.

Phi*los"o*phi`zer (?), n. One who philosophizes.

Phi*los"o*phy (?), n.; pl. Philosophies (#). [OE. philosophie, F.
philosophie, L. philosophia, from Gr. &?;. See Philosopher.] 1.
Literally, the love of, including the search after, wisdom; in actual
usage, the knowledge of phenomena as explained by, and resolved into,
causes and reasons, powers and laws.

When applied to any particular department of knowledge, philosophy
denotes the general laws or principles under which all the subordinate
phenomena or facts relating to that subject are comprehended. Thus
philosophy, when applied to God and the divine government, is called
theology; when applied to material objects, it is called physics; when
it treats of man, it is called anthropology and psychology, with which
are connected logic and ethics; when it treats of the necessary
conceptions and relations by which philosophy is possible, it is called
metaphysics.

"Philosophy has been defined: tionscience of things divine and human,
and the causes in which they are contained; -- the science of effects
by their causes; -- the science of sufficient reasons; -- the science
of things possible, inasmuch as they are possible; -- the science of
things evidently deduced from first principles; -- the science of
truths sensible and abstract; -- the application of reason to its
legitimate objects; -- the science of the relations of all knowledge to
the necessary ends of human reason; -- the science of the original form
of the ego, or mental self; -- the science of science; -- the science
of the absolute; -- the scienceof the absolute indifference of the
ideal and real." Sir W. Hamilton.

2. A particular philosophical system or theory; the hypothesis by which
particular phenomena are explained.

    [Books] of Aristotle and his philosophie.


Chaucer.

    We shall in vain interpret their words by the notions of our
    philosophy and the doctrines in our school.


Locke.

3. Practical wisdom; calmness of temper and judgment; equanimity;
fortitude; stoicism; as, to meet misfortune with philosophy.

    Then had he spent all his philosophy.


Chaucer.

4. Reasoning; argumentation.

    Of good and evil much they argued then, . . . Vain wisdom all, and
    false philosophy.


Milton.

5. The course of sciences read in the schools. Johnson.

6. A treatise on philosophy.

Philosophy of the Academy, that of Plato, who taught his disciples in a
grove in Athens called the Academy. -- Philosophy of the Garden, that
of Epicurus, who taught in a garden in Athens. -- Philosophy of the
Lyceum, that of Aristotle, the founder of the Peripatetic school, who
delivered his lectures in the Lyceum at Athens. -- Philosophy of the
Porch, that of Zeno and the Stoics; -- so called because Zeno of Citium
and his successors taught in the porch of the Poicile, a great hall in
Athens.

Phil`o*stor"gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; loving + &?; affection.] Natural
affection, as of parents for their children. [R.]

{ Phil`o*tech"nic (?), Phil`o*tech"nic*al (?), } a. [Philo- + Gr. &?;
an art: cf. F. philotechnique.] Fond of the arts. [R.]

Phil"ter (?), n. [F. philtre, L. philtrum, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to love,
&?; dear, loving.] A potion or charm intended to excite the passion of
love. [Written also philtre.] Addison.

Phil"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Philtered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Philtering.] 1. To impregnate or mix with a love potion; as, to philter
a draught.

2. To charm to love; to excite to love or sexual desire by a potion.
Gov. of Tongue.

||Phi*mo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a muzzling, fr. &?; muzzle.]
||(Med.) A condition of the penis in which the prepuce can not be drawn
||back so as to uncover the glans penis.

Phi"ton*ess (?), n. Pythoness; witch. [Obs.]

Phiz (?), n.; pl. Phizes (#). [Contr. fr. physiognomy.] The face or
visage. [Colloq.] Cowper.

||Phle*bi"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a vein + -itis.] (Med.)
||Inflammation of a vein.

Phleb"o*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?; + -gram.] (Physiol.) A tracing (with
the sphygmograph) of the movements of a vein, or of the venous pulse.

{ Phleb"o*lite (?), Phleb"o*lith (?), } n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a vein +
-lite, - lith.] (Med.) A small calcareous concretion formed in a vein;
a vein stone.

Phle*bol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a vein + -logy.] A branch of
anatomy which treats of the veins.

Phle*bot"o*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. phlÈbotomiste.] (Med.) One who
practiced phlebotomy.

Phle*bot"o*mize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phlebotomized (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Phlebotomizing (?).] [Cf. F. phlÈbotomiser.] To let blood from
by opening a vein; to bleed. [R.] Howell.

Phle*bot"o*my (?), n. [L. phlebotomia, Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, a vein + &?;
to cut: cf. F. phlÈbotomie. Cf. Fleam.] (Med.) The act or practice of
opening a vein for letting blood, in the treatment of disease;
venesection; bloodletting.

Phlegm (?), n. [F. phlegme, flegme, L. phlegma, fr. Gr. &?; a flame,
inflammation, phlegm, a morbid, clammy humor in the body, fr. &?; to
burn. Cf. Phlox, Flagrant, Flame, Bleak, a., and Fluminate.] 1. One of
the four humors of which the ancients supposed the blood to be
composed. See Humor. Arbuthnot.

2. (Physiol.) Viscid mucus secreted in abnormal quantity in the
respiratory and digestive passages.

3. (Old Chem.) A watery distilled liquor, in distinction from a
spirituous liquor. Crabb.

4. Sluggishness of temperament; dullness; want of interest;
indifference; coldness.

    They judge with fury, but they write with phlegm.


Pope.

Phleg"ma*gogue (?), n. [Gr. &?; carrying of phlegm; &?; phlegm + &?; to
lead.] (Old Med.) A medicine supposed to expel phlegm.

||Phleg*ma"si*a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;. See Phlegm.] (Med.) An
||inflammation; more particularly, an inflammation of the internal
||organs.

||Phlegmasia dolens (d"lnz) [NL.], milk leg.

Phleg*mat"ic (?), a. [L. phlegmaticus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. phlegmatique.]
1. Watery. [Obs.] "Aqueous and phlegmatic." Sir I. Newton.

2. Abounding in phlegm; as, phlegmatic humors; a phlegmatic
constitution. Harvey.

3. Generating or causing phlegm. "Cold and phlegmatic habitations." Sir
T. Browne.

4. Not easily excited to action or passion; cold; dull; sluggish;
heavy; as, a phlegmatic person. Addison.

Phlegmatic temperament (Old Physiol.), lymphatic temperament. See under
Lymphatic.

Phleg*mat"ic*al (?), a. Phlegmatic. Ash.

Phleg*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a phlegmatic manner.

Phleg*mat"ic*ly (?), a. Phlegmatically. [Obs.]

Phleg"mon (?), n. [L. phlegmone, phlegmon, inflammation beneath the
skin, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to burn: cf. F. phlegmon.] (Med.) Purulent
inflammation of the cellular or areolar tissue.

Phleg"mon*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. phlegmoneux.] Having the nature or
properties of phlegmon; as, phlegmonous pneumonia. Harvey.

Phleme (?), n. (Surg. & Far.) See Fleam.

||Phle"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a kind of marsh plant.] (Bot.) A
||genus of grasses, including the timothy (Phleum pratense), which is
||highly valued for hay; cat's-tail grass. Gray.

Phlo"Îm (?), n. [Gr. &?; bark.] (Bot.) That portion of fibrovascular
bundles which corresponds to the inner bark; the liber tissue; --
distinguished from xylem.

Phlo*gis"tian (?), n. A believer in the existence of phlogiston.

Phlo*gis"tic (?), a. 1. (Old Chem.) Of or pertaining to phlogiston, or
to belief in its existence.

2. (Med.) Inflammatory; belonging to inflammations and fevers.

Phlo*gis"tic*al (?), a. (Old Chem.) Phlogistic.

Phlo*gis"ti*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phlogisticated (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Phlogisticating.] (Old Chem.) To combine phlogiston with; --
usually in the form and sense of the p. p. or the adj.; as, highly
phlogisticated substances.

Phlo*gis`ti*ca"tion (?), n. (Old Chem.) The act or process of combining
with phlogiston.

Phlo*gis"ton (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; burnt, set on fire, fr. &?; to
set on fire, to burn, fr. &?;, &?;, a flame, blaze. See Phlox.] (Old
Chem.) The hypothetical principle of fire, or inflammability, regarded
by Stahl as a chemical element.

This was supposed to be united with combustible (phlogisticated) bodies
and to be separated from incombustible (dephlogisticated) bodies, the
phenomena of flame and burning being the escape of phlogiston. Soot and
sulphur were regarded as nearly pure phlogiston. The essential
principle of this theory was, that combustion was a decomposition
rather than the union and combination which it has since been shown to
be.

Phlo*gog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?; fire + -genous.] (Med.) Causing
inflammation.

Phlog"o*pite (?), n. [Gr. &?; firelike.] (Min.) A kind of mica having
generally a peculiar bronze- red or copperlike color and a pearly
luster. It is a silicate of aluminia, with magnesia, potash, and some
fluorine. It is characteristic of crystalline limestone or dolomite and
serpentine. See Mica.

||Phlo*go"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; burning heat.] (Med.)
||Inflammation of external parts of the body; erysipelatous
||inflammation.

Phlo*got"ic (?), n. (Med.) Of or pertaining to phlogisis.

Phlo*ram"ine (?), n. [Phlorlucin + amine.] (Chem.) A basic amido
derivative of phloroglucin, having an astringent taste.

Phlo*ret"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, or
designating, an organic acid obtained by the decomposition of
phloretin.

Phlor"e*tin (?), n. [From Phlorizin.] (Chem.) A bitter white
crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phlorizin, and
formerly used to some extent as a substitute for quinine.

Phlor"i*zin (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, bark + &?; root.] (Chem.) A bitter
white crystalline glucoside extracted from the root bark of the apple,
pear, cherry, plum, etc. [Formerly also written phloridzin.]

Phlor`o*glu"cin (?), n. [Phloretin + Gr. &?; sweet.] (Chem.) A sweet
white crystalline substance, metameric with pyrogallol, and obtained by
the decomposition of phloretin, and from certain gums, as catechu,
kino, etc. It belongs to the class of phenols. [Called also
phloroglucinol.]

Phlo"rol (?), n. [Phloretic + -ol.] (Chem.) A liquid metameric with
xylenol, belonging to the class of phenols, and obtained by distilling
certain salts of phloretic acid.

Phlo"rone (?), n. [Phlorol + quinone.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline
substance having a peculiar unpleasant odor, resembling the quinones,
and obtained from beechwood tar and coal tar, as also by the oxidation
of xylidine; -- called also xyloquinone.

Phlox (?), n. [L., a kind of flower, fr. Gr. &?; flame, fr. &?; to
burn.] (Bot.) A genus of American herbs, having showy red, white, or
purple flowers.

Phlox worm (Zoˆl.), the larva of an American moth (Heliothis
phloxiphaga). It is destructive to phloxes. -- Phlox subulata, the moss
pink. See under Moss.

Phlyc*ten"u*lar (?), a. [Gr. &?; a blister or pustule.] (Med.)
Characterized by the presence of small pustules, or whitish elevations
resembling pustules; as, phlyctenular ophthalmia.

||Pho"ca (?), n. [L., a seal, fr. Gr. &?;.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of seals.
||It includes the common harbor seal and allied species. See Seal.

Pho*ca"cean (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any species of Phoca; a seal.

Pho"cal (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to seals.

Pho*cen"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; a porpoise.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to
dolphin oil or porpoise oil; - - said of an acid (called also delphinic
acid) subsequently found to be identical with valeric acid. Watts.

Pho*ce"nin (?), n. [Cf. F. phocÈnine.] (Chem.) See Delphin.

<! p. 1078 !>

Pho"cine (?), a. [L. phoca a seal.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the
seal tribe; phocal.

Pho"co*dont (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Phocodontia.

||Pho`co*don"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a seal + &?;, &?;, a
||tooth.] (Zoˆl.) A group of extinct carnivorous whales. Their teeth
||had compressed and serrated crowns. It includes Squalodon and allied
||genera.

Phú"be (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The pewee, or pewit.

Phú"bus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; pure, bright.] 1. (Class.
Myth.) Apollo; the sun god.

2. The sun. "Phúbus 'gins arise." Shak.

Phú*ni"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Phúnica. -- n. A native or
inhabitant of Phúnica.

Phú*ni"cious (?), a. See Phenicious.

||Phú`ni*cop"te*rus (?), n. [NL. See Phenicopter.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of
||birds which includes the flamingoes.

||Phú"nix (?), n. [L., a fabulous bird. See Phenix.] 1. Same as Phenix.
||Shak.

2. (Bot.) A genus of palms including the date tree.

Pho"lad (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any species of Pholas.

Pho*la"de*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Pholad.

||Pho"las (?), n.; pl. Pholades (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a kind of
||mollusk.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of marine bivalve
||mollusks of the genus Pholas, or family PholadidÊ. They bore holes
||for themselves in clay, peat, and soft rocks.

Pho"nal (?), a.[Gr. &?; the voice.] Of or relating to the voice; as,
phonal structure. Max M¸ller.

Pho`nas*cet"ics (?), n. [Gr. &?; to practice the voice; &?; voice + &?;
to practice.] Treatment for restoring or improving the voice.

Pho*na"tion (?), n. [Gr. &?; the voice.] The act or process by which
articulate sounds are uttered; the utterance of articulate sounds;
articulate speech.

Pho*nau"to*graph (?), n. [Phono- + Gr. &?; self + -graph.] (Physics) An
instrument by means of which a sound can be made to produce a visible
trace or record of itself. It consists essentially of a resonant
vessel, usually of paraboloidal form, closed at one end by a flexible
membrane. A stylus attached to some point of the membrane records the
movements of the latter, as it vibrates, upon a moving cylinder or
plate.

Pho*nei"do*scope (?), n. [Phono- + Gr. &?; form + -scope.] (Physics) An
instrument for studying the motions of sounding bodies by optical
means. It consists of a tube across the end of which is stretched a
film of soap solution thin enough to give colored bands, the form and
position of which are affected by sonorous vibrations.

Pho*net"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a sound, tone; akin to Gr. &?; to
speak: cf. F. phonÈtique. See Ban a proclamation.] 1. Of or pertaining
to the voice, or its use.

2. Representing sounds; as, phonetic characters; -- opposed to
ideographic; as, a phonetic notation.

Phonetic spelling, spelling in phonetic characters, each representing
one sound only; -- contrasted with Romanic spelling, or that by the use
of the Roman alphabet.

Pho*net"ic*al*ly, adv. In a phonetic manner.

Pho`ne*ti"cian (?), n. One versed in phonetics; a phonetist.

Pho*net"ics (?), n. 1. The doctrine or science of sounds; especially
those of the human voice; phonology.

2. The art of representing vocal sounds by signs and written
characters.

Pho"ne*tism (?), n. The science which treats of vocal sounds. J. Peile.

Pho"ne*tist (?), n. 1. One versed in phonetics; a phonologist.

2. One who advocates a phonetic spelling.

Pho`ne*ti*za"tion (?), n. The act, art, or process of representing
sounds by phonetic signs.

Pho"ne*tize (?), v. t. To represent by phonetic signs. Lowell.

Phon"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; sound: cf. F. phonique.] Of or pertaining to
sound; of the nature of sound; acoustic. Tyndall.

Phon"ics (?), n. See Phonetics.

Pho"no- (?). A combining form from Gr. &?; sound, tone; as, phonograph,
phonology.

Phono (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A South American butterfly (Ithonia phono) having
nearly transparent wings.

Pho`no*camp"tic (?), a. [Phono- + Gr. &?; to bend: cf. F.
phonocamptique.] Reflecting sound. [R.] "Phonocamptic objects." Derham.

Pho"no*gram (?), n. [Phono- + -gram.] 1. A letter, character, or mark
used to represent a particular sound.

    Phonograms are of three kinds: (1) Verbal signs, which stand for
    entire words; (2) Syllabic signs, which stand for the articulations
    of which words are composed; (3) Alphabetic signs, or letters,
    which represent the elementary sounds into which the syllable can
    be resolved.


I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

2. A record of sounds made by a phonograph.

Pho"no*graph (?), n. [Phono- + -graph.] 1. A character or symbol used
to represent a sound, esp. one used in phonography.

2. (Physics) An instrument for the mechanical registration and
reproduction of audible sounds, as articulate speech, etc. It consists
of a rotating cylinder or disk covered with some material easily
indented, as tinfoil, wax, paraffin, etc., above which is a thin plate
carrying a stylus. As the plate vibrates under the influence of a
sound, the stylus makes minute indentations or undulations in the soft
material, and these, when the cylinder or disk is again turned, set the
plate in vibration, and reproduce the sound.

Pho*nog"ra*pher (?), n. 1. One versed or skilled in phonography.

2. One who uses, or is skilled in the use of, the phonograph. See
Phonograph, 2.

{ Pho`no*graph"ic (?), Pho`no*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F.
phonographique.] 1. Of or pertaining to phonography; based upon
phonography.

2. Of or pertaining to phonograph; done by the phonograph.

Pho`no*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In a phonographic manner; by means of
phonograph.

Pho*nog"ra*phist (?), n. Phonographer.

Pho*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Phono- + -graphy.] 1. A description of the laws
of the human voice, or sounds uttered by the organs of speech.

2. A representation of sounds by distinctive characters; commonly, a
system of shorthand writing invented by Isaac Pitman, or a modification
of his system, much used by reporters.

The consonants are represented by straight lines and curves; the vowels
by dots and short dashes; but by skilled phonographers, in rapid work,
most vowel marks are omitted, and brief symbols for common words and
combinations of words are extensively employed. The following line is
an example of phonography, in which all the sounds are indicated: --

    They also serve who only stand and wait.


Milton. 3. The art of constructing, or using, the phonograph.

Pho"no*lite (?), n. [Phono- + -lite: cf. F. phonolithe.] (Min.) A
compact, feldspathic, igneous rock containing nephelite, ha¸ynite, etc.
Thin slabs give a ringing sound when struck; -- called also clinkstone.

Pho*nol"o*ger (?), n. A phonologist.

{ Pho`no*log"ic (?), Pho`no*log"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to
phonology.

Pho*nol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in phonology.

Pho*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Phono- + -logy.] The science or doctrine of the
elementary sounds uttered by the human voice in speech, including the
various distinctions, modifications, and combinations of tones;
phonetics. Also, a treatise on sounds.

Pho*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Phono- + -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for
measuring sounds, as to their intensity, or the frequency of the
vibrations.

Pho`no*mo"tor (?), n. [Phono- + -motor.] (Physics) An instrument in
which motion is produced by the vibrations of a sounding body.

Pho*nor"ga*non (?), n. [NL. See Phono-, and Organon.] A speaking
machine.

Pho"no*scope (?), n. [Phono- + -scope.] (Physics) (a) An instrument for
observing or exhibiting the motions or properties of sounding bodies;
especially, an apparatus invented by Kˆnig for testing the quality of
musical strings. (b) An instrument for producing luminous figures by
the vibrations of sounding bodies.

Pho"no*type (-tp), n. [Phono-  + -type.] A type or character used in
phonotypy.

{ Pho`no*typ"ic (?), Pho`no*typ"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to
phonotypy; as, a phonotypic alphabet.

Pho*not"y*pist (?), n. One versed in phonotypy.

Pho*not"y*py (?), n. A method of phonetic printing of the English
language, as devised by Mr. Pitman, in which nearly all the ordinary
letters and many new forms are employed in order to indicate each
elementary sound by a separate character.

||Phor"minx (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;.] A kind of lyre used by the
||Greeks. Mrs. Browning.

||Phor"mi*um (?), n. [NL. fr. Gr. &?; a plaited mat, a kind of plant.]
||(Bot.) A genus of liliaceous plants, consisting of one species
||(Phormium tenax). See Flax-plant.

Phor"one (?), n. [Camphor + acetone.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline
substance, having a geraniumlike odor, regarded as a complex derivative
of acetone, and obtained from certain camphor compounds.

||Pho*ro"nis (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Phoronis, a surname of Io, Gr. &?;.]
||(Zoˆl.) A remarkable genus of marine worms having tentacles around
||the mouth. It is usually classed with the gephyreans. Its larva
||(Actinotrocha) undergoes a peculiar metamorphosis.

||Phor`o*no"mi*a (?), n. [NL.] See Phoronomics.

Phor`o*nom"ics (?), n. [Gr. &?; a carrying, motion + &?; a law.] The
science of motion; kinematics. [R.] Weisbach.

Phos"gene (?), a. [Gr. &?; light + the root of &?; to be born: cf. F.
phosgËne.] (Old Chem.) Producing, or produced by, the action of light;
-- formerly used specifically to designate a gas now called carbonyl
chloride. See Carbonyl.

Phos"gen*ite (?), n. (Min.) A rare mineral occurring in tetragonal
crystals of a white, yellow, or grayish color and adamantine luster. It
is a chlorocarbonate of lead.

Phos"pham (?), n. [Phosphorus + ammonia.] (Chem.) An inert amorphous
white powder, PN2H, obtained by passing ammonia over heated phosphorus.
[Spelt also phosphame.] -- Phos"pham"ic (#), a.

Phos"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of phosphoric acid.

Phos*phat"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus,
phosphoric acid, or phosphates; as, phosphatic nodules.

Phosphatic diathesis (Med.), a habit of body which leads to the undue
excretion of phosphates with the urine.

||Phos`pha*tu"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Phosphate, and Urine.] (Med.) The
||excessive discharge of phosphates in the urine.

Phos"phene (?), n. [Gr. &?; light + &?; to show.] (Physiol.) A luminous
impression produced through excitation of the retina by some cause
other than the impingement upon it of rays of light, as by pressure
upon the eyeball when the lids are closed. Cf. After-image.

Phos"phide (?), n. (Chem.) A binary compound of phosphorus.

Phos"phine (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless gas, PH3, analogous to ammonia,
and having a disagreeable odor resembling that of garlic. Called also
hydrogen phosphide, and formerly, phosphureted hydrogen.

It is the most important compound of phosphorus and hydrogen, and is
produced by the action of caustic potash on phosphorus. It is
spontaneously inflammable, owing to impurities, and in burning produces
peculiar vortical rings of smoke.

Phos*phin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain
acids analogous to the phosphonic acids, but containing two hydrocarbon
radicals, and derived from the secondary phosphines by oxidation.

Phos"phite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of phosphorous acid.

Phos*phon"ic (?), a. [Phosphoric + sulphonic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or designating, certain derivatives of phosphorous acid containing a
hydrocarbon radical, and analogous to the sulphonic acid.

Phos*pho"ni*um (?), n. [Phosphorus + ammonium.] (Chem.) The
hypothetical radical PH4, analogous to ammonium, and regarded as the
nucleus of certain derivatives of phosphine.

Phos"phor (?), n. [Cf. G. phosphor. See Phosphorus.] 1. Phosphorus.
[Obs.] Addison.

2. The planet Venus, when appearing as the morning star; Lucifer.
[Poetic] Pope. Tennyson.

Phos"phor*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phosphorated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Phosphorating.] (Chem.) To impregnate, or combine, with phosphorus
or its compounds; as, phosphorated oil.

Phos"phor-bronze` (?), n. [Phosphor + bronze.] (Metal.) A variety of
bronze possessing great hardness, elasticity, and toughness, obtained
by melting copper with tin phosphide. It contains one or two per cent
of phosphorus and from five to fifteen per cent of tin.

Phos*pho"re*ous (?), a. Phosphorescent. [Obs.]

Phos`phor*esce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Phosphoresced (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Phosphorescing (?).] To shine as phosphorus; to be
phosphorescent; to emit a phosphoric light.

Phos`phor*es"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. phosphorescence.] 1. The quality or
state of being phosphorescent; or the act of phosphorescing.

2. A phosphoric light.

Phos`phor*es"cent (?), a. [Cf. F. phosphorescent.] Shining with a
phosphoric light; luminous without sensible heat. -- n. A
phosphorescent substance.

Phos*phor"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. phosphorique.] 1. (Chem.) Of or pertaining
to phosphorus; resembling, or containing, from us; specifically,
designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a higher valence as
contrasted with the phosphorous compounds.

2. Phosphorescent. "A phosphoric sea." Byron.

Glacial phosphoric acid. (Chem.) (a) Metaphosphoric acid in the form of
glassy semitransparent masses or sticks. (b) Pure normal phosphoric
acid. -- Phosphoric acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, H3PO4,
which is the most highly oxidized acid of phosphorus, and forms an
important and extensive series of compounds, viz., the phosphates. --
Soluble phosphoric acid, Insoluble phosphoric acid (Agric. Chem.),
phosphoric acid combined in acid salts, or in neutral or basic salts,
which are respectively soluble and insoluble in water or in plant
juices. -- Reverted phosphoric acid (Agric. Chem.), phosphoric acid
changed from acid (soluble) salts back to neutral or basic (insoluble)
salts.

Phos*phor"ic*al (?), a. (Old Chem.) Phosphoric.

Phos"phor*ite (?), n. (Min.) A massive variety of apatite.

Phos`phor*it"ic (?), a. (Min.) Pertaining to phosphorite; resembling,
or of the nature of, phosphorite.

Phos"phor*ize (?), v. t. To phosphorate.

Phos"phor*ized (?), a. Containing, or impregnated with, phosphorus.

Phos`phor*o*gen"ic (?), a. [Phosphorus + -gen + -ic.] Generating
phosphorescence; as, phosphorogenic rays.

Phos*phor"o*scope (?), n. [Phosphorus + -scope.] (Physics) An apparatus
for observing the phosphorescence produced in different bodies by the
action of light, and for measuring its duration.

Phos"phor*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. phosphoreux.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to
phosphorus; resembling or containing phosphorus; specifically,
designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a lower valence as
contrasted with phosphoric compounds; as, phosphorous acid, H3PO3.

Phos"phor*us (?), n.; pl. Phosphori (#). [L., the morning star, Gr.
&?;, lit., light bringer; &?; light + &?; to bring.] 1. The morning
star; Phosphor.

2. (Chem.) A poisonous nonmetallic element of the nitrogen group,
obtained as a white, or yellowish, translucent waxy substance, having a
characteristic disagreeable smell. It is very active chemically, must
be preserved under water, and unites with oxygen even at ordinary
temperatures, giving a faint glow, -- whence its name. It always occurs
compined, usually in phosphates, as in the mineral apatite, in bones,
etc. It is used in the composition on the tips of friction matches, and
for many other purposes. The molecule contains four atoms. Symbol P.
Atomic weight 31.0.

3. (Chem.) Hence, any substance which shines in the dark like
phosphorus, as certain phosphorescent bodies.

Bologna phosphorus (Chem.), sulphide of barium, which shines in the
dark after exposure to light; -- so called because this property was
discovered by a resident of Bologna. The term is sometimes applied to
other compounds having similar properties. -- Metallic phosphorus
(Chem.), an allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a gray
metallic crystalline substance, having very inert chemical properties.
It is obtained by heating ordinary phosphorus in a closed vessel at a
high temperature. -- Phosphorus disease (Med.), a disease common among
workers in phosphorus, giving rise to necrosis of the jawbone, and
other symptoms. -- Red, or Amorphous, phosphorus (Chem.), an allotropic
modification of phosphorus, obtained as a dark red powder by heating
ordinary phosphorus in closed vessels. It is not poisonous, is not
phosphorescent, and is only moderately active chemically. It is
valuable as a chemical reagent, and is used in the composition of the
friction surface on which safety matches are ignited. -- Solar
phosphori (Chem.), phosphorescent substances which shine in the dark
after exposure to the sunlight or other intense light.

<! p. 1079 !>

Phos"phor*yl (?), n. [Phosphorus + -yl.] (Chem.) The radical PO,
regarded as the typical nucleus of certain compounds.

Phos"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A phosphide. [Obsoles.]

Phos"phu*ret`ed (?), a. (Chem.) Impregnated, or combined, with
phosphorus. [Obsoles.] [Written also phosphuretted.]

Phosphureted hydrogen. (Chem.) See Phosphine.

Pho"tic (?), a. [Gr. fw^s, fwto`s, light.] (Physiol.) Relating to the
production of light by the lower animals.

Pho"tics (?), n. (Physics) The science of light; -- a general term
sometimes employed when optics is restricted to light as a producing
vision. Knight.

Pho"to (?), n.; pl. Photos (&?;). A contraction of Photograph.
[Colloq.]

Pho"to- (?). A combining form from Gr. fw^s, fwto`s, light; as,
photography, phototype, photometer.

Pho`to*bi*ot"ic (?), a. [Photo- + biotic.] (Biol.) Requiring light to
live; incapable of living without light; as, photobiotic plant cells.

Pho`to*chem"ic*al (?), a. [Photo- + chemical.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining
to chemical action of light, or produced by it; as, the photochemical
changes of the visual purple of the retina.

Pho`to*chem"is*try (?), n. [Photo-  + chemistry.] (Chem.) The branch of
chemistry which relates to the effect of light in producing chemical
changes, as in photography.

{ Pho`to*chro"mic (?), Pho`to*chro*mat"ic (?), } a. Of or pertaining to
photochromy; produced by photochromy.

Pho*toch"ro*my (?), n. [Photo- + Gr. &?; color.] The art or process of
reproducing colors by photography.

Pho"to*drome (?), n. [Photo- + Gr. &?; to run.] (Physics) An apparatus
consisting of a large wheel with spokes, which when turning very
rapidly is illuminated by momentary flashes of light passing through
slits in a rotating disk. By properly timing the succession of flashes
the wheel is made to appear to be motionless, or to rotate more or less
slowly in either direction.

Pho`to-e*lec"tric (?), a. [Photo- + electric.] Acting by the operation
of both light and electricity; -- said of apparatus for producing
pictures by electric light.

Pho`to-e*lec"tro*type (?), n. (Print.) An electrotype plate formed in a
mold made by photographing on prepared gelatine, etc.

Pho`to-en*grav"ing (?), n. [Photo-  + engraving.] The process of
obtaining an etched or engraved plate from the photographic image, to
be used in printing; also, a picture produced by such a process.

Pho`to-ep"i*nas`ty (?), n. [See Photo-, and Epinastic.] (Bot.) A
disproportionately rapid growth of the upper surface of dorsiventral
organs, such as leaves, through the stimulus of exposure to light.
Encyc. Brit.

Pho`to*gal`va*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + galvanography.] The art or
process of making photo-electrotypes. Sir D. Brewster.

Pho"to*gen (?), n. [Photo- + - gen.] (Chem.) A light hydrocarbon oil
resembling kerosene. It is obtained by distilling coal, paraffin, etc.,
and is used as a lubricant, illuminant, etc. [Written also photogene.]

Pho"to*gene (?), n. [See Photogen.] 1. A photograph. [Obsoles.]

2. A more or less continued impression or image on the retina. H.
Spencer.

Pho`to*gen"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to photogeny; producing or
generating light.

Pho*tog"e*ny (?), n. [See Photogen.] See Photography. [Obsoles.]

Pho`to*glyph"ic (?), a. [Photo- + Gr. &?; to engrave.] Pertaining to
the art of engraving by the action of light. [Written also
photoglyptic.]

Photoglyphic engraving, a process of etching on copper, steel, or zinc,
by means of the action of light and certain chemicals, so that from the
plate impressions may be taken. Sir D. Brewster.

Pho*tog"ly*phy (?), n. Photoglyphic engraving. See under Photoglyphic.

Pho`to*glyp"tic (?), a. Same as Photoglyphic.

Pho"to*gram (?), n. [Photo- + -gram.] A photograph. [R.]

Pho"to*graph (?), n. [Photo- + -graph.] A picture or likeness obtained
by photography.

Pho"to*graph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Photographed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Photographing (?).] To take a picture or likeness of by means of
photography; as, to photograph a view; to photograph a group.

    He makes his pen drawing on white paper, and they are afterwards
    photographed on wood.


Hamerton.

Also used figuratively.

    He is photographed on my mind.


Lady D. Hardy.

Pho"to*graph, v. i. To practice photography; to take photographs.

Pho*tog"ra*pher (?), n. One who practices, or is skilled in,
photography.

{ Pho`to*graph"ic (?), Pho`to*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F.
photographique.] Of or pertaining to photography; obtained by
photography; used ib photography; as a photographic picture; a
photographic camera. -- Pho`to*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Photographic printing, the process of obtaining pictures, as on
chemically prepared paper, from photographic negatives, by exposure to
light.

Pho*tog"ra*phist (?), n. A photographer.

Pho*tog"ra*phom"e*ter (?), n. [Photograph + -meter.] (Photog.) An
instrument for determining the sensibility of the plates employed in
photographic processes to luminous rays.

Pho*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + -graphy: cf. F. photographie.] 1. The
science which relates to the action of light on sensitive bodies in the
production of pictures, the fixation of images, and the like.

2. The art or process of producing pictures by this action of light.

The well-focused optical image is thrown on a surface of metal, glass,
paper, or other suitable substance, coated with collodion or gelatin,
and sensitized with the chlorides, bromides, or iodides of silver, or
other salts sensitive to light. The exposed plate is then treated with
reducing agents, as pyrogallic acid, ferrous sulphate, etc., to develop
the latent image. The image is then fixed by washing off the excess of
unchanged sensitive salt with sodium hyposulphite (thiosulphate) or
other suitable reagents.

Pho`to*grav"ure (?), n. [F.] A photoengraving; also, the process by
which such a picture is produced.

Pho`to*he"li*o*graph (?), n. [Photo-  + heliograph.] (Physics) A
modified kind of telescope adapted to taking photographs of the sun.

Pho`to*lith"o*graph (?), n. [Photo-  + lithograph.] A lithographic
picture or copy from a stone prepared by the aid of photography.

Pho`to*lith"o*graph, v. t. To produce (a picture, a copy) by the
process of photolithography.

Pho`to*li*thog"ra*pher (?), n. One who practices, or one who employs,
photolithography.

Pho`to*lith`o*graph"ic (?), n. Of or pertaining to photolithography;
produced by photolithography.

Pho`to*li*thog"ra*phy (?), n. The art or process of producing
photolithographs.

{ Pho`to*log"ic (?), Pho`to*log"ic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to
photology, or the doctrine of light.

Pho*tol"o*gist (?), n. One who studies or expounds the laws of light.

Pho*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Photo- + -logy: cf. F. photologie.] The doctrine
or science of light, explaining its nature and phenomena; optics.

Pho`to*mag*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to photomagnetism.

Pho`to*mag"net*ism (?), n. The branch of science which treats of the
relation of magnetism to light.

Pho`to*me*chan"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or designating, any
photographic process in which a printing surface is obtained without
the intervention of hand engraving.

Pho*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Photo- + -meter: cf. F. photomËtre.] (Physics)
An instrument for measuring the intensity of light, or, more
especially, for comparing the relative intensities of different lights,
or their relative illuminating power.

{ Pho`to*met"ric (?), Pho`to*met"ric*al (?), } a. [Cf. F.
photomÈtrique.] Of or pertaining to photometry, or to a photometer.

Pho*tom`e*tri"cian (?), n. One engaged in the scientific measurement of
light.

Pho*tom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. photomÈtrie.] That branch of science
which treats of the measurement of the intensity of light.

Pho`to*mi"cro*graph (f`t*m"kr*grf), n. [Photo- + micro + -graph.] 1. An
enlarged or macroscopic photograph of a microscopic object. See
Microphotograph.

2. A microscopically small photograph of an object.

Pho`to*mi*crog"ra*phy (?), n. The art of producing photomicrographs.

Pho`to*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. fw^s, fwto`s, light + &?; fear.]
(Med.) A dread or intolerance of light. Sir T. Watson.

Pho"to*phone (?), n. [Photo- + Gr. &?; sound.] (Physics) An apparatus
for the production of sound by the action of rays of light. A. G. Bell.

Pho`to*phon"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to photophone.

Pho*toph"o*ny (?), n. The art or practice of using the photophone.

Pho*top"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. fw^s, fwto`s, light + &?; sight.]
(Med.) An affection of the eye, in which the patient perceives luminous
rays, flashes, coruscations, etc. See phosphene.

Pho*top"sy (?), n. Same as Photopsia.

Pho`to*re*lief" (?), n. A printing surface in relief, obtained by
photographic means and subsequent manipulations. Knight.

Pho"to*scope (?), n. [Photo- + -scope.] (Physics) Anything employed for
the observation of light or luminous effects.

Pho`to*scop"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the photoscope or its uses.

Pho`to*sculp"ture (?), n. [Photo- + sculpture.] A process in which, by
means of a number of photographs simultaneously taken from different
points of view on the same level, rough models of the figure or bust of
a person or animal may be made with great expedition.

Pho"to*sphere (?), n. [Photo- + sphere.] A sphere of light; esp., the
luminous envelope of the sun.

Pho`to*spher"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the photosphere.

Pho*tot"o*nus (?), n. [NL. See Photo- , and Tone.] (Bot.) A motile
condition in plants resulting from exposure to light. -- Pho`to*ton"ic
(#), a.

Pho`to*trop"ic (?), a. [Photo- + Gr. &?; to turn.] (Bot.) Same as
Heliotropic.

Pho"to*type (?), n. [Photo- + -type.] A plate or block with a printing
surface (usually in relief) obtained from a photograph; also, any one
of the many methods of processes by which such a printing surface is
obtained.

Pho`to*typ"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a phototype or phototypy.

Pho`to*ty*pog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo-  + typography.] Same as Phototypy.

Pho*tot"y*py (?), n. The art or process of producing phototypes.

Pho`to*xy*log"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo-  + xylography.] The process of
producing a representation of an object on wood, by photography, for
the use of the wood engraver.

Pho`to*zin"co*graph (?), n. A print made by photozincography. --
Pho`to*zin`co*graph"ic, a.

Pho`to*zin*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo-  + zincography.] A process,
analogous to photolithography, for reproducing photographed impressions
transferred to zinc plate.

Phrag"mo*cone (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a fence, an inclosure + &?; a
cone.] (Zoˆl.) The thin chambered shell attached to the anterior end of
a belemnite. [Written also phragmacone.]

Phrag`mo*si"phon (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The siphon of a phragmocone.

Phras"al (?), a. Of the nature of a phrase; consisting of a phrase; as,
a phrasal adverb. Earlc.

Phrase (?), n. [F., fr. L. phrasis diction, phraseology, Gr. &?;, fr.
&?; to speak.] 1. A brief expression, sometimes a single word, but
usually two or more words forming an expression by themselves, or being
a portion of a sentence; as, an adverbial phrase.

    "Convey" the wise it call. "Steal!" foh! a fico for the phrase.


Shak.

2. A short, pithy expression; especially, one which is often employed;
a peculiar or idiomatic turn of speech; as, to err is human.

3. A mode or form of speech; the manner or style in which any one
expreses himself; diction; expression. "Phrases of the hearth."
Tennyson.

    Thou speak'st In better phrase and matter than thou didst.


Shak.

4. (Mus.) A short clause or portion of a period.

A composition consists first of sentences, or periods; these are
subdivided into sections, and these into phrases.

Phrase book, a book of idiomatic phrases. J. S. Blackie.

Phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phrased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phrasing.]
[Cf. F. phraser.] To express in words, or in peculiar words; to call;
to style. "These suns -- for so they phrase 'em." Shak.

Phrase, v. i. 1. To use proper or fine phrases. [R.]

2. (Mus.) To group notes into phrases; as, he phrases well. See Phrase,
n., 4.

Phrase"less, a. Indescribable. Shak.

Phra"se*o*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?; a phrase + -gram.] (Phonography) A
symbol for a phrase.

{ Phra`se*o*log"ic (?), Phra`se*o*log"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining
to phraseology; consisting of a peculiar form of words. "This verbal or
phraseological answer." Bp. Pearson.

Phra`se*ol"o*gist (?), n. A collector or coiner of phrases.

Phra`se*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, phrase + -logy: cf. F.
phrasÈologie.] 1. Manner of expression; peculiarity of diction; style.

    Most completely national in his . . . phraseology.


I. Taylor.

2. A collection of phrases; a phrase book. [R.]

Syn. -- Diction; style. See Diction.

Phras"ing (?), n. 1. Method of expression; association of words.

2. (Mus.) The act or method of grouping the notes so as to form
distinct musical phrases.

Phra"try (?), n.; pl. Phratries (#). [Gr. &?;, &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.) A
subdivision of a phyle, or tribe, in Athens.

Phre*at"ic (?), a. [F. phrÈatique, from Gr. &?;, &?;, a well.] (Geol.)
Subterranean; -- applied to sources supplying wells.

{ Phre*net"ic (?), Phre*net"ic*al (?), } a. [L. phreneticus, Gr. &?;,
&?;: cf. F. phrÈnÈtique. See Frantic, and cf. Frenetic.] Relating to
phrenitis; suffering from frenzy; delirious; mad; frantic; frenetic. --
Phre*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

Phre*net"ic, n. One who is phrenetic. Harvey.

<! p. 1080 !>

Phren"ic (?), a.[Gr. &?;, &?;, the midriff, or diaphragm, the heart,
the mind: cf. F. phrÈnique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the diaphragm;
diaphragmatic; as, the phrenic nerve.

Phren"ics (?), n. That branch of science which relates to the mind;
mental philosophy. [R.]

Phre"nism (?), n. [See Phrenic.] (Biol.) See Vital force, under Vital.

||Phre*ni"tis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;.] 1. (Med.)
||Inflammation of the brain, or of the meninges of the brain, attended
||with acute fever and delirium; -- called also cephalitis.

2. See Frenzy.

Phre"no*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, the migriff + -graph.] (Physiol.)
An instrument for registering the movements of the diaphragm, or
midriff, in respiration.

Phre*nol"o*ger (?), n. A phrenologist.

Phren`o*log"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. phrÈnologique.] Phrenological.

Phren`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to phrenology. --
Phren`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Phre*nol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. phrÈnologiste.] One versed in
phrenology; a craniologist.

Phre*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, the mind + -logy: cf. F.
phrÈnologie.] 1. The science of the special functions of the several
parts of the brain, or of the supposed connection between the various
faculties of the mind and particular organs in the brain.

2. In popular usage, the physiological hypothesis of Gall, that the
mental faculties, and traits of character, are shown on the surface of
the head or skull; craniology.

Gall marked out on his model of the head the places of twenty-six
organs, as round inclosures with vacant interspaces. Spurzheim and
Combe divided the whole scalp into oblong and conterminous patches.
Encyc. Brit.

Phre`no*mag"net*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, the mind + E. magnetism.]
The power of exciting the organs of the brain by magnetic or mesmeric
influence.

Phre"no*sin (?), n. [See Phrenic.] (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous body,
related to cerebrin, supposed to exist in the brain.

Phren"sied (?), p. p. & a. See Frenzied.

Phren"sy (?), n. Violent and irrational excitement; delirium. See
Frenzy.

Phren"sy, v. t. To render frantic.

Phren"tic (?), n. & a. See Phrenetic. [Obs.]

Phry*ga"ne*id (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any insect belonging to the Phryganeides.

||Phryg`a*ne"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Phryganea, the typical genus,
||fr. Gr. &?; a dry stick.] (Zoˆl.) A tribe of neuropterous insects
||which includes the caddice flies; -- called also Trichoptera. See
||Trichoptera. [Written also Phryganides.]

Phryg"i*an (?), a. [L. Phrygius, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; Phrygia, a country of
Asia Minor.] Of or pertaining to Phrygia, or to its inhabitants.

Phrygian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek modes, very bold and
vehement in style; -- so called because fabled to have been invented by
the Phrygian Marsyas. Moore (Encyc. of Music). -- Phrygian stone, a
light, spongy stone, resembling a pumice, -- used by the ancients in
dyeing, and said to be drying and astringent.

Phryg"i*an, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Phrygia.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) A Montanist.

Phthal"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of phthalic acid.

Phthal"e*in (?), n. [See Phthalic.] (Chem.) One of a series of
artificial organic dyes made as condensation products of the phenols
with phthalic acid, and well represented by phenol phthaleÔn. Their
alkaline solutions are fluorescent.

Phenol phthalein, a white or yellowish white crystalline substance made
from phthalic acid and phenol. Its solution in alkalies is brilliant
red, but is decolorized by acids, and as this reaction is exceedingly
delicate it is used as an indicator.

Phthal"ic (?), a. [Naphthalene + -ic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, a dibasic acid obtained by the oxidation of naphthalene
and allied substances.

Phthalic acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, C6H4.(CO2H)2,
analogous to benzoic acid, and employed in the brilliant dyestuffs
called the phthaleins.

Phthal"ide (?), n. [Phthalyl + anhydride.] (Chem.) A lactone obtained
by reduction of phthalyl chloride, as a white crystalline substance;
hence, by extension, any one of the series of which phthalide proper is
the type. [Written also phthalid.]

Phthal"i*mide (?), n. [Phthalic + imide.] (Chem.) An imido derivative
of phthalic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance,
C6H4.(CO)2NH, which has itself (like succinimide) acid properties, and
forms a series of salts. Cf. Imido acid, under Imido.

Phthal"in (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance obtained by
reduction from phthaleÔn, into which it is easily converted by
oxidation; hence, any one of the series of which phthalin proper is the
type.

Phthal"yl (?), n. [Phthalic + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical of
phthalic acid.

||Phthi*ri"a*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; louse.] (Med.) A
||disease (morbus pediculous) consisting in the excessive
||multiplication of lice on the human body.

Phthis"ic (?), n. Same as Phthisis.

Phthis"ic*al (?), a. [L. phthisicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. phthisique. See
Phthisis.] Of or pertaining to phthisis; affected with phthisis;
wasting; consumptive.

Phthis"ick*y (?), a. Having phthisis, or some symptom of it, as
difficulty in breathing.

Phthis`i*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Phthisis + -logy.] (Med.) A treatise on
phthisis. Dunglison.

{ ||Phthis`ip*neu*mo"ni*a (?), Phthis`ip*neu"mo*ny (?), } n. [NL. See
Phthisis, Pneumonia.] (Med.) Pulmonary consumption.

Phthi"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to pass or waste away: cf.
F. phthisie.] (Med.) A wasting or consumption of the tissues. The term
was formerly applied to many wasting diseases, but is now usually
restricted to pulmonary phthisis, or consumption. See Consumption.

Fibroid phthisis. See under Fibroid.

Phthon"gal (?), a. [Gr. &?; voice.] Formed into, or characterized by,
voice; vocalized; -- said of all the vowels and the semivowels, also of
the vocal or sonant consonants g, d, b, l, r, v, z, etc.

Phthon"gal, n. A vocalized element or letter.

Phthon*gom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; voice + -meter.] An instrument for
measuring vocal sounds. Whewell.

Phthor (?), n. [F. phthore, Gr. &?; to destroy.] (Old Chem.) Fluorine.
[Written also phthor.]

Phy"cite (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed.] (Chem.) See Erythrite, 1.

Phy"co*chrome (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + &?; color.] (Bot.) A bluish
green coloring matter of certain algÊ.

{ Phy`co*cy"a*nin (?), Phy`co*cy"a*nine (?), } n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + E.
cyanin.] A blue coloring matter found in certain algÊ.

{ Phy`co*e*ryth"rin (?), Phy`co*e*ryth"rine (?), } n. [Gr. &?; seaweed
+ E. erythrin, - ine.] A red coloring matter found in algÊ of the
subclass FlorideÊ.

Phy*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + -graphy.] A description of
seaweeds.

Phy*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + -logy.] The science of algÊ, or
seaweeds; algology.

||Phy`co*ma"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; seaweed + L. mater mother.]
||(Bot.) A gelatin in which the algÊ spores have been supposed to
||vegetate.

Phy`co*phÊ"ine (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + (&?;) dusky.] A brown
coloring matter found in certain algÊ.

{ Phy`co*xan"thin (?), Phy`co*xan"thine (?), } n. [Gr. &?; seaweed +
&?; yellow.] A yellowish coloring matter found in certain algÊ.

Phy*lac"ter (?), n. A phylactery. Sandys.

Phy*lac"tered (?), a. Wearing a phylactery.

{ Phyl`ac*ter"ic (?), Phyl`ac*ter"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to
phylacteries.

Phy*lac"ter*y (?), n.; pl. Phylacteries (#). [OE. filateri, OF.
filatire, filatiere, F. phylactËre, L. phylacterium, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a
watcher, guard, &?; to watch, guard. Cf. Philatory.] 1. Any charm or
amulet worn as a preservative from danger or disease.

2. A small square box, made either of parchment or of black calfskin,
containing slips of parchment or vellum on which are written the
scriptural passages Exodus xiii. 2-10, and 11-17, Deut. vi. 4-9, 13-22.
They are worn by Jews on the head and left arm, on week-day mornings,
during the time of prayer. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

3. Among the primitive Christians, a case in which the relics of the
dead were inclosed.

Phy*lac"to*carp (?), n. [Gr. &?; to guard + &?; fruit.] (Zoˆl.) A
branch of a plumularian hydroid specially modified in structure for the
protection of the gonothecÊ.

{ ||Phy*lac`to*lÊ"ma (?), ||Phy*lac`to*lÊ"ma*ta (?), } n. pl. [NL., fr.
Gr. &?; to guard + &?; the gullet.] (Zoˆl.) An order of fresh-water
Bryozoa in which the tentacles are arranged on a horseshoe-shaped
lophophore, and the mouth is covered by an epistome. Called also
Lophopoda, and hippocrepians.

Phy*lac`to*lÊ"ma*tous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the
PhylactolÊma.

{ ||Phy*lac`to*le"ma (?), ||Phy*lac`to*le"ma*ta (?), } n. pl. [NL.]
(Zoˆl.) Same as PhylactolÊma.

Phy"larch (?), n. [L. phylarchus, Gr. &?;. See Phyle, and -arch.] (Gr.
Antiq.) The chief of a phyle, or tribe.

Phy"larch*y (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] The office of a phylarch; government of
a class or tribe.

||Phy"le (?), n.; pl. PhylÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a body of men united
||by ties of blood or habitation.] A local division of the people in
||ancient Athens; a clan; a tribe.

Phyl"lite (?), n. [See Phylo-.] (Min.) (a) A mineral related to
ottrelite. (b) Clay slate; argillaceous schist.

Phyl"lo- (?). A combining form from Gr. &?; a leaf; as, phyllopod,
phyllotaxy.

||Phyl`lo*bran"chi*a (?), n.; pl. PhyllobranciÊ (#). [NL. See Phyllo-,
||and Branchia.] (Zoˆl.) A crustacean gill composed of lamellÊ.

||Phyl`lo*cla"di*um (?), n.; pl. Phyllocladia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a
||leaf + &?; a sprout.] (Bot.) A flattened stem or branch which more or
||less resembles a leaf, and performs the function of a leaf as regards
||respiration and assimilation.

Phyl`lo*cy"a*nin (?), n. [Phyllo- + cyanin.] (Chem.) A blue coloring
matter extracted from chlorophyll. [Written also phyllocyanine.]

Phyl"lo*cyst (?), n. [Phyllo- + cyst.] (Zoˆl.) The cavity of a
hydrophyllium.

Phyl"lode (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Phyllodium.

Phyl`lo*din"eous (?), a. (Bot.) Having phyllodia; relating to
phyllodia.

||Phyl*lo"di*um (?), n.; pl. Phyllodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; leaflike;
||&?; leaf + &?; form.] (Bot.) A petiole dilated into the form of a
||blade, and usually with vertical edges, as in the Australian acacias.

Phyl"lo*dy (?), n. [See Phyllodium.] (Bot.) A retrograde metamorphosis
of the floral organs to the condition of leaves.

Phyl"loid (?), a. [Phyllo- + - oid.] Resembling a leaf.

Phyl`lo*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Phyllo- + mania.] (Bot.) An abnormal or
excessive production of leaves.

Phyl"lome (?), n. [Gr. &?; foliage, fr. &?; a leaf.] (Bot.) A foliar
part of a plant; any organ homologous with a leaf, or produced by
metamorphosis of a leaf.

||Phyl`lo*mor*pho"sis (?), n. [NL. See Phyllo-, Morphosis.] (Bot.) The
||succession and variation of leaves during different seasons. R.
||Brown.

Phyl*loph"a*gan (?), n. [Phyllo- + Gr. &?; to eat.] (Zoˆl.) (a) One of
a group of marsupials including the phalangists. (b) One of a tribe of
beetles which feed upon the leaves of plants, as the chafers.

Phyl*loph"a*gous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Substituting on leaves; leaf- eating.

Phyl*loph"o*rous (?), a. [Phyllo- + Gr. &?; to bear.] (Bot.)
Leaf-bearing; producing leaves.

Phyl"lo*pod (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Phyllopoda. [Also used
adjectively.]

||Phyl*lop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a leaf + -poda.] (Zoˆl.)
||An order of Entomostraca including a large number of species, most of
||which live in fresh water. They have flattened or leaflike legs,
||often very numerous, which they use in swimming. Called also
||Branchiopoda.

In some, the body is covered with a bivalve shell (Holostraca); in
others, as Apus, by a shield-shaped carapace (Monostraca); in others,
like Artemia, there is no carapace, and the body is regularly
segmented. Sometimes the group is made to include also the Cladocera.

Phyl*lop"o*dous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Phyllopoda.

Phyl"lo*rhine (?), a. [Phyllo- + Gr. &?;, &?;, the nose.] (Zoˆl.) Of or
pertaining to Phyllorhina and other related genera of bats that have a
leaflike membrane around the nostrils.

||Phyl`lo*so"ma (?), n. [NL. See Phyllo-, and -some body.] (Zoˆl.) The
||larva of the spiny lobsters (Palinurus and allied genera). Its body
||is remarkably thin, flat, and transparent; the legs are very long.
||Called also glass-crab, and glass- shrimp.

<! p. 1081 !>

Phyl"lo*stome (fl"l*stm), n. [Phyllo- + Gr. sto`ma mouth.] (Zoˆl.) Any
bat of the genus Phyllostoma, or allied genera, having large membranes
around the mouth and nose; a nose-leaf bat.

Phyl*los"to*mid (?), n. A phyllostome.

Phyl`lo*tac"tic (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to phyllotaxy.

{ Phyl"lo*tax`y (?), Phyl"lo*tax`is (?), } n. [Phyllo- + Gr. ta`xis
order.] (Bot.) The order or arrangement of leaves on the stem; the
science of the relative position of leaves.

Phyl"lous (?), a. (Bot.) Homologous with a leaf; as, the sepals,
petals, stamens, and pistils are phyllous organs.

Phyl`lo*xan"thin (?), n. [Phyllo- + Gr. &?; yellow.] (Bot.) A yellow
coloring matter extracted from chlorophyll.

Phyl`lox*e"ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; leaf + &?; dry.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A
small hemipterous insect (Phylloxera vastatrix) allied to the aphids.
It attacks the roots and leaves of the grapevine, doing great damage,
especially in Europe.

It exists in several forms, some of which are winged, other wingless.
One form produces galls on the leaves and twigs, another affects the
roots, causing galls or swellings, and often killing the vine.

2. The diseased condition of a vine caused by the insect just
described.

{ Phy`lo*gen"e*sis (?), Phy*log"e*ny (?), } n. [Gr. &?; tribe + E.
genesis, or root of Gr. &?; to be born.] The history of genealogical
development; the race history of an animal or vegetable type; the
historic exolution of the phylon or tribe, in distinction from
ontogeny, or the development of the individual organism, and from
biogenesis, or life development generally.

Phy*lo*ge*net"ic (?), a. Relating to phylogenesis, or the race history
of a type of organism. -- Phy*lo*ge*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

||Phy"lon (?), n.; pl. Phyla (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; race, tribe.]
||(Biol.) A tribe.

||Phy"lum (?), n.; pl. Phyla (#). [NL. See Phylon.] (Zoˆl.) One of the
||larger divisions of the animal kingdom; a branch; a grand division.

||Phy"ma (?), n.; pl. Phymata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to
||produce.] (Med.) A tubercle on any external part of the body.

||Phy"sa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bellows.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of
||fresh-water Pulmonifera, having reversed spiral shells. See Pond
||snail, under Pond.

||Phy*sa"li*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bladder, fr. &?; a bellows.]
||(Zoˆl.) A genus of large oceanic Siphonophora which includes the
||Portuguese man-of- war.

It has a large air sac, or float, with a sail-like crest on its upper
side. Numerous zooids of different kinds are attached to the under side
of the float. Some of the zooids have very long tentacles; some have a
mouth and digest food; others produce gonophores. The American species
(Physalia arethusa) is brilliantly colored, the float being pink or
purple, and bright blue; the zooids blue. It is noted for its virulent
stinging powers, as well as for its beautiful colors, graceful motions,
and its ability to sail to windward.

||Phy*sa"li*Ê (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) An order of Siphonophora which
||includes Physalia.

||Phys`e*ma"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; a blowing.] (Zoˆl.) A
||group of simple marine organisms, usually classed as the lowest of
||the sponges. They have inflated hollow bodies.

Phy*se"ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to blow: cf. F.
physÈtËre.] 1. (Zoˆl.) The genus that includes the sperm whale.

2. A filtering machine operated by air pressure.

Phys`i*an"thro*py (?), n. [Gr. fy`sis nature + &?; man.] The philosophy
of human life, or the doctrine of the constitution and diseases of man,
and their remedies.

Phys"ic (?), n. [OE. phisike, fisike, OF. phisique, F. physique
knowledge of nature, physics, L. physica, physice, fr. Gr. &?;, fr.
fysiko`s natural, from fy`sis nature, fr. &?; to produce, grow, akin to
E. be. See Be, and cf. Physics, Physique.] 1. The art of healing
diseases; the science of medicine; the theory or practice of medicine.
"A doctor of physik." Chaucer.

2. A specific internal application for the cure or relief of sickness;
a remedy for disease; a medicine.

3. Specifically, a medicine that purges; a cathartic.

4. A physician. [R.] Shak.

Physic nut (Bot.), a small tropical American euphorbiaceous tree
(Jatropha Curcas), and its seeds, which are well flavored, but contain
a drastic oil which renders them dangerous if eaten in large
quantities.

Phys"ic (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Physiced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Physicking (?).] 1. To treat with physic or medicine; to administer
medicine to, esp. a cathartic; to operate on as a cathartic; to purge.

2. To work on as a remedy; to heal; to cure.

    The labor we delight in physics pain.


Shak.

    A mind diseased no remedy can physic.


Byron.

Phys"ic*al (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to nature (as including all
created existences); in accordance with the laws of nature; also, of or
relating to natural or material things, or to the bodily structure, as
opposed to things mental, moral, spiritual, or imaginary; material;
natural; as, armies and navies are the physical force of a nation; the
body is the physical part of man.

    Labor, in the physical world, is . . . employed in putting objects
    in motion.


J. S. Mill.

    A society sunk in ignorance, and ruled by mere physical force.


Macaulay.

2. Of or pertaining to physics, or natural philosophy; treating of, or
relating to, the causes and connections of natural phenomena; as,
physical science; physical laws. "Physical philosophy." Pope.

3. Perceptible through a bodily or material organization; cognizable by
the senses; external; as, the physical, opposed to chemical, characters
of a mineral.

4. Of or pertaining to physic, or the art of medicine; medicinal;
curative; healing; also, cathartic; purgative. [Obs.] "Physical herbs."
Sir T. North.

    Is Brutus sick? and is it physical To walk unbraced, and suck up
    the humors Of the dank morning?


Shak.

Physical astronomy, that part of astronomy which treats of the causes
of the celestial motions; specifically, that which treats of the
motions resulting from universal gravitation. -- Physical education,
training of the bodily organs and powers with a view to the promotion
of health and vigor. -- Physical examination (Med.), an examination of
the bodily condition of a person. -- Physical geography. See under
Geography. -- Physical point, an indefinitely small portion of matter;
a point conceived as being without extension, yet having physical
properties, as weight, inertia, momentum, etc.; a material point. --
Physical signs (Med.), the objective signs of the bodily state afforded
by a physical examination.

Phys"ic*al*ly, adv. In a physical manner; according to the laws of
nature or physics; by physical force; not morally.

    I am not now treating physically of light or colors.


Locke.

2. According to the rules of medicine. [Obs.]

    He that lives physically must live miserably.


Cheyne.

Phy*si"cian (?), n. [OE. fisician, fisicien, OF. physucien, a
physician, in F., a natural philosopher, an experimentalist in physics.
See Physic.] 1. A person skilled in physic, or the art of healing; one
duty authorized to prescribe remedies for, and treat, diseases; a
doctor of medicine.

2. Hence, figuratively, one who ministers to moral diseases; as, a
physician of the soul.

Phy*si"cianed (?), a. Licensed as a physician. [Obs.] "A physicianed
apothecary." Walpole.

Phys"i*cism (?), n. The tendency of the mind toward, or its
preoccupation with, physical phenomena; materialism in philosophy and
religion.

    Anthropomorphism grows into theology, while physicism (if I may so
    call it) develops into science.


Huxley.

Phys"i*cist (?), n. One versed in physics.

2. (Biol.) A believer in the theory that the fundamental phenomena of
life are to be explained upon purely chemical and physical principles;
-- opposed to vitalist.

Phys"ick*ing (?), p. pr. & vb. n. fr. Physic, v. t.

Phys"i*co- (?). [Fr. Gr. &?; natural, physical.] A combining form,
denoting relation to, or dependence upon, natural causes, or the
science of physics.

Phys`i*co*chem"ic*al (?), a. [Physico- + chemical.] Involving the
principles of both physics and chemistry; dependent on, or produced by,
the joint action of physical and chemical agencies. Huxley.

Phys`i*co*log"ic (?), n. [Physico-  + logic.] Logic illustrated by
physics.

Phys`i*co*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to physicologic. Swift.

Phys`i*col"o*gy (?), n. [Physico- + -logy.] Physics. [R.] --
Phys`i*col"o*gist (#), n. [R.]

Phys`i*co-math`e*mat"ics (?), n. [Physico- + mathematics.] Mixed
mathematics.

Phys`i*co-phi*los"o*phy (?), n. [Physico- + philosophy.] The philosophy
of nature.

Phys`i*co-the*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Physico- + theology.] Theology or
divinity illustrated or enforced by physics or natural philosophy.

Phys"ics (?), n. [See Physic.] The science of nature, or of natural
objects; that branch of science which treats of the laws and properties
of matter, and the forces acting upon it; especially, that department
of natural science which treats of the causes (as gravitation, heat,
light, magnetism, electricity, etc.) that modify the general properties
of bodies; natural philosophy.

Chemistry, though a branch of general physics, is commonly treated as a
science by itself, and the application of physical principles which it
involves constitute a branch called chemical physics, which treats more
especially of those physical properties of matter which are used by
chemists in defining and distinguishing substances.

Phys"i*o*crat (?), n. [Gr. fy`sis nature + &?; to rule.] One of the
followers of Quesnay of France, who, in the 18th century, founded a
system of political economy based upon the supremacy of natural order.
F. A. Walker. -- Phys`i*o*crat"ic (#), a.

Phys`i*og"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. fy`sis nature + root of &?; to be born.]
(Biol.) The germ history of the functions, or the history of the
development of vital activities, in the individual, being one of the
branches of ontogeny. See Morphogeny. Haeckel.

Phys`i*og"no*mer (?), n. Physiognomist.

{ Phys`i*og*nom"ic (?), Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F.
physiognomonique.] Of or pertaining to physiognomy; according with the
principles of physiognomy. -- Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al*ly, adv.

Phys`i*og*nom"ist (?), n. Same as Physiognomy, 1.

Phys`i*og"no*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. physiognomiste.] 1. One skilled in
physiognomy. Dryden.

2. One who tells fortunes by physiognomy. Holland.

Phys`i*og"no*mize (?), v. t. To observe and study the physiognomy of.
[R.] Southey.

Phys`i*og`no*mmon"ic (?), a. Physiognomic.

Phys`i*og"no*my (?), n.; pl. Physiognomies (#). [OE. fisonomie,
phisonomie, fisnamie, OF. phisonomie, F. physiognomie, physiognomonie,
from Gr. &?;; fy`sis nature + &?; one who knows or examines, a judge,
fr. &?;, &?;, to know. See Physic, and Know, and cf. Phiz.] 1. The art
and science of discovering the predominant temper, and other
characteristic qualities of the mind, by the outward appearance,
especially by the features of the face.

2. The face or countenance, with respect to the temper of the mind;
particular configuration, cast, or expression of countenance, as
denoting character.

3. The art telling fortunes by inspection of the features. [Obs.] Bale.

4. The general appearance or aspect of a thing, without reference to
its scientific characteristics; as, the physiognomy of a plant, or of a
meteor.

Phys`i*og"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. fy`sis nature + go`nos birth.] The birth of
nature. [R.] Coleridge.

{ Phys`i*o*graph"ic (?), Phys`i*o*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F.
physiographique.] Of or pertaining to physiography.

Phys`i*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. fy`sis nature + -graphy: cf. F.
physiographie.] The science which treats of the earth's exterior
physical features, climate, life, etc., and of the physical movements
or changes on the earth's surface, as the currents of the atmosphere
and ocean, the secular variations in heat, moisture, magnetism, etc.;
physical geography.

Phys`i*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. fy`sis nature + &?; service.] The worship
of the powers or agencies of nature; materialism in religion; nature
worship. "The physiolatry of the Vedas." M. Williams.

Phys`i*ol"o*ger (?), n. A physiologist.

Phys`i*o*log"ic (?), a. [L. physiologicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F.
physiologique.] Physiological.

Phys`i*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to physiology; relating to
the science of the functions of living organism; as, physiological
botany or chemistry.

Phys`i*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In a physiological manner.

Phys`i*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. physiologiste.] One who is versed in
the science of physiology; a student of the properties and functions of
animal and vegetable organs and tissues.

Phys`i*ol"o*gize (?), v. i. To speculate in physiology; to make
physiological investigations. Cudworth.

Phys`i*ol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Physiologies (#). [L. physiologia, Gr. &?;;
fy`sis nature + &?; discourse: cf. F. physiologie.] 1. The science
which treats of the phenomena of living organisms; the study of the
processes incidental to, and characteristic of, life.

It is divided into animal and vegetable physiology, dealing with animal
and vegetable life respectively. When applied especially to a study of
the functions of the organs and tissues in man, it is called human
physiology.

2. A treatise on physiology.

Mental physiology, the science of the functions and phenomena of the
mind, as distinguished from a philosophical explanation of the same.

Phys`i*oph"y*ly (?), n. [Gr. fy`sis nature + &?; a clan.] (Biol.) The
tribal history of the functions, or the history of the paleontological
development of vital activities, -- being a branch of phylogeny. See
Morphophyly. Haeckel.

Phy*sique" (?), n. [F. See Physic.] The natural constitution, or
physical structure, of a person.

    With his white hair and splendid physique.


Mrs. Stowe.

Phys"no*my (?), n. Physiogmony. [Obs.]

Phys"o*clist, n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Physoclisti.

||Phys`o*clis"ti (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bellows + &?; to
||close.] (Zoˆl.) An order of teleost in which the air bladder has no
||opening.

Phys"o*grade (?), n. [Gr. &?; a bellows + L. gradi to walk, go.]
(Zoˆl.) Any siphonophore which has an air sac for a float, as the
Physalia.

||Phy*soph"o*rÊ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bellows + &?; to bear.]
||(Zoˆl.) An order of Siphonophora, furnished with an air sac, or
||float, and a series of nectocalyces. See Illust. under Nectocalyx.

Phy"so*pod (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Physopoda; a thrips.

||Phy*sop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bellows + -poda.]
||(Zoˆl.) Same as Thysanoptera.

Phy`so*stig"mine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean
(the seed of Physostigma venenosum), and extracted as a white,
tasteless, substance, amorphous or crystalline; -- formerly called
eserine, with which it was regarded as identical.

||Phy*sos"to*mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bellows + &?; mouth.]
||(Zoˆl.) An order of fishes in which the air bladder is provided with
||a duct, and the ventral fins, when present, are abdominal. It
||includes the salmons, herrings, carps, catfishes, and others.

<! p. 1082 !>

Phy*sos"to*mous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) (a) Having a duct to the air bladder.
(b) Pertaining to the Physostomi.

||Phy*tel"e*phas (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a plant + &?; the elephant;
||also, ivory.] (Bot.) A genus of South American palm trees, the seeds
||of which furnish the substance called vegetable ivory.

Phy*tiv"o*rous (?), a. [Phyto- + L. vorare to eat greedily.] Feeding on
plants or herbage; phytophagous; as, phytivorous animals. Ray.

Phy"to- (?). [See Physic.] A combining form from Gr. fyto`n a plant;
as, phytochemistry, phytography.

Phy`to*chem"ic*al (?), a. Relating to phytochemistry. R. Hunt.

Phy"to*chem"is*try (?), n. [Phyto-  + chemistry.] Chemistry in its
relation to vegetable bodies; vegetable chemistry. R. Hunt.

Phy*toch"i*my (?), n. [F. phytochimie; Gr. &?; a plant + F. chimie
chemistry.] Phytochemistry. [Obsoles.]

{ Phy`to*gen"e*sis (?), Phy*tog"e*ny (?), } n. [Phyto- + genesis, or
root of Gr. &?; to be born.] The doctrine of the generation of plants.

Phy`to*ge"o*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to phytogeography.

Phy`to*ge*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Phyto-  + geography.] The geographical
distribution of plants.

Phy`to*glyph"ic (?), a. Relating to phytoglyphy.

Phy*tog"ly*phy (?), n. [Phyto- + Gr. &?; to engrave.] See Nature
printing, under Nature.

Phy`to*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. phytographique.] Of or pertaining to
phytography.

Phy*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Phyto- + -graphy: cf. F. phytographie.] The
science of describing plants in a systematic manner; also, a
description of plants.

Phy"toid (?), a. [Phyto- + - oid.] Resembling a plant; plantlike.

||Phy`to*lac"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; plant + It. lacca lac.]
||(Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants, some of them having berries
||which abound in intensely red juice; poke, or pokeweed.

Phy"to*lite (?), n. [Phyto- + -lite: cf. F. phytolithe.] An old name
for a fossil plant.

Phy`to*li*thol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in phytolithology; a
paleobotanist.

Phy`to*li*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Phyto-  + lithology.] The branch of
science which treats of fossil plants; -- usually called paleobotany,
sometimes paleophytology.

Phy`to*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. phytologique.] Of or pertaining to
phytology; botanical.

Phy*tol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in phytology; a writer on plants; a
botanist. Evelyn.

Phy*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Phyto- + -logy: cf. F. phytologie.] The science
of plants; a description of the kinds and properties of plants; botany.
Sir T. Browne.

{ Phy"to*mer (?), Phy*tom"e*ron (?), } n. [NL. phytomeron, fr. Gr. &?;
plant + &?; share.] (Bot.) An organic element of a flowering plant; a
phyton.

||Phy"ton (?), n.; pl. Phytons (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; plant.] (Bot.)
||One of the parts which by their repetition make up a flowering plant,
||each being a single joint of a stem with its leaf or leaves; a
||phytomer.

Phy*ton"o*my (?), n. [Phyto- + Gr. &?; law: cf. F. phytonomie.] The
science of the origin and growth of plants.

Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in diseases of plants.

Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Phyto-  + pathology.] The science of
diseases to which plants are liable.

||Phy*toph"a*ga (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a plant + &?; to eat.]
||(Zoˆl.) A division of Hymenoptera; the sawflies.

Phy`to*phag"ic (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Phytophagous.

Phy*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Phyto- + Gr. &?; to eat.] (Zoˆl.) Feeding on
plants; herbivorous; as, a phytophagous animal.

Phy*toph"a*gy (?), n. The eating of plants.

Phy`to*phys`i*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Phyto-  + physiology.] Vegetable
physiology.

Phy*tot"o*mist (?), n. One versed in phytotomy.

Phy*tot"o*my (?), n. [Phyto- + Gr. &?; to cut.] The dissection of
plants; vegetable anatomy.

||Phy`to*zo*a"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Phytozoˆn.] (Zoˆl.) Same as
||Infusoria.

||Phy`to*zo"ˆn (?), n.; pl. Phytozoa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; + &?; an
||animal.] (Zoˆl.) A plantlike animal. The term is sometimes applied to
||zoˆphytes.

Phyz (?), n. See Phiz.

Pi (?), n. [See Pica, Pie magpie, service-book.] (Print.) A mass of
type confusedly mixed or unsorted. [Written also pie.]

Pi, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pieing (?).] (Print.)
To put into a mixed and disordered condition, as type; to mix and
disarrange the type of; as, to pi a form. [Written also pie.]

Pi*aÁ"a*ba (?), n. See Piassava.

Pi"a*cle (?), n. [L. piaculum a propitiatory sacrifice, that which
requires expiation, a wicked action, fr. piare to appease, to expiate,
pius pious.] A heinous offense which requires expiation. [R.] Howell.

Pi*ac"u*lar (?), a. [L. piacularis: cf. F. piaculaire.] 1. Expiatory;
atoning. Sir G. C. Lewis.

2. Requiring expiation; criminal; atrociously bad. "Piacular
pollution." De Quincey.

Pi*ac`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being piacular;
criminality; wickedness. De Quincey.

Pi*ac"u*lous (?), a. Same as Piacular.

Pi"al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the pia mater.

||Pi"a ma"ter (?). [NL., fr. L. pia (fem. of pius tender, kind) + mater
||mother.] (Anat.) The delicate and highly vascular membrane
||immediately investing the brain and spinal cord.

||Pian (?), n. [Pg. pian, epian, or. Sp. pian; from the native name in
||South America: cf. F. pian.] (Med.) The yaws. See Yaws.

Pi"a*net` (?), n. [Cf. Pie magpie.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The magpie. [Written
also pianate, and pyenate.] (b) The lesser woodpecker. [Obs.] Bailey.

Pi*a*nette" (?), n. [Dim. of piano.] (Mus.) A small piano; a pianino.

||Pi`a*ni"no (?), n. [It., dim. of piano, adj. See Piano.] (Mus.) A
||pianette, or small piano.

||Pi`a*nis"si*mo (?), a.[It., superl. of piano.] (Mus.) Very soft; -- a
||direction to execute a passage as softly as possible. (Abbrev. pp.)

Pi*an"ist (?), n. [Cf. F. pianiste, It. pianista.] A performer, esp. a
skilled performer, on the piano.

||Pi*a"no (?), a. & adv. [It., even, smooth, soft, fr. L. planus even,
||level.] (Mus.) Soft; -- a direction to the performer to execute a
||certain passage softly, and with diminished volume of tone. (Abbrev.
||p.)

{ Pi*an"o (?), Pi*an"o*for`te (?), } n. [It. piano soft (fr. L. planus
even, smooth; see Plain, a.) + It. forte strong, fr. L. fortis (see
Fort).] (Mus.) A well-known musical instrument somewhat resembling the
harpsichord, and consisting of a series of wires of graduated length,
thickness, and tension, struck by hammers moved by keys.

Dumb piano. See Digitorium. -- Grand piano. See under Grand. -- Square
piano, one with a horizontal frame and an oblong case. -- Upright
piano, one with an upright frame and vertical wires.

Pi*an"o*graph (?), n. [Piano + -graph.] (Mus.) A form of melodiograph
applied to a piano.

Pi"a*pec (?), n. [Cf. Pie a magpie.] (Zoˆl.) A West African pie
(Ptilostomus Senegalensis).

Pi"a*rist (?), n. [L. pius pious.] (R. C. Ch.) One of a religious order
who are the regular clerks of the Scuole Pie (religious schools), an
institute of secondary education, founded at Rome in the last years of
the 16th century. Addis & Arnold.

Pi*as"sa*va (?), n. [Pg. piasaba.] A fibrous product of two Brazilian
palm trees (Attalea funifera and Leopoldinia Piassaba), -- used in
making brooms, and for other purposes. Called also piaÁaba and piasaba.

Pi*as"ter (?), n. [F. piastre, It. piastra a thin plate of metal, a
dollar, LL. piastra, fr. L. emplastrum. See Plaster.] A silver coin of
Spain and various other countries. See Peso. The Spanish piaster
(commonly called peso, or peso duro) is of about the value of the
American dollar. The Italian piaster, or scudo, was worth from 80 to
100 cents. The Turkish and Egyptian piasters are now worth about four
and a half cents.

Pi*as"tre (?), n. See Piaster.

Pi*a"tion (?), n. [L. piatio. See Piacle.] The act of making atonement;
expiation. [Obs.]

||Pi*at"ti (?), n. pl. [It., prop., plates.] (Mus.) Cymbals. [Written
||also pyatti.]

Pi*az"za (?), n.; pl. Piazzas (#). [It., place, square, market place,
L. platea street, courtyard. See Place.] An open square in a European
town, especially an Italian town; hence (Arch.), an arcaded and roofed
gallery; a portico. In the United States the word is popularly applied
to a veranda.

    We walk by the obelisk, and meditate in piazzas.


Jer. Taylor.

Pib"corn` (?), n. [W. pib pipe + corn horn.] (Mus.) A wind instrument
or pipe, with a horn at each end, -- used in Wales.

Pi"broch (?), n. [Gael. piobaireachd pipe music, fr. piobair a piper,
fr. pioba pipe, bagpipe, from English. See Pipe, n.] A Highland air,
suited to the particular passion which the musician would either excite
or assuage; generally applied to those airs that are played on the
bagpipe before the Highlanders when they go out to battle. Jamieson.

Pic (?), n. [Cf. F. pic.] A Turkish cloth measure, varying from 18 to
28 inches.

Pi"ca (?), n. [L. pica a pie, magpie; in sense 3 prob. named from some
resemblance to the colors of the magpie. Cf. Pie magpie.] 1. (Zoˆl.)
The genus that includes the magpies.

2. (Med.) A vitiated appetite that craves what is unfit for food, as
chalk, ashes, coal, etc.; chthonophagia.

3. (R. C. Ch.) A service-book. See Pie. [Obs.]

4. (Print.) A size of type next larger than small pica, and smaller
than English.

This line is printed in pica

Pica is twice the size of nonpareil, and is used as a standard of
measurement in casting leads, cutting rules, etc., and also as a
standard by which to designate several larger kinds of type, as double
pica, two-line pica, four-line pica, and the like.

Small pica (Print.), a size of type next larger than long primer, and
smaller than pica.

This line is printed in small pica

||Pic`a*dor" (?), n. [Sp.] A horseman armed with a lance, who in a
||bullfight receives the first attack of the bull, and excites him by
||picking him without attempting to kill him.

Pic"a*mar` (?), n. [L. pix, picis, pitch + amarus bitter.] (Chem.) An
oily liquid hydrocarbon extracted from the creosote of beechwood tar.
It consists essentially of certain derivatives of pyrogallol.

Pic"a*pare (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The finfoot.

Pic"ard (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of Adamites in the
fifteenth century; -- so called from one Picard of Flanders. See
Adamite.

Pic`a*resque" (?), a. [F., fr. Sp. picaro rogue.] Applied to that class
of literature in which the principal personage is the Spanish picaro,
meaning a rascal, a knave, a rogue, an adventurer.

||Pi*ca"ri*Ê (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. picus a woodpecker.] (Zoˆl.) An
||extensive division of birds which includes the woodpeckers, toucans,
||trogons, hornbills, kingfishers, motmots, rollers, and goatsuckers.
||By some writers it is made to include also the cuckoos, swifts, and
||humming birds.

Pi*ca"ri*an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to PicariÊ. -- n. One of
the PicariÊ.

Pic`a*roon" (?), n. [Sp. picaron, aug. of picaro roguish, n., a rogue.]
One who plunders; especially, a plunderer of wrecks; a pirate; a
corsair; a marauder; a sharper. Sir W. Temple.

Pic`a*yune" (?), n. [From the language of the Caribs.] A small coin of
the value of six and a quarter cents. See Fippenny bit. [Local, U.S.]

Pic`a*yun"ish (?), a. Petty; paltry; mean; as, a picayunish business.
[Colloq. U.S.]

{ Pic"ca*dil (?), Pic`ca*dil"ly (?), } n. [OF. piccagilles the several
divisions of pieces fastened together about the brim of the collar of a
doublet, a dim. fr. Sp. picado, p. p. of picar to prick. See Pike.] A
high, stiff collar for the neck; also, a hem or band about the skirt of
a garment, -- worn by men in the 17th century.

Pic"cage (?), n. [LL. piccadium, fr. F. piquer to prick.] (O. Eng. Law)
Money paid at fairs for leave to break ground for booths. Ainsworth.

Pic"ca*lil`li (?), n. A pickle of various vegetables with pungent
species, -- originally made in the East Indies.

||Pic"co*lo (?), n. [It., small.] 1. (Mus.) A small, shrill flute, the
||pitch of which is an octave higher than the ordinary flute; an octave
||flute.

2. (Mus.) A small upright piano.

3. (Mus.) An organ stop, with a high, piercing tone.

Pice (?), n. [Hind. pais] A small copper coin of the East Indies, worth
less than a cent. Malcom.

||Pic"e*a (?), n. [L., the pitch pine, from pix, picis, pitch.] (Bot.)
||A genus of coniferous trees of the northen hemisphere, including the
||Norway spruce and the American black and white spruces. These trees
||have pendent cones, which do not readily fall to pieces, in this and
||other respects differing from the firs.

Pi"cene (?), n. [See Piceous.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon (C&?;H&?;)
extracted from the pitchy residue of coal tar and petroleum as a bluish
fluorescent crystalline substance.

Pic"e*ous (?), a. [L. piceus, fr. pix, picis, pitch.] Of or pertaining
to pitch; resembling pitch in color or quality; pitchy.

Pi"chey (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoˆl.) A Brazilian armadillo (Dasypus
minutus); the little armadillo. [Written also pichiy.]

||Pi`chi*ci*a"go (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoˆl.) A small, burrowing,
||South American edentate (Chlamyphorus truncatus), allied to the
||armadillos. The shell is attached only along the back. [Written also
||pichyciego.]

Pich"u*rim bean` (?). (Bot.) The seed of a Brazilian lauraceous tree
(Nectandra Puchury) of a taste and smell between those of nutmeg and of
sassafras, -- sometimes used medicinally. Called also sassafras nut.

||Pi"ci (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. picus a woodpecker.] (Zoˆl.) A
||division of birds including the woodpeckers and wrynecks.

Pi"ci*form (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to Piciformes.

||Pic`i*for"mes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Picus, and -Form.] (Zoˆl.) A group
||of birds including the woodpeckers, toucans, barbets, colies,
||kingfishes, hornbills, and some other related groups.

Pi"cine (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the woodpeckers (Pici), or
to the Piciformes.

Pick (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Picking.]
[OE. picken, pikken, to prick, peck; akin to Icel. pikka, Sw. picka,
Dan. pikke, D. pikken, G. picken, F. piquer, W. pigo. Cf. Peck, v.,
Pike, Pitch to throw.] 1. To throw; to pitch. [Obs.]

    As high as I could pick my lance.


Shak.

2. To peck at, as a bird with its beak; to strike at with anything
pointed; to act upon with a pointed instrument; to pierce; to prick, as
with a pin.

3. To separate or open by means of a sharp point or points; as, to pick
matted wool, cotton, oakum, etc.

4. To open (a lock) as by a wire.

5. To pull apart or away, especially with the fingers; to pluck; to
gather, as fruit from a tree, flowers from the stalk, feathers from a
fowl, etc.

6. To remove something from with a pointed instrument, with the
fingers, or with the teeth; as, to pick the teeth; to pick a bone; to
pick a goose; to pick a pocket.

    Did you pick Master Slender's purse?


Shak.

    He picks clean teeth, and, busy as he seems With an old tavern
    quill, is hungry yet.


Cowper.

7. To choose; to select; to separate as choice or desirable; to cull;
as, to pick one's company; to pick one's way; -- often with out. "One
man picked out of ten thousand." Shak.

8. To take up; esp., to gather from here and there; to collect; to
bring together; as, to pick rags; -- often with up; as, to pick up a
ball or stones; to pick up information.

9. To trim. [Obs.] Chaucer.

To pick at, to tease or vex by pertinacious annoyance. -- To pick a
bone with. See under Bone. -- To pick a thank, to curry favor. [Obs.]
Robynson (More's Utopia). -- To pick off. (a) To pluck; to remove by
picking. (b) To shoot or bring down, one by one; as, sharpshooters pick
off the enemy. -- To pick out. (a) To mark out; to variegate; as, to
pick out any dark stuff with lines or spots of bright colors. (b) To
select from a number or quantity. -- To pick to pieces, to pull apart
piece by piece; hence [Colloq.], to analyze; esp., to criticize in
detail. -- To pick a quarrel, to give occasion of quarrel
intentionally. -- To pick up. (a) To take up, as with the fingers. (b)
To get by repeated efforts; to gather here and there; as, to pick up a
livelihood; to pick up news.

<! p. 1083 !>

Pick (?), v. i. 1. To eat slowly, sparingly, or by morsels; to nibble.

    Why stand'st thou picking? Is thy palate sore?


Dryden.

2. To do anything nicely or carefully, or by attending to small things;
to select something with care.

3. To steal; to pilfer. "To keep my hands from picking and stealing."
Book of Com. Prayer.

To pick up, to improve by degrees; as, he is picking up in health or
business. [Colloq. U.S.]

Pick, n. [F. pic a pickax, a pick. See Pick, and cf. Pike.] 1. A
sharp-pointed tool for picking; -- often used in composition; as, a
toothpick; a picklock.

2. (Mining & Mech.) A heavy iron tool, curved and sometimes pointed at
both ends, wielded by means of a wooden handle inserted in the middle,
-- used by quarrymen, roadmakers, etc.; also, a pointed hammer used for
dressing millstones.

3. A pike or spike; the sharp point fixed in the center of a buckler.
[Obs.] "Take down my buckler . . . and grind the pick on 't." Beau. &
Fl.

4. Choice; right of selection; as, to have one's pick.

    France and Russia have the pick of our stables.


Ld. Lytton.

5. That which would be picked or chosen first; the best; as, the pick
of the flock.

6. (Print.) A particle of ink or paper imbedded in the hollow of a
letter, filling up its face, and occasioning a spot on a printed sheet.
MacKellar.

7. (Painting) That which is picked in, as with a pointed pencil, to
correct an unevenness in a picture.

8. (Weawing) The blow which drives the shuttle, -- the rate of speed of
a loom being reckoned as so many picks per minute; hence, in describing
the fineness of a fabric, a weft thread; as, so many picks to an inch.

Pick dressing (Arch.), in cut stonework, a facing made by a pointed
tool, leaving the surface in little pits or depressions. -- Pick
hammer, a pick with one end sharp and the other blunt, used by miners.

Pick"a*back` (?), adv. On the back or shoulders; as, to ride pickback.
[Written also pickapack, pickback, and pickpack.]

    A woman stooping to take a child pickaback.


R,Jefferies.

Pick"a*nin`ny (?), n.; pl. Pickaninnies (#). [Cf. Sp. pequeÒo little,
young.] A small child; especially, a negro or mulatto infant. [U.S. &
West Indies]

Pick"a*pack` (?), adv. Pickaback.

{ Pick"ax`, Pick"axe` } (?), n. [A corruption of OE. pikois, pikeis, F.
picois, fr. pic. See Pick, n.] A pick with a point at one end, a
transverse edge or blade at the other, and a handle inserted at the
middle; a hammer with a flattened end for driving wedges and a pointed
end for piercing as it strikes. Shak.

Pick"back` (?), adv. On the back.

Pick"ed (?), a. 1. Pointed; sharp. "Picked and polished." Chapman.

    Let the stake be made picked at the top.


Mortimer.

2. (Zoˆl.) Having a pike or spine on the back; -- said of certain
fishes.

3. Carefully selected; chosen; as, picked men.

4. Fine; spruce; smart; precise; dianty. [Obs.] Shak.

Picked dogfish. (Zoˆl.) See under Dogfish. -- Picked out, ornamented or
relieved with lines, or the like, of a different, usually a lighter,
color; as, a carriage body dark green, picked out with red.

Pick"ed*ness (?), n. 1. The state of being sharpened; pointedness.

2. Fineness; spruceness; smartness. [Obs.]

    Too much pickedness is not manly.


B. Jonson.

Pick*eer" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pickeered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pickeering.] [F. picorer to go marauding, orig., to go to steal cattle,
ultimately fr. L. pecus, pecoris, cattle; cf. F. picorÈe, Sp. pecorea
robbery committed by straggling soldiers.] To make a raid for booty; to
maraud; also, to skirmish in advance of an army. See Picaroon. [Obs.]
Bp. Burnet.

Pick*eer"er (?), n. One who pickeers. [Obs.]

Pick"er (?), n. [From Pick.] 1. One who, or that which, picks, in any
sense, - - as, one who uses a pick; one who gathers; a thief; a pick; a
pickax; as, a cotton picker. "Pickers and stealers." Shak.

2. (Mach.) A machine for picking fibrous materials to pieces so as to
loosen and separate the fiber.

3. (Weaving) The piece in a loom which strikes the end of the shuttle,
and impels it through the warp.

4. (Ordnance) A priming wire for cleaning the vent.

Pick"er*el (?), n. [Dim. of Pike.] [Written also pickerell.] 1. A young
or small pike. [Obs.]

    Bet [better] is, quoth he, a pike than a pickerel.


Chaucer.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any one of several species of freshwater fishes of the
genus Esox, esp. the smaller species. (b) The glasseye, or wall-eyed
pike. See Wall-eye.

The federation, or chain, pickerel (Esox reticulatus) and the brook
pickerel (E. Americanus) are the most common American species. They are
used for food, and are noted for their voracity. About the Great Lakes
the pike is called pickerel.

Pickerel weed (Bot.), a blue-flowered aquatic plant (Pontederia
cordata) having large arrow-shaped leaves. So called because common in
slow-moving waters where pickerel are often found.

Pick"er*ing (?), n. [Probably a corruption of Pickerel.] (Zoˆl.) The
sauger of the St.Lawrence River.

Pick"er*y (?), n. [From Pick to steal; or perhaps from Pickeer.] Petty
theft. [Scot.] Holinshed.

Pick"et (?), n. [F. piquet, properly dim. of pique spear, pike. See
Pike, and cf. Piquet.] 1. A stake sharpened or pointed, especially one
used in fortification and encampments, to mark bounds and angles; or
one used for tethering horses.

2. A pointed pale, used in marking fences.

3. [Probably so called from the picketing of the horses.] (Mil.) A
detached body of troops serving to guard an army from surprise, and to
oppose reconnoitering parties of the enemy; -- called also outlying
picket.

4. By extension, men appointed by a trades union, or other labor
organization, to intercept outsiders, and prevent them from working for
employers with whom the organization is at variance. [Cant]

5. A military punishment, formerly resorted to, in which the offender
was forced to stand with one foot on a pointed stake.

6. A game at cards. See Piquet.

Inlying picket (Mil.), a detachment of troops held in camp or quarters,
detailed to march if called upon. -- Picket fence, a fence made of
pickets. See def. 2, above. -- Picket guard (Mil.), a guard of horse
and foot, always in readiness in case of alarm. -- Picket line. (Mil.)
(a) A position held and guarded by small bodies of men placed at
intervals. (b) A rope to which horses are secured when groomed. --
Picketpin, an iron pin for picketing horses.

Pick"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Picketing.] 1.
To fortify with pointed stakes.

2. To inclose or fence with pickets or pales.

3. To tether to, or as to, a picket; as, to picket a horse.

4. To guard, as a camp or road, by an outlying picket.

5. To torture by compelling to stand with one foot on a pointed stake.
[Obs.]

Pick`e*tee" (?), n. (Bot.) See Picotee.

Pick"-fault` (?), n. One who seeks out faults.

Pick"ing, n. 1. The act of digging or breaking up, as with a pick.

2. The act of choosing, plucking, or gathering.

3. That which is, or may be, picked or gleaned.

4. Pilfering; also, that which is pilfered.

5. pl. The pulverized shells of oysters used in making walks. [Eng.]
Simmonds.

6. (Mining) Rough sorting of ore.

7. Overburned bricks. Simmonds.

Pick"ing, a. 1. Done or made as with a pointed tool; as, a picking
sound.

2. Nice; careful. [Obs.]

    was too warm on picking work to dwell.


Dryden.

Picking peg. (Weaving) See Picker, n., 3.

Pic"kle (?), n. [Obs.] See Picle.

Pic"kle, n. [Cf. D. pekel. Probably a dim. fr. Pick, v. t., alluding to
the cleaning of the fish.] 1. (a) A solution of salt and water, in
which fish, meat, etc., may be preserved or corned; brine. (b) Vinegar,
plain or spiced, used for preserving vegetables, fish, eggs, oysters,
etc.

2. Any article of food which has been preserved in brine or in vinegar.

3. (Founding) A bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc., to
remove burnt sand, scale rust, etc., from the surface of castings, or
other articles of metal, or to brighten them or improve their color.

4. A troublesome child; as, a little pickle. [Colloq.]

To be in a pickle, to be in disagreeable position; to be in a condition
of embarrassment, difficulty, or disorder. "How cam'st thou in this
pickle?" Shak. - - To put a rod in pickle, to prepare a particular
reproof, punishment, or penalty for future application.

Pic"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pickled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pickling
(?).] 1. To preserve or season in pickle; to treat with some kind of
pickle; as, to pickle herrings or cucumbers.

2. To give an antique appearance to; -- said of copies or imitations of
paintings by the old masters.

Pic"kled (?), a. Preserved in a pickle.

Pic"kle-her"ring (?), n. 1. A herring preserved in brine; a pickled
herring. [Obs.] Shak.

2. A merry-andrew; a buffoon. [Obs.] Addison.

Pic"kler (?), n. One who makes pickles.

Pick"lock` (?), n. 1. An instrument for picking locks. Shak.

2. One who picks locks; a thief. "A picklock of secrets." Jer. Taylor.

Pick"mire` (?), n. [So called from its picking its food from the mire.]
(Zoˆl.) The pewit, or black-headed gull. [Prov. Eng.]

Pick"nick (?), n. See Picnic.

Pick"pack` (?), adv. Pickaback.

Pick"pen`ny (?), n.; pl. Pickpennies (&?;). A miser; also, a sharper.
Dr. H. More.

Pick"pock`et (?), n. One who steals purses or other articles from
pockets. Bentley.

Pick"purse` (?), n. One who steals purses, or money from purses.
Latimer. Shak.

Pick"sy (?), n. See Pixy.

Pick"thank` (?), n. One who strives to put another under obligation; an
officious person; hence, a flatterer. Used also adjectively.

    Smiling pickthanks, and base newsmongers.


Shak.

Pick"tooth` (?), n. A toothpick. [Obs.] Swift.

Pi"cle (pk"'l), n. [Prob. fr. pightel or pingle.] A small piece of land
inclosed with a hedge; a close. [Obs.] [Written also pickle.]

Pic"nic (?), n. [Cf. F. piquenique. See Pick, v., and cf. Knickknack.]
Formerly, an entertainment at which each person contributed some dish
to a common table; now, an excursion or pleasure party in which the
members partake of a collation or repast (usually in the open air, and
from food carried by themselves).

Pic"nic (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Picnicked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Picnicking (?).] To go on a picnic, or pleasure excursion; to eat in
public fashion.

Pic"nick*er (?), n. One who takes part in a picnic.

Pi"coid (?), a. [Picus + - oid.] (Zoˆl.) Like or pertaining to the
Pici.

Pic"o*line (?), n. [L. pix, picis, pitch + oleum oil + -ine.] (Chem.)
Any one of three isometric bases (C6H7N) related to pyridine, and
obtained from bone oil, acrolein ammonia, and coal-tar naphtha, as
colorless mobile liquids of strong odor; -- called also methyl
pyridine.

{ Pic`o*tee" (?), Pic`o*tine" (?), } n. [F. picotÈ dotted, picked.]
(Bot.) A variety of carnation having petals of a light color variously
dotted and spotted at the edges.

Pic"quet (?), n. See Piquet.

Pi"cra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; sharp, bitter.] (Med.) The powder of
aloes with canella, formerly officinal, employed as a cathartic.

Pi"crate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of picric acid.

Pi"cric (?), a. [Gr. &?; bitter.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, a strong organic acid (called picric acid), intensely
bitter.

Picric acid is obtained by treating phenol with strong nitric acid, as
a brilliant yellow crystalline substance, C6H2(NO2)3.OH. It is used in
dyeing silk and wool, and also in the manufacture of explosives, as it
is very unstable when heated. Called also trinitrophenol, and formerly
carbazotic acid.

Pic"rite (?), n. [From Gr. &?; bitter.] (Min.) A dark green igneous
rock, consisting largely of chrysolite, with hornblende, augite,
biotite, etc.

Pic"ro*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; bitter + -lite.: cf. F. picrolithe.]
(Min.) A fibrous variety of serpentine.

Pic"ro*mel (?), n. [Gr. &?; bitter + &?; honey: cf. F. picromel.] (Old
Chem.) A colorless viscous substance having a bitter-sweet taste.

It was formerly supposed to be the essential principle of the bile, but
is now known to be a mixture, principally of salts of glycocholic and
taurocholic acids.

Pic`ro*tox"in (?), n. [Gr. &?; bitter + toxic + -in.] (Chem.) A bitter
white crystalline substance found in the cocculus indicus. It is a
peculiar poisonous neurotic and intoxicant, and consists of a mixture
of several neutral substances.

Pi"cryl (?), n. [Picric + - yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical of
picric acid, analogous to phenyl.

Pict"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to Picts; resembling the Picts. "The
Pictish peer." Byron.

Pic"to*graph (?), n. [See Picture, and -graph.] A picture or hieroglyph
representing and expressing an idea. -- Pic`to*graph"ic (#), a.

Pic*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. pictorius, fr. pictor a painter, fr. pingere
to paint. See Paint.] Of or pertaining to pictures; illustrated by
pictures; forming pictures; representing with the clearness of a
picture; as, a pictorial dictionary; a pictorial imagination.
"Pictorial rhetoric." Ruskin. -- Pic*to"ri*al*ly, adv.

{ Pic*tor"ic (?), Pic*tor"ic*al (?), } a. Pictorial. [Obs.]

Picts (?), n. pl.; sing. Pict (&?;). [L. Picti; cf. AS. Peohtas.]
(Ethnol.) A race of people of uncertain origin, who inhabited Scotland
in early times.

||Pic*tu"ra (?), n. [L., a painting.] (Zoˆl.) Pattern of coloration.

Pic"tur*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being pictured, or represented by a
picture.

Pic"tur*al (?), a. Pictorial. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

Pic"tur*al, n. A picture. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pic"ture (?), n. [L. pictura, fr. pingere, pictum, to paint: cf. F.
peinture. See Paint.] 1. The art of painting; representation by
painting. [Obs.]

    Any well-expressed image . . . either in picture or sculpture.


Sir H. Wotton.

2. A representation of anything (as a person, a landscape, a building)
upon canvas, paper, or other surface, produced by means of painting,
drawing, engraving, photography, etc.; a representation in colors. By
extension, a figure; a model.

    Pictures and shapes are but secondary objects.


Bacon.

    The young king's picture . . . in virgin wax.


Howell.

3. An image or resemblance; a representation, either to the eye or to
the mind; that which, by its likeness, brings vividly to mind some
other thing; as, a child is the picture of his father; the man is the
picture of grief.

    My eyes make pictures when they are shut.


Coleridge.

Picture is often used adjectively, or in forming self-explaining
compounds; as, picture book or picture- book, picture frame or
picture-frame, picture seller or picture-seller, etc.

Picture gallery, a gallery, or large apartment, devoted to the
exhibition of pictures. -- Picture red, a rod of metal tube fixed to
the walls of a room, from which pictures are hung. -- Picture writing.
(a) The art of recording events, or of expressing messages, by means of
pictures representing the actions or circumstances in question. Tylor.
(b) The record or message so represented; as, the picture writing of
the American Indians.

Syn. -- Picture, Painting. Every kind of representation by drawing or
painting is a picture, whether made with oil colors, water colors,
pencil, crayons, or India ink; strictly, a painting is a picture made
by means of colored paints, usually applied moist with a brush.

Pic"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pictured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Picturing.]
To draw or paint a resemblance of; to delineate; to represent; to form
or present an ideal likeness of; to bring before the mind. "I . . . do
picture it in my mind." Spenser.

    I have not seen him so pictured.


Shak.

Pic"tured (?), a. Furnished with pictures; represented by a picture or
pictures; as, a pictured scene.

<! p. 1084 !>

Pic"tur*er (?), n. One who makes pictures; a painter. [R.] Fuller.

Pic`tur*esque" (?), a. [It. pittoresco: cf. F. pittoresque. See
Pictorial.] Forming, or fitted to form, a good or pleasing picture;
representing with the clearness or ideal beauty appropriate to a
picture; expressing that peculiar kind of beauty which is agreeable in
a picture, natural or artificial; graphic; vivid; as, a picturesque
scene or attitude; picturesque language.

    What is picturesque as placed in relation to the beautiful and the
    sublime? It is . . . the characteristic pushed into a sensible
    excess.


De Quincey.

-- Pic`tur*esque"ly, adv. -- Pic`tur*esque"ness, n.

Pic`tur*esqu"ish, a. Somewhat picturesque. [R.]

Pic"tur*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picturized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Picturizing.] [R.] 1. To picture.

2. To adorn with pictures.

Pic"ul (?), n. [Jav. & Malay pikul, fr. pikul to carry on the back, to
carry a burden; n., a man's burden.] A commercial weight varying in
different countries and for different commodities. In Borneo it is 135
lbs.; in China and Sumatra, 133Ω lbs.; in Japan, 133 lbs.; but
sometimes 130 lbs., etc. Called also, by the Chinese, tan. [Written
also pecul, and pecal.]

Pic"u*let (?), n. [Dim. of Picus.] (Zoˆl.) Any species of very small
woodpeckers of the genus Picumnus and allied genera. Their tail
feathers are not stiff and sharp at the tips, as in ordinary
woodpeckers.

||Pi"cus (?), n.; pl. Pici (#). [L., a woodpecker.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of
||woodpeckers, including some of the common American and European
||species.

Pid"dle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Piddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piddling
(?).] [Cf. dial. Sw. pittla to keep picking at, Sw. peta to pick.] 1.
To deal in trifles; to concern one's self with trivial matters rather
than with those that are important. Ascham.

2. To be squeamishly nice about one's food. Swift.

3. To urinate; -- child's word.

Pid"dler (?), n. One who piddles.

Pid"dling (?), a.Trifling; trivial; frivolous; paltry; -- applied to
persons and things.

    The ignoble hucksterage of piddling tithes.


Milton.

Pid"dock (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) Any species of Pholas; a
pholad. See Pholas.

Pie (?), n. [OE. pie, pye; cf. Ir. & Gael. pighe pie, also Gael. pige
an earthen jar or pot. Cf. Piggin.] 1. An article of food consisting of
paste baked with something in it or under it; as, chicken pie; venison
pie; mince pie; apple pie; pumpkin pie.

2. See Camp, n., 5. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Pie crust, the paste of a pie.

Pie, n. [F. pie, L. pica; cf. picus woodpecker, pingere to paint; the
bird being perhaps named from its colors. Cf. Pi, Paint, Speight.] 1.
(Zoˆl.) (a) A magpie. (b) Any other species of the genus Pica, and of
several allied genera. [Written also pye.]

2. (R. C. Ch.) The service book.

3. (Pritn.) Type confusedly mixed. See Pi.

By cock and pie, an adjuration equivalent to "by God and the service
book." Shak. -- Tree pie (Zoˆl.), any Asiatic bird of the genus
Dendrocitta, allied to the magpie. -- Wood pie. (Zoˆl.) See French pie,
under French.

Pie, v. t. See Pi.

Pie"bald` (?), a. [Pie the party- colored bird + bald.] 1. Having spots
and patches of black and white, or other colors; mottled; pied. "A
piebald steed of Thracian strain." Dryden.

2. Fig.: Mixed. "Piebald languages." Hudibras.

Piece (?), n. [OE. pece, F. piËce, LL. pecia, petia, petium, probably
of Celtic origin; cf. W. peth a thing, a part, portion, a little,
Armor. pez, Gael. & Ir. cuid part, share. Cf. Petty.] 1. A fragment or
part of anything separated from the whole, in any manner, as by
cutting, splitting, breaking, or tearing; a part; a portion; as, a
piece of sugar; to break in pieces.

    Bring it out piece by piece.


Ezek. xxiv. 6.

2. A definite portion or quantity, as of goods or work; as, a piece of
broadcloth; a piece of wall paper.

3. Any one thing conceived of as apart from other things of the same
kind; an individual article; a distinct single effort of a series; a
definite performance; especially: (a) A literary or artistic
composition; as, a piece of poetry, music, or statuary. (b) A musket,
gun, or cannon; as, a battery of six pieces; a following piece. (c) A
coin; as, a sixpenny piece; -- formerly applied specifically to an
English gold coin worth 22 shillings. (d) A fact; an item; as, a piece
of news; a piece of knowledge.

4. An individual; -- applied to a person as being of a certain nature
or quality; often, but not always, used slightingly or in contempt. "If
I had not been a piece of a logician before I came to him." Sir P.
Sidney.

    Thy mother was a piece of virtue.


Shak.

    His own spirit is as unsettled a piece as there is in all the
    world.


Coleridge.

5. (Chess) One of the superior men, distinguished from a pawn.

6. A castle; a fortified building. [Obs.] Spenser.

Of a piece, of the same sort, as if taken from the same whole; like; --
sometimes followed by with. Dryden. -- Piece of eight, the Spanish
piaster, formerly divided into eight reals. -- To give a piece of one's
mind to, to speak plainly, bluntly, or severely to (another).
Thackeray. -- Piece broker, one who buys shreds and remnants of cloth
to sell again. -- Piece goods, goods usually sold by pieces or fixed
portions, as shirtings, calicoes, sheetings, and the like.

Piece, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pieced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piecing (?).] 1.
To make, enlarge, or repair, by the addition of a piece or pieces; to
patch; as, to piece a garment; -- often with out. Shak.

2. To unite; to join; to combine. Fuller.

    His adversaries . . . pieced themselves together in a joint
    opposition against him.


Fuller.

Piece (?), v. i. To unite by a coalescence of parts; to fit together;
to join. "It pieced better." Bacon.

Piece"less, a. Not made of pieces; whole; entire.

Piece"ly, adv. In pieces; piecemeal. [Obs.]

Piece"meal` (?), adv. [OE. pecemele; pece a piece + AS. m&?;lum, dat.
pl. of m&?;l part. See Meal a portion.] 1. In pieces; in parts or
fragments. "On which it piecemeal brake." Chapman.

    The beasts will tear thee piecemeal.


Tennyson.

2. Piece by piece; by little and little in succession.

    Piecemeal they win, this acre first, than that.


Pope.

Piece"meal`, a. Made up of parts or pieces; single; separate. "These
piecemeal guilts." Gov. of Tongue.

Piece"meal`, n. A fragment; a scrap. R. Vaughan.

Piece"mealed` (?), a. Divided into pieces.

Piece"ner (?), n. 1. One who supplies rolls of wool to the slubbing
machine in woolen mills.

2. Same as Piecer, 2.

Pie"cer (?), n. 1. One who pieces; a patcher.

2. A child employed in spinning mill to tie together broken threads.

Piece"work` (?), n. Work done by the piece or job; work paid for at a
rate based on the amount of work done, rather than on the time
employed.

    The reaping was piecework, at so much per acre.


R. Jefferies.

Pied (?), imp. & p. p. of Pi, or Pie, v.

Pied (?), a. [From Pie the party- colored bird.] Variegated with spots
of different colors; party- colored; spotted; piebald. "Pied coats."
Burton. "Meadows trim with daisies pied." Milton.

Pied antelope (Zoˆl.), the bontebok. -- Pied-billed grebe (Zoˆl.), the
dabchick. -- Pied blackbird (Zoˆl.), any Asiatic thrush of the genus
Turdulus. -- Pied finch (Zoˆl.) (a) The chaffinch. (b) The snow
bunting. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pied flycatcher (Zoˆl.), a common European
flycatcher (Ficedula atricapilla). The male is black and white.

Pied"mont (?), a. [F. pied foot + mont mountain.] (Geol.) Noting the
region of foothills near the base of a mountain chain.

Pied"mont*ite (?), n. (Min.) A manganesian kind of epidote, from
Piedmont. See Epidote.

Pied"ness (?), n. The state of being pied. Shak.

||PiÈ`douche" (?), n. [F., fr. It. peduccio console, corbel.] A
||pedestal of small size, used to support small objects, as busts,
||vases, and the like.

Pied"stall (?), n. See Pedestal. [Obs.]

Pie"man (?), n.; pl. Piemen (&?;). A man who makes or sells pies.

Piend (?), n. [Cf. Dan. pind a peg.] See Peen.

||Pi*e"no (?), a. [It., fr. L. plenus full.] (Mus.) Full; having all
||the instruments.

Pie"plant` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Rheum Rhaponticum) the leafstalks of
which are acid, and are used in making pies; the garden rhubarb.

{ Pie"pou`dre, Pie"pow`der } (?), n. [Lit., dustyfoot, i. e.,
dusty-footed dealers, fr. F. pied foot + poudreux dusty.] (O. Eng. Law)
An ancient court of record in England, formerly incident to every fair
and market, of which the steward of him who owned or had the toll was
the judge. Blackstone.

Pier (?), n. [OE. pere, OF. piere a stone, F. pierre, fr. L. petra, Gr.
&?;. Cf. Petrify.] 1. (Arch.) (a) Any detached mass of masonry, whether
insulated or supporting one side of an arch or lintel, as of a bridge;
the piece of wall between two openings. (b) Any additional or auxiliary
mass of masonry used to stiffen a wall. See Buttress.

2. A projecting wharf or landing place.

Abutment pier, the pier of a bridge next the shore; a pier which by its
strength and stability resists the thrust of an arch. -- Pier glass, a
mirror, of high and narrow shape, to be put up between windows. -- Pier
table, a table made to stand between windows.

Pier"age (?), n. Same as Wharfage. Smart.

Pierce (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pierced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piercing
(?).] [OE. percen, F. percer, OF. percier, perchier, parchier; perh.
fr. (assumed) LL. pertusiare for pertusare, fr. L. pertundere,
pertusum, to beat, push, bore through; per through + tundere to beat:
cf. OF. pertuisier to pierce, F. pertuis a hole. Cf. Contuse, Parch,
Pertuse.] 1. To thrust into, penetrate, or transfix, with a pointed
instrument. "I pierce . . . her tender side." Dryden.

2. To penetrate; to enter; to force a way into or through; to pass into
or through; as, to pierce the enemy's line; a shot pierced the ship.

3. Fig.: To penetrate; to affect deeply; as, to pierce a mystery.
"Pierced with grief." Pope.

    Can no prayers pierce thee?


Shak.

Pierce, v. i. To enter; to penetrate; to make a way into or through
something, as a pointed instrument does; -- used literally and
figuratively.

    And pierced to the skin, but bit no more.


Spenser.

    She would not pierce further into his meaning.


Sir P. Sidney.

Pierce"a*ble (?), a. That may be pierced.

Pierced (?), a. Penetrated; entered; perforated.

Pier"cel (?), n. [Cf. F. perce.] A kind of gimlet for making vents in
casks; -- called also piercer.

Pier"cer (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, pierces or perforates;
specifically: (a) An instrument used in forming eyelets; a stiletto.
(b) A piercel.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) The ovipositor, or sting, of an insect. (b) An insect
provided with an ovipositor.

Pier"cing (?), a. Forcibly entering, or adapted to enter, at or by a
point; perforating; penetrating; keen; -- used also figuratively; as, a
piercing instrument, or thrust. "Piercing eloquence." Shak.

-- Pier"cing*ly, adv. -- Pier"cing*ness, n.

Pi*e"ri*an (?), a. [L. Pierius, from Mount Pierus, in Thessaly, sacred
to the Muses.] Of or pertaining to Pierides or Muses.

    Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring.


Pope.

Pi"er*id (?), n. [See Peirides.] (Zoˆl.) Any butterfly of the genus
Pieris and related genera. See Cabbage butterfly, under Cabbage.

||Pi*er"i*des (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. &?;. See Pierian.] (Class.
||Myth.) The Muses.

Pi"et (p"t), n. [Dim. of Pie a magpie: cf. F. piette a smew.] (Zoˆl.)
(a) The dipper, or water ouzel. [Scot.] (b) The magpie. [Prov.Eng.]

Jay piet (Zoˆl.), the European jay. [Prov.Eng.] -- Sea piet (Zoˆl.),
the oyster catcher. [Prov.Eng.]

||Pi*e*t‡" (p**t‰"), n. [It.] (Fine Arts) A representation of the dead
||Christ, attended by the Virgin Mary or by holy women and angels.
||Mollett.

Pi"e*tism (p"*tz'm), n. [Cf. G. pietismus, F. piÈtisme.] 1. The
principle or practice of the Pietists.

2. Strict devotion; also, affectation of devotion.

    The Schˆne Seele, that ideal of gentle pietism, in "Wilhelm
    Meister."


W. Pater.

Pi"e*tist (?), n. [Cf. G. pietist, F. piÈtiste. See Piety.] (Eccl.
Hist.) One of a class of religious reformers in Germany in the 17th
century who sought to revive declining piety in the Protestant
churches; -- often applied as a term of reproach to those who make a
display of religious feeling. Also used adjectively.

{ Pi`e*tis"tic (?), Pi`e*tis"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the
Pietists; hence, in contempt, affectedly or demonstratively religious.
Addison.

||Pi*e"tra du"ra (?). [It., hard stone.] (Fine Arts) Hard and fine
||stones in general, such as are used for inlay and the like, as
||distinguished from the softer stones used in building; thus, a
||Florentine mosaic is a familiar instance of work in pietra dura,
||though the ground may be soft marble.

Pi"e*ty (?), n. [F. piÈtÈ; cf. It. piet‡; both fr. L. pietas piety, fr.
pius pious. See Pious, and cf. Pity.] 1. Veneration or reverence of the
Supreme Being, and love of his character; loving obedience to the will
of God, and earnest devotion to his service.

    Piety is the only proper and adequate relief of decaying man.


Rambler.

2. Duty; dutifulness; filial reverence and devotion; affectionate
reverence and service shown toward parents, relatives, benefactors,
country, etc.

    Conferred upon me for the piety Which to my country I was judged to
    have shown.


Milton.

Syn. -- Religion; sanctity; devotion; godliness; holiness. See
Religion.

Pie"wipe` (?), n. [So called from its note.] (Zoˆl.) The lapwing, or
pewit. [Prov. Eng.]

Pi`e*zom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; to press + -meter: cf. F. piÈzomËtre.]
1. (Physics) An instrument for measuring the compressibility of
liquids.

2. (Physics) A gauge connected with a water main to show the pressure
at that point.

{ ||Pif"fe*ro (?), ||Pif"fa*ra (?), } n. [It. piffero.] (Mus.) A fife;
also, a rude kind of oboe or a bagpipe with an inflated skin for
reservoir.

Pig (?), n. A piggin. [Written also pigg.]

Pig, n. [Cf. D. big, bigge, LG. bigge, also Dan. pige girl, Sw. piga,
Icel. pka.] 1. The young of swine, male or female; also, any swine; a
hog. "Two pigges in a poke." Chaucer.

2. (Zoˆl.) Any wild species of the genus Sus and related genera.

3. [Cf. Sow a channel for melted iron.] An oblong mass of cast iron,
lead, or other metal. See Mine pig, under Mine.

4. One who is hoggish; a greedy person. [Low]

Masked pig. (Zoˆl.) See under Masked. -- Pig bed (Founding), the bed of
sand in which the iron from a smelting furnace is cast into pigs. --
Pig iron, cast iron in pigs, or oblong blocks or bars, as it comes from
the smelting furnace. See Pig, 4. -- Pig yoke (Naut.), a nickname for a
quadrant or sextant. -- A pig in a poke (that is, bag), a blind
bargain; something bought or bargained for, without the quality or the
value being known. [Colloq.]

Pig, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pigging (?).]
1. To bring forth (pigs); to bring forth in the manner of pigs; to
farrow.

2. To huddle or lie together like pigs, in one bed.

Pi"geon (?), n. [F., fr. L. pipio a young pipping or chirping bird, fr.
pipire to peep, chirp. Cf. Peep to chirp.] 1. (Zoˆl.) Any bird of the
order ColumbÊ, of which numerous species occur in nearly all parts of
the world.

The common domestic pigeon, or dove, was derived from the Old World
rock pigeon (Columba livia). It has given rise to numerous very
remarkable varieties, such as the carrier, fantail, nun, pouter,
tumbler, etc. The common wild pigeons of the Eastern United States are
the passenger pigeon, and the Carolina dove. See under Passenger, and
Dove. See, also, Fruit pigeon, Ground pigeon, Queen pigeon, Stock
pigeon, under Fruit, Ground, etc.

2. An unsuspected victim of sharpers; a gull. [Slang]

Blue pigeon (Zoˆl.), an Australian passerine bird (Graucalus melanops);
-- called also black-faced crow. -- Green pigeon (Zoˆl.), any one of
numerous species of Old World pigeons belonging to the family
TreronidÊ. -- Imperial pigeon (Zoˆl.), any one of the large Asiatic
fruit pigeons of the genus Carpophada. - - Pigeon berry (Bot.), the
purplish black fruit of the pokeweed; also, the plant itself. See
Pokeweed. -- Pigeon English [perhaps a corruption of business English],
an extraordinary and grotesque dialect, employed in the commercial
cities of China, as the medium of communication between foreign
merchants and the Chinese. Its base is English, with a mixture of
Portuguese and Hindoostanee. Johnson's Cyc. -- Pigeon grass (Bot.), a
kind of foxtail grass (Setaria glauca), of some value as fodder. The
seeds are eagerly eaten by pigeons and other birds. - - Pigeon hawk.
(Zoˆl.) (a) A small American falcon (Falco columbarius). The adult male
is dark slate-blue above, streaked with black on the back; beneath,
whitish or buff, streaked with brown. The tail is banded. (b) The
American sharp- shinned hawk (Accipiter velox, or fuscus). -- Pigeon
hole. (a) A hole for pigeons to enter a pigeon house. (b) See
Pigeonhole. (c) pl. An old English game, in which balls were rolled
through little arches. Halliwell. -- Pigeon house, a dovecote. --
Pigeon pea (Bot.), the seed of Cajanus Indicus; a kind of pulse used
for food in the East and West Indies; also, the plant itself. -- Pigeon
plum (Bot.), the edible drupes of two West African species of
Chrysobalanus (C. ellipticus and C. luteus). -- Pigeon tremex. (Zoˆl.)
See under Tremex. -- Pigeon wood (Bot.), a name in the West Indies for
the wood of several very different kinds of trees, species of Dipholis,
Diospyros, and Coccoloba. -- Pigeon woodpecker (Zoˆl.), the flicker. --
Prairie pigeon. (Zoˆl.) (a) The upland plover. (b) The golden plover.
[Local, U.S.]

<! p. 1085 !>

Pi"geon (?), v. t. To pluck; to fleece; to swindle by tricks in
gambling. [Slang] Smart.

    He's pigeoned and undone.


Observer.

Pi"geon-breast`ed (?), a. Having a breast like a pigeon, -- the sternum
being so prominent as to constitute a deformity; chicken-breasted.

Pi"geon*foot` (?), n. (Bot.) The dove's-foot geranium (Geranium molle).

Pi"geon-heart`ed (?), a. Timid; easily frightened; chicken-hearted.
Beau. & Fl.

Pi"geon*hole` (?), n. A small compartment in a desk or case for the
keeping of letters, documents, etc.; -- so called from the resemblance
of a row of them to the compartments in a dovecote. Burke.

Pi"geon*hole`, v. t. To place in the pigeonhole of a case or cabinet;
hence, to put away; to lay aside indefinitely; as, to pigeonhole a
letter or a report.

Pi"geon-liv`ered (?), a. Pigeon- hearted.

Pi"geon*ry (?), n. A place for pigeons; a dovecote.

Pi"geon*toed` (?), a. Having the toes turned in.

Pig"-eyed` (?), a. Having small, deep-set eyes.

Pig"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any one of several species of salt-water
grunts; -- called also hogfish. (b) A sculpin. The name is also applied
locally to several other fishes.

Pig"foot` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A marine fish (ScorpÊna porcus), native of
Europe. It is reddish brown, mottled with dark brown and black.

Pigg (?), n. A piggin. See 1st Pig. Sir W. Scott.

Pig"ger*y (?), n.; pl. Piggeries (&?;). A place where swine are kept.

Pig"gin (?), n. [Scot.; cf. Gael. pigean, dim. of pigeadh, pige, an
earthen jar, pitcher, or pot, Ir. pigin, pighead, W. piccyn.] A small
wooden pail or tub with an upright stave for a handle, -- often used as
a dipper.

Pig"gish (?), a. Relating to, or like, a pig; greedy.

Pig"-head`ed (?), a. Having a head like a pig; hence, figuratively:
stupidity obstinate; perverse; stubborn. B. Jonson. --
Pig"-head`ed*ness, n.

Pight (?), imp. & p. p. of Pitch, to throw; -- used also adjectively.
Pitched; fixed; determined. [Obs.]

    [His horse] pight him on the pommel of his head.


Chaucer.

    I found him pight to do it.


Shak.

Pigh"tel (?), n. [Cf. Pight, Picle.] A small inclosure. [Written also
pightle.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Pig"-jawed` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having the upper jaw projecting beyond the
lower, with the upper incisors in advance of the lower; -- said of
dogs.

Pig*me"an (?), a. See Pygmean.

Pig"ment (?), n. [L. pigmentum, fr. the root of pingere to paint: cf.
F. pigment. See Paint, and cf. Pimento, Orpiment.] 1. Any material from
which a dye, a paint, or the like, may be prepared; particularly, the
refined and purified coloring matter ready for mixing with an
appropriate vehicle.

2. (Physiol.) Any one of the colored substances found in animal and
vegetable tissues and fluids, as bilirubin, urobilin, chlorophyll, etc.

3. Wine flavored with species and honey. Sir W. Scott.

Pigment cell (Physiol.), a small cell containing coloring matter, as
the pigmented epithelial cells of the choroid and iris, or the
pigmented connective tissue cells in the skin of fishes, reptiles, etc.

{ Pig*men"tal (?), Pig"men*ta*ry (?), } a. Of or pertaining to
pigments; furnished with pigments. Dunglison.

Pigmentary degeneration (Med.), a morbid condition in which an undue
amount of pigment is deposited in the tissues.

Pig`men*ta"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) A deposition, esp. an excessive
deposition, of coloring matter; as, pigmentation of the liver.

Pig"ment*ed (?), a. Colored; specifically (Biol.), filled or imbued
with pigment; as, pigmented epithelial cells; pigmented granules.

Pig*men"tous (?), a. Pigmental.

Pig"my (?), n. See Pygmy.

Pigmy falcon. (Zoˆl.) Same as Falconet, 2 (a).

Pig"ner*ate (?), v. t. [L. pigneratus, p. p. of pignerate to pledge.]
1. To pledge or pawn. [Obs.]

2. to receive in pawn, as a pawnbroker does. [Obs.]

Pig`no*ra"tion (?), n. [LL. pignoratio, L. pigneratio, fr. pignerate to
pledge, fr. pignus, gen. -ous and -eris, a pledge, a pawn: cf. F.
pignoration.] 1. The act of pledging or pawning.

2. (Civil Law) The taking of cattle doing damage, by way of pledge,
till satisfaction is made. Burrill.

Pig"no*ra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pignoratif.] Pledging, pawning. [R.]

||Pig"nus (?), n.; pl. Pignora (#). [L.] (Rom. Law) A pledge or pawn.

Pig"nut (?), n. (Bot.) (a) See Groundnut (d). (b) The bitter- flavored
nut of a species of hickory (Carya glabra, or porcina); also, the tree
itself.

Pig"pen` (?), n. A pen, or sty, for pigs.

Pig"skin` (?), n. The skin of a pig, -- used chiefly for making
saddles; hence, a colloquial or slang term for a saddle.

Pigs"ney (?), n. [Perh. a dim. of Dan. pige a girl, or Sw. piga; or
from E. pig's eye.] A word of endearment for a girl or woman. [Obs.]
[Written also pigsnie, pigsny, etc.] Chaucer.

Pig"-stick`ing (?), n. Boar hunting; -- so called by Anglo-Indians.
[Colloq.] Tackeray.

Pig"sty` (?), n.; pl. Pigsties (&?;). A pigpen.

Pig"tail` (?), n. 1. The tail of a pig.

2. (Hair Dressing) A cue, or queue. J. & H. Smith.

3. A kind of twisted chewing tobacco.

    The tobacco he usually cheweth, called pigtail.


Swift.

Pig"tailed` (?), a. Having a tail like a pig's; as, the pigtailed
baboon.

Pig"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A name of several annual weeds. See Goosefoot,
and Lamb's- quarters.

Pig"wid`geon (?), n. [Written also pigwidgin and pigwiggen.] A cant
word for anything petty or small. It is used by Drayton as the name of
a fairy.

Pi"ka (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any one of several species of rodents of the
genus Lagomys, resembling small tailless rabbits. They inhabit the high
mountains of Asia and America. Called also calling hare, and crying
hare. See Chief hare.

Pike (?), n. [F. pique; perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. W. pig a prick, a
point, beak, Arm. pik pick. But cf. also L. picus woodpecker (see Pie
magpie), and E. spike. Cf. Pick, n. & v., Peak, Pique.] 1. (Mil.) A
foot soldier's weapon, consisting of a long wooden shaft or staff, with
a pointed steel head. It is now superseded by the bayonet.

2. A pointed head or spike; esp., one in the center of a shield or
target. Beau. & Fl.

3. A hayfork. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser.

4. A pick. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Raymond.

5. A pointed or peaked hill. [R.]

6. A large haycock. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

7. A turnpike; a toll bar. Dickens.

8. (Zoˆl.) sing. & pl. A large fresh-water fish (Esox lucius), found in
Europe and America, highly valued as a food fish; -- called also
pickerel, gedd, luce, and jack.

Blue pike, grass pike, green pike, wall-eyed pike, and yellow pike, are
names, not of true pike, but of the wall-eye. See Wall-eye.

Gar pike. See under Gar. -- Pike perch (Zoˆl.), any fresh-water fish of
the genus Stizostedion (formerly Lucioperca). See Wall-eye, and Sauger.
-- Pike pole, a long pole with a pike in one end, used in directing
floating logs. -- Pike whale (Zoˆl.), a finback whale of the North
Atlantic (BalÊnoptera rostrata), having an elongated snout; -- called
also piked whale. -- Sand pike (Zoˆl.), the lizard fish. -- Sea pike
(Zoˆl.), the garfish (a).

Piked (?), a. Furnished with a pike; ending in a point; peaked;
pointed. "With their piked targets bearing them down." Milton.

Pike`-de*vant" (?), n. [Pike point (fr. F. pique) + F. devant before.]
A pointed beard. [Obs.]

{ Pike"let (?), Pike"lin (?), } n. A light, thin cake or muffin. [Prov.
Eng.] Wright.

Pike"man (?), n.; pl. Pikeman (&?;). 1. A soldier armed with a pike.
Knolles.

2. A miner who works with a pick. Beaconsfield.

3. A keeper of a turnpike gate. T. Hughes.

Pike"staff` (?), n. 1. The staff, or shaft, of a pike.

2. A staff with a spike in the lower end, to guard against slipping.
Sir W. Scott.

Pike"tail` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Pintail, 1.

Pik"ro*lite (?), n. (Min.) See Picrolite.

Pi"lage (?), n. See Pelage.

Pi*las"ter (?), n. [F. pilastre, It. pilastro, LL. pilastrum, fr. L.
pila a pillar. See Pillar.] (Arch.) An upright architectural member
right-angled in plan, constructionally a pier (See Pier, 1 (b)), but
architecturally corresponding to a column, having capital, shaft, and
base to agree with those of the columns of the same order. In most
cases the projection from the wall is one third of its width, or less.

Pi*las"tered (?), a. Furnished with pilasters.

||Pi*lau" (?), n. See Pillau.

Pilch (?), n. [AS. pylce, pylece, LL. pellicia. See Pelisse, and Pelt
skin.] A gown or case of skin, or one trimmed or lined with fur. [Obs.]

Pil"chard (?), n. [Cf. It. pilseir, W. pilcod minnows.] (Zoˆl.) A small
European food fish (Clupea pilchardus) resembling the herring, but
thicker and rounder. It is sometimes taken in great numbers on the
coast of England.

    Fools are as like husbands as pilchards are to herrings.


Shak.

Pilch"er (?), n. [From Pilch.] A scabbard, as of a sword. [Obs.] Shak.

Pilch"er, n. (Zoˆl.) The pilchard.

Pil"crow (?), n. [A corruption of Paragraph.] (Print.) a paragraph
mark, ∂. [Obs.] Tusser.

Pile (?), n. [L. pilus hair. Cf. Peruke.] 1. A hair; hence, the fiber
of wool, cotton, and the like; also, the nap when thick or heavy, as of
carpeting and velvet.

    Velvet soft, or plush with shaggy pile.


Cowper.

2. (Zoˆl.) A covering of hair or fur.

Pile, n. [L. pilum javelin. See Pile a stake.] The head of an arrow or
spear. [Obs.] Chapman.

Pile, n. [AS. pl arrow, stake, L. pilum javelin; but cf. also L. pila
pillar.] 1. A large stake, or piece of timber, pointed and driven into
the earth, as at the bottom of a river, or in a harbor where the ground
is soft, for the support of a building, a pier, or other
superstructure, or to form a cofferdam, etc.

Tubular iron piles are now much used.

2. [Cf. F. pile.] (Her.) One of the ordinaries or subordinaries having
the form of a wedge, usually placed palewise, with the broadest end
uppermost.

Pile bridge, a bridge of which the roadway is supported on piles. --
Pile cap, a beam resting upon and connecting the heads of piles. --
Pile driver, or Pile engine, an apparatus for driving down piles,
consisting usually of a high frame, with suitable appliances for
raising to a height (by animal or steam power, the explosion of
gunpowder, etc.) a heavy mass of iron, which falls upon the pile. --
Pile dwelling. See Lake dwelling, under Lake. -- Pile plank (Hydraul.
Eng.), a thick plank used as a pile in sheet piling. See Sheet piling,
under Piling. -- Pneumatic pile. See under Pneumatic. -- Screw pile,
one with a screw at the lower end, and sunk by rotation aided by
pressure.

Pile, v. t. To drive piles into; to fill with piles; to strengthen with
piles.

To sheet-pile, to make sheet piling in or around. See Sheet piling,
under 2nd Piling.

Pile, n. [F. pile, L. pila a pillar, a pier or mole of stone. Cf.
Pillar.] 1. A mass of things heaped together; a heap; as, a pile of
stones; a pile of wood.

2. A mass formed in layers; as, a pile of shot.

3. A funeral pile; a pyre. Dryden.

4. A large building, or mass of buildings.

    The pile o'erlooked the town and drew the fight.


Dryden.

5. (Iron Manuf.) Same as Fagot, n., 2.

6. (Elec.) A vertical series of alternate disks of two dissimilar
metals, as copper and zinc, laid up with disks of cloth or paper
moistened with acid water between them, for producing a current of
electricity; -- commonly called Volta's pile, voltaic pile, or galvanic
pile.

The term is sometimes applied to other forms of apparatus designed to
produce a current of electricity, or as synonymous with battery; as,
for instance, to an apparatus for generating a current of electricity
by the action of heat, usually called a thermopile.

7. [F. pile pile, an engraved die, L. pila a pillar.] The reverse of a
coin. See Reverse.

Cross and pile. See under Cross. -- Dry pile. See under Dry.

Pile, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piling.] 1. To lay
or throw into a pile or heap; to heap up; to collect into a mass; to
accumulate; to amass; -- often with up; as, to pile up wood. "Hills
piled on hills." Dryden. "Life piled on life." Tennyson.

    The labor of an age in piled stones.


Milton.

2. To cover with heaps; or in great abundance; to fill or overfill; to
load.

To pile arms or muskets (Mil.), to place three guns together so that
they may stand upright, supporting each other; to stack arms.

{ Pi"le*ate (?), Pi"le*a`ted (?), } a. [L. pileatus, fr. pileus a felt
cap or hat.] 1. Having the form of a cap for the head.

2. (Zoˆl.) Having a crest covering the pileus, or whole top of the
head.

Pileated woodpecker (Zoˆl.), a large American woodpecker (Ceophloeus
pileatus). It is black, with a bright red pointed crest. Called also
logcock, and woodcock.

Piled (?), a. [From 2d Pile.] Having a pile or point; pointed. [Obs.]
"Magus threw a spear well piled." Chapman.

Piled, a. [From 1d Pile.] Having a pile or nap. "Three-piled velvet."
L. Barry (1611).

Piled, a. [From 6d Pile.] (Iron Manuf.) Formed from a pile or fagot;
as, piled iron.

Pi*le"i*form (?), a. [Pileus + -form.] Having the form of a pileus or
cap; pileate.

Pile"ment (?), n. [From Pile to lay into a heap.] An accumulation; a
heap. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

<! p. 1086 !>

||Pi*len"tum (?), n.; pl. Pilenta (#). [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) An easy
||chariot or carriage, used by Roman ladies, and in which the vessels,
||etc., for sacred rites were carried.

||Pi`le*o*rhi"za (?), n.; pl. PilorhizÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a cap +
||&?; root.] (Bot.) A cap of cells which covers the growing extremity
||of a root; a rootcap.

Pi"le*ous (?), a. [See Pilous.] Consisting of, or covered with, hair;
hairy; pilose.

Pil"er (?), n. One who places things in a pile.

Piles (?), n. pl. [L. pila a ball. Cf. Pill a medicine.] (Med.) The
small, troublesome tumors or swellings about the anus and lower part of
the rectum which are technically called hemorrhoids. See Hemorrhoids.
[The singular pile is sometimes used.]

Blind piles, hemorrhoids which do not bleed.

Pi"le*us (?), n.; pl. Pilei (#). [L., a felt cap.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A
kind of skull cap of felt.

2. (Bot.) The expanded upper portion of many of the fungi. See
Mushroom.

3. (Zoˆl.) The top of the head of a bird, from the bill to the nape.

Pile"worm` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The teredo.

Pile"-worn` (?), a. Having the pile worn off; threadbare.

Pile"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Ranunculus Ficaria of LinnÊus) whose
tuberous roots have been used in poultices as a specific for the piles.
Forsyth.

Pil"fer (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pilfered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pilfering.] [OF. pelfrer. See Pelf.] To steal in small quantities, or
articles of small value; to practice petty theft.

Pil"fer, v. t. To take by petty theft; to filch; to steal little by
little.

    And not a year but pilfers as he goes Some youthful grace that age
    would gladly keep.


Cowper.

Pil"fer*er (?), n. One who pilfers; a petty thief.

Pil"fer*ing, a. Thieving in a small way. Shak. -- n. Petty theft. --
Pil"fer*ing*ly, adv.

Pil"fer*y (?), n. Petty theft. [R.] Sir T. North.

Pil*gar"lic (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] One who has lost his hair by
disease; a sneaking fellow, or one who is hardly used.

Pil"grim (?), n. [OE. pilgrim, pelgrim, pilegrim, pelegrim; cf. D.
pelgrim, OHG. piligrm, G. pilger, F. pËlerin, It. pellegrino; all fr.
L. peregrinus a foreigner, fr. pereger abroad; per through + ager land,
field. See Per-, and Acre, and cf. Pelerine, Peregrine.] 1. A wayfarer;
a wanderer; a traveler; a stranger.

    Strangers and pilgrims on the earth.


Heb. xi. 13.

2. One who travels far, or in strange lands, to visit some holy place
or shrine as a devotee; as, a pilgrim to Loretto; Canterbury pilgrims.
See Palmer. P. Plowman.

Pil"grim, a. Of or pertaining to a pilgrim, or pilgrims; making
pilgrimages. "With pilgrim steps." Milton.

Pilgrim fathers, a name popularly given to the one hundred and two
English colonists who landed from the Mayflower and made the first
settlement in New England at Plymouth in 1620. They were separatists
from the Church of England, and most of them had sojourned in Holland.

Pil"grim, v. i. To journey; to wander; to ramble. [R.] Grew. Carlyle.

Pil"grim*age (?), n. [OE. pilgrimage, pelgrinage; cf. F. pËlerinage.]
1. The journey of a pilgrim; a long journey; especially, a journey to a
shrine or other sacred place. Fig., the journey of human life. Shak.

    The days of the years of my pilgrimage.


Gen. xlvii. 9.

2. A tedious and wearisome time.

    In prison hast thou spent a pilgrimage.


Shak.

Syn. -- Journey; tour; excursion. See Journey.

Pil"grim*ize (?), v. i. To wander as a pilgrim; to go on a pilgrimage.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.

||Pi*lid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pildia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. of &?; a
||cap.] (Zoˆl.) The free-swimming, hat-shaped larva of certain
||nemertean worms. It has no resemblance to its parent, and the young
||worm develops in its interior.

||Pi*lif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Piliferous.] (Zoˆl.) Same as
||Mammalia.

Pi*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pilus hair + -ferous: cf. F. pilifËre.] 1.
Bearing a single slender bristle, or hair.

2. Beset with hairs.

Pil"i*form (?), a. [L. pilus hair + -form.] (Bot.) Resembling hairs or
down.

Pi*lig"er*ous (?), a. [L. pilus hair + -gerous: cf. F. piligËre.]
Bearing hair; covered with hair or down; piliferous.

Pil"ing (?), n. [See Pile a heap.] 1. The act of heaping up.

2. (Iron Manuf.) The process of building up, heating, and working,
fagots, or piles, to form bars, etc.

Pil"ing, n. [See Pile a stake.] A series of piles; piles considered
collectively; as, the piling of a bridge.

Pug piling, sheet piles connected together at the edges by dovetailed
tongues and grooves. -- Sheet piling, a series of piles made of planks
or half logs driven edge to edge, -- used to form the walls of
cofferdams, etc.

Pill (?), n. [Cf. Peel skin, or Pillion.] The peel or skin. [Obs.]
"Some be covered over with crusts, or hard pills, as the locusts."
Holland.

Pill, v. i. To be peeled; to peel off in flakes.

Pill, v. t. [Cf. L. pilare to deprive of hair, and E. pill, n.
(above).] 1. To deprive of hair; to make bald. [Obs.]

2. To peel; to make by removing the skin.

    [Jacob] pilled white streaks . . . in the rods.


Gen. xxx. 37.

Pill (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pilling.] [F. piller, L. pilare; cf. It. pigliare to take. Cf. Peel to
plunder.] To rob; to plunder; to pillage; to peel. See Peel, to
plunder. [Obs.] Spenser.

    Pillers and robbers were come in to the field to pill and to rob.


Sir T. Malroy.

Pill (?), n. [F. pilute, L. pilula a pill, little ball, dim. of L. pila
a ball. Cf. Piles.] 1. A medicine in the form of a little ball, or
small round mass, to be swallowed whole.

2. Figuratively, something offensive or nauseous which must be accepted
or endured. Udall.

Pill beetle (Zoˆl.), any small beetle of the genus Byrrhus, having a
rounded body, with the head concealed beneath the thorax. -- Pill bug
(Zoˆl.), any terrestrial isopod of the genus Armadillo, having the
habit of rolling itself into a ball when disturbed. Called also pill
wood louse.

Pil"lage (?), n. [F., fr. piller to plunder. See Pill to plunder.] 1.
The act of pillaging; robbery. Shak.

2. That which is taken from another or others by open force,
particularly and chiefly from enemies in war; plunder; spoil; booty.

    Which pillage they with merry march bring home.


Shak.

Syn. -- Plunder; rapine; spoil; depredation. -- Pillage, Plunder.
Pillage refers particularly to the act of stripping the sufferers of
their goods, while plunder refers to the removal of the things thus
taken; but the words are freely interchanged.

Pil"lage, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pillaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pillaging
(?).] To strip of money or goods by open violence; to plunder; to
spoil; to lay waste; as, to pillage the camp of an enemy.

    Mummius . . . took, pillaged, and burnt their city.


Arbuthnot.

Pil"lage, v. i. To take spoil; to plunder; to ravage.

    They were suffered to pillage wherever they went.


Macaulay.

Pil"la*ger (?), n. One who pillages. Pope.

Pil"lar (?), n. [OE. pilerF. pilier, LL. pilare, pilarium, pilarius,
fr. L. pila a pillar. See Pile a heap.] 1. The general and popular term
for a firm, upright, insulated support for a superstructure; a pier,
column, or post; also, a column or shaft not supporting a
superstructure, as one erected for a monument or an ornament.

    Jacob set a pillar upon her grave.


Gen. xxxv. 20.

    The place . . . vast and proud, Supported by a hundred pillars
    stood.


Dryden.

2. Figuratively, that which resembles such a pillar in appearance,
character, or office; a supporter or mainstay; as, the Pillars of
Hercules; a pillar of the state. "You are a well-deserving pillar."
Shak.

    By day a cloud, by night a pillar of fire.


Milton.

3. (R. C. Ch.) A portable ornamental column, formerly carried before a
cardinal, as emblematic of his support to the church. [Obs.] Skelton.

4. (Man.) The center of the volta, ring, or manege ground, around which
a horse turns.

From pillar to post, hither and thither; to and fro; from one place or
predicament to another; backward and forward. [Colloq.] -- Pillar
saint. See Stylite. -- Pillars of the fauces. See Fauces, 1.

Pil"lar, a. (Mach.) Having a support in the form of a pillar, instead
of legs; as, a pillar drill.

Pil"lar-block` (?), n. See under Pillow.

Pil"lared (?), a. Supported or ornamented by pillars; resembling a
pillar, or pillars. "The pillared arches." Sir W. Scott. "Pillared
flame." Thomson.

Pil"lar*et (?), n. A little pillar. [R.] Fuller.

Pil"lar*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.) See Stylite.

||Pil*lau" (?), n. [Per. & Turk. pilau.] An Oriental dish consisting of
||rice boiled with mutton, fat, or butter. [Written also pilau.]

Pilled (?), a. [See 3rd Pill.] Stripped of hair; scant of hair; bald.
[Obs.] "Pilled beard." Chaucer.

Pilled"-gar"lic (?), n. See Pilgarlic.

Pill"er (?), n. One who pills or plunders. [Obs.]

Pill"er*y (?), n.; pl. Pilleries (&?;). Plunder; pillage. [Obs.]
Daniel.

Pil"lion (?), n. [Ir. pillin, pilliun (akin to Gael. pillean, pillin),
fr. Ir. & Gael. pill, peall, a skin or hide, prob. fr. L. pellis. See
Pell, n., Fell skin.] A panel or cushion saddle; the under pad or
cushion of saddle; esp., a pad or cushion put on behind a man's saddle,
on which a woman may ride.

    His [a soldier's] shank pillion without stirrups.


Spenser.

Pil"lo*rize (?), v. t. To set in, or punish with, the pillory; to
pillory. [R.]

Pil"lo*ry (?), n.; pl. Pillories (#). [F. pilori; cf. Pr. espitlori,
LL. piloricum, pilloricum, pellericum, pellorium, pilorium, spilorium;
perhaps from a derivative of L. speculari to look around, observe. Cf.
Speculate.] A frame of adjustable boards erected on a post, and having
holes through which the head and hands of an offender were thrust so as
to be exposed in front of it. Shak.

Pil"lo*ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pilloried (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pillorying.] [Cf. F. pilorier.] 1. To set in, or punish with, the
pillory. "Hungering for Puritans to pillory." Macaulay.

2. Figuratively, to expose to public scorn. Gladstone.

Pil"low (?), n. [OE. pilwe, AS. pyle, fr. L. pilvinus.] 1. Anything
used to support the head of a person when reposing; especially, a sack
or case filled with feathers, down, hair, or other soft material.

    [Resty sloth] finds the down pillow hard.


Shak.

2. (Mach.) A piece of metal or wood, forming a support to equalize
pressure; a brass; a pillow block. [R.]

3. (Naut.) A block under the inner end of a bowsprit.

4. A kind of plain, coarse fustian.

Lace pillow, a cushion used in making hand- wrought lace. -- Pillow
bier [OE. pilwebere; cf. LG. b¸re a pillowcase], a pillowcase; pillow
slip. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Pillow block (Mach.), a block, or standard,
for supporting a journal, as of a shaft. It is usually bolted to the
frame or foundation of a machine, and is often furnished with journal
boxes, and a movable cover, or cap, for tightening the bearings by
means of bolts; -- called also pillar block, or plumber block. --
Pillow lace, handmade lace wrought with bobbins upon a lace pillow. --
Pillow of a plow, a crosspiece of wood which serves to raise or lower
the beam. -- Pillow sham, an ornamental covering laid over a pillow
when not in use. -- Pillow slip, a pillowcase.

Pil"low (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pillowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pillowing.] To rest or lay upon, or as upon, a pillow; to support; as,
to pillow the head.

    Pillows his chin upon an orient wave.


Milton.

Pil"low*case` (?), n. A removable case or covering for a pillow,
usually of white linen or cotton cloth.

Pil"lowed (?), a. Provided with a pillow or pillows; having the head
resting on, or as on, a pillow.

    Pillowedon buckler cold and hard.


Sir W. Scott.

Pil"low*y (?), a. Like a pillow. Keats.

Pill"-wil`let (?), n. [So named from its note.] (Zoˆl.) The willet.

Pill"worm` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any myriapod of the genus Iulus and allied
genera which rolls up spirally; a galleyworm. See Illust. under
Myriapod.

Pill"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Pilularia; minute
aquatic cryptograms, with small pill-shaped fruit; -- sometimes called
peppergrass.

Pi`lo*car"pine (?), n. [From NL. Pilocarpus pennatifolius jaborandi; L.
pilus hair + Gr. karpo`s fruit: cf. F. pilocarpine.] (Chem.) An
alkaloid extracted from jaborandi (Pilocarpus pennatifolius) as a white
amorphous or crystalline substance which has a peculiar effect on the
vasomotor system.

Pi*lose" (?), a. [L. pilosus, fr. pilus hair. See Pile.] 1. Hairy; full
of, or made of, hair.

    The heat-retaining property of the pilose covering.


Owen.

2. (Zoˆl.) Clothed thickly with pile or soft down.

3. (Bot.) Covered with long, slender hairs; resembling long hairs;
hairy; as, pilose pubescence.

Pi*los"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pilositÈ.] The quality or state of being
pilose; hairiness. Bacon.

Pi"lot (?), n. [F. pilote, prob. from D. peillood plummet, sounding
lead; peilen, pegelen, to sound, measure (fr. D. & G. peil, pegel, a
sort of measure, water mark) + lood lead, akin to E. lead. The pilot,
then, is the lead man, i. e., he who throws the lead. See Pail, and
Lead a metal.] 1. (Naut.) One employed to steer a vessel; a helmsman; a
steersman. Dryden.

2. Specifically, a person duly qualified, and licensed by authority, to
conduct vessels into and out of a port, or in certain waters, for a
fixed rate of fees.

3. Figuratively: A guide; a director of another through a difficult or
unknown course.

4. An instrument for detecting the compass error.

5. The cowcatcher of a locomotive. [U.S.]

Pilot balloon, a small balloon sent up in advance of a large one, to
show the direction and force of the wind. -- Pilot bird. (Zoˆl.) (a) A
bird found near the Caribbee Islands; -- so called because its presence
indicates to mariners their approach to these islands. Crabb. (b) The
black- bellied plover. [Local, U.S.] -- Pilot boat, a strong,
fast-sailing boat used to carry and receive pilots as they board and
leave vessels. -- Pilot bread, ship biscuit. -- Pilot cloth, a coarse,
stout kind of cloth for overcoats. -- Pilot engine, a locomotive going
in advance of a train to make sure that the way is clear. -- Pilot
fish. (Zoˆl) (a) A pelagic carangoid fish (Naucrates ductor); -- so
named because it is often seen in company with a shark, swimming near a
ship, on account of which sailors imagine that it acts as a pilot to
the shark. (b) The rudder fish (Seriola zonata). -- Pilot jack, a flag
or signal hoisted by a vessel for a pilot. -- Pilot jacket, a pea
jacket. -- Pilot nut (Bridge Building), a conical nut applied
temporarily to the threaded end of a pin, to protect the thread and
guide the pin when it is driven into a hole. Waddell. -- Pilot snake
(Zoˆl.) (a) A large North American snake (Coluber obsoleus). It is
lustrous black, with white edges to some of the scales. Called also
mountain black snake. (b) The pine snake. -- Pilot whale. (Zoˆl.) Same
as Blackfish, 1.

Pi"lot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piloted; p. pr. & vb. n. Piloting.] [Cf. F.
piloter.] 1. To direct the course of, as of a ship, where navigation is
dangerous.

2. Figuratively: To guide, as through dangers or difficulties. "The art
of piloting a state." Berkeley.

Pi"lot*age (?), n. [Cf. F. pilotage.] 1. The pilot's skill or
knowledge, as of coasts, rocks, bars, and channels. [Obs.] Sir W.
Raleigh.

2. The compensation made or allowed to a pilot.

3. Guidance, as by a pilot. Sir W. Scott.

{ Pi"lot*ism (?), Pi"lot*ry (?), } n. Pilotage; skill in the duties of
a pilot. [R.]

<! p. 1087 !>

Pil"our (?), n. A piller; a plunderer. [Obs.]

Pil"ous (?), a. See Pilose.

Pil"ser (?), n. An insect that flies into a flame.

Pil"u*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to pills; resembling a pill or
pills; as, a pilular mass.

Pil"u*lous (?), a. [L. pilula a pill. See Pill.] Like a pill; small;
insignificant. [R.] G. Eliot.

Pil"we (?), n. A pillow. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pi"ly (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Like pile or wool.

Pi*mar"ic (?), a. [NL. pinum maritima, an old name for P. Pinaster, a
pine which yields galipot.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an
acid found in galipot, and isomeric with abietic acid.

Pi*mel"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; fat.] (Chem.) (a) Pertaining to, or
designating, a substance obtained from certain fatty substances, and
subsequently shown to be a mixture of suberic and adipic acids. (b)
Designating the acid proper (C5H10(CO2/H)2) which is obtained from
camphoric acid.

Pim"e*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; fat.] (Min.) An apple-green mineral having
a greasy feel. It is a hydrous silicate of nickel, magnesia, aluminia,
and iron.

Pi"ment (?), n. [F. See Pimento.] Wine flavored with spice or honey.
See Pigment, 3. [Obs.]

Pi*men"ta (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Pimento.

Pi*men"to (?), n. [Sp. pimiento, pimienta; cf. Pg. pimenta, F. piment;
all fr. L. pigmentum a paint, pigment, the juice of plants; hence,
something spicy and aromatic. See Pigment.] (Bot.) Allspice; -- applied
both to the tree and its fruit. See Allspice.

Pim"li*co (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The friar bird.

Pimp (pmp), n. [Cf. F. pimpant smart, sparkish; perh. akin to piper to
pipe, formerly also, to excel. Cf. Pipe.] One who provides
gratification for the lust of others; a procurer; a pander. Swift.

Pimp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pimped (pmt; 215); p. pr. & vb. n. Pimping.]
To procure women for the gratification of others' lusts; to pander.
Dryden.

Pim"per*nel (?), n. [F. pimprenelle; cf. Sp. pimpinela, It. pimpinella;
perh. from LL. bipinnella, for bipinnula two-winged, equiv. to L.
bipennis; bis twice + penna feather, wing. Cf. Pen a feather.] (Bot.) A
plant of the genus Anagallis, of which one species (A. arvensis) has
small flowers, usually scarlet, but sometimes purple, blue, or white,
which speedily close at the approach of bad weather.

Water pimpernel. (Bot.) See Brookweed.

||Pim"pil*lo (?), n. (Bot.) A West Indian name for the prickly pear
||(Opuntia); -- called also pimploes.

Pim"pi*nel (?), n. [See Pimpernel.] (Bot.) The burnet saxifrage. See
under Saxifrage.

Pimp"ing (?), a. [Cf. G. pimpelig, pimpelnd, sickly, weak.] 1. Little;
petty; pitiful. [Obs.] Crabbe.

2. Puny; sickly. [Local, U.S.]

Pim"ple (?), n. [AS. ppelian to blister; cf. L. papula pimple.] 1.
(Med.) Any small acuminated elevation of the cuticle, whether going on
to suppuration or not. "All eyes can see a pimple on her nose." Pope.

2. Fig.: A swelling or protuberance like a pimple. "A pimple that
portends a future sprout." Cowper.

Pim"pled (?), a. Having pimples. Johnson.

Pim"ply (?), a. Pimpled.

Pimp"ship (?), n. The office, occupation, or persom of a pimp. [R.]

Pin (?), v. t. (Metal Working) To peen.

Pin (?), v. t. [Cf. Pen to confine, or Pinfold.] To inclose; to
confine; to pen; to pound.

Pin, n. [OE. pinne, AS. pinn a pin, peg; cf. D. pin, G. pinne, Icel.
pinni, W. pin, Gael. & Ir. pinne; all fr. L. pinna a pinnacle, pin,
feather, perhaps orig. a different word from pinna feather. Cf. Fin of
a fish, Pen a feather.] 1. A piece of wood, metal, etc., generally
cylindrical, used for fastening separate articles together, or as a
support by which one article may be suspended from another; a peg; a
bolt.

    With pins of adamant And chains they made all fast.


Milton.

2. Especially, a small, pointed and headed piece of brass or other wire
(commonly tinned), largely used for fastening clothes, attaching
papers, etc.

3. Hence, a thing of small value; a trifle.

    He . . . did not care a pin for her.


Spectator.

4. That which resembles a pin in its form or use; as: (a) A peg in
musical instruments, for increasing or relaxing the tension of the
strings. (b) A linchpin. (c) A rolling-pin. (d) A clothespin. (e)
(Mach.) A short shaft, sometimes forming a bolt, a part of which serves
as a journal. See Illust. of Knuckle joint, under Knuckle. (f)
(Joinery) The tenon of a dovetail joint.

5. One of a row of pegs in the side of an ancient drinking cup to mark
how much each man should drink.

6. The bull's eye, or center, of a target; hence, the center. [Obs.]
"The very pin of his heart cleft." Shak.

7. Mood; humor. [Obs.] "In merry pin." Cowper.

8. (Med.) Caligo. See Caligo. Shak.

9. An ornament, as a brooch or badge, fastened to the clothing by a
pin; as, a Masonic pin.

10. The leg; as, to knock one off his pins. [Slang]

Banking pin (Horol.), a pin against which a lever strikes, to limit its
motion. -- Pin drill (Mech.), a drill with a central pin or projection
to enter a hole, for enlarging the hole, or for sinking a recess for
the head of a bolt, etc.; a counterbore. -- Pin grass. (Bot.) See
Alfilaria. -- Pin hole, a small hole made by a pin; hence, any very
small aperture or perforation. -- Pin lock, a lock having a cylindrical
bolt; a lock in which pins, arranged by the key, are used instead of
tumblers. -- Pin money, an allowance of money, as that made by a
husband to his wife, for private and personal expenditure. -- Pin rail
(Naut.), a rail, usually within the bulwarks, to hold belaying pins.
Sometimes applied to the fife rail. Called also pin rack. -- Pin wheel.
(a) A contrate wheel in which the cogs are cylindrical pins. (b)
(Fireworks) A small coil which revolves on a common pin and makes a
wheel of yellow or colored fire.

Pin (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinning.] [See
Pin, n.] To fasten with, or as with, a pin; to join; as, to pin a
garment; to pin boards together. "As if she would pin her to her
heart." Shak.

To pin one's faith upon, to depend upon; to trust to.

Pi"Òa cloth` (?). A fine material for ladies' shawls, scarfs,
handkerchiefs, etc., made from the fiber of the pineapple leaf, and
perhaps from other fibrous tropical leaves. It is delicate, soft, and
transparent, with a slight tinge of pale yellow.

Pin"a*coid (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a tablet + -oid.] (Crystallog.) A
plane parallel to two of the crystalline axes.

Pi*nac"o*lin (?), n. [Pinacone + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A colorless
oily liquid related to the ketones, and obtained by the decomposition
of pinacone; hence, by extension, any one of the series of which
pinacolin proper is the type. [Written also pinacoline.]

Pin"a*cone (?), n. [From Gr. &?;, &?;, a tablet. So called because it
unites with water so as to form tablet- shaped crystals.] (Chem.) A
white crystalline substance related to the glycols, and made from
acetone; hence, by extension, any one of a series of substances of
which pinacone proper is the type. [Written also pinakone.]

||Pin`a*co*the"ca (?), n. [L. pinacotheca, fr. Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, a
||picture + &?; repisitory.] A picture gallery.

Pin"a*fore` (?), n. [Pin + afore.] An apron for a child to protect the
front part of dress; a tier.

||Pin"a*ko*thek` (?), n. [G.] Pinacotheca.

Pi*nas"ter (?), n. [L., fr. pinus a pine.] (Bot.) A species of pine
(Pinus Pinaster) growing in Southern Europe.

||Pi"nax (?), n.; pl. Pinaces (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; tablet.] A tablet;
||a register; hence, a list or scheme inscribed on a tablet. [R.] Sir
||T. Browne.

||Pince`-nez" (?), n. [F. pincer to pinch + nez nose.] Eyeglasses kept
||on the nose by a spring.

Pin"cers (?), n. pl. [Cf. F. pince pinchers, fr. pincer to pinch. See
Pinch, Pinchers.] See Pinchers.

Pinch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinching.]
[F. pincer, probably fr. OD. pitsen to pinch; akin to G. pfetzen to
cut, pinch; perhaps of Celtic origin. Cf. Piece.] 1. To press hard or
squeeze between the ends of the fingers, between teeth or claws, or
between the jaws of an instrument; to squeeze or compress, as between
any two hard bodies.

2. o seize; to grip; to bite; -- said of animals. [Obs.]

    He [the hound] pinched and pulled her down.


Chapman.

3. To plait. [Obs.]

    Full seemly her wimple ipinched was.


Chaucer.

4. Figuratively: To cramp; to straiten; to oppress; to starve; to
distress; as, to be pinched for money.

    Want of room . . . pinching a whole nation.


Sir W. Raleigh.

5. To move, as a railroad car, by prying the wheels with a pinch. See
Pinch, n., 4.

Pinch, v. i. 1. To act with pressing force; to compress; to squeeze;
as, the shoe pinches.

2. (Hunt.) To take hold; to grip, as a dog does. [Obs.]

3. To spare; to be niggardly; to be covetous. Gower.

    The wretch whom avarice bids to pinch and spare.


Franklin.

To pinch at, to find fault with; to take exception to. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pinch, n. 1. A close compression, as with the ends of the fingers, or
with an instrument; a nip.

2. As much as may be taken between the finger and thumb; any very small
quantity; as, a pinch of snuff.

3. Pian; pang. "Necessary's sharp pinch." Shak.

4. A lever having a projection at one end, acting as a fulcrum, -- used
chiefly to roll heavy wheels, etc. Called also pinch bar.

At a pinch, On a pinch, in an emergency; as, he could on a pinch read a
little Latin.

Pinch"beck (?), n. [Said to be from the name of the inventor; cf. It.
prencisbecco.] An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling gold; a yellow
metal, composed of about three ounces of zinc to a pound of copper. It
is much used as an imitation of gold in the manufacture of cheap
jewelry.

Pinch"beck, a. Made of pinchbeck; sham; cheap; spurious; unreal. "A
pinchbeck throne." J. A. Symonds.

Pinch"cock` (?), n. A clamp on a flexible pipe to regulate the flow of
a fluid through the pipe.

Pin"chem (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Pinch"er (?), n. One who, or that which, pinches.

Pinch"ers (?), n. pl. [From Pinch.] An instrument having two handles
and two grasping jaws working on a pivot; -- used for griping things to
be held fast, drawing nails, etc.

This spelling is preferable to pincers, both on account of its
derivation from the English pinch, and because it represents the common
pronunciation.

Pinch"fist` (?), n. A closefisted person; a miser.

Pinch"ing, a. Compressing; nipping; griping; niggardly; as, pinching
cold; a pinching parsimony.

Pinching bar, a pinch bar. See Pinch, n., 4. -- Pinching nut, a check
nut. See under Check, n.

Pinch"ing*ly, adv. In a pinching way.

Pinch"pen`ny (?), n. A miserly person.

Pin"coff*in (?), n. [From Pincoff, an English manufacturer.] A
commercial preparation of garancin, yielding fine violet tints.

Pinc"pinc` (?), n. [Named from its note.] (Zoˆl.) An African wren
warbler. (Drymoica textrix).

Pin"cush`ion (?), n. A small cushion, in which pins may be stuck for
use.

{ Pin"dal (?), Pin"dar (?), } n. [D. piendel.] (Bot.) The peanut
(Arachis hypogÊa); -- so called in the West Indies.

Pin*dar"ic (?), a. [L. Pindaricus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; (L. Pindarus)
Pindar: cf. F. pindarique.] Of or pertaining to Pindar, the Greek lyric
poet; after the style and manner of Pindar; as, Pindaric odes. -- n. A
Pindaric ode.

Pin*dar"ic*al (?), a. Pindaric.

    Too extravagant and Pindarical for prose.


Cowley.

Pin"dar*ism (?), n. Imitation of Pindar.

Pin"dar*ist, n. One who imitates Pindar.

Pin"der (?), n. [AS. pyndan to pen up, fr. pund a pound.] One who
impounds; a poundkeeper. [Obs.]

Pine (?), n. [AS. pn, L. poena penalty. See Pain.] Woe; torment; pain.
[Obs.] "Pyne of hell." Chaucer.

Pine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pining.] [AS. pnan
to torment, fr. pn torment. See 1st Pine, Pain, n. & v.] 1. To inflict
pain upon; to torment; to torture; to afflict. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shak.

    That people that pyned him to death.


Piers Plowman.

    One is pined in prison, another tortured on the rack.


Bp. Hall.

2. To grieve or mourn for. [R.] Milton.

Pine, v. i. 1. To suffer; to be afflicted. [Obs.]

2. To languish; to lose flesh or wear away, under any distress or
anexiety of mind; to droop; -- often used with away. "The roses wither
and the lilies pine." Tickell.

3. To languish with desire; to waste away with longing for something;
-- usually followed by for.

    For whom, and not for Tybalt, Juliet pined.


Shak.

Syn. -- To languish; droop; flag; wither; decay.

Pine, n. [AS. pn, L. pinus.] 1. (Bot.) Any tree of the coniferous genus
Pinus. See Pinus.

There are about twenty-eight species in the United States, of which the
white pine (P. Strobus), the Georgia pine (P. australis), the red pine
(P. resinosa), and the great West Coast sugar pine (P. Lambertiana) are
among the most valuable. The Scotch pine or fir, also called Norway or
Riga pine (Pinus sylvestris), is the only British species. The nut pine
is any pine tree, or species of pine, which bears large edible seeds.
See Pinon.

The spruces, firs, larches, and true cedars, though formerly considered
pines, are now commonly assigned to other genera.

2. The wood of the pine tree.

3. A pineapple.

Ground pine. (Bot.) See under Ground. -- Norfolk Island pine (Bot.), a
beautiful coniferous tree, the Araucaria excelsa. -- Pine barren, a
tract of infertile land which is covered with pines. [Southern U.S.] --
Pine borer (Zoˆl.), any beetle whose larvÊ bore into pine trees. --
Pine finch. (Zoˆl.) See Pinefinch, in the Vocabulary. -- Pine grosbeak
(Zoˆl.), a large grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator), which inhabits the
northern parts of both hemispheres. The adult male is more or less
tinged with red. -- Pine lizard (Zoˆl.), a small, very active, mottled
gray lizard (Sceloporus undulatus), native of the Middle States; --
called also swift, brown scorpion, and alligator. -- Pine marten.
(Zoˆl.) (a) A European weasel (Mustela martes), called also sweet
marten, and yellow-breasted marten. (b) The American sable. See Sable.
-- Pine moth (Zoˆl.), any one of several species of small tortricid
moths of the genus Retinia, whose larvÊ burrow in the ends of the
branchlets of pine trees, often doing great damage. - - Pine mouse
(Zoˆl.), an American wild mouse (Arvicola pinetorum), native of the
Middle States. It lives in pine forests. -- Pine needle (Bot.), one of
the slender needle-shaped leaves of a pine tree. See Pinus. --
Pine-needle wool. See Pine wool (below). -- Pine oil, an oil resembling
turpentine, obtained from fir and pine trees, and used in making
varnishes and colors. -- Pine snake (Zoˆl.), a large harmless North
American snake (Pituophis melanoleucus). It is whitish, covered with
brown blotches having black margins. Called also bull snake. The
Western pine snake (P. Sayi) is chestnut-brown, mottled with black and
orange. -- Pine tree (Bot.), a tree of the genus Pinus; pine. --
Pine-tree money, money coined in Massachusetts in the seventeenth
century, and so called from its bearing a figure of a pine tree. --
Pine weevil (Zoˆl.), any one of numerous species of weevils whose larvÊ
bore in the wood of pine trees. Several species are known in both
Europe and America, belonging to the genera Pissodes, Hylobius, etc. --
Pine wool, a fiber obtained from pine needles by steaming them. It is
prepared on a large scale in some of the Southern United States, and
has many uses in the economic arts; -- called also pine-needle wool,
and pine- wood wool.

Pi"ne*al (?), a. [L. pinea the cone of a pine, from pineus of the pine,
from pinus a pine: cf. F. pinÈale.] Of or pertaining to a pine cone;
resembling a pine cone.

Pineal gland (Anat.), a glandlike body in the roof of the third
ventricle of the vertebrate brain; -- called also pineal body,
epiphysis, conarium. In some animals it is connected with a rudimentary
eye, the so-called pineal eye, and in other animals it is supposed to
be the remnant of a dorsal median eye.

<! p. 1088 !>

Pine"ap`ple (?), n. (Bot.) A tropical plant (Ananassa sativa); also,
its fruit; -- so called from the resemblance of the latter, in shape
and external appearance, to the cone of the pine tree. Its origin is
unknown, though conjectured to be American.

Pine`as"ter (?), n. See Pinaster.

{ Pine"-clad` (?), Pine"-crowned` (?), } a. Clad or crowned with pine
trees; as, pine-clad hills.

Pine"drops` (?), n. (Bot.) A reddish herb (Pterospora andromedea) of
the United States, found parasitic on the roots of pine trees.

Pine"finch` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) A small American bird (Spinus, or
Chrysomitris, spinus); -- called also pine siskin, and American siskin.
(b) The pine grosbeak.

||Pi*nen"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a tablet + -enchyma, as in
||parenchyma.] (Bot.) Tabular parenchyma, a form of cellular tissue in
||which the cells are broad and flat, as in some kinds of epidermis.

Pin"er*y (?), n.; pl. Pineries (&?;). 1. A pine forest; a grove of
pines.

2. A hothouse in which pineapples are grown.

Pine"sap` (?), n. (Bot.) A reddish fleshy herb of the genus Monotropa
(M. hypopitys), formerly thought to be parasitic on the roots of pine
trees, but more probably saprophytic.

||Pi*ne"tum (?), n. [L., a pine grove.] A plantation of pine trees;
||esp., a collection of living pine trees made for ornamental or
||scientific purposes.

Pine"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A low, bushy, nearly leafless herb (Hypericum
Sarothra), common in sandy soil in the Eastern United States.

Pin"ey (?), a. See Piny.

Pin"ey, a. [Of East Indian origin.] A term used in designating an East
Indian tree (the Vateria Indica or piney tree, of the order
DipterocarpeÊ, which grows in Malabar, etc.) or its products.

Piney dammar, Piney resin, Piney varnish, a pellucid, fragrant, acrid,
bitter resin, which exudes from the piney tree (Vateria Indica) when
wounded. It is used as a varnish, in making candles, and as a
substitute for incense and for amber. Called also liquid copal, and
white dammar. -- Piney tallow, a solid fatty substance, resembling
tallow, obtained from the roasted seeds of the Vateria Indica; called
also dupada oil. -- Piney thistle (Bot.), a plant (Atractylis
gummifera), from the bark of which, when wounded, a gummy substance
exudes.

Pin"-eyed` (?), a. (Bot.) Having the stigma visible at the throad of a
gamopetalous corolla, while the stamens are concealed in the tube; --
said of dimorphous flowers. The opposite of thrum-eyed.

Pin"feath`er (?), n. A feather not fully developed; esp., a rudimentary
feather just emerging through the skin.

Pin"feath`ered (?), a. Having part, or all, of the feathers imperfectly
developed.

Pin"fish` (?), n. [So called from their sharp dorsal spines.] (Zoˆl.)
(a) The sailor's choice (Diplodus, or Lagodon, rhomboides). (b) The
salt-water bream (Diplodus Holbrooki).

Both are excellent food fishes, common on the coast of the United
States south of Cape Hatteras. The name is also applied to other allied
species.

Pin"fold` (?), n. [For pindfold. See Pinder, Pound an inclosure, and
Fold an inclosure.] A place in which stray cattle or domestic animals
are confined; a pound; a penfold. Shak.

    A parish pinfold begirt by its high hedge.


Sir W. Scott.

Ping (?), n. [Probably of imitative origin.] The sound made by a bullet
in striking a solid object or in passing through the air.

Ping, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinging.] To make
the sound called ping.

Pin"gle (?), n. [Perhaps fr. pin to impound.] A small piece of inclosed
ground. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Ping"ster (?), n. See Pinkster.

Pin*guic"u*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. pinguiculus somewhat fat, fattish.]
(Bot.) See Butterwort.

Pin"guid (?), a. [L. pinguis fat.] Fat; unctuous; greasy. [Obs.] "Some
clays are more pinguid." Mortimer.

Pin*guid"i*nous (?), a. [L. pinguedo fatness, fr. pinguis fat.]
Containing fat; fatty. [Obs.]

Pin"gui*tude (?), n. [L. pinguitudo, from pinguis fat.] Fatness; a
growing fat; obesity. [R.]

Pin"hold` (?), n. A place where a pin is fixed.

Pi"nic (&?;), a. [L. pinus pine.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to the pine;
obtained from the pine; formerly, designating an acid which is the
chief constituent of common resin, -- now called abietic, or sylvic,
acid.

Pin"ing (?), a. 1. Languishing; drooping; wasting away, as with
longing.

2. Wasting; consuming. "The pining malady of France." Shak.

Pin"ing*ly, adv. In a pining manner; droopingly. Poe.

Pin"ion (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A moth of the genus Lithophane, as L.
antennata, whose larva bores large holes in young peaches and apples.

Pin"ion, n. [OF. pignon a pen, F., gable, pinion (in sense 5); cf. Sp.
piÒon pinion; fr. L. pinna pinnacle, feather, wing. See Pin a peg, and
cf. Pen a feather, Pennat, Pennon.] 1. A feather; a quill. Shak.

2. A wing, literal or figurative.

    Swift on his sooty pinions flits the gnome.


Pope.

3. The joint of bird's wing most remote from the body. Johnson.

4. A fetter for the arm. Ainsworth.

5. (Mech.) A cogwheel with a small number of teeth, or leaves, adapted
to engage with a larger wheel, or rack (see Rack); esp., such a wheel
having its leaves formed of the substance of the arbor or spindle which
is its axis.

Lantern pinion. See under Lantern. -- Pinion wire, wire fluted
longitudinally, for making the pinions of clocks and watches. It is
formed by being drawn through holes of the shape required for the
leaves or teeth of the pinions.

Pin"ion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pinioning.] 1. To bind or confine the wings of; to confine by binding
the wings. Bacon.

2. To disable by cutting off the pinion joint. Johnson.

3. To disable or restrain, as a person, by binding the arms, esp. by
binding the arms to the body. Shak.

    Her elbows pinioned close upon her hips.


Cowper.

4. Hence, generally, to confine; to bind; to tie up. "Pinioned up by
formal rules of state." Norris.

Pin"ioned (?), a. Having wings or pinions.

Pin"ion*ist, n. (Zoˆl.) Any winged creature.

Pin"ite (?), n. [So called from Pini, a mine in Saxony.] (Min.) A
compact granular cryptocrystalline mineral of a dull grayish or
greenish white color. It is a hydrous alkaline silicate, and is derived
from the alteration of other minerals, as iolite.

Pi"nite (?), n. [L. pinus the pine tree.] 1. (Paleon.) Any fossil wood
which exhibits traces of having belonged to the Pine family.

2. (Chem.) A sweet white crystalline substance extracted from the gum
of a species of pine (Pinus Lambertina). It is isomeric with, and
resembles, quercite.

Pink (?), n. [D. pink.] (Naut.) A vessel with a very narrow stern; --
called also pinky. Sir W. Scott.

Pink stern (Naut.), a narrow stern.

Pink, v. i. [D. pinken, pinkoogen, to blink, twinkle with the eyes.] To
wink; to blink. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

Pink, a. Half-shut; winking. [Obs.] Shak.

Pink, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinking.] [OE.
pinken to prick, probably a nasalized form of pick.] 1. To pierce with
small holes; to cut the edge of, as cloth or paper, in small scallops
or angles.

2. To stab; to pierce as with a sword. Addison.

3. To choose; to cull; to pick out. [Obs.] Herbert.

Pink, n. A stab. Grose.

Pink, n. [Perh. akin to pick; as if the edges of the petals were picked
out. Cf. Pink, v. t.] 1. (Bot.) A name given to several plants of the
caryophyllaceous genus Dianthus, and to their flowers, which are
sometimes very fragrant and often double in cultivated varieties. The
species are mostly perennial herbs, with opposite linear leaves, and
handsome five-petaled flowers with a tubular calyx.

2. A color resulting from the combination of a pure vivid red with more
or less white; -- so called from the common color of the flower.
Dryden.

3. Anything supremely excellent; the embodiment or perfection of
something. "The very pink of courtesy." Shak.

4. (Zoˆl.) The European minnow; -- so called from the color of its
abdomen in summer. [Prov. Eng.]

Bunch pink is Dianthus barbatus. -- China, or Indian, pink. See under
China. -- Clove pink is Dianthus Caryophyllus, the stock from which
carnations are derived. -- Garden pink. See Pheasant's eye. -- Meadow
pink is applied to Dianthus deltoides; also, to the ragged robin. --
Maiden pink, Dianthus deltoides. -- Moss pink. See under Moss. -- Pink
needle, the pin grass; -- so called from the long, tapering points of
the carpels. See Alfilaria. -- Sea pink. See Thrift.

Pink, a. Resembling the garden pink in color; of the color called pink
(see 6th Pink, 2); as, a pink dress; pink ribbons.

Pink eye (Med.), a popular name for an epidemic variety of ophthalmia,
associated with early and marked redness of the eyeball. -- Pink salt
(Chem. & Dyeing), the double chlorides of (stannic) tin and ammonium,
formerly much used as a mordant for madder and cochineal. -- Pink
saucer, a small saucer, the inner surface of which is covered with a
pink pigment.

Pinked (?), a. Pierced with small holes; worked in eyelets; scalloped
on the edge. Shak.

Pink"-eyed` (?), a. [Pink half- shut + eye.] Having small eyes.
Holland.

Pink"ing, n. 1. The act of piercing or stabbing.

2. The act or method of decorating fabrics or garments with a pinking
iron; also, the style of decoration; scallops made with a pinking iron.

Pinking iron. (a) An instrument for scalloping the edges of ribbons,
flounces, etc. (b) A sword. [Colloq.]

Pink"ish, a. Somewhat pink.

Pink"ness (?), n. Quality or state of being pink.

Pink"root` (?), n. 1. (Med.) The root of Spigelia Marilandica, used as
a powerful vermifuge; also, that of S. Anthelmia. See definition 2
(below).

2. (Bot.) (a) A perennial North American herb (Spigelia Marilandica),
sometimes cultivated for its showy red blossoms. Called also Carolina
pink, Maryland pinkroot, and worm grass. (b) An annual South American
and West Indian plant (Spigelia Anthelmia).

Pink"ster (?), n. [D. pinkster, pinksteren, fr. Gr. &?;. See
Pentecost.] Whitsuntide. [Written also pingster and pinxter.]

Pinkster flower (Bot.), the rosy flower of the Azalea nudiflora; also,
the shrub itself; -- called also Pinxter blomachee by the New York
descendants of the Dutch settlers.

Pink" stern` (?). [See 1st Pink.] (Naut.) See Chebacco, and 1st Pink.

Pink"-sterned` (?), a. [See 1st Pink.] (Naut.) Having a very narrow
stern; -- said of a vessel.

Pink"y (?), n. (Naut.) See 1st Pink.

||Pin"na (?), n.; pl. PinnÊ (#), E. Pinnas (#). [L., a feather.] 1.
||(Bot.) (a) A leaflet of a pinnate leaf. See Illust. of Bipinnate
||leaf, under Bipinnate. (b) One of the primary divisions of a
||decompound leaf.

2. (Zoˆl.) One of the divisions of a pinnate part or organ.

3. [L. pinna, akin to Gr. &?;.] (Zoˆl.) Any species of Pinna, a genus
of large bivalve mollusks found in all warm seas. The byssus consists
of a large number of long, silky fibers, which have been used in
manufacturing woven fabrics, as a curiosity.

4. (Anat.) The auricle of the ear. See Ear.

Pin"nace (?), n. [F. pinasse; cf. It. pinassa, pinazza, Sp. pinaza; all
from L. pinus a pine tree, anything made of pine, e.g., a ship. Cf.
Pine a tree.] 1. (Naut.) (a) A small vessel propelled by sails or oars,
formerly employed as a tender, or for coast defence; -- called
originally, spynace or spyne. (b) A man-of-war's boat.

    Whilst our pinnace anchors in the Downs.


Shak.

2. A procuress; a pimp. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Pin"na*cle (?), n. [OE. pinacle, F. pinacle, L. pinnaculum, fr. pinna
pinnacle, feather. See Pin a peg.] 1. (Arch.) An architectural member,
upright, and generally ending in a small spire, -- used to finish a
buttress, to constitute a part in a proportion, as where pinnacles
flank a gable or spire, and the like. Pinnacles may be considered
primarily as added weight, where it is necessary to resist the thrust
of an arch, etc.

    Some renowned metropolis With glistering spires and pinnacles
    around.


Milton.

2. Anything resembling a pinnacle; a lofty peak; a pointed summit.

    Three silent pinnacles of aged snow.


Tennyson.

    The slippery tops of human state, The gilded pinnacles of fate.


Cowley.

Pin"na*cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinnacled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pinnacling (?).] To build or furnish with a pinnacle or pinnacles. T.
Warton.

Pin"nage (?), n. [Cf. Pinfold.] Poundage of cattle. See Pound. [Obs.]

{ Pin"nate (?), Pin"na*ted (?), } a. [L. pinnatus feathered, fr. pinna
a feather. See Pin a peg, Pen feather.] 1. (Bot.) Consisting of several
leaflets, or separate portions, arranged on each side of a common
petiole, as the leaves of a rosebush, a hickory, or an ash. See
Abruptly pinnate, and Illust., under Abruptly.

2. (Zoˆl.) Having a winglike tuft of long feathers on each side of the
neck.

Pinnated grouse (Zoˆl.), the prairie chicken.

Pin"nate*ly (?), adv. In a pinnate manner.

Pin*nat"i*fid (?), a. [L. pinnatus feathered + root of findere to
split: cf. F. pinnatifide.] (Bot.) Divided in a pinnate manner, with
the divisions not reaching to the midrib.

Pin*nat`i*lo"bate (?), a. [See Pinnate, and Lobate.] (Bot.) Having
lobes arranged in a pinnate manner.

Pin*nat"i*ped (?), a. [L. pinnatus feathered + pes, pedis foot: cf. F.
pinnatipËde.] (Zoˆl.) Having the toes bordered by membranes;
fin-footed, as certain birds.

Pin*nat"i*ped, n. (Zoˆl.) Any bird which has the toes bordered by
membranes.

Pin"ner (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, pins or fastens, as with
pins.

2. (Costume) (a) A headdress like a cap, with long lappets. (b) An
apron with a bib; a pinafore. (c) A cloth band for a gown. [Obs.]

    With kerchief starched, and pinners clean.


Gay.

3. A pin maker.

Pin"ner, n. [See Pin to pound.] One who pins or impounds cattle. See
Pin, v. t. [Obs.]

Pin"net (?), n. A pinnacle. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

Pin"ni*form (?), a. [L. pinna feather, fin + -form.] Shaped like a fin
or feather. Sir J. Hill.

||Pin`ni*gra"da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. pinna a feather + gradi to walk,
||move.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Pinnipedia.

Pin"ni*grade (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An animal of the seal tribe, moving by
short feet that serve as paddles.

Pin"ni*ped (?), n. [L. pinna feather, fin + pes, pedis, a foot: cf. F.
pinnipËde.] (Zoˆl.) (a) One of the Pinnipedia; a seal. (b) One of the
Pinnipedes.

||Pin*nip"e*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Steganopodes.

||Pin`ni*pe"di*a (?), n. pl. [NL. So called because their webbed feet
||are used as paddles or fins.] (Zoˆl.) A suborder of aquatic
||carnivorous mammals including the seals and walruses; -- opposed to
||Fissipedia.

<! p. 1089 !>

Pin"nock (?), n. [Of uncertain origin.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The hedge sparrow.
[Prov. Eng.] (b) The tomtit.

Pin"no*there (?), n. [Gr. &?; a pinna + &?; an animal.] (Zoˆl.) A crab
of the genus pinnotheres. See Oyster crab, under Oyster.

Pin"nu*la (?), n.; pl. PinnulÊ (#). [L.] Same as Pinnule.

Pin"nu*late (?), a. [See Pinnule.] (Bot.) Having each pinna subdivided;
-- said of a leaf, or of its pinnÊ.

Pin"nu*la`ted (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having pinnules.

Pin"nule (?), n. [L. pinnula, dim. of pinna feather: cf. F. pinnule.]
1. (Bot.) One of the small divisions of a decompound frond or leaf. See
Illust. of Bipinnate leaf, under Bipinnate.

2. (Zoˆl.) Any one of a series of small, slender organs, or parts, when
arranged in rows so as to have a plumelike appearance; as, a pinnule of
a gorgonia; the pinnules of a crinoid.

Pin"ny*win`kles (?), n. pl. An instrument of torture, consisting of a
board with holes into which the fingers were pressed, and fastened with
pegs. [Written also pilliewinkles.] [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Pin"o*cle (?), n. See Penuchle.

Pi*nole" (?), n. 1. An aromatic powder used in Italy in the manufacture
of chocolate.

2. Parched maize, ground, and mixed with sugar, etc. Mixed with water,
it makes a nutritious beverage.

PiÒ"on (?), n. [Sp. piÒon.] (Bot.) (a) The edible seed of several
species of pine; also, the tree producing such seeds, as Pinus Pinea of
Southern Europe, and P. Parryana, cembroides, edulis, and monophylla,
the nut pines of Western North America. (b) See Monkey's puzzle.
[Written also pignon.]

Pin"patch` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The common English periwinkle. [Prov. Eng.]

Pint (?), n. [OE. pinte, F. pinte, fr. Sp. pinta spot, mark, pint, fr.
pintar to paint; a mark for a pint prob. having been made on or in a
larger measure. See Paint.] A measure of capacity, equal to half a
quart, or four gills, -- used in liquid and dry measures. See Quart.

Pint, n. (Zoˆl.) The laughing gull. [Prov. Eng.]

Pin*ta"do (?), n.; pl. Pintados (#). [Sp., painted, fr. pintar to
paint.] (Zoˆl.) Any bird of the genus Numida. Several species are found
in Africa. The common pintado, or Guinea fowl, the helmeted, and the
crested pintados, are the best known. See Guinea fowl, under Guinea.

Pin"tail` (?), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) A northern duck (Dafila acuta), native of
both continents. The adult male has a long, tapering tail. Called also
gray duck, piketail, piket-tail, spike- tail, split-tail, springtail,
sea pheasant, and gray widgeon.

2. (Zoˆl.) The sharp-tailed grouse of the great plains and Rocky
Mountains (PediocÊtes phasianellus); -- called also pintailed grouse,
pintailed chicken, springtail, and sharptail.

Pin"-tailed` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having a tapered tail, with the middle
feathers longest; -- said of birds.

Pin"tle (?), n. [A diminutive of Pin.] 1. A little pin.

2. (Mech.) An upright pivot pin; as: (a) The pivot pin of a hinge. (b)
A hook or pin on which a rudder hangs and turns. (c) A pivot about
which the chassis swings, in some kinds of gun carriages. (d) A
kingbolt of a wagon.

Pin"tos (?), n. pl.; sing. Pinto (&?;). [Sp., painted, mottled.]
(Eyhnol.) A mountain tribe of Mexican Indians living near Acapulco.
They are remarkable for having the dark skin of the face irregularly
spotted with white. Called also speckled Indians.

Pin"ule (?), n. [Cf. Pinnule.] (Astron.) One of the sights of an
astrolabe. [Obs.]

||Pi"nus (?), n. [L., a pine tree.] (Bot.) A large genus of evergreen
||coniferous trees, mostly found in the northern hemisphere. The genus
||formerly included the firs, spruces, larches, and hemlocks, but is
||now limited to those trees which have the primary leaves of the
||branchlets reduced to mere scales, and the secondary ones (pine
||needles) acicular, and usually in fascicles of two to seven. See
||Pine.

Pin"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Lechea, low North
American herbs with branching stems, and very small and abundant leaves
and flowers.

Pin"worm` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small nematoid worm (Oxyurus vermicularis),
which is parasitic chiefly in the rectum of man. It is most common in
children and aged persons.

||Pinx"it (?). [L., perfect indicative 3d sing. of pingere to paint.] A
||word appended to the artist's name or initials on a painting, or
||engraved copy of a painting; as, Rubens pinxit, Rubens painted
||(this).

Pinx"ter (?), n. See Pinkster.

Pin"y (?), a. Abounding with pines. [Written also piney.] "The piny
wood." Longfellow.

Pi"o*ned (?), a. A Shakespearean word of disputed meaning; perh.,
"abounding in marsh marigolds."

    Thy banks with pioned and twilled brims.


Shak.

Pi`o*neer" (?), n. [F. pionier, orig., a foot soldier, OF. peonier, fr.
OF. peon a foot soldier, F. pion. See Pawn in chess.] 1. (Mil.) A
soldier detailed or employed to form roads, dig trenches, and make
bridges, as an army advances.

2. One who goes before, as into the wilderness, preparing the way for
others to follow; as, pioneers of civilization; pioneers of reform.

Pi`o*neer", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pioneered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pioneering.] To go before, and prepare or open a way for; to act as
pioneer.

Pi`o*ner" (?), n. A pioneer. [Obs.] Shak.

Pi"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) See Peony.

Pi"ot (?), n. [See Piet.] (Zoˆl.) The magpie. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. &
Scot.] Holland.

Pi"ous (?), a. [L. pius: cf. F. pieux.] 1. Of or pertaining to piety;
exhibiting piety; reverential; dutiful; religious; devout; godly.
"Pious hearts." Milton. "Pious poetry." Johnson.

    Where was the martial brother's pious care?


Pope.

2. Practiced under the pretext of religion; prompted by mistaken piety;
as, pious errors; pious frauds.

Syn. -- Godly; devout; religious; righteous.

Pi"ous*ly, adv. In a pious manner.

Pip (?), n. [OE. pippe, D. pip, or F. pÈpie; from LL. pipita, fr. L.
pituita slime, phlegm, rheum, in fowls, the pip. Cf. Pituite.] A
contagious disease of fowls, characterized by hoarseness, discharge
from the nostrils and eyes, and an accumulation of mucus in the mouth,
forming a "scale" on the tongue. By some the term pip is restricted to
this last symptom, the disease being called roup by them.

Pip, n. [Formerly pippin, pepin. Cf. Pippin.] (Bot.) A seed, as of an
apple or orange.

Pip, n. [Perh. for pick, F. pique a spade at cards, a pike. Cf. Pique.]
One of the conventional figures or "spots" on playing cards, dominoes,
etc. Addison.

Pip, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pipping.] [See
Peep.] To cry or chirp, as a chicken; to peep.

    To hear the chick pip and cry in the egg.


Boyle.

Pi*pa (?), n.; pl. Pipas (&?;). (Zoˆl.) The Surinam toad (Pipa
Americana), noted for its peculiar breeding habits.

The male places the eggs on the back of the female, where they soon
become inclosed in capsules formed by the thickening of the skin. The
incubation of the eggs takes place in the capsules, and the young, when
hatched, come forth with well developed legs.

Pip"age (?), n. Transportation, as of petroleum oil, by means of a pipe
conduit; also, the charge for such transportation.

Pi"pal tree` (?). Same as Peepul tree.

Pipe (?), n. [AS. ppe, probably fr. L. pipare, pipire, to chirp; of
imitative origin. Cf. Peep, Pibroch, Fife.] 1. A wind instrument of
music, consisting of a tube or tubes of straw, reed, wood, or metal;
any tube which produces musical sounds; as, a shepherd's pipe; the pipe
of an organ. "Tunable as sylvan pipe." Milton.

    Now had he rather hear the tabor and the pipe.


Shak.

2. Any long tube or hollow body of wood, metal, earthenware, or the
like: especially, one used as a conductor of water, steam, gas, etc.

3. A small bowl with a hollow steam, -- used in smoking tobacco, and,
sometimes, other substances.

4. A passageway for the air in speaking and breathing; the windpipe, or
one of its divisions.

5. The key or sound of the voice. [R.] Shak.

6. The peeping whistle, call, or note of a bird.

    The earliest pipe of half-awakened birds.


Tennyson.

7. pl. The bagpipe; as, the pipes of Lucknow.

8. (Mining) An elongated body or vein of ore.

9. A roll formerly used in the English exchequer, otherwise called the
Great Roll, on which were taken down the accounts of debts to the king;
-- so called because put together like a pipe. Mozley & W.

10. (Naut.) A boatswain's whistle, used to call the crew to their
duties; also, the sound of it.

11. [Cf. F. pipe, fr. pipe a wind instrument, a tube, fr. L. pipare to
chirp. See Etymol. above.] A cask usually containing two hogsheads, or
126 wine gallons; also, the quantity which it contains.

Pipe fitter, one who fits pipes together, or applies pipes, as to an
engine or a building. -- Pipe fitting, a piece, as a coupling, an
elbow, a valve, etc., used for connecting lengths of pipe or as
accessory to a pipe. -- Pipe office, an ancient office in the Court of
Exchequer, in which the clerk of the pipe made out leases of crown
lands, accounts of cheriffs, etc. [Eng.] -- Pipe tree (Bot.), the lilac
and the mock orange; -- so called because their were formerly used to
make pipe stems; -- called also pipe privet. -- Pipe wrench, or
Pipetongs, a jawed tool for gripping a pipe, in turning or holding it.
-- To smoke the pipe of peace, to smoke from the same pipe in token of
amity or preparatory to making a treaty of peace, -- a custom of the
American Indians.

Pipe, v. i. 1. To play on a pipe, fife, flute, or other tubular wind
instrument of music.

    We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced.


Matt. xi. 17.

2. (Naut.) To call, convey orders, etc., by means of signals on a pipe
or whistle carried by a boatswain.

3. To emit or have a shrill sound like that of a pipe; to whistle. "Oft
in the piping shrouds." Wordsworth.

4. (Metal.) To become hollow in the process of solodifying; -- said of
an ingot, as of steel.

Pipe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piping.] 1. To
perform, as a tune, by playing on a pipe, flute, fife, etc.; to utter
in the shrill tone of a pipe.

    A robin . . . was piping a few querulous notes.


W. Irving.

2. (Naut.) To call or direct, as a crew, by the boatswain's whistle.

    As fine a ship's company as was ever piped aloft.


Marryat.

3. To furnish or equip with pipes; as, to pipe an engine, or a
building.

Pipe" clay` (kl`). A plastic, unctuous clay of a grayish white color,
-- used in making tobacco pipes and various kinds of earthenware, in
scouring cloth, and in cleansing soldiers' equipments.

Pipe"clay`, v. t. 1. To whiten or clean with pipe clay, as a soldier's
accouterments.

2. To clear off; as, to pipeclay accounts. [Slang, Eng.]

Piped (?), a. Formed with a pipe; having pipe or pipes; tubular.

Pipe"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any lophobranch fish of the genus
Siphostoma, or Syngnathus, and allied genera, having a long and very
slender angular body, covered with bony plates. The mouth is small, at
the end of a long, tubular snout. The male has a pouch on his belly, in
which the incubation of the eggs takes place.

Pipe"lay`er (?), n., or Pipe" lay`er. 1. One who lays conducting pipes
in the ground, as for water, gas, etc.

2. (Polit. Cant) A politician who works in secret; -- in this sense,
usually written as one word. [U.S.]

Pipe"lay`ing, n., or Pipe" lay`ing. 1. The laying of conducting pipes
underground, as for water, gas, etc.

2. (Polit. Cant) The act or method of making combinations for personal
advantage secretly or slyly; -- in this sense, usually written as one
word. [U.S.]

Pipe"mouth` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any fish of the genus Fistularia; -- called
also tobacco pipefish. See Fistularia.

||Pi"per (?), n. [L.] See Pepper.

Pip"er (?), n. 1. (Mus.) One who plays on a pipe, or the like, esp. on
a bagpipe. "The hereditary piper and his sons." Macaulay.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) A common European gurnard (Trigla lyra), having a large
head, with prominent nasal projection, and with large, sharp, opercular
spines. (b) A sea urchin (Goniocidaris hystrix) having very long
spines, native of both the American and European coasts.

To pay the piper, to bear the cost, expense, or trouble.

Pip`er*a"ceous (?), a. [L. piper pepper.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to
the order of plants (PiperaceÊ) of which the pepper (Piper nigrum) is
the type. There are about a dozen genera and a thousand species, mostly
tropical plants with pungent and aromatic qualities.

Pi*per"ic (p*pr"k), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, or
designating, a complex organic acid found in the products of different
members of the Pepper family, and extracted as a yellowish crystalline
substance.

Pip"er*idge (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Pepperidge.

Pi*per"i*dine (?), n. (Chem.) An oily liquid alkaloid, C5H11N, having a
hot, peppery, ammoniacal odor. It is related to pyridine, and is
obtained by the decomposition of piperine.

Pip"er*ine (?), n. [L. piper pepper: cf. F. piperin, piperine.] (Chem.)
A white crystalline compound of piperidine and piperic acid. It is
obtained from the black pepper (Piper nigrum) and other species.

Pip`er*o"nal (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance obtained by
oxidation of piperic acid, and regarded as a complex aldehyde.

Pi*per"y*lene (?), n. [Piperidine + acetylene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon
obtained by decomposition of certain piperidine derivatives.

Pipe"stem` (?), n. The hollow stem or tube of a pipe used for smoking
tobacco, etc.

    Took a long reed for a pipestem.


Longfellow.

Pipe"stone` (?), n. A kind of clay slate, carved by the Indians into
tobacco pipes. Cf. Catlinite.

Pi*pette" (?), n. [F., dim. of pipe.] A small glass tube, often with an
enlargement or bulb in the middle, and usually graduated, -- used for
transferring or delivering measured quantities.

Pipe"vine` (?), n. (Bot.) The Dutchman's pipe. See under Dutchman.

Pipe"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of a genus (Eriocaulon) of aquatic
or marsh herbs with soft grass-like leaves.

Pip"ing (pp"ng), a. [From Pipe, v.] 1. Playing on a musical pipe.
"Lowing herds and piping swains." Swift.

2. Peaceful; favorable to, or characterized by, the music of the pipe
rather than of the drum and fife. Shak.

3. Emitting a high, shrill sound.

4. Simmering; boiling; sizzling; hissing; -- from the sound of boiling
fluids.

Piping crow, Piping crow shrike, Piping roller (Zoˆl.), any Australian
bird of the genus Gymnorhina, esp. G. tibicen, which is black and
white, and the size of a small crow. Called also caruck. -- Piping frog
(Zoˆl.), a small American tree frog (Hyla Pickeringii) which utters a
high, shrill note in early spring. -- Piping hot, boiling hot; hissing
hot; very hot. [Colloq.] Milton.

Pip"ing, n. 1. A small cord covered with cloth, -- used as trimming for
women's dresses.

2. Pipes, collectively; as, the piping of a house.

3. The act of playing on a pipe; the shrill noted of birds, etc.

4. A piece cut off to be set or planted; a cutting; also, propagation
by cuttings.

<! p. 1090 !>

{ Pi*pis"trel (?), Pip`i*strelle" (?), } n. [F. pipistrelle, It.
pipistrello.] (Zoˆl.) A small European bat (Vesperugo pipistrellus); --
called also flittermouse.

Pip"it (?), n. [So named from its call note.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of
numerous species of small singing birds belonging to Anthus and allied
genera, of the family MotacillidÊ. They strongly resemble the true
larks in habits, colors, and the great length of the hind claw. They
are, therefore, often called titlarks, and pipit larks.

The meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis); the tree pipit, or tree lark (A.
trivialis); and the rock pipit, or sea lark (A. obscurus) are
well-known European species. The common American pipit, or brown lark,
is Anthus Pensilvanicus. The Western species (A. Spraguei) is called
the American skylark, on account of its musical powers.

Pip"kin, n.[Dim. of Pipe.] A small earthen boiler.

Pip"pin (?), n. [Probably fr. OE. pippin a seed, as being raised from
the seed. See Pip a seed.] (Bot.) (a) An apple from a tree raised from
the seed and not grafted; a seedling apple. (b) A name given to apples
of several different kinds, as Newtown pippin, summer pippin, fall
pippin, golden pippin.

    We will eat a last year's pippin.


Shak.

Normandy pippins, sun-dried apples for winter use.

Pip"pul tree` (?). Same as Peepul tree.

Pi"pra (?), n.; pl. Pipras (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a woodpecker.]
(Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of small clamatorial birds
belonging to Pipra and allied genera, of the family PipridÊ. The male
is usually glossy black, varied with scarlet, yellow, or sky blue. They
chiefly inhabit South America.

Pi"prine (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the pipras, or the family
PipridÊ.

Pip*sis"se*wa (?), n. [From American Indian.] (Bot.) A low evergreen
plant (Chimaphila umbellata), with narrow, wedge-lanceolate leaves, and
an umbel of pretty nodding fragrant blossoms. It has been used in
nephritic diseases. Called also prince's pine.

Pip"y (?), a. Like a pipe; hollow- stemmed. Keats.

Pi"quan*cy (?), n. [See Piquant.] The quality or state of being
piquant.

Pi"quant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of piquer to prick or sting. See Pike.]
Stimulating to the taste; giving zest; tart; sharp; pungent; as, a
piquant anecdote. "As piquant to the tongue as salt." Addison. "Piquant
railleries." Gov. of Tongue.

Pi"quant*ly, adv. In a piquant manner.

||Pi`quÈ" (?), n. [F., p. p. of piquer to prick.] A cotton fabric,
||figured in the loom, -- used as a dress goods for women and children,
||and for vestings, etc.

Pique (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The jigger. See Jigger.

Pique (?), n. [F., fr. piquer. See Pike.] 1. A feeling of hurt,
vexation, or resentment, awakened by a social slight or injury;
irritation of the feelings, as through wounded pride; stinging
vexation.

    Men take up piques and displeasures.


Dr. H. More.

    Wars had arisen . . . upon a personal pique.


De Quincey.

2. Keenly felt desire; a longing.

    Though it have the pique, and long, 'Tis still for something in the
    wrong.


Hudibras.

3. (Card Playing) In piquet, the right of the elder hand to count
thirty in hand, or to play before the adversary counts one.

Syn. -- Displeasure; irritation; grudge; spite. Pique, Spite, Grudge.
Pique denotes a quick and often transient sense of resentment for some
supposed neglect or injury, but it is not marked by malevolence. Spite
is a stronger term, denoting settled ill will or malice, with a desire
to injure, as the result of extreme irritation. Grudge goes still
further, denoting cherished and secret enmity, with an unforgiving
spirit. A pique is usually of recent date; a grudge is that which has
long subsisted; spite implies a disposition to cross or vex others.

Pique, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piqued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piquing (?).]
[F. piquer. See Pike.] 1. To wound the pride of; to sting; to nettle;
to irritate; to fret; to offend; to excite to anger.

    Pique her, and soothe in turn.


Byron.

2. To excite to action by causing resentment or jealousy; to stimulate;
to prick; as, to pique ambition, or curiosity. Prior.

3. To pride or value; -- used reflexively.

    Men . . . pique themselves upon their skill.


Locke.

Syn. -- To offend; displease; irritate; provoke; fret; nettle; sting;
goad; stimulate.

Pique, v. i. To cause annoyance or irritation. "Every &?;erse hath
something in it that piques." Tatler.

Pi*queer" (?), v. i. See Pickeer. [R.]

Pi*queer"er (?), n. See Pickeerer. [R.]

Piqu"et (?), n. See Picket. [R.]

Pi*quet" (?), n. [F., prob. fr. pique. See Pique, Pike, and Picket.] A
game at cards played between two persons, with thirty-two cards, all
the deuces, threes, fours, fives, and sixes, being set aside. [Written
also picket and picquet.]

Pi"ra*cy (?), n.; pl. Piracies (#). [Cf. LL. piratia, Gr. &?;. See
Pirate.] 1. The act or crime of a pirate.

2. (Common Law) Robbery on the high seas; the taking of property from
others on the open sea by open violence; without lawful authority, and
with intent to steal; -- a crime answering to robbery on land.

By statute law several other offenses committed on the seas (as trading
with known pirates, or engaging in the slave trade) have been made
piracy.

3. "Sometimes used, in a quasi- figurative sense, of violation of
copyright; but for this, infringement is the correct and preferable
term." Abbott.

Pi*ra"gua (?), n. See Pirogue.

Pi*rai" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Piraya.

Pi*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; trial + -meter.] A dynamometer for
ascertaining the power required to draw carriages over roads.

Pi`ra*ru"cu (?), n. [From the native South American name.] (Zoˆl.) Same
as Arapaima.

Pi"rate (?), n. [L. pirata, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to attempt, undertake,
from making attempts or attacks on ships, &?; an attempt, trial; akin
to E. peril: cf. F. pirate. See Peril.] 1. A robber on the high seas;
one who by open violence takes the property of another on the high
seas; especially, one who makes it his business to cruise for robbery
or plunder; a freebooter on the seas; also, one who steals in a harbor.

2. An armed ship or vessel which sails without a legal commission, for
the purpose of plundering other vessels on the high seas.

3. One who infringes the law of copyright, or publishes the work of an
author without permission.

Pirate perch (Zoˆl.), a fresh- water percoid fish of the United States
(Aphredoderus Sayanus). It is of a dark olive color, speckled with
blackish spots.

Pi"rate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pirated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pirating.]
[Cf. F. pirater.] To play the pirate; to practice robbery on the high
seas.

Pi"rate, v. t. To publish, as books or writings, without the permission
of the author.

    They advertised they would pirate his edition.


Pope.

Pi*rat"ic (?), a. Piratical.

Pi*rat"ic*al (?), a. [L. piraticus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. piratique.] Of or
pertaining to a pirate; acquired by, or practicing, piracy; as, a
piratical undertaking. "Piratical printers." Pope. -- Pi*rat"ic*al*ly,
adv.

||Pi*ra"ya (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zoˆl.) A large voracious
||fresh-water fish (Serrasalmo piraya) of South America, having
||lancet-shaped teeth.

Pir"ie (?), n. (Naut.) See Pirry.

Pir"ie, n. [See Pear.] (Bot.) A pear tree. [Written also pery, pyrie.]
[Obs.] Chaucer.

||Pi`ri*ri"gua (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zoˆl.) A South American
||bird (Guira guira) allied to the cuckoos.

Pirl (?), v. t. [Cf. Purl.] 1. To spin, as a top.

2. To twist or twine, as hair in making fishing lines.

Pirn (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A quill or reed on which thread or
yarn is wound; a bobbin; also, the wound yarn on a weaver's shuttle;
also, the reel of a fishing rod. [Scot.]

Pi*rogue" (?), n. [Originally an American Indian word: cf. F. pirogue,
Sp. piroga, piragua.] A dugout canoe; by extension, any small boat.
[Written variously periauger, perogue, piragua, periagua, etc.]

Pir`ou*ette" (?), n. [F.; of uncertain origin.] 1. A whirling or
turning on the toes in dancing.

2. (Man.) The whirling about of a horse.

Pir`ou*ette", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pirouetted (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pirouetting.] [F. pirouetter.] To perform a pirouette; to whirl, like a
dancer.

{ Pir"ry, Pir"rie } (?), n. [Cf. Scot. pirr a gentle breeze, Icel. byrr
a prosperous wind, bylr a blast of wind.] A rough gale of wind. [Obs.]
Sir T. Elyot.

Pis`as*phal"tum (?), n. See Pissasphalt.

Pi"say (?), n. (Arch.) See PisÈ.

Pis"ca*ry (?), n. [L. piscarius relating to fishes or to fishing, fr.
piscis a fish.] (Law) The right or privilege of fishing in another
man's waters. Blackstone.

Pis*ca"tion (?), n. [L. piscatio, fr. piscari to fish.] Fishing;
fishery. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

||Pis*ca"tor (?), n. [L.] A fisherman; an angler.

{ Pis`ca*to"ri*al (?), Pis"ca*to*ry (?), } a. [L. piscatorius, fr.
piscator a fisherman, fr. piscari to fish, fr. piscis a fish. See Fish
the animal.] Of or pertaining to fishes or fishing. Addison.

||Pis"ces (?), n. pl. [L. piscis a fish.] 1. (Astron.) (a) The twelfth
||sign of the zodiac, marked in almanacs. (b) A zodiacal constellation,
||including the first point of Aries, which is the vernal equinoctial
||point; the Fish.

2. (Zoˆl.) The class of Vertebrata that includes the fishes. The
principal divisions are Elasmobranchii, Ganoidei, and Teleostei.

Pis"ci*cap`ture (?), n. Capture of fishes, as by angling. [R.] W. H.
Russell.

Pis`ci*cul"tur*al (?), a. Relating to pisciculture.

Pis`ci*cul"ture (?), n. [L. piscis a fish + E. culture.] Fish culture.
See under Fish.

Pis`ci*cul"tur*ist, n. One who breeds fish.

Pis"ci*form (?), a. [L. piscis fish + -form.] Having the form of a
fish; resembling a fish.

||Pis*ci"na (?), n. [L., a certain, fishpond, fr. piscis a fish.]
||(Arch.) A niche near the altar in a church, containing a small basin
||for rinsing altar vessels.

Pis"ci*nal (?), a. [L. piscinalis: cf. F. piscinal.] Belonging to a
fishpond or a piscina.

Pis"cine (?), a. [L. piscis a fish.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to a fish
or fishes; as, piscine remains.

Pis*civ"o*rous (?), a. [L. piscis a fish + vorare to devour: cf. F.
piscivore.] (Zoˆl.) Feeding or subsisting on fish.

||Pi`sÈ" (?), n. [F. pisÈ, from piser to stamp, pound, L. pisare.]
||(Arch.) A species of wall made of stiff earth or clay rammed in
||between molds which are carried up as the wall rises; -- called also
||pisÈ work. Gwilt.

Pish (?), interj. An exclamation of contempt.

Pish (?), v. i. To express contempt. Pope.

||Pi"shu (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The Canada lynx. [Written also peeshoo.]

Pi"si*form (?), a. [L. pisum a pea + -form: cf. F. pisiforme.]
Resembling a pea or peas in size and shape; as, a pisiform iron ore.

Pi"si*form, n. (Anat.) A small bone on the ulnar side of the carpus in
man and many mammals. See Illust. of Artiodactyla.

Pis"mire (?), n. [Piss + mire; so called because it discharges a
moisture vulgarly considered urine. See Mire an ant.] (Zoˆl.) An ant,
or emmet.

Pi"so*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; a pea + - lite: cf. F. pisolithe.] (Min.) A
variety of calcite, or calcium carbonate, consisting of aggregated
globular concretions about the size of a pea; -- called also peastone,
peagrit.

Oˆlite is similar in structure, but the concretions are as small as the
roe of a fish.

Pi`so*lit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pisolithique.] (Min.) Composed of,
containing, or resembling, pisolite.

Pis"o*phalt (?), n. [For pissasphalt.] (Min.) Pissasphalt. [Obs.]

Piss (?), v. t. & i. [OE. pissen, F. pisser; akin to It. pisciare, D. &
G. pissen, Dan. pisse, Icel. pissa.] To discharge urine, to urinate.
Shak.

Piss, n. Urine.

Piss"a*bed` (?), n. (Bot.) A name locally applied to various wild
plants, as dandelion, bluet, oxeye daisy, etc.

Pis"sas*phalt (?), n. [L. pissasphaltus, Gr. &?;; &?; pitch + &?;
asphalt: cf. F. pissasphalte.] (Min.) Earth pitch; a soft, black
bitumen of the consistence of tar, and of a strong smell. It is
inflammable, and intermediate between petroleum and asphalt. [Written
also pisasphaltum, pisasphalt, etc.]

Pist (?), n. (Man.) See Piste.

Pis*ta"chio (?), n. [It. pistacchio (cf. Sp. pistacho, F. pistache),
fr. L. pistacium, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. Per. pistah. Cf. Fistinut.] (Bot.)
The nut of the Pistacia vera, a tree of the order AnacardiaceÊ,
containing a kernel of a pale greenish color, which has a pleasant
taste, resembling that of the almond, and yields an oil of agreeable
taste and odor; -- called also pistachio nut. It is wholesome and
nutritive. The tree grows in Arabia, Persia, Syria, and Sicily.
[Written also pistachia.]

||Pis*ta"ci*a (?), n. [NL. See Pistachio.] (Bot.) The name of a genus
||of trees, including the tree which bears the pistachio, the
||Mediterranean mastic tree (Pistacia Lentiscus), and the species (P.
||Terebinthus) which yields Chian or Cyprus turpentine.

Pis"ta*cite (?), n. [Cf. F. pistacite. So called from its green color.
See Pistachio.] (Min.) Epidote.

Pis`ta*reen" (?), n. An old Spanish silver coin of the value of about
twenty cents.

Pis"ta*zite (?), n. (Min.) Same as Pistacite.

Piste (?), n. [F., fr. L. pisere, pinsere, pistum, to pound.] (Min.)
The track or tread a horseman makes upon the ground he goes over.
Johnson.

{ Pis"tel (?), Pis"til (?) }, n. An epistle. [Obs.]

Pis"tic (?), a. [L. pisticus, Gr. &?;.] Pure; genuine. [R.] Jer.
Taylor.

Pis"til (?), n. [L. pistillum, pistillus, a pestle: cf. F. pistil. See
Pestle.] (Bot.) The seed-bearing organ of a flower. It consists of an
ovary, containing the ovules or rudimentary seeds, and a stigma, which
is commonly raised on an elongated portion called a style. When
composed of one carpel a pistil is simple; when composed of several, it
is compound. See Illust. of Flower, and Ovary.

Pis`til*la"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Growing on, or having nature of, the
pistil; of or pertaining to a pistil. Barton.

Pis"til*late (?), a. (Bot.) Having a pistil or pistils; -- usually said
of flowers having pistils but no stamens.

Pis`til*la"tion (?), n. [L. pistillum a pestle.] The act of pounding or
breaking in a mortar; pestillation. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

||Pis`til*lid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pistillida (#). [NL., fr. E. pistil.]
||(Bot.) Same as Archegonium.

Pis`til*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Pistil + -ferous: cf. F. pistillifËre.]
(Bot.) Pistillate.

Pis"til*lo*dy (?), n. [Pistil + Gr. &?; form.] (Bot.) The metamorphosis
of other organs into pistils.

Pis"tol (?), n. [F. pistole, pistolet, It. pistola; prob. from a form
Pistola, for Pistoja, a town in Italy where pistols were first made.
Cf. Pistole.] The smallest firearm used, intended to be fired from one
hand, -- now of many patterns, and bearing a great variety of names.
See Illust. of Revolver.

Pistol carbine, a firearm with a removable but-piece, and thus capable
of being used either as a pistol or a carbine. -- Pistol pipe (Metal.),
a pipe in which the blast for a furnace is heated, resembling a pistol
in form. -- Pistol shot. (a) The discharge of a pistol. (b) The
distance to which a pistol can propel a ball.

Pis"tol, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pistoled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pistoling.]
[Cf. F. pistoler.] To shoot with a pistol. "To pistol a poacher."
Sydney Smith.

Pis"to*lade` (?), n. [F.] A pistol shot.

Pis*tole" (?), n. [F., probably a name given in jest in France to a
Spanish coin. Cf. Pistol.] The name of certain gold coins of various
values formerly coined in some countries of Europe. In Spain it was
equivalent to a quarter doubloon, or about $3.90, and in Germany and
Italy nearly the same. There was an old Italian pistole worth about
$5.40.

Pis`to*leer" (?), n. [Cf. F. pistolier.] One who uses a pistol. [R.]
Carlyle.

Pis"to*let` (?), n. [F., a dim. of pistole.] A small pistol. Donne.
Beau. & Fl.

<! p. 1091 !>

Pis"ton (?), n. [F. piston; cf. It. pistone piston, also pestone a
large pestle; all fr. L. pinsere, pistum, to pound, to stamp. See
Pestle, Pistil.] (Mach.) A sliding piece which either is moved by, or
moves against, fluid pressure. It usually consists of a short cylinder
fitting within a cylindrical vessel along which it moves, back and
forth. It is used in steam engines to receive motion from the steam,
and in pumps to transmit motion to a fluid; also for other purposes.

Piston head (Steam Eng.), that part of a piston which is made fast to
the piston rod. -- Piston rod, a rod by which a piston is moved, or by
which it communicates motion. -- Piston valve (Steam Eng.), a slide
valve, consisting of a piston, or connected pistons, working in a
cylindrical case which is provided with ports that are traversed by the
valve.

Pit (?), n. [OE. pit, put, AS. pytt a pit, hole, L. puteus a well,
pit.] 1. A large cavity or hole in the ground, either natural or
artificial; a cavity in the surface of a body; an indentation;
specifically: (a) The shaft of a coal mine; a coal pit. (b) A large
hole in the ground from which material is dug or quarried; as, a stone
pit; a gravel pit; or in which material is made by burning; as, a lime
pit; a charcoal pit. (c) A vat sunk in the ground; as, a tan pit.

    Tumble me into some loathsome pit.


Shak.

2. Any abyss; especially, the grave, or hades.

    Back to the infernal pit I drag thee chained.


Milton.

    He keepth back his soul from the pit.


Job xxxiii. 18.

3. A covered deep hole for entrapping wild beasts; a pitfall; hence, a
trap; a snare. Also used figuratively.

    The anointed of the Lord was taken in their pits.


Lam. iv. 20.

4. A depression or hollow in the surface of the human body; as: (a) The
hollow place under the shoulder or arm; the axilla, or armpit. (b) See
Pit of the stomach (below). (c) The indentation or mark left by a
pustule, as in smallpox.

5. Formerly, that part of a theater, on the floor of the house, below
the level of the stage and behind the orchestra; now, in England,
commonly the part behind the stalls; in the United States, the parquet;
also, the occupants of such a part of a theater.

6. An inclosed area into which gamecocks, dogs, and other animals are
brought to fight, or where dogs are trained to kill rats. "As fiercely
as two gamecocks in the pit." Locke.

7. [Cf. D. pit, akin to E. pith.] (Bot.) (a) The endocarp of a drupe,
and its contained seed or seeds; a stone; as, a peach pit; a cherry
pit, etc. (b) A depression or thin spot in the wall of a duct.

Cold pit (Hort.), an excavation in the earth, lined with masonry or
boards, and covered with glass, but not artificially heated, -- used in
winter for the storing and protection of half-hardly plants, and
sometimes in the spring as a forcing bed. -- Pit coal, coal dug from
the earth; mineral coal. -- Pit frame, the framework over the shaft of
a coal mine. -- Pit head, the surface of the ground at the mouth of a
pit or mine. -- Pit kiln, an oven for coking coal. -- Pit martin
(Zoˆl.), the bank swallow. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pit of the stomach (Anat.),
the depression on the middle line of the epigastric region of the
abdomen at the lower end of the sternum; the infrasternal depression.
-- Pit saw (Mech.), a saw worked by two men, one of whom stands on the
log and the other beneath it. The place of the latter is often in a
pit, whence the name. -- Pit viper (Zoˆl.), any viperine snake having a
deep pit on each side of the snout. The rattlesnake and copperhead are
examples. - - Working pit (Min.), a shaft in which the ore is hoisted
and the workmen carried; -- in distinction from a shaft used for the
pumps.

Pit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pitting.] 1. To
place or put into a pit or hole.

    They lived like beasts, and were pitted like beasts, tumbled into
    the grave.


T. Grander.

2. To mark with little hollows, as by various pustules; as, a face
pitted by smallpox.

3. To introduce as an antagonist; to set forward for or in a contest;
as, to pit one dog against another.

||Pi"ta (?), n. [Sp.] (Bot.) (a) A fiber obtained from the Agave
||Americana and other related species, -- used for making cordage and
||paper. Called also pita fiber, and pita thread. (b) The plant which
||yields the fiber.

Pit`a*ha"ya (?), n. [Sp., prob. from the native name.] (Bot.) A
cactaceous shrub (Cereus Pitajaya) of tropical America, which yields a
delicious fruit.

Pit"a*pat` (?), adv. [An onomatopoetic reduplication of pat a light,
quick blow.] In a flutter; with palpitation or quick succession of
beats. Lowell. "The fox's heart went pitapat." L'Estrange.

Pit"a*pat`, n. A light, repeated sound; a pattering, as of the rain.
"The pitapat of a pretty foot." Dryden.

Pitch (?), n. [OE. pich, AS. pic, L. pix; akin to Gr. &?;.] 1. A thick,
black, lustrous, and sticky substance obtained by boiling down tar. It
is used in calking the seams of ships; also in coating rope, canvas,
wood, ironwork, etc., to preserve them.

    He that toucheth pitch shall be defiled therewith.


Ecclus. xiii. 1.

2. (Geol.) See Pitchstone.

Amboyna pitch, the resin of Dammara australis. See Kauri. -- Burgundy
pitch. See under Burgundy. -- Canada pitch, the resinous exudation of
the hemlock tree (Abies Canadensis); hemlock gum. -- Jew's pitch,
bitumen. -- Mineral pitch. See Bitumen and Asphalt. -- Pitch coal
(Min.), bituminous coal. -- Pitch peat (Min.), a black homogeneous
peat, with a waxy luster. -- Pitch pine (Bot.), any one of several
species of pine, yielding pitch, esp. the Pinus rigida of North
America.

Pitch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pitching.] [See
Pitch, n.] 1. To cover over or smear with pitch. Gen. vi. 14.

2. Fig.: To darken; to blacken; to obscure.

    The welkin pitched with sullen could.


Addison.

Pitch (?), v. t. [OE. picchen; akin to E. pick, pike.] 1. To throw,
generally with a definite aim or purpose; to cast; to hurl; to toss;
as, to pitch quoits; to pitch hay; to pitch a ball.

2. To thrust or plant in the ground, as stakes or poles; hence, to fix
firmly, as by means of poles; to establish; to arrange; as, to pitch a
tent; to pitch a camp.

3. To set, face, or pave with rubble or undressed stones, as an
embankment or a roadway. Knight.

4. To fix or set the tone of; as, to pitch a tune.

5. To set or fix, as a price or value. [Obs.] Shak.

Pitched battle, a general battle; a battle in which the hostile forces
have fixed positions; -- in distinction from a skirmish. -- To pitch
into, to attack; to assault; to abuse. [Slang]

Pitch, v. i. 1. To fix or place a tent or temporary habitation; to
encamp. "Laban with his brethren pitched in the Mount of Gilead." Gen.
xxxi. 25.

2. To light; to settle; to come to rest from flight.

    The tree whereon they [the bees] pitch.


Mortimer.

3. To fix one's choise; -- with on or upon.

    Pitch upon the best course of life, and custom will render it the
    more easy.


Tillotson.

4. To plunge or fall; esp., to fall forward; to decline or slope; as,
to pitch from a precipice; the vessel pitches in a heavy sea; the field
pitches toward the east.

Pitch and pay, an old aphorism which inculcates ready-money payment, or
payment on delivery of goods. Shak.

Pitch, n. 1. A throw; a toss; a cast, as of something from the hand;
as, a good pitch in quoits.

Pitch and toss, a game played by tossing up a coin, and calling "Heads
or tails;" hence: To play pitch and toss with (anything), to be
careless or trust to luck about it. "To play pitch and toss with the
property of the country." G. Eliot. -- Pitch farthing. See Chuck
farthing, under 5th Chuck.

2. (Cricket) That point of the ground on which the ball pitches or
lights when bowled.

3. A point or peak; the extreme point or degree of elevation or
depression; hence, a limit or bound.

    Driven headlong from the pitch of heaven, down Into this deep.


Milton.

    Enterprises of great pitch and moment.


Shak.

    To lowest pitch of abject fortune.


Milton.

    He lived when learning was at its highest pitch.


Addison.

    The exact pitch, or limits, where temperance ends.


Sharp.

4. Height; stature. [Obs.] Hudibras.

5. A descent; a fall; a thrusting down.

6. The point where a declivity begins; hence, the declivity itself; a
descending slope; the degree or rate of descent or slope; slant; as, a
steep pitch in the road; the pitch of a roof.

7. (Mus.) The relative acuteness or gravity of a tone, determined by
the number of vibrations which produce it; the place of any tone upon a
scale of high and low.

Musical tones with reference to absolute pitch, are named after the
first seven letters of the alphabet; with reference to relative pitch,
in a series of tones called the scale, they are called one, two, three,
four, five, six, seven, eight. Eight is also one of a new scale an
octave higher, as one is eight of a scale an octave lower.

8. (Mining) The limit of ground set to a miner who receives a share of
the ore taken out.

9. (Mech.) (a) The distance from center to center of any two adjacent
teeth of gearing, measured on the pitch line; -- called also circular
pitch. (b) The length, measured along the axis, of a complete turn of
the thread of a screw, or of the helical lines of the blades of a screw
propeller. (c) The distance between the centers of holes, as of rivet
holes in boiler plates.

Concert pitch (Mus.), the standard of pitch used by orchestras, as in
concerts, etc. -- Diametral pitch (Gearing), the distance which bears
the same relation to the pitch proper, or circular pitch, that the
diameter of a circle bears to its circumference; it is sometimes
described by the number expressing the quotient obtained by dividing
the number of teeth in a wheel by the diameter of its pitch circle in
inches; as, 4 pitch, 8 pitch, etc. -- Pitch chain, a chain, as one made
of metallic plates, adapted for working with a sprocket wheel. -- Pitch
line, or Pitch circle (Gearing), an ideal line, in a toothed gear or
rack, bearing such a relation to a corresponding line in another gear,
with which the former works, that the two lines will have a common
velocity as in rolling contact; it usually cuts the teeth at about the
middle of their height, and, in a circular gear, is a circle concentric
with the axis of the gear; the line, or circle, on which the pitch of
teeth is measured. -- Pitch of a roof (Arch.), the inclination or slope
of the sides expressed by the height in parts of the span; as, one half
pitch; whole pitch; or by the height in parts of the half span,
especially among engineers; or by degrees, as a pitch of 30∞, of 45∞,
etc.; or by the rise and run, that is, the ratio of the height to the
half span; as, a pitch of six rise to ten run. Equilateral pitch is
where the two sloping sides with the span form an equilateral triangle.
-- Pitch of a plane (Carp.), the slant of the cutting iron. -- Pitch
pipe, a wind instrument used by choristers in regulating the pitch of a
tune. -- Pitch point (Gearing), the point of contact of the pitch lines
of two gears, or of a rack and pinion, which work together.

Pitch"-black` (?), a. Black as pitch or tar.

Pitch"blende` (?), n. [1st pitch + blende.] (Min.) A pitch-black
mineral consisting chiefly of the oxide of uranium; uraninite. See
Uraninite.

Pitch"-dark`, a. Dark as a pitch; pitch-black.

Pitch"er (?), n. 1. One who pitches anything, as hay, quoits, a ball,
etc.; specifically (Baseball), the player who delivers the ball to the
batsman.

2. A sort of crowbar for digging. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Pitch"er (?), n. [OE. picher, OF. pichier, OHG. pehhar, pehhri; prob.
of the same origin as E. beaker. Cf. Beaker.] 1. A wide-mouthed, deep
vessel for holding liquids, with a spout or protruding lip and a
handle; a water jug or jar with a large ear or handle.

2. (Bot.) A tubular or cuplike appendage or expansion of the leaves of
certain plants.

American pitcher plants, the species of Sarracenia. See Sarracenia. --
Australian pitcher plant, the Cephalotus follicularis, a low
saxifragaceous herb having two kinds of radical leaves, some
oblanceolate and entire, others transformed into little ovoid pitchers,
longitudinally triple-winged and ciliated, the mouth covered with a lid
shaped like a cockleshell. -- California pitcher plant, the
Darlingtonia California. See Darlingtonia. -- Pitcher plant, any plant
with the whole or a part of the leaves transformed into pitchers or
cuplike organs, especially the species of Nepenthes. See Nepenthes.

Pitch"er*ful (?), n.; pl. Pitcherfuls (&?;). The quantity a pitcher
will hold.

Pitch"-faced` (?), a. (Stone Cutting) Having the arris defined by a
line beyond which the rock is cut away, so as to give nearly true
edges; -- said of squared stones that are otherwise quarry-faced.

Pitch"fork` (?), n. A fork, or farming utensil, used in pitching hay,
sheaves of grain, or the like.

Pitch"fork`, v. t. To pitch or throw with, or as with, a pitchfork.

    He has been pitchforked into the footguards.


G. A. Sala.

Pitch"i*ness (?), n. [From Pitchy.] Blackness, as of pitch; darkness.

Pitch"ing, n. 1. The act of throwing or casting; a cast; a pitch; as,
wild pitching in baseball.

2. The rough paving of a street to a grade with blocks of stone.
Mayhew.

3. (Hydraul. Eng.) A facing of stone laid upon a bank to prevent wear
by tides or currents.

Pitching piece (Carp.), the horizontal timber supporting the floor of a
platform of a stairway, and against which the stringpieces of the
sloping parts are supported.

Pitch"-ore` (?), n. (Min.) Pitchblende.

Pitch"stone` (?), n. (Geol.) An igneous rock of semiglassy nature,
having a luster like pitch.

Pitch"work` (?), n. The work of a coal miner who is paid by a share of
his product.

Pitch"y (?), a. [From 1st Pitch.] 1. Partaking of the qualities of
pitch; resembling pitch.

2. Smeared with pitch.

3. Black; pitch-dark; dismal. "Pitchy night." Shak.

Pit"e*ous (?), a. [OE. pitous, OF. pitos, F. piteux. See Pity.] 1.
Pious; devout. [Obs.]

    The Lord can deliver piteous men from temptation.


Wyclif.

2. Evincing pity, compassion, or sympathy; compassionate; tender.
"[She] piteous of his case." Pope.

    She was so charitable and so pitous.


Chaucer.

3. Fitted to excite pity or sympathy; wretched; miserable; lamentable;
sad; as, a piteous case. Spenser.

    The most piteous tale of Lear.


Shak.

4. Paltry; mean; pitiful. "Piteous amends." Milton.

Syn. -- Sorrowful; mournful; affecting; doleful; woeful; rueful; sad;
wretched; miserable; pitiable; pitiful; compassionate.

-- Pit"e*ous*ly, adv. -- Pit"e*ous*ness, n.

Pit"fall` (?), n. A pit deceitfully covered to entrap wild beasts or
men; a trap of any kind. Sir T. North.

Pit"fall`ing, a. Entrapping; insnaring. [R.] "Full of . . .
contradiction and pitfalling dispenses." Milton.

Pith (?), n. [AS. pi&?;a; akin to D. pit pith, kernel, LG. peddik. Cf.
Pit a kernel.] 1. (Bot.) The soft spongy substance in the center of the
stems of many plants and trees, especially those of the dicotyledonous
or exogenous classes. It consists of cellular tissue.

2. (a) (Zoˆl.) The spongy interior substance of a feather. (b) (Anat.)
The spinal cord; the marrow.

3. Hence: The which contains the strength of life; the vital or
essential part; concentrated force; vigor; strength; importance; as,
the speech lacked pith.

    Enterprises of great pith and moment.


Shak.

Pith paper. Same as Rice paper, under Rice.

Pith, v. t. (Physiol.) To destroy the central nervous system of (an
animal, as a frog), as by passing a stout wire or needle up and down
the vertebral canal.

||Pi*the"ci (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; an ape.] (Zoˆl.) A division
||of mammals including the apes and monkeys. Sometimes used in the
||sense of Primates.

Pith"e*coid (?), a. [Gr. &?; an ape + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) 1. Of or
pertaining to the genus Pithecia, or subfamily PithecinÊ, which
includes the saki, ouakari, and other allied South American monkeys.

2. Of or pertaining to the anthropoid apes in particular, or to the
higher apes of the Old World, collectively.

Pith"ful (?), a. Full of pith. [R.] W. Browne.

Pith"i*ly (?), adv. In a pithy manner.

Pith"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being pithy.

Pith"less, a. Destitute of pith, or of strength; feeble. Dryden.
"Pithless argumentation." Glandstone.

Pit"-hole` (?), n. A pit; a pockmark.

Pith"some (?), a. Pithy; robust. [R.] "Pithsome health and vigor." R.
D. Blackmore.

Pith"y (?), a. [Compar. Pithier (?); superl. Pithiest.] 1. Consisting
wholly, or in part, of pith; abounding in pith; as, a pithy stem; a
pithy fruit.

2. Having nervous energy; forceful; cogent.

    This pithy speech prevailed, and all agreed.


Dryden.

    In all these Goodman Fact was very short, but pithy.


Addison.

Pithy gall (Zoˆl.), a large, rough, furrowed, oblong gall, formed on
blackberry canes by a small gallfly (Diastrophus nebulosus).

<! p. 1092 !>

Pit"i*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. pitiable, F. pitoyable.] Deserving pity;
wworthy of, or exciting, compassion; miserable; lamentable; piteous;
as, pitiable persons; a pitiable condition; pitiable wretchedness.

Syn. -- Sorrowful; woeful; sad. See Piteous.

-- Pit"i*a*ble*ness, n. -- Pit"i*a*bly, adv.

Pit"i*er (?), n. One who pities. Gauden.

Pit"i*ful (?), a. 1. Full of pity; tender-hearted; compassionate; kind;
merciful; sympathetic.

    The Lord is very pitiful, and of tender mercy.


James v. 11.

2. Piteous; lamentable; eliciting compassion.

    A thing, indeed, very pitiful and horrible.


Spenser.

3. To be pitied for littleness or meanness; miserable; paltry;
contemptible; despicable.

    That's villainous, and shows a most pitiful ambition in the fool
    that uses it.


Shak.

Syn. -- Despicable; mean; paltry. See Contemptible.

-- Pit"i*ful*ly, adv. -- Pit"i*ful*ness, n.

Pit"i*less, a. 1. Destitute of pity; hard-hearted; merciless; as, a
pitilessmaster; pitiless elements.

2. Exciting no pity; as, a pitiless condition.

-- Pit"i*less*ly, adv. -- Pit"i*less*ness, n.

Pit"man (?), n.; pl. Pitmen (&?;). 1. One who works in a pit, as in
mining, in sawing timber, etc.

2. (Mach.) The connecting rod in a sawmill; also, sometimes, a
connecting rod in other machinery.

Pi*tot's" tube` (?). (Hydraul.) A bent tube used to determine the
velocity of running water, by placing the curved end under water, and
observing the height to which the fluid rises in the tube; a kind of
current meter.

Pit"pan` (?), n. A long, flat- bottomed canoe, used for the navigation
of rivers and lagoons in Central America. Squier.

Pit"pat` (?), n. & adv. See Pitapat.

Pit"ta (pt"t), n. (Zoˆl.) Any one of a large group of bright-colored
clamatorial birds belonging to Pitta, and allied genera of the family
PittidÊ. Most of the species are varied with three or more colors, such
as blue, green, crimson, yellow, purple, and black. They are called
also ground thrushes, and Old World ant thrushes; but they are not
related to the true thrushes.

The pittas are most abundant in the East Indies, but some inhabit
Southern Asia, Africa, and Australia. They live mostly upon the ground,
and feed upon insects of various kinds.

Pit"ta*cal (pt"t*kl), n. [Gr. pi`tta, pi`ssa, pitch + kalo`s beautiful:
cf. F. pittacale.] (Chem.) A dark blue substance obtained from wood
tar. It consists of hydrocarbons which when oxidized form the
orange-yellow eupittonic compounds, the salts of which are dark blue.

Pit"tance (pt"tans), n. [OE. pitance, pitaunce, F. pitance; cf. It.
pietanza, LL. pitancia, pittantia, pictantia; perh. fr. L. pietas pity,
piety, or perhaps akin to E. petty. Cf. Petty, and Pity.] 1. An
allowance of food bestowed in charity; a mess of victuals; hence, a
small charity gift; a dole. "A good pitaunce." Chaucer.

    One half only of this pittance was ever given him in money.


Macaulay.

2. A meager portion, quantity, or allowance; an inconsiderable salary
or compensation. "The small pittance of learning they received." Swift.

    The inconsiderable pittance of faithful professors.


Fuller.

Pit"ted (-td), a. 1. Marked with little pits, as in smallpox. See Pit,
v. t., 2.

2. (Bot.) Having minute thin spots; as, pitted ducts in the vascular
parts of vegetable tissue.

Pit"ter (?), n. A contrivance for removing the pits from peaches,
plums, and other stone fruit.

Pit"ter, v. i. To make a pattering sound; to murmur; as, pittering
streams. [Obs.] R. Greene.

Pit"tle-pat`tle (?), v. i. To talk unmeaningly; to chatter or prattle.
[R.] Latimer.

Pi*tu"i*ta*ry (?), a. [L. pituita phlegm, pituite: cf. F. pituitarie.]
(Anat.) (a) Secreting mucus or phlegm; as, the pituitary membrane, or
the mucous membrane which lines the nasal cavities. (b) Of or
pertaining to the pituitary body; as, the pituitary fossa.

Pituitary body or gland (Anat.), a glandlike body of unknown function,
situated in the pituitary fossa, and connected with the infundibulum of
the brain; the hypophysis. -- Pituitary fossa (Anat.), the ephippium.

Pit"u*ite (?), n. [L. pituita: cf. F. pituite. Cf. Pip a disease of
fowls.] Mucus, phlegm.

Pi*tu"i*tous (?), a. [L. pituitosus: cf. F. pituiteux.] Consisting of,
or resembling, pituite or mucus; full of mucus; discharging mucus.

Pituitous fever (Med.), typhoid fever; enteric fever.

Pit"y (?), n.; pl. Pities (#). [OE. pite, OF. pitÈ, pitiÈ, F. pitiÈ, L.
pietas piety, kindness, pity. See Pious, and cf. Piety.] 1. Piety.
[Obs.] Wyclif.

2. A feeling for the sufferings or distresses of another or others;
sympathy with the grief or misery of another; compassion;
fellow-feeling; commiseration.

    He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth unto the Lord.


Prov. xix. 17.

    He . . . has no more pity in him than a dog.


Shak.

3. A reason or cause of pity, grief, or regret; a thing to be
regretted. "The more the pity." Shak.

    What pity is it That we can die but once to serve our country!


Addison.

In this sense, sometimes used in the plural, especially in the
colloquialism: "It is a thousand pities."

Syn. -- Compassion; mercy; commiseration; condolence; sympathy,
fellow-suffering; fellow-feeling. -- Pity, Sympathy, Compassion.
Sympathy is literally fellow-feeling, and therefore requiers a certain
degree of equality in situation, circumstances, etc., to its fullest
exercise. Compassion is deep tenderness for another under severe or
inevitable misfortune. Pity regards its object not only as suffering,
but weak, and hence as inferior.

Pit"y (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pitying.] 1.
To feel pity or compassion for; to have sympathy with; to
compassionate; to commiserate; to have tender feelings toward (any
one), awakened by a knowledge of suffering.

    Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them
    that fear him.


Ps. ciii. 13.

2. To move to pity; -- used impersonally. [Obs.]

    It pitieth them to see her in the dust.


Bk. of Com. Prayer.

Pit"y, v. i. To be compassionate; to show pity.

    I will not pity, nor spare, nor have mercy.


Jer. xiii. 14.

Pit"y*ing, a. Expressing pity; as, a pitying eye, glance, or word. --
Pit"y*ing*ly, adv.

||Pit`y*ri"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, lit., bran.]
||(Med.) A superficial affection of the skin, characterized by
||irregular patches of thin scales which are shed in branlike
||particles.

||Pityriasis versicolor [NL.] (Med.), a parasitic disease of the skin,
||characterized by the development of reddish or brownish patches.

Pit"y*roid (?), a. [Gr. &?; bran + - oid.] Having the form of, or
resembling, bran. Smart.

||Pi"˘ (?), adv. [It., fr. L. plus. See Plus.] (Mus.) A little more;
||as, pi˘ allegro, a little more briskly.

Piv"ot (?), n. [F.; prob. akin to It. piva pipe, F. pipe. See Pipe.] 1.
A fixed pin or short axis, on the end of which a wheel or other body
turns.

2. The end of a shaft or arbor which rests and turns in a support; as,
the pivot of an arbor in a watch.

3. Hence, figuratively: A turning point or condition; that on which
important results depend; as, the pivot of an enterprise.

4. (Mil.) The officer or soldier who simply turns in his place whike
the company or line moves around him in wheeling; -- called also pivot
man.

Pivot bridge, a form of drawbridge in which one span, called the pivot
span, turns about a central vertical axis. -- Pivot gun, a gun mounted
on a pivot or revolving carriage, so as to turn in any direction. --
Pivot tooth (Dentistry), an artificial crown attached to the root of a
natural tooth by a pin or peg.

Piv"ot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pivoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pivoting.] To
place on a pivot. Clarke.

Piv"ot*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pivot or turning point;
belonging to, or constituting, a pivot; of the nature of a pivot; as,
the pivotalopportunity of a career; the pivotal position in a battle.

Pix (?), n. & v. See Pyx.

{ Pix"y, Pix"ie } (?), n.; pl. Pixies (#). [For Pucksy, from Puck.] 1.
An old English name for a fairy; an elf. [Written also picksy.]

2. (Bot.) A low creeping evergreen plant (Pyxidanthera barbulata), with
mosslike leaves and little white blossoms, found in New Jersey and
southward, where it flowers in earliest spring.

Pixy ring, a fairy ring or circle. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pixy stool (Bot.), a
toadstool or mushroom. [Prov. Eng.]

Pix"y-led` (?), a. Led by pixies; bewildered.

||Piz`zi*ca"to (?). [It., pinched.] (Mus.) A direction to violinists to
||pluck the string with the finger, instead of using the bow. (Abrev.
||pizz.)

Piz"zle (?), n. [Cf. Prov. G. pissel, pesel, peisel, peserich, D. pees
a tendon or spring.] The penis; -- so called in some animals, as the
bull. Shak.

Pla`ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. placabilitas: cf. F. placabilitÈ.] The
quality or state of being placable or appeasable; placable disposition.

Pla"ca*ble (?), a. [L. placabilis, fr. placare to quiet, pacify: cf. F.
placable. See Placate.] Capable of being appeased or pacified; ready or
willing to be pacified; willing to forgive or condone.

    Methought I saw him placable and mild.


Milton.

Pla"ca*ble*ness, n. The quality of being placable.

Pla*card" (?), n. [F., fr. plaquer to lay or clap on, plaque plate,
tablet; probably from Dutch, cf. D. plakken to paste, post up, plak a
flat piece of wood.] 1. A public proclamation; a manifesto or edict
issued by authority. [Obs.]

    All placards or edicts are published in his name.


Howell.

2. Permission given by authority; a license; as, to give a placard to
do something. [Obs.] ller.

3. A written or printed paper, as an advertisement or a declaration,
posted, or to be posted, in a public place; a poster.

4. (Anc. Armor) An extra plate on the lower part of the breastplate or
backplate. PlanchÈ.

5. [Cf. Placket.] A kind of stomacher, often adorned with jewels, worn
in the fifteenth century and later.

Pla*card", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Placarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Placarding.]
1. To post placards upon or within; as, to placard a wall, to placard
the city.

2. To announce by placards; as, to placard a sale.

Plac"ate (?), n. Same as Placard, 4 & 5.

Pla"cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Placated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Placating.] [L. placatus, p. p. of placare to placate, akin to placere
to please. See Please.] To appease; to pacify; to concilate. "Therefore
is he always propitiated and placated." Cudworth.

Pla*ca"tion (?), n. [L. placatio.] The act of placating. [R.] Puttenham
(1589).

Place (?), n. [F., fr. L. platea a street, an area, a courtyard, from
Gr. platei^a a street, properly fem. of platy`s, flat, broad; akin to
Skr. pthu, Lith. platus. Cf. Flawn, Piazza, Plate, Plaza.] 1. Any
portion of space regarded as measured off or distinct from all other
space, or appropriated to some definite object or use; position;
ground; site; spot; rarely, unbounded space.

    Here is the place appointed.


Shak.

    What place can be for us Within heaven's bound?


Milton.

    The word place has sometimes a more confused sense, and stands for
    that space which any body takes up; and so the universe is a place.


Locke.

2. A broad way in a city; an open space; an area; a court or short part
of a street open only at one end. "Hangman boys in the market place."
Shak.

3. A position which is occupied and held; a dwelling; a mansion; a
village, town, or city; a fortified town or post; a stronghold; a
region or country.

    Are you native of this place?


Shak.

4. Rank; degree; grade; order of priority, advancement, dignity, or
importance; especially, social rank or position; condition; also,
official station; occupation; calling. "The enervating magic of place."
Hawthorne.

    Men in great place are thrice servants.


Bacon.

    I know my place as I would they should do theirs.


Shak.

5. Vacated or relinquished space; room; stead (the departure or removal
of another being or thing being implied). "In place of Lord Bassanio."
Shak.

6. A definite position or passage of a document.

    The place of the scripture which he read was this.


Acts viii. 32.

7. Ordinal relation; position in the order of proceeding; as, he said
in the first place.

8. Reception; effect; -- implying the making room for.

    My word hath no place in you.


John viii. 37.

9. (Astron.) Position in the heavens, as of a heavenly body; -- usually
defined by its right ascension and declination, or by its latitude and
longitude.

Place of arms (Mil.), a place calculated for the rendezvous of men in
arms, etc., as a fort which affords a safe retreat for hospitals,
magazines, etc. Wilhelm. -- High place (Script.), a mount on which
sacrifices were offered. "Him that offereth in the high place." Jer.
xlviii. 35. -- In place, in proper position; timely. -- Out of place,
inappropriate; ill-timed; as, his remarks were out of place. -- Place
kick (Football), the act of kicking the ball after it has been placed
on the ground. -- Place name, the name of a place or locality. London
Academy. -- To give place, to make room; to yield; to give way; to give
advantage. "Neither give place to the devil." Eph. iv. 27. "Let all the
rest give place." Shak. -- To have place, to have a station, room, or
seat; as, such desires can have no place in a good heart. -- To take
place. (a) To come to pass; to occur; as, the ceremony will not take
place. (b) To take precedence or priority. Addison. (c) To take effect;
to prevail. "If your doctrine takes place." Berkeley. "But none of
these excuses would take place." Spenser. - - To take the place of, to
be substituted for.

Syn. -- Situation; seat; abode; position; locality; location; site;
spot; office; employment; charge; function; trust; ground; room; stead.

Place (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Placed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Placing
(?).] [Cf. F. placer. See Place, n.] 1. To assign a place to; to put in
a particular spot or place, or in a certain relative position; to
direct to a particular place; to fix; to settle; to locate; as, to
place a book on a shelf; to place balls in tennis.

    Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown.


Shak.

2. To put or set in a particular rank, office, or position; to surround
with particular circumstances or relations in life; to appoint to
certain station or condition of life; as, in whatever sphere one is
placed.

    Place such over them to be rulers.


Ex. xviii. 21.

3. To put out at interest; to invest; to loan; as, to place money in a
bank.

4. To set; to fix; to repose; as, to place confidence in a friend. "My
resolution 's placed." Shak.

5. To attribute; to ascribe; to set down.

    Place it for her chief virtue.


Shak.

To place (a person), to identify him. [Colloq. U.S.]

Syn. -- See Put.

||Pla*ce"bo (?), n. [L., I shall please, fut. of placere to please.] 1.
||(R. C. Ch.) The first antiphon of the vespers for the dead.

2. (Med.) A prescription intended to humor or satisfy.

To sing placebo, to agree with one in his opinion; to be complaisant
to. Chaucer.

Place"ful (?), a. In the appointed place. [Obs.]

Place"less, a. Having no place or office.

Place"man (?), n.; pl. Placemen (&?;). One who holds or occupies a
place; one who has office under government. Sir W. Scott.

Place"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. placement.] 1. The act of placing, or the
state of being placed.

2. Position; place.

Pla*cen"ta (?), n.; pl. L. PlacentÊ (#), E. Placentas (#). [L., a cake,
Gr. &?; a flat cake, from &?; flat, fr. &?;, &?;, anything flat and
broad.] 1. (Anat.) The vascular appendage which connects the fetus with
the parent, and is cast off in parturition with the afterbirth.

In most mammals the placenta is principally developed from the
allantois and chorion, and tufts of vascular villi on its surface
penetrate the blood vessels of the parental uterus, and thus establish
a nutritive and excretory connection between the blood of the fetus and
that of the parent, though the blood itself does not flow from one to
the other.

2. (Bot.) The part of a pistil or fruit to which the ovules or seeds
are attached.

Pla*cen"tal (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the placenta; having, or
characterized by having, a placenta; as, a placental mammal.

2. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Placentalia.

Pla*cen"tal, n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Placentalia.

<! p. 1093 !>

||Plac`en*ta"li*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A division of Mammalia
||including those that have a placenta, or all the orders above the
||marsupials.

Pla*cen"ta*ry (?), a. Having reference to the placenta; as, the
placentary system of classification.

Plac`en*ta"tion (?), n. 1. (Anat.) The mode of formation of the
placenta in different animals; as, the placentation of mammals.

2. (Bot.) The mode in which the placenta is arranged or composed; as,
axile placentation; parietal placentation.

Plac`en*tif"er*ous (?), a. [Placenta + -ferous.] (Bot. & Zoˆl.) Having
or producing a placenta.

Pla*cen"ti*form (?), a. [Placenta + -form.] (Bot.) Having the shape of
a placenta, or circular thickened disk somewhat thinner about the
middle.

Pla*cen"tious (?), a. [See Please.] Pleasing; amiable. [Obs.] "A
placentious person." Fuller.

Place"-proud` (?), a. Proud of rank or office. Beau. & Fl.

Pla"cer (?), n. One who places or sets. Spenser.

Plac"er (?), n. [Sp.] A deposit of earth, sand, or gravel, containing
valuable mineral in particles, especially by the side of a river, or in
the bed of a mountain torrent. [U.S.]

||Pla"cet (?), n. [L. placet it pleases.] 1. A vote of assent, as of
||the governing body of a university, of an ecclesiastical council,
||etc.

2. The assent of the civil power to the promulgation of an
ecclesiastical ordinance. Shipley.

    The king . . . annulled the royal placet.


J. P. Peters.

Plac"id (?), a. [L. placidus, originally, pleasing, mild, from placere
to please: cf. F. placide. See Please.] Pleased; contented; unruffied;
undisturbed; serene; peaceful; tranquil; quiet; gentle. "That placid
aspect and meek regard." Milton. "Sleeping . . . the placid sleep of
infancy." Macaulay.

Pla*cid"i*ty (?), n. [L. placiditas: cf. F. placiditÈ.] The quality or
state of being placid; calmness; serenity. Hawthorne.

Plac"id*ly (?), adv. In a placid manner.

Plac"id*ness, n. The quality or state of being placid.

Plac"it (?), n. [L. placitum. See Plea.] A decree or determination; a
dictum. [Obs.] "The placits and opinions of other philosophers."
Evelyn.

Plac"i*to*ry (?), a. [See Placit.] Of or pertaining to pleas or
pleading, in courts of law. [Obs.] Clayton.

||Plac"i*tum (?), n.; pl. Placita (#). [LL. See Placit.] 1. A public
||court or assembly in the Middle Ages, over which the sovereign
||president when a consultation was held upon affairs of state. Brande
||& C.

2. (Old Eng. Law) A court, or cause in court.

3. (Law) A plea; a pleading; a judicial proceeding; a suit. Burrill.

Plack (?), n. [F. plaque a plate of metal. Cf. Plaque.] A small copper
coin formerly current in Scotland, worth less than a cent.

    With not a plack in the pocket of the poet.


Prof. Wilson.

Plack"et (?), n. [F. plaquer to lay or clap on. See Placard.] 1. A
petticoat, esp. an under petticoat; hence, a cant term for a woman.
[Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. The opening or slit left in a petticoat or skirt for convenience in
putting it on; -- called also placket hole.

3. A woman's pocket.

Plac"o*derm (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, tablet + &?; skin.] (Paleon.) One of
the Placodermi.

Plac`o*der"mal (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the placoderms;
like the placoderms.

||Plac`o*der"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) Same as Placodermi.

||Plac`o*der"mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a tablet + &?;
||skin.] (Paleon.) An extinct group of fishes, supposed to be ganoids.
||The body and head were covered with large bony plates. See Illust.
||under Pterichthys, and Coccosteus.

Plac`o*ga"noid (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the Placoganoidei.

||Plac`o*ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a tablet + NL.
||ganoidei. See Ganoidei.] (Zoˆl.) A division of ganoid fishes
||including those that have large external bony plates and a
||cartilaginous skeleton.

Plac"oid (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a tablet + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) Platelike;
having irregular, platelike, bony scales, often bearing spines;
pertaining to the placoids.

Plac"oid, n. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any fish having placoid scales, as the sharks.
(b) One of the Placoides.

||Pla*coi"des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A group of fishes including the
||sharks and rays; the Elasmobranchii; -- called also Placoidei.

Pla*coid"i*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the placoids.

||Pla*coph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?;, &?;, tablet + &?; to
||bear.] (Zoˆl.) A division of gastropod Mollusca, including the
||chitons. The back is covered by eight shelly plates. Called also
||Polyplacophora. See Illust. under Chiton, and Isopleura.

||Pla"ga (?), n.; pl. PlagÊ (#). [L. plga a blow, a welt, a stripe.]
||(Zoˆl.) A stripe of color.

Pla"gal (?), a. [F., from Gr. &?; sidewise, slanting.] (Mus.) Having a
scale running from the dominant to its octave; -- said of certain old
church modes or tunes, as opposed to those called authentic, which ran
from the tonic to its octave.

Plagal cadence, a cadence in which the final chord on the tonic is
preceded by the chord on the subdominant.

Pla"gate (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having plagÊ, or irregular enlongated color
spots.

Plage (?), n. [F., fr. L. plaga.] A region; country. [Obs.] "The plages
of the north." Chaucer.

Pla"gia*rism (?), n. [Cf. F. plagiarisme.] 1. The act or practice of
plagiarizing.

2. That which plagiarized.

Pla"gia*rist (?), n. One who plagiarizes; or purloins the words,
writings, or ideas of another, and passes them off as his own; a
literary thief; a plagiary.

Pla"gia*rize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plagiarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Plagiarizing.] To steal or purloin from the writings of another; to
appropriate without due acknowledgement (the ideas or expressions of
another).

Pla"gia*ry, v. i. To commit plagiarism.

Pla"gia*ry (?), n.; pl. Plagiaries (#). [L. plagiarius a kidnaper, a
literary thief, fr. plagium kidnaping; cf. plaga a net, perh. akin to
E. plait: cf. F. plagiaire.] 1. A manstealer; a kidnaper. [Obs.]

2. One who purloins another's expressions or ideas, and offers them as
his own; a plagiarist. Dryden.

3. Plagiarism; literary thief. Milton.

Pla"gia*ry, a. 1. Kidnaping. [Obs.] E. Browne.

2. Practicing plagiarism. Bp. Hall.

Pla`gi*he"dral (?), a. [Gr. &?; oblique + &?; base, seat.]
(Crystallog.) Having an oblique spiral arrangement of planes, as
levogyrate and dextrogyrate crystals.

Pla`gi*o*ce*phal"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; oblique + &?; the head.] (Anat.)
Having an oblique lateral deformity of the skull.

Pla`gi*o*ceph"a*ly (?), n. (Anat.) Oblique lateral deformity of the
skull.

Pla"gi*o*clase (?), n. [Gr. &?; oblique + &?; to break.] (Min.) A
general term used of any triclinic feldspar. See the Note under
Feldspar.

Pla"gi*o*nite (?), n. [Gr. &?; oblique. So called in allusion to its
usually oblique crystallization.] (Min.) A sulphide of lead and
antimony, of a blackish lead-gray color and metallic luster.

Pla`gi*o*stom"a*tous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Same as Plagiostomous.

Pla"gi*o*stome (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Plagiostomi.

||Pla`gi*os"to*mi (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; slanting + &?;, &?;,
||mouth.] (Zoˆl.) An order of fishes including the sharks and rays; --
||called also Plagiostomata.

Pla`gi*os"to*mous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Plagiostomi.

||Pla`gi*o*trem"a*ta (?), n. pl.; [NL., fr. Gr. &?; slanting + &?;,
||&?;, a hole.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Lepidosauria.

Pla`gi*o*trop"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; aslant + &?; to turn.] (Bot.) Having
the longer axis inclined away from the vertical line.

||Pla"gi*um (?), n. [L.] (Civil Law) Manstealing; kidnaping.

Pla*gose" (?), a. [L. plagosus. See Plague.] Fond of flogging; as, a
plagose master. [R.]

Plague (?), n. [L. plaga a blow, stroke, plague; akin to Gr. &?;, fr.
&?; to strike; cf. L. plangere to strike, beat. Cf. Plaint.] 1. That
which smites, wounds, or troubles; a blow; a calamity; any afflictive
evil or torment; a great trail or vexation. Shak.

    And men blasphemed God for the plague of hail.


Wyclif.

    The different plague of each calamity.


Shak.

2. (Med.) An acute malignant contagious fever, that often prevails in
Egypt, Syria, and Turkey, and has at times visited the large cities of
Europe with frightful mortality; hence, any pestilence; as, the great
London plague. "A plague upon the people fell." Tennyson.

Cattle plague. See Rinderpest. -- Plague mark, Plague spot, a spot or
mark of the plague; hence, a token of something incurable.

Plague, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plagued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plaguing.] 1.
To infest or afflict with disease, calamity, or natural evil of any
kind.

    Thus were they plagued And worn with famine.


Milton.

2. Fig.: To vex; to tease; to harass.

    She will plague the man that loves her most.


Spenser.

Syn. -- To vex; torment; distress; afflict; harass; annoy; tease;
tantalize; trouble; molest; embarrass; perplex.

Plague"ful (?), a. Abounding, or infecting, with plagues; pestilential;
as, plagueful exhalations.

Plague"less, a. Free from plagues or the plague.

Pla"guer (?), n. One who plagues or annoys.

Pla"gui*ly (?), adv. In a plaguing manner; vexatiously; extremely.
[Colloq.] "Ronsard is so plaguily stiff and stately." Landor.

Pla"guy (?), a. Vexatious; troublesome; tormenting; as, a plaguy horse.
[Colloq.] Also used adverbially; as, "He is so plaguy proud." Shak.

Plaice (?), n. [F. plaise, plais, prob. fr. L. platessa flatish,
plaice. See Place.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A European food fish (Pleuronectes
platessa), allied to the flounder, and growing to the weight of eight
or ten pounds or more. (b) A large American flounder (Paralichthys
dentatus; called also brail, puckermouth, and summer flounder. The name
is sometimes applied to other allied species. [Written also plaise.]

Plaice mouth, a mouth like that of a plaice; a small or wry mouth. [R.]
B. Jonson.

Plaid (?), n. [Gael. plaide a blanket or plaid, contr. fr. peallaid a
sheepskin, fr. peall a skin or hide. CF. Pillion.] 1. A rectangular
garment or piece of cloth, usually made of the checkered material
called tartan, but sometimes of plain gray, or gray with black stripes.
It is worn by both sexes in Scotland.

2. Goods of any quality or material of the pattern of a plaid or
tartan; a checkered cloth or pattern.

Plaid, a. Having a pattern or colors which resemble a Scotch plaid;
checkered or marked with bars or stripes at right angles to one
another; as, plaid muslin.

Plaid"ed, a. 1. Of the material of which plaids are made; tartan. "In
plaided vest." Wordsworth.

2. Wearing a plaid. Campbell.

Plaid"ing (?), n. Plaid cloth.

Plain (?), v. i. [OE. playne, pleyne, fr. F. plaindre. See Plaint.] To
lament; to bewail; to complain. [Archaic & Poetic] Milton.

    We with piteous heart unto you pleyne.


Chaucer.

Plain, v. t. To lament; to mourn over; as, to plain a loss. [Archaic &
Poetic] Sir J. Harrington.

Plain, a. [Compar. Plainer (?); superl. Plainest.] [F., level, flat,
fr. L. planus, perhaps akin to E. floor. Cf. Llano, Piano, Plan, Plane
level, a level surface.] 1. Without elevations or depressions; flat;
level; smooth; even. See Plane.

    The crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain.


Isa. xl. 4.

2. Open; clear; unencumbered; equal; fair.

    Our troops beat an army in plain fight.


Felton.

3. Not intricate or difficult; evident; manifest; obvious; clear;
unmistakable. "'T is a plain case." Shak.

4. (a) Void of extraneous beauty or ornament; without conspicious
embellishment; not rich; simple. (b) Not highly cultivated;
unsophisticated; free from show or pretension; simple; natural; homely;
common. "Plain yet pious Christians." Hammond. "The plain people." A.
Lincoln. (c) Free from affectation or disguise; candid; sincere;
artless; honest; frank. "An honest mind, and plain." Shak. (d) Not
luxurious; not highly seasoned; simple; as, plain food. (e) Without
beauty; not handsome; homely; as, a plain woman. (f) Not variegated,
dyed, or figured; as, plain muslin. (g) Not much varied by modulations;
as, a plain tune.

Plain battle, open battle; pitched battle. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Plain
chant (Mus.) Same as Plain song, below. -- Plain chart (Naut.), a chart
laid down on Mercator's projection. -- Plain dealer. (a) One who
practices plain dealing. (b) A simpleton. [Obs.] Shak. -- Plain
dealing. See under Dealing. -- Plain molding (Join.), molding of which
the surfaces are plain figures. -- Plain sewing, sewing of seams by
simple and common stitches, in distinct from fancy work, embroidery,
etc.; -- distinguished also from designing and fitting garments. --
Plain song. (a) The Gregorian chant, or canto fermo; the prescribed
melody of the Roman Catholic service, sung in unison, in tones of equal
length, and rarely extending beyond the compass of an octave. (b) A
simple melody. -- Plain speaking, plainness or bluntness of speech.

Syn. -- Level; flat; smooth; open; artless; unaffected; undisguised;
frank; sincere; honest; candid; ingenuous; unembellished; downright;
blunt; clear; simple; distinct; manifest; obvious; apparent. See
Manifest.

Plain, adv. In a plain manner; plainly. "To speak short and pleyn."
Chaucer. "To tell you plain." Shak.

Plain, n. [Cf. OF. plaigne, F. plaine. See Plain, a.] 1. Level land;
usually, an open field or a broad stretch of land with an even surface,
or a surface little varied by inequalities; as, the plain of Jordan;
the American plains, or prairies.

    Descending fro the mountain into playn.


Chaucer.

    Him the Ammonite Worshiped in Rabba and her watery plain.


Milton.

2. A field of battle. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

    Lead forth my soldiers to the plain.


Shak.

Plain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plained (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Plaining.]
[Cf. Plane, v.] 1. To plane or level; to make plain or even on the
surface. [R.]

    We would rake Europe rather, plain the East.


Wither.

2. To make plain or manifest; to explain.

    What's dumb in show, I'll plain in speech.


Shak.

Plain"ant (?), n. [See 1st Plain.] (Law) One who makes complaint; the
plaintiff. [Obs.]

Plain"-deal`ing (?), a. Practicing plain dealing; artless. See Plain
dealing, under Dealing. Shak.

Plain"-heart`ed (?), a. Frank; sincere; artless. Milton. -- Plain"-
heart`ed*ness, n.

Plain"ing, n. Complaint. [Poetic] Shak.

Plain"ing, a. Complaining. [Poetic] Bryant.

Plain"-laid` (?), a. (Naut.) Consisting of strands twisted together in
the ordinary way; as, a plain-laid rope. See Illust. of Cordage.

Plain"ly, adv. In a plain manner; clearly.

Plain"ness, n. The quality or state of being plain.

Plains"man (?), n.; pl. - men (&?;). One who lives in the plains.

Plain"-spo`ken (?), a. Speaking with plain, unreserved sincerity; also,
spoken sincerely; as, plain-spoken words. Dryden.

Plaint (?), n. [OE. plainte, pleynte, F. plainte, fr. L. plangere,
planctum (plancta, fem. p. p.), to beat, beat the breast, lament. Cf.
Complain, Plague, Plangent.] 1. Audible expression of sorrow;
lamentation; complaint; hence, a mournful song; a lament. Chaucer."The
Psalmist's mournful plaint." Wordsworth.

2. An accusation or protest on account of an injury.

    There are three just grounds of war with Spain: one of plaint, two
    upon defense.


Bacon.

3. (Law) A private memorial tendered to a court, in which a person sets
forth his cause of action; the exhibiting of an action in writing.
Blackstone.

<! p. 1094 !>

Plaint"ful (?), a. Containing a plaint; complaining; expressing sorrow
with an audible voice. "My plaintful tongue." Sir P. Sidney.

Plain"tiff (?), n. [F. plaintif making complaint, plaintive; in Old
French equiv. to plaignant complainant, prosecutor, fr. plaindre. See
Plaint, and cf. Plaintive.] (Law) One who commences a personal action
or suit to obtain a remedy for an injury to his rights; -- opposed to
defendant.

Plain"tiff, a. See Plaintive. [Obs.] Prior.

Plain"tive (?), a. [F. plaintif. See Plaintiff, n.] 1. Repining;
complaining; lamenting. Dryden.

2. Expressive of sorrow or melancholy; mournful; sad. "The most
plaintive ditty." Landor.

-- Plain"tive*ly, adv. -- Plain"tive*ness, n.

Plaint"less (?), a. Without complaint; unrepining. "Plaintless
patience." Savage.

Plai`sance" (?), n. [F.] See Pleasance.

Plaise (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Plaice. [Obs.]

Plais"ter (?), n. [Obs.] See Plaster.

Plait (?), n. [OE. playte, OF. pleit, L. plicatum, plicitum, p. p. of
plicare to fold, akin to plectere to plait. See Ply, and cf. Plat to
weave, Pleat, Plight fold.] 1. A flat fold; a doubling, as of cloth; a
pleat; as, a box plait.

    The plaits and foldings of the drapery.


Addison.

2. A braid, as of hair or straw; a plat.

Polish plait. (Med.) Same as Plica.

Plait, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plaited; p. pr. & vb. n. Plaiting.] 1. To
fold; to double in narrow folds; to pleat; as, to plait a ruffle.

2. To interweave the strands or locks of; to braid; to plat; as, to
plait hair; to plait rope.

Plait"ed, a. Folded; doubled over; braided; figuratively, involved;
intricate; artful.

    Time shall unfold what plaited cunning hides.


Shak.

Plait"er (?), n. One who, or that which, plaits.

Plan (?), n. [F., fr. L. planus flat, level. See Plain, a.] 1. A
draught or form; properly, a representation drawn on a plane, as a map
or a chart; especially, a top view, as of a machine, or the
representation or delineation of a horizontal section of anything, as
of a building; a graphic representation; a diagram.

2. A scheme devised; a method of action or procedure expressed or
described in language; a project; as, the plan of a constitution; the
plan of an expedition.

    God's plans like lines pure and white unfold.


M. R. Smith.

3. A method; a way of procedure; a custom.

    The simple plan, That they should take who have the power, And they
    should keep who can.


Wordsworth.

Body plan, Floor plan, etc. See under Body, Floor, etc.

Syn. -- Scheme; draught; delineation; plot; sketch; project; design;
contrivance; device. See Scheme.

Plan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planning.] 1. To
form a delineation of; to draught; to represent, as by a diagram.

2. To scheme; to devise; to contrive; to form in design; as, to plan
the conquest of a country.

    Even in penance, planning sins anew.


Goldsmith.

||Pla*na"ri*a (?), n.; pl. L. PlanariÊ (#), E. -rias (#). [NL. See
||Planary.] (Zoˆl.) Any species of turbellarian worms belonging to
||Planaria, and many allied genera. The body is usually flat, thin, and
||smooth. Some species, in warm countries, are terrestrial.

Pla*na"ri*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Planarida, or Dendrocúla; any
turbellarian worm. -- Pla*na"ri*an, a.

||Pla*nar"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A division of Turbellaria; the
||Dendrocúla.

Pla*na"ri*oid (?), a. [Planaria + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) Like the planarians.

Pla"na*ry (?), a. [L. planarius level. See Plane, a.] Of or pertaining
to a plane. [R.]

Planch (?), n. [F. planche.] A plank. [Obs.] Ld. Berners.

Planch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planching.]
[F. planche a board, plank. See Plank.] To make or cover with planks or
boards; to plank. [Obs.] "To that vineyard is a planched gate." Shak.

Planch"er (?), n. [F., planche. See Planch.] 1. A floor of wood; also,
a plank. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Arch.) The under side of a cornice; a soffit.

Planch"er, v. t. To form of planks. [Obs.] Golding.

Planch"et (?), n. [F. planchette a small board, dim. of planche. See
Planch.] A flat piece of metal; especially, a disk of metal ready to be
stamped as a coin.

Plan`chette" (?), n. [F. See Planchet.] 1. A circumferentor. See
Circumferentor.

2. A small tablet of wood supported on casters and having a pencil
attached. The characters produced by the pencil on paper, while the
hand rests on the instrument and it is allowed to move, are sometimes
translated as of oracular or supernatural import.

Planch"ing (?), n. The laying of floors in a building; also, a floor of
boards or planks.

Plane (?), n. [F., fr. L. platanus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; broad; -- so
called on account of its broad leaves and spreading form. See Place,
and cf. Platane, Plantain the tree.] (Bot.) Any tree of the genus
Platanus.

The Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) is a native of Asia. It rises
with a straight, smooth, branching stem to a great height, with
palmated leaves, and long pendulous peduncles, sustaining several heads
of small close-sitting flowers. The seeds are downy, and collected into
round, rough, hard balls. The Occidental plane (Platanus occidentalis),
which grows to a great height, is a native of North America, where it
is popularly called sycamore, buttonwood, and buttonball, names also
applied to the California species (Platanus racemosa).

Plane (?), a. [L. planus: cf. F. plan. See Plan, a.] Without elevations
or depressions; even; level; flat; lying in, or constituting, a plane;
as, a plane surface.

In science, this word (instead of plain) is almost exclusively used to
designate a flat or level surface.

Plane angle, the angle included between two straight lines in a plane.
-- Plane chart, Plane curve. See under Chart and Curve. -- Plane
figure, a figure all points of which lie in the same plane. If bounded
by straight lines it is a rectilinear plane figure, if by curved lines
it is a curvilinear plane figure. -- Plane geometry, that part of
geometry which treats of the relations and properties of plane figures.
-- Plane problem, a problem which can be solved geometrically by the
aid of the right line and circle only. -- Plane sailing (Naut.), the
method of computing a ship's place and course on the supposition that
the earth's surface is a plane. -- Plane scale (Naut.), a scale for the
use of navigators, on which are graduated chords, sines, tangents,
secants, rhumbs, geographical miles, etc. -- Plane surveying, surveying
in which the curvature of the earth is disregarded; ordinary field and
topographical surveying of tracts of moderate extent. -- Plane table,
an instrument used for plotting the lines of a survey on paper in the
field. -- Plane trigonometry, the branch of trigonometry in which its
principles are applied to plane triangles.

Plane, n. [F. plane, L. plana. See Plane, v. & a.] 1. (Geom.) A
surface, real or imaginary, in which, if any two points are taken, the
straight line which joins them lies wholly in that surface; or a
surface, any section of which by a like surface is a straight line; a
surface without curvature.

2. (Astron.) An ideal surface, conceived as coinciding with, or
containing, some designated astronomical line, circle, or other curve;
as, the plane of an orbit; the plane of the ecliptic, or of the
equator.

3. (Mech.) A block or plate having a perfectly flat surface, used as a
standard of flatness; a surface plate.

4. (Joinery) A tool for smoothing boards or other surfaces of wood, for
forming moldings, etc. It consists of a smooth-soled stock, usually of
wood, from the under side or face of which projects slightly the steel
cutting edge of a chisel, called the iron, which inclines backward,
with an apperture in front for the escape of shavings; as, the jack
plane; the smoothing plane; the molding plane, etc.

Objective plane (Surv.), the horizontal plane upon which the object
which is to be delineated, or whose place is to be determined, is
supposed to stand. -- Perspective plane. See Perspective. -- Plane at
infinity (Geom.), a plane in which points infinitely distant are
conceived as situated. -- Plane iron, the cutting chisel of a joiner's
plane. -- Plane of polarization. (Opt.) See Polarization. -- Plane of
projection. (a) The plane on which the projection is made,
corresponding to the perspective plane in perspective; -- called also
principal plane. (b) (Descriptive Geom.) One of the planes to which
points are referred for the purpose of determining their relative
position in space. -- Plane of refraction or reflection (Opt.), the
plane in which lie both the incident ray and the refracted or reflected
ray.

Plane, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planing.] [Cf.
F. planer, L. planare, fr. planus. See Plane, a., Plain, a., and cf.
Planish.] 1. To make smooth; to level; to pare off the inequalities of
the surface of, as of a board or other piece of wood, by the use of a
plane; as, to plane a plank.

2. To efface or remove.

    He planed away the names . . . written on his tables.


Chaucer.

3. Figuratively, to make plain or smooth. [R.]

    What student came but that you planed her path.


Tennyson.

Plane`-par"al*lel (?), a. (Optics) Having opposite surfaces exactly
plane and parallel, as a piece of glass.

Plan"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, planes; a planing machine;
esp., a machine for planing wood or metals.

2. (Print.) A wooden block used for forcing down the type in a form,
and making the surface even. Hansard.

Planer centers. See under Center.

Plan"er tree` (?). [From J. S. Planer, a German botanist.] (Bot.) A
small-leaved North American tree (Planera aquatica) related to the elm,
but having a wingless, nutlike fruit.

Plan"et (?), n. [OE. planete, F. planËte, L. planeta, fr. Gr. &?;, and
&?; a planet; prop. wandering, fr. &?; to wander, fr. &?; a wandering.]
1. (Astron.) A celestial body which revolves about the sun in an orbit
of a moderate degree of eccentricity. It is distinguished from a comet
by the absence of a coma, and by having a less eccentric orbit. See
Solar system.

The term planet was first used to distinguish those stars which have an
apparent motion through the constellations from the fixed stars, which
retain their relative places unchanged. The inferior planets are
Mercury and Venus, which are nearer to the sun than is the earth; the
superior planets are Mars, the asteroids, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and
Neptune, which are farther from the sun than is the earth. Primary
planets are those which revolve about the sun; secondary planets, or
moons, are those which revolve around the primary planets as
satellites, and at the same time revolve with them about the sun.

2. A star, as influencing the fate of a men.

    There's some ill planet reigns.


Shak.

Planet gear. (Mach.) See Epicyclic train, under Epicyclic. -- Planet
wheel, a gear wheel which revolves around the wheel with which it
meshes, in an epicyclic train.

Plane" ta`ble (?). See under Plane, a.

Plan`e*ta"ri*um (?), n. [NL.: cf. F. planÈtaire. See Planetary.] An
orrery. See Orrery.

Plan"et*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. L. planetarius an astrologer, F. planÈtaire
planetary. See Planet.] 1. Of or pertaining to the planets; as,
planetary inhabitants; planetary motions; planetary year.

2. Consisting of planets; as, a planetary system.

3. (Astrol.) Under the dominion or influence of a planet. "Skilled in
the planetary hours." Drayton.

4. Caused by planets. "A planetary plague." Shak.

5. Having the nature of a planet; erratic; revolving; wandering.
"Erratical and planetary life." Fuller.

Planetary days, the days of the week as shared among the planets known
to the ancients, each having its day. Hutton. -- Planetary nebula, a
nebula exhibiting a uniform disk, like that of a planet.

Plan"et*ed, a. Belonging to planets. [R.] Young.

{ Pla*net"ic (?), Pla*net"ic*al (?), } a. [L. planeticus, Gr. &?;.] Of
or pertaining to planets. Sir T. Browne.

Plan"et*oid (?), n. [Planet + -oid.] (Astron.) A body resembling a
planet; an asteroid.

Plan"et*oid*al (?), a. Pertaining to a planetoid.

Plane" tree` (?). (Bot.) Same as 1st Plane.

{ Plan"et-strick`en (?), Plan"et-struck` (?), } a. Affected by the
influence of planets; blasted. Milton.

    Like planet-stricken men of yore He trembles, smitten to the core
    By strong compunction and remorse.


Wordsworth.

Plan"et*ule (?), n. A little planet. [R.] Conybeare.

Plan"gen*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being plangent; a beating
sound. [R.]

Plan"gent (?), a. [L. plangens, -entis, fr. plangere to beat. See
Plaint.] Beating; dashing, as a wave. [R.] "The plangent wave." H.
Taylor.

{ Plan"i- (?), Plan"o- (?) }. [L. planus. See Plane, a.] Combining
forms signifying flat, level, plane; as planifolious, planimetry,
plano- concave.

Plan`i*fo"li*ous (?), a. [Plani- + L. folium leaf.] (Bot.) Flat-leaved.

Plan"i*form (?), a. (Anat.) Having a plane surface; as, a planiform,
gliding, or arthrodial articulation.

Pla*nim"e*ter (?), n. [Plani- + -meter. Cf. Planometer.] An instrument
for measuring the area of any plane figure, however irregular, by
passing a tracer around the bounding line; a platometer.

{ Plan`i*met"ric (?; 277), Plan`i*met"ric*al (?), } a. [Cf. F.
planimÈtrique.] Of or pertaining to planimetry.

Pla*nim"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. planimÈtrie.] The mensuration of plane
surfaces; -- distinguished from stereometry, or the mensuration of
volumes.

Plan"ing (?), a. & vb. n. fr. Plane, v. t.

Planing machine. (a) See Planer. (b) A complex machine for planing
wood, especially boards, containing usually a rapidly revolving cutter,
which chips off the surface in small shavings as the piece to be planed
is passed under it by feeding apparatus.

Pla`ni*pen"nate (?), a. Of or pertaining to Planipennia.

||Pla`ni*pen"ni*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. planus plane + penna wing.]
||(Zoˆl.) A suborder of Neuroptera, including those that have broad,
||flat wings, as the ant-lion, lacewing, etc. Called also Planipennes.

Plan`i*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Plani- + petal.] (Bot.) Having flat petals.

Plan"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Planishing.] [OF. planir, F. planer. See Plane, v., and -ish.] To make
smooth or plane, as a metallic surface; to condense, toughen, and
polish by light blows with a hammer.

Plan"ish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, planishes. Weale.

Plan"ish*ing, a. & vb. n. from Planish, v. t.

Planishing rolls (Coining), rolls between which metal strips are passed
while cold, to bring them to exactly the required thickness.

Plan"i*sphere (?), n. [Plani- + sphere: cf. F. planisphËre. See Plain,
and Sphere.] The representation of the circles of the sphere upon a
plane; especially, a representation of the celestial sphere upon a
plane with adjustable circles, or other appendages, for showing the
position of the heavens, the time of rising and setting of stars, etc.,
for any given date or hour.

Plan`i*spher"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a planisphere.

Plank (?), n. [OE. planke, OF. planque, planche, F. planche, fr. L.
planca; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, anything flat and broad. Cf. Planch.] 1. A
broad piece of sawed timber, differing from a board only in being
thicker. See Board.

2. Fig.: That which supports or upholds, as a board does a swimmer.

    His charity is a better plank than the faith of an intolerant and
    bitter-minded bigot.


Southey.

3. One of the separate articles in a declaration of the principles of a
party or cause; as, a plank in the national platform. [Cant]

Plank road, or Plank way, a road surface formed of planks. [U.S.] -- To
walk the plank, to walk along a plank laid across the bulwark of a
ship, until one overbalances it and falls into the sea; -- a method of
disposing of captives practiced by pirates.

<! p. 1095 !>

Plank (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planking.]
1. To cover or lay with planks; as, to plank a floor or a ship.
"Planked with pine." Dryden.

2. To lay down, as on a plank or table; to stake or pay cash; as, to
plank money in a wager. [Colloq. U.S.]

3. To harden, as hat bodies, by felting.

4. (Wooden Manuf.) To splice together the ends of slivers of wool, for
subsequent drawing.

Planked shad, shad split open, fastened to a plank, and roasted before
a wood fire.

Plank"ing, n. 1. The act of laying planks; also, planks, collectively;
a series of planks in place, as the wooden covering of the frame of a
vessel.

2. The act of splicing slivers. See Plank, v. t., 4.

Plank"-sheer` (?), n. (Shipbuilding) The course of plank laid
horizontally over the timberheads of a vessel's frame.

Plan"less (?), a. Having no plan.

Plan"ner (?), n. One who plans; a projector.

Pla"no- (?). See Plani-.

Plan"o*blast (?), n. [Gr. &?; to wander + -blast.] (Zoˆl.) Any
free-swimming gonophore of a hydroid; a hydroid medusa.

Pla"no-con"cave (?), a. [Plano- + concave.] Plane or flat on one side,
and concave on the other; as, a plano-concave lens. See Lens.

Pla"no-con"ic*al (?), a. [Plano- + conical.] Plane or flat on one side,
and conical on the other. Grew.

Pla"no-con"vex (?), a. [Plano- + convex.] Plane or flat on one side,
and convex on the other; as, a plano-convex lens. See Convex, and Lens.

Pla"no-hor`i*zon"tal (?), a. [Plano-  + horizontal.] Having a level
horizontal surface or position. Lee.

Pla*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Plano- + -meter. Cf. Planimeter.] An instrument
for gauging or testing a plane surface. See Surface gauge, under
Surface.

Pla*nom"e*try (?), n. (Mech.) The art or process of producing or
gauging a plane surface.

Pla"no-or*bic"u*lar (?), a. [Plano-  + orbicular.] Plane or flat on one
side, and spherical on the other.

||Pla*nor"bis (?), n. [NL., fr. L. planus flat + orbis a circle.]
||(Zoˆl.) Any fresh-water air-breathing mollusk belonging to Planorbis
||and other allied genera, having shells of a discoidal form.

Pla"no-su"bu*late (?), a. [Plano- + subulate.] Smooth and awl-shaped.
See Subulate.

Plant (?), n. [AS. plante, L. planta.] 1. A vegetable; an organized
living being, generally without feeling and voluntary motion, and
having, when complete, a root, stem, and leaves, though consisting
sometimes only of a single leafy expansion, or a series of cellules, or
even a single cellule.

Plants are divided by their structure and methods of reproduction into
two series, phÊnogamous or flowering plants, which have true flowers
and seeds, and cryptogamous or flowerless plants, which have no
flowers, and reproduce by minute one-celled spores. In both series are
minute and simple forms and others of great size and complexity.

As to their mode of nutrition, plants may be considered as
self-supporting and dependent. Self-supporting plants always contain
chlorophyll, and subsist on air and moisture and the matter dissolved
in moisture, and as a general rule they excrete oxygen, and use the
carbonic acid to combine with water and form the material for their
tissues. Dependent plants comprise all fungi and many flowering plants
of a parasitic or saprophytic nature. As a rule, they have no
chlorophyll, and subsist mainly or wholly on matter already organized,
thus utilizing carbon compounds already existing, and not excreting
oxygen. But there are plants which are partly dependent and partly
self-supporting.

The movements of climbing plants, of some insectivorous plants, of
leaves, stamens, or pistils in certain plants, and the ciliary motion
of zoˆspores, etc., may be considered a kind of voluntary motion.

2. A bush, or young tree; a sapling; hence, a stick or staff. "A plant
of stubborn oak." Dryden.

3. The sole of the foot. [R.] "Knotty legs and plants of clay." B.
Jonson.

4. (Com.) The whole machinery and apparatus employed in carrying on a
trade or mechanical business; also, sometimes including real estate,
and whatever represents investment of capital in the means of carrying
on a business, but not including material worked upon or finished
products; as, the plant of a foundry, a mill, or a railroad.

5. A plan; an artifice; a swindle; a trick. [Slang]

    It was n't a bad plant, that of mine, on Fikey.


Dickens.

6. (Zoˆl.) (a) An oyster which has been bedded, in distinction from one
of natural growth. (b) A young oyster suitable for transplanting.
[Local, U.S.]

Plant bug (Zoˆl.), any one of numerous hemipterous insects which injure
the foliage of plants, as Lygus lineolaris, which damages wheat and
trees. -- Plant cutter (Zoˆl.), a South American passerine bird of the
genus Phytotoma, family PhytotomidÊ. It has a serrated bill with which
it cuts off the young shoots and buds of plants, often doing much
injury. -- Plant louse (Zoˆl.), any small hemipterous insect which
infests plants, especially those of the families AphidÊ and PsyllidÊ;
an aphid.

Plant (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planted; p. pr. & vb. n. Planting.] [AS.
plantian, L. plantare. See Plant, n.] 1. To put in the ground and
cover, as seed for growth; as, to plant maize.

2. To set in the ground for growth, as a young tree, or a vegetable
with roots.

    Thou shalt not plant thee a grove of any trees.


Deut. xvi. 21.

3. To furnish, or fit out, with plants; as, to plant a garden, an
orchard, or a forest.

4. To engender; to generate; to set the germ of.

    It engenders choler, planteth anger.


Shak.

5. To furnish with a fixed and organized population; to settle; to
establish; as, to plant a colony.

    Planting of countries like planting of woods.


Bacon.

6. To introduce and establish the principles or seeds of; as, to plant
Christianity among the heathen.

7. To set firmly; to fix; to set and direct, or point; as, to plant
cannon against a fort; to plant a standard in any place; to plant one's
feet on solid ground; to plant one's fist in another's face.

8. To set up; to install; to instate.

    We will plant some other in the throne.


Shak.

Plant, v. i. To perform the act of planting.

    I have planted; Apollos watered.


1 Cor. iii. 6.

Plant"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being planted; fit to be planted. B.
Edwards.

Plant"age (?), n. A word used once by Shakespeare to designate plants
in general, or anything that is planted.

    As true as steel, as plantage to the moon.


Shak. (Troil. iii. sc. 2).

Plan"tain (?), n. [Cf. F. plantain- arbre, plantanier, Sp. pl·ntano,
pl·tano; prob. same word as plane tree.] 1. (Bot.) A treelike perennial
herb (Musa paradisiaca) of tropical regions, bearing immense leaves and
large clusters of the fruits called plantains. See Musa.

2. The fruit of this plant. It is long and somewhat cylindrical,
slightly curved, and, when ripe, soft, fleshy, and covered with a thick
but tender yellowish skin. The plantain is a staple article of food in
most tropical countries, especially when cooked.

Plantain cutter, or Plantain eater (Zoˆl.), any one of several large
African birds of the genus Musophaga, or family MusophagidÊ, especially
Musophaga violacea. See Turaco. They are allied to the cuckoos. --
Plantain squirrel (Zoˆl.), a Java squirrel (Sciurus plantani) which
feeds upon plantains. -- Plantain tree (Bot.), the treelike herb Musa
paradisiaca. See def. 1 (above).

Plan"tain, n. [F., fr. L. plantago. Cf. Plant.] (Bot.) Any plant of the
genus Plantago, but especially the P. major, a low herb with broad
spreading radical leaves, and slender spikes of minute flowers. It is a
native of Europe, but now found near the abode of civilized man in
nearly all parts of the world.

Indian plantain. (Bot.) See under Indian. -- Mud plantain, a homely
North American aquatic plant (Heteranthera reniformis), having broad,
reniform leaves. -- Rattlesnake plantain, an orchidaceous plant
(Goodyera pubescens), with the leaves blotched and spotted with white.
-- Ribwort plantain. See Ribwort. -- Robin's plantain, the Erigeron
bellidifolium, a common daisylike plant of North America. -- Water
plantain, a plant of the genus Alisma, having acrid leaves, and
formerly regarded as a specific against hydrophobia. Loudon.

Plant"al (?), a. [L. planta a plant.] Belonging to plants; as, plantal
life. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Plan"tar (?), a. [L. plantaris, fr. planta the sole of the foot.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sole of the foot; as, the plantar
arteries.

Plan*ta"tion (?), n. [L. plantatio: cf. F. plantation.] 1. The act or
practice of planting, or setting in the earth for growth. [R.]

2. The place planted; land brought under cultivation; a piece of ground
planted with trees or useful plants; esp., in the United States and
West Indies, a large estate appropriated to the production of the more
important crops, and cultivated by laborers who live on the estate; as,
a cotton plantation; a coffee plantation.

3. An original settlement in a new country; a colony.

    While these plantations were forming in Connecticut.


B. Trumbull.

Plant"-cane` (?), n. A stalk or shoot of sugar cane of the first growth
from the cutting. The growth of the second and following years is of
inferior quality, and is called rattoon.

Plant"-eat`ing (?), a. Eating, or subsisting on, plants; as, a
plant-eating beetle.

Plant"ed (?), a. (Joinery) Fixed in place, as a projecting member
wrought on a separate piece of stuff; as, a planted molding.

Plant"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, plants or sows; as, a
planterof corn; a machine planter.

2. One who owns or cultivates a plantation; as, a sugar planter; a
coffee planter.

3. A colonist in a new or uncultivated territory; as, the first
planters in Virginia.

Plant"er*ship, n. The occupation or position of a planter, or the
management of a plantation, as in the United States or the West Indies.

Plant"i*cle (?), n. [Dim. of Plant.] A young plant, or plant in embryo.
E. Darwin.

||Plan`ti*gra"da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A subdivision of Carnivora
||having plantigrade feet. It includes the bears, raccoons, and allied
||species.

Plan"ti*grade (?), a. [L. planta sole of the foot + gradi to walk: cf.
F. plantigrade.] (Zoˆl.) (a) Walking on the sole of the foot;
pertaining to the plantigrades. (b) Having the foot so formed that the
heel touches the ground when the leg is upright.

Plan"ti*grade, n. (Zoˆl.) A plantigrade animal, or one that walks or
steps on the sole of the foot, as man, and the bears.

Plant"ing (?), n. 1. The act or operation of setting in the ground for
propagation, as seeds, trees, shrubs, etc.; the forming of plantations,
as of trees; the carrying on of plantations, as of sugar, coffee, etc.

2. That which is planted; a plantation.

    Trees of righteousness, the planting of the Lord.


Isa. lxi. 3.

3. (Arch.) The laying of the first courses of stone in a foundation.
[Eng.]

Plant"less, a. Without plants; barren of vegetation.

Plant"let, n. A little plant.

Plan*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Planter + -cracy, as in democracy.] Government
by planters; planters, collectively. [R.]

Plant"ule (?), n. [F., dim. of plante a plant, L. planta.] (Bot.) The
embryo which has begun its development in the act of germination.

||Plan"u*la (?), n.; pl. PlanulÊ (#). [L., a little plane.] 1. (Biol.)
||In embryonic development, a vesicle filled with fluid, formed from
||the morula by the divergence of its cells in such a manner as to give
||rise to a central space, around which the cells arrange themselves as
||an envelope; an embryonic form intermediate between the morula and
||gastrula. Sometimes used as synonymous with gastrula.

2. (Zoˆl.) The very young, free- swimming larva of the cúlenterates. It
usually has a flattened oval or oblong form, and is entirely covered
with cilia.

Planx"ty (?), n. [Cf. L. plangere to mourn aloud.] (Mus.) An Irish or
Welsh melody for the harp, sometimes of a mournful character.

Plaque (?), n. [F. Cf. Plack, and see Placard.] Any flat, thin piece of
metal, clay, ivory, or the like, used for ornament, or for painting
pictures upon, as a slab, plate, dish, or the like, hung upon a wall;
also, a smaller decoration worn on the person, as a brooch.

Plash (?), n. [OD. plasch. See Plash, v.] 1. A small pool of standing
water; a puddle. Bacon. "These shallow plashes." Barrow.

2. A dash of water; a splash.

Plash, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Plashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plashing.] [Cf.
D. plassen, G. platschen. Cf. Splash.] To dabble in water; to splash.
"Plashing among bedded pebbles." Keats.

    Far below him plashed the waters.


Longfellow.

Plash, v. t. 1. To splash, as water.

2. To splash or sprinkle with coloring matter; as, to plash a wall in
imitation of granite.

Plash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plashed (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Plashing.]
[OF. plaissier, plessier, to bend. Cf. Pleach.] To cut partly, or to
bend and intertwine the branches of; as, to plash a hedge. Evelyn.

Plash, n. The branch of a tree partly cut or bent, and bound to, or
intertwined with, other branches.

Plash"et (?), n. [Plash + - et.] A small pond or pool; a puddle.

Plash"ing, n. 1. The cutting or bending and intertwining the branches
of small trees, as in hedges.

2. The dashing or sprinkling of coloring matter on the walls of
buildings, to imitate granite, etc.

Plash"oot (?), n. A hedge or fence formed of branches of trees
interlaced, or plashed. [Obs.] Carew.

Plash"y (?), a. [From 1st Plash.] 1. Watery; abounding with puddles;
splashy. "Plashy fens." Milton. "The plashy earth." Wordsworth.

2. Specked, as if plashed with color. Keats.

Plasm (?), n. [L. plasma anything formed or molded, that which is
molded, Gr. &?;, &?;, from &?; to form, mold: cf. F. plasme. Cf.
Plasma.] 1. A mold or matrix in which anything is cast or formed to a
particular shape. [R.] Woodward.

2. (Biol.) Same as Plasma.

Plas"ma (?), n. [See Plasm.] 1. (Min.) A variety of quartz, of a color
between grass green and leek green, which is found associated with
common chalcedony. It was much esteemed by the ancients for making
engraved ornaments.

2. (Biol.) The viscous material of an animal or vegetable cell, out of
which the various tissues are formed by a process of differentiation;
protoplasm.

3. Unorganized material; elementary matter.

4. (Med.) A mixture of starch and glycerin, used as a substitute for
ointments. U. S. Disp.

Blood plasma (Physiol.), the colorless fluid of the blood, in which the
red and white blood corpuscles are suspended. -- Muscle plasma
(Physiol.), the fundamental part of muscle fibers, a thick, viscid,
albuminous fluid contained within the sarcolemma, which on the death of
the muscle coagulates to a semisolid mass.

<! p. 1096 !>

{ Plas*mat"ic (?), Plas*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;.] 1. Forming;
shaping; molding. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to plasma; having the character of plasma;
containing, or conveying, plasma.

Plas*ma"tion (?), n. [L. plasmatio.] The act of forming or molding.
[R.] Grafton.

Plas*ma"tor (?), n. [L.] A former; a fashioner. [R.] "The sovereign
plasmator, God Almighty." Urquhart.

Plas"ma*ture (?), n. Form; mold. [R.]

Plas"mic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or connected with, plasma;
plasmatic.

Plas"min (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A proteid body, separated by some
physiologists from blood plasma. It is probably identical with
fibrinogen.

Plas*mo"di*al (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to, or like, a
plasmodium; as, the plasmodial form of a life cycle.

||Plas*mo"di*um (?), n.; pl. Plasmodia (#). [NL. See Plasma.] 1.
||(Biol.) A jellylike mass of free protoplasm, without any union of
||amúboid cells, and endowed with life and power of motion.

2. (Zoˆl.) A naked mobile mass of protoplasm, formed by the union of
several amúbalike young, and constituting one of the stages in the life
cycle of Mycetozoa and other low organisms.

Plas"mo*gen (?), n. [Plasma + -gen.] (Biol.) The important living
portion of protoplasm, considered a chemical substance of the highest
elaboration. Germ plasm and idioplasm are forms of plasmogen.

||Plas"son (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to form.] (Biol.) The albuminous
||material composing the body of a cytode.

It is considered simpler than protoplasm of an ordinary cell in that it
has not undergone differentiation into the inner cell nucleus and the
outer cell substance. Haeckel.

Plas"ter (?), n. [AS., a plaster (in sense 1), fr. L. emplastrum, Gr.
&?;, &?;, fr. &?; to daub on, stuff in; &?; in + &?; to mold: cf. OF.
plastre a plaster (in sense 2), F. pl‚tre. Cf. Plastic, Emplaster,
Piaster.] [Formerly written also plaister.] 1. (Med.) An external
application of a consistency harder than ointment, prepared for use by
spreading it on linen, leather, silk, or other material. It is adhesive
at the ordinary temperature of the body, and is used, according to its
composition, to produce a medicinal effect, to bind parts together,
etc.; as, a porous plaster; sticking plaster.

2. A composition of lime, water, and sand, with or without hair as a
bond, for coating walls, ceilings, and partitions of houses. See
Mortar.

3. Calcined gypsum, or plaster of Paris, especially when ground, as
used for making ornaments, figures, moldings, etc.; or calcined gypsum
used as a fertilizer.

Plaster cast, a copy of an object obtained by pouring plaster of Paris
mixed with water into a mold. -- Plaster of Paris. [So called because
originally brought from a suburb of Paris.] (Chem.) Anhydrous calcium
sulphate, or calcined gypsum, which forms with water a paste which soon
sets or hardens, and is used for casts, moldings, etc. The term is
loosely applied to any plaster stone or species of gypsum. -- Plaster
of Paris bandage (Surg.), a bandage saturated with a paste of plaster
of Paris, which on drying forms a perfectly fitting splint. -- Plaster
stone, any species of gypsum. See Gypsum.

Plas"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plastered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Plastering.] [Cf. OF. plastrer to plaster (in sense 2), F. pl‚trer.] 1.
To cover with a plaster, as a wound or sore.

2. To overlay or cover with plaster, as the ceilings and walls of a
house.

3. Fig.: To smooth over; to cover or conceal the defects of; to hide,
as with a covering of plaster. Bale.

Plas"ter*er (?), n. 1. One who applies plaster or mortar. "Thy father
was a plasterer." Shak.

2. One who makes plaster casts. "The plasterer doth make his figures by
addition." Sir H. Wotton.

Plas"ter*ing, n. 1. Same as Plaster, n., 2.

2. The act or process of overlaying with plaster.

3. A covering of plaster; plasterwork.

Plas"ter*ly, a. Resembling plaster of Paris. [R.] "Out of gypseous or
plasterly ground." Fuller.

Plas"ter*work` (?), n. Plastering used to finish architectural
constructions, exterior or interior, especially that used for the
lining of rooms. Ordinarly, mortar is used for the greater part of the
work, and pure plaster of Paris for the moldings and ornaments.

Plas"ter*y, a. Of the nature of plaster.

    The stone . . . is a poor plastery material.


Clough.

-plas"tic (-pls"tk). [Gr. &?; fit for molding, plastic, fr. &?; to
mold, to form.] A combining form signifying developing, forming,
growing; as, heteroplastic, monoplastic, polyplastic.

Plas"tic (pls"tk), a. [L. plasticus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to form, mold:
cf. F. plastique.] 1. Having the power to give form or fashion to a
mass of matter; as, the plastic hand of the Creator. Prior.

    See plastic Nature working to his end.


Pope.

2. Capable of being molded, formed, or modeled, as clay or plaster; --
used also figuratively; as, the plastic mind of a child.

3. Pertaining or appropriate to, or characteristic of, molding or
modeling; produced by, or appearing as if produced by, molding or
modeling; -- said of sculpture and the kindred arts, in distinction
from painting and the graphic arts.

    Medallions . . . fraught with the plastic beauty and grace of the
    palmy days of Italian art.


J. S. Harford.

Plastic clay (Geol.), one of the beds of the Eocene period; -- so
called because used in making pottery. Lyell. -- Plastic element
(Physiol.), one that bears within the germs of a higher form. --
Plastic exudation (Med.), an exudation thrown out upon a wounded
surface and constituting the material of repair by which the process of
healing is effected. -- Plastic foods. (Physiol.) See the second Note
under Food. -- Plastic force. (Physiol.) See under Force. -- Plastic
operation, an operation in plastic surgery. -- Plastic surgery, that
branch of surgery which is concerned with the repair or restoration of
lost, injured, or deformed parts of the body.

Plas"tic*al (?), a. See Plastic. [R.]

Plas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a plastic manner.

Plas*tic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. plasticitÈ.] 1. The quality or state of
being plastic.

2. (Physiol.) Plastic force. Dunglison.

{ Plas"tid (?), Plas"tide (?), } n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a creator.] 1.
(Biol.) A formative particle of albuminous matter; a monad; a cytode.
See the Note under Morphon. Haeckel.

2. (Bot.) One of the many minute granules found in the protoplasm of
vegetable cells. They are divided by their colors into three classes,
chloroplastids, chromoplastids, and leucoplastids.

||Plas`ti*do*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, creator + &?;
||animal.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Protoza.

Plas"ti*dule (?), n. [Dim. fr. Plastid.] (Biol.) One of the small
particles or organic molecules of protoplasm. Haeckel.

Plas"tin (?), n. [Gr. &?; to form, mold.] (Biol.) A substance
associated with nuclein in cell nuclei, and by some considered as the
fundamental substance of the nucleus.

Plas*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; fored, molded + &?; to write.] 1.
The art of forming figures in any plastic material.

2. Imitation of handwriting; forgery.

Plas"tron (?), n. [F. plastron breastplate, plastron, LL. plastra a
thin plate of metal. See Plaster.] 1. A piece of leather stuffed or
padded, worn by fencers to protect the breast. Dryden.

3. (Anc. Armor) An iron breastplate, worn under the hauberk.

3. (Anat.) The ventral shield or shell of tortoises and turtles. See
Testudinata.

4. A trimming for the front of a woman's dress, made of a different
material, and narrowing from the shoulders to the waist.

-plas"ty (?). [Gr. &?; to mold, form.] A combining form denoting the
act or process of forming, development, growth; as, autoplasty,
perineoplasty.

Plat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Platted; p. pr. & vb. n. Platting.] [See
Plait.] To form by interlaying interweaving; to braid; to plait. "They
had platted a crown of thorns." Matt. xxvii. 29.

Plat, n. Work done by platting or braiding; a plait.

    Her hair, nor loose, nor tied in formal plat.


Shak.

Plat, n. [Cf. Plat flat, which perh. caused this spelling, and Plot a
piece of ground.] A small piece or plot of ground laid out with some
design, or for a special use; usually, a portion of flat, even ground.

    This flowery plat, the sweet recess of Eve.


Milton.

    I keep smooth plat of fruitful ground.


Tennyson.

Plat, v. t. To lay out in plats or plots, as ground.

Plat, a. [F. plat. See Plate, n.] Plain; flat; level. [Obs.] Gower.

Plat, adv. 1. Plainly; flatly; downright. [Obs.]

    But, sir, ye lie, I tell you plat.


Rom. of R.

2. Flatly; smoothly; evenly. [Obs.] Drant.

Plat, n. 1. The flat or broad side of a sword. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Chaucer.

2. A plot; a plan; a design; a diagram; a map; a chart. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.] "To note all the islands, and to set them down in plat." Hakluyt.

Plat"an (?), n. [L. platanus. See Plane the tree.] [Written also
platane.] The plane tree. Tennyson.

Plat"a*nist (?), n. [L. platanista a sort of fish, Gr. &?;: cf. F.
plataniste.] (Zoˆl.) The soosoo.

||Plat"a*nus (?), n. [See Plane the tree.] (Bot.) A genus of trees; the
||plane tree.

Plat"band` (?), n. [F. plate- bande; plat, plate, flat, level + bande a
band.] 1. A border of flowers in a garden, along a wall or a parterre;
hence, a border.

2. (Arch.) (a) A flat molding, or group of moldings, the width of which
much exceeds its projection, as the face of an architrave. (b) A list
or fillet between the flutings of a column.

Plate (?), n. [OF. plate a plate of metal, a cuirsas, F. plat a plate,
a shallow vessel of silver, other metal, or earth, fr. plat flat, Gr.
&?;. See Place, n.] 1. A flat, or nearly flat, piece of metal, the
thickness of which is small in comparison with the other dimensions; a
thick sheet of metal; as, a steel plate.

2. Metallic armor composed of broad pieces.

    Mangled . . . through plate and mail.


Milton.

3. Domestic vessels and utensils, as flagons, dishes, cups, etc.,
wrought in gold or silver.

4. Metallic ware which is plated, in distinction from that which is
genuine silver or gold.

5. A small, shallow, and usually circular, vessel of metal or wood, or
of earth glazed and baked, from which food is eaten at table.

6. [Cf. Sp. plata silver.] A piece of money, usually silver money.
[Obs.] "Realms and islands were as plates dropp'd from his pocket."
Shak.

7. A piece of metal on which anything is engraved for the purpose of
being printed; hence, an impression from the engraved metal; as, a book
illustrated with plates; a fashion plate.

8. A page of stereotype, electrotype, or the like, for printing from;
as, publisher's plates.

9. That part of an artificial set of teeth which fits to the mouth, and
holds the teeth in place. It may be of gold, platinum, silver, rubber,
celluloid, etc.

10. (Arch.) A horizontal timber laid upon a wall, or upon corbels
projecting from a wall, and supporting the ends of other timbers; also
used specifically of the roof plate which supports the ends of the roof
trusses or, in simple work, the feet of the rafters.

11. (Her.) A roundel of silver or tinctured argent.

12. (Photog.) A sheet of glass, porcelain, metal, etc., with a coating
that is sensitive to light.

13. A prize giving to the winner in a contest.

Plate is sometimes used in an adjectival sense or in combination, the
phrase or compound being in most cases of obvious signification; as,
plate basket or plate-basket, plate rack or plate-rack.

Home plate. (Baseball) See Home base, under Home. -- Plate armor. (a)
See Plate, n., 2. (b) Strong metal plates for protecting war vessels,
fortifications, and the like. -- Plate bone, the shoulder blade, or
scapula. -- Plate girder, a girder, the web of which is formed of a
single vertical plate, or of a series of such plates riveted together.
-- Plate glass. See under Glass. -- Plate iron, wrought iron plates. --
Plate layer, a workman who lays down the rails of a railway and fixes
them to the sleepers or ties. -- Plate mark, a special mark or
emblematic figure stamped upon gold or silver plate, to indicate the
place of manufacture, the degree of purity, and the like; thus, the
local mark for London is a lion. -- Plate paper, a heavy spongy paper,
for printing from engraved plates. Fairholt. -- Plate press, a press
with a flat carriage and a roller, -- used for printing from engraved
steel or copper plates. -- Plate printer, one who prints from engraved
plates. -- Plate printing, the act or process of printing from an
engraved plate or plates. -- Plate tracery. (Arch.) See under Tracery.
- - Plate wheel (Mech.), a wheel, the rim and hub of which are
connected by a continuous plate of metal, instead of by arms or spokes.

Plate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plated; p. pr. & vb. n. Plating.] 1. To
cover or overlay with gold, silver, or other metals, either by a
mechanical process, as hammering, or by a chemical process, as
electrotyping.

2. To cover or overlay with plates of metal; to arm with metal for
defense.

    Thus plated in habiliments of war.


Shak.

3. To adorn with plated metal; as, a plated harness.

4. To beat into thin, flat pieces, or laminÊ.

5. To calender; as, to plate paper.

Pla*teau" (?), n.; pl. F. Plateaux (F. &?;; E. &?;), E. Plateaus (#).
[F., fr. OF. platel, properly a little plate. See Plate.] 1. A flat
surface; especially, a broad, level, elevated area of land; a table-
land.

2. An ornamental dish for the table; a tray or salver.

Plate"ful (?), n.; pl. Platefuls (&?;). Enough to fill a plate; as much
as a plate will hold.

Plate"-gilled` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having flat, or leaflike, gills, as the
bivalve mollusks.

Pla"tel (?), n. [OF. See Plateau.] A small dish.

Plat"en (?), n. [F. platine, fr. plat flat. See Plate, and cf. Platin.]
(Mach.) (a) The part of a printing press which presses the paper
against the type and by which the impression is made. (b) Hence, an
analogous part of a typewriter, on which the paper rests to receive an
impression. (c) The movable table of a machine tool, as a planer, on
which the work is fastened, and presented to the action of the tool; --
also called table.

Plat"er (?), n. One who plates or coats articles with gold or silver;
as, a silver plater.

2. A machine for calendering paper.

Plat`er*esque" (?), a. [Sp. resco, from plata silver.] (Arch.)
Resembling silver plate; -- said of certain architectural ornaments.

Plat"e*trope (?), n. [Gr. &?; breadth + &?; to turn.] (Anat.) One of a
pair of a paired organs.

Plat"form` (?), n. [Plat, a. + -form: cf. F. plateforme.] 1. A plat; a
plan; a sketch; a model; a pattern. Used also figuratively. [Obs.]
Bacon.

2. A place laid out after a model. [Obs.]

    lf the platform just reflects the order.


Pope.

3. Any flat or horizontal surface; especially, one that is raised above
some particular level, as a framework of timber or boards horizontally
joined so as to form a roof, or a raised floor, or portion of a floor;
a landing; a dais; a stage, for speakers, performers, or workmen; a
standing place.

4. A declaration of the principles upon which a person, a sect, or a
party proposes to stand; a declared policy or system; as, the Saybrook
platform; a political platform. "The platform of Geneva." Hooker.

5. (Naut.) A light deck, usually placed in a section of the hold or
over the floor of the magazine. See Orlop.

Platform car, a railway car without permanent raised sides or covering;
a f&?;at. -- Platform scale, a weighing machine, with a flat platform
on which objects are weighed.

Plat"form`, v. t. 1. To place on a platform. [R.]

2. To form a plan of; to model; to lay out. [Obs.]

    Church discipline is platformed in the Bible.


Milton.

Plat*hel"minth (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Platyelminthes.

||Plat`hel*min"thes (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Platyelminthes.

Plat"in (?), n. (Mach.) See Platen.

Plat"i*na (?), n. [Sp. or NL. See Platinum.] (Chem.) Platinum.

Platina mohr, platinum black. -- Platina yellow, a pigment prepared
from platinum.

Plat"ing (?), n. 1. The art or process of covering anything with a
plate or plates, or with metal, particularly of overlaying a base or
dull metal with a thin plate of precious or bright metal, as by
mechanical means or by electro-magnetic deposition.

2. A thin coating of metal laid upon another metal.

3. A coating or defensive armor of metal (usually steel) plates.

Pla*tin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, platinum;
-- used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element
has a higher valence, as contrasted with the platinous compounds; as,
platinic chloride (PtCl4).

<! p. 1097 !>

Plat`i*ni*chlo"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating,
an acid consisting of platinic chloride and hydrochloric acid, and
obtained as a brownish red crystalline substance, called
platinichloric, or chloroplatinic, acid.

Plat`i*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Platinum + -ferous.] Yielding platinum; as,
platiniferous sand.

Plat`i*ni*rid"i*um (?), n. (Chem. & Min.) A natural alloy of platinum
and iridium occurring in grayish metallic rounded or cubical grains
with platinum.

Plat"i*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Platinized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Platinizing (?).] To cover or combine with platinum.

Plat`i*no*chlo"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or
designating, an acid consisting of platinous chloride and hydrochloric
acid, called platinochloric, or chloroplatinous, acid.

Plat`i*no*chlo"ride (?), n. (Chem.) A double chloride of platinum and
some other metal or radical; a salt of platinochloric acid.

Plat`i*no*cy*an"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or
designating, an acid compound of platinous cyanide and hydrocyanic
acid. It is obtained as a cinnaber-red crystalline substance.

Plat`i*no*cy"a*nide (?), n. (Chem.) A double cyanide of platinum and
some other metal or radical; a salt of platinocyanic acid.

Plat"i*node (?), n. [Platinum + Gr. &?; a way.] (Physics) A cathode.
[R.]

Plat"i*noid (?), a. [Platinum + -oid.] Resembling platinum.

Plat"i*noid, n. (Chem.) An alloy of German silver containing tungsten;
-- used for forming electrical resistance coils and standards.

Plat"i*no*type (?), n. [Platinum + -type.] (Photog.) 1. A permanent
photographic picture or print in platinum black.

2. The process by which such pictures are produced.

Plat"i*nous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, platinum;
-- used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element
has a lower valence, as contrasted with the platinic compounds; as,
platinous chloride (PtCl2).

Plat"i*num (?), n. [NL., fr. Sp. platina, from plata silver, LL. plata
a thin plate of metal. See Plate, and cf. Platina.] (Chem.) A metallic
element, intermediate in value between silver and gold, occurring
native or alloyed with other metals, also as the platinum arsenide
(sperrylite). It is heavy tin-white metal which is ductile and
malleable, but very infusible, and characterized by its resistance to
strong chemical reagents. It is used for crucibles, for stills for
sulphuric acid, rarely for coin, and in the form of foil and wire for
many purposes. Specific gravity 21.5. Atomic weight 194.3. Symbol Pt.
Formerly called platina.

Platinum black (Chem.), a soft, dull black powder, consisting of finely
divided metallic platinum obtained by reduction and precipitation from
its solutions. It absorbs oxygen to a high degree, and is employed as
an oxidizer. -- Platinum lamp (Elec.), a kind of incandescent lamp of
which the luminous medium is platinum. See under Incandescent. --
Platinum metals (Chem.), the group of metallic elements which in their
chemical and physical properties resemble platinum. These consist of
the light platinum group, viz., rhodium, ruthenium, and palladium,
whose specific gravities are about 12; and the heavy platinum group,
viz., osmium, iridium, and platinum, whose specific gravities are over
21. -- Platinum sponge (Chem.), metallic platinum in a gray, porous,
spongy form, obtained by reducing the double chloride of platinum and
ammonium. It absorbs oxygen, hydrogen, and certain other gases, to a
high degree, and is employed as an agent in oxidizing.

Plat"i*tude (?), n. [F., from plat flat. See Plate.] 1. The quality or
state of being flat, thin, or insipid; flat commonness; triteness;
staleness of ideas of language.

    To hammer one golden grain of wit into a sheet of infinite
    platitude.


Motley.

2. A thought or remark which is flat, dull, trite, or weak; a truism; a
commonplace.

Plat`i*tu`di*na"ri*an (?), n. One addicted to uttering platitudes, or
stale and insipid truisms. "A political platitudinarian." G. Eliot.

Plat`i*tu"di*nize (?), v. i. To utter platitudes or truisms.

Plat`i*tu"di*nous (?), a. Abounding in platitudes; of the nature of
platitudes; uttering platitudes. -- Plat`i*tu"di*nous*ness, n.

Plat"ly (?), a. Flatly. See Plat, a. [Obs.]

Plat"ness, n. Flatness. [Obs.] Palsgrave.

Pla*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; flat + -meter.] See Planimeter.

{ Pla*ton"ic (?), Pla*ton"ic*al (?), } a. [L. Platonicus, Gr. &?;: cf.
F. platonique.] 1. Of or pertaining to Plato, or his philosophy,
school, or opinions.

2. Pure, passionless; nonsexual; philosophical.

Platonic bodies, the five regular geometrical solids; namely, the
tetrahedron, hexahedron or cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, and
icosahedron. -- Platonic love, a pure, spiritual affection, subsisting
between persons of opposite sex, unmixed with carnal desires, and
regarding the mind only and its excellences; -- a species of love for
which Plato was a warm advocate. -- Platonic year (Astron.), a period
of time determined by the revolution of the equinoxes, or the space of
time in which the stars and constellations return to their former
places in respect to the equinoxes; -- called also great year. This
revolution, which is caused by the precession of the equinoxes, is
accomplished in about 26,000 years. Barlow.

Pla*ton"ic, n. A follower of Plato; a Platonist.

Pla*ton"ic*al*ly, adv. In a Platonic manner.

Pla"to*nism (?), n. [Cf. F. Platonisme.] 1. The doctrines or philosophy
by Plato or of his followers.

Plato believed God to be an infinitely wise, just, and powerful Spirit;
and also that he formed the visible universe out of preÎxistent
amorphous matter, according to perfect patterns of ideas eternally
existent in his own mind. Philosophy he considered as being a knowledge
of the true nature of things, as discoverable in those eternal ideas
after which all things were fashioned. In other words, it is the
knowledge of what is eternal, exists necessarily, and is unchangeable;
not of the temporary, the dependent, and changeable; and of course it
is not obtained through the senses; neither is it the product of the
understanding, which concerns itself only with the variable and
transitory; nor is it the result of experience and observation; but it
is the product of our reason, which, as partaking of the divine nature,
has innate ideas resembling the eternal ideas of God. By contemplating
these innate ideas, reasoning about them, and comparing them with their
copies in the visible universe, reason can attain that true knowledge
of things which is called philosophy. Plato's professed followers, the
Academics, and the New Platonists, differed considerably from him, yet
are called Platonists. Murdock.

2. An elevated rational and ethical conception of the laws and forces
of the universe; sometimes, imaginative or fantastic philosophical
notions.

Pla"to*nist (?), n. One who adheres to the philosophy of Plato; a
follower of Plato. Hammond.

Pla"to*nize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Platonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Platonizing.] To adopt the opinion of Plato or his followers. Milner.

Pla"to*nize, v. t. To explain by, or accomodate to, the Platonic
philosophy. Enfield.

Pla"to*ni`zer (?), n. One who Platonizes.

Pla*toon" (?), n. [F. peloton a ball of thread, a knot or group of men,
a platoon, from pelote a ball formed of things wound round. See
Pellet.] (Mil.) (a) Formerly, a body of men who fired together; also, a
small square body of soldiers to strengthen the angles of a hollow
square. (b) Now, in the United States service, half of a company.

Platt (?), n. (Mining) See Lodge, n. Raymond.

Platt"deutsch` (?), n. The modern dialects spoken in the north of
Germany, taken collectively; modern Low German. See Low German, under
German.

Plat"ten (?), v. t. [See Plat, a.] (Glass Making) To flatten and make
into sheets or plates; as, to platten cylinder glass.

Plat"ter (?), n. [From Plat to braid.] One who plats or braids.

Plat"ter, n. [Probably fr. OF. platel, F. plateau. See Plateau.] A
large plate or shallow dish on which meat or other food is brought to
the table.

    The attendants . . . speedly brought in several large, smoking
    platters, filled with huge pieces of beef.


Sir W. Scott.

Plat"ter-faced` (?), a. Having a broad, flat face.

Plat"ting (?), n. Plaited strips or bark, cane, straw, etc., used for
making hats or the like.

Plat"y (?), a. Like a plate; consisting of plates.

Plat"y- (?). A combining form from Gr. platy`s broad, wide, flat; as,
platypus, platycephalous.

{ Plat`y*ce*phal"ic (?), Plat`y*ceph"a*lous (?), } a. [Platy + Gr. &?;
head.] (Anat.) Broad-headed.

Plat`yc*ne"mic (?), a. [Platy + Gr. &?; leg: cf. F. platycnÈmique.]
(Anat.) Of, relating to, or characterized by, platycnemism.

Pla*tyc"ne*mism (?), n. (Anat.) Lateral flattening of the tibia.

Plat`y*cú"li*an (?), a. [Platy + Gr. &?; hollow.] (Anat.) Flat at the
anterior and concave at the posterior end; -- said of the centra of the
vertebrÊ of some extinct dinouaurs.

||Plat`y*el*min"thes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Platy-, and Helminthes.]
||(Zoˆl.) A class of helminthes including the cestodes, or tapeworms,
||the trematodes, and the turbellarians. Called also flatworms.

||Plat`y*hel"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Platyelminthes.
||[Written also Platyelmia.]

Pla*tym"e*ter (?), n. [Platy + -meter.] (Elec.) An apparatus for
measuring the capacity of condensers, or the inductive capacity of
dielectrics.

Plat"y*pod (?), n. [Platy + - pod.] (Zoˆl.) An animal having broad
feet, or a broad foot.

||Pla*typ"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Prosobranchiata.

||Pla*typ"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; broad + &?; a wing.]
||(Zoˆl.) A division of Pseudoneuroptera including the species which
||have four broad, flat wings, as the termites, or white-ants, and the
||stone flies (Perla).

Plat"y*pus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; + &?; foot.] (Zoˆl.) The duck
mole. See under Duck.

Plat"y*rhine (?), a. [Platy + Gr. &?;, &?;, nose.] (Anat.) Having the
nose broad; -- opposed to leptorhine. -- n. (Zoˆl.) One of the
Platyrhini.

||Plat`y*rhi"ni (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; broad + &?;, &?;, nose.]
||(Zoˆl.) A division of monkeys, including the American species, which
||have a broad nasal septum, thirty-six teeth, and usually a prehensile
||tail. See Monkey. [Written also Platyrrhini.]

Plaud (?), v. t. To applaud. [Obs.] Chapman.

Plau"dit (?), n. [From L. plaudite do ye praise (which was said by
players at the end of a performance), 2d pers. pl. imperative of
plaudere. Cf. Plausible.] A mark or expression of applause; praise
bestowed.

    Not in the shouts and plaudits of the throng.


Longfellow.

Syn. -- Acclamation; applause; encomium; commendation; approbation;
approval.

Plau"di*to*ry (?), a. Applauding; commending.

Plau`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. plausibilitÈ.] 1. Something worthy of
praise. [Obs.]

    Integrity, fidelity, and other gracious plausibilities.


E. Vaughan.

2. The quality of being plausible; speciousness.

    To give any plausibility to a scheme.


De Quincey.

3. Anything plausible or specious. R. Browning.

Plau"si*ble (?), a. [L. plausibilis praiseworthy, from plaudere,
plausum, to applaud, clap the hands, strike, beat.] 1. Worthy of being
applauded; praiseworthy; commendable; ready. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket.

2. Obtaining approbation; specifically pleasing; apparently right;
specious; as, a plausible pretext; plausible manners; a plausible
delusion. "Plausible and popular arguments." Clarendon.

3. Using specious arguments or discourse; as, a plausible speaker.

Syn. -- Plausible, Specious. Plausible denotes that which seems
reasonable, yet leaves distrust in the judgment. Specious describes
that which presents a fair appearance to the view and yet covers
something false. Specious refers more definitely to the act or purpose
of false representation; plausible has more reference to the effect on
the beholder or hearer. An argument may by specious when it is not
plausible because its sophistry is so easily discovered.

Plau"si*ble*ize (?), v. t. To render plausible. [R.]

Plau"si*ble*ness, n. Quality of being plausible.

Plau"si*bly, adv. 1. In a plausible manner.

2. Contentedly, readily. [Obs.]

    The Romans plausibly did give consent.


Shak.

Plau"sive (?), a. [L. plaudere, plausum, to applaud.] 1. Applauding;
manifesting praise. Young.

2. Plausible, specious. [Obs.] Shak.

Play (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Played (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Playing.]
[OE. pleien, AS. plegian, plegan, to play, akin to plega play, game,
quick motion, and probably to OS. plegan to promise, pledge, D. plegen
to care for, attend to, be wont, G. pflegen; of unknown origin.
&radic;28. Cf. Plight, n.] 1. To engage in sport or lively recreation;
to exercise for the sake of amusement; to frolic; to spot.

    As Cannace was playing in her walk.


Chaucer.

    The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day, Had he thy reason, would
    he skip and play!


Pope.

    And some, the darlings of their Lord, Play smiling with the flame
    and sword.


Keble.

2. To act with levity or thoughtlessness; to trifle; to be careless.

    "Nay," quod this monk, "I have no lust to pleye."


Chaucer.

    Men are apt to play with their healths.


Sir W. Temple.

3. To contend, or take part, in a game; as, to play ball; hence, to
gamble; as, he played for heavy stakes.

4. To perform on an instrument of music; as, to play on a flute.

    One that . . . can play well on an instrument.


Ezek. xxxiii. 32.

    Play, my friend, and charm the charmer.


Granville.

5. To act; to behave; to practice deception.

    His mother played false with a smith.


Shak.

6. To move in any manner; especially, to move regularly with alternate
or reciprocating motion; to operate; to act; as, the fountain plays.

    The heart beats, the blood circulates, the lungs play.


Cheyne.

7. To move gayly; to wanton; to disport.

    Even as the waving sedges play with wind.


Shak.

    The setting sun Plays on their shining arms and burnished helmets.


Addison.

    All fame is foreign but of true desert, Plays round the head, but
    comes not to the heart.


Pope.

8. To act on the stage; to personate a character.

    A lord will hear your play to- night.


Shak.

    Courts are theaters where some men play.


Donne.

To play into a person's hands, to act, or to manage matters, to his
advantage or benefit. -- To play off, to affect; to feign; to practice
artifice. -- To play upon. (a) To make sport of; to deceive.

    Art thou alive? Or is it fantasy that plays upon our eyesight.


Shak.

(b) To use in a droll manner; to give a droll expression or application
to; as, to play upon words.

Play, v. t. 1. To put in action or motion; as, to play cannon upon a
fortification; to play a trump.

    First Peace and Silence all disputes control, Then Order plays the
    soul.


Herbert.

2. To perform music upon; as, to play the flute or the organ.

3. To perform, as a piece of music, on an instrument; as, to play a
waltz on the violin.

4. To bring into sportive or wanton action; to exhibit in action; to
execute; as, to play tricks.

    Nature here Wantoned as in her prime, and played at will Her virgin
    fancies.


Milton.

5. To act or perform (a play); to represent in music action; as, to
play a comedy; also, to act in the character of; to represent by
acting; to simulate; to behave like; as, to play King Lear; to play the
woman.

    Thou canst play the rational if thou wilt.


Sir W. Scott.

6. To engage in, or go together with, as a contest for amusement or for
a wager or prize; as, to play a game at baseball.

7. To keep in play, as a hooked fish, in order to land it.

To play off, to display; to show; to put in exercise; as, to play off
tricks. -- To play one's cards, to manage one's means or opportunities;
to contrive. -- Played out, tired out; exhausted; at the end of one's
resources. [Colloq.]

Play, n. 1. Amusement; sport; frolic; gambols.

2. Any exercise, or series of actions, intended for amusement or
diversion; a game.

    John naturally loved rough play.


Arbuthnot.

3. The act or practice of contending for victory, amusement, or a
prize, as at dice, cards, or billiards; gaming; as, to lose a fortune
in play.

4. Action; use; employment; exercise; practice; as, fair play; sword
play; a play of wit. "The next who comes in play." Dryden.

5. A dramatic composition; a comedy or tragedy; a composition in which
characters are represented by dialogue and action.

    A play ought to be a just image of human nature.


Dryden.

6. The representation or exhibition of a comedy or tragedy; as, he
attends ever play.

7. Performance on an instrument of music.

8. Motion; movement, regular or irregular; as, the play of a wheel or
piston; hence, also, room for motion; free and easy action. "To give
them play, front and rear." Milton.

    The joints are let exactly into one another, that they have no play
    between them.


Moxon.

9. Hence, liberty of acting; room for enlargement or display; scope;
as, to give full play to mirth.

Play actor, an actor of dramas. Prynne. -- Play debt, a gambling debt.
Arbuthnot. -- Play pleasure, idle amusement. [Obs.] Bacon. -- A play
upon words, the use of a word in such a way as to be capable of double
meaning; punning. -- Play of colors, prismatic variation of colors. --
To bring into play, To come into play, to bring or come into use or
exercise. -- To hold in play, to keep occupied or employed.

    I, with two more to help me, Will hold the foe in play.


Macaulay.

<! p. 1098 !>

||Pla"ya (?), n. [Sp.] A beach; a strand; in the plains and deserts of
||Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, a broad, level spot, on which
||subsequently becomes dry by evaporation. Bartlett.

Play"bill` (?), n. A printed programme of a play, with the parts
assigned to the actors.

Play"book` (?), n. A book of dramatic compositions; a book of the play.
Swift.

Play"day` (?), n. A day given to play or diversion; a holiday. Swift.

Play"er (?), n. 1. One who plays, or amuses himself; one without
serious aims; an idler; a trifler. Shak.

2. One who plays any game.

3. A dramatic actor. Shak.

4. One who plays on an instrument of music. "A cunning player on a
harp." 1 Sam. xvi. 16.

5. A gamester; a gambler.

Play"fel`low (?), n. A companion in amusements or sports; a playmate.
Shak.

Play"fere` (?), n. [Play + 1st fere.] A playfellow. [Obs.] [Also,
playfeer, playphere.] Holinsheld.

Play"ful (?), a. Sportive; gamboling; frolicsome; indulging a sportive
fancy; humorous; merry; as, a playful child; a playful writer. --
Play"ful*ly, adv. -- Play"ful*ness, n.

Play"game` (?), n. Play of children. Locke.

Play"go`er (?), n. One who frequents playhouses, or attends dramatic
performances.

Play"go`ing, a. Frequenting playhouses; as, the playgoing public. -- n.
The practice of going to plays.

Play"ground` (?), n. A piece of ground used for recreation; as, the
playground of a school.

Play"house` (?), n. [AS. pleghs.] 1. A building used for dramatic
exhibitions; a theater. Shak.

2. A house for children to play in; a toyhouse.

Play"ing, a. & vb. n. of Play.

Playing cards. See under Card.

Play"mak`er (?), n. A playwright. [R.]

Play"mate` (?), n. A companion in diversions; a playfellow.

Play"some (?), a. Playful; wanton; sportive. [R.] R. Browning. --
Play"some*ness, n. [R.]

Playte (?), n. (Naut.) See Pleyt.

Play"thing` (?), n. A thing to play with; a toy; anything that serves
to amuse.

    A child knows his nurse, and by degrees the playthings of a little
    more advanced age.


Locke.

Play"time` (?), n. Time for play or diversion.

Play"wright` (?), n. A maker or adapter of plays.

Play"writ`er (?), n. A writer of plays; a dramatist; a playwright.
Lecky.

||Pla"za (?), n. [Sp. See Place.] A public square in a city or town.

Plea (?), n. [OE. plee, plai, plait, fr. OF. plait, plaid, plet, LL.
placitum judgment, decision, assembly, court, fr. L. placitum that
which is pleasing, an opinion, sentiment, from placere to please. See
Please, and cf. Placit, Plead.] 1. (Law) That which is alleged by a
party in support of his cause; in a stricter sense, an allegation of
fact in a cause, as distinguished from a demurrer; in a still more
limited sense, and in modern practice, the defendant's answer to the
plaintiff's declaration and demand. That which the plaintiff alleges in
his declaration is answered and repelled or justified by the
defendant's plea. In chancery practice, a plea is a special answer
showing or relying upon one or more things as a cause why the suit
should be either dismissed, delayed, or barred. In criminal practice,
the plea is the defendant's formal answer to the indictment or
information presented against him.

2. (Law) A cause in court; a lawsuit; as, the Court of Common Pleas.
See under Common.

    The Supreme Judicial Court shall have cognizance of pleas real,
    personal, and mixed.


Laws of Massachusetts.

3. That which is alleged or pleaded, in defense or in justification; an
excuse; an apology. "Necessity, the tyrant's plea." Milton.

    No plea must serve; 't is cruelty to spare.


Denham.

4. An urgent prayer or entreaty.

Pleas of the crown (Eng. Law), criminal actions.

Pleach (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleached (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pleaching.] [Cf. OF. plaissier to bend, and also F. plisser to plait,
L. plicare, plicitum, to fold, lay, or wind together. Cf. Plash to
pleach.] To unite by interweaving, as branches of trees; to plash; to
interlock. "The pleached bower." Shak.

Plead (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleaded (colloq. Plead (?) or Pled); p.
pr. & vb. n. Pleading.] [OE. pleden, plaiden, OF. plaidier, F. plaider,
fr. LL. placitare, fr. placitum. See Plea.] 1. To argue in support of a
claim, or in defense against the claim of another; to urge reasons for
or against a thing; to attempt to persuade one by argument or
supplication; to speak by way of persuasion; as, to plead for the life
of a criminal; to plead with a judge or with a father.

    O that one might plead for a man with God, as a man pleadeth for
    his neighbor!


Job xvi. 21.

2. (Law) To present an answer, by allegation of fact, to the
declaration of a plaintiff; to deny the plaintiff's declaration and
demand, or to allege facts which show that ought not to recover in the
suit; in a less strict sense, to make an allegation of fact in a cause;
to carry on the allegations of the respective parties in a cause; to
carry on a suit or plea. Blackstone. Burrill. Stephen.

3. To contend; to struggle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Plead (?), v. t. 1. To discuss, defend, and attempt to maintain by
arguments or reasons presented to a tribunal or person having uthority
to determine; to argue at the bar; as, to plead a cause before a court
or jury.

    Every man should plead his own matter.


Sir T. More.

In this sense, argue is more generally used by lawyers.

2. To allege or cite in a legal plea or defense, or for repelling a
demand in law; to answer to an indictment; as, to plead usury; to plead
statute of limitations; to plead not guilty. Kent.

3. To allege or adduce in proof, support, or vendication; to offer in
excuse; as, the law of nations may be pleaded in favor of the rights of
ambassadors. Spenser.

    I will neither plead my age nor sickness, in excuse of faults.


Dryden.

Plead"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being pleaded; capable of being alleged
in proof, defense, or vindication; as, a right or privilege pleadable
at law. Dryden.

Plead"er (?), n. [F. plaideur.] 1. One who pleads; one who argues for
or against; an advotate.

    So fair a pleader any cause may gain.


Dryden.

2. (Law) One who draws up or forms pleas; the draughtsman of pleas or
pleadings in the widest sense; as, a special pleader.

Plead"ing, n. The act of advocating, defending, or supporting, a cause
by arguments.

Plead"ing*ly, adv. In a pleading manner.

Plead"ings (?), n. pl. (Law) The mutual pleas and replies of the
plaintiff and defendant, or written statements of the parties in
support of their claims, proceeding from the declaration of the
plaintiff, until issue is joined, and the question made to rest on some
single point. Blackstone.

Pleas"ance (?), n. [F. plaisance. See Please.] 1. Pleasure; merriment;
gayety; delight; kindness. [Archaic] Shak. "Full great pleasance."
Chaucer. "A realm of pleasance." Tennyson.

2. A secluded part of a garden. [Archaic]

    The pleasances of old Elizabethan houses.


Ruskin.

Pleas"ant (?), a. [F. plaisant. See Please.] 1. Pleasing; grateful to
the mind or to the senses; agreeable; as, a pleasant journey; pleasant
weather.

    Behold, how good and pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together
    in unity!


Ps. cxxxiii. 1.

2. Cheerful; enlivening; gay; sprightly; humorous; sportive; as,
pleasant company; a pleasant fellow.

    From grave to light, from pleasant to serve.


Dryden.

Syn. -- Pleasing; gratifying; agreeable; cheerful; good- humored;
enlivening; gay; lively; merry; sportive; humorous; jocose; amusing;
witty. -- Pleasant, Pleasing, Agreeable. Agreeable is applied to that
which agrees with, or is in harmony with, one's tastes, character, etc.
Pleasant and pleasing denote a stronger degree of the agreeable.
Pleasant refers rather to the state or condition; pleasing, to the act
or effect. Where they are applied to the same object, pleasing is more
energetic than pleasant; as, she is always pleasant and always
pleasing. The distinction, however, is not radical and not rightly
observed.

Pleas"ant, n. A wit; a humorist; a buffoon. [Obs.]

Pleas"ant*ly, adv. In a pleasant manner.

Pleas"ant*ness, n. The state or quality of being pleasant.

Pleas"ant*ry (?), n.; pl. Pleasantries (#). [F. plaisanterie. See
Pleasant.] That which denotes or promotes pleasure or good humor;
cheerfulness; gayety; merriment; especially, an agreeable playfulness
in conversation; a jocose or humorous remark; badinage.

    The grave abound in pleasantries, the dull in repartees and points
    of wit.


Addison.

    The keen observation and ironical pleasantry of a finished man of
    the world.


Macaulay.

Pleas"ant-tongued` (?), a. Of pleasing speech.

Please (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleased; p. pr. & vb. n. Pleasing.]
[OE. plesen, OF. plaisir, fr. L. placere, akin to placare to reconcile.
Cf. Complacent, Placable, Placid, Plea, Plead, Pleasure.] 1. To give
pleasure to; to excite agreeable sensations or emotions in; to make
glad; to gratify; to content; to satisfy.

    I pray to God that it may plesen you.


Chaucer.

    What next I bring shall please thee, be assured.


Milton.

2. To have or take pleasure in; hence, to choose; to wish; to desire;
to will.

    Whatsoever the Lord pleased, that did he.


Ps. cxxxv. 6.

    A man doing as he wills, and doing as he pleases, are the same
    things in common speech.


J. Edwards.

3. To be the will or pleasure of; to seem good to; -- used
impersonally. "It pleased the Father that in him should all fullness
dwell." Col. i. 19.

    To-morrow, may it please you.


Shak.

To be pleased in or with, to have complacency in; to take pleasure in.
-- To be pleased to do a thing, to take pleasure in doing it; to have
the will to do it; to think proper to do it. Dryden.

Please (?), v. i. 1. To afford or impart pleasure; to excite agreeable
emotions.

    What pleasing scemed, for her now pleases more.


Milton.

    For we that live to please, must please to live.


Johnson.

2. To have pleasure; to be willing, as a matter of affording pleasure
or showing favor; to vouchsafe; to consent.

    Heavenly stranger, please to taste These bounties.


Milton.

    That he would please 8give me my liberty.


Swift.

Pleased (?), a. Experiencing pleasure. -- Pleas"ed*ly (#), adv. --
Pleas"ed*ness, n.

Please"man (?), n. An officious person who courts favor servilely; a
pickthank. [Obs.] Shak.

Pleas"er (?), n. One who pleases or gratifies.

Pleas"ing, a. Giving pleasure or satisfaction; causing agreeable
emotion; agreeable; delightful; as, a pleasing prospect; pleasing
manners. "Pleasing harmony." Shak. "Pleasing features." Macaulay. --
Pleas"ing*ly, adv. -- Pleas"ing*ness, n.

Syn. -- Gratifying; delightful; agreeable. See Pleasant.

Pleas"ing, n. An object of pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pleas"ur*a*ble (?), a. Capable of affording pleasure or satisfaction;
gratifying; abounding in pleasantness or pleasantry.

    Planting of orchards is very . . . pleasurable.


Bacon.

    O, sir, you are very pleasurable.


B. Jonson.

-- Pleas"ur*a*ble*ness, n. -- Pleas"ur*a*bly, adv.

Pleas"ure (?), n. [F. plaisir, originally an infinitive. See Please.]
1. The gratification of the senses or of the mind; agreeable sensations
or emotions; the excitement, relish, or happiness produced by the
expectation or the enjoyment of something good, delightful, or
satisfying; -- opposed to pain, sorrow, etc.

    At thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore.


Ps. xvi. 11.

2. Amusement; sport; diversion; self- indulgence; frivolous or
dissipating enjoyment; hence, sensual gratification; -- opposed to
labor, service, duty, self-denial, etc. "Not sunk in carnal pleasure."
Milton.

    He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man.


Prov. xxi. 17.

    Lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God.


2 Tim. iii. 4.

3. What the will dictates or prefers as gratifying or satisfying;
hence, will; choice; wish; purpose. "He will do his pleasure on
Babylon." Isa. xlviii. 14.

    Use your pleasure; if your love do not presuade you to come, let
    not my letter.


Shak.

4. That which pleases; a favor; a gratification. Shak.

    Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure


Acts xxv. 9.

At pleasure, by arbitrary will or choice. Dryden. -- To take pleasure
in, to have enjoyment in. Ps. cxlvii. 11.

Pleasure is used adjectively, or in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, pleasure boat, pleasure ground; pleasure house, etc.

Syn. -- Enjoyment; gratification; satisfaction; comfort; solace; joy;
gladness; delight; will; choice; preference; purpose; command; favor;
kindness.

Pleas"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleasured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pleasuring.] To give or afford pleasure to; to please; to gratify.
Shak.

    [Rolled] his hoop to pleasure Edith.


Tennyson.

Pleas"ure, v. i. To take pleasure; to seek pursue pleasure; as, to go
pleasuring.

Pleas"ure*ful (?), a. Affording pleasure. [R.]

Pleas"ure*less, a. Devoid of pleasure. G. Eliot.

Pleas"ur*er (?), n. A pleasure seeker. Dickens.

Pleas"ur*ist, n. A person devoted to worldly pleasure. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.

Pleat (plt), n. & v. t. See Plait.

Plebe (plb), n. [F. plËbe, fr. L. plebs.] 1. The common people; the
mob. [Obs.]

    The plebe with thirst and fury prest.


Sylvester.

2. [Cf. Plebeian.] A member of the lowest class in the military academy
at West Point. [Cant, U.S.]

Ple*be"ian (pl*b"yan), a. [L. plebeius, from plebs, plebis, the common
people: cf. F. plÈbÈien.] 1. Of or pertaining to the Roman plebs, or
common people.

2. Of or pertaining to the common people; vulgar; common; as, plebeian
sports; a plebeian throng.

Ple*be"ian, n. 1. One of the plebs, or common people of ancient Rome,
in distinction from patrician.

2. One of the common people, or lower rank of men.

Ple*be"iance (?), n. 1. Plebeianism. [Obs.]

2. Plebeians, collectively. [Obs.]

Ple*be"ian*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. plÈbÈianisme.] 1. The quality or state
of being plebeian.

2. The conduct or manners of plebeians; vulgarity.

Ple*be"ian*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plebeianized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Plebeianizing.] To render plebeian, common, or vulgar.

Ple*bic"o*list (?), n. [L. plebs the common people + colere to
cultivate.] One who flatters, or courts the favor of, the common
people; a demagogue. [R.]

Pleb`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. plebs the common people + -ficare (in
comp.) to make. See -fy.] A rendering plebeian; the act of vulgarizing.
[R.]

    You begin with the attempt to popularize learning . . . but you
    will end in the plebification of knowledge.


Coleridge.

Ple*bis"ci*ta*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to plebiscite. The Century.

Pleb"i*scite (?), n. [F. plÈbiscite, fr. L. plebiscitum.] A vote by
universal male suffrage; especially, in France, a popular vote, as
first sanctioned by the National Constitution of 1791. [Written also
plebiscit.]

    Plebiscite we have lately taken, in popular use, from the French.


Fitzed. Hall.

||Ple`bis*ci"tum (?), n. [L., fr. plebs, plebis, common people + scitum
||decree.] (Rom. Antiq.) A law enacted by the common people, under the
||superintendence of a tribune or some subordinate plebeian magistrate,
||without the intervention of the senate.

Plec"tile (?), a. [L. plectilis.] Woven; plaited. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

<! p. 1099 !>

Plec"tog*nath (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Plectognathi. - -
n. One of the Plectognathi.

||Plec*to"gna*thi (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; twisted (fr. &?; to
||plait, twist) + &?; jaw.] (Zoˆl.) An order of fishes generally having
||the maxillary bone united with the premaxillary, and the articular
||united with the dentary.

The upper jaw is immovably joined to the skull; the ventral fins are
rudimentary or wanting; and the body is covered with bony plates,
spines, or small rough ossicles, like shagreen. The order includes the
diodons, filefishes, globefishes, and trunkfishes.

{ Plec`tog*nath"ic (?), Plec-tog"na*thous (?), } a. (Zoˆl.) Of or
pertaining to the Plectognathi.

||Plec`to*spon"dy*li (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; plaited + &?;, &?;,
||a vertebra.] (Zoˆl.) An extensive suborder of fresh-water
||physostomous fishes having the anterior vertebrÊ united and much
||modified; the Eventognathi.

Plec`to*spon"dy*lous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the
Plectospondyli.

||Plec"trum (?), n.; pl. L. Plectra (#), E. Plectrums (#). [L., fr. Gr.
||&?; anything to strike with, fr.&?; to strike.] A small instrument of
||ivory, wood, metal, or quill, used in playing upon the lyre and other
||stringed instruments.

Pled (?), imp. & p. p. of Plead [Colloq.] Spenser.

Pledge (?), n. [OF. plege, pleige, pledge, guaranty, LL. plegium,
plivium; akin to OF. plevir to bail, guaranty, perhaps fr. L. praebere
to proffer, offer (sc. fidem a trust, a promise of security), but cf.
also E. play. &radic;28. Cf. Prebend, Replevin.] 1. (Law) The transfer
of possession of personal property from a debtor to a creditor as
security for a debt or engagement; also, the contract created between
the debtor and creditor by a thing being so delivered or deposited,
forming a species of bailment; also, that which is so delivered or
deposited; something put in pawn.

Pledge is ordinarily confined to personal property; the title or
ownership does not pass by it; possession is essential to it. In all
these points it differs from a mortgage [see Mortgage]; and in the
last, from the hypotheca of the Roman law. See Hypotheca. Story. Kent.

2. (Old Eng. Law) A person who undertook, or became responsible, for
another; a bail; a surety; a hostage. "I am Grumio's pledge." Shak.

3. A hypothecation without transfer of possession.

4. Anything given or considered as a security for the performance of an
act; a guarantee; as, mutual interest is the best pledge for the
performance of treaties. "That voice, their liveliest pledge of hope."
Milton.

5. A promise or agreement by which one binds one's self to do, or to
refrain from doing, something; especially, a solemn promise in writing
to refrain from using intoxicating liquors or the like; as, to sign the
pledge; the mayor had made no pledges.

6. A sentiment to which assent is given by drinking one's health; a
toast; a health.

Dead pledge. [A translation of LL. mortuum vadium.] (Law) A mortgage.
See Mortgage. -- Living pledge. [A translation of LL. vivum vadium.]
(Law) The conveyance of an estate to another for money borrowed, to be
held by him until the debt is paid out of the rents and profits. -- To
hold in pledge, to keep as security. -- To put in pledge, to pawn; to
give as security.

Syn. -- See Earnest.

Pledge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pledged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pledging.]
[Cf. OF. pleiger to give security. See Pledge, n.] 1. To deposit, as a
chattel, in pledge or pawn; to leave in possession of another as
security; as, to pledge one's watch.

2. To give or pass as a security; to guarantee; to engage; to plight;
as, to pledge one's word and honor.

    We mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our
    sacred honor.


The Declaration of Independence.

3. To secure performance of, as by a pledge. [Obs.]

    To pledge my vow, I give my hand.


Shak.

4. To bind or engage by promise or declaration; to engage solemnly; as,
to pledge one's self.

5. To invite another to drink, by drinking of the cup first, and then
handing it to him, as a pledge of good will; hence, to drink the health
of; to toast.

    Pledge me, my friend, and drink till thou be'st wise.


Cowley.

Pledg*ee" (?), n. The one to whom a pledge is given, or to whom
property pledged is delivered.

Pledge"less (?), a. Having no pledge.

{ Pledge*or", Pledg*or" } (?), n. (Law) One who pledges, or delivers
anything in pledge; a pledger; -- opposed to pledgee.

This word analogically requires the e after g, but the spelling pledgor
is perhaps commoner.

Pledg"er (?), n. One who pledges.

Pledg"er*y (?), n. [Cf. OF. pleigerie.] A pledging; suretyship. [Obs.]

Pledg"et (?), n. [Prov. E., a small plug.] 1. A small plug. [Prov.
End.]

2. (Naut.) A string of oakum used in calking.

3. (Med.) A compress, or small flat tent of lint, laid over a wound,
ulcer, or the like, to exclude air, retain dressings, or absorb the
matter discharged.

||Ple*gep"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (&?;) a stroke + -poda. In
||allusion to the rapid strokes of the vibrating cilia.] (Zoˆl.) Same
||as Infusoria.

Ple"iad (?), n. One of the Pleiades.

Ple"ia*des (?; 277), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. (&?;)] 1. (Myth.) The seven
daughters of Atlas and the nymph Pleione, fabled to have been made by
Jupiter a constellation in the sky.

2. (Astron.) A group of small stars in the neck of the constellation
Taurus. Job xxxviii. 31.

Alcyone, the brightest of these, a star of the third magnitude, was
considered by M‰dler the central point around which our universe is
revolving, but there is no sufficient evidence of such motion. Only six
pleiads are distinctly visible to the naked eye, whence the ancients
supposed that a sister had concealed herself out of shame for having
loved a mortal, Sisyphus.

Plein (?), a. Plan. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Plein, v. i. & t. To complain. See Plain. [Obs.]

Plein, a. [OF. & F., fr. L. plenus.] Full; complete. [Obs.] "Plein
remission." Chaucer. -- Plein"ly, adv.

Plei"o*cene (?), a. (Geol.) See Pliocene.

Plei*oph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. &?; more + &?; leaf.] (Bot.) Having
several leaves; -- used especially when several leaves or leaflets
appear where normally there should be only one.

||Plei`o*sau"rus (?), n. [NL.] (Paleon.) Same as Pliosaurus.

Pleis"to*cene (?), a. [Gr. &?; most + &?; new.] (Geol.) Of or
pertaining to the epoch, or the deposits, following the Tertiary, and
immediately preceding man. -- n. The Pleistocene epoch, or deposits.

Ple"nal (?), a. [L. plenus full. Cf. Plenary.] Full; complete; as, a
plenal view or act. [Obs.]

Ple"na*ri*ly (?), adv. In a plenary manner.

Ple"na*ri*ness, n. Quality or state of being plenary.

Plen"ar*ty (?), n. The state of a benefice when occupied. Blackstone.

Ple"na*ry (?), a. [LL. plenarius, fr. L. plenus full. See Plenty.]
Full; entire; complete; absolute; as, a plenary license; plenary
authority.

    A treatise on a subject should be plenary or full.


I. Watts.

Plenary indulgence (R. C. Ch.), an entire remission of temporal
punishment due to, or canonical penance for, all sins. -- Plenary
inspiration. (Theol.) See under Inspiration.

Ple"na*ry, n. (Law) Decisive procedure. [Obs.]

Plene (?), Ê. [L. plenus full.] Full; complete; plenary. [Obs.]

Ple"ni*corn (?), n. [L. plenus full + cornu horn.] (Zoˆl.) A ruminant
having solid horns or antlers, as the deer. Brande & C.

Plen`i*lu"na*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to the full moon. [Obs.] Sir
T. Browne.

Plen"i*lune (?), n. [L. plenilunium; plenus full + luna the moon.] The
full moon. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

{ Ple*nip"o*tence (?), Ple*nip"o*ten*cy (?), } n. The quality or state
of being plenipotent. [R.]

Ple*nip"o*tent (?), a. [L. plenus full + potens, -entis, potent.]
Possessing full power. [R.] Milton.

Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Plenipotentiaries (#). [LL.
plenipotentiarius: cf. F. plÈnipotentiaire.] A person invested with
full power to transact any business; especially, an ambassador or envoy
to a foreign court, with full power to negotiate a treaty, or to
transact other business.

Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry, a. Containing or conferring full power; invested
with full power; as, plenipotentiary license; plenipotentiary
ministers. Howell.

Plen"ish (?), v. t. [See Replenish.] 1. To replenish. [Obs.] T. Reeve.

2. To furnish; to stock, as a house or farm. [Scot.]

Plen"ish*ing, n. Household furniture; stock. [Scot.]

Ple"nist (?), n. [L. plenus full; cf. F. plÈniste.] One who holds that
all space is full of matter.

Plen"i*tude (?), n. [L. plenitudo, fr. plenus full; cf. F. plenitude.]
1. The quality or state of being full or complete; fullness;
completeness; abundance; as, the plenitude of space or power.

2. Animal fullness; repletion; plethora. [Obs.]

Plen`i*tu`di*na"ri*an (?), n. A plenist.

Plen`i*tu"di*na*ry (?), a. Having plenitude; full; complete; thorough.
[Obs.]

Plen"te*ous (?), a. [From Plenty.] 1. Containing plenty; abundant;
copious; plentiful; sufficient for every purpose; as, a plenteous
supply. "Reaping plenteous crop." Milton.

2. Yielding abundance; productive; fruitful. "The seven plenteous
years." Gen. xli. 34.

3. Having plenty; abounding; rich.

    The Lord shall make thee plenteous in goods.


Deut. xxviii. 11.

Syn. -- Plentiful; copious; full. See Ample.

-- Plen"te*ous*ly, adv. -- Plen"te*ous*ness, n.

Plen"te*vous (?), a. Plenteous. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Plen"ti*ful (?), a. 1. Containing plenty; copious; abundant; ample; as,
a plentiful harvest; a plentiful supply of water.

2. Yielding abundance; prolific; fruitful.

    If it be a long winter, it is commonly a more plentiful year.


Bacon.

3. Lavish; profuse; prodigal. [Obs.]

    He that is plentiful in expenses will hardly be preserved from


Bacon.

-- Plen"ti*ful*ly, adv. -- Plen"ti*ful*ness, n.

Plen"ty (?), n.; pl. Plenties (#), in Shak. [OE. plentee, plente, OF.
plentÈ, fr. L. plenitas, fr. plenus full. See Full, a., and cf.
Complete.] Full or adequate supply; enough and to spare; sufficiency;
specifically, abundant productiveness of the earth; ample supply for
human wants; abundance; copiousness. "Plenty of corn and wine." Gen.
xxvii. 28. "Promises Britain peace and plenty." Shak.

    Houses of office stuffed with plentee.


Chaucer.

    The teeming clouds Descend in gladsome plenty o'er the world.


Thomson.

Syn. -- Abundance; exuberance. See Abundance.

Plen"ty, a. Plentiful; abundant. [Obs. or Colloq.]

    If reasons were as plenty as blackberries.


Shak. (Folio ed.)

    Those countries where shrubs are plenty.


Goldsmith.

||Ple"num (?), n. [L., fr. plenus full.] That state in which every part
||of space is supposed to be full of matter; -- opposed to vacuum. G.
||Francis.

Ple`o*chro"ic (?), a. Having the property of pleochroism.

Ple*och"ro*ism (?), n. [Gr.&?; mor&?; + &?; color.] (Crystallog.) The
property possessed by some crystals, of showing different colors when
viewed in the direction of different axes.

Ple*och`ro*mat"ic (?), a. Pleochroic.

Ple`o*chro"ma*tism (?), n. Pleochroism.

Ple*och"ro*ous (?), a. Pleochroic.

Ple`o*mor"phic (?), a. Pertaining to pleomorphism; as, the pleomorphic
character of bacteria.

Ple`o*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr. &?; more + &?; form.] 1. (Crystallog.) The
property of crystallizing under two or more distinct fundamental forms,
including dimorphism and trimorphism.

2. (Biol.) The theory that the various genera of bacteria are phases or
variations of growth of a number of Protean species, each of which may
exhibit, according to undetermined conditions, all or some of the forms
characteristic of the different genera and species.

Ple`o*mor"phous (?), a. Having the property of pleomorphism.

Ple"o*nasm, (&?;), n. [L. pleonasmus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to be more than
enough, to abound, fr.&?;, neut. of &?;, more, compar. of &?; much. See
Full, a., and cf. Poly-, Plus.] (Rhet.) Redundancy of language in
speaking or writing; the use of more words than are necessary to
express the idea; as, I saw it with my own eyes.

Ple"o*nast (?), n. One who is addicted to pleonasm. [R.] C. Reade.

Ple"o*naste, n. [Gr.&?; abundant, rich; cf. F. plÈonaste.] (Min.) A
black variety of spinel.

{ Ple`o*nas"tic (?), Ple`o*nas"tic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. plÈonastique.]
Of or pertaining to pleonasm; of the nature of pleonasm; redundant.

Ple`o*nas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a pleonastic manner.

Ple"o*pod (?), n.; pl. E. Pleopods (#), L. Pleopoda (#). [Gr. &?; to
swim + -pod.] (Zoˆl.) One of the abdominal legs of a crustacean. See
Illust. under Crustacea.

Ple"rome (?), n. [Gr. &?; that which fills up, fr. &?; to fill.] (Bot.)
The central column of parenchyma in a growing stem or root.

Ple*roph"o*ry (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; full + &?; to bear.] Fullness; full
persuasion. "A plerophory of assurance." Bp. Hall.

Ples"ance (?), n. Pleasance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Plesh (?), n. A pool; a plash. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ple`si*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr. &?; near + &?; form.] (Crystallog.) The
property possessed by some substances of crystallizing in closely
similar forms while unlike in chemical composition.

Ple`si*o*mor"phous (?), a. Nearly alike in form.

Ple"si*o*saur (?), n. (Paleon.) One of the Plesiosauria.

||Ple`si*o*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Plesiosaurus.] (Paleon.) An
||extinct order of Mesozoic marine reptiles including the genera
||Plesiosaurus, and allied forms; -- called also Sauropterygia.

Ple`si*o*sau"ri*an (?), n. (Paleon.) A plesiosaur.

||Ple`si*o*sau"rus (?), n.; pl. Plesiosauri (#). [NL., fr. Gr &?; near
||+ &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.) A genus of large extinct marine reptiles,
||having a very long neck, a small head, and paddles for swimming. It
||lived in the Mesozoic age.

Ples*sim"e*ter (?), n. See Pleximeter.

Plete (?), v. t. & i. To plead. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

Pleth"o*ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to be or become full. Cf.
Pleonasm.] 1. Overfullness; especially, excessive fullness of the blood
vessels; repletion; that state of the blood vessels or of the system
when the blood exceeds a healthy standard in quantity; hyperÊmia; --
opposed to anÊmia.

2. State of being overfull; excess; superabundance.

    He labors under a plethora of wit and imagination.


Jeffrey.

Pleth`o*ret"ic (?), a. Plethoric. [Obs.] Johnson.

Ple*thor"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;; cf. F. plÈthorique.] Haeving a full habit
of body; characterized by plethora or excess of blood; as, a plethoric
constitution; -- used also metaphorically. "Plethoric phrases." Sydney
Smith. "Plethoric fullness of thought." De Quincey.

Ple*thor"ic*al (?), a. Plethoric. [R.] -- Ple*thor"ic*al*ly, adv.
Burke.

Pleth"o*ry (?), n. Plethora. Jer. Taylor.

{ ||Pleth"ron (?), ||Pleth"rum (?), } n.; pl. Plethra (#). [NL., fr.
Gr. &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.) A long measure of 100 Greek, or 101 English,
feet; also, a square measure of 10,000 Greek feet.

||Pleth"ys*mo*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; an enlargement + -graph.]
||(Physiol.) An instrument for determining and registering the
||variations in the size or volume of a limb, as the arm or leg, and
||hence the variations in the amount of blood in the limb.

-- Pleth`ys*mo*graph"ic (#), a.

<! p. 1100 !>

Pleth`ys*mog"ra*phy (?), n. (Physiol.) The study, by means of the
plethysmograph, of the variations in size of a limb, and hence of its
blood supply.

||Pleu"ra (?), n., pl. of Pleuron.

Pleu"ra, n.; pl. L. PleurÊ (#), E. Pleuras (#). [NL., n. fem., fr. Gr.
&?; a rib, the side.] 1. (Anat.) (a) The smooth serous membrane which
closely covers the lungs and the adjacent surfaces of the thorax; the
pleural membrane. (b) The closed sac formed by the pleural membrane
about each lung, or the fold of membrane connecting each lung with the
body wall.

2. (Zoˆl.) Same as Pleuron.

Pleu"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pleura or pleurÊ, or
to the sides of the thorax.

||Pleu*ral"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; rib + &?; pain.] (Med.) Pain
||in the side or region of the ribs.

||Pleu`ra*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Pleurapophyses (#). [NL. See Pleura,
||and Apophysis.] (Anat.) One of the ventral processes of a vertebra,
||or the dorsal element in each half of a hemal arch, forming, or
||corresponding to, a vertebral rib. -- Pleu*rap`o*phys"i*al (#), a.
||Owen.

Pleu*ren"chy*ma (?), n. [Gr. &?; side + &?;, as in parenchyma.] (Bot.)
A tissue consisting of long and slender tubular cells, of which wood is
mainly composed.

Pleu"ric (?), a. (Anat.) Pleural.

Pleu"ri*sy (?), n. [F. pleurÈsie, L. pleurisis, pleuritis, Gr
pleyri^tis (sc. no`sos), fr. pleyra` rib, side.] (Med.) An inflammation
of the pleura, usually accompanied with fever, pain, difficult
respiration, and cough, and with exudation into the pleural cavity.

Pleurisy root. (Bot.) (a) The large tuberous root of a kind of milkweed
(Asclepias tuberosa) which is used as a remedy for pleuritic and other
diseases. (b) The plant itself, which has deep orange-colored flowers;
-- called also butterfly weed.

Pleu"rite (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Pleuron.

{ Pleu*rit"ic (?), Pleu*rit"ic*al (?), } a. [L. pleuriticus, Gr. &?;:
cf. F. pleurÈtique.] (Med.) (a) Of or pertaining to pleurisy; as,
pleuritic symptoms. (b) Suffering from pleurisy.

||Pleu*ri"tis (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Pleurisy.

Pleu"ro- (?). [See Pleura.] A combining form denoting relation to a
side; specif., connection with, or situation in or near, the pleura;
as, pleuroperitoneum.

||Pleu`ro*brach"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Pleuro-, and Brachium.] (Zoˆl.) A
||genus of ctenophores having an ovate body and two long plumose
||tentacles.

Pleu"ro*branch (?), n. [See Pleuro- , and Branchia.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of
the gills of a crustacean that is attached to the side of the thorax.

||Pleu`ro*bran"chi*a (?), n.; pl. PleuroeranchiÊ (#). [NL.] (Zoˆl.)
||Same as Pleurobranch.

Pleu"ro*carp (?), n. [Pleuro- + Gr. &?; fruit.] (Bot.) Any pleurocarpic
moss.

{ Pleu`ro*car"pic (?), Pleu`ro*car"pous (?), } a. (Bot.) Side-fruited;
-- said of those true mosses in which the pedicels or the capsules are
from lateral archegonia; -- opposed to acrocarpous.

||Pleu`ro*cen"trum (?), n. [NL. see Pleuro-, and Centrum.] (Anat.) One
||of the lateral elements in the centra of the vertebrÊ in some fossil
||batrachians.

||Pleu*rod"e*res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the side + &?; the
||neck.] (Zoˆl.) A group of fresh-water turtles in which the neck can
||not be retracted, but is bent to one side, for protection. The
||matamata is an example.

Pleu"ro*dont (?), a. [Pleuro- + Gr. &?;, &?;, a tooth.] (Anat.) Having
the teeth consolidated with the inner edge of the jaw, as in some
lizards.

Pleu"ro*dont, n. (Zoˆl.) Any lizard having pleurodont teeth.

||Pleu`ro*dyn"i*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; side + &?; pain.] (Med.) A
||painful affection of the side, simulating pleurisy, usually due to
||rheumatism.

||Pleu"ron (?), n.; pl. Pleura (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a rib.] (Zoˆl.)
||(a) One of the sides of an animal. (b) One of the lateral pieces of a
||somite of an insect. (c) One of lateral processes of a somite of a
||crustacean.

Pleu`ro*nec"toid (?), a. [NL. Pleuronectes, name of a genus (fr. Gr.
&?; rib + &?; a swimmer) + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the
PleuronectidÊ, or Flounder family.

Pleu`ro*per`i*car"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pleura
and pericardium.

Pleu`ro*per`ip*neu"mo*ny (?), n. [Pleuro- + peripneumony.] (Med.)
Pleuropneumonia.

Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pleural
and peritoneal membranes or cavities, or to the pleuroperitoneum.

Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"um (?), n. [Pleuro- + peritoneum.] (Anat.) The
pleural and peritoneal membranes, or the membrane lining the body
cavity and covering the surface of the inclosed viscera; the
peritoneum; -- used especially in the case of those animals in which
the body cavity is not divided.

Peritoneum is now often used in the sense of pleuroperitoneum, the
pleurÊ being regarded as a part of the peritoneum, when the body cavity
is undivided.

Pleu`ro*pneu*mo"ni*a (?), n. [Pleuro-  + pneumonia.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the pleura and lungs; a combination of pleurisy and
pneumonia, esp. a kind of contagions and fatal lung plague of cattle.

||Pleu*rop"te*ra (?), n. pl [NL., fr. Gr. &?; side + &?; wing.] (Zoˆl.)
||A group of Isectivora, including the colugo.

||Pleu`ro*sig"ma (?), n. [NL. See Pleuro-, and Sigma.] (Bot.) A genus
||of diatoms of elongated elliptical shape, but having the sides
||slightly curved in the form of a letter S. Pleurosigma angulatum has
||very fine striations, and is a favorite object for testing the high
||powers of microscopes.

||Pleu*ros"te*on (?), n.; pl. L. Pleurostea (#), E. -ons (#). [NL., fr.
||Gr. &?; a rib + &?; a bone.] (Anat.) The antero- lateral piece which
||articulates the sternum of birds.

||Pleu`ro*thot"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pleyro`qen from the side +
||to`nos a stretching.] (Med.) A species of tetanus, in which the body
||is curved laterally. Quain. Dunglison.

||Pleu*rot"o*ma (?), n.; pl. L. PleurotomÊ (#), E. Pleurotomas (#).
||[NL., fr. Gr. &?; the side + tomh` a cut.] (Zoˆl.) Any marine
||gastropod belonging to Pleurotoma, and ether allied genera of the
||family PleurotmidÊ. The species are very numerous, especially in
||tropical seas. The outer lip has usually a posterior notch or slit.

Plev"in (?), n. [OF. plevine. See Replevin.] A warrant or assurance.
[Obs.]

Plex"i*form (?), a. [Plexus + -form: cf. F. Plexiforme.] Like network;
complicated. Quincy.

Plex*im"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; stroke, percussion (from &?; to strike)
+ -meter.] (Med.) A small, hard, elastic plate, as of ivory, bone, or
rubber, placed in contact with body to receive the blow, in examination
by mediate percussion. [Written also plexometer.]

Plex"ure (?), n. [See Plexus.] The act or process of weaving together,
or interweaving; that which is woven together. H. Brooke.

Plex"us (?), n.; pl. L. Plexus, E. Plexuses (#). [L., a twining, braid,
fr. plectere, plexum, to twine, braid.] 1. (Anat.) A network of
vessels, nerves, or fibers.

2. (Math.) The system of equations required for the complete expression
of the relations which exist between a set of quantities. Brande & C.

Pley (?), v. & n. See Play. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pley (?), a. Full See Plein. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pleyt (?), n. (Naut.) An old term for a river boat.

Pli`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being pliable;
flexibility; as, pliability of disposition. "Pliability of movement."
Sir W. Scott.

Pli"a*ble (?), a. [F., fr. plier to bend, to fold. See Ply, v.] 1.
Capable of being plied, turned, or bent; easy to be bent; flexible;
pliant; supple; limber; yielding; as, willow is a pliable plant.

2. Flexible in disposition; readily yielding to influence, arguments,
persuasion, or discipline; easy to be persuaded; -- sometimes in a bad
sense; as, a pliable youth. "Pliable she promised to be." Dr. H. More.

-- Pli"a*ble*ness, n. -- Pli"a*bly, adv.

Pli"an*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being pliant in sense; as,
the pliancy of a rod. "Avaunt all specious pliancy of mind."
Wordsworth.

Pli"ant (?), a. [F. pliant, p. pr. of plier to bend. See Ply, v.] 1.
Capable of plying or bending; readily yielding to force or pressure
without breaking; flexible; pliable; lithe; limber; plastic; as, a
pliant thread; pliant wax. Also used figuratively: Easily influenced
for good or evil; tractable; as, a pliant heart.

    The will was then ductile and pliant to right reason.


South.

2. Favorable to pliancy. [R.] "A pliant hour." Shak. -- Pli"ant*ly,
adv. -- Pli"ant*ness, n.

||Pli"ca (?), n. [LL., a fold, fr. L. plicare to fold. See Ply, v.] 1.
||(Med.) A disease of the hair (Plica polonica), in which it becomes
||twisted and matted together. The disease is of Polish origin, and is
||hence called also Polish plait. Dunglison.

2. (Bot.) A diseased state in plants in which there is an excessive
development of small entangled twigs, instead of ordinary branches.

3. (Zoˆl.) The bend of the wing of a bird.

{ Pli"cate (?), Pli"ca*ted (?), } a. [L. plicatus, p. p. of plicare to
fold.] Plaited; folded like a fan; as, a plicate leaf. -- Pli"cate*ly
(#), adv.

Pli*ca"tion (?), n. A folding or fold; a plait. Richardson.

Plic"a*ture (?), n. [L. plicatura, fr. plicare to fold.] A fold; a
doubling; a plication. Dr. H. More.

Plic`i*den"tine (?), n. [LL. plica fold + E. dentine.] (Anat.) A form
of dentine which shows sinuous lines of structure in a transverse
section of the tooth.

Plied (?), imp. & p. p. of Ply.

Pli"ers (?), n. pl. [From Ply to bend, fold.] A kind of small pinchers
with long jaws, -- used for bending or cutting metal rods or wire, for
handling small objects such as the parts of a watch, etc.

Pli"form (?), a. [Ply a fold + -form.] In the form of a ply, fold, or
doubling. [Obs.] Pennant.

Plight (?), obs. imp. & p. p. of Plight, to pledge. Chaucer.

Plight, obs. imp. & p. p. of Pluck. Chaucer.

Plight, v. t. [OE. pliten; probably through Old French, fr. LL.
plectare, L. plectere. See Plait, Ply.] To weave; to braid; to fold; to
plait.[Obs.] "To sew and plight." Chaucer.

    A plighted garment of divers colors.


Milton.

Plight (?), n. A network; a plait; a fold; rarely a garment. [Obs.]
"Many a folded plight." Spenser.

Plight, n. [OE. pliht danger, engagement, AS. pliht danger, fr. pleÛn
to risk; akin to D. plicht duty, G. pflicht, Dan. pligt. &radic;28. Cf.
Play.] 1. That which is exposed to risk; that which is plighted or
pledged; security; a gage; a pledge. "That lord whose hand must take my
plight." Shak.

2. [Perh. the same word as plight a pledge, but at least influenced by
OF. plite, pliste, ploit, ploi, a condition, state; cf. E. plight to
fold, and F. pli a fold, habit, plier to fold, E. ply.] Condition;
state; -- risk, or exposure to danger, often being implied; as, a
luckless plight. "Your plight is pitied." Shak.

    To bring our craft all in another plight


Chaucer.

Plight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Plighting.] [AS.
plihtan to expose to danger, pliht danger;cf. D. verplichten to oblige,
engage, impose a duty, G. verpflichten, Sw. fˆrplikta, Dan. forpligte.
See Plight, n.] 1. To pledge; to give as a pledge for the performance
of some act; as, to plight faith, honor, word; -- never applied to
property or goods. " To do them plighte their troth." Piers Plowman.

    He plighted his right hand Unto another love, and to another land.


Spenser.

    Here my inviolable faith I plight.


Dryden.

2. To promise; to engage; to betroth.

    Before its setting hour, divide The bridegroom from the plighted
    bride.


Sir W. Scott.

Plight"er (?), n. One who, or that which, plights.

Plim (?), v. i. [Cf. Plump.] To swell, as grain or wood with water.
[Prov. Eng.] Grose.

Plim"soll's mark` (?). (Naut.) A mark conspicuously painted on the port
side of all British sea-going merchant vessels, to indicate the limit
of submergence allowed by law; -- so called from Samuel Plimsoll, by
whose efforts the act of Parliament to prevent overloading was
procured.

Plinth (?), n. [L. plinthus, Gr. &?; a brick or tile, a plinth, perh.
akin to E. flint: cf. F. plinthe.] (Arch.) In classical architecture, a
vertically faced member immediately below the circular base of a
column; also, the lowest member of a pedestal; hence, in general, the
lowest member of a base; a sub-base; a block upon which the moldings of
an architrave or trim are stopped at the bottom. See Illust. of Column.

Pli"o*cene (?), a. [Written also pleiocene.] [Gr. &?; more + &?; new,
recent.] (Geol.) Of, pertaining to, or characterizing, the most recent
division of the Tertiary age.

Pli"o*cene, n. (Geol.) The Pliocene period or deposits.

||Pli`o*hip"pus (?), n. [NL., fr. E. pliocene + Gr. &?; horse.]
||(Paleon.) An extinct genus of horses from the Pliocene deposits. Each
||foot had a single toe (or hoof), as in the common horse.

||Pli`o*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; greater + &?; lizard.]
||(Paleon.) An extinct genus of marine reptiles allied to Plesiosaurus,
||but having a much shorter neck.

Plitt (?), n. [Russ. plete.] An instrument of punishment or torture
resembling the knout, used in Russia.

Ploc (?), n. [F.] (Naut.) A mixture of hair and tar for covering the
bottom of a ship.

||Plo"ce (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; complication, fr. &?; to entwine.]
||(Rhet.) A figure in which a word is separated or repeated by way of
||emphasis, so as not only to signify the individual thing denoted by
||it, but also its peculiar attribute or quality; as, "His wife's a
||wife indeed." Bailey.

Plod (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Plodded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plodding.]
[Gf. Gael. plod a clod, a pool; also, to strike or pelt with a clod or
clods.] 1. To travel slowly but steadily; to trudge. Shak.

2. To toil; to drudge; especially, to study laboriously and patiently.
"Plodding schoolmen." Drayton.

Plod, v. t. To walk on slowly or heavily.

    The ploughman homeward plods his weary way.


Gray.

Plod"der (?), n. One who plods; a drudge.

Plod"ding (?), a. Progressing in a slow, toilsome manner; characterized
by laborious diligence; as, a plodding peddler; a plodding student; a
man of plodding habits. --Plod"ding*ly, adv.

Plonge (?), v. t. [See Plunge.] To cleanse, as open drains which are
entered by the tide, by stirring up the sediment when the tide ebbs.

||Plon`gÈe" (?), n. [F. See Plunge.] (Mil.) A slope or sloping toward
||the front; as, the plongÈe of a parapet; the plongÈe of a shell in
||its course. [Sometimes written plonge.]

Plot (?), n. [AS. plot; cf. Goth. plats a patch. Cf. Plat a piece of
ground.] 1. A small extent of ground; a plat; as, a garden plot. Shak.

2. A plantation laid out. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

3. (Surv.) A plan or draught of a field, farm, estate, etc., drawn to a
scale.

Plot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plotted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plotting.] To
make a plot, map, pr plan, of; to mark the position of on a plan; to
delineate.

    This treatise plotteth down Cornwall as it now standeth.


Carew.

Plot, n. [Abbrev. from complot.] 1. Any scheme, stratagem, secret
design, or plan, of a complicated nature, adapted to the accomplishment
of some purpose, usually a treacherous and mischievous one; a
conspiracy; an intrigue; as, the Rye-house Plot.

    I have overheard a plot of death.


Shak.

    O, think what anxious moments pass between The birth of plots and
    their last fatal periods!


Addison.

2. A share in such a plot or scheme; a participation in any stratagem
or conspiracy. [Obs.]

    And when Christ saith, Who marries the divorced commits adultery,
    it is to be understood, if he had any plot in the divorce.


Milton.

3. Contrivance; deep reach of thought; ability to plot or intrigue.
[Obs.] "A man of much plot." Denham.

4. A plan; a purpose. "No other plot in their religion but serve God
and save their souls." Jer. Taylor.

5. In fiction, the story of a play, novel, romance, or poem, comprising
a complication of incidents which are gradually unfolded, sometimes by
unexpected means.

    If the plot or intrigue must be natural, and such as springs from
    the subject, then the winding up of the plot must be a probable
    consequence of all that went before.


Pope.

Syn. -- Intrigue; stratagem; conspiracy; cabal; combination;
contrivance.

<! p. 1101 !>

Plot (plt), v. i. 1. To form a scheme of mischief against another,
especially against a government or those who administer it; to
conspire. Shak.

    The wicked plotteth against the just.


Ps. xxxvii. 12.

2. To contrive a plan or stratagem; to scheme.

    The prince did plot to be secretly gone.


Sir H. Wotton.

Plot, v. t. To plan; to scheme; to devise; to contrive secretly.
"Plotting an unprofitable crime." Dryden. "Plotting now the fall of
others." Milton

Plot"ful (?), a. Abounding with plots.

Plo*tin"i*an (?), a.Of pertaining to the Plotinists or their doctrines.

Plo*ti"nist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A disciple of Plotinus, a celebrated
Platonic philosopher of the third century, who taught that the human
soul emanates from the divine Being, to whom it reunited at death.

Plot"-proof` (?), a. Secure against harm by plots. Shak.

Plot"ter (?), n. One who plots or schemes; a contriver; a conspirator;
a schemer. Dryden.

Plough (?), n. & v. See Plow.

Plov"er (?), n. [OF. plovier, F. pluvier, prop., the rain bird, fr. LL.
(assumed) pluviarius, fr. L. pluvia rain, from pluere to rain; akin to
E. float, G. fliessen to flow. See Float.] 1. (Zoˆl.) Any one of
numerous species of limicoline birds belonging to the family
CharadridÊ, and especially those belonging to the subfamily
CharadrinsÊ. They are prized as game birds.

2. (Zoˆl.) Any grallatorial bird allied to, or resembling, the true
plovers, as the crab plover (Dromas ardeola); the American upland,
plover (Bartramia longicauda); and other species of sandpipers.

Among the more important species are the blackbellied, or
blackbreasted, plover (Charadrius squatarola) of America and Europe; --
called also gray plover, bull-head plover, Swiss plover, sea plover,
and oxeye; the golden plover (see under Golden); the ring or ringed
plover (∆gialitis hiaticula). See Ringneck. The piping plover
(∆gialitis meloda); Wilson's plover (∆. Wilsonia); the mountain plover
(∆. montana); and the semipalmated plover (∆. semipalmata), are all
small American species.

Bastard plover (Zoˆl.), the lapwing. -- Long-legged, or yellow- legged,
plover. See Tattler. -- Plover's page, the dunlin. [Prov. Eng.] -- Rock
plover, or Stone plover, the black-bellied plover. [Prov. Eng.] --
Whistling plover. (a) The golden plover. (b) The black-bellied plover.

{ Plow, Plough } (plou), n. [OE. plouh, plou, AS. plh; akin to D.
ploeg, G. pflug, OHG. pfluog, pfluoh, Icel. plgr, Sw. plog, Dan. ploug,
plov, Russ. plug', Lith. plugas.] 1. A well-known implement, drawn by
horses, mules, oxen, or other power, for turning up the soil to prepare
it for bearing crops; also used to furrow or break up the soil for
other purposes; as, the subsoil plow; the draining plow.

    Where fern succeeds ungrateful to the plow.


Dryden.

2. Fig.: Agriculture; husbandry. Johnson.

3. A carucate of land; a plowland. [Obs.] [Eng.]

    Johan, mine eldest son, shall have plowes five.


Tale of Gamelyn.

4. A joiner's plane for making grooves; a grooving plane.

5. (Bookbinding) An implement for trimming or shaving off the edges of
books.

6. (Astron.) Same as Charles's Wain.

Ice plow, a plow used for cutting ice on rivers, ponds, etc., into
cakes suitable for storing. [U. S.] -- Mackerel plow. See under
Mackerel. - - Plow alms, a penny formerly paid by every plowland to the
church. Cowell. -- Plow beam, that part of the frame of a plow to which
the draught is applied. See Beam, n., 9. -- Plow Monday, the Monday
after Twelth Day, or the end of Christmas holidays. -- Plow staff. (a)
A kind of long-handled spade or paddle for cleaning the plowshare; a
paddle staff. (b) A plow handle. -- Snow plow, a structure, usually
-shaped, for removing snow from sidewalks, railroads, etc., -- drawn or
driven by a horse or a locomotive.

{ Plow, Plough, } v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plowed (ploud) or Ploughed; p.
pr. & vb. n. Plowing or Ploughing.] 1. To turn up, break up, or trench,
with a plow; to till with, or as with, a plow; as, to plow the ground;
to plow a field.

2. To furrow; to make furrows, grooves, or ridges in; to run through,
as in sailing.

    Let patient Octavia plow thy visage up With her prepared nails.


Shak.

    With speed we plow the watery way.


Pope.

3. (Bookbinding) To trim, or shave off the edges of, as a book or
paper, with a plow. See Plow, n., 5.

4. (Joinery) To cut a groove in, as in a plank, or the edge of a board;
especially, a rectangular groove to receive the end of a shelf or
tread, the edge of a panel, a tongue, etc.

To plow in, to cover by plowing; as, to plow in wheat. -- To plow up,
to turn out of the ground by plowing.

{ Plow, Plough } (plou), v. i. To labor with, or as with, a plow; to
till or turn up the soil with a plow; to prepare the soil or bed for
anything. Shak.

    Doth the plowman plow all day to sow ?


Isa. xxviii. 24.

{ Plow"a*ble, Plough"a*ble } (?), a. Capable of being plowed; arable.

{ Plow"bote`, Plough"bote` } (?), n. (Eng. Law) Wood or timber allowed
to a tenant for the repair of instruments of husbandry. See Bote.

{ Plow"boy`, Plough"boy` }, n. A boy that drives or guides a team in
plowing; a young rustic.

{ Plow"er, Plough"er } (?), n. One who plows; a plowman; a cultivator.

{ Plow"foot`, Plough"foot` } (?), n. An adjustable staff formerly
attached to the plow beam to determine the depth of the furrow. Piers
Plowman.

{ Plow"gang`, Plough"gang` } (?), n. Same as Plowgate.

{ Plow"gate`, Plough"gate` } (?), n. The Scotch equivalent of the
English word plowland.

    Not having one plowgate of land.


Sir W. Scott.

{ Plow"head`, Plough"head` } (?), n. The clevis or draught iron of a
plow.

{ Plow"land`, Ploug"land` } (?), n. 1. Land that is plowed, or suitable
for tillage.

2. (O. Eng. Law) the quantity of land allotted for the work of one
plow; a hide.

{ Plow"man, Plough"man } (?), n.; pl. -men (&?;). 1. One who plows, or
who holds and guides a plow; hence, a husbandman. Chaucer. Macaulay.

2. A rustic; a countryman; a field laborer.

Plowman's spikenard (Bot.), a European composite weed (Conyza
squarrosa), having fragrant roots. Dr. Prior.

{ Plow"point`, Plough"point` } (?), n. A detachable share at the
extreme front end of the plow body.

{ Plow"share`, Plough"share" } (?), n. The share of a plow, or that
part which cuts the slice of earth or sod at the bottom of the furrow.

Plowshare bone (Anat.), the pygostyle.

{ Plow"tail`, Plough"tail` } (?), n. The hind part or handle of a plow.

{ Plow"wright`, Plough"wright` } (?), n. One who makes or repairs
plows.

Ploy (?), n. Sport; frolic. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Ploy, v. i. [Prob. abbrev. fr. deploy.] (Mil.) To form a column from a
line of troops on some designated subdivision; -- the opposite of
deploy. Wilhelm.

Ploy"ment (?), n. (Mil.) The act or movement of forming a column from a
line of troops on some designated subdivision; -- the opposite of
deployment.

Pluck (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plucked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plucking.]
[AS. pluccian; akin to LG. & D. plukken, G. pfl¸cken, Icel. plokka,
plukka, Dan. plukke, Sw. plocka. &?;27.] 1. To pull; to draw.

    Its own nature . . . plucks on its own dissolution.


Je&?;. Taylor.

2. Especially, to pull with sudden force or effort, or to pull off or
out from something, with a twitch; to twitch; also, to gather, to pick;
as, to pluck feathers from a fowl; to pluck hair or wool from a skin;
to pluck grapes.

    I come to pluck your berries harsh and crude.


Milton.

    E'en children followed, with endearing wile, And plucked his gown
    to share the good man's smile.


Goldsmith.

3. To strip of, or as of, feathers; as, to pluck a fowl.

    They which pass by the way do pluck her.


Ps. lxxx.&?;2.

4. (Eng. Universities) To reject at an examination for degrees. C.
BrontÈ.

To pluck away, to pull away, or to separate by pulling; to tear away.
-- To pluck down, to pull down; to demolish; to reduce to a lower
state. -- to pluck off, to pull or tear off; as, to pluck off the skin.
-- to pluck up. (a) To tear up by the roots or from the foundation; to
eradicate; to exterminate; to destroy; as, to pluck up a plant; to
pluck up a nation. Jer. xii. 17. (b) To gather up; to summon; as, to
pluck up courage.

Pluck, v. i. To make a motion of pulling or twitching; -- usually with
at; as, to pluck at one's gown.

Pluck, n. 1. The act of plucking; a pull; a twitch.

2. [Prob. so called as being plucked out after the animal is killed; or
cf. Gael. & Ir. pluc a lump, a knot, a bunch.] The heart, liver, and
lights of an animal.

3. Spirit; courage; indomitable resolution; fortitude.

    Decay of English spirit, decay of manly pluck.


Thackeray.

4. The act of plucking, or the state of being plucked, at college. See
Pluck, v. t., 4.

5. (Zoˆl.) The lyrie. [Prov. Eng.]

Plucked (?), a. Having courage and spirit. [R.]

Pluck"er, n. 1. One who, or that which, plucks.

    Thou setter up and plucker down of kings.


Shak.

2. A machine for straightening and cleaning wool.

Pluck"i*ly (?), adv. In a plucky manner.

Pluck"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being plucky.

Pluck"less, a. Without pluck; timid; faint-hearted.

Pluck"y (?), a. [Compar. Pluckier (?); superl. Pluckiest.] Having pluck
or courage; characterized by pluck; displaying pluck; courageous;
spirited; as, a plucky race.

    If you're plucky, and not over subject to fright.


Barham.

Pluff (?), v. t. [Prob. of imitative origin.] To throw out, as smoke,
dust, etc., in puffs. [Scot.]

Pluff, n. 1. A puff, as of smoke from a pipe, or of dust from a
puffball; a slight explosion, as of a small quantity of gunpowder.
[Scot.]

2. A hairdresser's powder puff; also, the act of using it. [Scot.]

Plug (?), n. [Akin to D. plug, G. pflock, Dan. plˆk, plug, Sw. plugg;
cf. W. ploc.] 1. Any piece of wood, metal, or other substance used to
stop or fill a hole; a stopple.

2. A flat oblong cake of pressed tobacco. [U. S.]

3. A high, tapering silk hat. [Slang, U.S.]

4. A worthless horse. [Slang, U.S.]

5. (Building) A block of wood let into a wall, to afford a hold for
nails.

Fire plug, a street hydrant to which hose may be attached. [U. S.] --
Hawse plug (Naut.), a plug to stop a hawse hole. -- Plug and feather.
(Stone Working) See Feather, n., 7. -- Plug centerbit, a centerbit
ending in a small cylinder instead of a point, so as to follow and
enlarge a hole previously made, or to form a counterbore around it. --
Plug rod (Steam Eng.) , a rod attached to the beam for working the
valves, as in the Cornish engine. -- Plug valve (Mech.), a tapering
valve, which turns in a case like the plug of a faucet.

Plug (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plugging
(?).] To stop with a plug; to make tight by stopping a hole.

Plug"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, plugs.

Plug"ging, n. 1. The act of stopping with a plug.

2. The material of which a plug or stopple is made.

Plum (?), n. [AS. plme, fr. L. prunum; akin to Gr. &?;, &?;. Cf. Prune
a dried plum.]

1. (Bot.) The edible drupaceous fruit of the Prunus domestica, and of
several other species of Prunus; also, the tree itself, usually called
plum tree.

    The bullace, the damson, and the numerous varieties of plum, of our
    gardens, although growing into thornless trees, are believed to be
    varieties of the blackthorn, produced by long cultivation.


G. Bentham.

Two or three hundred varieties of plums derived from the Prunus
domestica are described; among them the greengage, the Orleans, the
purple gage, or Reine Claude Violette, and the German prune, are some
of the best known.

Among the true plums are; Beach plum, the Prunus maritima, and its
crimson or purple globular drupes, -- Bullace plum. See Bullace. --
Chickasaw plum, the American Prunus Chicasa, and its round red drupes.
-- Orleans plum, a dark reddish purple plum of medium size, much grown
in England for sale in the markets. -- Wild plum of America, Prunus
Americana, with red or yellow fruit, the original of the Iowa plum and
several other varieties.

Among plants called plum, but of other genera than Prunus, are;
Australian plum, Cargillia arborea and C. australis, of the same family
with the persimmon. -- Blood plum, the West African HÊmatostaphes
Barteri. -- Cocoa plum, the Spanish nectarine. See under Nectarine. --
Date plum. See under Date. -- Gingerbread plum, the West African
Parinarium macrophyllum. -- Gopher plum, the Ogeechee lime. -- Gray
plum, Guinea plum. See under Guinea. -- Indian plum, several species of
Flacourtia.

2. A grape dried in the sun; a raisin.

3. A handsome fortune or property; formerly, in cant language, the sum
of £100,000 sterling; also, the person possessing it.

Plum bird, Plum budder (Zoˆl.), the European bullfinch. -- Plum gouger
(Zoˆl.), a weevil, or curculio (Coccotorus scutellaris), which destroys
plums. It makes round holes in the pulp, for the reception of its eggs.
The larva bores into the stone and eats the kernel. -- Plum weevil
(Zoˆl.), an American weevil which is very destructive to plums,
nectarines, cherries, and many other stone fruits. It lays its eggs in
crescent-shaped incisions made with its jaws. The larva lives upon the
pulp around the stone. Called also turk, and plum curculio. See Illust.
under Curculio.

||Plu"ma (pl"m), n.; pl. PlumÊ (-m). [L.] (Zoˆl.) A feather.

Plum"age (plm"j), n. [F., from plume a feather.] (Zoˆl.) The entire
clothing of a bird.

It consist of the contour feathers, or the ordinary feathers covering
the head, neck, and body; the tail feathers, with their upper and lower
coverts; the wing feathers, including primaries, secondaries, and
tertiaries, with their coverts; and the down which lies beneath the
contour feathers. See Illust. under Bird.

Plu*mas"sa*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. plumasseau.] A plume or collection of
ornamental feathers.

||Plu`mas`sier" (?), n. [F.] One who prepares or deals in ornamental
||plumes or feathers.

Plumb (plm), n. [F. plomb, L. plumbum lead, a leaden ball or bullet;
cf. Gr. mo`lybos, mo`libos, mo`lybdos. Cf. Plummet, Plunge.] A little
mass or weight of lead, or the like, attached to a line, and used by
builders, etc., to indicate a vertical direction; a plummet; a plumb
bob. See Plumb line, below.

Plumb bob. See Bob, 4. -- Plumb joint, in sheet-metal work, a lap
joint, fastened by solder. -- Plumb level. See under Level. -- Plumb
line. (a) The cord by which a plumb bob is suspended; a plummet. (b) A
line directed to the center of gravity of the earth. -- Plumb rule, a
narrow board with a plumb line, used by builders and carpenters.

Plumb, a. Perpendicular; vertical; conforming the direction of a line
attached to a plumb; as, the wall is plumb.

Plumb, adv. In a plumb direction; perpendicularly. "Plumb down he
falls." Milton.

Plumb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plumbed (plmd); p. pr. & vb. n. Plumbing
(plm"ng).] 1. To adjust by a plumb line; to cause to be perpendicular;
as, to plumb a building or a wall.

2. To sound with a plumb or plummet, as the depth of water; hence, to
examine by test; to ascertain the depth, quality, dimension, etc.; to
sound; to fathom; to test.

    He did not attempt to plumb his intellect.


Ld. Lytton.

3. To seal with lead; as, to plumb a drainpipe.

4. To supply, as a building, with a system of plumbing.

Plumb"age (plm"j; 48), n. Leadwork [R.]

Plum*ba"gin (plm*b"jn), n. [L. plumbago leadwort, fr. plumbum lead; cf.
F. plombagin.] (Chem.) A crystalline substance said to be found in the
root of a certain plant of the Leadwort (Plumbago) family.

<! p. 1102 !>

Plum`ba*gin"e*ous (plm`b*jn"*s), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to natural order
(PlumbagineÊ) of gamopetalous herbs, of which Plumbago is the type. The
order includes also the marsh rosemary, the thrift, and a few other
genera.

Plum*bag"i*nous (?), a. Resembling plumbago; consisting of, or
containing, plumbago; as, a plumbaginous slate.

Plum*ba"go, n. [L., from plumbum lead.] 1. (Min.) Same as Graphite.

2. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants with pretty salver-shaped
corollas, usually blue or violet; leadwort.

{ Plum"be*an (?), Plum"be*ous (?), } a. [L. plumbeus, from plumbum the
metal lead.] 1. Consisting of, or resembling, lead. J. Ellis.

2. Dull; heavy; stupid. [R.] J. P. Smith.

Plumb"er (?), n. [F. plombier. See Plumb.] One who works in lead; esp.,
one who furnishes, fits, and repairs lead, iron, or glass pipes, and
other apparatus for the conveyance of water, gas, or drainage in
buildings.

Plumb"er block` (?). A pillow block.

Plumb"er*y (?), n. [F. plomberie.] 1. The business of a plumber. [Obs.]

2. A place where plumbing is carried on; lead works.

Plum"bic (?), a. [From Plumbum.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, resembling,
or containing, lead; -- used specifically to designate those compounds
in which it has a higher valence as contrasted with plumbous compounds;
as, plumbic oxide.

Plum*bif"er*ous (?), a. [Plumbum + -ferous.] Producing or containing
lead. Kirwan.

Plumb"ing (?), n. 1. The art of casting and working in lead, and
applying it to building purposes; especially, the business of
furnishing, fitting, and repairing pipes for conducting water, sewage,
etc. Gwilt.

2. The lead or iron pipes, and other apparatus, used in conveying
water, sewage, etc., in a building.

Plum"bism (?), n. [From Plumbum.] (Med.) A diseased condition, produced
by the absorption of lead, common among workers in this metal or in its
compounds, as among painters, typesetters, etc. It is characterized by
various symptoms, as lead colic, lead line, and wrist drop. See under
Colic, Lead, and Wrist.

Plum"bous (?), a. [From Plumbum.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or
containing, lead; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in
which it has a lower valence as contrasted with plumbic compounds.

||Plum"bum (?), n. [L.] (Chem.) The technical name of lead. See Lead.

Plume (?), n. [F., fr. L. pluma. Cf. Fly, v.]

1. A feather; esp., a soft, downy feather, or a long, conspicuous, or
handsome feather.

    Wings . . . of many a colored plume.


Milton.

2. (Zoˆl.) An ornamental tuft of feathers.

3. A feather, or group of feathers, worn as an ornament; a waving
ornament of hair, or other material resembling feathers.

    His high plume, that nodded o'er his head.


Dryden.

4. A token of honor or prowess; that on which one prides himself; a
prize or reward. "Ambitious to win from me some plume." Milton.

5. (Bot.) A large and flexible panicle of inflorescence resembling a
feather, such as is seen in certain large ornamental grasses.

Plume bird (Zoˆl.), any bird that yields ornamental plumes, especially
the species of Epimarchus from New Guinea, and some of the herons and
egrets, as the white heron of Florida (Ardea candidissima). -- Plume
grass. (Bot) (a) A kind of grass (Erianthus saccharoides) with the
spikelets arranged in great silky plumes, growing in swamps in the
Southern United States. (b) The still finer E. RavennÊ from the
Mediterranean region. The name is sometimes extended to the whole
genus. -- Plume moth (Zoˆl.), any one of numerous small, slender moths,
belonging to the family PterophoridÊ. Most of them have the wings
deeply divided into two or more plumelike lobes. Some species are
injurious to the grapevine. -- Plume nutmeg (Bot.), an aromatic
Australian tree (Atherosperma moschata), whose numerous carpels are
tipped with long plumose persistent styles.

Plume, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pluming.] [Cf.
F. plumer to pluck, to strip, L. plumare to cover with feathers.] 1. To
pick and adjust the plumes or feathers of; to dress or prink.

    Pluming her wings among the breezy bowers.


W. Irving.

2. To strip of feathers; to pluck; to strip; to pillage; also, to peel.
[Obs.] Bacon. Dryden.

3. To adorn with feathers or plumes. "Farewell the plumed troop." Shak.

4. To pride; to vaunt; to boast; -- used reflexively; as, he plumes
himself on his skill. South.

Plumed adder (Zoˆl.), an African viper (Vipera, or Clotho cornuta),
having a plumelike structure over each eye. It is venomous, and is
related to the African puff adder. Called also horned viper and
hornsman. -- Plumed partridge (Zoˆl.), the California mountain quail
(Oreortyx pictus). See Mountain quail, under Mountain.

Plume"less (?), a. Without plumes.

Plume"let (?), n. [Plume + - let.] A small plume.

    When rosy plumelets tuft the larch.


Tennyson.

Plum"er*y (?), n. Plumes, collectively or in general; plumage. [R.]
Southey.

Plu"mi*corn (?), n. [L. pluma feather + cornu horn.] (Zoˆl.) An ear
tuft of feathers, as in the horned owls.

Plu*mig"er*ous (?), a. [L. plumiger; pluma a feather + gerere to bear.]
Feathered; having feathers. Bailey

Plu*mil"i*form (?), a. [L. plumula, or plumella a little feather (dim.
of pluma feather) + -form.] Having the of a plume or feather. [R.]

Plu"mi*ped (?), a. [L. plumipes, -edis; pluma a feather + pes: cf. F.
plumipËde.] (Zoˆl.) Having feet covered with feathers. -- n. A plumiped
bird.

Plum"met (?), n. [OE. plommet, OF. plommet, fr. plom, plum, lead, F.
plomb. See Plumb.] 1. A piece of lead attached to a line, used in
sounding the depth of water.

    I'll sink him deeper than e'er plummet sounded.


Shak.

2. A plumb bob or a plumb line. See under Plumb, n.

3. Hence, any weight.

4. A piece of lead formerly used by school children to rule paper for
writing.

Plummet line, a line with a plummet; a sounding line.

Plum"ming (?), n. [See Plumb.] (Min.) The operation of finding, by
means of a mine dial, the place where to sink an air shaft, or to bring
an adit to the work, or to find which way the lode inclines.

Plum"my (?), a. [From Plum.] Of the nature of a plum; desirable;
profitable; advantageous. [Colloq.] "For the sake of getting something
plummy." G. Eliot.

{ Plu*mose" (?), Plu"mous (?), } a. [L. plumosus, fr. pluma feather:
cf. F. plumeux.]

1. Having feathers or plumes.

2. Having hairs, or other p·rts, arranged along an axis like a feather;
feathery; plumelike; as, a plumose leaf; plumose tentacles.

Plu"mo*site (?), n. (Min.) Same as Jamesonite.

Plu*mos"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being plumose.

Plump (plmp), a. [Compar. Plumper (-r); superl. Plumpest.] [OE. plomp
rude, clumsy; akin to D. plomp, G., Dan., & Sw. plump; probably of
imitative origin. Cf. Plump, adv.] Well rounded or filled out; full;
fleshy; fat; as, a plump baby; plump cheeks. Shak.

    The god of wine did his plump clusters bring.


T. Carew.

Plump, n. A knot; a cluster; a group; a crowd; a flock; as, a plump of
trees, fowls, or spears. [Obs.]

    To visit islands and the plumps of men.


Chapman.

Plump, v. i. [Cf. D. plompen, G. plumpen, Sw. plumpa, Dan. plumpe. See
Plump, a.] 1. To grow plump; to swell out; as, her cheeks have plumped.

2. To drop or fall suddenly or heavily, all at once."Dulcissa plumps
into a chair." Spectator.

3. To give a plumper. See Plumper, 2.

Plump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plumped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plumping.] 1.
To make plump; to fill (out) or support; -- often with up.

    To plump up the hollowness of their history with improbable
    miracles.


Fuller.

2. To cast or let drop all at once, suddenly and heavily; as, to plump
a stone into water.

3. To give (a vote), as a plumper. See Plumper, 2.

Plump, adv. [Cf. D. plomp, interj., G. plump, plumps. Cf. Plump, a. &
v.] Directly; suddenly; perpendicularly. "Fall plump." Beau. & Fl.

Plump"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, plumps or swells out
something else; hence, something carried in the mouth to distend the
cheeks.

2. (English Elections) A vote given to one candidate only, when two or
more are to be elected, thus giving him the advantage over the others.
A person who gives his vote thus is said to plump, or to plump his
vote.

3. A voter who plumps his vote. [Eng.]

4. A downright, unqualified lie. [Colloq. or Low]

Plump"ly, adv. Fully; roundly; plainly; without reserve. [Colloq.]

Plump"ness, n. The quality or state of being plump.

Plump"y (?), a. Plump; fat; sleek. "Plumpy Bacchus." Shak.

||Plu"mu*la (?), n.; pl. L. Plumule (#), E.-las (#). [L. See Plumule.]
||1. (Bot.) A plumule.

2. (Zoˆl.) A down feather.

Plu`mu*la"ceous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Downy; bearing down.

Plu"mu*lar (?), a. (Bot.) Relating to a plumule.

||Plu`mu*la"ri*a (?), n.; pl. L. PlumularlÊ (#), E. Plumularias (#).
||[NL.] (Zoˆl.) Any hydroid belonging to Plumularia and other genera of
||the family PlumularidÊ. They generally grow in plumelike forms.

Plu`mu*la"ri*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any Plumularia. Also used adjectively.

Plu"mule (?), n. [L. plumula, dim. of pluma a feather; cf. F. plumule.]
1. (Bot.) The first bud, or gemmule, of a young plant; the bud, or
growing point, of the embryo, above the cotyledons. See Illust. of
Radicle. Gray.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) A down feather. (b) The aftershaft of a feather. See
Illust. under Feather. (c) One of the featherlike scales of certain
male butterflies.

Plu"mu*lose" (?), a. Having hairs branching out laterally, like the
parts of a feather.

Plum"y (?), a. Covered or adorned with plumes, or as with plumes;
feathery. "His plumy crest." Addison. "The plumy trees." J. S. Blackie.

Plun"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plundered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Plundering.] [G. pl¸ndern to plunder, plunder frippery, baggage.] 1. To
take the goods of by force, or without right; to pillage; to spoil; to
sack; to strip; to rob; as, to plunder travelers.

    Nebuchadnezzar plunders the temple of God.


South.

2. To take by pillage; to appropriate forcibly; as, the enemy plundered
all the goods they found.

Syn. -- To pillage; despoil; sack; rifle; strip; rob.

Plun"der (?), n. 1. The act of plundering or pillaging; robbery. See
Syn. of Pillage.

    Inroads and plunders of the Saracens.


Sir T. North.

2. That which is taken by open force from an enemy; pillage; spoil;
booty; also, that which is taken by theft or fraud. "He shared in the
plunder." Cowper.

3. Personal property and effects; baggage or luggage. [Slang,
Southwestern U.S.]

Plun"der*age (?), n. (Mar. Law) The embezzlement of goods on shipboard.
Wharton.

Plun"der*er (?), n. One who plunders or pillages.

Plunge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plunged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plunging
(?).] [OE. ploungen, OF. plongier, F. plonger, fr. (assumed) LL.
plumbicare, fr. L. plumbum lead. See Plumb.] 1. To thrust into water,
or into any substance that is penetrable; to immerse; to cause to
penetrate or enter quickly and forcibly; to thrust; as, to plunge the
body into water; to plunge a dagger into the breast. Also used
figuratively; as, to plunge a nation into war. "To plunge the boy in
pleasing sleep." Dryden.

    Bound and plunged him into a cell.


Tennyson.

    We shall be plunged into perpetual errors.


I. Watts.

2. To baptize by immersion.

3. To entangle; to embarrass; to overcome. [Obs.]

    Plunged and graveled with three lines of Seneca.


Sir T. Browne.

Plunge, v. i. 1. To thrust or cast one's self into water or other
fluid; to submerge one's self; to dive, or to rush in; as, he plunged
into the river. Also used figuratively; as, to plunge into debt.

    Forced to plunge naked in the raging sea.


Dryden.

    To plunge into guilt of a murther.


Tillotson.

2. To pitch or throw one's self headlong or violently forward, as a
horse does.

    Some wild colt, which . . . flings and plunges.


Bp. Hall.

3. To bet heavily and with seeming recklessness on a race, or other
contest; in an extended sense, to risk large sums in hazardous
speculations. [Cant]

Plunging fire (Gun.), firing directed upon an enemy from an elevated
position.

Plunge, n. 1. The act of thrusting into or submerging; a dive, leap,
rush, or pitch into, or as into, water; as, to take the water with a
plunge.

2. Hence, a desperate hazard or act; a state of being submerged or
overwhelmed with difficulties. [R.]

    She was brought to that plunge, to conceal her husband's murder or
    accuse her son.


Sir P. Sidney.

    And with thou not reach out a friendly arm, To raise me from amidst
    this plunge of sorrows?


Addison.

3. The act of pitching or throwing one's self headlong or violently
forward, like an unruly horse.

4. Heavy and reckless betting in horse racing; hazardous speculation.
[Cant]

Plunge bath, an immersion by plunging; also, a large bath in which the
bather can wholly immerse himself. -- Plunge, or plunging, battery
(Elec.), a voltaic battery so arranged that the plates can be plunged
into, or withdrawn from, the exciting liquid at pleasure.

Plun"ger (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, plunges; a diver.

2. A long solid cylinder, used, instead of a piston or bucket, as a
forcer in pumps.

3. One who bets heavily and recklessly on a race; a reckless
speculator. [Cant]

4. (Pottery) A boiler in which clay is beaten by a wheel to a creamy
consistence. Knight.

5. (Gun.) The firing pin of a breechloader.

Plunger bucket, a piston, without a valve, in a pump. -- Plunger pole,
the pump rod of a pumping engine. -- Plunger pump, a pump, as for
water, having a plunger, instead of a piston, to act upon the water. It
may be single-acting or double-acting

Plun"ket (?), n. A kind of blue color; also, anciently, a kind of
cloth, generally blue.

Plu"per`fect (?), a. [L. plus more + perfectus perfect; cf. F.
plus-que-parfait, L. plusquamperfectum.] More than perfect; past
perfect; -- said of the tense which denotes that an action or event was
completed at or before the time of another past action or event. -- n.
The pluperfect tense; also, a verb in the pluperfect tense.

Plu"ral (?), a. [L. pluralis, from plus, pluris, more; cf. F. pluriel,
OF. plurel. See Plus.] Relating to, or containing, more than one;
designating two or more; as, a plural word.

    Plural faith, which is too much by one.


Shak.

Plural number (Gram.), the number which designates more than one. See
Number, n., 8.

Plu"ral, n. (Gram.) The plural number; that form of a word which
expresses or denotes more than one; a word in the plural form.

Plu"ral*ism (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being plural, or in the
plural number.

2. (Eccl.) The state of a pluralist; the holding of more than one
ecclesiastical living at a time. [Eng.]

Plu"ral*ist, n. (Eccl.) A clerk or clergyman who holds more than one
ecclesiastical benefice. [Eng.]

    Of the parochial clergy, a large proportion were pluralists.


Macaulay.

Plu*ral"i*ty (?), n.; pl. pluralities (#). [L. pluralitas: cf. F.
pluralitÈ.] 1. The state of being plural, or consisting of more than
one; a number consisting of two or more of the same kind; as, a
plurality of worlds; the plurality of a verb.

2. The greater number; a majority; also, the greatest of several
numbers; in elections, the excess of the votes given for one candidate
over those given for another, or for any other, candidate. When there
are more than two candidates, the one who receives the plurality of
votes may have less than a majority. See Majority.

    Take the plurality of the world, and they are neither wise nor
    good.


L'Estrange.

3. (Eccl.) See Plurality of benefices, below.

Plurality of benefices (Eccl.), the possession by one clergyman of more
than one benefice or living. Each benefice thus held is called a
plurality. [Eng.]

<! p. 1103 !>

Plu`ral*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of pluralizing. H. Spencer.

Plu"ral*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pluralized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pluralizing (?).] 1. To make plural by using the plural termination; to
attribute plurality to; to express in the plural form.

2. To multiply; to make manifold. [R.]

Plu"ral*ize, v. i. 1. To take a plural; to assume a plural form; as, a
noun pluralizes. Earle.

2. (Eccl.) To hold more than one benefice at the same time. [Eng.]

Plu"ral*i`zer (?), n. (Eccl.) A pluralist. [R.]

Plu"ral*ly, adv. In a plural manner or sense.

Plu"ri- (?). [See Plus.] A combining form from L. plus, pluris, more,
many; as pluriliteral.

||Plu"ri*es (?), n. [So called from L. pluries many times, often, which
||occurs in the first clause.] (Law) A writ issued in the third place,
||after two former writs have been disregarded. Mozley & W.

Plu`ri*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [L. plurifarius, fr. L. plus, pluris, many.
Cf. Bifarious.] Of many kinds or fashions; multifarious.

Plu`ri*fo"li*o*late (?), a. [Pluri-  + foliolate.] (Bot.) Having
several or many leaflets.

Plu`ri*lit"er*al (?), a. [Pluri- + literal.] Consisting of more letters
than three. - - n. A pluriliteral word.

Plu`ri*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Pluri- + locular.] Having several cells or
loculi; specifically (Bot.), having several divisions containing seeds;
as, the lemon and the orange are plurilocular fruits.

Plurilocular sporangia (Bot.), many- celled sporangia, each cell
containing a single spore, as in many algÊ.

Plu*rip"a*rous (?), a. [Pluri- + L. parere to bring forth.] Producing
several young at a birth; as, a pluriparous animal.

Plu`ri*par"tite (?), a. [Pluri- + partite.] (Bot.) Deeply divided into
several portions.

Plu`ri*pres"ence (?), n. [Pluri- + presence.] Presence in more places
than one. [R.] Johnson.

Plu"ri*sy (?), n. [L. plus, pluris, more.] Superabundance; excess;
plethora. [Obs.] Shak.

Plus (?), a. [L., more; akin to Gr. &?;, &?;, and E. full. See Full,
a., and cf. Pi˘, Pleonasm.]

1. (Math.) More, required to be added; positive, as distinguished from
negative; -- opposed to minus.

2. Hence, in a literary sense, additional; real; actual.

    Success goes invariably with a certain plus or positive power.


Emerson.

Plus sign (Math.), the sign (+) which denotes addition, or a positive
quantity.

Plush (?), n. [F. pluche, peluche (cf. It. peluzzo), fr. L. pilus hair.
See pile hair, and cf. Peruke.] A textile fabric with a nap or shag on
one side, longer and softer than the nap of velvet. Cowper.

Plush"y (?), a. Like plush; soft and shaggy. H. Kingsley.

Plu"tar*chy (?), n. [Gr. &?; wealth + -archy.] Plutocracy; the rule of
wealth. [R.]

Plu"te*al (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to a pluteus.

||Plu"te*us (?), n.; pl. L. Plutei (#), E. Pluteuses (#). [L., a shed.]
||(Zoˆl.) The free-swimming larva of sea urchins and ophiurans, having
||several long stiff processes inclosing calcareous rods.

Plu"to (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Class. Myth.) The son of Saturn and
Rhea, brother of Jupiter and Neptune; the dark and gloomy god of the
Lower World.

Pluto monkey (Zoˆl.), a long- tailed African monkey (Cercopithecus
pluto), having side whiskers. The general color is black, more or less
grizzled; the frontal band is white.

Plu*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; wealth + &?; to be strong, to rule,
fr.&?; strength: cf. F. plutocratie.] A form of government in which the
supreme power is lodged in the hands of the wealthy classes; government
by the rich; also, a controlling or influential class of rich men.

Plu"to*crat (?), n. One whose wealth gives him power or influence; one
of the plutocracy.

Plu`to*crat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to plutocracy; as, plutocratic
ideas. Bagehot.

Plu*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; wealth + -logy.] The science which treats
of wealth.

Plu*to"ni*an (?), a. [L. Plutonius, Gr. &?;: cf. F. plutonien.]
Plutonic. Poe.

Plu*to"ni*an (?), n. (Geol.) A Plutonist.

Plu*ton"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. plutonique. See Pluto.] 1. Of or pertaining
to Pluto; Plutonian; hence, pertaining to the interior of the earth;
subterranean.

2. Of, pertaining to, or designating, the system of the Plutonists;
igneous; as, the Plutonic theory.

Plutonic action (Geol.), the influence of volcanic heat and other
subterranean forces under pressure. -- Plutonic rocks (Geol.), granite,
porphyry, and some other igneous rocks, supposed to have consolidated
from a melted state at a great depth from the surface. Cf. Intrusive
rocks, under Intrusive. -- Plutonic theory. (Geol.) See Plutonism.

Plu"to*nism (?), n. [Cf. F. plutonisme.] The theory, early advanced in
geology, that the successive rocks of the earth\'b6s crust were formed
by igneous fusion; -- opposed to the Neptunian theory.

Plu"to*nist (?), n. [Cf. F. plutoniste.] One who adopts the geological
theory of igneous fusion; a Plutonian. See Plutonism.

Plu"tus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Class. Myth.) The son of Jason and
Ceres, and the god of wealth. He was represented as bearing a
cornucopia, and as blind, because his gifts were bestowed without
discrimination of merit.

Plu"vi*al, a. [L. pluvialis, fr. pluvia rain: cf. F. pluvial. See
Plover.] 1. Of or pertaining to rain; rainy. [R.]

2. (Geol.) Produced by the action of rain.

Plu"vi*al, n. [LL. pluviale a garment which keeps off the rain: cf. F.
pluvial.] A priest's cope.

Plu`vi*am"e*ter (?), n. See Pluviometer.

Plu`vi*a*met"ric*al (?), a. See Pluviometrical.

Plu"vi*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The crocodile bird.

Plu`vi*om"e*ter (?), n. [L. pluvia rain + -meter: cf. F. pluviomËtre.]
An instrument for ascertaining the amount of rainfall at any place in a
given time; a rain gauge.

Plu`vi*o*met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pluviomÈtrique.] Of or pertaining
to a pluviometer; determined by a pluviometer.

||Plu`vi`Ùse" (?), n. [F. See Pluvious.] The fifth month of the French
||republican calendar adopted in 1793. It began January 20, and ended
||February 18. See VendÈmiaire.

Plu"vi*ous (?), a. [L. pluviosus, pluvius, fr. pluvia rain: cf. F.
pluvieux. See Pluvial, a.] Abounding in rain; rainy; pluvial. Sir T.
Browne.

Ply (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plying (?).]
[OE. plien, F. plier to fold, to bend, fr. L. plicare; akin to Gr. &?;,
G. flechten. Cf. Apply, Complex, Display, Duplicity, Employ, Exploit,
Implicate, Plait, Pliant, Flax.] 1. To bend. [Obs.]

    As men may warm wax with handes plie.


Chaucer.

2. To lay on closely, or in folds; to work upon steadily, or with
repeated acts; to press upon; to urge importunately; as, to ply one
with questions, with solicitations, or with drink.

    And plies him with redoubled strokes


Dryden.

    He plies the duke at morning and at night.


Shak.

3. To employ diligently; to use steadily.

    Go ply thy needle; meddle not.


Shak.

4. To practice or perform with diligence; to work at.

    Their bloody task, unwearied, still they ply.


Waller.

Ply, v. i. 1. To bend; to yield. [Obs.]

    It would rather burst atwo than plye.


Chaucer.

    The willow plied, and gave way to the gust.


L'Estrange.

2. To act, go, or work diligently and steadily; especially, to do
something by repeated actions; to go back and forth; as, a steamer
plies between certain ports.

    Ere half these authors be read (which will soon be with plying hard
    and daily).


Milton.

    He was forced to ply in the streets as a porter.


Addison.

    The heavy hammers and mallets plied.


Longfellow.

3. (Naut.) To work to windward; to beat.

Ply, n. [Cf. F. pli, fr. plier. See Ply, v.] 1. A fold; a plait; a turn
or twist, as of a cord. Arbuthnot.

2. Bent; turn; direction; bias.

    The late learners can not so well take the ply.


Bacon.

    Boswell, and others of Goldsmith's contemporaries, . . . did not
    understand the secret plies of his character.


W. Irving.

    The czar's mind had taken a strange ply, which it retained to the
    last.


Macaulay.

Ply is used in composition to designate folds, or the number of webs
interwoven; as, a three-ply carpet.

Ply"er (?), n. One who, or that which, plies; specifically: (a) pl. A
kind of balance used in raising and letting down a drawbridge. It
consists of timbers joined in the form of a St. Andrew's cross. (b) pl.
See Pliers.

Plyght (?), v. & n. See Plight. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Plym"outh Breth"ren (?). The members of a religious sect which first
appeared at Plymouth, England, about 1830. They protest against
sectarianism, and reject all official ministry or clergy. Also called
Brethren, Christian Brethren, Plymouthists, etc. The Darbyites are a
division of the Brethren.

Pne*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; to breathe + -meter.] (Physiol.) A
spirometer.

{ Pneu*mat"ic (?), Pneu*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [L. pneumaticus, Gr. &?;,
fr. &?;, &?;, wind, air, &?; to blow, breathe; cf. OHG. fnehan: cf. F.
pneumatique. Cf. Pneumonia.] 1. Consisting of, or resembling, air;
having the properties of an elastic fluid; gaseous; opposed to dense or
solid.

    The pneumatical substance being, in some bodies, the native spirit
    of the body.


Bacon.

2. Of or pertaining to air, or to elastic fluids or their properties;
pertaining to pneumatics; as, pneumatic experiments. "Pneumatical
discoveries." Stewart.

3. Moved or worked by pressure or flow of air; as, a pneumatic
instrument; a pneumatic engine.

4. (Biol.) Fitted to contain air; Having cavities filled with air; as,
pneumatic cells; pneumatic bones.

Pneumatic action, or Pneumatic lever (Mus.), a contrivance for
overcoming the resistance of the keys and other movable parts in an
organ, by causing compressed air from the wind chest to move them. --
Pneumatic dispatch, a system of tubes, leading to various points,
through which letters, packages, etc., are sent, by the flow and
pressure of air. -- Pneumatic elevator, a hoisting machine worked by
compressed air. -- Pneumatic pile, a tubular pile or cylinder of large
diameter sunk by atmospheric pressure. -- Pneumatic pump, an
air-exhausting or forcing pump. -- Pneumatic railway. See Atmospheric
railway, under Atmospheric. -- Pneumatic syringe, a stout tube closed
at one end, and provided with a piston, for showing that the heat
produced by compressing a gas will ignite substances. -- Pneumatic
trough, a trough, generally made of wood or sheet metal, having a
perforated shelf, and used, when filled with water or mercury, for
collecting gases in chemical operations. -- Pneumatic tube. See
Pneumatic dispatch, above.

Pneu`ma*tic"i*ty (?), n. (Biol.) The state of being pneumatic, or of
having a cavity or cavities filled with air; as, the pneumaticity of
the bones of birds.

Pneu*mat"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. pneumatique.]

1. That branch of science which treats of the mechanical properties of
air and other elastic fluids, as of their weight, pressure, elasticity,
etc. See Mechanics.

2. (Philos. & Theol.) The scientific study or knowledge of spiritual
beings and their relations to God, angels, and men.

Pneu"ma*to- (n"m*t- or n*mt"-). A combining form from Gr. pney^ma,
pney`matos, wind, air, breath, respiration; as, pneumatograph,
pneumatology. [1913 Webster]

Pneu*mat"o*cele (?), n. [Pneumato-  + Gr. &?; a tumor; cf. F.
pneumatocËle.] (Med.) A distention of the scrotum by air; also, hernia
of the lungs.

Pneu*mat"o*cyst (?), n. [Pneumato-  + cyst.] (Zoˆl.) A cyst or sac of a
siphonophore, containing air, and serving as a float, as in Physalia.

Pneu*mat"o*garm (?), n. [Pneumato-  + -gram.] (Physiol.) A tracing of
the respiratory movements, obtained by a pneumatograph or stethograph.

Pneu*mat"o*graph (?), n. [Pneumato-  + -graph.] (Physiol.) An
instrument for recording the movements of the thorax or chest wall
during respiration; -- also called stethograph.

Pneu`ma*to*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pneumatologique.] Of or pertaining
to pneumatology.

Pneu`ma*tol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. pneumatologiste.] One versed in
pneumatology.

Pneu`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Pneumato-  + -logy: cf. F. pneumatologie.] 1.
The doctrine of, or a treatise on, air and other elastic fluids. See
Pneumatics, 1.

2. (Philos. & Theol.) The science of spiritual being or phenomena of
any description.

Pneu`ma*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Pneumato-  + -meter.] (Physiol.) An
instrument for measuring the amount of force exerted by the lungs in
respiration.

Pneu`ma*tom"e*try (?), n. See Spirometry.

Pneu*mat"o*phore (?), n. [Pneumato-  + Gr. &?; to bear.] (Zoˆl.) One of
the Pneumonophora.

Pneu`ma*to*tho"rax (?), n. [Pneumato-  + thorax.] (Med.) See
Pneumothorax.

Pneu"mo- (?). A combining form from Gr. pney`mwn, pney`monos, a lung;
as, pneumogastric, pneumology.

Pneu`mo*coc"cus (?), n. [See Pneumo- , and Coccus.] (Biol.) A form of
micrococcus found in the sputum (and elsewhere) of persons suffering
with pneumonia, and thought to be the cause of this disease.

Pneu`mo*gas"tric (?), a. [Pneumo- + gastric.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining
to the lungs and the stomach. -- n. The pneumogastric nerve.

Pneumogastric nerve (Anat.), one of the tenth pair of cranial nerves
which are distributed to the pharynx, esophagus, larynx, lungs, heart,
stomach, liver, and spleen, and, in fishes and many amphibia, to the
branchial apparatus and also to the sides of the body.

Pneu"mo*graph (?), n. Same as Pneumatograph.

Pneu*mog"ra*phy (?), n. [Pneumo- + -graphy.] A description of the
lungs. Dunglison.

Pneu*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Pneumo- + -logy.] (Anat.) The science which
treats of the lungs.

Pneu*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Pneumo- + -meter.] (Physiol.) A spirometer.

Pneu*mom"e*try (?), n. Measurement of the capacity of the lungs for
air. Dunglison.

Pneu*mo"ni*a (n*m"n*), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pneymoni`a, fr. pney`mwn, pl.
pney`mones the lungs, also, pley`mwn, which is perh. the original form.
Cf. Pneumatio, Pulmonary.] (Med.) Inflammation of the lungs.

Catarrhal pneumonia, or Broncho- pneumonia, is inflammation of the lung
tissue, associated with catarrh and with marked evidences of
inflammation of bronchial membranes, often chronic; -- also called
lobular pneumonia, from its affecting single lobules at a time. --
Croupous pneumonia, or ordinary pneumonia, is an acute affection
characterized by sudden onset with a chill, high fever, rapid course,
and sudden decline; -- also called lobar pneumonia, from its affecting
a whole lobe of the lung at once. See under Croupous. -- Fibroid
pneumonia is an inflammation of the interstitial connective tissue
lying between the lobules of the lungs, and is very slow in its course,
producing shrinking and atrophy of the lungs.

Pneu*mon"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. pneumonique.] (a) Of or pertaining
to the lungs; pulmonic. (b) Of or pertaining to pneumonia; as,
pneumonic symptoms.

Pneu*mon"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine for affections of the lungs.

Pneu`mo*nit"ic (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to pneumonitis.

||Pneu`mo*ni"tis (?), n. [NL. See Pneumo-, and -itis.] (Med.)
||Inflammation of the lungs; pneumonia.

<! p. 1104 !>

Pneu`mo*nom"e*ter (?), n. [See Pneumo-, and -meter.] (Physiol.) A
spirometer; a pneumometer.

||Pneu`mo*noph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a lung + &?; to
||bear.] (Zoˆl.) The division of Siphonophora which includes the
||Physalia and allied genera; -- called also PneumatophorÊ.

Pneu"mo*ny (?), n. [Cf. F. pneumonie.] See Pneumonia.

||Pneu`mo*ˆt"o*ka (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pneumo-, and Oˆticoid.] (Zoˆl.)
||Same as Sauropsida.

||Pneu*moph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pneumonophora.] (Zoˆl.) (Zoˆl.) A
||division of holothurians having an internal gill, or respiratory
||tree.

Pneu`mo*skel"e*ton (?), n. [Pneumo-  + skeleton.] (Zoˆl.) A chitinous
structure which supports the gill in some invertebrates.

Pneu`mo*ther"a*py (?), n. [Gr. &?; air + therapy.] (Med.) The treatment
of disease by inhalations of compressed or rarefied air.

Pneu`mo*tho"rax (?), n. [Gr. &?; air + E. thorax.] (Med.) A condition
in which air or other gas is present in the cavity of the chest; --
called also pneumatothorax.

||Pni*ga"li*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; nightmare, fr. &?; to
||throttle.] (Med.) Nightmare.

Pnyx (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.) The place at Athens where
the meetings of the people were held for making decrees, etc.

Po"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; grass.] (Bot.) A genus of grasses,
including a great number of species, as the kinds called meadow grass,
Kentucky blue grass, June grass, and spear grass (which see).

Poach (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poaching.]
[F. pocher to place in a pocket, to poach eggs (the yolk of the egg
being as it were pouched in the white), from poche pocket, pouch. See
Pouch, v. & n.] 1. To cook, as eggs, by breaking them into boiling
water; also, to cook with butter after breaking in a vessel. Bacon.

2. To rob of game; to pocket and convey away by stealth, as game;
hence, to plunder. Garth.

Poach, v. i. To steal or pocket game, or to carry it away privately, as
in a bag; to kill or destroy game contrary to law, especially by night;
to hunt or fish unlawfully; as, to poach for rabbits or for salmon.

Poach, v. t. [Cf. OF. pocher to thrust or dig out with the fingers, to
bruise (the eyes), F. pouce thumb, L. pollex, and also E. poach to cook
eggs, to plunder, and poke to thrust against.] 1. To stab; to pierce;
to spear, \as fish. [Obs.] Carew.

2. To force, drive, or plunge into anything. [Obs.]

    His horse poching one of his legs into some hollow ground.


Sir W. Temple.

3. To make soft or muddy by trampling Tennyson.

4. To begin and not complete. [Obs.] Bacon.

Poach, v. i. To become soft or muddy.

    Chalky and clay lands . . . chap in summer, and poach in winter.


Mortimer.

Poach"ard (?), n. [From Poach to stab.] [Written also pocard, pochard.]
(Zoˆl.) (a) A common European duck (Aythya ferina); -- called also
goldhead, poker, and fresh-water, or red-headed, widgeon. (b) The
American redhead, which is closely allied to the European poachard.

Red-crested poachard (Zoˆl.), an Old World duck (Branta rufina). --
Scaup poachard, the scaup duck. -- Tufted poachard, a scaup duck
(Aythya, or Fuligula cristata), native of Europe and Asia.

Poach"er (?), n. 1. One who poaches; one who kills or catches game or
fish contrary to law.

2. (Zoˆl.) The American widgeon. [Local, U.S.]

Sea poacher (Zoˆl.), the lyrie.

Poach"i*ness (?), n. The state of being poachy; marshiness.

Poach"y (?), a. [See Poach to stab.] Wet and soft; easily penetrated by
the feet of cattle; -- said of land

{ Poak, Poake } (?), n. Waste matter from the preparation of skins,
consisting of hair, lime, oil, etc.

Po"can (?), n. (Bot.) The poke (Phytolacca decandra); -- called also
pocan bush.

Po"chard (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Poachard.

Pock (?), n. [OE. pokke, AS. pocc, poc; akin to D. pok, G. pocke, and
perh. to E. poke a pocket. Cf. Pox.] (Med.) A pustule raised on the
surface of the body in variolous and vaccine diseases.

    Of pokkes and of scab every sore.


Chaucer.

Pock"arred (?), a. See Pockmarked. [Obs.]

Pock"-bro`ken (?), a. Broken out, or marked, with smallpox;
pock-fretten.

Pock"et (?), n. [OE. poket, Prov. F. & OF. poquette, F. pochette, dim.
fr. poque, pouque, F. poche; probably of Teutonic origin. See Poke a
pocket, and cf. Poach to cook eggs, to plunder, and Pouch.] 1. A bag or
pouch; especially; a small bag inserted in a garment for carrying small
articles, particularly money; hence, figuratively, money; wealth.

2. One of several bags attached to a billiard table, into which the
balls are driven.

3. A large bag or sack used in packing various articles, as ginger,
hops, cowries, etc.

In the wool or hop trade, the pocket contains half a sack, or about 168
Ibs.; but it is a variable quantity, the articles being sold by actual
weight.

4. (Arch.) A hole or space covered by a movable piece of board, as in a
floor, boxing, partitions, or the like.

5. (Mining.) (a) A cavity in a rock containing a nugget of gold, or
other mineral; a small body of ore contained in such a cavity. (b) A
hole containing water.

6. (Nat.) A strip of canvas, sewn upon a sail so that a batten or a
light spar can placed in the interspace.

7. (Zoˆl.) Same as Pouch.

Pocket is often used adjectively, or in the formation of compound words
usually of obvious signification; as, pocket comb, pocket compass,
pocket edition, pocket handkerchief, pocket money, pocket picking, or
pocket-picking, etc.

Out of pocket. See under Out, prep. -- Pocket borough, a borough
"owned" by some person. See under Borough. [Eng.] -- Pocket gopher
(Zoˆl.), any one of several species of American rodents of the genera
Geomys, and Thomomys, family GeomydÊ. They have large external cheek
pouches, and are fossorial in their habits. they inhabit North America,
from the Mississippi Valley west to the Pacific. Called also pouched
gopher. -- Pocket mouse (Zoˆl.), any species of American mice of the
family SaccomyidÊ. They have external cheek pouches. Some of them are
adapted for leaping (genus Dipadomys), and are called kangaroo mice.
They are native of the Southwestern United States, Mexico, etc. --
Pocket piece, a piece of money kept in the pocket and not spent. --
Pocket pistol, a pistol to be carried in the pocket. -- Pocket sheriff
(Eng. Law), a sheriff appointed by the sole authority of the crown,
without a nomination by the judges in the exchequer. Burrill.

Pock"et (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pocketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pocketing.]
1. To put, or conceal, in the pocket; as, to pocket the change.

    He would pocket the expense of the license.


Sterne.

2. To take clandestinely or fraudulently.

    He pocketed pay in the names of men who had long been dead.


Macaulay.

To pocket a ball (Billiards), to drive a ball into a pocket of the
table. -- To pocket an insult, affront, etc., to receive an affront
without open resentment, or without seeking redress. "I must pocket up
these wrongs." Shak.

Pock"et*book` (?), n. A small book or case for carrying papers, money,
etc., in the pocket; also, a notebook for the pocket.

Pock"et*ful (?), n.; pl. Pocketfuls (&?;). As much as a pocket will
hold; enough to fill a pocket; as, pocketfuls of chestnuts.

Pock"et*knife` (?), n.; pl. -knives (&?;). A knife with one or more
blades, which fold into the handle so as to admit of being carried in
the pocket.

Pock"-fret`ten (?), a. See Pockmarked.

Pock"i*ness (?), n. The state of being pocky.

Pock"mark (?), n. A mark or pit made by smallpox.

Pock"marked` (?), a. Marked by smallpox; pitted.

Pock"-pit`ted (?), a. Pockmarked; pitted.

Pock"-pud`ding (?), n. A bag pudding; a name of reproach or ridicule
formerly applied by the Scotch to the English.

Pock"wood` (?), n. [So called because formerly used as a specific for
the pock.] (Bot.) Lignum- vitÊ.

Pock"y (?), a. [Compar. Pockier (?); superl. Pockiest.] Full of pocks;
affected with smallpox or other eruptive disease. Bp. Hall.

||Po"co (?), adv. [It.] (Mus.) A little; -- used chiefly in phrases
||indicating the time or movement; as, poco pi˘ allegro, a little
||faster; poco largo, rather slow.

||Poco a poco [It.] (Mus.) Little by little; as, poco a poco crescendo,
||gradually increasing in loudness.

Po"cock (?), n. Peacock. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Po`co*cu*ran"te (?), n. [It. poco curante caring little.] A careless
person; a trifler. [R.]

Po`co*cu*ran"tism (?). n. Carelessness; apathy; indifference. [R.]
Carlyle.

Po*co"son (?), n. Low, wooded grounds or swamps in Eastern Maryland and
Virginia. [Written also poquoson.] Washington.

Poc"u*lent (?), a. [L. poculentus, fr. poculum a cup.] Fit for drink.
[Obs.] "Some those herbs which are not esculent, are . . . poculent."
Bacon.

Poc"u*li*form (?), a. [L. poculum a cup + -form: cf. F. poculiforme.]
Having the shape of a goblet or drinking cup.

-pod (?). [See Foot.] A combining form or suffix from Gr. poy`s,
podo`s, foot; as, decapod, an animal having ten feet; phyllopod, an
animal having leaflike feet; myriapod, hexapod.

Pod (?), n. [Probably akin to pudding, and perhaps the same word as pad
a cushion; cf. also Dan. pude pillow, cushion, and also E. cod a husk,
pod.] 1. A bag; a pouch. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser.

2. (Bot.) A capsule of plant, especially a legume; a dry dehiscent
fruit. See Illust. of Angiospermous.

3. (Zoˆl.) A considerable number of animals closely clustered together;
-- said of seals.

Pod auger, or pod bit, an auger or bit the channel of which is straight
instead of twisted.

Pod, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Podded; p. pr. & vb. n. Podding.] To swell; to
fill; also, to produce pods.

-po*da (?). A New Latin plural combining form or suffix from Gr. &?;,
&?;, foot; as, hexapoda, myriapoda. See -pod.

Pod"a*gra (?), n. [L. See Podagric.] (Med.) Gout in the joints of the
foot; - - applied also to gout in other parts of body.

{ Po*dag"ric (?), Po*dag"ric*al (?), } a. [L. podagricus, Gr. &?;, fr.
&?; gout in the feet; &?;, &?;, Foot + &?; a catching.]

1. Pertaining to the gout; gouty; caused by gout.

2. Afflicted with gout. Sir T. Browne.

Pod"a*grous (?), a. Gouty; podagric.

Po*dal"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, foot + &?; pain.] (Med.)
pain in the foot, due to gout, rheumatism, etc.

||Po*dar"thrum (?), n.; pl. Podarthra (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, foot
||+ &?; joint.] (Anat.) The foot joint; in birds, the joint between the
||metatarsus and the toes.

Pod"ded (?), a. Having pods.

Pod"der (?), n. One who collects pods or pulse.

Po*des"ta (?), n. [It. podest‡, fr. L. potestas power, magistracy. See
Potent.]

1. One of the chief magistrates of the Italian republics in the Middle
Ages. Brande & C.

2. A mayor, alderman, or other magistrate, in some towns of Italy.

||Po*de"ti*um (?), n.; pl. Podetia (#), E. Podetiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
||&?;, &?;, foot.] (Bot.) A stalk which bears the fructification in
||some lichens, as in the so-called reindeer moss.

Podge (?), n. [Cf. G. patsche puddle, mire.] 1. A puddle; a plash.
Skinner.

2. Porridge. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Podg"y (?), a. Fat and short; pudgy.

Pod"i*cal (?), a. [L. podex, podicis, the anus.] (Zoˆl.) Anal; --
applied to certain organs of insects.

||Pod"i*ceps (?), n. [NL., fr. L. podex, podicis, anus + pes foot.]
||(Zoˆl.) See Grebe.

||Po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Podia (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. of &?;, &?;,
||foot. See Pew.] 1. (Arch.) A low wall, serving as a foundation, a
||substructure, or a terrace wall. It is especially employed by
||archÊologists in two senses: (a) The dwarf wall surrounding the arena
||of an amphitheater, from the top of which the seats began. (b) The
||masonry under the stylobate of a temple, sometimes a mere foundation,
||sometimes containing chambers. See Illust. of Column.

2. (Zoˆl.) The foot.

Pod"ley (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A young coalfish.

Pod"o- (?). [See Foot.] A combining form or prefix from Gr. poy`s,
podo`s, foot; as, podocarp, podocephalous, podology.

Pod"o*branch (?), n. [See Podo-, and Branchia.] (Zoˆl.) One of the
branchiÊ attached to the bases of the legs in Crustacea.

||Pod`o*bran"chi*a (?), n., pl. PodobranchiÊ (-). [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as
||Podobranch.

Pod"o*carp (?), n. [Podo- + Gr. karpo`s fruit.] (Bot.) A stem, or
footstalk, supporting the fruit.

Pod`o*ceph"a*lous (?), a. [Podo- + Gr. &?; head.] (Bot.) Having a head
of flowers on a long peduncle, or footstalk.

||Pod`o*gyn"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot + gynh`
||woman.] (Bot.) Same as Basigynium

||Pod`oph*thal"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Podophthalmic.] (Zoˆl.) The
||stalk-eyed Crustacea, -- an order of Crustacea having the eyes
||supported on movable stalks. It includes the crabs, lobsters, and
||prawns. Called also Podophthalmata, and Decapoda.

{ Pod`oph*thal"mic (?), Pod`oph*thal"mous (?), } a. [Podo- + Gr. &?; an
eye.] (Zoˆl.) (a) Having the eyes on movable footstalks, or pedicels.
(b) Of or pertaining to the Podophthalmia.

Pod`oph*thal"mite (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The eyestalk of a crustacean.

Pod`o*phyl"lin (?), n. [From Podophyllum.] (Chem.) A brown bitter gum
extracted from the rootstalk of the May apple (Podophyllum peltatum).
It is a complex mixture of several substances.

Pod`o*phyl"lous (?), a. 1. (Zoˆl.) Having thin, flat, leaflike
locomotive organs.

2. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or composing, the layer of tissue, made up of
laminÊ, beneath a horse's hoof.

||Pod`o*phyl"lum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot + &?; leaf.]
||1. (Bot.) A genus of herbs of the Barberry family, having large
||palmately lobed peltate leaves and solitary flower. There are two
||species, the American Podohyllum peltatum, or May apple, the
||Himalayan P. Emodi.

2. (Med.) The rhizome and rootlet of the May apple (Podophyllum
peltatum), -- used as a cathartic drug.

Pod"o*scaph (?), n. [Podo- + Gr. &?; boat.] A canoe-shaped float
attached to the foot, for walking on water.

Pod"o*sperm (?), n. [Podo- + Gr. &?; seed: cf. F. podosperme.] (Bot.)
The stalk of a seed or ovule.

||Pod`o*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot + &?;,
||&?;, mouth.] (Zoˆl.) An order of Bryozoa of which Rhabdopleura is the
||type. See Rhabdopleura.

||Pod`o*the"ca (?), n.; pl. PodothecÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s,
||foot + &?; case.] (Zoˆl.) The scaly covering of the foot of a bird or
||reptile.

||Po*dri"da (?), n. [Sp., rotten.] A miscellaneous dish of meats. See
||Olla-podrida.

Po*du"ra (?), n.; pl. L. PodurÊ (#), E. Poduras (#). [NL.; Gr. poy`s,
podo`s, foot + &?; tail.] Any small leaping thysanurous insect of the
genus Podura and related genera; a springtail.

Podura scale (Zoˆl.), one of the minute scales with which the body of a
podura is covered. They are used as test objects for the microscope.

<! p. 1105 !>

Po*du"rid (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any species of Podura or allied genera. -- a.
Pertaining to the poduras.

Po"e (?), n. Same as Poi.

Po"e*bird` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The parson bird.

Pú"ci*le (?), n. Same as Poicile.

Pú`ci*lit"ic (?), a. [Gr. poiki`los many-colored, variegated.] (Geol.)
(a) Mottled with various colors; variegated; spotted; -- said of
certain rocks. (b) Specifically: Of or pertaining to, or
characterizing, Triassic and Permian sandstones of red and other
colors. [Also written poikilitic.]

Pú*cil"o*pod (?), n. [Cf. F. púcilopode.] (Zoˆl.) One of the
Púcilopoda. Also used adjectively.

||Pú`ci*lop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; variegated, manifold +
||-poda.] (Zoˆl.) (a) Originally, an artificial group including many
||parasitic Entomostraca, together with the horseshoe crabs
||(Limuloidea). (b) By some recent writers applied to the Merostomata.

Po"em (?), n. [L. poÎma, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to make, to compose, to
write, especially in verse: cf. F. poÎme.] 1. A metrical composition; a
composition in verse written in certain measures, whether in blank
verse or in rhyme, and characterized by imagination and poetic diction;
-- contradistinguished from prose; as, the poems of Homer or of Milton.

2. A composition, not in verse, of which the language is highly
imaginative or impassioned; as, a prose poem; the poems of Ossian.

Po`em*at"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;.] Pertaining to a poem, or to poetry;
poetical. [R.] Coleridge.

Po*e"na*mu (?), n. (Min.) A variety of jade or nephrite, -- used in New
Zealand for the manufacture of axes and weapons.

Pú*nol"o*gy (p*nl"*j), n. See Penology.

||Po*eph"a*ga (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. pohfa`gos grass eating; po`a
||grass + fagei^n to eat.] (Zoˆl.) A group of herbivorous marsupials
||including the kangaroos and their allies. -- Po*eph"a*gous (#), a.

Po"e*sy (?), n. [F. poÈsie (cf. It. poesia), L. poesis, from Gr. &?;.
from &?; to make. Cf. Posy.]

1. The art of composing poems; poetical skill or faculty; as, the
heavenly gift of poesy. Shak.

2. Poetry; metrical composition; poems.

    Music and poesy used to quicken you.


Shak.

3. A short conceit or motto engraved on a ring or other thing; a posy.
Bacon.

Po"et (?), n. [F. poÎte, L. poÎta, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to make. Cf.
Poem.] One skilled in making poetry; one who has a particular genius
for metrical composition; the author of a poem; an imaginative thinker
or writer.

    The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven
    to earth, from earth to heaven.


Shak.

    A poet is a maker, as the word signifies.


Dryden.

Poet laureate. See under Laureate.

Po"et*as`ter (?), n. An inferior rhymer, or writer of verses; a dabbler
in poetic art.

    The talk of forgotten poetasters.


Macaulay.

Po"et*as`try (?), n. The works of a poetaster. [R.]

Po"et*ess, n. [Cf. F. poÈtesse.] A female poet.

{ Po*et"ic (?), Po*et"ic*al (?), } a. [L. poÎticus, Gr. &?;: cf. F.
poÈtiquee.] 1. Of or pertaining to poetry; suitable for poetry, or for
writing poetry; as, poetic talent, theme, work, sentiments. Shak.

2. Expressed in metrical form; exhibiting the imaginative or the
rhythmical quality of poetry; as, a poetical composition; poetical
prose.

Poetic license. See License, n., 4.

Po*et"ic*al*ly, adv. In a poetic manner.

Po*et"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. poÈtique, L. poÎtica, poÎtice, Gr. &?; (sc.
&?;.] The principles and rules of the art of poetry. J. Warton.

Po*et"i*cule (?), n. A poetaster. Swinburne.

Po"et*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Poetized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Poetizing.] [Cf. F. poÈtiser.] To write as a poet; to compose verse; to
idealize.

    I versify the truth, not poetize.


Donne.

Po"et*ry (?), n. [OF. poeterie. See Poet.] 1. The art of apprehending
and interpreting ideas by the faculty of imagination; the art of
idealizing in thought and in expression.

    For poetry is the blossom and the fragrance of all human knowledge,
    human thoughts, human passions, emotions, language.


Coleridge.

2. Imaginative language or composition, whether expressed rhythmically
or in prose. Specifically: Metrical composition; verse; rhyme; poems
collectively; as, heroic poetry; dramatic poetry; lyric or Pindaric
poetry. "The planetlike music of poetry." Sir P. Sidney.

    She taketh most delight In music, instruments, and poetry.


Shak.

Po"et*ship, n. The state or personality of a poet. [R.]

Pog"gy (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) See Porgy. (b) A small whale.

Po"gy (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The menhaden.

Pogy is often confounded with porgy, and therefore incorrectly applied
to various fishes.

Poh (?), interj. An exclamation expressing contempt or disgust; bah !

Po*ha"gen, n. (Zoˆl.) See Pauhaugen.

Po"i (?), n. A national food of the Hawaiians, made by baking and
pounding the kalo (or taro) root, and reducing it to a thin paste,
which is allowed to ferment.

{ Poi"ci*le (?), or Pú"ci*le (?) }, n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (sc. &?;); cf.
L. poecile.] The frescoed porch or gallery in Athens where Zeno taught.
R. Browning.

Poign"an*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being poignant; as, the
poignancy of satire; the poignancy of grief. Swift.

Poign"ant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of poindre to sting, fr. L. pungere to
prick, sting. See Pungent.] 1. Pricking; piercing; sharp; pungent. "His
poignant spear." Spenser. "Poynaunt sauce." Chaucer.

2. Fig.: Pointed; keen; satirical.

    His wit . . . became more lively and poignant.


Sir W. Scott.

Poign"ant*ly, adv. In a poignant manner.

Poi`ki*lit"ic (?), a. (Geol.) See Púcilitic.

Poi"ki*lo*cyte (poi"k*l*st), n. [Gr. poiki`los diversified, changeable
+ ky`tos hollow vessel.] (Physiol.) An irregular form of corpuscle
found in the blood in cases of profound anÊmia, probably a degenerated
red blood corpuscle.

{ Poi`ki*lo*ther"mal (-thr"mal), Poi`ki*lo*ther"mic (-thr"mk), } a.
[Gr. poiki`los changeable + E. thermal, thermic.] (Physiol.) Having a
varying body temperature. See Homoiothermal.

Poi`ki*lo*ther"mous (-ms), a. (Physiol.) Poikilothermal.

||Poin`ci*a"na (?), n. [NL. Named after M. de Poinci, a governor of the
||French West Indies.] (Bot.) A prickly tropical shrub (CÊsalpinia,
||formerly Poinciana, pulcherrima), with bipinnate leaves, and racemes
||of showy orange-red flowers with long crimson filaments.

The genus Poinciana is kept up for three trees of Eastern Africa, the
Mascarene Islands, and India.

Poind (poind), v. t. [See Pound to confine.] 1. To impound, as cattle.
[Obs. or Scot.] Flavel.

2. To distrain. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

Poind"er (-r), n. 1. The keeper of a cattle pound; a pinder. [Obs. or
Scot.] T. Adams.

2. One who distrains property. [Scot.] Jamieson.

||Poin*set"ti*a (poin*st"t*), n. [NL. Named after Joel R. Poinsett of
||South Carolina.] (Bot.) A Mexican shrub (Euphorbia pulcherrima) with
||very large and conspicuous vermilion bracts below the yellowish
||flowers.

Point (point), v. t. & i. To appoint. [Obs.] Spenser.

Point, n. [F. point, and probably also pointe, L. punctum, puncta, fr.
pungere, punctum, to prick. See Pungent, and cf. Puncto, Puncture.] 1.
That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the sharp
end of a piercing instrument, as a needle or a pin.

2. An instrument which pricks or pierces, as a sort of needle used by
engravers, etchers, lace workers, and others; also, a pointed cutting
tool, as a stone cutter's point; -- called also pointer.

3. Anything which tapers to a sharp, well- defined termination.
Specifically: A small promontory or cape; a tract of land extending
into the water beyond the common shore line.

4. The mark made by the end of a sharp, piercing instrument, as a
needle; a prick.

5. An indefinitely small space; a mere spot indicated or supposed.
Specifically: (Geom.) That which has neither parts nor magnitude; that
which has position, but has neither length, breadth, nor thickness, --
sometimes conceived of as the limit of a line; that by the motion of
which a line is conceived to be produced.

6. An indivisible portion of time; a moment; an instant; hence, the
verge.

    When time's first point begun Made he all souls.


Sir J. Davies.

7. A mark of punctuation; a character used to mark the divisions of a
composition, or the pauses to be observed in reading, or to point off
groups of figures, etc.; a stop, as a comma, a semicolon, and esp. a
period; hence, figuratively, an end, or conclusion.

    And there a point, for ended is my tale.


Chaucer.

    Commas and points they set exactly right.


Pope.

8. Whatever serves to mark progress, rank, or relative position, or to
indicate a transition from one state or position to another, degree;
step; stage; hence, position or condition attained; as, a point of
elevation, or of depression; the stock fell off five points; he won by
tenpoints. "A point of precedence." Selden. "Creeping on from point to
point." Tennyson.

    A lord full fat and in good point.


Chaucer.

9. That which arrests attention, or indicates qualities or character; a
salient feature; a characteristic; a peculiarity; hence, a particular;
an item; a detail; as, the good or bad points of a man, a horse, a
book, a story, etc.

    He told him, point for point, in short and plain.


Chaucer.

    In point of religion and in point of honor.


Bacon.

    Shalt thou dispute With Him the points of liberty ?


Milton.

10. Hence, the most prominent or important feature, as of an argument,
discourse, etc.; the essential matter; esp., the proposition to be
established; as, the point of an anecdote. "Here lies the point." Shak.

    They will hardly prove his point.


Arbuthnot.

11. A small matter; a trifle; a least consideration; a punctilio.

    This fellow doth not stand upon points.


Shak.

    [He] cared not for God or man a point.


Spenser.

12. (Mus.) A dot or mark used to designate certain tones or time; as:
(a) (Anc. Mus.) A dot or mark distinguishing or characterizing certain
tones or styles; as, points of perfection, of augmentation, etc.;
hence, a note; a tune. "Sound the trumpet - - not a levant, or a
flourish, but a point of war." Sir W. Scott. (b) (Mod. Mus.) A dot
placed at the right hand of a note, to raise its value, or prolong its
time, by one half, as to make a whole note equal to three half notes, a
half note equal to three quarter notes.

13. (Astron.) A fixed conventional place for reference, or zero of
reckoning, in the heavens, usually the intersection of two or more
great circles of the sphere, and named specifically in each case
according to the position intended; as, the equinoctial points; the
solstitial points; the nodal points; vertical points, etc. See
Equinoctial Nodal.

14. (Her.) One of the several different parts of the escutcheon. See
Escutcheon.

15. (Naut.) (a) One of the points of the compass (see Points of the
compass, below); also, the difference between two points of the
compass; as, to fall off a point. (b) A short piece of cordage used in
reefing sails. See Reef point, under Reef.

16. (Anc. Costume) A a string or lace used to tie together certain
parts of the dress. Sir W. Scott.

17. Lace wrought the needle; as, point de Venise; Brussels point. See
Point lace, below.

18. pl. (Railways) A switch. [Eng.]

19. An item of private information; a hint; a tip; a pointer. [Cant, U.
S.]

20. (Cricket) A fielder who is stationed on the off side, about twelve
or fifteen yards from, and a little in advance of, the batsman.

21. The attitude assumed by a pointer dog when he finds game; as, the
dog came to a point. See Pointer.

22. (Type Making) A standard unit of measure for the size of type
bodies, being one twelfth of the thickness of pica type. See Point
system of type, under Type.

23. A tyne or snag of an antler.

24. One of the spaces on a backgammon board.

25. (Fencing) A movement executed with the saber or foil; as, tierce
point.

The word point is a general term, much used in the sciences,
particularly in mathematics, mechanics, perspective, and physics, but
generally either in the geometrical sense, or in that of degree, or
condition of change, and with some accompanying descriptive or
qualifying term, under which, in the vocabulary, the specific uses are
explained; as, boiling point, carbon point, dry point, freezing point,
melting point, vanishing point, etc.

At all points, in every particular, completely; perfectly. Shak. -- At
point, In point, At, In, or On, the point, as near as can be; on the
verge; about (see About, prep., 6); as, at the point of death; he was
on the point of speaking. "In point to fall down." Chaucer. "Caius
Sidius Geta, at point to have been taken, recovered himself so
valiantly as brought day on his side." Milton. -- Dead point. (Mach.)
Same as Dead center, under Dead. -- Far point (Med.), in ophthalmology,
the farthest point at which objects are seen distinctly. In normal eyes
the nearest point at which objects are seen distinctly; either with the
two eyes together (binocular near point), or with each eye separately
(monocular near point). -- Nine points of the law, all but the tenth
point; the greater weight of authority. -- On the point. See At point,
above. -- Point lace, lace wrought with the needle, as distinguished
from that made on the pillow. -- Point net, a machine-made lace
imitating a kind of Brussels lace (Brussels ground). -- Point of
concurrence (Geom.), a point common to two lines, but not a point of
tangency or of intersection, as, for instance, that in which a cycloid
meets its base. -- Point of contrary flexure, a point at which a curve
changes its direction of curvature, or at which its convexity and
concavity change sides. -- Point of order, in parliamentary practice, a
question of order or propriety under the rules. -- Point of sight
(Persp.), in a perspective drawing, the point assumed as that occupied
by the eye of the spectator. -- Point of view, the relative position
from which anything is seen or any subject is considered. -- Points of
the compass (Naut.), the thirty-two points of division of the compass
card in the mariner's compass; the corresponding points by which the
circle of the horizon is supposed to be divided, of which the four
marking the directions of east, west, north, and south, are called
cardinal points, and the rest are named from their respective
directions, as N. by E., N. N. E., N. E. by N., N. E., etc. See Illust.
under Compass. -- Point paper, paper pricked through so as to form a
stencil for transferring a design. -- Point system of type. See under
Type. -- Singular point (Geom.), a point of a curve which possesses
some property not possessed by points in general on the curve, as a
cusp, a point of inflection, a node, etc. -- To carry one's point, to
accomplish one's object, as in a controversy. -- To make a point of, to
attach special importance to. -- To make, or gain, a point, accomplish
that which was proposed; also, to make advance by a step, grade, or
position. -- To mark, or score, a point, as in billiards, cricket,
etc., to note down, or to make, a successful hit, run, etc. -- To
strain a point, to go beyond the proper limit or rule; to stretch one's
authority or conscience. -- Vowel point, in Hebrew, and certain other
Eastern and ancient languages, a mark placed above or below the
consonant, or attached to it, representing the vowel, or vocal sound,
which precedes or follows the consonant.

Point (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pointing.] [Cf.
F. pointer. See Point, n.] 1. To give a point to; to sharpen; to cut,
forge, grind, or file to an acute end; as, to point a dart, or a
pencil. Used also figuratively; as, to point a moral.

2. To direct toward an abject; to aim; as, to point a gun at a wolf, or
a cannon at a fort.

3. Hence, to direct the attention or notice of.

    Whosoever should be guided through his battles by Minerva, and
    pointed to every scene of them.


Pope.

4. To supply with punctuation marks; to punctuate; as, to point a
composition.

5. To mark (as Hebrew) with vowel points.

6. To give particular prominence to; to designate in a special manner;
to indicate, as if by pointing; as, the error was pointed out. Pope.

    He points it, however, by no deviation from his straightforward
    manner of speech.


Dickens.

7. To indicate or discover by a fixed look, as game.

8. (Masonry) To fill up and finish the joints of (a wall), by
introducing additional cement or mortar, and bringing it to a smooth
surface.

9. (Stone Cutting) To cut, as a surface, with a pointed tool.

To point a rope (Naut.), to taper and neatly finish off the end by
interweaving the nettles. -- To point a sail (Naut.), to affix points
through the eyelet holes of the reefs. -- To point off, to divide into
periods or groups, or to separate, by pointing, as figures. -- To point
the yards (of a vessel) (Naut.), to brace them so that the wind shall
strike the sails obliquely. Totten.

<! p. 1106 !>

Point (point), v. i. 1. To direct the point of something, as of a
finger, for the purpose of designating an object, and attracting
attention to it; -- with at.

    Now must the world point at poor Katharine.


Shak.

    Point at the tattered coat and ragged shoe.


Dryden.

2. To indicate the presence of game by fixed and steady look, as
certain hunting dogs do.

    He treads with caution, and he points with fear.


Gay.

3. (Med.) To approximate to the surface; to head; -- said of an
abscess.

To point at, to treat with scorn or contempt by pointing or directing
attention to. -- To point well (Naut.), to sail close to the wind; --
said of a vessel.

Point"al (?), n. [From Point: cf. F. pointal an upright wooden prop,
OF. pointille a prick or prickle.]

1. (Bot.) The pistil of a plant.

2. A kind of pencil or style used with the tablets of the Middle Ages.
"A pair of tablets [i. e., tablets] . . . and a pointel." Chaucer.

3. (Arch.) See Poyntel. [Obs. or R.]

Point`-blank" (?), n. [F. point point + blanc white.] 1. The white spot
on a target, at which an arrow or other missile is aimed. [Obs.]
Jonson.

2. (Mil.) (a) With all small arms, the second point in which the
natural line of sight, when horizontal, cuts the trajectory. (b) With
artillery, the point where the projectile first strikes the horizontal
plane on which the gun stands, the axis of the piece being horizontal.

Point`-blank", a. 1. Directed in a line toward the object aimed at;
aimed directly toward the mark.

2. Hence, direct; plain; unqualified; -- said of language; as, a
point-blank assertion.

Point-blank range, the extent of the apparent right line of a ball
discharged. -- Point-blank shot, the shot of a gun pointed directly
toward the object to be hit.

Point`-blank", adv. In a point- blank manner.

    To sin point-blank against God's word.


Fuller.

Point` d'ap`pui" (?). [F.] (Mil.) See under Appui.

{ Point`-de*vice", Point`-de*vise" } (?), a. [OE. at point devis; at at
+ point point, condition + devis exact, careful, OF. devis fixed, set.
See Device.] Uncommonly nice and exact; precise; particular.

    You are rather point-devise in your accouterments.


Shak.

    Thus he grew up, in logic point-devise, Perfect in grammar, and in
    rhetoric nice.


Longfellow.

{ Point`-de*vice", Point`-de*vise", } adv. Exactly. [Obs.] Shak.

Point"ed (?), a. 1. Sharp; having a sharp point; as, a pointed rock.

2. Characterized by sharpness, directness, or pithiness of expression;
terse; epigrammatic; especially, directed to a particular person or
thing.

    His moral pleases, not his pointed wit.


Pope.

Pointed arch (Arch.), an arch with a pointed crown. -- Pointed style
(Arch.), a name given to that style of architecture in which the
pointed arch is the predominant feature; -- more commonly called
Gothic.

-- Point"ed*ly, adv. -- Point"ed*ness, n.

Point"el (?), n. [From Point. Cf. Pointal.] See Pointal.

Point"er (?), n. One who, or that which, points. Specifically: (a) The
hand of a timepiece. (b) (Zoˆl.) One of a breed of dogs trained to stop
at scent of game, and with the nose point it out to sportsmen. (c) pl.
(Astron.) The two stars (Merak and Dubhe) in the Great Bear, the line
between which points nearly in the direction of the north star. See
Illust. of Ursa Major. (b) pl. (Naut.) Diagonal braces sometimes fixed
across the hold.

Point"ing, n. 1. The act of sharpening.

2. The act of designating, as a position or direction, by means of
something pointed, as a finger or a rod.

3. The act or art of punctuating; punctuation.

4. The act of filling and finishing the joints in masonry with mortar,
cement, etc.; also, the material so used.

5. The rubbing off of the point of the wheat grain in the first process
of high milling.

6. (Sculpt.) The act or process of measuring, at the various distances
from the surface of a block of marble, the surface of a future piece of
statuary; also, a process used in cutting the statue from the artist's
model.

Point`ing*stock` (?), n. An object of ridicule or scorn; a
laughingstock. Shak.

Point"less, a. Having no point; blunt; wanting keenness; obtuse; as, a
pointless sword; a pointless remark.

Syn. -- Blunt; obtuse, dull; stupid.

Point"less*ly, adv. Without point.

Point"let*ed (?), a. (Bot.) Having a small, distinct point; apiculate.
Henslow.

Poin"trel (?), n. A graving tool. Knight.

Points"man (?), n.; pl. - men (-men). A man who has charge of railroad
points or switches. [Eng.]

Poise (?), n. [OE. pois, peis, OF. pois, peis, F. poids, fr. L. pensum
a portion weighed out, pendere to weigh, weigh out. Cf. Avoirdupois,
Pendant, Poise, v.] [Formerly written also peise.] 1. Weight; gravity;
that which causes a body to descend; heaviness. "Weights of an
extraordinary poise." Evelyn.

2. The weight, or mass of metal, used in weighing, to balance the
substance weighed.

3. The state of being balanced by equal weight or power; equipoise;
balance; equilibrium; rest. Bentley.

4. That which causes a balance; a counterweight.

    Men of unbounded imagination often want the poise of judgment.


Dryden.

Poise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poised, (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Poising.]
[OE. poisen, peisen, OF. & F. peser, to weigh, balance, OF. il peise,
il poise, he weighs, F. il pËse, fr. L. pensare, v. intens. fr. pendere
to weigh. See Poise, n., and cf. Pensive.] [Formerly written also
peise.] 1. To balance; to make of equal weight; as, to poise the scales
of a balance.

2. To hold or place in equilibrium or equiponderance.

    Nor yet was earth suspended in the sky; Nor poised, did on her own
    foundation lie.


Dryden.

3. To counterpoise; to counterbalance.

    One scale of reason to poise another of sensuality.


Shak.

    To poise with solid sense a sprightly wit.


Dryden.

4. To ascertain, as by the balance; to weigh.

    He can not sincerely consider the strength, poise the weight, and
    discern the evidence.


South.

5. To weigh (down); to oppress. [Obs.]

    Lest leaden slumber peise me down to- morrow.


Shak.

Poise, v. i. To hang in equilibrium; to be balanced or suspended;
hence, to be in suspense or doubt.

    The slender, graceful spars Poise aloft in air.


Longfellow.

Pois"er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The balancer of dipterous insects.

Poi"son (?), n. [F. poison, in Old French also, a potion, fr. L. potio
a drink, draught, potion, a poisonous draught, fr. potare to drink. See
Potable, and cf. Potion.] 1. Any agent which, when introduced into the
animal organism, is capable of producing a morbid, noxious, or deadly
effect upon it; as, morphine is a deadly poison; the poison of
pestilential diseases.

2. That which taints or destroys moral purity or health; as, the poison
of evil example; the poison of sin.

Poison ash. (Bot.) (a) A tree of the genus Amyris (A. balsamifera)
found in the West Indies, from the trunk of which a black liquor
distills, supposed to have poisonous qualities. (b) The poison sumac
(Rhus venenata). [U. S.] -- Poison dogwood (Bot.), poison sumac. --
Poison fang (Zoˆl.), one of the superior maxillary teeth of some
species of serpents, which, besides having the cavity for the pulp, is
either perforated or grooved by a longitudinal canal, at the lower end
of which the duct of the poison gland terminates. See Illust. under
Fang. -- Poison gland (Biol.), a gland, in animals or plants, which
secretes an acrid or venomous matter, that is conveyed along an organ
capable of inflicting a wound. -- Poison hemlock (Bot.), a poisonous
umbelliferous plant (Conium maculatum). See Hemlock. -- Poison ivy
(Bot.), a poisonous climbing plant (Rhus Toxicodendron) of North
America. It is common on stone walls and on the trunks of trees, and
has trifoliate, rhombic-ovate, variously notched leaves. Many people
are poisoned by it, if they touch the leaves. See Poison sumac. Called
also poison oak, and mercury. -- Poison nut. (Bot.) (a) Nux vomica. (b)
The tree which yields this seed (Strychnos Nuxvomica). It is found on
the Malabar and Coromandel coasts. -- Poison oak (Bot.), the poison
ivy; also, the more shrubby Rhus diversiloba of California and Oregon.
-- Poison sac. (Zoˆl.) Same as Poison gland, above. See Illust. under
Fang. -- Poison sumac (Bot.), a poisonous shrub of the genus Rhus (R.
venenata); -- also called poison ash, poison dogwood, and poison elder.
It has pinnate leaves on graceful and slender common petioles, and
usually grows in swampy places. Both this plant and the poison ivy
(Rhus Toxicodendron) have clusters of smooth greenish white berries,
while the red-fruited species of this genus are harmless. The tree
(Rhus vernicifera) which yields the celebrated Japan lacquer is almost
identical with the poison sumac, and is also very poisonous. The juice
of the poison sumac also forms a lacquer similar to that of Japan.

Syn. -- Venom; virus; bane; pest; malignity. -- Poison, Venom. Poison
usually denotes something received into the system by the mouth,
breath, etc. Venom is something discharged from animals and received by
means of a wound, as by the bite or sting of serpents, scorpions, etc.
Hence, venom specifically implies some malignity of nature or purpose.

Poi"son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poisoning.]
[Cf. OF. poisonner, F. empoissoner, L. potionare to give to drink. See
Poison, n.]

1. To put poison upon or into; to infect with poison; as, to poison an
arrow; to poison food or drink. "The ingredients of our poisoned
chalice." Shak.

2. To injure or kill by poison; to administer poison to.

    If you poison us, do we not die ?


Shak.

3. To taint; to corrupt; to vitiate; as, vice poisons happiness;
slander poisoned his mind.

    Whispering tongues can poison truth.


Coleridge.

Poi"son, v. i. To act as, or convey, a poison.

    Tooth that poisons if it bite.


Shak.

Poi"son*a*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of poisoning; poisonous. [Obs.]
"Poisonable heresies." Tooker.

2. Capable of being poisoned.

Poi"son*er (?), n. One who poisons. Shak.

Poi"son*ous (?), a. Having the qualities or effects of poison;
venomous; baneful; corrupting; noxious. Shak. -- Poi"son*ous*ly, adv.
-- Poi"son*ous*ness, n.

Poi"son*some (?), a. Poisonous.[Obs.] Holland.

Poi"sure (?), n. [See Poise.] Weight. [Obs.]

Poi"trel (?), n. [OE. poitrel, F. poitrail, fr. L. pectorale a
breastplate, fr. pectoralis, a. See Pectoral, a.] (Anc. Armor) The
breastplate of the armor of a horse. See Peytrel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Poize (?), n. See Poise. [Obs.]

Po*kal" (?), n. [G.] A tall drinking cup.

Poke (?), n. (Bot.) A large North American herb of the genus Phytolacca
(P. decandra), bearing dark purple juicy berries; -- called also
garget, pigeon berry, pocan, and pokeweed. The root and berries have
emetic and purgative properties, and are used in medicine. The young
shoots are sometimes eaten as a substitute for asparagus, and the
berries are said to be used in Europe to color wine.

Poke, n. [AS. poca, poha, pohha; akin to Icel. poki, OD. poke, and
perh. to E. pock; cf. also Gael. poca, and OF. poque. Cf. Pock, Pocket,
Pouch.] 1. A bag; a sack; a pocket. "He drew a dial from his poke."
Shak.

    They wallowed as pigs in a poke.


Chaucer.

2. A long, wide sleeve; -- called also poke sleeve.

To boy a pig a poke (that is, in a bag), to buy a thing without
knowledge or examination of it. Camden.

Poke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poking.] [Cf. LG.
poken to prick, pierce, thrust, pok a dagger, knife, D. pook, G. pocken
to beat, also Ir. poc a blow, Gael. puc to push.] 1. To thrust or push
against or into with anything pointed; hence, to stir up; to excite;
as, to poke a fire.

    He poked John, and said "Sleepest thou ?"


Chaucer.

2. To thrust with the horns; to gore.

3. [From 5th Poke, 3.] To put a poke on; as, to poke an ox. [Colloq. U.
S.]

To poke fun, to excite fun; to joke; to jest. [Colloq.] -- To poke fun
at, to make a butt of; to ridicule. [Colloq.]

Poke, v. i. To search; to feel one's way, as in the dark; to grope; as,
to poke about.

    A man must have poked into Latin and Greek.


Prior.

Poke, n. 1. The act of poking; a thrust; a jog; as, a poke in the ribs.
Ld. Lytton.

2. A lazy person; a dawdler; also, a stupid or uninteresting person.
[Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.

3. A contrivance to prevent an animal from leaping or breaking through
fences. It consists of a yoke with a pole inserted, pointed forward.
[U.S.]

Poke bonnet, a bonnet with a straight, projecting front.

Poke"bag` (?), n. [So called in allusion to its baglike nest.] (Zoˆl.)
The European long- tailed titmouse; -- called also poke-pudding. [Prov.
Eng.]

Pok"er (?), n. [From Poke to push.] 1. One who pokes.

2. That which pokes or is used in poking, especially a metal bar or rod
used in stirring a fire of coals.

3. A poking-stick. Decker.

4. (Zoˆl.) The poachard. [Prov. Eng.]

Poker picture, a picture formed in imitation of bisterwashed drawings,
by singeing the surface of wood with a heated poker or other iron.
Fairholt.

Pok"er, n. [Of uncertain etymol.] A game at cards derived from brag,
and first played about 1835 in the Southwestern United States.
Johnson's Cyc.

Pok"er, n. [Cf. Dan. pokker the deuce, devil, also W. pwci, a
hobgoblin, bugbear, and E. puck.] Any imagined frightful object,
especially one supposed to haunt the darkness; a bugbear. [Colloq. U.
S.]

Pok"er*ish, a. Infested by pokers; adapted to excite fear; as, a
pokerish place. [Colloq. U. S.]

    There is something pokerish about a deserted dwelling.


Lowell.

Pok"er*ish, a. Stiff like a poker. [Colloq.]

Pok"et (?), n. A pocket. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Poke"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) See Poke, the plant.

Pok"ey (?), a. See Poky.

Pok"ing (?), a. Drudging; servile. [Colloq.]

    Bred to some poking profession.


Gray.

Pok"ing-stick` (?), n. A small stick or rod of steel, formerly used in
adjusting the plaits of ruffs. Shak.

Pok"y (?), a. [Written also pokey.] 1. Confined; cramped. [Prov. Eng.]

2. Dull; tedious; uninteresting. [Colloq.]

Po*lac"ca (?), n. [It. polacca, polaccra, polacra; cf. F. polaque,
polacre, Sp. polacre,] [Written also polacre.] 1. (Naut.) A vessel with
two or three masts, used in the Mediterranean. The masts are usually of
one piece, and without tops, caps, or crosstrees.

2. (Mus.) See Polonaise.

Po"lack (?), n. A Polander. Shak.

Po*la"cre (?), n. Same as Polacca, 1.

Po"land*er (?), n. A native or inhabitant of Poland; a Pole.

Po"lar (?), a. [Cf. F. polaire. See Pole of the earth.] 1. Of or
pertaining to one of the poles of the earth, or of a sphere; situated
near, or proceeding from, one of the poles; as, polar regions; polar
seas; polar winds.

2. Of or pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to the point to which the
magnetic needle is directed.

3. (Geom.) Pertaining to, reckoned from, or having a common radiating
point; as, polar coˆrdinates.

Polar axis, that axis of an astronomical instrument, as an equatorial,
which is parallel to the earths axis. -- Polar bear (Zoˆl.), a large
bear (Ursus, or Thalarctos, maritimus) inhabiting the arctic regions.
It sometimes measures nearly nine feet in length and weighs 1,600
pounds. It is partially amphibious, very powerful, and the most
carnivorous of all the bears. The fur is white, tinged with yellow.
Called also White bear. See Bear. -- Polar body, cell, or globule
(Biol.), a minute cell which separates by karyokinesis from the ovum
during its maturation. In the maturation of ordinary ova two polar
bodies are formed, but in parthogenetic ova only one. The first polar
body formed is usually larger than the second one, and often divides
into two after its separation from the ovum. Each of the polar bodies
removes maternal chromatin from the ovum to make room for the chromatin
of the fertilizing spermatozoˆn; but their functions are not fully
understood. -- Polar circles (Astron. & Geog.), two circles, each at a
distance from a pole of the earth equal to the obliquity of the
ecliptic, or about 23∞ 28&prime;, the northern called the arctic
circle, and the southern the antarctic circle. -- Polar clock, a tube,
containing a polarizing apparatus, turning on an axis parallel to that
of the earth, and indicating the hour of the day on an hour circle, by
being turned toward the plane of maximum polarization of the light of
the sky, which is always 90∞ from the sun. -- Polar coˆrdinates. See
under 3d Coˆrdinate. -- Polar dial, a dial whose plane is parallel to a
great circle passing through the poles of the earth. Math. Dict. --
Polar distance, the angular distance of any point on a sphere from one
of its poles, particularly of a heavenly body from the north pole of
the heavens. -- Polar equation of a line or surface, an equation which
expresses the relation between the polar coˆrdinates of every point of
the line or surface. -- Polar forces (Physics), forces that are
developed and act in pairs, with opposite tendencies or properties in
the two elements, as magnetism, electricity, etc. -- Polar hare
(Zoˆl.), a large hare of Arctic America (Lepus arcticus), which turns
pure white in winter. It is probably a variety of the common European
hare (L. timidus). -- Polar lights, the aurora borealis or australis.
-- Polar, or Polaric, opposition or contrast (Logic), an opposition or
contrast made by the existence of two opposite conceptions which are
the extremes in a species, as white and black in colors; hence, as
great an opposition or contrast as possible. -- Polar projection. See
under Projection. -- Polar spherical triangle (Spherics), a spherical
triangle whose three angular points are poles of the sides of a given
triangle. See 4th Pole, 2. -- Polar whale (Zoˆl.), the right whale, or
bowhead. See Whale.

<! p. 1107 !>

Po"lar (?), n. (Conic Sections) The right line drawn through the two
points of contact of the two tangents drawn from a given point to a
given conic section. The given point is called the pole of the line. If
the given point lies within the curve so that the two tangents become
imaginary, there is still a real polar line which does not meet the
curve, but which possesses other properties of the polar. Thus the
focus and directrix are pole and polar. There are also poles and polar
curves to curves of higher degree than the second, and poles and polar
planes to surfaces of the second degree.

Pol"ar*chy (?), n. See Polyarchy.

Po*lar"ic (?), a. See Polar. [R.]

Po"lar*i*ly (?), adv. In a polary manner; with polarity. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.

Po`lar*im"e*ter (?), n. [Polar + -meter.] (Opt.) An instrument for
determining the amount of polarization of light, or the proportion of
polarized light, in a partially polarized ray.

Po`lar*im"e*try (?), n. (Opt.) The art or process of measuring the
polarization of light.

||Po*la"ris (?), n. [NL. See Polar.] (Astron.) The polestar. See North
||star, under North.

Po*lar"i*scope (?), n. [Polar + -scope.] (Opt.) An instrument
consisting essentially of a polarizer and an analyzer, used for
polarizing light, and analyzing its properties.

Po*lar`i*scop"ic (?), a. (Opt.) Of or pertaining to the polariscope;
obtained by the use of a polariscope; as, polariscopic observations.

Po`lar*is"co*py (?), n. (Opt.) The art or rocess of making observations
with the polariscope.

Po`lar*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or exhibiting, poles; having a
polar arrangement or disposition; arising from, or dependent upon, the
possession of poles or polar characteristics; as, polaristic
antagonism.

Po*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. polaritÈ.] 1. (Physics) That quality or
condition of a body in virtue of which it exhibits opposite, or
contrasted, properties or powers, in opposite, or contrasted, parts or
directions; or a condition giving rise to a contrast of properties
corresponding to a contrast of positions, as, for example, attraction
and repulsion in the opposite parts of a magnet, the dissimilar
phenomena corresponding to the different sides of a polarized ray of
light, etc.

2. (Geom.) A property of the conic sections by virtue of which a given
point determines a corresponding right line and a given right line
determines a corresponding point. See Polar, n.

Po"lar*i`za*ble (?), a. Susceptible of polarization.

Po`lar*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. polarisation.]

1. The act of polarizing; the state of being polarized, or of having
polarity.

2. (Opt.) A peculiar affection or condition of the rays of light or
heat, in consequence of which they exhibit different properties in
different directions.

If a beam of light, which has been reflected from a plate of unsilvered
glass at an angle of about 56∞, be received upon a second plate of
glass similar to the former, and at the same angle of incidence, the
light will be readily reflected when the two planes of incidence are
parallel to each other, but will not be reflected when the two planes
of incidence are perpendicular to each other. The light has, therefore,
acquired new properties by reflection from the first plate of glass,
and is called polarized light, while the modification which the light
has experienced by this reflection is called polarization. The plane in
which the beam of light is reflected from the first mirror is called
the plane of polarization. The angle of polarization is the angle at
which a beam of light must be reflected, in order that the polarization
may be the most complete. The term polarization was derived from the
theory of emission, and it was conceived that each luminous molecule
has two poles analogous to the poles of a magnet; but this view is not
now held. According to the undulatory theory, ordinary light is
produced by vibrations transverse or perpendicular to the direction of
the ray, and distributed as to show no distinction as to any particular
direction. But when, by any means, these, vibrations are made to take
place in one plane, the light is said to be plane polarized. If only a
portion of the vibrations lie in one plane the ray is said to be
partially polarized. Light may be polarized by several methods other
than by reflection, as by refraction through most crystalline media, or
by being transmitted obliquely through several plates of glass with
parallel faces. If a beam of polarized light be transmitted through a
crystal of quartz in the direction of its axis, the plane of
polarization will be changed by an angle proportional to the thickness
of the crystal. This phenomenon is called rotatory polarization. A beam
of light reflected from a metallic surface, or from glass surfaces
under certain peculiar conditions, acquires properties still more
complex, its vibrations being no longer rectilinear, but circular, or
elliptical. This phenomenon is called circular or elliptical
polarization.

3. (Elec.) An effect produced upon the plates of a voltaic battery, or
the electrodes in an electrolytic cell, by the deposition upon them of
the gases liberated by the action of the current. It is chiefly due to
the hydrogen, and results in an increase of the resistance, and the
setting up of an opposing electro- motive force, both of which tend
materially to weaken the current of the battery, or that passing
through the cell.

Po"lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Polarizing (?).] [Cf. F. polariser.] To communicate polarity to.

Po"lar*i`zer (?), n. (Physics) That which polarizes; especially, the
part of a polariscope which receives and polarizes the light. It is
usually a reflecting plate, or a plate of some crystal, as tourmaline,
or a doubly refracting crystal.

Po"lar*y (?), a. Tending to a pole; having a direction toward a pole.
[R.] Sir T. Browne.

||Po`la`touche" (?), n. [F.] (Zoˆl.) A flying squirrel (Sciuropterus
||volans) native of Northern Europe and Siberia; -- called also minene.

Pol"der (?), n. [D.] A tract of low land reclaimed from the sea by of
high embankments. [Holland & Belgium]

Pold"way` (?), n. [Cf. Poledavy.] A kind of coarse bagging, -- used for
coal sacks. Weale.

Pole (?), n. [Cf. G. Pole a Pole, Polen Poland.] A native or inhabitant
of Poland; a Polander.

Pole, n. [As. pl, L. palus, akin to pangere to make fast. Cf. Pale a
stake, Pact.] 1. A long, slender piece of wood; a tall, slender piece
of timber; the stem of a small tree whose branches have been removed;
as, specifically: (a) A carriage pole, a wooden bar extending from the
front axle of a carriage between the wheel horses, by which the
carriage is guided and held back. (b) A flag pole, a pole on which a
flag is supported. (c) A Maypole. See Maypole. (d) A barber's pole, a
pole painted in stripes, used as a sign by barbers and hairdressers.
(e) A pole on which climbing beans, hops, or other vines, are trained.

2. A measuring stick; also, a measure of length equal to 5&?; yards, or
a square measure equal to 30&?; square yards; a rod; a perch. Bacon.

Pole bean (Bot.), any kind of bean which is customarily trained on
poles, as the scarlet runner or the Lima bean. -- Pole flounder
(Zoˆl.), a large deep-water flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus),
native of the northern coasts of Europe and America, and much esteemed
as a food fish; -- called also craig flounder, and pole fluke. -- Pole
lathe, a simple form of lathe, or a substitute for a lathe, in which
the work is turned by means of a cord passing around it, one end being
fastened to the treadle, and the other to an elastic pole above. --
Pole mast (Naut.), a mast formed from a single piece or from a single
tree. -- Pole of a lens (Opt.), the point where the principal axis
meets the surface. -- Pole plate (Arch.), a horizontal timber resting
on the tiebeams of a roof and receiving the ends of the rafters. It
differs from the plate in not resting on the wall.

Pole, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poling.] 1. To
furnish with poles for support; as, to pole beans or hops.

2. To convey on poles; as, to pole hay into a barn.

3. To impel by a pole or poles, as a boat.

4. To stir, as molten glass, with a pole.

Pole, n. [L. polus, Gr. &?; a pivot or hinge on which anything turns,
an axis, a pole; akin to &?; to move: cf. F. pÙle.] 1. Either extremity
of an axis of a sphere; especially, one of the extremities of the
earth's axis; as, the north pole.

2. (Spherics) A point upon the surface of a sphere equally distant from
every part of the circumference of a great circle; or the point in
which a diameter of the sphere perpendicular to the plane of such
circle meets the surface. Such a point is called the pole of that
circle; as, the pole of the horizon; the pole of the ecliptic; the pole
of a given meridian.

3. (Physics) One of the opposite or contrasted parts or directions in
which a polar force is manifested; a point of maximum intensity of a
force which has two such points, or which has polarity; as, the poles
of a magnet; the north pole of a needle.

4. The firmament; the sky. [Poetic]

    Shoots against the dusky pole.


Milton.

5. (Geom.) See Polarity, and Polar, n.

Magnetic pole. See under Magnetic. -- Poles of the earth, or
Terrestrial poles (Geog.), the two opposite points on the earth's
surface through which its axis passes. -- Poles of the heavens, or
Celestial poles, the two opposite points in the celestial sphere which
coincide with the earth's axis produced, and about which the heavens
appear to revolve.

{ Pole"ax`, Pole"axe` } (?), n. [OE. pollax; cf. OD. pollexe. See Poll
head, and Ax.] Anciently, a kind of battle-ax with a long handle;
later, an ax or hatchet with a short handle, and a head variously
patterned; -- used by soldiers, and also by sailors in boarding a
vessel.

Pole"cat` (?), n. [Probably fr. F. poule hen, and originally, a poultry
cat, because it feeds on poultry. See Poultry.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A small
European carnivore of the Weasel family (Putorius fútidus). Its scent
glands secrete a substance of an exceedingly disagreeable odor. Called
also fitchet, foulmart, and European ferret. (b) The zorilla. The name
is also applied to other allied species.

Pole"da`vy (?), n. [Etymology uncertain.] A sort of coarse canvas;
poldway. [Obs.] Howell.

Pole"less, a. Without a pole; as, a poleless chariot.

Pol"e*march (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; war + &?; leader, from &?; to be
first.] (Gr. Antiq.) In Athens, originally, the military
commanderin-chief; but, afterward, a civil magistrate who had
jurisdiction in respect of strangers and sojourners. In other Grecian
cities, a high military and civil officer.

Po*lem"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; warlike, fr.&?; war: cf. F. polÈmique.] 1.
Of or pertaining to controversy; maintaining, or involving,
controversy; controversial; disputative; as, a polemic discourse or
essay; polemic theology.

2. Engaged in, or addicted to, polemics, or to controversy;
disputations; as, a polemic writer. South.

Po*lem"ic, n. 1. One who writes in support of one opinion, doctrine, or
system, in opposition to another; one skilled in polemics; a
controversialist; a disputant.

    The sarcasms and invectives of the young polemic.


Macaulay.

2. A polemic argument or controversy.

Po*lem"ic*al (?), a. Polemic; controversial; disputatious. --
Po*lem"ic*al*ly, adv.

    Polemical and impertinent disputations.


Jer. Taylor.

Po*lem"i*cist (?), n. A polemic. [R.]

Po*lem"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. polÈmique.] The art or practice of
disputation or controversy, especially on religious subjects; that
branch of theological science which pertains to the history or conduct
of ecclesiastical controversy.

Pol"e*mist (?), n. A polemic. [R.]

Pol`e*mo`ni*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order
of plants (PolemoniaceÊ), which includes Polemonium, Phlox, Gilia, and
a few other genera.

||Pol`e*mo"ni*um (?). n. [NL., fr. Gr.&?; a kind of plant.] (Bot.) A
||genus of gamopetalous perennial herbs, including the Jacob's ladder
||and the Greek valerian.

Po*lem"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; war + -scope: cf. F. polÈmoscope.] An
opera glass or field glass with an oblique mirror arranged for seeing
objects do not lie directly before the eye; -- called also diagonal, or
side, opera glass.

Pol"e*my (?), n. [See Polemic.] Warfare; war; hence, contention;
opposition. [Obs.]

||Po*len"ta (?), n. [It., fr. L. polenta peeled barley.] Pudding made
||of Indian meal; also, porridge made of chestnut meal. [Italy]

Pol"er (?), n. One who poles.

Pol"er, n. An extortioner. See Poller. [Obs.] Bacon.

Pole"star` (?), n. 1. Polaris, or the north star. See North star, under
North.

2. A guide or director.

Pole"wards (?), adv. Toward a pole of the earth. "The regions further
polewards." Whewell.

Pole"wig (?), n. [Cf. Polliwig.] (Zoˆl.) The European spotted goby
(Gobius minutus); -- called also pollybait. [Prov. Eng.]

Po"ley (?), n. (Bot.) See Poly.

Po"ley, a. Without horns; polled. [Prov. Eng.] "That poley heifer." H.
Kingsley.

Po"li*a*nite (?), n. [Gr. &?; to become gray.] (Min.) Manganese
dioxide, occurring in tetragonal crystals nearly as hard as quartz.

Pol"i*cate (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Same as Pollicate.

Po*lice" (?), n. [F., fr. L. politia the condition of a state,
government, administration, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to be a citizen, to govern
or administer a state, fr. &?; citizen, fr. &?; city; akin to Skr. pur,
puri. Cf. Policy polity, Polity.] 1. A judicial and executive system,
for the government of a city, town, or district, for the preservation
of rights, order, cleanliness, health, etc., and for the enforcement of
the laws and prevention of crime; the administration of the laws and
regulations of a city, incorporated town, or borough.

2. That which concerns the order of the community; the internal
regulation of a state.

3. The organized body of civil officers in a city, town, or district,
whose particular duties are the preservation of good order, the
prevention and detection of crime, and the enforcement of the laws.

4. (Mil.) Military police, the body of soldiers detailed to preserve
civil order and attend to sanitary arrangements in a camp or garrison.

5. The cleaning of a camp or garrison, or the state &?; a camp as to
cleanliness.

Police commissioner, a civil officer, usually one of a board,
commissioned to regulate and control the appointment, duties, and
discipline of the police. -- Police constable, or Police officer, a
policeman. -- Police court, a minor court to try persons brought before
it by the police. -- Police inspector, an officer of police ranking
next below a superintendent. -- Police jury, a body of officers who
collectively exercise jurisdiction in certain cases of police, as
levying taxes, etc.; -- so called in Louisiana. Bouvier. -- Police
justice, or Police magistrate, a judge of a police court. -- Police
offenses (Law), minor offenses against the order of the community, of
which a police court may have final jurisdiction. -- Police station,
the headquarters of the police, or of a section of them; the place
where the police assemble for orders, and to which they take arrested
persons.

Po*lice", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Policed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Policing.]
1. To keep in order by police.

2. (Mil.) To make clean; as, to police a camp.

Po*liced" (?), a. Regulated by laws for the maintenance of peace and
order, enforced by organized administration. "A policed kingdom."
Howell.

Po*lice"man (?), n.; pl. Policemen (&?;). A member of a body of police;
a constable.

Po*li"cial (&?;), a. Relating to the police. [R.]

<! p. 1108 !>

Pol"i*cied (?), a. Policed. [Obs.] Bacon.

Pol"i*cy (?), n.; pl. Policies (#). [L. politia, Gr. &?;; cf. F.
police, Of. police. See Police, n.] 1. Civil polity. [Obs.]

2. The settled method by which the government and affairs of a nation
are, or may be, administered; a system of public or official
administration, as designed to promote the external or internal
prosperity of a state.

3. The method by which any institution is administered; system of
management; course.

4. Management or administration based on temporal or material interest,
rather than on principles of equity or honor; hence, worldly wisdom;
dexterity of management; cunning; stratagem.

5. Prudence or wisdom in the management of public and private affairs;
wisdom; sagacity; wit.

    The very policy of a hostess, finding his purse so far above his
    clothes, did detect him.


Fuller.

6. Motive; object; inducement. [Obs.]

    What policy have you to bestow a benefit where it is counted an
    injury?


Sir P. Sidney.

Syn. -- See Polity.

Pol"i*cy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Policied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Policying.]
To regulate by laws; to reduce to order. [Obs.] "Policying of cities."
Bacon.

Pol"i*cy, n. [F. police; cf. Pr. polissia, Sp. pÛlizia, It. pÛlizza; of
uncertain origin; cf. L. pollex thumb (as being used in pressing the
seal), in LL. also, seal; or cf. LL. politicum, poleticum, polecticum,
L. polyptychum, account book, register, fr. Gr. &?; having many folds
or leaves; &?; many + &?; fold, leaf, from &?; to fold; or cf. LL.
apodixa a receipt.] 1. A ticket or warrant for money in the public
funds.

2. The writing or instrument in which a contract of insurance is
embodied; an instrument in writing containing the terms and conditions
on which one party engages to indemnify another against loss arising
from certain hazards, perils, or risks to which his person or property
may be exposed. See Insurance.

3. A method of gambling by betting as to what numbers will be drawn in
a lottery; as, to play policy.

Interest policy, a policy that shows by its form that the assured has a
real, substantial interest in the matter insured. -- Open policy, one
in which the value of the goods or property insured is not mentioned.
-- Policy book, a book to contain a record of insurance policies. --
Policy holder, one to whom an insurance policy has been granted. --
Policy shop, a gambling place where one may bet on the numbers which
will be drawn in lotteries. -- Valued policy, one in which the value of
the goods, property, or interest insured is specified. -- Wager policy,
a policy that shows on the face of it that the contract it embodies is
a pretended insurance, founded on an ideal risk, where the insured has
no interest in anything insured.

Pol"ing (?), n. [From Pole a stick.] 1. The act of supporting or of
propelling by means of a pole or poles; as, the poling of beans; the
poling of a boat.

2. (Gardening) The operation of dispersing worm casts over the walks
with poles.

3. One of the poles or planks used in upholding the side earth in
excavating a tunnel, ditch, etc.

Pol"ish (?), a. [From Pole a Polander.] Of or pertaining to Poland or
its inhabitants. - - n. The language of the Poles.

Pol"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Polishing.] [F. polir, L. polire. Cf. Polite, -ish] 1. To make smooth
and glossy, usually by friction; to burnish; to overspread with luster;
as, to polish glass, marble, metals, etc.

2. Hence, to refine; to wear off the rudeness, coarseness, or rusticity
of; to make elegant and polite; as, to polish life or manners. Milton.

To polish off, to finish completely, as an adversary. [Slang] W. H.
Russell.

Pol"ish, v. i. To become smooth, as from friction; to receive a gloss;
to take a smooth and glossy surface; as, steel polishes well. Bacon.

Pol"ish, n. 1. A smooth, glossy surface, usually produced by friction;
a gloss or luster.

    Another prism of clearer glass and better polish.


Sir I. Newton.

2. Anything used to produce a gloss.

3. Fig.: Refinement; elegance of manners.

    This Roman polish and this smooth behavior.


Addison.

Pol"ish*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being polished.

Pol"ished (?), a. Made smooth and glossy, as by friction; hence, highly
finished; refined; polite; as, polished plate; polished manners;
polished verse.

Pol"ished*ness, n. The quality of being polished.

Pol"ish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, polishes; also, that which
is used in polishing. Addison.

Pol"ish*ing, a. & n. from Polish.

Polishing iron, an iron burnisher; esp., a small smoothing iron used in
laundries. -- Polishing slate. (a) A gray or yellow slate, found in
Bohemia and Auvergne, and used for polishing glass, marble, and metals.
(b) A kind of hone or whetstone; hone slate. -- Polishing snake, a tool
used in cleaning lithographic stones. -- Polishing wheel, a wheel or
disk coated with, or composed of, abrading material, for polishing a
surface.

Pol"ish*ment (?), n. The act of polishing, or the state of being
polished. [R.]

Po*lite" (?), a. [Compar. Politer (?); superl. Politest.] [L. politus,
p. p. of polire to polish: cf. F. poli. See Polish, v.] 1. Smooth;
polished. [Obs.]

    Rays of light falling on a polite surface.


Sir I. Newton.

2. Smooth and refined in behavior or manners; well bred; courteous;
complaisant; obliging; civil.

    He marries, bows at court, and grows polite.


Pope.

3. Characterized by refinement, or a high degree of finish; as, polite
literature. Macaulay.

Syn. -- Polished; refined; well bred; courteous; affable; urbane;
civil; courtly; elegant; genteel.

Po*lite", v. t. To polish; to refine; to render polite. [Obs.] Ray.

Po*lite"ly (?), adv. 1. In a polished manner; so as to be smooth or
glossy. [Obs.] Milton.

2. In a polite manner; with politeness.

Po*lite"ness, n. 1. High finish; smoothness; burnished elegance. [R.]
Evelyn.

2. The quality or state of being polite; refinement of manners;
urbanity; courteous behavior; complaisance; obliging attentions.

Syn. -- Courtesy; good breeding; refinement; urbanity; courteousness;
affability; complaisance; civility; gentility; courtliness. --
Politeness, Courtesy. Politeness denotes that ease and gracefulness of
manners which first sprung up in cities, connected with a desire to
please others by anticipating their wants and wishes, and studiously
avoiding whatever might give them pain. Courtesy is, etymologically,
the politeness of courts. It displays itself in the address and
manners; it is shown more especially in receiving and entertaining
others, and is a union of dignified complaisance and kindness.

||Pol`i*tesse" (?), n. [F.] Politeness.

Pol"i*tic (?), a. [L. politicus political, Gr. &?; belonging to the
citizens or to the state, fr.&?; citizen: cf. F. politique. See Police,
and cf. ePolitical.] 1. Of or pertaining to polity, or civil
government; political; as, the body politic. See under Body.

    He with his people made all but one politic body.


Sir P. Sidney.

2. Pertaining to, or promoting, a policy, especially a national policy;
well-devised; adapted to its end, whether right or wrong; -- said of
things; as, a politic treaty. "Enrich'd with politic grave counsel."
Shak.

3. Sagacious in promoting a policy; ingenious in devising and advancing
a system of management; devoted to a scheme or system rather than to a
principle; hence, in a good sense, wise; prudent; sagacious; and in a
bad sense, artful; unscrupulous; cunning; -- said of persons.

    Politic with my friend, smooth with mine enemy.


Shak.

Syn. -- Wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet; provident; wary; artful;
cunning.

Pol`i*tic, n. A politician. [Archaic] Bacon.

    Swiftly the politic goes; is it dark? he borrows a lantern; Slowly
    the statesman and sure, guiding his feet by the stars.


Lowell.

Po*lit"i*cal (?), a. 1. Having, or conforming to, a settled system of
administration. [R.] "A political government." Evelyn.

2. Of or pertaining to public policy, or to politics; relating to
affairs of state or administration; as, a political writer. "The
political state of Europe." Paley.

3. Of or pertaining to a party, or to parties, in the state; as, his
political relations were with the Whigs.

4. Politic; wise; also, artful. [Obs.] Sterne.

Political economy, that branch of political science or philosophy which
treats of the sources, and methods of production and preservation, of
the material wealth and prosperity of nations.

Po*lit"i*cal*ism (?), n. Zeal or party spirit in politics.

Po*lit"i*cal*ly, adv. 1. In a political manner.

2. Politicly; artfully. [Obs.] Knolles.

Po*lit"i*cas`ter (?), n. [Cf. It. politicastro.] A petty politician; a
pretender in politics. Milton.

Pol`i*ti"cian (?), n. [Cf. F. politicien.]

1. One versed or experienced in the science of government; one devoted
to politics; a statesman.

    While empiric politicians use deceit.


Dryden.

2. One primarily devoted to his own advancement in public office, or to
the success of a political party; -- used in a depreciatory sense; one
addicted or attached to politics as managed by parties (see Politics,
2); a schemer; an intriguer; as, a mere politician.

    Like a scurvy politician, seem To see the things thou dost not.


Shak.

    The politician . . . ready to do anything that he apprehends for
    his advantage.


South.

Pol`i*ti"cian, a. Cunning; using artifice; politic; artful.
"Ill-meaning politician lords." Milton.

Po*lit"i*cist (?), n. A political writer. [R.]

Pol"i*tic*ly (?), adv. In a politic manner; sagaciously; shrewdly;
artfully. Pope.

Pol"i*tics (?), n. [Cf. F. politique, Gr. &?; (sc.&?;). See Politic.]
1. The science of government; that part of ethics which has to do with
the regulation and government of a nation or state, the preservation of
its safety, peace, and prosperity, the defense of its existence and
rights against foreign control or conquest, the augmentation of its
strength and resources, and the protection of its citizens in their
rights, with the preservation and improvement of their morals.

2. The management of a political party; the conduct and contests of
parties with reference to political measures or the administration of
public affairs; the advancement of candidates to office; in a bad
sense, artful or dishonest management to secure the success of
political candidates or parties; political trickery.

    When we say that two men are talking politics, we often mean that
    they are wrangling about some mere party question.


F. W. Robertson.

Pol"i*tize (?), v. i. To play the politician; to dispute as politicians
do. [Obs.] Milton.

Pol"i*ture (?), n. [L. politura, fr. polire to polish. See Polish, v.]
Polish; gloss. [Obs.] Donne.

Pol"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Polities (#). [L. politia, Gr. &?;: cf. F.
politie. See 1st Policy, Police.] 1. The form or constitution of the
civil government of a nation or state; the framework or organization by
which the various departments of government are combined into a
systematic whole. Blackstone. Hooker.

2. Hence: The form or constitution by which any institution is
organized; the recognized principles which lie at the foundation of any
human institution.

    Nor is possible that any form of polity, much less polity
    ecclesiastical, should be good, unless God himself be author of it.


Hooker.

3. Policy; art; management. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Syn. -- Policy. -- Polity, Policy. These two words were originally the
same. Polity is now confined to the structure of a government; as,
civil or ecclesiastical polity; while policy is applied to the scheme
of management of public affairs with reference to some aim or result;
as, foreign or domestic policy. Policy has the further sense of
skillful or cunning management.

Po*litz`er*i*za"tion (?), n. (Med.) The act of inflating the middle ear
by blowing air up the nose during the act of swallowing; -- so called
from Prof. Politzer of Vienna, who first practiced it.

Pol"ive (?), n. A pulley. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pol"ka (?), n. [Pol. Polka a Polish woman: cf. F. & G. polka.] 1. A
dance of Polish origin, but now common everywhere. It is performed by
two persons in common time.

2. (Mus.) A lively Bohemian or Polish dance tune in 2-4 measure, with
the third quaver accented.

Polka jacket, a kind of knit jacket worn by women.

Poll (?), n. [From Polly, The proper name.] A parrot; -- familiarly so
called.

Poll, n. [Gr. &?; the many, the rabble.] One who does not try for
honors, but is content to take a degree merely; a passman. [Cambridge
Univ., Eng.]

Poll (?), n. [Akin to LG. polle the head, the crest of a bird, the top
of a tree, OD. pol, polle, Dan. puld the crown of a hat.] 1. The head;
the back part of the head. "All flaxen was his poll." Shak.

2. A number or aggregate of heads; a list or register of heads or
individuals.

    We are the greater poll, and in true fear They gave us our demands.


Shak.

    The muster file, rotten and sound, upon my life, amounts not to
    fifteen thousand poll.


Shak.

3. Specifically, the register of the names of electors who may vote in
an election.

4. The casting or recording of the votes of registered electors; as,
the close of the poll.

    All soldiers quartered in place are to remove . . . and not to
    return till one day after the poll is ended.


Blackstone.

5. pl. The place where the votes are cast or recorded; as, to go to the
polls.

6. The broad end of a hammer; the but of an ax.

7. (Zoˆl.) The European chub. See Pollard, 3 (a).

Poll book, a register of persons entitled to vote at an election. --
Poll evil (Far.), an inflammatory swelling or abscess on a horse's
head, confined beneath the great ligament of the neck. -- Poll pick
(Mining), a pole having a heavy spike on the end, forming a kind of
crowbar. -- Poll tax, a tax levied by the head, or poll; a capitation
tax.

Poll, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Polling.] 1. To
remove the poll or head of; hence, to remove the top or end of; to
clip; to lop; to shear; as, to poll the head; to poll a tree.

    When he [Absalom] pollled his head.


2 Sam. xiv. 26.

    His death did so grieve them that they polled themselves; they
    clipped off their horse and mule's hairs.


Sir T. North.

2. To cut off; to remove by clipping, shearing, etc.; to mow or crop;
-- sometimes with off; as, to poll the hair; to poll wool; to poll
grass.

    Who, as he polled off his dart's head, so sure he had decreed That
    all the counsels of their war he would poll off like it.


Chapman.

3. To extort from; to plunder; to strip. [Obs.]

    Which polls and pills the poor in piteous wise.


Spenser.

4. To impose a tax upon. [Obs.]

5. To pay as one's personal tax.

    The man that polled but twelve pence for his head.


Dryden.

6. To enter, as polls or persons, in a list or register; to enroll,
esp. for purposes of taxation; to enumerate one by one.

    Polling the reformed churches whether they equalize in number those
    of his three kingdoms.


Milton.

7. To register or deposit, as a vote; to elicit or call forth, as votes
or voters; as, he polled a hundred votes more than his opponent.

    And poll for points of faith his trusty vote.


Tickell.

8. (Law) To cut or shave smooth or even; to cut in a straight line
without indentation; as, a polled deed. See Dee&?; poll. Burrill.

To poll a jury, to call upon each member of the jury to answer
individually as to his concurrence in a verdict which has been
rendered.

Poll, v. i. To vote at an election. Beaconsfield.

Pol"lack (?), n. [Cf. G. & D. pollack, and Gael. pollag a little pool,
a sort of fish.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A marine gadoid food fish of Europe
(Pollachius virens). Called also greenfish, greenling, lait, leet, lob,
lythe, and whiting pollack. (b) The American pollock; the coalfish.

Poll"age (?), n. A head or poll tax; hence, extortion. [Obs.] Foxe.

Pol"lan (?), n. [Cf. Gael. pollag a kind of fish.] (Zoˆl.) A lake
whitefish (Coregonus pollan), native of Ireland. In appearance it
resembles a herring.

Pol"lard (?), n. [From Poll the head.] 1. A tree having its top cut off
at some height above the ground, that may throw out branches. Pennant.

2. A clipped coin; also, a counterfeit. [Obs.] Camden.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) A fish, the chub. (b) A stag that has cast its antlers.
(c) A hornless animal (cow or sheep).

Pol"lard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pollarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Pollarding.]
To lop the tops of, as trees; to poll; as, to pollard willows. Evelyn.

Poll"ax` (?), n. A poleax. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Polled (?), a. Deprived of a poll, or of something belonging to the
poll. Specifically: (a) Lopped; -- said of trees having their tops cut
off. (b) Cropped; hence, bald; -- said of a person. "The polled
bachelor." Beau. & Fl. (c) Having cast the antlers; -- said of a stag.
(d) Without horns; as, polled cattle; polled sheep.

Pol"len (?), n. [L. pollen fine flour, fine dust; cf. Gr. &?;] 1. Fine
bran or flour. [Obs.] Bailey.

2. (Bot.) The fecundating dustlike cells of the anthers of flowers. See
Flower, and Illust. of Filament.

Pollen grain (Bot.), a particle or call of pollen. -- Pollen mass, a
pollinium. Gray. -- Pollen sac, a compartment of an anther containing
pollen, -- usually there are four in each anther. -- Pollen tube, a
slender tube which issues from the pollen grain on its contact with the
stigma, which it penetrates, thus conveying, it is supposed, the
fecundating matter of the grain to the ovule.

<! p. 1109 !>

Pol`len*a"ri*ous (?), a. Consisting of meal or pollen.

Pol"lened (?), a. Covered with pollen. Tennyson.

Pol`len*if"er*ous (?), a. [Pollen + -ferous.] (Bot.) Producing pollen;
polliniferous.

Pol"len*in (?), n. [Cf. F. pollÈnine.] (Chem.) A substance found in the
pollen of certain plants. [R.]

Pol"len*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pollenized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pollenizing (?).] To supply with pollen; to impregnate with pollen.

Poll"er (?), n. [From Poll] One who polls; specifically: (a) One who
polls or lops trees. (b) One who polls or cuts hair; a barber. [R.] (c)
One who extorts or plunders. [Obs.] Baex>. (d) One who registplws
votplws, or one who enters his name as a voter.

||Pol"lex (?), n.; pl. Pollices (#). [the thumb.] (Anat.) The first, or
||preaxial, digit of the fore limb, corresponding to the hallux in the
||hind limb; the thumb. In birds, the pollex is the joint which bears
||the bastard wing.

Pol"li*cate (?), a. [L. pollex, pollicis, a thumb.] (Zoˆl.) Having a
curved projection or spine on the inner side of a leg joint; -- said of
insects.

Pol*lic`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. pollicitatio, fr. pollicitari to promise,
v. intens. fr. polliceri to promise: cf. F. pollicitation.] 1. A
voluntary engagement, or a paper containing it; a promise. Bp. Burnet.

2. (Roman Law) A promise without mutuality; a promise which has not
been accepted by the person to whom it is made. Bouvier.

Pol"li*nate (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pollinose.

Pol"li*nate (?), v. t. (Bot.) To apply pollen to (a stigma). --
Pol`li*na"tion (#), n. (Bot.)

||Pol*linc"tor (?), n. [L., fr. pollingere.] (Rom. Antiq.) One who
||prepared corpses for the funeral.

Poll"ing (?), n. [See Poll the head.] 1. The act of topping, lopping,
or cropping, as trees or hedges.

2. Plunder, or extortion. [Obs.] E. Hall.

3. The act of voting, or of registering a vote.

Polling booth, a temporary structure where the voting at an election is
done; a polling place.

Pol`li*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pollen, -inis, pollen + -ferous: cf. F.
pollinifËre.] (Bot.) Producing pollen; polleniferous.

||Pol*lin"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pollinia (#). [NL. See Pollen.] (Bot.) A
||coherent mass of pollen, as in the milkweed and most orchids.

Pol"li*nose` (?), a. [L. pollen, -inis, dust.] (Zoˆl.) Having the
surface covered with a fine yellow dust, like pollen.

{ Pol"li*wig (?), Pol"li*wog (?) }, n. [OE. polwigle. Cf. Poll head,
and Wiggle.] (Zoˆl.) A tadpole; -- called also purwiggy and porwigle.

Pol"lock (?), n. [See Pollack.] (Zoˆl.) A marine gadoid fish
(Pollachius carbonarius), native both of the European and American
coasts. It is allied to the cod, and like it is salted and dried. In
England it is called coalfish, lob, podley, podling, pollack, etc.

Pol"lu*cite (?), n. [See Pollux, and 4th Castor.] (Min.) A colorless
transparent mineral, resembling quartz, occurring with castor or
castorite on the island of Elba. It is a silicate of alumina and cÊsia.
Called also pollux.

Pol*lute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polluted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Polluting.] [L. pollutus, p. p. of polluere to defile, to pollute, from
a prep. appearing only in comp. + luere to wash. See Position, Lave.]
1. To make foul, impure, or unclean; to defile; to taint; to soil; to
desecrate; -- used of physical or moral defilement.

    The land was polluted with blood.


Ps. cvi. 38

    Wickedness . . . hath polluted the whole earth.


2 Esd. xv. 6.

2. To violate sexually; to debauch; to dishonor.

3. (Jewish Law) To render ceremonially unclean; to disqualify or unfit
for sacred use or service, or for social intercourse.

    Neither shall ye pollute the holy things of the children of Israel,
    lest ye die.


Num. xviii. 32.

    They have polluted themselves with blood.


Lam. iv. 14.

Syn. -- To defile; soil; contaminate; corrupt; taint; vitiate; debauch;
dishonor; ravish.

Pol*lute", a. [L. pollutus.] Polluted. [R.] Milton.

Pol*lut"ed, a. Defiled; made unclean or impure; debauched. --
Pol*lut"ed*ly, adv. -- Pol*lut"ed*ness, n.

Pol*lut"er (?), n. One who pollutes. Dryden.

Pol*lut"ing, a. Adapted or tending to pollute; causing defilement or
pollution. -- Pol*lut"ing*ly, adv.

Pol*lu"tion (?), n. [L. pollutio: cf. F. pollution.] 1. The act of
polluting, or the state of being polluted (in any sense of the verb);
defilement; uncleanness; impurity.

2. (Med.) The emission of semen, or sperm, at other times than in
sexual intercourse. Dunglison.

||Pol"lux (?), n. [L., the twin brother of castor; also, the
||constellation.] 1. (Astron.) A fixed star of the second magnitude, in
||the constellation Gemini. Cf. 3d Castor.

2. (Min.) Same as Pollucite.

Pol"ly (?), n. A woman's name; also, a popular name for a parrot.

Pol"ly*wog (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A polliwig.

Po"lo (?), n. [Of Eastern origin; -- properly, the ball used in the
game.] 1. A game of ball of Eastern origin, resembling hockey, with the
players on horseback.

2. A similar game played on the ice, or on a prepared floor, by players
wearing skates.

Po`lo*naise" (?), a. [F. polonais, polonaise, Polish.] Of or pertaining
to the Poles, or to Poland. [Written also Polonese.]

Po`lo*naise" (?), n. [Written also Polonese and Polonoise.] 1. The
Polish language.

2. An article of dress for women, consisting of a body and an outer
skirt in one piece.

3. (Mus.) A stately Polish dance tune, in 3-4 measure, beginning always
on the beat with a quaver followed by a crotchet, and closing on the
beat after a strong accent on the second beat; also, a dance adapted to
such music; a polacca.

Po`lo*nese" (?), a. & n. See Polonaise.

Po*lo"ny (?), n. [Prob. corrupt. fr. Bologna.] A kind of sausage made
of meat partly cooked.

Pol"ron (?), n. See Pauldron.

Polt (?), n. [Cf. E. pelt, L. pultare to beat, strike.] A blow or
thump. Halliwell. -- a. Distorted.

Pot foot, a distorted foot. Sir T. Herbert.

{ Polt"-foot` (?), Polt"-foot`ed (?), } a. Having a distorted foot, or
a clubfoot or clubfeet. B. Jonson.

Pol*troon" (?), n. [F. poltron, from It. poltrone an idle fellow,
sluggard, coward, poltro idle, lazy, also, bed, fr. OHG. polstar,
bolstar, cushion, G. polster, akin to E. bolster. See Bolster.] An
arrant coward; a dastard; a craven; a mean-spirited wretch. Shak.

Pol*troon", a. Base; vile; contemptible; cowardly.

Pol*troon"er*y (?), n. [F. poltronnerie; cf. It. poltroneria.]
Cowardice; want of spirit; pusillanimity.

Pol*troon"ish, a. Resembling a poltroon; cowardly.

Pol"ve*rine (?), n. [It. polverino, fr. polvere &?;ust, L. pulvis, -
veris. See Powder.] Glassmaker's ashes; a kind of potash or pearlash,
brought from the Levant and Syria, -- used in the manufacture of fine
glass.

Pol"wig (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A polliwig. Holland.

Pol"y- (?). [See Full, a.] A combining form or prefix from Gr. poly`s,
many; as, polygon, a figure of many angles; polyatomic, having many
atoms; polychord, polyconic.

Po"ly (?), n. [L. polium, the name of a plant, perhaps Teucrium polium,
Gr. &?;.] (Bot.) A whitish woolly plant (Teucrium Polium) of the order
LabiatÊ, found throughout the Mediterranean region. The name, with
sundry prefixes, is sometimes given to other related species of the
same genus. [Spelt also poley.]

Poly mountain. See Poly-mountain, in Vocabulary.

Pol`y*ac"id (?), a. [Poly- + acid.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing, or
of combining with, several molecules of a monobasic acid; having more
than one hydrogen atom capable of being replaced by acid radicals; --
said of certain bases; as, calcium hydrate and glycerin are polyacid
bases.

Pol`y*a*cous"tic (?), a. [Poly- + acoustic: cf. F. polyacoustique.]
Multiplying or magnifying sound. -- n. A polyacoustic instrument.

Pol`y*a*cous"tics (?), n. The art of multiplying or magnifying sounds.

||Pol`y*a"cron (?), n.; pl. Polyacra (#), E. Polyacrons (#). [NL., fr.
||Gr. poly`s many + 'a`kron summit.] (Geom.) A solid having many
||summits or angular points; a polyhedron.

||Pol`y*ac*tin"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Actinia.] (Zoˆl.) An
||old name for those Anthozoa which, like the actinias, have numerous
||simple tentacles.

||Pol`y*a*del"phi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. poly`s many + &?;
||brother.] (Bot.) A LinnÊan class of plants having stamens united in
||three or more bodies or bundles by the filaments.

{ Pol`y*a*del"phi*an (?), Pol`y*a*del"phous (?), } a. (Bot.) Belonging
to the class Polyadelphia; having stamens united in three or more
bundles.

||Pol`y*an"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polyandry.] (Bot.) A LinnÊan
||class of monoclinous or hermaphrodite plants, having many stamens, or
||any number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle.

Pol`y*an"dri*an (?), a. (Bot.) Polyandrous.

Pol`y*an"dric (?), a. [Cf. polyandrique.] Pertaining to, or
characterized by, polyandry; mating with several males. "Polyandric
societies." H. Spencer.

Pol`y*an"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to the class Polyandria; having
many stamens, or any number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle.

Pol`y*an"dry (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?;, &?;, man, male: cf. F.
polyandrie.] The possession by a woman of more than one husband at the
same time; -- contrasted with monandry.

In law, this falls under the head of polygamy.

Pol`y*an"thus (?), n.; pl. Polyanthuses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; rich in
flowers; poly`s many + &?; flower.] [Written also polyanthos.] (Bot.)
(a) The oxlip. So called because the peduncle bears a many-flowered
umbel. See Oxlip. (b) A bulbous flowering plant of the genus Narcissus
(N. Tazetta, or N. polyanthus of some authors). See Illust. of
Narcissus.

Pol"y*ar`chist (?), n. One who advocates polyarchy; -- opposed to
monarchist. Cudworth.

Pol"y*ar`chy (?), n. [Poly- + -archy: cf. F. polyarchie. Cf. Polarchy.]
A government by many persons, of whatever order or class. Cudworth.

Pol`y*a*tom"ic (?), a. [Poly- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Having more than
one atom in the molecule; consisting of several atoms. (b) Having a
valence greater than one. [Obs.]

Pol`y*au*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Poly-  + autography.] The act or practice
of multiplying copies of one's own handwriting, or of manuscripts, by
printing from stone, -- a species of lithography.

Pol`y*ba"sic (?), a. [Poly- + basic.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing,
or of combining with, several molecules of a monacid base; having
several hydrogen atoms capable of being replaced by basic radicals; --
said of certain acids; as, sulphuric acid is polybasic.

Pol`y*ba"site (?), n. [See Polybasic.] (Min.) An iron-black ore of
silver, consisting of silver, sulphur, and antimony, with some copper
and arsenic.

||Pol`y*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Branchia.] (Zoˆl.) A
||division of Nudibranchiata including those which have numerous
||branchiÊ on the back.

Pol`y*bro"mide (?), n. [Poly- + bromide.] (Chem.) A bromide containing
more than one atom of bromine in the molecule.

Pol`y*car"pel*la*ry (?), a. (Bot.) Composed of several or numerous
carpels; -- said of such fruits as the orange.

{ Pol`y*car"pic (?), Pol`y*car"pous (?), } a. [Poly- + Gr. &?; fruit.]
(Bot.) (a) Bearing fruit repeatedly, or year after year. (b) Having
several pistils in one flower.

||Pol`y*chÊ"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. poly`s many + &?; hair.]
||(Zoˆl.) One of the two principal groups of ChÊtopoda. It includes
||those that have prominent parapodia and fascicles of setÊ. See
||Illust. under Parapodia.

Pol`y*chlo"ride (?), n. [Poly- + chloride.] (Chem.) A chloride
containing more than one atom of chlorine in the molecule.

Pol`y*chúr"a*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; wide-ruling.] A government by
many chiefs, princes, or rules. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Pol"y*chord (?), a. [Gr. &?;; poly`s many + &?; string, cord.] Having
many strings.

Pol"y*chord, n. (Mus.) (a) A musical instrument of ten strings. (b) An
apparatus for coupling two octave notes, capable of being attached to a
keyed instrument.

Pol"y*chrest (?), n. [Gr. &?; useful for many purposes; poly`s many +
&?; useful, fr. &?; to use: cf. F. polychreste.] (Med.) A medicine that
serves for many uses, or that cures many diseases. [Obs.]

Polychrest salt (Old Med. Chem.), potassium sulphate, specifically
obtained by fusing niter with sulphur.

Pol"y*chro*ism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; color.] Same as Pleochroism.

Pol"y*chro*ite (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; color: cf. F. polychroÔte.]
(Chem.) The coloring matter of saffron; -- formerly so called because
of the change of color on treatment with certain acids; -- called also
crocin, and safranin.

Pol`y*chro"mate (?), n. [See Polychromic.] (Chem.) A salt of a
polychromic acid.

Pol`y*chro"mate, n. [See Polychromatic.] (Chem.) A compound which
exhibits, or from which may be prepared, a variety of colors, as
certain solutions derived from vegetables, which display colors by
fluorescence.

Pol`y*chro*mat"ic (?), a. [Poly- + chromatic.] Showing a variety, or a
change, of colors.

Polychromatic acid (Old Chem.), a substance obtained by the action of
nitric acid on aloes.

Pol"y*chrome (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; color.] (Chem.) Esculin; -- so
called in allusion to its fluorescent solutions. [R.]

Pol"y*chrome, a. [Cf. F. polychrome.] Executed in the manner of
polychromy; as, polychrome printing.

Pol`y*chro"mic (?), a. [Poly- + (sense 1) Gr. &?;, or (sense 2)
chromic.] 1. Polychromatic.

2. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, any one of several acids
(known only in their salts) which contain more than one atom of
chromium.

Pol`y*chro"mous (?), a. Of or pertaining to polychromy; many-colored;
polychromatic.

Pol"y*chro`my (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; color.] (Anc. Art) The art or
practice of combining different colors, especially brilliant ones, in
an artistic way.

Pol`y*chro"ni*ous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?; for a long time, &?; time.]
Enduring through a long time; chronic.

Pol`y*clin"ic (?), n. [Poly- + clinic.] (Med.) A clinic in which
diseases of many sorts are treated; especially, an institution in which
clinical instruction is given in all kinds of disease.

Pol`y*con"ic (?), a. [Poly- + conic.] Pertaining to, or based upon,
many cones.

Polyconic projection (Map Making), a projection of the earth's surface,
or any portion thereof, by which each narrow zone is projected upon a
conical surface that touches the sphere along this zone, the conical
surface being then unrolled. This projection differs from conic
projection in that latter assumes but one cone for the whole map.
Polyconic projection is that in use in the United States coast and
geodetic survey.

Pol`y*cot`y*le"don (?), n. [Poly- + cotyledon: cf. F. polycotylÈdone.]
(Bot.) A plant that has many, or more than two, cotyledons in the seed.
-- Pol`y*cot`y*led"on*ous (#), a.

Pol`y*cot`y*led"on*a*ry (?), a. [Poly- + cotyledonary.] (Anat.) Having
the villi of the placenta collected into definite patches, or
cotyledons.

Po*lyc"ra*cy (?), n. [Poly- + -cracy, as in democracy.] Government by
many rulers; polyarchy.

<! p. 1110 !>

Pol`y*crot"ic (pl`*krt"k), a. [Poly- + Gr. krotei^n to beat.]
(Physiol.) Of or pertaining to polycrotism; manifesting polycrotism;
as, a polycrotic pulse; a polycrotic pulse curve.

Po*lyc"ro*tism (?), n. (Physiol.) That state or condition of the pulse
in which the pulse curve, or sphygmogram, shows several secondary
crests or elevations; -- contrasted with monocrotism and dicrotism.

Pol`y*cys"tid (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) One of the Polycystidea. (b) One of
the Polycystina. -- a. Pertaining to the Polycystidea, or the
Polycystina.

||Pol`y*cys*tid"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Cystidea.] (Zoˆl.)
||A division of GregarinÊ including those that have two or more
||internal divisions of the body.

||Pol`y*cys*ti"na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Cyst.] (Zoˆl.) A
||division of Radiolaria including numerous minute marine species. The
||skeleton is composed of silica, and is often very elegant in form and
||sculpture. Many have been found in the fossil state.

Pol`y*cys"tine (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the Polycystina. -- n. One
of the Polycystina.

||Pol`y*cyt*ta"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. poly`s many + &?;, dim.
||fr. &?; a hollow vessel.] (Zoˆl.) A division of Radiolaria. It
||includes those having one more central capsules.

Pol`y*dac"tyl*ism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; finger: cf. F.
polydactylisme.] (Anat.) The possession of more that the normal number
of digits.

||Pol`y*dip"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. poly`s much + &?; thirst.]
||(Med.) Excessive and constant thirst occasioned by disease.

Pol`y*e"dron (?), n. See Polyhedron.

Pol`y*e"drous (?), a. See Polyhedral.

Pol`y*ei"dic (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?; form.] (Zoˆl.) Passing through
several distinct larval forms; -- having several distinct kinds of
young.

Pol`y*ei"dism (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The quality or state of being polyeidic.

Pol`y*em"bry*o*nate (?), a. [Poly-  + embryonate.] (Bot.) Consisting
of, or having, several embryos; polyembryonic.

Pol`y*em`bry*on"ic (?), a. [Poly- + embryonic.] (Bot.) Polyembryonate.

Pol`y*em"bry*o*ny (?), n. [See Poly- , and Embryo.] (Bot.) The
production of two or more embryos in one seed, due either to the
existence and fertilization of more than one embryonic sac or to the
origination of embryos outside of the embryonic sac.

Pol"y*foil (?), n. [Poly- + foil, n.] (Arch.) Same as Multifoil.

||Po*lyg"a*la (?), n. [L., milkwort, fr. Gr. &?;; poly`s much + &?;
||milk.] A genus of bitter herbs or shrubs having eight stamens and a
||two-celled ovary (as the Seneca snakeroot, the flowering wintergreen,
||etc.); milkwort.

Pol`y*ga*la"ceous (?), a. Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants
(PolygalaceÊ) of which Polygala is the type.

Po*lyg"a*lic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from,
Polygala; specifically, designating an acrid glucoside (called
polygalic acid, senegin, etc.), resembling, or possibly identical with,
saponin.

||Pol`y*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polygamous.] (Bot.) (a) A LinnÊan
||class of plants, characterized by having both hermaphrodite and
||unisexual flowers on the same plant. (b) A name given by LinnÊus to
||file orders of plants having syngenesious flowers.

Pol`y*ga"mi*an (?), a. (Bot.) Polygamous.

Po*lyg"a*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. polygamiste, polygame, Gr. &?;, a.] One
who practices polygamy, or maintains its lawfulness.

Po*lyg"a*mize (?), v. i. To practice polygamy; to marry several wives.
Sylvester. Coleridge.

Po*lyg"a*mous (?), a. [Gr. &?; living &?; polygamy; poly`s many + &?;
marriage. Cf. Bigamy.]

1. Of or pertaining to polygamy; characterized by, or involving,
polygamy; having a plurality of wives; as, polygamous marriages; --
opposed to monogamous.

2. (Zoˆl.) Pairing with more than one female.

    Most deer, cattle, and sheep are polygamous.


Darwin.

3. (Bot.) Belonging to the Polygamia; bearing both hermaphrodite and
unisexual flowers on the same plant.

Po*lyg"a*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;; cf. F. polygamie.] 1. The having of a
plurality of wives or husbands at the same time; usually, the marriage
of a man to more than one woman, or the practice of having several
wives, at the same time; -- opposed to monogamy; as, the nations of the
East practiced polygamy. See the Note under Bigamy, and cf. Polyandry.

2. (Zoˆl.) The state or habit of having more than one mate.

3. (Bot.) The condition or state of a plant which bears both perfect
and unisexual flowers.

Pol`y*gas"tri*an (pl`*gs"tr*an), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Polygastrica.
[Obs.]

Pol`y*gas"tric (-trk), a. [Poly- + gastric: cf. F. polygastrique.] 1.
(Anat.) Having several bellies; -- applied to muscles which are made up
of several bellies separated by short tendons.

2. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the Polygastrica. [Obs.]

Pol`y*gas"tric (pl`*gs"trk), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Polygastrica.

||Pol`y*gas"tri*ca (-tr*k), n. pl. [NL. So called because they were
||supposed to have several stomachs, or digestive cavities.] (Zoˆl.)
||The Infusoria. [Obs.]

{ Pol`y*gen"e*sis (-jn"*ss), Po*lyg"e*ny (p*lj"*n), } n. [Poly- +
genesis, or root of Gr. gi`gnesqai to be born.] (Biol.) The theory that
living organisms originate in cells or embryos of different kinds,
instead of coming from a single cell; -- opposed to monogenesis.

Pol`y*ge*net"ic (?), a. 1. Having many distinct sources; originating at
various places or times.

2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to polygenesis; polyphyletic.

Polygenetic mountain range (Geol.), one which is composite, or consists
of two or more monogenetic ranges, each having had its own history of
development. Dana.

Pol`y*gen"ic (-jn"k), a. (Biol.) Of or relating to polygeny;
polygenetic.

Po*lyg"e*nism (p*lj"*nz'm), n. [Cf. F. polygÈnisme.] (Biol.) The
doctrine that animals of the same species have sprung from more than
one original pair.

Po*lyg"e*nist (-nst), n. (Biol.) One who maintains that animals of the
same species have sprung from more than one original pair; -- opposed
to monogenist.

Po*lyg"e*nous (?), a. [Poly- + -genous: cf. Gr. &?; of many families.]
Consisting of, or containing, many kinds; as, a polygenous mountain.
Kirwan.

Pol"y*glot (?), a. [Gr. poly`glwttos many-tongued; poly`s many +
glw^tta, glw^ssa, tongue, language: cf. F. polyglotte.] 1. Containing,
or made up, of, several languages; as, a polyglot lexicon, Bible.

2. Versed in, or speaking, many languages.

Pol"y*glot, n. 1. One who speaks several languages. [R.] "A polyglot,
or good linguist." Howell.

2. A book containing several versions of the same text, or containing
the same subject matter in several languages; esp., the Scriptures in
several languages.

    Enriched by the publication of polyglots.


Abp. Newcome.

Pol`y*glot"tous (?), a. [See Polyglot.] Speaking many languages;
polyglot. [R.] "The polyglottous tribes of America." Max M¸ller.

Pol"y*gon (?), n. [Gr. poly`gwnos polygonal; poly`s many + gwni`a
angle: cf. F. polygone.] (Geom.) A plane figure having many angles, and
consequently many sides; esp., one whose perimeter consists of more
than four sides; any figure having many angles.

Polygon of forces (Mech.), a polygonal figure, the sides of which,
taken successively, represent, in length and direction, several forces
acting simultaneously upon one point, so that the side necessary to
complete the figure represents the resultant of those forces. Cf.
Parallelogram of forces, under Parallelogram.

Pol`y*go*na"ceous (?), a. [See Polygonum.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a
natural order of apetalous plants (PolygonaceÊ), of which the knotweeds
(species of Polygonum) are the type, and which includes also the docks
(Rumex), the buckwheat, rhubarb, sea grape (Coccoloba), and several
other genera.

Po*lyg"o*nal (?), a. Having many angles.

Polygonal numbers, certain figurate numbers. See under Figurate.

Pol`y*go*neu"tic (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?; offspring.] (Zoˆl.) Having
two or more broods in a season.

Pol`y*go*nom"e*try (?), n. [Polygon + -metry.] The doctrine of
polygons; an extension of some of the principles of trigonometry to the
case of polygons.

Po*lyg"o*nous (?), a. Polygonal.

||Po*lyg"o*num (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a kind of plant; poly`s many +
||go`ny the knee, a joint of a plant. So called in allusion to the
||numerous joints.] (Bot.) A genus of plants embracing a large number
||of species, including bistort, knotweed, smartweed, etc.

Po*lyg"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Polygonum.

||Pol`y*gor"di*us (?), n. [NL. See Poly-, and Gordius.] (Zoˆl.) A genus
||of marine annelids, believed to be an ancient or ancestral type. It
||is remarkable for its simplicity of structure and want of parapodia.
||It is the type of the order Archiannelida, or Gymnotoma. See Loeven's
||larva.

Pol"y*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?; marked with many stripes; poly`s many + &?;
a line.] A figure consisting of many lines. [R.] Barlow.

Pol"y*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; writing much; poly`s much, many + &?; to
write: cf. F. polygraphe.] 1. An instrument for multiplying copies of a
writing; a manifold writer; a copying machine.

2. In bibliography, a collection of different works, either by one or
several authors. Brande & C.

{ Pol`y*graph"ic (?), Pol`y*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F.
polygraphique.] Pertaining to, or employed in, polygraphy; as, a
polygraphic instrument.

2. Done with a polygraph; as, a polygraphic copy.

Po*lyg"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; poly`s much + gra`fein to write: cf. F.
polygraphie.] 1. Much writing; writing of many books. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. The art of writing in various ciphers, and of deciphering the same.
[R.]

3. The art or practice of using a polygraph.

Pol"y*grooved` (?), a. [Poly- + groove.] Having many grooves; as, a
polygrooved rifle or gun (referring to the rifling).

Pol"y*gyn (?), n. [Cf. F. polygyne. See Polygyny.] (Bot.) A plant of
the order Polygynia.

||Pol`y*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polygyny.] (Bot.) A LinnÊan order
||of plants having many styles.

{ Pol`y*gyn"i*an (?), Po*lyg"y*nous (?), } a. (Bot.) Having many
styles; belonging to the order Polygynia.

Po*lyg"y*nist (?), n. One who practices or advocates polygyny. H.
Spenser.

Po*lyg"y*ny (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; woman, wife.] The state or
practice of having several wives at the same time; marriage to several
wives. H. Spenser.

Pol`y*ha"lite (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; salt.] (Min.) A mineral usually
occurring in fibrous masses, of a brick-red color, being tinged with
iron, and consisting chiefly of the sulphates of lime, magnesia, and
soda.

{ Pol`y*he"dral (?), Pol`y*hed"ric*al (?), } a. [See Polyhedron.]
(Geom.) Having many sides, as a solid body.

Polyhedral angle, an angle bounded by three or more plane angles having
a common vertex.

Pol`y*he"dron (?), n.; pl. E. Polyhedrons. (#), L. Polyhedra (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr. &?; with many seats or sides; poly`s many + &?; a seat or side:
cf. F. polyËdre.] 1. (Geom.) A body or solid contained by many sides or
planes.

2. (Opt.) A polyscope, or multiplying glass.

Pol`y*he"drous (?), a. Polyhedral.

Pol`y*his"tor (?), n. [Gr. &?; very learned.] One versed in various
learning. [R.]

Pol`y*hym"ni*a (?), n. [L., from Gr. &?;; poly`s many + &?; hymn.]
(Anc. Myth.) The Muse of lyric poetry.

Pol`y*i"o*dide (?), n. (Chem.) A iodide having more than one atom of
iodine in the molecule.

Po*lyl"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; poly`s much + &?; discourse.]
Talkativeness. [R.]

Po*lyl"o*quent (?), a. [Poly- + L. loquens, p. pr. of logui to speak.]
Garrulous; loquacious. [R.]

Pol`y*mas"tism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; a breast.] (Anat.) The
condition of having more than two mammÊ, or breasts.

Pol`y*math"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. polymathique. See Polymathy.] Pertaining
to polymathy; acquainted with many branches of learning.

Po*lym"a*thist (?), n. One versed in many sciences; a person of various
learning.

Po*lym"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; poly`s much + &?;, &?;, to learn.] The
knowledge of many arts and sciences; variety of learning. Johnson.

Pol`y*me*nis"cous (?), a. [See Poly- , and Meniscus.] (Zoˆl.) Having
numerous facets; -- said of the compound eyes of insects and
crustaceans.

Pol"y*mer (?), n. [See Polymeric.] (Chem.) Any one of two or more
substances related to each other by polymerism; specifically, a
substance produced from another substance by chemical polymerization.
[Formerly also written polymere.]

Pol`y*mer"ic (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?; part.] (Chem.) Having the same
percentage composition (that is, having the same elements united in the
same proportion by weight), but different molecular weights; -- often
used with with; thus, cyanic acid (CNOH), fulminic acid (C2N2O2H2), and
cyanuric acid (C3N3O3H3), are polymeric with each other.

The figures expressing the number of atoms of each element in a number
of polymeric substances are respectively multiples and factors of each
other, or have some simple common divisor. The relation may be merely a
numerical one, as in the example given above, or a chemical one, as in
the case of aldehyde, paraldehyde, and metaldehyde.

Po*lym"er*ism (?), n. (Chem.) (a) The state, quality, or relation of
two or more polymeric substances. (b) The act or process of forming
polymers.

Pol`y*mer`i*za"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act or process of changing to a
polymeric form; the condition resulting from such change.

Pol"y*mer*ize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To cause polymerization of; to produce
polymers from; to increase the molecular weight of, without changing
the atomic proportions; thus, certain acids polymerize aldehyde.

Pol"y*mer*ize, v. i. (Chem.) To change into another substance having
the same atomic proportions, but a higher molecular weight; to undergo
polymerization; thus, aldehyde polymerizes in forming paraldehyde.

Po*lym"er*ous (?), a. 1. (Bot.) Having many parts or members in each
set. Gray.

2. (Chem.) Polymeric. [Obs.]

Po*lym"ni*a (?), n. See Polyhymnia.

Pol"ym*nite (?), n. [Gr. &?; full of moss; poly`s much + &?; moss.]
(Min.) A stone marked with dendrites and black lines, and so disposed
as to represent rivers, marshes, etc.

Pol"y*morph (?), n. [Gr. &?; multiform; poly`s many + &?; form: cf. F.
polymorphe.] (Crystallog.) A substance capable of crystallizing in
several distinct forms; also, any one of these forms. Cf. Allomorph.

Pol`y*mor"phic (?), a. Polymorphous.

Pol`y*mor"phism (?), n. 1. (Crystallog.) Same as Pleomorphism.

2. (Biol.) (a) The capability of assuming different forms; the
capability of widely varying in form. (b) Existence in many forms; the
coexistence, in the same locality, of two or more distinct forms
independent of sex, not connected by intermediate gradations, but
produced from common parents.

||Pol`y*mor*pho"sis (?), n. [NL. See Poly-, and Morphosis.] (Zoˆl.) The
||assumption of several structural forms without a corresponding
||difference in function; -- said of sponges, etc.

Pol`y*mor"phous (?), a. 1. Having, or assuming, a variety of forms,
characters, or styles; as, a polymorphous author. De Quincey.

2. (Biol.) Having, or occurring in, several distinct forms; -- opposed
to monomorphic.

<! p. 1111 !>

Pol"y*mor`phy (?), n. Existence in many forms; polymorphism.

Po`ly-moun"tain (?), n. (Bot.) (a) Same as Poly, n. (b) The closely
related Teucrium montanum, formerly called Polium montanum, a plant of
Southern Europe. (c) The Bartsia alpina, a low purple-flowered herb of
Europe.

||Pol`y*my"o*dÊ (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polymyoid.] (Zoˆl.) Same as
||Oscines.

Pol`y*my"o*dous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Polymyoid.

Po*lym"y*oid (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?;, &?;, muscle + -oid.] (Zoˆl.)
Having numerous vocal muscles; of or pertaining to the PolymyodÊ.

Pol"y*neme (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; thread.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of
numerous species of tropical food fishes of the family PolynemidÊ. They
have several slender filaments, often very long, below the pectoral
fin. Some of them yield isinglass of good quality. Called also
threadfish.

Pol`y*ne"moid (?), a. [Polyneme + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to
the polynemes, or the family PolynemidÊ.

Pol`y*ne"sian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Polynesia (the islands of the
eastern and central Pacific), or to the Polynesians.

Pol`y*ne"sians (?), n. pl.; sing. Polynesian. (Ethnol.) The race of men
native in Polynesia.

Po*lyn"i*a (?), n. [Russ. poluineia a warm place in water, i. e., a
place which does not freeze.] The open sea supposed to surround the
north pole. Kane.

Pol`y*no"mi*al (?), n. [Poly- + -nomial, as in monomial, binomial: cf.
F. polynÙme.] (Alg.) An expression composed of two or more terms,
connected by the signs plus or minus; as, a2 - 2ab + b2.

Pol`y*no"mi*al, a. 1. Containing many names or terms; multinominal; as,
the polynomial theorem.

2. Consisting of two or more words; having names consisting of two or
more words; as, a polynomial name; polynomial nomenclature.

Pol`y*nu"cle*ar (?), a. [Poly- + nuclear.] (Biol.) Containing many
nuclei.

Pol`y*nu*cle"o*lar (?), a. [Poly- + nucleolar.] (Biol.) Having more
than one nucleolus.

Pol`y*om"ma*tous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?;, &?;, the eye.] Having many
eyes.

Pol`y*on"o*mous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?;, &?;, name: cf. Gr. &?;.]
Having many names or titles; polyonymous. Sir W. Jones.

Pol`y*on"o*my (?), n. [Cf. Gr. &?; a multitude of names.] The use of a
variety of names for the same object. G. S. Faber.

Pol"y*o*nym (?), n. 1. An object which has a variety of names.

2. A polynomial name or term.

Pol`y*on"y*mous, a. Polyonomous.

{ Pol`y*op"tron (?), Pol`y*op"trum (?), } n. [NL., from Gr. poly`s many
+ &?; seen.] (Opt.) A glass through which objects appear multiplied,
but diminished in size. [R.]

Pol`y*o*ra"ma (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; a sight, view.] A view of many
objects; also, a sort of panorama with dissolving views.

Pol"yp (?), n. [L. polypus, Gr. &?;, &?;, literally, many-footed;
poly`s many + &?;, &?;, foot: cf. F. polype. See Poly- and Foot, and
cf. Polypode, Polypody, Poulp.] (Zoˆl.) (a) One of the feeding or
nutritive zooids of a hydroid or coral. (b) One of the Anthozoa. (c)
pl. Same as Anthozoa. See Anthozoa, Madreporaria, Hydroid. [Written
also polype.]

Fresh-water polyp, the hydra. -- Polyp stem (Zoˆl.), that portion of
the stem of a siphonophore which bears the polypites, or feeding
zooids.

Po*lyp"a*rous (?), a. [Poly- + L. parere to produce.] Producing or
bearing a great number; bringing forth many.

Pol"y*pa*ry (?), n.; pl. Polyparies (#). [See Polyp.] (Zoˆl.) Same as
Polypidom.

Pol"ype (?), n. [F.] (Zoˆl.) See Polyp.

Pol`y*pe"an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to a polyp, or polyps.

Pol`y*pe*ryth"rin (?), n. [Polyp + Gr. &?; red.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
coloring matter found in many simple Anthozoa and some hydroids.

Pol`y*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Poly- + petal.] (Bot.) Consisting of, or
having, several or many separate petals; as, a polypetalous corolla,
flower, or plant. Martyn.

Po*lyph"a*gous (?), a. [L. polyphagus, Gr. &?;; poly`s much, many + &?;
to eat: cf. F. polyphage.] Eating, or subsisting on, many kinds of
food; as, polyphagous animals.

Po*lyph""a*gy (?), n. The practice or faculty of subsisting on many
kinds of food.

Pol`y*phar"ma*cy (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; the using of medicine, fr.
&?; medicine: cf. F. polypharmacie.] (Med.) (a) The act or practice of
prescribing too many medicines. (b) A prescription made up of many
medicines or ingredients. Dunglison.

Pol`y*phe"mus (?), n. [L. Polyphemus the one-eyed Cyclops who was
blinded by Ulysses.] (Zoˆl.) A very large American moth (Telea
polyphemus) belonging to the Silkworm family (BombycidÊ). Its larva,
which is very large, bright green, with silvery tubercles, and with
oblique white stripes on the sides, feeds on the oak, chestnut, willow,
cherry, apple, and other trees. It produces a large amount of strong
silk. Called also American silkworm.

Pol"y*phone (?), n. A character or vocal sign representing more than
one sound, as read, which is pronounced rd or rd.

Pol`y*phon"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;; poly`s many + &?; sound: cf. F.
polyphone.] 1. Having a multiplicity of sounds.

2. Characterized by polyphony; as, Assyrian polyphonic characters.

3. (Mus.) Consisting of several tone series, or melodic parts,
progressing simultaneously according to the laws of counterpoint;
contrapuntal; as, a polyphonic composition; -- opposed to homophonic,
or monodic.

Po*lyph"o*nism (?), n. Polyphony.

Po*lyph"o*nist (?), n. 1. A proficient in the art of multiplying
sounds; a ventriloquist.

2. (Mus.) A master of polyphony; a contrapuntist.

Po*lyph"o*nous (?), a. Same as Polyphonic.

Po*lyph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] 1. Multiplicity of sounds, as in the
reverberations of an echo.

2. Plurality of sounds and articulations expressed by the same vocal
sign.

3. (Mus.) Composition in mutually related, equally important parts
which share the melody among them; contrapuntal composition; -- opposed
to homophony, in which the melody is given to one part only, the others
filling out the harmony. See Counterpoint.

Pol"y*phore (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; to bear.] (Bot.) A receptacle
which bears many ovaries.

Pol`y*phy*let"ic (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?; clan.] (Biol.) Pertaining to,
or characterized by, descent from more than one root form, or from many
different root forms; polygenetic; -- opposed to monophyletic.

Po*lyph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; poly`s many + &?; leaf.] (Bot.)
Many-leaved; as, a polyphyllous calyx or perianth.

||Pol"y*pi (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) The Anthozoa.

Pol"y*pide (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the ordinary zooids of the Bryozoa.
[Spellt also polypid.]

Po*lyp"i*dom (?), n. [Polypus + L. domus house.] (Zoˆl.) A coral, or
corallum; also, one of the coral-like structure made by bryozoans and
hydroids.

||Po`ly`pier" (?), n. [F.] A polypidom.

||Pol`y*pif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) The Anthozoa.

Pol*y*pif"er*ous (?), a. [Polypus + -ferous.] (Zoˆl.) Bearing polyps,
or polypites.

Pol`y*pip"a*rous (?), a. [Polypus + L. parere to produce.] (Zoˆl.)
Producing polyps.

Pol"y*pite (?), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) (a) One of the feeding zooids, or polyps,
of a coral, hydroid, or siphonophore; a hydranth. See Illust. of
Campanularian. (b) Sometimes, the manubrium of a hydroid medusa.

2. (Paleon.) A fossil coral.

||Pol`y*pla*coph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Placophora.]
||(Zoˆl.) See Placophora.

Pol`y*plas"tic (?), a. [Poly- + -plastic.] (Biol.) Assuming, or having
the power of assuming, many forms; as, a polyplastic element which does
not preserve its original shape.

Pol`y*pode (?), n. [Cf. F. polypode. See Polypody.] (Bot.) A plant of
the genus Polypodium; polypody. [Written also polypod.]

Pol"y*pode, n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, the wood louse, milleped: cf. F.
polypode. See Polyp.] (Zoˆl.) An animal having many feet; a myriapod.

Pol"y*po`di*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. of &?;. See Polyp, and
cf. 2d Polypode.] (Bot.) A genus of plants of the order Filices or
ferns. The fructifications are in uncovered roundish points, called
sori, scattered over the inferior surface of the frond or leaf. There
are numerous species.

Pol"y*po`dy (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Polypodium.

Pol"y*poid (?), a. [Polyp + - oid.] 1. (Zoˆl.) Like a polyp; having the
nature of a polyp, but lacking the tentacles or other parts.

2. (Med.) Resembling a polypus in appearance; having a character like
that of a polypus.

||Pol`y*po*me*du"sÊ (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polyp, and Medusa.] (Zoˆl.)
||Same as Hydrozoa.

Po*lyp"o*rous (?; 277), a. [Poly- + porous.] Having many pores. Wright.

||Po*lyp"o*rus (?), n.; pl. Polypori (#). [NL., fr. Gr. poly`s many +
||&?; a pore.] (Bot.) A genus of fungi having the under surface full of
||minute pores; also, any fungus of this genus.

Polyporus fomentarius was formerly dried and cut in slices for tinder,
called amadou. P. betulinus is common in America, and forms very large
thick white semicircular excrescences on birch trees. Several species
of Polyporous are considered edible.

Pol"y*pous (?), a. [Cf. F. polypeux. See Polyp.] Of the nature of a
polypus; having many feet or roots, like the polypus; affected with
polypus.

{ Pol`y*prag*mat"ic (?), Pol`y*prag*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Poly- +
pragmatic, - ical.] Overbusy; officious. [R.] Heywood.

Pol`y*prag"ma*ty (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; business.] The state of being
overbusy. [R.]

||Pol`y*pro`to*don"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. poly`s many + &?; first
||+ &?;, &?;, tooth.] (Zoˆl.) A division of marsupials in which there
||are more fore incisor teeth in each jaw.

||Po*lyp`te*roi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polypterus, and -oid.]
||(Zoˆl.) A suborder of existing ganoid fishes having numerous fins
||along the back. The bichir, or Polypterus, is the type. See Illust.
||under Crossopterygian.

Po*lyp`te*rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. poly`s many + &?; feather, wing.]
(Zoˆl.) An African genus of ganoid fishes including the bichir.

||Pol`yp*to"ton (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; having, or being in, many
||cases; poly`s many + &?; case.] (Rhet.) A figure by which a word is
||repeated in different forms, cases, numbers, genders, etc., as in
||Tennyson's line, -- "My own heart's heart, and ownest own, farewell."

Pol"y*pus (?), n.; pl. E. Polypuses (#), L. Polypi (#). [L. See Polyp.]
1. (Zoˆl.) Same as Polyp.

2. (Med.) A tumor, usually with a narrow base, somewhat resembling a
pear, -- found in the nose, uterus, etc., and produced by hypertrophy
of some portion of the mucous membrane.

Pol`y*rhi"zous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; poly`s many + &?; root.] (Bot.) Having
numerous roots, or rootlets.

Pol`y*sche"ma*tist (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?; form, manner.] Having, or
existing in, many different forms or fashions; multiform.

Pol"y*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; farseeing; poly`s much, many + &?; to
view: cf. F. polyscope.] 1. (Opt.) A glass which makes a single object
appear as many; a multiplying glass. Hutton.

2. (Med.) An apparatus for affording a view of the different cavities
of the body.

Pol`y*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Poly- + sepal.] (Bot.) Having the sepals
separate from each other.

Pol`y*si*lic"ic (?), a. [Poly- + silicic.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to
compounds formed by the condensation of two or more molecules of
silicic acid.

Polysilicic acid (Chem.), any one of a series of acids formed by the
condensation of two or more molecules of silicic acid, with elimination
of water.

Pol"y*spast (?), n. [L. polyspaston, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; drawn by
several cords; poly`s many + &?; to draw: cf. F. polyspaste.] (Surg.) A
machine consisting of many pulleys; specifically, an apparatus formerly
used for reducing luxations.

Pol`y*sper"mous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; poly`s many + &?; seed.] (Bot.)
Containing many seeds; as, a polyspermous capsule or berry. Martyn.

Pol"y*sper`my (?), n. (Biol.) Fullness of sperm, or seed; the passage
of more than one spermatozoˆn into the vitellus in the impregnation of
the ovum.

Pol`y*spor"ous (?), a. [Poly- + spore.] (Bot.) Containing many spores.

||Pol`y*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. poly`s many + &?;, &?;,
||mouth.] (Zoˆl.) A division of trematode worms having more two
||suckers. Called also Polystomea and Polystoma.

Pol"y*stome (?), a. [Gr. &?; many- mouthed; poly`s + sto`ma mouth.]
(Zoˆl.) Having many mouths.

Pol"y*stome, n. (Zoˆl.) An animal having many mouths; -- applied to
Protozoa.

Pol"y*style (?), a. [Gr. &?; with many columns; poly`s many + &?;
column: cf. F. polystyle.] (Arch.) Having many columns; -- said of a
building, especially of an interior part or court; as, a polystyle
hall. -- n. A polystyle hall or edifice.

Pol`y*sul"phide (?), n. [Poly- + sulphide.] (Chem.) A sulphide having
more than one atom of sulphur in the molecule; -- contrasted with
monosulphide.

Pol`y*sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A polysulphide. [Obsoles.]

{ Pol`y*syl*lab"ic (?), Pol`y*syl*lab"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;; poly`s
many + &?; syllable: cf. F. polysyllabique.] Pertaining to a
polysyllable; containing, or characterized by, polysyllables;
consisting of more than three syllables.

Pol`y*syl*lab"i*cism (?), n. Polysyllabism.

Pol`y*syl`la*bic"i*ty (?), n. Polysyllabism.

Pol`y*syl"la*bism (?), n. The quality or state of being polysyllabic.

Pol"y*syl`la*ble (?), n. [Poly- + syllable.] A word of many syllables,
or consisting of more syllables than three; -- words of less than four
syllables being called monosyllables, dissyllables, and trisyllables.

Pol`y*syn*det"ic (?), a. Characterized by polysyndeton, or the
multiplication of conjunctions. -- Pol`y*syn*det"ic*al*ly (#), adv.

||Pol`y*syn"de*ton (?), n. [NL., from Gr. poly`s many + &?; bound
||together, fr. &?; to bind together; &?; with + &?; to bind.] (Rhet.)
||A figure by which the conjunction is often repeated, as in the
||sentence, "We have ships and men and money and stores." Opposed to
||asyndeton.

Pol`y*syn"the*sis (?), n. [Poly- + synthesis.] 1. The act or process of
combining many separate elements into a whole.

2. (Philol.) The formation of a word by the combination of several
simple words, as in the aboriginal languages of America; agglutination.
Latham.

Pol`y*syn*thet"ic (-sn*tht"k), a. [Poly- + synthetic.] Characterized by
polysynthesis; agglutinative.

Polysynthetic twinning (Min.), repeated twinning, like that of the
triclinic feldspar, producing fine parallel bands in alternately
reversed positions.

Pol`y*syn*thet"i*cism (-*sz'm), n. Polysynthesis.

<! p. 1112 !>

Pol`y*tech"nic (pl`*tk"nk), a. [Gr. poly`technos; poly`s many + te`chnh
an art: cf. F. polytechnique.] Comprehending, or relating to, many arts
and sciences; -- applied particularly to schools in which many branches
of art and science are taught with especial reference to their
practical application; also to exhibitions of machinery and industrial
products.

Pol`y*tech"nic*al (?), a. Polytechnic.

Pol`y*tech"nics (?), n. The science of the mechanic arts.

||Pol`y*tha*la"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polythalamous.] (Zoˆl.) A
||division of Foraminifera including those having a manychambered
||shell.

Pol`y*thal"a*mous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?; a chamber.] (Zoˆl.)
Many-chambered; -- applied to shells of Foraminifera and cephalopods.
See Illust. of Nautilus.

Pol"y*the*ism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; cf. F. polythÈisme.] The
doctrine of, or belief in, a plurality of gods.

    In the Old Testament, the gradual development of polytheism from
    the primitive monotheism may be learned.


Shaff-Herzog.

Pol"y*the*ist, n. [Cf. F. polythÈiste.] One who believes in, or
maintains the doctrine of, a plurality of gods.

{ Pol`y*the*is"tic (?), Pol`y*the*is"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining
to polytheism; characterized by polytheism; professing or advocating
polytheism; as, polytheistic worship; a polytheistic author, or nation.
-- Pol`y*the*is"tic*al*ly, adv.

Pol"y*the*ize (?), v. i. To adhere to, advocate, or inculcate, the
doctrine of polytheism. Milman.

Pol`y*the"lism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. qhlh` a nipple.] (Anat.) The
condition of having more than two teats, or nipples.

Po*lyt"o*cous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; poly`s many + &?; offspring.] 1. (Bot.)
Bearing fruit repeatedly, as most perennial plants; polycarpic.

2. (Zoˆl.) Producing many or young.

Po*lyt"o*mous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?; a cutting, fr. &?; to cut.]
(Bot.) Subdivided into many distinct subordinate parts, which, however,
not being jointed to the petiole, are not true leaflets; -- said of
leaves. Henslow.

Po*lyt"o*my (?), n. (Logic) A division into many members. F. Bowen.

Pol`y*tung"state (?), n. A salt of polytungstic acid.

Pol`y*tung"stic (?), a. (Chem.) Containing several tungsten atoms or
radicals; as, polytungstic acid.

Polytungstic acid (Chem.), any one of several complex acids of tungsten
containing more than one atom of tungsten.

Pol"y*type (?), n. [Poly- + - type.] (Print.) A cast, or facsimile
copy, of an engraved block, matter in type, etc. (see citation); as, a
polytype in relief.

    By pressing the wood cut into semifluid metal, an intaglio matrix
    is produced: and from this matrix, in a similar way, a polytype in
    relief is obtained.


Hansard.

Pol"y*type, a. (Print.) Of or pertaining to polytypes; obtained by
polytyping; as, a polytype plate.

Pol"y*type, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polytyped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Polytyping (?).] (Print.) To produce a polytype of; as, to polytype an
engraving.

||Pol`y*u"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Poly- , and Urine.] (Med.) A
||persistently excessive flow of watery urine, with low specific
||gravity and without the presence of either albumin or sugar. It is
||generally accompanied with more or less thirst.

Po*lyv"a*lent (?), a. [Poly- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valent.] (Chem.)
Multivalent.

Pol"yve (?), n. [See Polive.] A pulley. [Obs.]

||Pol`y*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. poly`s many + &?; an animal.]
||(Zoˆl.) Same as Bryozoa. See Illust. under Bryozoa, and
||PhylactolÊmata.

Pol`y*zo"an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any species of Polyzoa; one of the
Polyzoa. (b) A polyzoˆn.

||Pol`y*zo*a"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Polyzoaria (#). [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as
||Polyzoary.

Pol`y*zo"a*ry (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The compound organism of a polyzoan.

Pol`y*zon"al (?), a. [Poly- + zonal.] Consisting of many zones or
rings.

Polyzonal lens (Opt.), a lens made up of pieces arranged zones or
rings, -- used in the lanterns of lighthouses.

||Pol`y*zo"ˆn (?), n.; pl. Polyzoa (#). [NL. See Polyzoan.] (Zoˆl.) One
||of the individual zooids forming the compound organism of a polyzoan.

Pom"ace (?; 277), n. [L. ponum a fruit, LL., an apple: cf. LL.
pomagium, pomacium.] The substance of apples, or of similar fruit,
crushed by grinding.

Po`ma*cen"troid (?), a. [Gr. &?; a cover + &?; a prickle + -oid.]
(Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the PomacentridÊ, a family of bright-colored
tropical fishes having spiny opercula; -- often called coral fishes.

Po*ma"ceous (?), a. [LL. ponum an apple.] 1. (Bot.) (a) Like an apple
or pear; producing pomes. (b) Of or pertaining to a suborder (PomeÊ) of
rosaceous plants, which includes the true thorn trees, the quinces,
service berries, medlars, and loquats, as well as the apples, pears,
crabs, etc.

2. Like pomace.

Po*made" (?; 277), n. [F. pommade pomatum, OF. pomade cider (cf. Sp.
pomada, It. pomata, LL. pomata a drink made of apples), from L. pomum
fruit, LL., an apple. Cf. Pomatum.] 1. Cider. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. Perfumed ointment; esp., a fragrant unguent for the hair; pomatum;
-- originally made from apples.

Po*man"der (?), n. [Sp. poma.] (a) A perfume to be carried with one,
often in the form of a ball. (b) A box to contain such perfume,
formerly carried by ladies, as at the end of a chain; -- more properly
pomander box. [Obs.] Bacon.

Po"ma*rine (?), a. [Gr. &?; a lid + &?;, &?;, nose.] (Zoˆl.) Having the
nostril covered with a scale.

Pomarine jager (Zoˆl.), a North Atlantic jager (Stercorarius pomarinus)
having the elongated middle tail feathers obtuse. The adult is black.

Po*ma"tum (?), n. [See Pomade.] A perfumed unguent or composition,
chiefly used in dressing the hair; pomade. Wiseman.

Po*ma"tum, v. t. To dress with pomatum.

Pome (?), n. [L. pomum a fruit: cf. F. pomme apple. Cf. Pomade.] 1.
(Bot.) A fruit composed of several cartilaginous or bony carpels
inclosed in an adherent fleshy mass, which is partly receptacle and
partly calyx, as an apple, quince, or pear.

2. (R. C. Ch.) A ball of silver or other metal, which is filled with
hot water, and used by the priest in cold weather to warm his hands
during the service.

Pome, v. i. [Cf. F. pommer. See Pome, n.] To grow to a head, or form a
head in growing. [Obs.]

Pome"gran`ate (?; 277), n. [OE. pomgarnet, OF. pome de grenate, F.
grenade, L. pomum a fruit + granatus grained, having many grains or
seeds. See Pome, and Garnet, Grain.] 1. (Bot.) The fruit of the tree
Punica Granatum; also, the tree itself (see Balaustine), which is
native in the Orient, but is successfully cultivated in many warm
countries, and as a house plant in colder climates. The fruit is as
large as an orange, and has a hard rind containing many rather large
seeds, each one separately covered with crimson, acid pulp.

2. A carved or embroidered ornament resembling a pomegranate. Ex.
xxviii. 33.

Pom"el (?), n. A pommel. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pom"e*lo (?), n. [Cf. Pompelmous.] A variety of shaddock, called also
grape fruit.

Pome"ly (?), a. [OF. pomelÈ, F. pommelÈ. See Pome.] Dappled. [Obs.]
"Pomely gray." Chaucer.

Pom`e*ra"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Pomerania, a province of
Prussia on the Baltic Sea. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Pomerania.

Pomeranian dog (Zoˆl.), the loup- loup, or Spitz dog.

Pome"wa`ter (?), n. A kind of sweet, juicy apple. [Written also
pomwater.] Shak.

Pom"ey (?), n.; pl. Pomeys (#). [F. pommÈ grown round, or like an
apple, p. p. of pommer to pome.] (Her.) A figure supposed to resemble
an apple; a roundel, -- always of a green color.

Pom"fret (?), n. [Perhaps corrupt. fr. Pg. pampano a kind of fish.]
(Zoˆl.) (a) One of two or more species of marine food fishes of the
genus Stromateus (S. niger, S. argenteus) native of Southern Europe and
Asia. (b) A marine food fish of Bermuda (Brama Raji).

Po*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pomifer; pomum fruit + ferre to bear: cf. F.
pomifËre.] (Bot.) (a) Bearing pomes, or applelike fruits. (b) Bearing
fruits, or excrescences, more or less resembling an apple.

Pom"mage (?; 48), n. See Pomage.

||Pom`mÈ" (?), a. [F. See Pomey.] (Her.) Having the ends terminating in
||rounded protuberances or single balls; -- said of a cross.

||Pomme` blanche" (?). [F., literally, white apple.] The prairie
||turnip. See under Prairie.

Pom"mel (?), n. [OE. pomel, OF. pomel, F. pommeau, LL. pomellus, fr. L.
pomum fruit, LL. also, an apple. See Pome.] A knob or ball; an object
resembling a ball in form; as: (a) The knob on the hilt of a sword.
Macaulay. (b) The knob or protuberant part of a saddlebow. (c) The top
(of the head). Chaucer. (d) A knob forming the finial of a turret or
pavilion.

Pom"mel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pommeled (?) or Pommelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pommeling or Pommelling.] To beat soundly, as with the pommel of a
sword, or with something knoblike; hence, to beat with the fists.
[Written also pummel.]

Pom*mel"ion (?), n. [See Pommel: cf. LL. pomilio pygmy.] (Mil.) The
cascabel, or hindmost knob, of a cannon. [R.]

||Pom`met`tÈ" (?), a. [F.] Having two balls or protuberances at each
||end; -- said of a cross.

Po`mo*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pomologique.] Of or pertaining to
pomology.

Po*mol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pomology; one who culticvates fruit
trees.

Po*mol"o*gy (?), n. [L. pomum fruit + -logy: cf. F. pomologie.] The
science of fruits; a treatise on fruits; the cultivation of fruits and
fruit trees.

Po*mo"na (?), n. [L., from pomum fruit.] (Class. Myth.) The goddess of
fruits and fruit trees.

Pomp (?), n. [OE. pompe, F. pompe, L. pompa, fr. Gr. &?; a sending, a
solemn procession, pomp, fr. &?; to send. Cf. Pump a shoe.] 1. A
procession distinguished by ostentation and splendor; a pageant. "All
the pomps of a Roman triumph." Addison.

2. Show of magnificence; parade; display; power.

Syn. -- Display; parade; pageant; pageantry; splendor; state;
magnificence; ostentation; grandeur; pride.

Pomp (?), v. i. To make a pompons display; to conduct. [Obs.] B.
Jonson.

Pom"pa*dour (?), n. A crimson or pink color; also, a style of dress cut
low and square in the neck; also, a mode of dressing the hair by
drawing it straight back from the forehead over a roll; -- so called
after the Marchioness de Pompadour of France. Also much used
adjectively.

Pom"pa*no (?), n. [Sp. p·mpano.] [Written also pampano.] (Zoˆl.) 1. Any
one of several species of marine fishes of the genus Trachynotus, of
which four species are found on the Atlantic coast of the United
States; -- called also palometa.

They have a brilliant silvery or golden luster, and are highly esteemed
as food fishes. The round pompano (T. thomboides) and the Carolina
pompano (T. Carolinus) are the most common. Other species occur on the
Pacific coast.

2. A California harvest fish (Stromateus simillimus), highly valued as
a food fish.

Pompano shell (Zoˆl.), a small bivalve shell of the genus Donax; -- so
called because eaten by the pompano. [Florida]

Pom*pat"ic (?), a. [L. pompaticus.] Pompous. [Obs.] Barrow.

Pom"pel*mous (?), n.; pl. Pompelmouses (#). [D. pompelmoes; cf. G.
pompelmuse, F. pamplemousse, and F. pompolÈon.] (Bot.) A shaddock, esp.
one of large size.

Pom"pet (?), n. [OF. pompette.] (Print.) The ball formerly used to ink
the type.

Pom"pho*lyx (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; a bubble, the slag on the surface
of smelted ore, from &?; a blister.] 1. (Old Chem.) Impure zinc oxide.

2. (Med.) A skin disease in which there is an eruption of bullÊ,
without inflammation or fever.

Pom*pil"lion (?), n. An ointment or pomatum made of black poplar buds.
[Obs.] Cotgrave.

Pom"pi*on (?), n. [OF. pompon. See Pumpkin.] See Pumpion.

Pom"pire (?), n. [L. pomum a fruit, LL. also, an apple + pirum a pear.]
A pearmain. [Obs.]

Pom*po"le*on (?), n. (Bot.) See Pompelmous.

Pom"pon (?), n. [F.] 1. Any trifling ornament for a woman's dress or
bonnet.

2. (Mil.) A tuft or ball of wool, or the like, sometimes worn by
soldiers on the front of the hat, instead of a feather.

Pom*pos"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Pomposities (&?;). The quality or state of
being pompous; pompousness. Thackeray.

||Pom*po"so (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Grand and dignified; in grand
||style.

Pomp"ous (?), a. [F. pompeux, L. pomposus. See Pomp.] 1. Displaying
pomp; stately; showy with grandeur; magnificent; as, a pompous
procession.

2. Ostentatious; pretentious; boastful; vainlorious; as, pompous
manners; a pompous style. "Pompous in high presumption." Chaucer.

    he pompous vanity of the old schoolmistress.


Thackeray.

-- Pom"ous*ly, adv. -- Pomp"ous*ness, n.

Pomp"tine (?), a. See Pontine.

Pom"wa`ter (?), n. Same as Pomewater.

Pon"cho (?), n.; pl. Ponchos (&?;). [Sp.] 1. A kind of cloak worn by
the Spanish Americans, having the form of a blanket, with a slit in the
middle for the head to pass through. A kind of poncho made of rubber or
painted cloth is used by the mounted troops in the United States
service.

2. A trade name for camlets, or stout worsteds.

Pond (?), n. [Probably originally, an inclosed body of water, and the
same word as pound. See Pound an inclosure.] A body of water, naturally
or artificially confined, and usually of less extent than a lake.
"Through pond or pool." Milton.

Pond hen (Zoˆl.), the American coot. See Coot (a). -- Pond lily (Bot.),
the water lily. See under Water, and Illust. under NymphÊa. -- Pond
snail (Zoˆl.), any gastropod living in fresh-water ponds or lakes. The
most common kinds are air- breathing snails (Pulmonifera) belonging to
LimnÊa, Physa, Planorbis, and allied genera. The operculated species
are pectinibranchs, belonging to Melantho, Valvata, and various other
genera. -- Pond spice (Bot.), an American shrub (Tetranthera
geniculata) of the Laurel family, with small oval leaves, and axillary
clusters of little yellow flowers. The whole plant is spicy. It grows
in ponds and swamps from Virginia to Florida. -- Pond tortoise, Pond
turtle (Zoˆl.), any freshwater tortoise of the family EmydidÊ. Numerous
species are found in North America.

<! p. 1113 !>

Pond (?), v. t. To make into a pond; to collect, as water, in a pond by
damming.

Pond, v. t. [See Ponder.] To ponder. [Obs.]

    Pleaseth you, pond your suppliant's plaint.


Spenser.

Pon"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pondered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pondering.] [L. ponderare, fr. pondus, ponderis, a weight, fr. pendere
to weigh: cf. F. pondÈrer. See Pendant, and cf. Pound a weight.]

1. To weigh. [Obs.]

2. To weigh in the mind; to view with deliberation; to examine
carefully; to consider attentively.

    Ponder the path of thy feet.


Prov. iv. 26.

Syn. -- To Ponder, Consider, Muse. To consider means to view or
contemplate with fixed thought. To ponder is to dwell upon with long
and anxious attention, with a view to some practical result or
decision. To muse is simply to think upon continuously with no definite
object, or for the pleasure it gives. We consider any subject which is
fairly brought before us; we ponder a concern involving great
interests; we muse on the events of childhood.

Pon"der, v. i. To think; to deliberate; to muse; -- usually followed by
on or over. Longfellow.

Pon`der*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pondÈrabilitÈ.] The quality or state
of being ponderable.

Pon"der*a*ble (?), a. [L. ponderabilis: cf. F. pondÈrable.] Capable of
being weighed; having appreciable weight. -- Pon"der*a*ble*ness, n.

Pon"der*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pondÈral.] Estimated or ascertained by
weight; -- distinguished from numeral; as, a ponderal drachma. [R.]
Arbuthnot.

Pon"der*ance (?), n. [L. ponderans, p. pr. of ponderare to weigh: cf.
OF. ponderant of weight.] Weight; gravity. [R.] Gregory.

Pon"der*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to weight; as, a ponderary
system. [R.] M'Culloch.

Pon"der*ate (?), v. t. [L. ponderatus, p. p. of ponderare. See Ponder.]
To consider; to ponder. [R.]

Pon"der*ate, v. i. To have weight or influence. [R.]

Pon`der*a"tion (?), n. [L. ponderatio: cf. F. pondÈration.] The act of
weighing. [R.] Arbuthnot.

Pon"der*er (?), n. One who ponders.

Pon"der*ing, a. Deliberating. -- Pon"der*ing*ly, adv.

Pon`der*os"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Ponderosities (#). [OF. ponderositÈ.] The
quality or state of being ponderous; weight; gravity; heaviness,
ponderousness; as, the ponderosity of gold. Ray.

Pon"der*ous (?), a. [L. ponderosus, from pondus, -eris, a weight: cf.
F. pondÈreux. See Ponder.] 1. Very heavy; weighty; as, a ponderous
shield; a ponderous load; the ponderous elephant.

    The sepulcher . . . Hath oped his ponderous and marble jaws.


Shak.

2. Important; momentous; forcible. "Your more ponderous and settled
project." Shak.

3. Heavy; dull; wanting; lightless or spirit; as, a ponderous style; a
ponderous joke.

Ponderous spar (Min.), heavy spar, or barytes. See Barite.

Pon"der*ous*ly, adv. In a ponderous manner.

Pon"der*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being ponderous;
ponderosity.

Pond"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of American
fresh-water fishes belonging to the family CentrarchidÊ; -- called also
pond perch, and sunfish.

The common pondfish of New England (Lepomis gibbosus) is called also
bream, pumpkin seed, and sunny. See Sunfish. The long-eared pondfish
(Lepomis auritus) of the Eastern United States is distinguished by its
very long opercular flap.

Pond"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Any aquatic plant of the genus Potamogeton,
of which many species are found in ponds or slow-moving rivers.

Choke pondweed, an American water weed (Anarcharis, or Elodea,
Canadensis.) See Anacharis. -- Horned pondweed, the Zannichellia
palustris, a slender, branching aquatic plant, having pointed nutlets.

Pone (pn), n. [Of Amer. Indian origin.] A kind of johnnycake. [Written
also paune.] [Southern U. S.]

Po"nent (?), a. [OF., fr. It. ponente, properly, setting (applied to
the setting sun), fr. L. ponens, p. pr. of ponere to set, put.]
Western; occidental. [R.]

    Forth rush the levant and the ponent winds.


Milton.

Pon*gee" (?), n. [Of East Indian origin.] A fabric of undyed silk from
India and China.

Pon*ghee" (?), n. [From the native name.] A Buddhist priest of the
higher orders in Burmah. Malcom.

Pon"go (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any large ape; especially, the chimpanzee and
the orang- outang.

Pon"iard (?), n. [F. poignard (cf. It. pugnale, Sp. puÒal), fr. L.
pugio, -onis; probably akin to pugnus fist, or fr. pugnus fist, as held
in the fist. See Pugnacious.] A kind of dagger, -- usually a slender
one with a triangular or square blade.

    She speaks poniards, and every word stabs.


Shak.

Pon"iard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poniarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Poniarding.]
To pierce with a poniard; to stab. Cowper.

Po`ni*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. ponere to place.] The capability of being
placed or located. [Obs.] Barrow.

||Pons (?), n.; pl. Pontes (#). [L., a bridge.] (Anat.) A bridge; --
||applied to several parts which connect others, but especially to the
||pons Varolii, a prominent band of nervous tissue situated on the
||ventral side of the medulla oblongata and connected at each side with
||the hemispheres of the cerebellum; the mesocephalon. See Brain.

||Pons asinorum. [L., literally, bridge of asses.] See Asses' bridge,
||under Ass.

Pon"tage (?; 48), n. [LL. pontagium, from L. pons, pontis, a bridge:
cf. F. pontage.] (O. Eng. Law) A duty or tax paid for repairing
bridges. Ayliffe.

Pon*tee" (?), n. [F. pontil, pontis.] (Glass Making) An iron rod used
by glass makers for manipulating the hot glass; -- called also, puntil,
puntel, punty, and ponty. See Fascet.

Pon"tic (?), a. [L. Ponticus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the sea, especially, the
Black Sea.] Of or pertaining to the Pontus, Euxine, or Black Sea.

||Pon"ti*fex (?), n.; pl. Pontifices (#). [L.] A high priest; a
||pontiff.

Pon"tiff (?), n. [F. pontife, L. pontifex, -ficis; pons, pontis, a
bridge (perhaps originally, a way, path) + facere to make. Cf.
Pontoon.] A high priest. Especially: (a) One of the sacred college, in
ancient Rome, which had the supreme jurisdiction over all matters of
religion, at the head of which was the Pontifex Maximus. Dr. W. Smith.
(b) (Jewish Antiq.) The chief priest. (c) (R. C. Ch.) The pope.

Pon*tif"ic (?), a. [Cf. L. pontificius.] 1. Relating to, or consisting
of, pontiffs or priests. "The pontific college with their augurs and
flamens." Milton.

2. Of or pertaining to the pope; papal. Shenstone.

Pon*tif"ic*al (?), a. [L. pontificalis: cf. F. pontifical. See
Pontiff.] 1. Of or pertaining to a pontiff, or high priest; as,
pontifical authority; hence, belonging to the pope; papal.

2. Of or pertaining to the building of bridges. [R.]

    Now had they brought the work by wondrous art Pontifical, a ridge
    of pendent rock Over the vexed abyss.


Milton.

Pon*tif"ic*al, n. [F.] 1. A book containing the offices, or formulas,
used by a pontiff. South.

2. pl. The dress and ornaments of a pontiff. "Dressed in full
pontificals." Sir W. Scott.

Pon*tif`i*cal"i*ty (?), n. The state and government of the pope; the
papacy. [R.] Bacon.

Pon*tif"ic*al*ly, adv. In a pontifical manner.

Pon*tif"i*cate (?), n. [L. pontificatus: cf. F. pontificat. See
Pontiff.] 1. The state or dignity of a high priest; specifically, the
office of the pope. Addison.

2. The term of office of a pontiff. Milman.

Pon*tif"i*cate (?), v. i. (R. C. Ch.) To perform the duty of a pontiff.

Pon"ti*fice (?), n. [L. pons, pontis, a bridge + facere to make. Cf.
Pontiff.] Bridgework; structure or edifice of a bridge. [R.] Milton.

Pon`ti*fi"cial (?), a. [L. pontificius.] Papal; pontifical. [Obs.]
"Pontificial writers." Burton.

Pon`ti*fi"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pontiff or pope. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.

Pon`ti*fi"cian, n. One who adheres to the pope or papacy; a papist.
[Obs.] Bp. Montagu.

Pon"til (?), n. Same as Pontee.

Pon"tile (?), a. [L. pontilis pertaining to a bridge.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the pons Varolii. See Pons.

Pon"tine (?), a. [L. Pontinus or Pomptinus, an appellation given to a
district in Latium, near Pometia.] Of or pertaining to an extensive
marshy district between Rome and Naples. [Written also Pomptine.]

Pont"le*vis (?), n. [F., properly, a drawbridge.] (Man.) The action of
a horse in rearing repeatedly and dangerously.

Pon*ton" (?), n. [F.] See Pontoon.

Pon*toon" (?), n. [F. ponton (cf. It. pontone), from L. ponto, -onis,
fr. pons, pontis, a bridge, perhaps originally, a way, path: cf. Gr.
&?; path, Skr. path, pathi, panthan. Cf. Punt a boat.] 1. (Mil.) A
wooden flat-bottomed boat, a metallic cylinder, or a frame covered with
canvas, India rubber, etc., forming a portable float, used in building
bridges quickly for the passage of troops.

2. (Naut.) A low, flat vessel, resembling a barge, furnished with
cranes, capstans, and other machinery, used in careening ships, raising
weights, drawing piles, etc., chiefly in the Mediterranean; a lighter.

Pontoon bridge, a bridge formed with pontoons. -- Pontoon train, the
carriages of the pontoons, and the materials they carry for making a
pontoon bridge.

The French spelling ponton often appears in scientific works, but
pontoon is more common form.

Pon*toon"ing, n. The act, art, or process of constructing pontoon
bridges. "Army instruction in pontooning." Gen. W. T. Shermah.

Pont`vo*lant" (?; F. ?), n. [F. pont bridge + volant flying.] (Mil.) A
kind of light bridge, used in sieges, for surprising a post or outwork
which has but a narrow moat; a flying bridge.

Pon"ty (?), n. (Class Making) See Pontee.

Po"ny (?), n.; pl. Ponies (&?;). [Written also poney.] [Gael. ponaidh.]
1. A small horse.

2. Twenty-five pounds sterling. [Slang, Eng.]

3. A translation or a key used to avoid study in getting lessons; a
crib. [College Cant]

4. A small glass of beer. [Slang]

Pony chaise, a light, low chaise, drawn by a pony or a pair of ponies.
-- Pony engine, a small locomotive for switching cars from one track to
another. [U.S.] -- Pony truck (Locomotive Engine), a truck which has
only two wheels. -- Pony truss (Bridge Building), a truss which has so
little height that overhead bracing can not be used.

Pood (?), n. [Russ. pud'.] A Russian weight, equal to forty Russian
pounds or about thirty-six English pounds avoirdupois.

Poo"dle (?), n. [G. pudel.] (Zoˆl.) A breed of dogs having curly hair,
and often showing remarkable intelligence in the performance of tricks.

Pooh (?), interj. [Of. imitative origin; cf. Icel. p.] Pshaw! pish!
nonsense! -- an expression of scorn, dislike, or contempt.

Pooh`-pooh" (?), v. t. To make light of; to treat with derision or
contempt, as if by saying pooh! pooh! [Colloq.] Thackeray.

||Poo"koo (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zoˆl.) A red African
||antelope (Kobus Vardoni) allied to the water buck.

Pool (?), n. [AS. pl; akin to LG. pool, pohl, D. poel, G. pfuhl; cf.
Icel. pollr, also W. pwll, Gael. poll.] 1. A small and rather deep
collection of (usually) fresh water, as one supplied by a spring, or
occurring in the course of a stream; a reservoir for water; as, the
pools of Solomon. Wyclif.

    Charity will hardly water the ground where it must first fill a
    pool.


Bacon.

    The sleepy pool above the dam.


Tennyson.

2. A small body of standing or stagnant water; a puddle. "The filthy
mantled pool beyond your cell." Shak.

Pool, n. [F. poule, properly, a hen. See Pullet.] [Written also poule.]
1. The stake played for in certain games of cards, billiards, etc.; an
aggregated stake to which each player has contributed a snare; also,
the receptacle for the stakes.

2. A game at billiards, in which each of the players stakes a certain
sum, the winner taking the whole; also, in public billiard rooms, a
game in which the loser pays the entrance fee for all who engage in the
game; a game of skill in pocketing the balls on a pool table.

This game is played variously, but commonly with fifteen balls, besides
one cue ball, the contest being to drive the most balls into the
pockets.

    He plays pool at the billiard houses.


Thackeray.

3. In rifle shooting, a contest in which each competitor pays a certain
sum for every shot he makes, the net proceeds being divided among the
winners.

4. Any gambling or commercial venture in which several persons join.

5. A combination of persons contributing money to be used for the
purpose of increasing or depressing the market price of stocks, grain,
or other commodities; also, the aggregate of the sums so contributed;
as, the pool took all the wheat offered below the limit; he put $10,000
into the pool.

6. (Railroads) A mutual arrangement between competing lines, by which
the receipts of all are aggregated, and then distributed pro rata
according to agreement.

7. (Law) An aggregation of properties or rights, belonging to different
people in a community, in a common fund, to be charged with common
liabilities.

Pin pool, a variety of the game of billiards in which small wooden pins
are set up to be knocked down by the balls. -- Pool ball, one of the
colored ivory balls used in playing the game at billiards called pool.
-- Pool snipe (Zoˆl.), the European redshank. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pool
table, a billiard table with pockets.

Pool, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pooled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pooling.] To put
together; to contribute to a common fund, on the basis of a mutual
division of profits or losses; to make a common interest of; as, the
companies pooled their traffic.

    Finally, it favors the poolingof all issues.


U. S. Grant.

Pool, v. i. To combine or contribute with others, as for a commercial,
speculative, or gambling transaction.

Pool"er (?), n. A stick for stirring a tan vat.

Pool"ing, n. (Law) The act of uniting, or an agreement to unite, an
aggregation of properties belonging to different persons, with a view
to common liabilities or profits.

Poon (?), n. [Canarese ponne.] A name for several East Indian, or their
wood, used for the masts and spars of vessels, as Calophyllum
angustifolium, C. inophullum, and Sterculia fútida; -- called also
peon.

Poo"nac (?), n. A kind of oil cake prepared from the cocoanut. See Oil
cake, under Cake.

Poon"ga oil` (?). A kind of oil used in India for lamps, and for
boiling with dammar for pitching vessels. It is pressed from the seeds
of a leguminous tree (Pongamia glabra).

Poop (?), n. (Arch.) See 2d Poppy.

Poop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pooped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pooping.] [Cf. D.
poepen. See Pop.] To make a noise; to pop; also, to break wind.

Poop, n. [F. poupe; cf. Sp. & Pg. popa, It. poppa; all fr. L. puppis.]
(Naut.) A deck raised above the after part of a vessel; the hindmost or
after part of a vessel's hull; also, a cabin covered by such a deck.
See Poop deck, under Deck. See also Roundhouse.

    With wind in poop, the vessel plows the sea.


Dryden.

    The poop was beaten gold.


Shak.

Poop, v. t. (Naut.) (a) To break over the poop or stern, as a wave. "A
sea which he thought was going to poop her." Lord Dufferin. (b) To
strike in the stern, as by collision.

Pooped (?), p. p. & a. (Naut.) (a) Having a poop; furnished with a
poop. (b) Struck on the poop.

Poop"ing (?), n. (Naut.) The act or shock of striking a vessel's stern
by a following wave or vessel.

<! p. 1114 !>

Poor (?), a. [Compar. Poorer (?; 254); superl. Poorest.] [OE. poure or
povre, OF. povre, F. pauvre, L. pauper; the first syllable of which is
probably akin to paucus few (see Paucity, Few), and the second to
parare to prepare, procure. See Few, and cf. Parade, Pauper, Poverty.]
1. Destitute of property; wanting in material riches or goods; needy;
indigent.

It is often synonymous with indigent and with necessitous denoting
extreme want. It is also applied to persons who are not entirely
destitute of property, but who are not rich; as, a poor man or woman;
poor people.

2. (Law) So completely destitute of property as to be entitled to
maintenance from the public.

3. Hence, in very various applications: Destitute of such qualities as
are desirable, or might naturally be expected; as: (a) Wanting in fat,
plumpness, or fleshiness; lean; emaciated; meager; as, a poor horse,
ox, dog, etc. "Seven other kine came up after them, poor and very
ill-favored and lean-fleshed." Gen. xli. 19. (b) Wanting in strength or
vigor; feeble; dejected; as, poor health; poor spirits. "His genius . .
. poor and cowardly." Bacon. (c) Of little value or worth; not good;
inferior; shabby; mean; as, poor clothes; poor lodgings. "A poor
vessel." Clarendon. (d) Destitute of fertility; exhausted; barren;
sterile; -- said of land; as, poor soil. (e) Destitute of beauty,
fitness, or merit; as, a poor discourse; a poor picture. (f) Without
prosperous conditions or good results; unfavorable; unfortunate;
unconformable; as, a poor business; the sick man had a poor night. (g)
Inadequate; insufficient; insignificant; as, a poor excuse.

    That I have wronged no man will be a poor plea or apology at the
    last day.


Calamy.

4. Worthy of pity or sympathy; -- used also sometimes as a term of
endearment, or as an expression of modesty, and sometimes as a word of
contempt.

    And for mine own poor part, Look you, I'll go pray.


Shak.

    Poor, little, pretty, fluttering thing.


Prior.

5. Free from self-assertion; not proud or arrogant; meek. "Blessed are
the poor in spirit." Matt. v. 3.

Poor law, a law providing for, or regulating, the relief or support of
the poor. -- Poor man's treacle (Bot.), garlic; -- so called because it
was thought to be an antidote to animal poison. [Eng] Dr. Prior. --
Poor man's weatherglass (Bot.), the red-flowered pimpernel (Anagallis
arvensis), which opens its blossoms only in fair weather. -- Poor rate,
an assessment or tax, as in an English parish, for the relief or
support of the poor. -- Poor soldier (Zoˆl.), the friar bird. -- The
poor, those who are destitute of property; the indigent; the needy. In
a legal sense, those who depend on charity or maintenance by the
public. "I have observed the more public provisions are made for the
poor, the less they provide for themselves." Franklin.

Poor (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small European codfish (Gadus minutus); --
called also power cod.

Poor"box` (?), n. A receptacle in which money given for the poor is
placed.

Poor"house` (?), n. A dwelling for a number of paupers maintained at
public expense; an almshouse; a workhouse.

Poor"-john` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small European fish, similar to the cod,
but of inferior quality.

    Poor-john and apple pies are all our fare.


Sir J. Harrington.

Poor"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being poorly; ill health.

Poor"ly, adv. 1. In a poor manner or condition; without plenty, or
sufficiency, or suitable provision for comfort; as, to live poorly.

2. With little or no success; indifferently; with little profit or
advantage; as, to do poorly in business.

3. Meanly; without spirit.

    Nor is their courage or their wealth so low, That from his wars
    they poorly would retire.


Dryden.

4. Without skill or merit; as, he performs poorly.

Poorly off, not well off; not rich.

Poor"ly, a. Somewhat ill; indisposed; not in health. "Having been
poorly in health." T. Scott.

Poor"ness, n. The quality or state of being poor (in any of the senses
of the adjective). Bacon.

Poor"-spir`it*ed (?), a. Of a mean spirit; cowardly; base. --
Poor"-spir`it*ed*ness, n.

Poor"-will` (?), n. [So called in imitation of its note.] (Zoˆl.) A
bird of the Western United States (PhalÊnoptilus Nutalli) allied to the
whip- poor-will.

Poor"-wil`lie (?), n. [So called in imitation of its note.] (Zoˆl.) The
bar-tailed godwit. [Prov. Eng.]

Pop (?), n. [Of imitative origin. Cf. Poop.] 1. A small, sharp, quick
explosive sound or report; as, to go off with a pop. Addison.

2. An unintoxicating beverage which expels the cork with a pop from the
bottle containing it; as, ginger pop; lemon pop, etc. Hood.

3. (Zoˆl.) The European redwing. [Prov. Eng.]

Pop corn. (a) Corn, or maize, of peculiar excellence for popping;
especially, a kind the grains of which are small and compact. (b)
Popped corn; which has been popped.

Pop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Popped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Popping.] 1. To
make a pop, or sharp, quick sound; as, the muskets popped away on all
sides.

2. To enter, or issue forth, with a quick, sudden movement; to move
from place to place suddenly; to dart; -- with in, out, upon, off, etc.

    He that killed my king . . . Popp'd in between the election and my
    hopes.


Shak.

    A trick of popping up and down every moment.


Swift.

3. To burst open with a pop, when heated over a fire; as, this corn
pops well.

Pop, v. t. 1. To thrust or push suddenly; to offer suddenly; to bring
suddenly and unexpectedly to notice; as, to pop one's head in at the
door.

    He popped a paper into his hand.


Milton.

2. To cause to pop; to cause to burst open by heat, as grains of Indian
corn; as, to pop corn or chestnuts.

To pop off, to thrust away, or put off promptly; as, to pop one off
with a denial. Locke. -- To pop the question, to make an offer of
marriage to a lady. [Colloq.] Dickens.

Pop (?), adv. Like a pop; suddenly; unexpectedly. "Pop goes his plate."
Beau. & Fl.

Pope (?), n. [AS. ppa, L. papa father, bishop. Cf. Papa, Papal.] 1. Any
ecclesiastic, esp. a bishop. [Obs.] Foxe.

2. The bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic Church. See Note
under Cardinal.

3. A parish priest, or a chaplain, of the Greek Church.

4. (Zoˆl.) A fish; the ruff.

Pope Joan, a game at cards played on a round board with compartments.
-- Pope's eye, the gland surrounded with fat in the middle of the thigh
of an ox or sheep. R. D. Blackmore. -- Pope's nose, the rump, or
uropygium, of a bird. See Uropygium.

Pope"dom (?), n. [AS. ppedm.] 1. The place, office, or dignity of the
pope; papal dignity. Shak.

2. The jurisdiction of the pope.

Pope"ling (?), n. 1. A petty or deputy pope.

2. An adherent of the pope. [R.] Marlowe.

Pop"e*lote (?), n. A word variously explained as "a little puppet," "a
little doll," or "a young butterfly." Cf. Popet. [Obs.]

    So gay a popelote, so sweet a wench.


Chaucer.

Pop"er*y (?), n. The religion of the Roman Catholic Church,
comprehending doctrines and practices; -- generally used in an
opprobrious sense.

Pop"et (?), n. A puppet. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pop"gun` (?), n. A child's gun; a tube and rammer for shooting pellets,
with a popping noise, by compression of air.

Pop"in*jay (?), n. [OE. popingay, papejay, OF. papegai, papegaut; cf.
Pr. papagai, Sp. & Pg. papagayo, It. pappagallo, LGr. &?;, NGr. &?;; in
which the first syllables are perhaps imitative of the bird's chatter,
and the last either fr. L. gallus cock, or the same word as E. jay, F.
geai. Cf. Papagay.]

1. (Zoˆl.) (a) The green woodpecker. (b) A parrot.

    The pye and popyngay speak they know not what.


Tyndale.

2. A target in the form of a parrot. [Scot.]

3. A trifling, chattering, fop or coxcomb. "To be so pestered with a
popinjay." Shak.

Pop"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pope; taught or ordained by the
pope; hence, of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church; -- often
used opprobriously. -- Pop"ish*ly, adv. -- Pop"ish*ness, n.

Pop"lar (?), n. [OE. popler, OF. poplier, F. peuplier, fr. L. populus
poplar.] (Bot.) 1. Any tree of the genus Populus; also, the timber,
which is soft, and capable of many uses.

The aspen poplar is Populus tremula and P. tremuloides; Balsam poplar
is P. balsamifera; Lombardy poplar (P. dilatata) is a tall, spiry tree;
white poplar is Populus alba.

2. The timber of the tulip tree; -- called also white poplar. [U.S.]

Po*plex"y (?), n. Apoplexy. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pop"lin (?), n. [F. popeline, papeline.] A fabric of many varieties,
usually made of silk and worsted, -- used especially for women's
dresses.

Irish poplin, a fabric with silk warp and worsted weft, made in
Ireland.

Pop*lit"e*al (?; 277), a. [From L. poples, -itis, the ham.] (Anat.) Of
or pertaining to the ham; in the region of the ham, or behind the knee
joint; as, the popliteal space.

Pop*lit"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Popliteal.

Pop"per (?), n. A utensil for popping corn, usually a wire basket with
a long handle.

Pop"per, n. A dagger. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pop"pet (?), n. 1. See Puppet.

2. (Naut.) One of certain upright timbers on the bilge ways, used to
support a vessel in launching. Totten.

3. (Mach.) An upright support or guide fastened at the bottom only.

Poppet head, Puppet head. See Headstock (a).

Pop"pied (?), a. [See 1st Poppy.] 1. Mingled or interspersed with
poppies. "Poppied corn." Keats.

2. Affected with poppy juice; hence, figuratively, drugged; drowsy;
listless; inactive. [R.]

    The poppied sails doze on the yard.


Lowell.

Pop"ping (?), a. & n. from Pop.

Popping crease. (Cricket) See under Crease.

Pop"ple (?), v. i. [Cf. Pop.] To move quickly up and down; to bob up
and down, as a cork on rough water; also, to bubble. Cotton.

Pop"ple, n. 1. The poplar. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.]

2. Tares. [Obs.] "To sow popple among wheat." Bale.

Pop"py (?), n.; pl. Poppies (#). [OE. popy, AS. popig, L. papaver.]
(Bot.) Any plant or species of the genus Papaver, herbs with showy
polypetalous flowers and a milky juice. From one species (Papaver
somniferum) opium is obtained, though all the species contain it to
some extent; also, a flower of the plant. See Illust. of Capsule.

California poppy (Bot.), any yellow- flowered plant of the genus
Eschscholtzia. -- Corn poppy. See under Corn. -- Horn, or Horned,
poppy. See under Horn. -- Poppy bee (Zoˆl.), a leaf-cutting bee
(Anthocopa papaveris) which uses pieces cut from poppy petals for the
lining of its cells; -- called also upholsterer bee. -- Prickly poppy
(Bot.), Argemone Mexicana, a yellow-flowered plant of the Poppy family,
but as prickly as a thistle. -- Poppy seed, the seed the opium poppy
(P. somniferum). -- Spatling poppy (Bot.), a species of Silene (S.
inflata). See Catchfly.

{ Pop"py (?), Pop"py*head` (?), } n. [F. poupÈe doll, puppet. See
Puppet.] (Arch.) A raised ornament frequently having the form of a
final. It is generally used on the tops of the upright ends or elbows
which terminate seats, etc., in Gothic churches.

Pop"u*lace (?), n. [F. populace, fr. It. popolaccio, popolazzo, fr.
popolo people, L. populus. See People.] The common people; the vulgar;
the multitude, -- comprehending all persons not distinguished by rank,
office, education, or profession. Pope.

    To . . . calm the peers and please the populace.


Daniel.

    They . . . call us Britain's barbarous populaces.


Tennyson.

Syn. -- Mob; people; commonalty.

Pop"u*la*cy (?), n. Populace. [Obs.] Feltham.

Pop"u*lar (?), a. [L. popularis, fr. populus people: cf. F. populaire.
See People.] 1. Of or pertaining to the common people, or to the whole
body of the people, as distinguished from a select portion; as, the
popular voice; popular elections. "Popular states." Bacon. "So the
popular vote inclines." Milton.

    The men commonly held in popular estimation are greatest at a
    distance.


J. H. Newman.

2. Suitable to common people; easy to be comprehended; not abstruse;
familiar; plain.

    Homilies are plain popular instructions.


Hooker.

3. Adapted to the means of the common people; possessed or obtainable
by the many; hence, cheap; common; ordinary; inferior; as, popular
prices; popular amusements.

    The smallest figs, called popular figs, . . . are, of all others,
    the basest and of least account.


Holland.

4. Beloved or approved by the people; pleasing to people in general, or
to many people; as, a popular preacher; a popular law; a popular
administration.

5. Devoted to the common people; studious of the favor of the populace.
[R.]

    Such popular humanity is treason.


Addison.

6. Prevailing among the people; epidemic; as, a popular disease. [Obs.]
Johnson.

Popular action (Law), an action in which any person may sue for penalty
imposed by statute. Blackstone.

||Pop`u*la"res (?), n. pl. [L.] The people or the people's party, in
||ancient Rome, as opposed to the optimates.

Pop`u*lar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Popularities (#). [L. popularitas an effort
to please the people: cf. F. popularitÈ.] 1. The quality or state of
being popular; especially, the state of being esteemed by, or of being
in favor with, the people at large; good will or favor proceeding from
the people; as, the popularity of a law, statesman, or a book.

    A popularity which has lasted down to our time.


Macaulay.

2. The quality or state of being adapted or pleasing to common, poor,
or vulgar people; hence, cheapness; inferiority; vulgarity.

    This gallant laboring to avoid popularity falls into a habit of
    affectation.


B. Jonson.

3. Something which obtains, or is intended to obtain, the favor of the
vulgar; claptrap.

    Popularities, and circumstances which . . . sway the ordinary
    judgment.


Bacon.

4. The act of courting the favor of the people. [Obs.] "Indicted . . .
for popularity and ambition." Holland.

5. Public sentiment; general passion. [R.]

    A little time be allowed for the madness of popularity to cease.


Bancroft.

Pop`u*lar*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of making popular, or of
introducing among the people.

Pop"u*lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Popularized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Popularizing (?).] [Cf. F. populariser.] To make popular; to make
suitable or acceptable to the common people; to make generally known;
as, to popularize philosophy. "The popularizing of religious teaching."
Milman.

Pop"u*lar*i`zer (?), n. One who popularizes.

Pop"u*lar*ly, adv. In a popular manner; so as to be generally favored
or accepted by the people; commonly; currently; as, the story was
popularity reported.

    The victor knight, Bareheaded, popularly low had bowed.


Dryden.

Pop"u*lar*ness, n. The quality or state of being popular; popularity.
Coleridge.

Pop"u*late (?), a. [L. populus people. See People.] Populous. [Obs.]
Bacon.

Pop"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Populated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Populating.] To furnish with inhabitants, either by natural increase or
by immigration or colonization; to cause to be inhabited; to people.

Pop"u*late, v. i. To propagate. [Obs.]

    Great shoals of people which go on to populate.


Bacon.

Pop`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. populatio: cf. F. population.] 1. The act or
process of populating; multiplication of inhabitants.

2. The whole number of people, or inhabitants, in a country, or portion
of a country; as, a population of ten millions.

Pop"u*la`tor (?), n. One who populates.

Pop"u*li*cide` (?), n. [L. populus people + caedere to kill.] Slaughter
of the people. [R.]

Pop"u*lin (?), n. [L. populus poplar: cf. F. populine.] (Chem.) A
glycoside, related to salicin, found in the bark of certain species of
the poplar (Populus), and extracted as a sweet white crystalline
substance.

<! p. 1115 !>

Pop`u*los"i*ty (?), n. [L. populositas: cf. F. populositÈ.]
Populousness.[Obs.]

Pop"u*lous (?), a. [L. populosus, fr. populus people: cf. F. populeux.]
1. Abounding in people; full of inhabitants; containing many
inhabitants in proportion to the extent of the country.

    Heaven, yet populous, retains Number sufficient to possess her
    realms.


Milton.

2. Popular; famous. [Obs.] J. Webster.

3. Common; vulgar. [Obs.] Arden of Feversham.

4. Numerous; in large number. [Obs.] "The dust . . . raised by your
populous troops." Shak.

-- Pop"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Pop"u*lous*ness, n.

Po*raille" (?), n. [OF. pouraille. See Poor.] Poor people; the poor.
[Obs.] Chaucer.

Por"bea`gle (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A species of shark (Lamna cornubica), about
eight feet long, having a pointed nose and a crescent-shaped tail; --
called also mackerel shark. [Written also probeagle.]

Por"cate (?), a. [L. porca a ridge between two furrows.] (Zoˆl.) Having
grooves or furrows broader than the intervening ridges; furrowed.

Por"ce*lain (?), n. (Bot.) Purslain. [Obs.]

Por"ce*lain (277), n. [F. porcelaine, It. porcellana, orig., the
porcelain shell, or Venus shell (CyprÊa porcellana), from a dim. fr. L.
porcus pig, probably from the resemblance of the shell in shape to a
pig's back. Porcelain was called after this shell, either on account of
its smoothness and whiteness, or because it was believed to be made
from it. See Pork.] A fine translucent or semitransculent kind of
earthenware, made first in China and Japan, but now also in Europe and
America; -- called also China, or China ware.

    Porcelain, by being pure, is apt to break.


Dryden.

Ivory porcelain, porcelain with a surface like ivory, produced by
depolishing. See Depolishing. -- Porcelain clay. See under Clay. --
Porcelain crab (Zoˆl.), any crab of the genus Porcellana and allied
genera (family PorcellanidÊ). They have a smooth, polished carapace. --
Porcelain jasper. (Min.) See Porcelanite. -- Porcelain printing, the
transferring of an impression of an engraving to porcelain. --
Porcelain shell (Zoˆl.), a cowry.

Por"ce*lain*ized (?), a. (Geol.) Baked like potter's lay; -- applied to
clay shales that have been converted by heat into a substance
resembling porcelain.

{ Por`ce*la"ne*ous (?), Por`cel*la"ne*ous (?), } a. 1. Of or pertaining
to porcelain; resembling porcelain; as, porcelaneous shells.

2. (Zoˆl.) Having a smooth, compact shell without pores; -- said of
certain Foraminifera.

Por"ce*la*nite (?), n. [Cf. F. porcelanite.] (Min.) A semivitrified
clay or shale, somewhat resembling jasper; -- called also porcelain
jasper.

{ Por"ce*la`nous (?), Por"cel*la`nous (?), } a. Porcelaneous. Ure.

Porch (?), n. [F. porche, L. porticus, fr. porta a gate, entrance, or
passage. See Port a gate, and cf. Portico.] 1. (Arch.) A covered and
inclosed entrance to a building, whether taken from the interior, and
forming a sort of vestibule within the main wall, or projecting without
and with a separate roof. Sometimes the porch is large enough to serve
as a covered walk. See also Carriage porch, under Carriage, and Loggia.

    The graceless Helen in the porch I spied Of Vesta's temple.


Dryden.

2. A portico; a covered walk. [Obs.]

    Repair to Pompey's porch, where you shall find find us.


Shak.

The Porch, a public portico, or great hall, in Athens, where Zeno, the
philosopher, taught his disciples; hence, sometimes used as equivalent
to the school of the Stoics. It was called "h poiki`lh stoa`. [See
Poicile.]

Por"cine (?), a. [L. porcinus, from porcus a swine. See Pork.] Of or
pertaining to swine; characteristic of the hog. "Porcine cheeks." G.
Eliot.

Por"cu*pine (?), n. [OE. porkepyn, porpentine, OF. porc-espi, F. porc-
Èpic (cf. It. porco spino, porco spinoso, Sp. puerco espino, puerco
espin, fr. L. porcus swine + spina thorn, spine). The last part of the
French word is perhaps a corruption from the It. or Sp.; cf. F. Èpi
ear, a spike of grain, L. spica. See Pork, Spike a large nail, Spine.]
1. (Zoˆl.) Any Old Word rodent of the genus Hystrix, having the back
covered with long, sharp, erectile spines or quills, sometimes a foot
long. The common species of Europe and Asia (Hystrix cristata) is the
best known.

2. (Zoˆl.) Any species of Erethizon and related genera, native of
America. They are related to the true porcupines, but have shorter
spines, and are arboreal in their habits. The Canada porcupine
(Erethizon dorsatus) is a well known species.

Porcupine ant-eater (Zoˆl.), the echidna. -- Porcupine crab (Zoˆl.), a
large spiny Japanese crab (Acantholithodes hystrix). -- Porcupine
disease (Med.). See Ichthyosis. -- Porcupine fish (Zoˆl.), any
plectognath fish having the body covered with spines which become erect
when the body is inflated. See Diodon, and Globefish. -- Porcupine
grass (Bot.), a grass (Stipa spartea) with grains bearing a stout
twisted awn, which, by coiling and uncoiling through changes in
moisture, propels the sharp-pointed and barbellate grain into the wool
and flesh of sheep. It is found from Illinois westward. See
Illustration in Appendix. -- Porcupine wood (Bot.), the hard outer wood
of the cocoa palm; -- so called because, when cut horizontally, the
markings of the wood resemble the quills of a porcupine.

Pore (?), n. [F., fr. L. porus, Gr. &?; a passage, a pore. See Fare,
v.] 1. One of the minute orifices in an animal or vegetable membrane,
for transpiration, absorption, etc.

2. A minute opening or passageway; an interstice between the
constituent particles or molecules of a body; as, the pores of stones.

Pore, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poring.] [OE.
poren, of uncertain origin; cf. D. porren to poke, thrust, Gael. purr.]
To look or gaze steadily in reading or studying; to fix the attention;
to be absorbed; -- often with on or upon, and now usually with
over."Painfully to pore upon a book." Shak.

    The eye grows weary with poring perpetually on the same thing.


Dryden.

Pore"blind` (?), a. [Probably influenced by pore, v. See Purblind.]
Nearsighted; shortsighted; purblind. [Obs.] Bacon.

Por"er (?), n. One who pores.

Por"gy (?), n.; pl. Porgies (#). [See Paugie.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The scup.
(b) The sailor's choice, or pinfish. (c) The margate fish. (d) The
spadefish. (e) Any one of several species of embiotocoids, or surf
fishes, of the Pacific coast. The name is also given locally to several
other fishes, as the bur fish. [Written also porgee, porgie, and
paugy.]

||Po*rif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. porus pore + ferre to bear.]
||(Zoˆl.) A grand division of the Invertebrata, including the sponges;
||-- called also SpongiÊ, Spongida, and Spongiozoa. The principal
||divisions are CalcispongiÊ, Keratosa or FibrospongiÊ, and Silicea.

Po*rif"er*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Polifera.

||Po*rif`e*ra"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] The Polifera.

Po"ri*form (?), a. [L. porus pore + -form: cf. F. poriforme.]
Resembling a pore, or small puncture.

Po"rime (?), n. [Gr. &?; practicable.] (Math.) A theorem or proposition
so easy of demonstration as to be almost self-evident. [R.] Crabb.

Por"i*ness (?), n. Porosity. Wiseman.

Po"rism (?), n. [Gr. &?; a thing procured, a deduction from a
demonstration, fr. &?; to bring, provide: cf. F. porisme.] 1. (Geom.) A
proposition affirming the possibility of finding such conditions as
will render a certain determinate problem indeterminate or capable of
innumerable solutions. Playfair.

2. (Gr. Geom.) A corollary. Brande & C.

Three books of porisms of Euclid have been lost, but several attempts
to determine the nature of these propositions and to restore them have
been made by modern geometers.

{ Po`ris*mat"ic (?), Po`ris*mat"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to a
porism; poristic.

{ Po*ris"tic (?), Po*ris"tic*al (?), } a.[Gr. &?; for providing, &?;
provided.] Of or pertaining to a porism; of the nature of a porism.

Po"rite (?), n. [Cf. F. porite. See Pore, n.] (Zoˆl.) Any coral of the
genus Porites, or family PoritidÊ.

||Po*ri"tes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. po`ros a pore.] (Zoˆl.) An important
||genus of reef-building corals having small twelve-rayed calicles, and
||a very porous coral. Some species are branched, others grow in large
||massive or globular forms.

Pork (?), n. [F. porc, L. porcus hog, pig. See Farrow a litter of pigs,
and cf. Porcelain, Porpoise.] The flesh of swine, fresh or salted, used
for food.

Pork"er (?), n. A hog. Pope.

Pork"et (?), n. [Dim. of F. porc. See Pork.] A young hog; a pig. [R.]
Dryden. W. Howitt.

Pork"ling (?), n. A pig; a porket. Tusser.

Pork"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The coarse-grained brownish yellow wood of a
small tree (Pisonia obtusata) of Florida and the West Indies. Also
called pigeon wood, beefwood, and corkwood.

Por`ne*ras"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; harlot + &?; to love.] Lascivious;
licentious. [R.] F. Harrison.

Por`no*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to pornography; lascivious;
licentious; as, pornographic writing.

Por*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a harlot + -graphy.] 1. Licentious
painting or literature; especially, the painting anciently employed to
decorate the walls of rooms devoted to bacchanalian orgies.

2. (Med.) A treatise on prostitutes, or prostitution.

Po*ros"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. porositÈ.] The quality or state of being
porous; -- opposed to density.

Po*rot"ic (?), n. [Gr. &?; callus.] (Med.) A medicine supposed to
promote the formation of callus.

Por"ous (?), a. [Cf. F. poreux. See Pore, n.] Full of pores; having
interstices in the skin or in the substance of the body; having
spiracles or passages for fluids; permeable by liquids; as, a porous
skin; porous wood. "The veins of porous earth." Milton.

Por"ous*ly, adv. In a porous manner.

Por"ous*ness, n. 1. The quality of being porous.

2. The open parts; the interstices of anything. [R.]

    They will forcibly get into the porousness of it.


Sir K. Digby.

Por"pen*tine (?), n. Porcupine. [Obs.] Shak.

Por"pesse (?), n. A porpoise. [Obs.]

Por`phy*ra"ceous (?), a. Porphyritic.

Por"phyre (?), n. Porphyry. [Obs.] Locke.

Por"phy*rite (?), n. (Min.) A rock with a porphyritic structure; as,
augite porphyrite.

Por`phy*rit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. porphyritique.] (Min.) Relating to, or
resembling, porphyry, that is, characterized by the presence of
distinct crystals, as of feldspar, quartz, or augite, in a relatively
fine-grained base, often aphanitic or cryptocrystalline.

Por`phy*ri*za"tion (?), n. The act of porphyrizing, or the state of
being porphyrized.

Por`phy*rize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. porphyriser, Gr. &?; to purplish.] To
cause to resemble porphyry; to make spotted in composition, like
porphyry.

Por`phy*ro*gen"i*tism (?), n. [LL. porphyro genitus, fr. Gr. &?;; &?;
purple + root of &?; to be born.] The principle of succession in royal
families, especially among the Eastern Roman emperors, by which a
younger son, if born after the accession of his father to the throne,
was preferred to an elder son who was not so born. Sir T. Palgrave.

Por"phy*ry (?), n.; pl. Porphyries (#). [F. porphyre, L. porphyrites,
fr. Gr. &?; like purple, fr. &?; purple. See Purple.] (Geol.) A term
used somewhat loosely to designate a rock consisting of a fine-grained
base (usually feldspathic) through which crystals, as of feldspar or
quartz, are disseminated. There are red, purple, and green varieties,
which are highly esteemed as marbles.

Porphyry shell (Zoˆl.), a handsome marine gastropod shell (Oliva
porphyria), having a dark red or brown polished surface, marked with
light spots, like porphyry.

||Por"pi*ta (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; brooch.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of
||bright-colored Siphonophora found floating in the warmer parts of the
||ocean. The individuals are round and disk-shaped, with a large zooid
||in the center of the under side, surrounded by smaller nutritive and
||reproductive zooids, and by slender dactylozooids near the margin.
||The disk contains a central float, or pneumatocyst.

Por"poise (?), n. [OE. porpeys, OF. porpeis, literally, hog fish, from
L. porcus swine + piscis fish. See Pork, and Fish.] 1. (Zoˆl.) Any
small cetacean of the genus PhocÊna, especially P. communis, or P.
phocÊna, of Europe, and the closely allied American species (P.
Americana). The color is dusky or blackish above, paler beneath. They
are closely allied to the dolphins, but have a shorter snout. Called
also harbor porpoise, herring hag, puffing pig, and snuffer.

2. (Zoˆl.) A true dolphin (Delphinus); -- often so called by sailors.

Skunk porpoise, or Bay porpoise (Zoˆl.), a North American porpoise
(Lagenorhynchus acutus), larger than the common species, and with broad
stripes of white and yellow on the sides. See Illustration in Appendix.

||Por`po*ri"no (?), n. [It.] A composition of quicksilver, tin, and
||sulphur, forming a yellow powder, sometimes used by mediÊval artists,
||for the sake of economy, instead of gold. Fairholt.

Por"pus (?), n. A porpoise. [Obs.] Swift.

Por*ra"ceous (?), a. [L. porraceus, from porrum, porrus, a leek.]
Resembling the leek in color; greenish. [R.] "Porraceous vomiting."
Wiseman.

Por*rect" (?), a. [L. porrectus, p. p. of porrigere to stretch out
before one's self, to but forth.] Extended horizontally; stretched out.

Por*rec"tion (?), n. [L. porrectio: cf. F. porrection.] The act of
stretching forth.

Por"ret (?), n. [F. porrette, fr. L. porrum, porrus, leek. See
Porraceous.] A scallion; a leek or small onion. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Por"ridge (?), n. [Probably corrupted fr. pottage; perh. influenced by
OE. porree a kind of pottage, OF. porrÈe, fr. L. porrum, porrus, leek.
See Pottage, and cf. Porringer.] A food made by boiling some leguminous
or farinaceous substance, or the meal of it, in water or in milk,
making of broth or thin pudding; as, barley porridge, milk porridge,
bean porridge, etc.

Por"rin*ger (?), n. [OE. pottanger, for pottager; cf. F. potager a soup
basin. See Porridge.] A porridge dish; esp., a bowl or cup from which
children eat or are fed; as, a silver porringer. Wordsworth.

Port (?), n. [From Oporto, in Portugal, i. e., &?; porto the port, L.
portus. See Port harbor.] A dark red or purple astringent wine made in
Portugal. It contains a large percentage of alcohol.

Port, n. [AS. port, L. portus: cf. F. port. See Farm, v., Ford, and
1st, 3d, & 4h Port.] 1. A place where ships may ride secure from
storms; a sheltered inlet, bay, or cove; a harbor; a haven. Used also
figuratively.

<! p. 1116 !>

    Peering in maps for ports and piers and roads.


Shak.

    We are in port if we have Thee.


Keble.

2. In law and commercial usage, a harbor where vessels are admitted to
discharge and receive cargoes, from whence they depart and where they
finish their voyages.

Free port. See under Free. -- Port bar. (Naut,) (a) A boom. See Boom,
4, also Bar, 3. (b) A bar, as of sand, at the mouth of, or in, a port.
-- Port charges (Com.), charges, as wharfage, etc., to which a ship or
its cargo is subjected in a harbor. -- Port of entry, a harbor where a
customhouse is established for the legal entry of merchandise. -- Port
toll (Law), a payment made for the privilege of bringing goods into
port. -- Port warden, the officer in charge of a port; a harbor master.

Port (?), n. [F. porte, L. porta, akin to portus; cf. AS. porte, fr. L.
porta. See Port a harbor, and cf. Porte.] 1. A passageway; an opening
or entrance to an inclosed place; a gate; a door; a portal. [Archaic]

    Him I accuse The city ports by this hath entered.


Shak.

    Form their ivory port the cherubim Forth issuing.


Milton.

2. (Naut.) An opening in the side of a vessel; an embrasure through
which cannon may be discharged; a porthole; also, the shutters which
close such an opening.

    Her ports being within sixteen inches of the water.


Sir W. Raleigh.

3. (Mach.) A passageway in a machine, through which a fluid, as steam,
water, etc., may pass, as from a valve to the interior of the cylinder
of a steam engine; an opening in a valve seat, or valve face.

Air port, Bridle port, etc. See under Air, Bridle, etc. -- Port bar
(Naut.), a bar to secure the ports of a ship in a gale. -- Port lid
(Naut.), a lid or hanging for closing the portholes of a vessel. --
Steam port, &and; Exhaust port (Steam Engine), the ports of the
cylinder communicating with the valve or valves, for the entrance or
exit of the steam, respectively.

Port, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ported; p. pr. & vb. n. Porting.] [F. porter,
L. portare to carry. See Port demeanor.] 1. To carry; to bear; to
transport. [Obs.]

    They are easily ported by boat into other shires.


Fuller.

2. (Mil.) To throw, as a musket, diagonally across the body, with the
lock in front, the right hand grasping the small of the stock, and the
barrel sloping upward and crossing the point of the left shoulder; as,
to port arms.

    Began to hem him round with ported spears.


Milton.

Port arms, a position in the manual of arms, executed as above.

Port, n. [F. port, fr. porter to carry, L. portare, prob. akin to E.
fare, v. See Port harbor, and cf. Comport, Export, Sport.] The manner
in which a person bears himself; deportment; carriage; bearing;
demeanor; hence, manner or style of living; as, a proud port. Spenser.

    And of his port as meek as is a maid.


Chaucer.

    The necessities of pomp, grandeur, and a suitable port in the
    world.


South.

Port, n. [Etymology uncertain.] (Naut.) The larboard or left side of a
ship (looking from the stern toward the bow); as, a vessel heels to
port. See Note under Larboard. Also used adjectively.

Port, v. t. (Naut.) To turn or put to the left or larboard side of a
ship; -- said of the helm, and used chiefly in the imperative, as a
command; as, port your helm.

||Por"ta (?), n.; pl. PortÊ (#). [L., a gate. See Port a hole.] (Anat.)
||(a) The part of the liver or other organ where its vessels and nerves
||enter; the hilus. (b) The foramen of Monro. B. G. Wilder.

Port`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being portable; fitness
to be carried.

Port"a*ble (?), a. [L. portabilis, fr. portare to carry: cf. F.
portable. See Port demeanor.] 1. Capable of being borne or carried;
easily transported; conveyed without difficulty; as, a portable bed,
desk, engine. South.

2. Possible to be endured; supportable. [Obs.]

    How light and portable my pain seems now!


Shak.

Portable forge. See under Forge. -- Portable steam engine. See under
Steam engine.

Port"a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being portable;
portability.

Por"tace (?; 48), n. See Portass. [Obs.]

Port"age (?; 48), n. [From 2d Port.] (Naut.) (a) A sailor's wages when
in port. (b) The amount of a sailor's wages for a voyage.

Port"age, n. [3d Port.] A porthole. [Obs.] Shak.

Por"tage (?), n. [F., from porter to carry. See Port to carry.] 1. The
act of carrying or transporting.

2. The price of carriage; porterage. Bp. Fell.

3. Capacity for carrying; tonnage. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

4. A carry between navigable waters. See 3d Carry.

Por"tage (?), v. t. & i. To carry (goods, boats, etc.) overland between
navigable waters.

Por"tage group` (?). [So called from the township of Portage in New
York.] (Geol.) A subdivision of the Chemung period in American geology.
See Chart of Geology.

Por"ta*gue (?), n. [See Portuguese.] A Portuguese gold coin formerly
current, and variously estimated to be worth from three and one half to
four and one half pounds sterling. [Obs.] [Written also portegue and
portigue.]

    Ten thousand portagues, besides great pearls.


Marlowe.

Por"tal (?), n. [OF. portal, F. portail, LL. portale, fr. L. porta a
gate. See Port a gate.] 1. A door or gate; hence, a way of entrance or
exit, especially one that is grand and imposing.

    Thick with sparkling orient gems The portal shone.


Milton.

    From out the fiery portal of the east.


Shak.

2. (Arch.) (a) The lesser gate, where there are two of different
dimensions. (b) Formerly, a small square corner in a room separated
from the rest of the apartment by wainscoting, forming a short passage
to another apartment. (c) By analogy with the French portail, used by
recent writers for the whole architectural composition which surrounds
and includes the doorways and porches of a church.

3. (Bridge Building) The space, at one end, between opposite trusses
when these are terminated by inclined braces.

4. A prayer book or breviary; a portass. [Obs.]

Portal bracing (Bridge Building), a combination of struts and ties
which lie in the plane of the inclined braces at a portal, serving to
transfer wind pressure from the upper parts of the trusses to an
abutment or pier of the bridge.

Por"tal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a porta, especially the
porta of the liver; as, the portal vein, which enters the liver at the
porta, and divides into capillaries after the manner of an artery.

Portal is applied to other veins which break up into capillaries; as,
the renal portal veins in the frog.

||Por`ta*men"to (?), n. [It., fr. portare to carry.] (Mus.) In singing,
||or in the use of the bow, a gradual carrying or lifting of the voice
||or sound very smoothly from one note to another; a gliding from tone
||to tone.

Por"tance (?), n. See Port, carriage, demeanor. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak.

Por"tass (?), n. [OF. porte-hors a kind of prayer book, so called from
being portable; cf. LL. portiforium.] A breviary; a prayer book.
[Written variously portace, portasse, portesse, portise, porthose,
portos, portus, portuse, etc.] [Obs.] Spenser. Camden.

    By God and by this porthors I you swear.


Chaucer.

Por"tate (?), a. [L. portatus, p. p. of portare to carry.] (Her.) Borne
not erect, but diagonally athwart an escutcheon; as, a cross portate.

Por"ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. portatif.] 1. Portable. [Obs.]

2. (Physics) Capable of holding up or carrying; as, the portative force
of a magnet, of atmospheric pressure, or of capillarity.

Port"cluse (?), n. A portcullis. [Obs.]

Port`cray"on (?), n. [F. porte- crayon; porter to carry + crayon a
crayon.] A metallic handle with a clasp for holding a crayon.

Port*cul"lis (?), n. [OF. porte coulisse, coleÔce, a sliding door, fr.
L. colare, colatum, to filter, to strain: cf. F. couler to glide. See
Port a gate, and cf. Cullis, Colander.] 1. (Fort.) A grating of iron or
of timbers pointed with iron, hung over the gateway of a fortress, to
be let down to prevent the entrance of an enemy. "Let the portcullis
fall." Sir W. Scott.

    She . . . the huge portcullis high updrew.


Milton.

2. An English coin of the reign of Elizabeth, struck for the use of the
East India Company; -- so called from its bearing the figure of a
portcullis on the reverse.

Port*cul"lis, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Portcullised (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Portcullising.] To obstruct with, or as with, a portcullis; to shut; to
bar. [R.] Shak.

Porte (?), n. [F. porte a gate, L. porta. See Port a gate.] The Ottoman
court; the government of the Turkish empire, officially called the
Sublime Porte, from the gate (port) of the sultan's palace at which
justice was administered.

||Porte"-co`chËre" (?), n. [F. See Port a gate, and Coach.] (Arch.) A
||large doorway allowing vehicles to drive into or through a building.
||It is common to have the entrance door open upon the passage of the
||porte-cochËre. Also, a porch over a driveway before an entrance door.

Port"ed (?), a. Having gates. [Obs.]

    We took the sevenfold-ported Thebes.


Chapman.

Por"te*gue (?), n. See Portague. [Obs.]

Porte"mon*naie` (?), n. [F., fr. porter to carry + monnaie money.] A
small pocketbook or wallet for carrying money.

Por*tend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Portended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Portending.] [L. portendre, portentum, to foretell, to predict, to
impend, from an old preposition used in comp. + tendere to stretch. See
Position, Tend.] 1. To indicate (events, misfortunes, etc.) as in
future; to foreshow; to foretoken; to bode; -- now used esp. of
unpropitious signs. Bacon.

    Many signs portended a dark and stormy day.


Macaulay.

2. To stretch out before. [R.] "Doomed to feel the great Idomeneus'
portended steel." Pope.

Syn. -- To foreshow; foretoken; betoken; forebode; augur; presage;
foreshadow; threaten.

Por*ten"sion (?), n. The act of foreshowing; foreboding. [R.] Sir T.
Browne.

Por*tent" (?; 277), n. [L. portentum. See Portend.] That which
portends, or foretoken; esp., that which portends evil; a sign of
coming calamity; an omen; a sign. Shak.

    My loss by dire portents the god foretold.


Dryden.

Por*tent"ive (?), a. Presaging; foreshadowing.

Por*tent"ous (?), a. [L. portentosus.] 1. Of the nature of a portent;
containing portents; foreshadowing, esp. foreshadowing ill; ominous.

    For, I believe, they are portentous things.


Shak.

    Victories of strange and almost portentous splendor.


Macaulay.

2. Hence: Monstrous; prodigious; wonderful; dreadful; as, a beast of
portentous size. Roscommon.

-- Por*tent"ous*ly, adv. -- Por*tent"ous*ness, n.

Por"ter (?), n. [F. portier, L. portarius, from porta a gate, door. See
Port a gate.] A man who has charge of a door or gate; a doorkeeper; one
who waits at the door to receive messages. Shak.

    To him the porter openeth.


John x. 3.

Por"ter, n. [F. porteur, fr. porter to carry, L. portare. See Port to
carry.] 1. A carrier; one who carries or conveys burdens, luggage,
etc.; for hire.

2. (Forging) A bar of iron or steel at the end of which a forging is
made; esp., a long, large bar, to the end of which a heavy forging is
attached, and by means of which the forging is lifted and handled in
hammering and heating; -- called also porter bar.

3. A malt liquor, of a dark color and moderately bitter taste,
possessing tonic and intoxicating qualities.

Porter is said to be so called as having been first used chiefly by the
London porters, and this application of the word is supposed to be not
older than 1750.

Por"ter*age (?), n. 1. The work of a porter; the occupation of a
carrier or of a doorkeeper.

2. Money charged or paid for the carriage of burdens or parcels by a
porter.

Por"ter*ess, n. See Portress.

Por"ter*house, n. A house where porter is sold.

Porterhouse steak, a steak cut from a sirloin of beet, including the
upper and under part.

Por"tesse (?), n. See Porteass. [Obs.] Tyndale.

Port"fire` (?), n. A case of strong paper filled with a composition of
niter, sulphur, and mealed powder, -- used principally to ignite the
priming in proving guns, and as an incendiary material in shells.

Port*fol"io (?), n. [F. portefeuille; porter to carry + feuille a leaf.
See Port to carry, and Folio.] 1. A portable case for holding loose
papers, prints, drawings, etc.

2. Hence: The office and functions of a minister of state or member of
the cabinet; as, to receive the portfolio of war; to resign the
portfolio.

Port"glave (?), n. [F. porte- glaive; porter to carry + glaive a
sword.] A sword bearer. [Obs.]

{ Port"greve` (?), Port"grave` (?), }[AS. portgerfa; port a harbor +
gerfa a reeve or sheriff. See Reeve a steward, and cf. Portreeve.] In
old English law, the chief magistrate of a port or maritime town.; a
portreeve. [Obs.] Fabyan.

Port"hole` (?), n. (Naut.) An embrasure in a ship's side. See 3d Port.

Port"hook` (?), n. (Naut.) One of the iron hooks to which the port
hinges are attached. J. Knowles.

Port"hors` (?), n. See Portass. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Por"ti*co, n.; pl. Porticoes (#) or Porticos. [It., L. porticus. See
Porch.] (Arch.) A colonnade or covered ambulatory, especially in
classical styles of architecture; usually, a colonnade at the entrance
of a building.

Por"ti*coed (?), a. Furnished with a portico.

||Por`tiËre"" (?), n. [F., fr. porte gate, door. See Port a gate.] A
||curtain hanging across a doorway.

Por"ti*gue (?), n. See Portague. Beau. & Fl.

Por"tin*gal (?), a. Of or pertaining to Portugal; Portuguese. [Obs.] --
n. A Portuguese. [Obs.]

Por"tion (?), n. [F., from L. portio, akin to pars, partis, a part. See
Part, n.] 1. That which is divided off or separated, as a part from a
whole; a separated part of anything.

2. A part considered by itself, though not actually cut off or
separated from the whole.

    These are parts of his ways; but how little a portion is heard of
    him!


Job xxvi. 14.

    Portions and parcels of the dreadful past.


Tennyson.

3. A part assigned; allotment; share; fate.

    The lord of that servant . . . will appoint him his portion with
    the unbelievers.


Luke xii. 46.

    Man's portion is to die and rise again.


Keble.

4. The part of an estate given to a child or heir, or descending to him
by law, and distributed to him in the settlement of the estate; an
inheritance.

    Give me the portion of goods that falleth to me.


Luke xv. 12.

5. A wife's fortune; a dowry. Shak.

Syn. -- Division; share; parcel; quantity; allotment; dividend. --
Portion, Part. Part is generic, having a simple reference to some
whole. Portion has the additional idea of such a division as bears
reference to an individual, or is allotted to some object; as, a
portion of one's time; a portion of Scripture.

Por"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Portioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Portioning.] 1. To separate or divide into portions or shares; to
parcel; to distribute.

    And portion to his tribes the wide domain.


Pope.

2. To endow with a portion or inheritance.

    Him portioned maids, apprenticed orphans, blest.


Pope.

<! p. 1117 !>

Por"tion*er (?), n. 1. One who portions.

2. (Eccl.) See Portionist, 2.

Por"tion*ist (?), n. 1. A scholar at Merton College, Oxford, who has a
certain academical allowance or portion; -- corrupted into postmaster.
Shipley.

2. (Eccl.) One of the incumbents of a benefice which has two or more
rectors or vicars.

Por"tion*less, a. Having no portion.

Por"tise (?), n. See Portass. [Obs.]

Port"land ce*ment" (?). A cement having the color of the Portland stone
of England, made by calcining an artificial mixture of carbonate of
lime and clay, or sometimes certain natural limestones or chalky clays.
It contains a large proportion of clay, and hardens under water.

Port"land stone" (?). A yellowish-white calcareous freestone from the
Isle of Portland in England, much used in building.

Port"land vase` (?). A celebrated cinerary urn or vase found in the
tomb of the Emperor Alexander Severus. It is owned by the Duke of
Portland, and kept in the British Museum.

Port"last (?), n. (Naut.) The portoise. See Portoise.

Port"li*ness (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being portly; dignity
of mien or of personal appearance; stateliness.

    Such pride is praise; such portliness is honor.


Spenser.

2. Bulkiness; corpulence.

Port"ly, a. [From Port demeanor.] 1. Having a dignified port or mien;
of a noble appearance; imposing.

2. Bulky; corpulent. "A portly personage." Dickens.

Port"man (?), n.; pl. Portmen (&?;). An inhabitant or burgess of a
port, esp. of one of the Cinque Ports.

Port*man"teau (?), n.; pl. Portmanteaus (#). [F. porte-manteau; porter
to carry + manteau a cloak, mantle. See Port to carry, and Mantle.] A
bag or case, usually of leather, for carrying wearing apparel, etc., on
journeys. Thackeray.

Port*man"tle (?), n. A portmanteau. [Obs.]

Port"mote` (?), n. In old English law, a court, or mote, held in a port
town. [Obs.] Blackstone.

Por"toir (?), n. [OF., fr. porter to bear.] One who, or that which,
bears; hence, one who, or that which, produces. [Obs.]

    Branches . . . which were portoirs, and bare grapes.


Holland.

Por"toise (?), n. [Perhaps fr. OF. porteis portative, portable.]
(Naut.) The gunwale of a ship.

To lower the yards a-portoise, to lower them to the gunwale. -- To ride
a portoise, to ride an anchor with the lower yards and topmasts struck
or lowered, as in a gale of wind.

Por"tos (?), n. See Portass. [Obs.]

Port"pane (?), n. [From L. portare to carry + panis bread; prob.
through French.] A cloth for carrying bread, so as not to touch it with
the hands. [Obs.]

Por"trait (?), n. [F., originally p. p. of portraire to portray. See
Portray.] 1. The likeness of a person, painted, drawn, or engraved;
commonly, a representation of the human face painted from real life.

    In portraits, the grace, and, we may add, the likeness, consists
    more in the general air than in the exact similitude of every
    feature.


Sir J. Reynolds.

The meaning of the word is sometimes extended so as to include a
photographic likeness.

2. Hence, any graphic or vivid delineation or description of a person;
as, a portrait in words.

Portrait bust, or Portrait statue, a bust or statue representing the
actual features or person of an individual; -- in distinction from an
ideal bust or statue.

Por"trait, v. t. To portray; to draw. [Obs.] Spenser.

Por"trait*ist, n. A portrait painter. [R.] Hamerton.

Por"trai*ture (?; 135), n. [F. portraiture.] 1. A portrait; a likeness;
a painted resemblance; hence, that which is copied from some example or
model.

    For, by the image of my cause, I see The portraiture of his.


Shak.

    Divinity maketh the love of ourselves the pattern; the love of our
    neighbors but the portraiture.


Bacon.

2. Pictures, collectively; painting. [Obs.] Chaucer.

3. The art or practice of making portraits. Walpole.

Por"trai*ture, v. t. To represent by a portrait, or as by a portrait;
to portray. [R.] Shaftesbury.

Por*tray" (?), v. t. [Written also pourtray.] [imp. & p. p. portrayed
(&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Portraying.] [OE. pourtraien, OF. portraire,
pourtraire, F. portraire, fr. L. protrahere, protractum, to draw or
drag forth; pro forward, forth + trahere to draw. See Trace, v. t., and
cf. Protract.] 1. To paint or draw the likeness of; as, to portray a
king on horseback.

    Take a tile, and lay it before thee, and portray upon it the city,
    even Jerusalem.


Ezek. iv. 1.

2. Hence, figuratively, to describe in words.

3. To adorn with pictures. [R.]

    Spear and helmets thronged, and shields Various with boastful
    arguments potrayed.


Milton.

Por*tray"al (?), n. The act or process of portraying; description;
delineation.

Por*tray"er (?), n. One who portrays. Chaucer.

Port"reeve` (?), n. A port warden.

Por"tress (?), n. A female porter. Milton.

Port-roy"al*ist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of the dwellers in the
Cistercian convent of Port Royal des Champs, near Paris, when it was
the home of the Jansenists in the 17th century, among them being
Arnauld, Pascal, and other famous scholars. Cf. Jansenist.

Port"sale` (?), n. [Port gate + sale.] Public or open sale; auction.
[Obs.] Holland.

Por"tu*a*ry (?; 135), n. [Cf. Portass.] (R. C. Ch.) A breviary. [Eng.]

Por"tu*guese (?), a. [Cf. F. portugais, Sp. portugues, Pg. portuguez.]
Of or pertaining to Portugal, or its inhabitants. -- n. sing. & pl. A
native or inhabitant of Portugal; people of Portugal.

Portuguese man-of-war. (Zoˆl.) See Physalia.

||Por`tu*la"ca (?), n. [L., purslane.] (Bot.) A genus of polypetalous
||plants; also, any plant of the genus.

Portulaca oleracea is the common purslane. P. grandiflora is a South
American herb, widely cultivated for its showy crimson, scarlet,
yellow, or white, ephemeral blossoms.

Por`tu*la*ca"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order
of plants (PortulacaceÊ), of which Portulaca is the type, and which
includes also the spring beauty (Claytonia) and other genera.

Por"wi`gle (?), n. See Polliwig.

Por"y (?), a. Porous; as, pory stone. [R.] Dryden.

||Po`sÈ" (?), a. [F., placed, posed.] (Her.) Standing still, with all
||the feet on the ground; -- said of the attitude of a lion, horse, or
||other beast.

Pose (?), n. [AS. gepose; of uncertain origin; cf. W. pas a cough, Skr.
ks to cough, and E. wheeze.] A cold in the head; catarrh. [Obs.]
Chaucer.

Pose (?), n. [F. pose, fr. poser. See Pose, v. t.] The attitude or
position of a person; the position of the body or of any member of the
body; especially, a position formally assumed for the sake of effect;
an artificial position; as, the pose of an actor; the pose of an
artist's model or of a statue.

Pose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Posing.] [F. poser
to place, to put, L. pausare to pause, in LL. also, to place, put, fr.
L. pausa a pause, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to make to cease, prob. akin to E.
few. In compounds, this word appears corresponding to L. ponere to put,
place, the substitution in French having been probably due to confusion
of this word with L. positio position, fr. ponere. See Few, and cf.
Appose, Dispose, Oppose, Pause, Repose, Position.] To place in an
attitude or fixed position, for the sake of effect; to arrange the
posture and drapery of (a person) in a studied manner; as, to pose a
model for a picture; to pose a sitter for a portrait.

Pose, v. i. To assume and maintain a studied attitude, with studied
arrangement of drapery; to strike an attitude; to attitudinize;
figuratively, to assume or affect a certain character; as, she poses as
a prude.

    He . . . posed before her as a hero.


Thackeray.

Pose, v. t. [Shortened from appose, for oppose. See 2d Appose, Oppose.]
1. To interrogate; to question. [Obs.] "She . . . posed him and sifted
him." Bacon.

2. To question with a view to puzzling; to embarrass by questioning or
scrutiny; to bring to a stand.

    A question wherewith a learned Pharisee thought to pose and puzzle
    him.


Barrow.

Posed (?), a. Firm; determined; fixed. "A most posed . . . and grave
behavior." [Obs.] Urquhart.

Pos"er (?), n. One who, or that which, puzzles; a difficult or
inexplicable question or fact. Bacon.

Po"sied (?), a. Inscribed with a posy.

    In poised lockets bribe the fair.


Gay.

Pos"ing*ly (?), adv. So as to pose or puzzle.

Pos"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posited; p. pr. & vb. n. Positing.] [L.
ponere, positum, to place. See Position.] 1. To dispose or set firmly
or fixedly; to place or dispose in relation to other objects. Sir M.
Hale.

2. (Logic) To assume as real or conceded; as, to posit a principle. Sir
W. Hamilton.

Po*si"tion (?), n. [F. position, L. positio, fr. ponere, positum, to
put, place; prob. for posino, fr. an old preposition used only in comp.
(akin to Gr. &?;) + sinere to leave, let, permit, place. See Site, and
cf. Composite, Compound, v., Depone, Deposit, Expound, Impostor,
Opposite, Propound, Pose, v., Posit, Post, n.]

1. The state of being posited, or placed; the manner in which anything
is placed; attitude; condition; as, a firm, an inclined, or an upright
position.

    We have different prospects of the same thing, according to our
    different positions to it.


Locke.

2. The spot where a person or thing is placed or takes a place; site;
place; station; situation; as, the position of man in creation; the
fleet changed its position.

3. Hence: The ground which any one takes in an argument or controversy;
the point of view from which any one proceeds to a discussion; also, a
principle laid down as the basis of reasoning; a proposition; a thesis;
as, to define one's position; to appear in a false position.

    Let not the proof of any position depend on the positions that
    follow, but always on those which go before.


I. Watts.

4. Relative place or standing; social or official rank; as, a person of
position; hence, office; post; as, to lose one's position.

5. (Arith.) A method of solving a problem by one or two suppositions;
-- called also the rule of trial and error.

Angle of position (Astron.), the angle which any line (as that joining
two stars) makes with another fixed line, specifically with a circle of
declination. -- Double position (Arith.), the method of solving
problems by proceeding with each of two assumed numbers, according to
the conditions of the problem, and by comparing the difference of the
results with those of the numbers, deducing the correction to be
applied to one of them to obtain the true result. -- Guns of position
(Mil.), heavy fieldpieces, not designed for quick movements. --
Position finder (Mil.), a range finder. See under Range. -- Position
micrometer, a micrometer applied to the tube of an astronomical
telescope for measuring angles of position in the field of view. --
Single position (Arith.), the method of solving problems, in which the
result obtained by operating with an assumed number is to the true
result as the number assumed is to the number required. -- Strategic
position (Mil.), a position taken up by an army or a large detachment
of troops for the purpose of checking or observing an opposing force.

Syn. -- Situation; station; place; condition; attitude; posture;
proposition; assertion; thesis.

Po*si"tion (?), v. t. To indicate the position of; to place. [R.]
Encyc. Brit.

Po*si"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to position.

    Ascribing unto plants positional operations.


Sir T. Browne.

Pos"i*tive (?), a. [OE. positif, F. positif, L. positivus. See
Position.] 1. Having a real position, existence, or energy; existing in
fact; real; actual; -- opposed to negative. "Positive good." Bacon.

2. Derived from an object by itself; not dependent on changing
circumstances or relations; absolute; -- opposed to relative; as, the
idea of beauty is not positive, but depends on the different tastes
individuals.

3. Definitely laid down; explicitly stated; clearly expressed; --
opposed to implied; as, a positive declaration or promise.

    Positive words, that he would not bear arms against King Edward's
    son.


Bacon.

4. Hence: Not admitting of any doubt, condition, qualification, or
discretion; not dependent on circumstances or probabilities; not
speculative; compelling assent or obedience; peremptory; indisputable;
decisive; as, positive instructions; positive truth; positive proof.
"'T is positive 'gainst all exceptions." Shak.

5. Prescribed by express enactment or institution; settled by arbitrary
appointment; said of laws.

    In laws, that which is natural bindeth universally; that which is
    positive, not so.


Hooker.

6. Fully assured; confident; certain; sometimes, overconfident;
dogmatic; overbearing; -- said of persons.

    Some positive, persisting fops we know, That, if once wrong, will
    needs be always.


Pope.

7. Having the power of direct action or influence; as, a positive voice
in legislation. Swift.

8. (Photog.) Corresponding with the original in respect to the position
of lights and shades, instead of having the lights and shades reversed;
as, a positive picture.

9. (Chem.) (a) Electro- positive. (b) Hence, basic; metallic; not acid;
-- opposed to negative, and said of metals, bases, and basic radicals.

Positive crystals (Opt.), a doubly refracting crystal in which the
index of refraction for the extraordinary ray is greater than for the
ordinary ray, and the former is refracted nearer to the axis than the
latter, as quartz and ice; -- opposed to negative crystal, or one in
which this characteristic is reversed, as Iceland spar, tourmaline,
etc. -- Positive degree (Gram.), that state of an adjective or adverb
which denotes simple quality, without comparison or relation to
increase or diminution; as, wise, noble. -- Positive electricity
(Elec), the kind of electricity which is developed when glass is rubbed
with silk, or which appears at that pole of a voltaic battery attached
to the plate that is not attacked by the exciting liquid; -- formerly
called vitreous electricity; -- opposed to negative electricity. --
Positive eyepiece. See under Eyepiece. -- Positive law. See Municipal
law, under Law. -- Positive motion (Mach.), motion which is derived
from a driver through unyielding intermediate pieces, or by direct
contact, and not through elastic connections, nor by means of friction,
gravity, etc.; definite motion. -- Positive philosophy. See Positivism.
-- Positive pole. (a) (Elec.) The pole of a battery or pile which
yields positive or vitreous electricity; -- opposed to negative pole.
(b) (Magnetism) The north pole. [R.] -- Positive quantity (Alg.), an
affirmative quantity, or one affected by the sign plus [+]. -- Positive
rotation (Mech.), left-handed rotation. -- Positive sign (Math.), the
sign [+] denoting plus, or more, or addition.

Pos"i*tive, n. 1. That which is capable of being affirmed; reality.
South.

2. That which settles by absolute appointment.

3. (Gram.) The positive degree or form.

4. (Photog.) A picture in which the lights and shades correspond in
position with those of the original, instead of being reversed, as in a
negative. R. Hunt.

5. (Elec.) The positive plate of a voltaic or electrolytic cell.

Pos"i*tive*ly, adv. In a positive manner; absolutely; really;
expressly; with certainty; indubitably; peremptorily; dogmatically; --
opposed to negatively.

    Good and evil which is removed may be esteemed good or evil
    comparatively, and positively simply.


Bacon.

    Give me some breath, some little pause, my lord, Before I
    positively speak herein.


Shak.

    I would ask . . . whether . . . the divine law does not positively
    require humility and meekness.


Sprat.

Positively charged or electrified (Elec.), having a charge of positive
electricity; -- opposed to negatively electrified.

Pos"i*tive*ness, n. The quality or state of being positive; reality;
actualness; certainty; confidence; peremptoriness; dogmatism. See
Positive, a.

    Positiveness, pedantry, and ill manners.


Swift.

    The positiveness of sins of commission lies both in the habitude of
    the will and in the executed act too; the positiveness of sins of
    omission is in the habitude of the will only.


Norris.

Pos"i*tiv*ism (?), n. A system of philosophy originated by M. Auguste
Comte, which deals only with positives. It excludes from philosophy
everything but the natural phenomena or properties of knowable things,
together with their invariable relations of coexistence and succession,
as occurring in time and space. Such relations are denominated laws,
which are to be discovered by observation, experiment, and comparison.
This philosophy holds all inquiry into causes, both efficient and
final, to be useless and unprofitable.

Pos"i*tiv*ist, n. A believer in positivism. -- a. Relating to
positivism.

Pos`i*tiv"i*ty (?), n. Positiveness. J. Morley.

Pos"i*ture (?; 135), n. See Posture. [Obs.]

Pos"net (?), n. [OF. poÁonet, dim. of poÁon a pot, a vessel.] A little
basin; a porringer; a skillet.

{ Pos`o*log"ic (?), Pos`o*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. posologique.]
Pertaining to posology.

Po*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; how much + -logy: cf. F. posologie.]
(Med.) The science or doctrine of doses; dosology.

<! p. 1118 !>

Pos"po*lite (?), n. [Pol. pospolite ruszenie a general summons to arms,
an arriere-ban; pospolity general + ruszenie a stirring.] A kind of
militia in Poland, consisting of the gentry, which, in case of
invasion, was summoned to the defense of the country.

Poss (?), v. t. [See Push.] To push; to dash; to throw. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]

    A cat . . . possed them [the rats] about.


Piers Plowman.

Pos"se (?), n. See Posse comitatus.

In posse. See In posse in the Vocabulary.

||Pos"se com`i*ta"tus (?). [L. posse to be able, to have power + LL.
||comitatus a county, from comes, comitis, a count. See County, and
||Power.]

1. (Law) The power of the county, or the citizens who may be summoned
by the sheriff to assist the authorities in suppressing a riot, or
executing any legal precept which is forcibly opposed. Blackstone.

2. A collection of people; a throng; a rabble. [Colloq.]

The word comitatus is often omitted, and posse alone used. "A whole
posse of enthusiasts." Carlyle.

    As if the passion that rules were the sheriff of the place, and
    came off with all the posse.


Locke.

Pos*sess" (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Possessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Possessing.] [L. possessus, p. p. of possidere to have, possess, from
an inseparable prep. (cf. Position) + sedere to sit. See Sit.] 1. To
occupy in person; to hold or actually have in one's own keeping; to
have and to hold.

    Houses and fields and vineyards shall be possessed again in this
    land.


Jer. xxxii. 15.

    Yet beauty, though injurious, hath strange power, After offense
    returning, to regain Love once possessed.


Milton.

2. To have the legal title to; to have a just right to; to be master
of; to own; to have; as, to possess property, an estate, a book.

    I am yours, and all that I possess.


Shak.

3. To obtain occupation or possession of; to accomplish; to gain; to
seize.

    How . . . to possess the purpose they desired.


Spenser.

4. To enter into and influence; to control the will of; to fill; to
affect; -- said especially of evil spirits, passions, etc. "Weakness
possesseth me." Shak.

    Those which were possessed with devils.


Matt. iv. 24.

    For ten inspired, ten thousand are possessed.


Roscommon.

5. To put in possession; to make the owner or holder of property,
power, knowledge, etc.; to acquaint; to inform; -- followed by of or
with before the thing possessed, and now commonly used reflexively.

    I have possessed your grace of what I purpose.


Shak.

    Record a gift . . . of all he dies possessed Unto his son.


Shak.

    We possessed our selves of the kingdom of Naples.


Addison.

    To possess our minds with an habitual good intention.


Addison.

Syn. -- To have; hold; occupy; control; own. -- Possess, Have. Have is
the more general word. To possess denotes to have as a property. It
usually implies more permanence or definiteness of control or ownership
than is involved in having. A man does not possess his wife and
children: they are (so to speak) part of himself. For the same reason,
we have the faculties of reason, understanding, will, sound judgment,
etc.: they are exercises of the mind, not possessions.

Pos*ses"sion (?), n. [F. possession, L. possessio.] 1. The act or state
of possessing, or holding as one's own.

2. (Law) The having, holding, or detention of property in one's power
or command; actual seizin or occupancy; ownership, whether rightful or
wrongful.

Possession may be either actual or constructive; actual, when a party
has the immediate occupancy; constructive, when he has only the right
to such occupancy.

3. The thing possessed; that which any one occupies, owns, or controls;
in the plural, property in the aggregate; wealth; dominion; as, foreign
possessions.

    When the young man heard that saying, he went away sorrowful, for
    he had great possessions.


Matt. xix. 22.

    Ananias, with Sapphira his wife, sold a possession.


Acts v. 1.

    The house of Jacob shall possess their possessions.


Ob. 17.

4. The state of being possessed or controlled, as by an evil spirit, or
violent passions; madness; frenzy; as, demoniacal possession.

    How long hath this possession held the man?


Shak.

To give possession, to put in another's power or occupancy. -- To put
in possession. (a) To invest with ownership or occupancy; to provide or
furnish with; as, to put one in possession of facts or information. (b)
(Law) To place one in charge of property recovered in ejectment or writ
of entry. -- To take possession, to enter upon, or to bring within
one's power or occupancy. -- Writ of possession (Law), a precept
directing a sheriff to put a person in peaceable possession of property
recovered in ejectment or writ of entry.

Pos*ses"sion, v. t. To invest with property. [Obs.]

Pos*ses"sion*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to possession; arising from
possession.

Pos*ses"sion*er (?), n. 1. A possessor; a property holder. [Obs.]
"Possessioners of riches." E. Hall.

    Having been of old freemen and possessioners.


Sir P. Sidney.

2. An invidious name for a member of any religious community endowed
with property in lands, buildings, etc., as contrasted with mendicant
friars. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Pos`ses*si"val (?), a. Of or pertaining to the possessive case; as, a
possessival termination. Earle.

Pos*sess"ive (?), a. [L. possessivus: cf. F. possessif.] Of or
pertaining to possession; having or indicating possession.

Possessive case (Eng. Gram.), the genitive case; the case of nouns and
pronouns which expresses ownership, origin, or some possessive relation
of one thing to another; as, Homer's admirers; the pear's flavor; the
dog's faithfulness. -- Possessive pronoun, a pronoun denoting
ownership; as, his name; her home; my book.

Pos*sess"ive (?), n. 1. (Gram.) The possessive case.

2. (Gram.) A possessive pronoun, or a word in the possessive case.

Pos*sess"ive*ly, adv. In a possessive manner.

Pos*sess"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. possesseur.] One who possesses; one who
occupies, holds, owns, or controls; one who has actual participation or
enjoyment, generally of that which is desirable; a proprietor.
"Possessors of eternal glory." Law.

    As if he had been possessor of the whole world.


Sharp.

Syn. -- Owner; proprietor; master; holder; occupant.

Pos*sess"o*ry (?), a. [L. possessorius: cf. F. possessoire.] Of or
pertaining to possession, either as a fact or a right; of the nature of
possession; as, a possessory interest; a possessory lord.

Possessory action or suit (Law), an action to regain or obtain
possession of something. See under Petitory.

Pos"set (?), n. [W. posel curdled milk, posset.] A beverage composed of
hot milk curdled by some strong infusion, as by wine, etc., -- much in
favor formerly. "I have drugged their posset." Shak.

Pos"set, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posseted; p. pr. & vb. n. Posseting.] 1.
To curdle; to turn, as milk; to coagulate; as, to posset the blood.
[Obs.] Shak.

2. To treat with possets; to pamper. [R.] "She was cosseted and
posseted." O. W. Holmes.

Pos`si*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Possibilities (#). [F. possibilitÈ, L.
possibilitas.] 1. The quality or state of being possible; the power of
happening, being, or existing. "All possibility of error." Hooker.
"Latent possibilities of excellence." Johnson.

2. That which is possible; a contingency; a thing or event that may not
happen; a contingent interest, as in real or personal estate. South.
Burrill.

Pos"si*ble (?), a. [F., fr. L. possibilis, fr. posse to be able, to
have power; potis able, capable + esse to be. See Potent, Am, and cf.
Host a landlord.] Capable of existing or occurring, or of being
conceived or thought of; able to happen; capable of being done; not
contrary to the nature of things; -- sometimes used to express extreme
improbability; barely able to be, or to come to pass; as, possibly he
is honest, as it is possible that Judas meant no wrong.

    With God all things are possible.


Matt. xix. 26.

Syn. -- Practicable; likely. See Practicable.

Pos"si*bly, adv. In a possible manner; by possible means; especially,
by extreme, remote, or improbable intervention, change, or exercise of
power; by a chance; perhaps; as, possibly he may recover.

    Can we . . . possibly his love desert?


Milton.

    When possibly I can, I will return.


Shak.

Pos"sum (?), n. [Shortened from opossum.] (Zoˆl.) An opossum. [Colloq.
U. S.]

To play possum, To act possum, to feign ignorance, indifference or
inattention, with the intent to deceive; to dissemble; -- in allusion
to the habit of the opossum, which feigns death when attacked or
alarmed.

Post- (pst). [L. post behind, after; cf. Skr. paÁcbehind, afterwards.]
A prefix signifying behind, back, after; as, postcommissure, postdot,
postscript.

Post, a. [F. aposter to place in a post or position, generally for a
bad purpose.] Hired to do what is wrong; suborned. [Obs.] Sir E.
Sandys.

Post, n. [AS., fr. L. postis, akin to ponere, positum, to place. See
Position, and cf. 4th Post.] 1. A piece of timber, metal, or other
solid substance, fixed, or to be fixed, firmly in an upright position,
especially when intended as a stay or support to something else; a
pillar; as, a hitching post; a fence post; the posts of a house.

    They shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts
    and on the upper doorpost of the houses.


Ex. xii. 7.

    Then by main force pulled up, and on his shoulders bore, The gates
    of Azza, post and massy bar.


Milton.

    Unto his order he was a noble post.


Chaucer.

Post, in the sense of an upright timber or strut, is used in
composition, in such words as king-post, queen- post, crown-post,
gatepost, etc.

2. The doorpost of a victualer's shop or inn, on which were chalked the
scores of customers; hence, a score; a debt. [Obs.]

    When God sends coin I will discharge your post.


S. Rowlands.

From pillar to post. See under Pillar. -- Knight of the post. See under
Knight. -- Post hanger (Mach.), a bearing for a revolving shaft,
adapted to be fastened to a post. -- Post hole, a hole in the ground to
set the foot of a post in. -- Post mill, a form of windmill so
constructed that the whole fabric rests on a vertical axis firmly
fastened to the ground, and capable of being turned as the direction of
the wind varies. -- Post and stall (Coal Mining), a mode of working in
which pillars of coal are left to support the roof of the mine.

Post, n. [F. poste, LL. posta station, post (where horses were kept),
properly, a fixed or set place, fem. fr. L. positus placed, p. p. of
ponere. See Position, and cf. Post a pillar.] 1. The place at which
anything is stopped, placed, or fixed; a station. Specifically: (a) A
station, or one of a series of stations, established for the
refreshment and accommodation of travelers on some recognized route;
as, a stage or railway post. (b) A military station; the place at which
a soldier or a body of troops is stationed; also, the troops at such a
station. (c) The piece of ground to which a sentinel's walk is limited.

2. A messenger who goes from station; an express; especially, one who
is employed by the government to carry letters and parcels regularly
from one place to another; a letter carrier; a postman.

    In certain places there be always fresh posts, to carry that
    further which is brought unto them by the other.


Abp. Abbot.

    I fear my Julia would not deign my lines, Receiving them from such
    a worthless post.


Shak.

3. An established conveyance for letters from one place or station to
another; especially, the governmental system in any country for
carrying and distributing letters and parcels; the post office; the
mail; hence, the carriage by which the mail is transported.

    I send you the fair copy of the poem on dullness, which I should
    not care to hazard by the common post.


Pope.

4. Haste or speed, like that of a messenger or mail carrier. [Obs.] "In
post he came." Shak.

5. One who has charge of a station, especially of a postal station.
[Obs.]

    He held office of postmaster, or, as it was then called, post, for
    several years.


Palfrey.

6. A station, office, or position of service, trust, or emolument; as,
the post of duty; the post of danger.

    The post of honor is a private station.


Addison.

7. A size of printing and writing paper. See the Table under Paper.

Post and pair, an old game at cards, in which each player a hand of
three cards. B. Jonson. -- Post bag, a mail bag. -- Post bill, a bill
of letters mailed by a postmaster. -- Post chaise, or Post coach, a
carriage usually with four wheels, for the conveyance of travelers who
travel post. -- Post day, a day on which the mall arrives or departs.
-- Post hackney, a hired post horse. Sir H. Wotton. -- Post horn, a
horn, or trumpet, carried and blown by a carrier of the public mail, or
by a coachman. -- Post horse, a horse stationed, intended, or used for
the post. -- Post hour, hour for posting letters. Dickens. -- Post
office. (a) An office under governmental superintendence, where
letters, papers, and other mailable matter, are received and
distributed; a place appointed for attending to all business connected
with the mail. (b) The governmental system for forwarding mail matter.
-- Postoffice order. See Money order, under Money. -- Post road, or
Post route, a road or way over which the mail is carried. -- Post town.
(a) A town in which post horses are kept. (b) A town in which a post
office is established by law. -- To ride post, to ride, as a carrier of
dispatches, from place to place; hence, to ride rapidly, with as little
delay as possible. -- To travel post, to travel, as a post does, by
relays of horses, or by keeping one carriage to which fresh horses are
attached at each stopping place.

Post (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posted; p. pr. & vb. n. Posting.] 1. To
attach to a post, a wall, or other usual place of affixing public
notices; to placard; as, to post a notice; to post playbills.

Formerly, a large post was erected before the sheriff's office, or in
some public place, upon which legal notices were displayed. This way of
advertisement has not entirely gone of use.

2. To hold up to public blame or reproach; to advertise opprobriously;
to denounce by public proclamation; as, to post one for cowardice.

    On pain of being posted to your sorrow Fail not, at four, to meet
    me.


Granville.

3. To enter (a name) on a list, as for service, promotion, or the like.

4. To assign to a station; to set; to place; as, to post a sentinel.
"It might be to obtain a ship for a lieutenant, . . . or to get him
posted." De Quincey.

5. (Bookkeeping) To carry, as an account, from the journal to the
ledger; as, to post an account; to transfer, as accounts, to the
ledger.

    You have not posted your books these ten years.


Arbuthnot.

6. To place in the care of the post; to mail; as, to post a letter.

7. To inform; to give the news to; to make (one) acquainted with the
details of a subject; -- often with up.

    Thoroughly posted up in the politics and literature of the day.


Lond. Sat. Rev.

To post off, to put off; to delay. [Obs.] "Why did I, venturously, post
off so great a business?" Baxter. -- To post over, to hurry over.
[Obs.] Fuller.

Post, v. i. [Cf. OF. poster. See 4th Post.] 1. To travel with post
horses; figuratively, to travel in haste. "Post seedily to my lord your
husband." Shak.

    And post o'er land and ocean without rest.


Milton.

2. (Man.) To rise and sink in the saddle, in accordance with the motion
of the horse, esp. in trotting. [Eng.]

Post, adv. With post horses; hence, in haste; as, to travel post.

Post`-ab*do"men (?), n. [Pref. post-  + abdomen.] (Zoˆl.) That part of
a crustacean behind the cephalothorax; -- more commonly called abdomen.

Post"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being carried by, or as by, post. [Obs.]
W. Montagu.

Post"act` (?), n. An act done afterward.

Post"age (?), n. The price established by law to be paid for the
conveyance of a letter or other mailable matter by a public post.

Postage stamp, a government stamp required to be put upon articles sent
by mail in payment of the postage, esp. an adhesive stamp issued and
sold for that purpose.

Post"al (?), a. [Cf. F. postal.] Belonging to the post office or mail
service; as, postal arrangements; postal authorities.

Postal card, or Post card, a card sold by the government for
transmission through the mails, at a lower rate of postage than a
sealed letter. The message is written on one side of the card, and the
direction on the other. -- Postal money order. See Money order, under
Money. -- Postal note, an order payable to bearer, for a sum of money
(in the United States less than five dollars under existing law),
issued from one post office and payable at another specified office. --
Postal Union, a union for postal purposes entered into by the most
important powers, or governments, which have agreed to transport mail
matter through their several territories at a stipulated rate.

Post*a"nal (?), a. [Pref. post- + anal.] (Anat.) Situated behind, or
posterior to, the anus.

Post*ax"i*al (?), a. [Pref. post- + axial.] (Anat.) Situated behind any
transverse axis in the body of an animal; caudal; posterior;
especially, behind, or on the caudal or posterior (that is, ulnar or
fibular) side of, the axis of a vertebrate limb.

<! p. 1119 !>

Post"boy` (?), n. 1. One who rides post horses; a position; a courier.

2. A boy who carries letters from the post.

Post"-cap`tain (?), n. A captain of a war vessel whose name appeared,
or was "posted," in the seniority list of the British navy, as
distinguished from a commander whose name was not so posted. The term
was also used in the United States navy; but no such commission as
post-captain was ever recognized in either service, and the term has
fallen into disuse.

||Post"ca`va (?), n.; pl. PostcavÊ . [NL. See Post-, and Cave, n.]
||(Anat.) The inferior vena cava. -- Post"ca`val (#), a. B. G. Wilder.

Post*clav"i*cle (?), n. [Pref. post-  + clavicle.] (Anat.) A bone in
the pectoral girdle of many fishes projecting backward from the
clavicle. -- Post`*cla*vic"u*lar (#), a.

Post*com"mis*sure (?), n. [Pref. post- + commisure.] (Anat.) A
transverse commisure in the posterior part of the roof of the third
ventricle of the brain; the posterior cerebral commisure. B. G. Wilder.

Post`com*mun"ion (?), n. [Pref. post-  + communion.] 1. (Ch. of Eng. &
Prot. Epis. Ch.) The concluding portion of the communion service.

2. (R. C. Ch.) A prayer or prayers which the priest says at Mass, after
the ablutions.

||Post*cor"nu (?), n.; pl. Postcornua (#). [NL. See Post-, and Cornu.]
||(Anat.) The posterior horn of each lateral ventricle of the brain. B.
||G. Wilder.

Post"date` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postdated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Postdating.] [Pref. post- + date.] 1. To date after the real time; as,
to postdate a contract, that is, to date it later than the time when it
was in fact made.

2. To affix a date to after the event.

Post"date`, a. Made or done after the date assigned.

    Of these [predictions] some were postdate; cunningly made after the
    thing came to pass.


Fuller.

Post"date`, n. A date put to a bill of exchange or other paper, later
than that when it was actually made.

{ Post`di*lu"vi*al (?), Post`di*lu"vi*an (?), } a. [Pref. post- +
diluvial, diluvian.] Being or happening after the flood in Noah's days.

Post`di*lu"vi*an, n. One who lived after the flood.

Post"-dis*sei"zin (?), n. [Pref. post- + disseizin.] (O. Eng. Law) A
subsequent disseizin committed by one of lands which the disseizee had
before recovered of the same disseizor; a writ founded on such
subsequent disseizin, now abolished. Burrill. Tomlins.

Post`-dis*sei"zor (?), n. [Pref. post- + disseizor.] (O. Eng. Law) A
person who disseizes another of lands which the disseizee had before
recovered of the same disseizor. Blackstone.

||Post"e*a (?), n. [L., after these or those (things), afterward.]
||(Law) The return of the judge before whom a cause was tried, after a
||verdict, of what was done in the cause, which is indorsed on the nisi
||prius record. Wharton.

Pos"tel (?), n. Apostle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Post`en*ceph"a*lon (?), n. (Anat.) The metencephalon.

Post"en*try (?), n. [Pref. post- + entry.] 1. A second or subsequent,
at the customhouse, of goods which had been omitted by mistake.

2. (Bookkeeping) An additional or subsequent entry.

Post"er (?), n. 1. A large bill or placard intended to be posted in
public places.

2. One who posts bills; a billposter.

Post"er, n. 1. One who posts, or travels expeditiously; a courier.
"Posters of the sea and land." Shak.

2. A post horse. "Posters at full gallop." C. Lever.

Pos*te"ri*or (ps*t"r*r), a. [L. posterior, compar. of posterus coming
after, from post after. See Post-.] 1. Later in time; hence, later in
the order of proceeding or moving; coming after; -- opposed to prior.

    Hesiod was posterior to Homer.


Broome.

2. Situated behind; hinder; -- opposed to anterior.

3. (Anat.) At or toward the caudal extremity; caudal; -- in human
anatomy often used for dorsal.

4. (Bot.) On the side next the axis of inflorescence; -- said of an
axillary flower. Gray.

Pos*te`ri*or"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. postÈrioritÈ.] The state of being
later or subsequent; as, posteriority of time, or of an event; --
opposed to priority.

Pos*te"ri*or*ly (?), adv. Subsequently in time; also, behind in
position.

Pos*te"ri*ors (?), n. pl. The hinder parts, as of an animal's body.
Swift.

Pos*ter"i*ty (?), n. [L. posteritas: cf. F. postÈritÈ. See Posterior.]
1. The race that proceeds from a progenitor; offspring to the furthest
generation; the aggregate number of persons who are descended from an
ancestor of a generation; descendants; -- contrasted with ancestry; as,
the posterity of Abraham.

    If [the crown] should not stand in thy posterity.


Shak.

2. Succeeding generations; future times. Shak.

    Their names shall be transmitted to posterity.


Shak.

    Their names shall be transmitted to posterity.


Smalridge.

Pos"tern (?), n. [OF. posterne, posterle, F. poterne, fr. L. posterula,
fr. posterus coming after. See Posterior.] 1. Originally, a back door
or gate; a private entrance; hence, any small door or gate.

    He by a privy postern took his flight.


Spenser.

    Out at the postern, by the abbey wall.


Shak.

2. (Fort.) A subterraneous passage communicating between the parade and
the main ditch, or between the ditches and the interior of the
outworks. Mahan.

Pos"tern, a. Back; being behind; private. "The postern door." Dryden.

Pos"te*ro- (&?;). A combining form meaning posterior, back; as,
postero-inferior, situated back and below; postero-lateral, situated
back and at the side.

Post`ex*ist" (?), v. i. [Pref. post-  + exist.] To exist after; to live
subsequently. [Obs. or R.]

Post`ex*ist"ence (?), n. Subsequent existence.

Post`ex*ist"ent (?), a. Existing or living after. [R.] "Postexistent
atoms." Cudworth.

Post"fact` (?), a. [See Post-, and Fact.] Relating to a fact that
occurs after another.

Post"fact`, n. A fact that occurs after another. "Confirmed upon the
postfact." Fuller.

||Post`fac"tum (?), n. [LL.] (Rom. & Eng. Law) Same as Postfact.

Post"-fine` (?), n. [Pref. post- + fine.] (O. Eng. Law) A duty paid to
the king by the cognizee in a fine of lands, when the same was fully
passed; -- called also the king's silver.

Post"fix (?), n.; pl. Postfixes (#). [Pref. post- + -fix, as in prefix:
cf. F. postfixe.] (Gram.) A letter, syllable, or word, added to the end
of another word; a suffix. Parkhurst.

Post*fix" (?), v. t. To annex; specifically (Gram.), to add or annex,
as a letter, syllable, or word, to the end of another or principal
word; to suffix. Parkhurst.

Post*fron"tal (?), a. [Pref. post-  + frontal.] (Anat.) Situated behind
the frontal bone or the frontal region of the skull; -- applied
especially to a bone back of and below the frontal in many animals. --
n. A postfrontal bone.

||Post*fur"ca (?), n.; pl. PostfurcÊ (#). [NL., fr. post behind + furca
||a fork.] (Zoˆl.) One of the internal thoracic processes of the
||sternum of an insect.

Post*gen"i*ture (?; 135), n. [Pref. post- + L. genitura birth,
geniture.] The condition of being born after another in the same
family; -- distinguished from primogeniture. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Post*gle"noid (?), a. [Pref. post-  + glenoid.] (Anat.) Situated behind
the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone.

Post`haste" (?), n. Haste or speed in traveling, like that of a post or
courier. Shak.

Post`haste, adv. With speed or expedition; as, he traveled posthaste;
to send posthaste. Shak.

Pos*thet"o*my (?), n. [Gr. po`sqh prepuce + te`mnein to cut.] (Med.)
Circumcision. Dunglison.

Post"house` (?), n. 1. A house established for the convenience of the
post, where relays of horses can be obtained.

2. A house for distributing the malls; a post office.

{ Post"hume (?), Post"humed (?), } a. Posthumous. [Obs.] I. Watts.
Fuller.

Post"hu*mous (?; 277), a. [L. posthumus, postumus, properly, last;
hence, late born (applied to children born after the father's death, or
after he had made his will), superl. of posterus, posterior. See
Posterior.] 1. Born after the death of the father, or taken from the
dead body of the mother; as, a posthumous son or daughter.

2. Published after the death of the author; as, posthumous works; a
posthumous edition.

3. Being or continuing after one's death; as, a posthumous reputation.
Addison. Sir T. Browne.

Post"hu*mous*ly, adv. In a posthumous manner; after one's decease.

Pos"tic (?), a. [L. posticus, fr. post after, behind.] Backward. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.

Pos"ti*cous (?), a. [L. posticus.] (Bot.) (a) Posterior. (b) Situated
on the outer side of a filament; -- said of an extrorse anther.

Pos"til (?), n. [F. postille, apostille, LL. postilla, probably from L.
post illa (sc. verba) after those (words). Cf. Apostil.] 1. Originally,
an explanatory note in the margin of the Bible, so called because
written after the text; hence, a marginal note; a comment.

    Langton also made postils upon the whole Bible.


Foxe.

2. (R. C. Ch. & Luth. Ch.) A short homily or commentary on a passage of
Scripture; as, the first postils were composed by order of Charlemagne.

Pos"til, v. t. [Cf. LL. postillare.] To write marginal or explanatory
notes on; to gloss. Bacon.

Pos"til, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Postiled (&?;) or Postilled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Postiling or Postilling.] To write postils, or marginal notes; to
comment; to postillate.

    Postiling and allegorizing on Scripture.


J. H. Newman.

Pos"til*er (?), n. [Written also postiller.] One who writers marginal
notes; one who illustrates the text of a book by notes in the margin.
Sir T. Browne.

Pos*til"ion (?), n. [F. postillon, It. postiglione, fr. posta post. See
Post a postman.] One who rides and guides the first pair of horses of a
coach or post chaise; also, one who rides one of the horses when one
pair only is used. [Written also postillion.]

Pos"til*late (?), v. t. [LL. postillatus, p. p. of postillare.] To
explain by marginal notes; to postil.

    Tracts . . . postillated by his own hand.


C. Knight.

Pos"til*late, v. i. 1. To write postils; to comment.

2. To preach by expounding Scripture verse by verse, in regular order.

Pos`til*la"tion (?), n. [LL. postillatio.] The act of postillating;
exposition of Scripture in preaching.

Pos"til*la`tor (?), n. [LL.] One who postillates; one who expounds the
Scriptures verse by verse.

Pos"til*ler (?), n. See Postiler.

Post"ing (?), n. 1. The act of traveling post.

2. (Bookkeeping) The act of transferring an account, as from the
journal to the ledger.

Posting house, a post house.

Post`li*min"i*ar (?), a. [See Postliminium.] Contrived, done, or
existing subsequently. "Postliminious after applications of them to
their purposes." South.

Post`li*min"i*a*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or involving, the right of
postliminium.

{ ||Post`li*min"i*um (?), Post*lim"i*ny (?), } n. [L. postliminium,
post after + limen, liminis, a threshold.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) The return
to his own country, and his former privileges, of a person who had gone
to sojourn in a foreign country, or had been banished, or taken by an
enemy. Burrill.

2. (Internat. Law) The right by virtue of which persons and things
taken by an enemy in war are restored to their former state when coming
again under the power of the nation to which they belonged. Kent.

Post"lude (?), n. [Pref. post- + -lude, as in prelude.] (Med.) A
voluntary at the end of a service.

Post"man (?), n.; pl. Postmen (&?;). 1. A post or courier; a letter
carrier.

2. (Eng. Law) One of the two most experienced barristers in the Court
of Exchequer, who have precedence in motions; -- so called from the
place where he sits. The other of the two is called the tubman.
Whishaw.

Post"mark` (?), n. The mark, or stamp, of a post office on a letter,
giving the place and date of mailing or of arrival.

Post"mark`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postmarked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Postmarking.] To mark with a post-office stamp; as, to postmark a
letter or parcel.

Post"mas`ter (?), n. 1. One who has charge of a station for the
accommodation of travelers; one who supplies post horses.

2. One who has charge of a post office, and the distribution and
forwarding of mails.

Post"mas`ter-gen"er*al (?), n.; pl. Postmasters-general. The chief
officer of the post-office department of a government. In the United
States the postmaster-general is a member of the cabinet.

Post"mas`ter*ship, n. The office of postmaster.

Post`me*rid"i*an (?), a. [L. postmeridianus; post after + meridianus.
See Meridian.] 1. Coming after the sun has passed the meridian; being
in, or belonging to, the afternoon. (Abbrev. P. M.)

2. Fig., belonging to the after portion of life; late. [R.]

||Post-mor"tem (?), a. [L., after death.] After death; as, post-mortem
||rigidity.

Post-mortem examination (Med.), an examination of the body made after
the death of the patient; an autopsy.

||Post*na"res (?), n. pl. [NL. See Post-, and Nares.] (Anat.) The
||posterior nares. See Nares.

Post*na"tal (?), a. [Pref. post- + natal.] After birth; subsequent to
birth; as, postnatal infanticide; postnatal diseases.

Post"nate (?), a. [LL. postnatus second or subsequently born; L. post
after + natus born.] Subsequent. "The graces and gifts of the spirit
are postnate." [Archaic] Jer. Taylor.

Post" note` (?). (Com.) A note issued by a bank, payable at some future
specified time, as distinguished from a note payable on demand.
Burrill.

Post*nup"tial (?), a. [Pref. post-  + nuptial.] Being or happening
after marriage; as, a postnuptial settlement on a wife. Kent.

{ Post-o"bit (?), n., or Post-o"bit bond` }. [Pref. post- + obit.]
(Law) A bond in which the obligor, in consideration of having received
a certain sum of money, binds himself to pay a larger sum, on unusual
interest, on the death of some specified individual from whom he has
expectations. Bouvier.

||Post*ob`lon*ga"ta (?), n. [NL. See Post-, and Oblongata.] (Anat.) The
||posterior part of the medulla oblongata. B. G. Wilder.

Post*oc"u*lar (?), a. & n. [Pref. post- + ocular.] (Zoˆl.) Same as
Postorbital.

Post" of`fice (?), n. See under 4th Post.

Post*o"ral (?), a. [Pref. post- + oral.] (Anat.) Situated behind, or
posterior to, the mouth.

Post*or"bit*al (?), a. [Pref. post-  + orbital.] (Anat. & Zoˆl.)
Situated behind the orbit; as, the postorbital scales of some fishes
and reptiles. -- n. A postorbital bone or scale.

Post"paid` (?), a. Having the postage prepaid, as a letter.

Post*pal"a*tine (?), a. [Pref. post-  + palatine.] (Anat.) Situated
behind the palate, or behind the palatine bones.

Post*pli"o*cene (?), a. (Geol.) [Pref. post- + pliocene.] Of or
pertaining to the period immediately following the Pliocene;
Pleistocene. Also used as a noun. See Quaternary.

Post*pone" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postponed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Postponing.] [L. postponere, postpositum; post after + ponere to place,
put. See Post-, and Position.] 1. To defer to a future or later time;
to put off; also, to cause to be deferred or put off; to delay; to
adjourn; as, to postpone the consideration of a bill to the following
day, or indefinitely.

    His praise postponed, and never to be paid.


Cowper.

2. To place after, behind, or below something, in respect to
precedence, preference, value, or importance.

    All other considerations should give way and be postponed to this.


Locke.

Syn. -- To adjourn; defer; delay; procrastinate.

Post*pone"ment (?), n. The act of postponing; a deferring, or putting
off, to a future time; a temporary delay. Macaulay.

Post*pon"ence (?), n. [From L. postponens, p. pr.] The act of
postponing, in sense 2. [Obs.] Johnson.

Post*pon"er (?), n. One who postpones.

Post*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Postposing.] [F. postposer. See Post-, and Pose, v. t.] To postpone.
[Obs.] Fuller.

Post*pos"it (?), v. t. [L. postpositus, p. p. See Postpone.] To
postpone. [Obs.] Feltham.

Post`po*si"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. postposition. See Postpone.] 1. The act
of placing after, or the state of being placed after. "The postposition
of the nominative case to the verb." Mede.

<! p. 1120 !>

2. A word or particle placed after, or at the end of, another word; --
distinguished from preposition.

Post`po*si"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to postposition.

Post*pos"i*tive (?), a. [See Postpone.] Placed after another word; as,
a postpositive conjunction; a postpositive letter. - -
Post*pos"i*tive*ly, adv.

Post*pran"di*al (?), a. [Pref. post-  + prandial.] Happening, or done,
after dinner; after- dinner; as, postprandial speeches.

Pos*tre`mo*gen"i*ture (?; 135), n. [L. postremus last + genitura birth,
geniture.] The right of the youngest born. Mozley & W.

Post`re*mote" (?), a. [Pref. post-  + remote.] More remote in
subsequent time or order.

Post"rid`er (?), n. One who rides over a post road to carry the mails.
Bancroft.

||Post*scap"u*la (?), n. [NL. See Post-, and Scapula.] (Anat.) The part
||of the scapula behind or below the spine, or mesoscapula.

Post*scap"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the postscapula;
infraspinous.

||Post*sce"ni*um (?), n. [L., fr. post + scena a scene.] The part of a
||theater behind the scenes; the back part of the stage of a theater.

Post*scribe" (?), v. t. [L. postscribere. See Postscript.] To make a
postscript. [R.] T. Adams.

Post"script (?), n. [L. postscriptus, (assumed) p. p. of postscribere
to write after; post after + scribere to write: cf. F. postscriptum.
See Post-, and Scribe.] A paragraph added to a letter after it is
concluded and signed by the writer; an addition made to a book or
composition after the main body of the work has been finished,
containing something omitted, or something new occurring to the writer.
[Abbrev. P. S.]

Post"script*ed, a. Having a postscript; added in a postscript. [R.] J.
Q. Adams.

||Post`scu*tel"lum (?), n. [NL. See Post-, and Scutellum.] (Zoˆl.) The
||hindermost dorsal piece of a thoracic somite of an insect; the plate
||behind the scutellum.

Post*sphe"noid (?), a. [Pref. post-  + sphenoid.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the posterior part of the sphenoid bone.

Post-tem"po*ral (?), a. [Pref. post-  + temporal.] (Anat.) Situated
back of the temporal bone or the temporal region of the skull; --
applied especially to a bone which usually connects the supraclavicle
with the skull in the pectoral arch of fishes. -- n. A post-temporal
bone.

Post*ter"ti*a*ry (?), a. [Pref. post-  + tertiary.] (Geol.) Following,
or more recent than, the Tertiary; Quaternary.

||Post"-tra`gus (?), n. [NL. See Post-, and Tragus.] (Anat.) A ridge
||within and behind the tragus in the ear of some animals.

Post`-tym*pan"ic (?), a. [Pref. post-  + tympanic.] (Anat.) Situated
behind the tympanum, or in the skull, behind the auditory meatus.

Pos"tu*lant (?; 135), n. [F., fr. L. postulans, p. pr. of postulare.
See Postulate.] One who makes a request or demand; hence, a candidate.

Pos"tu*late (?), n. [L. postulatum a demand, request, prop. p. p. of
postulare to demand, prob. a dim. of poscere to demand, prob. for
porcscere; akin to G. forschen to search, investigate, Skr. prach to
ask, and L. precari to pray: cf. F. postulat. See Pray.] 1. Something
demanded or asserted; especially, a position or supposition assumed
without proof, or one which is considered as self-evident; a truth to
which assent may be demanded or challenged, without argument or
evidence.

2. (Geom.) The enunciation of a self- evident problem, in distinction
from an axiom, which is the enunciation of a self-evident theorem.

    The distinction between a postulate and an axiom lies in this, --
    that the latter is admitted to be self-evident, while the former
    may be agreed upon between two reasoners, and admitted by both, but
    not as proposition which it would be impossible to deny.


Eng. Cyc.

Pos"tu*late, a. Postulated. [Obs.] Hudibras.

Pos"tu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Postulating.] 1. To beg, or assume without proof; as, to postulate
conclusions.

2. To take without express consent; to assume.

    The Byzantine emperors appear to have . . . postulated a sort of
    paramount supremacy over this nation.


W. Tooke.

3. To invite earnestly; to solicit. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

Pos"tu*la`ted (?), a. Assumed without proof; as, a postulated
inference. Sir T. Browne.

Pos`tu*la"tion (?), n. [L. postulatio: cf. F. postulation.] The act of
postulating, or that which is postulated; assumption; solicitation;
suit; cause.

Pos"tu*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. postulatorius.] Of the nature of a
postulate. Sir T. Browne.

||Pos`tu*la"tum (?), n.; pl. Postulata (#). [L. See Postulate, n.] A
||postulate. Addison.

Pos"tu*mous (?), a. See Posthumous. [R.]

Pos"tur*al (?; 135), a. Of or pertaining to posture.

Pos"ture (?; 135), n. [F., fr. L. positura, fr. ponere, positum, to
place. See Position.] 1. The position of the body; the situation or
disposition of the several parts of the body with respect to each
other, or for a particular purpose; especially (Fine Arts), the
position of a figure with regard to the several principal members by
which action is expressed; attitude.

    Atalanta, the posture of whose limbs was so lively expressed . . .
    one would have sworn the very picture had run.


Sir P. Sidney.

    In most strange postures We have seen him set himself.


Shak.

    The posture of a poetic figure is a description of his heroes in
    the performance of such or such an action.


Dryden.

2. Place; position; situation. [Obs.] Milton.

    His [man's] noblest posture and station in this world.


Sir M. Hale.

3. State or condition, whether of external circumstances, or of
internal feeling and will; disposition; mood; as, a posture of defense;
the posture of affairs.

    The several postures of his devout soul.


Atterbury.

Syn. -- Attitude; position. See Attitude.

Pos"ture (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Posturing.] To place in a particular position or attitude; to dispose
the parts of, with reference to a particular purpose; as, to posture
one's self; to posture a model. Howell.

Pos"ture, v. i. 1. To assume a particular posture or attitude; to
contort the body into artificial attitudes, as an acrobat or
contortionist; also, to pose.

2. Fig.: To assume a character; as, to posture as a saint.

Pos`tur*er (?), n. One who postures.

||Post*zyg`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Postzygapophyses (#). [NL. See
||Post- , and Zygapophysis.] (Anat.) A posterior zygapophysis.

Po"sy (?), n.; pl. Posies (#). [Contr. fr. poesy.] 1. A brief poetical
sentiment; hence, any brief sentiment, motto, or legend; especially,
one inscribed on a ring. "The posy of a ring." Shak.

2. [Probably so called from the use of flowers as having an enigmatical
significance. Wedgwood.] A flower; a bouquet; a nosegay. "Bridegroom's
posies." Spenser.

    We make a difference between suffering thistles to grow among us,
    and wearing them for posies.


Swift.

Pot (?), n. [Akin to LG. pott, D. pot, Dan. potte, Sw. potta, Icel.
pottr, F. pot; of unknown origin.] 1. A metallic or earthen vessel,
appropriated to any of a great variety of uses, as for boiling meat or
vegetables, for holding liquids, for plants, etc.; as, a quart pot; a
flower pot; a bean pot.

2. An earthen or pewter cup for liquors; a mug.

3. The quantity contained in a pot; a potful; as, a pot of ale. "Give
her a pot and a cake." De Foe.

4. A metal or earthenware extension of a flue above the top of a
chimney; a chimney pot.

5. A crucible; as, a graphite pot; a melting pot.

6. A wicker vessel for catching fish, eels, etc.

7. A perforated cask for draining sugar. Knight.

8. A size of paper. See Pott.

Jack pot. See under 2d Jack. -- Pot cheese, cottage cheese. See under
Cottage. -- Pot companion, a companion in drinking. -- Pot hanger, a
pothook. -- Pot herb, any plant, the leaves or stems of which are
boiled for food, as spinach, lamb's-quarters, purslane, and many
others. -- Pot hunter, one who kills anything and everything that will
help to fill has bag; also, a hunter who shoots game for the table or
for the market. -- Pot metal. (a) The metal from which iron pots are
made, different from common pig iron. (b) An alloy of copper with lead
used for making large vessels for various purposes in the arts. Ure.
(c) A kind of stained glass, the colors of which are incorporated with
the melted glass in the pot. Knight. -- Pot plant (Bot.), either of the
trees which bear the monkey-pot. -- Pot wheel (Hydraul.), a noria. --
To go to pot, to go to destruction; to come to an end of usefulness; to
become refuse. [Colloq.] Dryden. J. G. Saxe.

Pot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Potted; p. pr. & vb. n. Potting.] To place or
inclose in pots; as: (a) To preserve seasoned in pots. "Potted fowl and
fish." Dryden. (b) To set out or cover in pots; as, potted plants or
bulbs. (c) To drain; as, to pot sugar, by taking it from the cooler,
and placing it in hogsheads, etc., having perforated heads, through
which the molasses drains off. B. Edwards. (d) (Billiards) To pocket.

Pot, v. i. To tipple; to drink. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

    It is less labor to plow than to pot it.


Feltham.

Po"ta*ble (?), a. [F., fr. L. potabilis, fr. potare to drink; akin to
Gr. po`tos a drinking, po`sis a drink, Skr. p to drink, OIr. ibim I
drink. Cf. Poison, Bib, Imbibe.] Fit to be drunk; drinkable. "Water
fresh and potable." Bacon. -- n. A potable liquid; a beverage. "Useful
in potables." J. Philips.

Po"ta*ble*ness, n. The quality of being drinkable.

Pot"age (?; 48), n. See Pottage.

Pot"a*ger (?), n. [F. fr. potage soup, porridge. See Pottage.] A
porringer. [Obs.] Grew.

Po*tag"ro (?), n. See Potargo.

Pot"ale` (?), n. The refuse from a grain distillery, used to fatten
swine.

Po*ta"mi*an (?), n. [Gr. &?; river.] (Zoˆl.) A river tortoise; one of a
group of tortoises (Potamites, or Trionychoidea) having a soft shell,
webbed feet, and a sharp beak. See Trionyx.

Pot`a*mog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; river + -graphy.] An account or
description of rivers; potamology.

Pot`a*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; river + -logy.] A scientific account or
discussion of rivers; a treatise on rivers; potamography.

||Pot`a*mo*spon"gi*Ê (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; river + &?; a
||sponge.] (Zoˆl.) The fresh-water sponges. See Spongilla.

Po"tance (?), n. [F. potence. See Potence, Potency.] (Watch Making) The
stud in which the bearing for the lower pivot of the verge is made.

Po*tar"go (?), n. [Cf. Botargo.] A kind of sauce or pickle. King.

Pot"ash` (?), n. [Pot + ash.] (Chem.) (a) The hydroxide of potassium
hydrate, a hard white brittle substance, KOH, having strong caustic and
alkaline properties; -- hence called also caustic potash. (b) The
impure potassium carbonate obtained by leaching wood ashes, either as a
strong solution (lye), or as a white crystalline (pearlash).

Pot"ash`es (?), n. pl. (Chem.) Potash. [Obs.]

Po*tas"sa (?), n. [NL., fr. E. potash.] (Chem.) (a) Potassium oxide.
[Obs.] (b) Potassium hydroxide, commonly called caustic potash.

Pot`ass*am"ide (?), n. [Potassium + amide.] (Chem.) A yellowish brown
substance obtained by heating potassium in ammonia.

Po*tas"sic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, potassium.

Po*tas"si*um (?), n. [NL. See Potassa, Potash.] (Chem.) An Alkali
element having atomic number 19, occurring abundantly but always
combined, as in the chloride, sulphate, carbonate, or silicate, in the
minerals sylvite, kainite, orthoclase, muscovite, etc. Atomic weight
39.1. Symbol K (Kalium).

It is reduced from the carbonate as a soft white metal, lighter than
water, which oxidizes with the greatest readiness, and, to be
preserved, must be kept under liquid hydrocarbons, as naphtha or
kerosene. Its compounds are very important, being used in glass making,
soap making, in fertilizers, and in many drugs and chemicals.

Potassium permanganate, the salt KMnO4, crystallizing in dark red
prisms having a greenish surface color, and dissolving in water with a
beautiful purple red color; -- used as an oxidizer and disinfectant.
The name chameleon mineral is applied to this salt and also to
potassium manganate. -- Potassium bitartrate. See Cream of tartar,
under Cream.

Pot`ass*ox"yl (?), n. [Potassium + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) The radical
KO, derived from, and supposed to exist in, potassium hydroxide and
other compounds.

Po*ta"tion (?), n. [L. potatio, fr. potare. See Potable.] 1. The act of
drinking. Jer. Taylor.

2. A draught. "Potations pottle deep." Shak.

3. Drink; beverage. "Thin potations." Shak.

Po*ta"to (?), n.; pl. Potatoes (#). [Sp. patata potato, batata sweet
potato, from the native American name (probably batata) in Hayti.]
(Bot.) (a) A plant (Solanum tuberosum) of the Nightshade family, and
its esculent farinaceous tuber, of which there are numerous varieties
used for food. It is native of South America, but a form of the species
is found native as far north as New Mexico. (b) The sweet potato (see
below).

Potato beetle, Potato bug. (Zoˆl.) (a) A beetle (Doryphora
decemlineata) which feeds, both in the larval and adult stages, upon
the leaves of the potato, often doing great damage. Called also
Colorado potato beetle, and Doryphora. See Colorado beetle. (b) The
Lema trilineata, a smaller and more slender striped beetle which feeds
upon the potato plant, bur does less injury than the preceding species.
-- Potato fly (Zoˆl.), any one of several species of blister beetles
infesting the potato vine. The black species (Lytta atrata), the
striped (L. vittata), and the gray (L. cinerea, or Fabricii) are the
most common. See Blister beetle, under Blister. -- Potato rot, a
disease of the tubers of the potato, supposed to be caused by a kind of
mold (Peronospora infestans), which is first seen upon the leaves and
stems. -- Potato weevil (Zoˆl.), an American weevil (Baridius
trinotatus) whose larva lives in and kills the stalks of potato vines,
often causing serious damage to the crop. -- Potato whisky, a strong,
fiery liquor, having a hot, smoky taste, and rich in amyl alcohol
(fusel oil); it is made from potatoes or potato starch. -- Potato worm
(Zoˆl.), the large green larva of a sphinx, or hawk moth (Macrosila
quinquemaculata); -- called also tomato worm. See Illust. under Tomato.
-- Seaside potato (Bot.), Ipomúa Pes-CaprÊ, a kind of morning-glory
with rounded and emarginate or bilobed leaves. [West Indies] -- Sweet
potato (Bot.), a climbing plant (Ipomúa Balatas) allied to the
morning-glory. Its farinaceous tubers have a sweetish taste, and are
used, when cooked, for food. It is probably a native of Brazil, but is
cultivated extensively in the warmer parts of every continent, and even
as far north as New Jersey. The name potato was applied to this plant
before it was to the Solanum tuberosum, and this is the "potato" of the
Southern United States. -- Wild potato. (Bot.) (a) A vine (Ipomúa
pandurata) having a pale purplish flower and an enormous root. It is
common in sandy places in the United States. (b) A similar tropical
American plant (I. fastigiata) which it is thought may have been the
original stock of the sweet potato.

Po*ta"tor (?), n. [L.] A drinker. [R.] Southey.

Po"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. potatorius, from potare to drink.] Of or
pertaining to drinking. Ld. Lytton.

Pot"-bel`lied (?), a. Having a protuberant belly, like the bottom of a
pot.

Pot"-bel`ly (?), n. A protuberant belly.

Pot"boil`er (?), n. A term applied derisively to any literary or
artistic work, and esp. a painting, done simply for money and the means
of living. [Cant]

Pot"boy` (?), n. A boy who carries pots of ale, beer, etc.; a menial in
a public house.

Potch (?), v. i. [Cf. Poach to stab.] To thrust; to push. [Obs.] "I 'll
potch at him some way." Shak.

Potch, v. t. See Poach, to cook. [Obs.] Wiseman.

Potch"er (?), n. One who, or that which, potches.

Potcher engine (Paper Making), a machine in which washed rags are
stirred in a bleaching solution.

Pot"e*ca*ry (?), n. An apothecary. [Obs.]

Po*teen" (?), n. [Cf. Ir. potaim, poitim, I drink, poitin a small pot.]
Whisky; especially, whisky illicitly distilled by the Irish peasantry.
[Written also potheen, and potteen.]

Po"te*lot (?), n. [F.,; cf. G. pottloth black lead.] (Old Chem. & Min.)
Molybdenum sulphide.

Po"tence (?), n. [F., fr. LL. potentia staff, crutch, L., might, power.
See Potency.] Potency; capacity. [R.] Sir W. Hamilton.

<! p. 1121 !>

Po"ten*cy (?), n. [L. potentia, from potens, -entis, potent. See
Potent, and cf. Potance, Potence, Puissance.] The quality or state of
being potent; physical or moral power; inherent strength; energy;
ability to effect a purpose; capability; efficacy; influence. "Drugs of
potency." Hawthorne.

    A place of potency and away o' the state.


Shak.

Po"tent (?), a. [L. potens, - entis, p. pr. of posse to be able, to
have power, fr. potis able, capable (akin to Skr. pati master, lord) +
esse to be. See Host a landlord, Am, and cf. Despot, Podesta, Possible,
Power, Puissant.] 1. Producing great physical effects; forcible;
powerful' efficacious; as, a potent medicine. "Harsh and potent
injuries." Shak.

    Moses once more his potent rod extends.


Milton.

2. Having great authority, control, or dominion; puissant; mighty;
influential; as, a potent prince. "A potent dukedom." Shak.

    Most potent, grave, and reverend signiors.


Shak.

3. Powerful, in an intellectual or moral sense; having great influence;
as, potent interest; a potent argument.

Cross potent. (Her.) See Illust. (7) of Cross.

Syn. -- Powerful; mighty; puissant; strong; able; efficient; forcible;
efficacious; cogent; influential.

Po"tent, n. 1. A prince; a potentate. [Obs.] Shak.

2. [See Potence.] A staff or crutch. [Obs.]

3. (Her.) One of the furs; a surface composed of patches which are
supposed to represent crutch heads; they are always alternately argent
and azure, unless otherwise specially mentioned.

Counter potent (Her.), a fur differing from potent in the arrangement
of the patches.

Po"ten*ta*cy (?), n. [See Potentate.] Sovereignty. [Obs.]

Po"ten*tate (?), n. [LL. potentatus, fr. potentare to exercise power:
cf. F. potentat. See Potent, a.] One who is potent; one who possesses
great power or sway; a prince, sovereign, or monarch.

    The blessed and only potentate.


1 Tim. vi. 15.

    Cherub and seraph, potentates and thrones.


Milton.

Po*ten"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. potentiel. See Potency.] 1. Being potent;
endowed with energy adequate to a result; efficacious; influential.
[Obs.] "And hath in his effect a voice potential." Shak.

2. Existing in possibility, not in actuality. "A potential hero."
Carlyle.

    Potential existence means merely that the thing may be at ome time;
    actual existence, that it now is.


Sir W. Hamilton.

Potential cautery. See under Cautery. -- Potential energy. (Mech.) See
the Note under Energy. -- Potential mood, or mode (Gram.), that form of
the verb which is used to express possibility, liberty, power, will,
obligation, or necessity, by the use of may, can, must, might, could,
would, or should; as, I may go; he can write.

Po*ten"tial, n. 1. Anything that may be possible; a possibility;
potentially. Bacon.

2. (Math.) In the theory of gravitation, or of other forces acting in
space, a function of the rectangular coordinates which determine the
position of a point, such that its differential coefficients with
respect to the coˆrdinates are equal to the components of the force at
the point considered; -- also called potential function, or force
function. It is called also Newtonian potential when the force is
directed to a fixed center and is inversely as the square of the
distance from the center.

3. (Elec.) The energy of an electrical charge measured by its power to
do work; hence, the degree of electrification as referred to some
standard, as that of the earth; electro-motive force.

Po*ten`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being potential;
possibility, not actuality; inherent capability or disposition, not
actually exhibited.

Po*ten"tial*ly (?), adv. 1. With power; potently. [Obs.]

2. In a potential manner; possibly, not positively.

    The duration of human souls is only potentially infinite.


Bentley.

Po*ten"ti*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Potentiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Potentiating.] To render active or potent. Coleridge.

Po*ten`ti*om"e*ter (?), n. [Potential + -meter.] (Elec.) An instrument
for measuring or comparing electrial potentials or electro-motive
forces.

Po"ten*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Potentized; p. pr. & vb. n.
Potentizing.] To render the latent power of (anything) available.
Dunglison.

Po"tent*ly (?), adv. With great force or energy; powerfully;
efficaciously. "You are potently opposed." Shak.

Po"tent*ness, n. The quality or state of being potent; powerfulness;
potency; efficacy.

Po"tes*tate (?), n. A chief ruler; a potentate. [Obs.] Wyclif. "An
irous potestate." Chaucer.

Po*tes"ta*tive (?), a. [L. potestativus, fr. potestas power: cf. F.
potestatif. See Potent.] Authoritative. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.

Pot"gun` (?), n. 1. A pot-shaped cannon; a mortar. [Obs.] "Twelve
potguns of brass." Hakluyt.

2. A popgun. [Obs.] Swift.

Poth"e*ca*ry (?), n. An apothecary. [Obs.]

Po*theen" (?), n. See Poteen.

Poth"er (?), n. [Cf. D. peuteren to rummage, poke. Cf. Potter, Pudder.]
Bustle; confusion; tumult; flutter; bother. [Written also potter, and
pudder.] "What a pother and stir!" Oldham. "Coming on with a terrible
pother." Wordsworth.

Poth"er, v. i. To make a bustle or stir; to be fussy.

Poth"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pothered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pothering.]
To harass and perplex; to worry. "Pothers and wearies himself." Locke.

Pot"hole` (?), n. A circular hole formed in the rocky beds of rivers by
the grinding action of stones or gravel whirled round by the water in
what was at first a natural depression of the rock.

Pot"hook` (?), n. 1. An S-shaped hook on which pots and kettles are
hung over an open fire.

2. A written character curved like a pothook; (pl.) a scrawled writing.
"I long to be spelling her Arabic scrawls and pothooks." Dryden.

Pot"house` (?), n. An alehouse. T. Warton.

{ ||Po`ti*cho*ma"ni*a (?), ||Po`ti*cho*ma"nie (?), } n. [F.
potichomanie; potiche a porcelain vase + manie mania.] The art or
process of coating the inside of glass vessels with engravings or
paintings, so as to give them the appearance of painted ware.

Po"tion (?), n. [L. potio, from potare to drink: cf. F. potion. See
Poison.] A draught; a dose; usually, a draught or dose of a liquid
medicine. Shak.

Po"tion (?), v. t. To drug. [Obs.] Speed.

Pot"lid` (?), n. The lid or cover of a pot.

Potlid valve, a valve covering a round hole or the end of a pipe or
pump barrel, resembling a potlid in form.

Pot"luck` (?), n. Whatever may chance to be in the pot, or may be
provided for a meal.

    A woman whose potluck was always to be relied on.


G. Eliot.

To take potluck, to take what food may chance to be provided.

Pot"man (?), n.; pl. Potmen (&?;). 1. A pot companion. [Obs.] Life of
A. Wood (1663).

2. A servant in a public house; a potboy.

||Po*too" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A large South American goatsucker (Nyctibius
||grandis).

||Po`to*roo" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any small kangaroo belonging to
||Hypsiprymnus, Bettongia, and allied genera, native of Australia and
||Tasmania. Called also kangaroo rat.

Pot"pie` (?), n. A meat pie which is boiled instead of being baked.

Pot`pour`ri" (?), n. [F., fr. pot pot + pourri, p. p. of pourrir to
rot, L. putrere. Cf. Olla-podrida.] A medley or mixture. Specifically:
(a) A ragout composed of different sorts of meats, vegetables, etc.,
cooked together. (b) A jar or packet of flower leaves, perfumes, and
spices, used to scent a room. (c) A piece of music made up of different
airs strung together; a medley. (d) A literary production composed of
parts brought together without order or bond of connection.

Pots"dam group` (&?;). (Geol.) A subdivision of the Primordial or
Cambrian period in American geology; -- so named from the sandstone of
Potsdam, New York. See Chart of Geology.

{ Pot"shard` (?), Pot"share` (?), } n. A potsherd. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pot"sherd` (?), n. [Pot + sherd or shard.] A piece or fragment of a
broken pot. Job ii. 8.

Pot"stone` (?), n. (Min.) A variety of steatite sometimes manufactured
into culinary vessels.

Pot"-sure` (-shr), a. Made confident by drink. [Obs.]

Pott (?), n. A size of paper. See under Paper.

Pot"tage (?; 48), n. [F. potage, fr. pot pot. See Pot, and cf.
Porridge, Porringer.] A kind of food made by boiling vegetables or
meat, or both together, in water, until soft; a thick soup or porridge.
[Written also potage.] Chaucer.

    Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentils.


Gen. xxv. 34.

Pot"tain (?), n. Old pot metal. [Obs.] Holland.

Pot*teen" (?), n. See Poteen.

Pot"ter (?), n. [Cf. F. potier.] 1. One whose occupation is to make
earthen vessels. Ps. ii. 9.

    The potter heard, and stopped his wheel.


Longfellow.

2. One who hawks crockery or earthenware. [Prov. Eng.] De Quincey.

3. One who pots meats or other eatables.

4. (Zoˆl.) The red-bellied terrapin. See Terrapin.

Potter's asthma (Med.), emphysema of the lungs; -- so called because
very prevalent among potters. Parkers. -- Potter's clay. See under
Clay. -- Potter's field, a public burial place, especially in a city,
for paupers, unknown persons, and criminals; -- so named from the field
south of Jerusalem, mentioned in Matt. xxvii. 7. -- Potter's ore. See
Alquifou. -- Potter's wheel, a horizontal revolving disk on which the
clay is molded into form with the hands or tools. "My thoughts are
whirled like a potter's wheel." Shak. -- Potter wasp (Zoˆl.), a small
solitary wasp (Eumenes fraternal) which constructs a globular nest of
mud and sand in which it deposits insect larvÊ, such as cankerworms, as
food for its young.

Pot"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pottered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pottering.]
[Cf. W. pwtio to poke, or OD. poteren to search one thoroughly, Sw.
pÂta, peta, to pick, E. pother, put.] 1. To busy one's self with
trifles; to labor with little purpose, energy, of effect; to trifle; to
pother.

    Pottering about the Mile End cottages.


Mrs. Humphry Ward.

2. To walk lazily or idly; to saunter.

Pot"ter, v. t. To poke; to push; also, to disturb; to confuse; to
bother. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Pot"tern (?), a. Of or pertaining to potters.

Pottern ore, a species of ore which, from its aptness to vitrify like
the glazing of potter's wares, the miners call by this name. Boyle.

Pot"ter*y (?), n.; pl. Potteries (#). [F. poterie, fr. pot. See Pot.]
1. The vessels or ware made by potters; earthenware, glazed and baked.

2. The place where earthen vessels are made.

Pot"ting (?), n. 1. Tippling. [Obs.] Shak.

2. The act of placing in a pot; as, the potting of plants; the potting
of meats for preservation.

3. The process of putting sugar in casks for cleansing and draining.
[West Indies] B. Edwards.

Pot"tle (?), n. [OE. potel, OF. potel, dim. of pot. See Pot.] 1. A
liquid measure of four pints.

2. A pot or tankard. Shak.

    A dry pottle of sack before him.


Sir W. Scott.

3. A vessel or small basket for holding fruit.

    He had a . . . pottle of strawberries in one hand.


Dickens.

Pottle draught, taking a pottle of liquor at one draught. [ Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.

||Pot"to (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) A nocturnal mammal (Perodictius potto) of
||the Lemur family, found in West Africa. It has rudimentary
||forefingers. Called also aposoro, and bush dog. (b) The kinkajou.

Pott's" dis*ease" (?). (Med.) Caries of the vertebrÊ, frequently
resulting in curvature of the spine and paralysis of the lower
extremities; -- so named from Percival Pott, an English surgeon.

Pott's fracture, a fracture of the lower end of the fibula, with
displacement of the tibia. Dunglison.

Pot"u*lent (?), a. [L. potulentus, fr. potus a drinking, drink, fr.
potare to drink.] 1. Fit to drink; potable. [Obs.] Johnson.

2. Nearly drunk; tipsy. [Obs.]

Pot"-val`iant (?), a. Having the courage given by drink. Smollett.

Pot"-wal`lop*er (?), n. 1. A voter in certain boroughs of England,
where, before the passage of the reform bill of 1832, the qualification
for suffrage was to have boiled (walloped) his own pot in the parish
for six months.

2. One who cleans pots; a scullion. [Slang, U. S.]

Pouch (?), n. [F. poche a pocket, pouch, bag; probably of Teutonic
origin. See Poke a bag, and cf. Poach to cook eggs, to plunder.] 1. A
small bag; usually, a leathern bag; as, a pouch for money; a shot
pouch; a mail pouch, etc.

2. That which is shaped like, or used as, a pouch; as: (a) A
protuberant belly; a paunch; -- so called in ridicule. (b) (Zoˆl.) A
sac or bag for carrying food or young; as, the cheek pouches of certain
rodents, and the pouch of marsupials. (c) (Med.) A cyst or sac
containing fluid. S. Sharp. (d) (Bot.) A silicle, or short pod, as of
the shepherd's purse. (e) A bulkhead in the hold of a vessel, to
prevent grain, etc., from shifting.

Pouch mouth, a mouth with blubbered or swollen lips.

Pouch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pouched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pouching.] 1.
To put or take into a pouch.

2. To swallow; -- said of fowls. Derham.

3. To pout. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

4. To pocket; to put up with. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

Pouched (?), a. (Zoˆl.) (a) Having a marsupial pouch; as, the pouched
badger, or the wombat. (b) Having external cheek pouches; as, the
pouched gopher. (c) Having internal cheek pouches; as, the pouched
squirrels.

Pouched dog. (Zoˆl.) See Zebra wolf, under Zebra. -- Pouched frog
(Zoˆl.), the nototrema, the female of which has a dorsal pouch in which
the eggs are hatched, and in which the young pass through their brief
tadpole stage. -- Pouched gopher, or Pouched rat. (Zoˆl.) See Pocket
gopher, under Pocket. -- Pouched mouse. (Zoˆl.) See Pocket mouse, under
Pocket.

Pou"chet box` (?). See Pouncet box.

Pouch"-mouthed` (?), a. Having a pouch mouth; blobber-lipped.

Pou*chong" (?), n. A superior kind of souchong tea. De Colange.

Pouch"-shell` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small British and American pond snail
(Bulinus hypnorum).

Pou"dre (?), n. [See Powder.] Dust; powder. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Poudre marchant [see Merchant], a kind of flavoring powder used in the
Middle Ages. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pou*drette" (?), n. [F., dim. of poudre dust, powder. See Powder.] A
manure made from night soil, dried and mixed with charcoal, gypsum,
etc.

Pou*laine" (?), n. [F. soulier ‡ la poulaine.] A long pointed shoe. See
Cracowes.

Poul"da`vis (?), n. Same as Poledavy. [Obs.]

Poul"der (?), n. & v. Powder. [Obs.]

Poul"dron (?), n. See Pauldron.

{ Poulp, Poulpe (?) }, n. [F. poulpe, fr. L. polypus. See Polyp.]
(Zoˆl.) Same as Octopus.

Musk poulp (Zoˆl.), a Mediterranean octopod (Eledone moschata) which
emits a strong odor of musk.

Poult (?), n. [OF. pulte, F. poulet, dim. of poule fowl. See Pullet.] A
young chicken, partridge, grouse, or the like. King. Chapman.

    Starling the heath poults or black game.


R. Jefferise.

Poul"ter (?), n. [OE. pulter. See Poult.] A poulterer. [Obs.] Shak.

Poul"ter*er (?), n. One who deals in poultry.

Poul"tice (?), n. [L. puls, pl. pultes, a thick pap; akin to Gr.
po`ltos. Cf. Pulse seeds.] A soft composition, as of bread, bran, or a
mucilaginous substance, to be applied to sores, inflamed parts of the
body, etc.; a cataplasm. "Poultice relaxeth the pores." Bacon.

Poul"tice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poulticed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Poulticing (?).] To apply a poultice to; to dress with a poultice.

Poul"tive (?), n. A poultice. [Obs.] W. Temple.

Poul"try (?), n. [From Poult.] Domestic fowls reared for the table, or
for their eggs or feathers, such as cocks and hens, capons, turkeys,
ducks, and geese.

Pounce (?), n. [F. ponce pumice, pounce, fr. L. pumex, -icis, pumice.
See Pumice.] 1. A fine powder, as of sandarac, or cuttlefish bone, --
formerly used to prevent ink from spreading on manuscript.

<! p. 1122 !>

2. Charcoal dust, or some other colored powder for making patterns
through perforated designs, -- used by embroiderers, lace makers, etc.

Pounce box, a box for sprinkling pounce. -- Pounce paper, a transparent
paper for tracing.

Pounce (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pounded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pouncing
(?).] To sprinkle or rub with pounce; as, to pounce paper, or a
pattern.

Pounce, n. [Prob. through French, from an assumed LL. punctiare to
prick, L. pungere, punctum. See Puncheon, Punch, v. t.] 1. The claw or
talon of a bird of prey. Spenser. Burke.

2. A punch or stamp. [Obs.] "A pounce to print money with." Withals.

3. Cloth worked in eyelet holes. [Obs.] Homilies.

Pounce, v. t. 1. To strike or seize with the talons; to pierce, as with
the talons. [Archaic]

    Stooped from his highest pitch to pounce a wren.


Cowper.

    Now pounce him lightly, And as he roars and rages, let's go deeper.


J. Fletcher.

2. To punch; to perforate; to stamp holes in, or dots on, by way of
ornament. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

Pounce, v. i. To fall suddenly and seize with the claws; -- with on or
upon; as, a hawk pounces upon a chicken. Also used figuratively.

    Derision is never so agonizing as when it pounces on the wanderings
    of misguided sensibility.


Jeffrey.

Pounced (?), a. 1. Furnished with claws or talons; as, the pounced
young of the eagle. Thomson.

2. Ornamented with perforations or dots. [Obs.] "Gilt bowls pounced and
pierced." Holinshed.

Poun"cet box` (?). [Cf. F. poncette, fr. ponce pounce. See Pounce a
powder.] A box with a perforated lid, for sprinkling pounce, or for
holding perfumes. Shak.

Poun"cing (?), n. 1. The art or practice of transferring a design by
means of pounce.

2. Decorative perforation of cloth. [Obs.]

Pound (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Pounding.] [OE.
pounen, AS. punian to bruise. Cf. Pun a play on words.] 1. To strike
repeatedly with some heavy instrument; to beat.

    With cruel blows she pounds her blubbered cheeks.


Dryden.

2. To comminute and pulverize by beating; to bruise or break into fine
particles with a pestle or other heavy instrument; as, to pound spice
or salt.

Pound, v. i. 1. To strike heavy blows; to beat.

2. (Mach.) To make a jarring noise, as in running; as, the engine
pounds.

Pound, n. [AS. pund an inclosure: cf. forpyndan to turn away, or to
repress, also Icel. pynda to extort, torment, Ir. pont, pond, pound.
Cf. Pinder, Pinfold, Pin to inclose, Pond.] 1. An inclosure, maintained
by public authority, in which cattle or other animals are confined when
taken in trespassing, or when going at large in violation of law; a
pinfold. Shak.

2. A level stretch in a canal between locks.

3. (Fishing) A kind of net, having a large inclosure with a narrow
entrance into which fish are directed by wings spreading outward.

Pound covert, a pound that is close or covered over, as a shed. --
Pound overt, a pound that is open overhead.

Pound, v. t. To confine in, or as in, a pound; to impound. Milton.

Pound, n.; pl. Pounds (#), collectively Pound or Pounds. [AS. pund, fr.
L. pondo, akin to pondus a weight, pendere to weigh. See Pendant.] 1. A
certain specified weight; especially, a legal standard consisting of an
established number of ounces.

The pound in general use in the United States and in England is the
pound avoirdupois, which is divided into sixteen ounces, and contains
7,000 grains. The pound troy is divided into twelve ounces, and
contains 5,760 grains. 144 pounds avoirdupois are equal to 175 pounds
troy weight. See Avoirdupois, and Troy.

2. A British denomination of money of account, equivalent to twenty
shillings sterling, and equal in value to about $4.86. There is no coin
known by this name, but the gold sovereign is of the same value.

The pound sterling was in Saxon times, about a. d. 671, a pound troy of
silver, and a shilling was its twentieth part; consequently the latter
was three times as large as it is at present. Peacham.

Pound"age (?), n. 1. A sum deducted from a pound, or a certain sum paid
for each pound; a commission.

2. A subsidy of twelve pence in the pound, formerly granted to the
crown on all goods exported or imported, and if by aliens, more. [Eng.]
Blackstone.

3. (Law) The sum allowed to a sheriff or other officer upon the amount
realized by an execution; -- estimated in England, and formerly in the
United States, at so much of the pound. Burrill. Bouvier.

Pound"age, v. t. To collect, as poundage; to assess, or rate, by
poundage. [R.]

Pound"age, n. [See 3d Pound.] 1. Confinement of cattle, or other
animals, in a public pound.

2. A charge paid for the release of impounded cattle.

Pound"al (?), n. [From 5th Pound.] (Physics & Mech.) A unit of force
based upon the pound, foot, and second, being the force which, acting
on a pound avoirdupois for one second, causes it to acquire by the of
that time a velocity of one foot per second. It is about equal to the
weight of half an ounce, and is 13,825 dynes.

Pound"-breach` (?), n. The breaking of a public pound for releasing
impounded animals. Blackstone.

Pound"cake` (?), n. A kind of rich, sweet cake; -- so called from the
ingredients being used by pounds, or in equal quantities.

Pound"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, pounds, as a stamp in an
ore mill.

2. An instrument used for pounding; a pestle.

3. A person or thing, so called with reference to a certain number of
pounds in value, weight, capacity, etc.; as, a cannon carrying a
twelve-pound ball is called a twelve pounder.

Before the English reform act of 1867, one who was an elector by virtue
of paying ten pounds rent was called a ten pounder.

Pound"ing (?), n. 1. The act of beating, bruising, or breaking up; a
beating.

2. A pounded or pulverized substance. [R.] "Covered with the poundings
of these rocks." J. S. Blackie.

Pound"keep`er (?), n. The keeper of a pound.

Pound"*rate` (?), n. A rate or proportion estimated at a certain amount
for each pound; poundage.

Poup (?), v. i. See Powp. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pou*part's" lig"a*ment (?). (Anat.) A ligament, of fascia, extending,
in most mammals, from the ventral side of the ilium to near the
symphysis of the pubic bones.

Pou"pe*ton (?), n. [See Puppet.] A puppet, or little baby. [Obs.]
Palsgrave.

Pour (?), a. Poor. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pour (?), v. i. To pore. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pour (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pouring.]
[OE. pouren, of uncertain origin; cf. W. bwrw to cast, throw, shed,
bwrw gwlaw to rain.] 1. To cause to flow in a stream, as a liquid or
anything flowing like a liquid, either out of a vessel or into it; as,
to pour water from a pail; to pour wine into a decanter; to pour oil
upon the waters; to pour out sand or dust.

2. To send forth as in a stream or a flood; to emit; to let escape
freely or wholly.

    I . . . have poured out my soul before the Lord.


1 Sam. i. 15.

    Now will I shortly pour out my fury upon thee.


Ezek. vii. 8.

    London doth pour out her citizens !


Shak.

    Wherefore did Nature pour her bounties forth With such a full and
    unwithdrawing hand ?


Milton.

3. To send forth from, as in a stream; to discharge uninterruptedly.

    Is it for thee the linnet pours his throat ?


Pope.

Pour, v. i. To flow, pass, or issue in a stream, or as a stream; to
fall continuously and abundantly; as, the rain pours; the people poured
out of the theater.

    In the rude throng pour on with furious pace.


Gay.

Pour, n. A stream, or something like a stream; a flood. [Colloq.] "A
pour of rain." Miss Ferrier.

Poure"liche` (?), adv. Poorly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pour"er (?), n. One who pours.

Pour"lieu (?), n. See Purlieu.

||Pour`par`ler" (?), n. [F.] (Diplomacy) A consultation preliminary to
||a treaty.

Pour`par"ty (?), n.; pl. Pourparties (#). [See Purparty.] (Law) A
division; a divided share.

To make pourparty, to divide and apportion lands previously held in
common.

Pour"point (?), n. [F.] A quilted military doublet or gambeson worn in
the 14th and 15th centuries; also, a name for the doublet of the 16th
and 17th centuries worn by civilians.

Pour*pres"ture (?; 135), n. (Law) See Purpresture.

Pour"sui*vant (?), n. See Pursuivant.

Pour*tray" (?), v. t. See Portray.

Pour*vey"ance (?), n. See Purveyance.

Pousse (ps), n. Pulse; pease. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pous*sette" (p*st"), n. [F., pushpin, fr. pousser to push. See Push.] A
movement, or part of a figure, in the contradance. Dickens.

Pous*sette", v. i. To perform a certain movement in a dance. [R.]
Tennyson.

    Down the middle, up again, poussette, and cross.


J. & H. Smith.

Pout (pt), n. [F. poulet. See Poult.] The young of some birds, as
grouse; a young fowl. Carew.

Pout (pt), v. i. To shoot pouts. [Scot.]

Pout (pout), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pouting.] [OE.
pouten, of uncertain origin; cf. Prov. pot lip, Prov. F. potte, faire
la potte to pout, W. pwdu to pout, be sullen, poten, potten, a paunch,
belly.] 1. To thrust out the lips, as in sullenness or displeasure;
hence, to look sullen.

    Thou poutest upon thy fortune and thy love.


Shak.

2. To protrude. "Pouting lips." Dryden.

Pout, n. A sullen protrusion of the lips; a fit of sullenness. "Jack's
in the pouts." J. & H. Smith.

Pout, n. [Cf. Eelpout.] (Zoˆl.) The European whiting pout or bib.

Eel pout. (Zoˆl.) See Eelpout. -- Horn pout, or Horned pout. (Zoˆl.)
See Bullhead (b).

Pout"er (-r), n. 1. One who, or that which, pouts.

2. [Cf. E. pout, and G. puter turkey.] (Zoˆl.) A variety of the
domestic pigeon remarkable for the extent to which it is able to dilate
its throat and breast.

Pout"ing, n. Childish sullenness.

Pout"ing*ly, adv. In a pouting, or a sullen, manner.

Pov"ert (pv"rt), n. Poverty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pov"er*ty (pv"r*t), n. [OE. poverte, OF. povertÈ, F. pauvretÈ, fr. L.
paupertas, fr. pauper poor. See Poor.] 1. The quality or state of being
poor or indigent; want or scarcity of means of subsistence; indigence;
need. "Swathed in numblest poverty." Keble.

    The drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty.


Prov. xxiii. 21.

2. Any deficiency of elements or resources that are needed or desired,
or that constitute richness; as, poverty of soil; poverty of the blood;
poverty of ideas.

Poverty grass (Bot.), a name given to several slender grasses (as
Aristida dichotoma, and Danthonia spicata) which often spring up on old
and worn-out fields.

Syn. -- Indigence; penury; beggary; need; lack; want; scantiness;
sparingness; meagerness; jejuneness. Poverty, Indigence, Pauperism.
Poverty is a relative term; what is poverty to a monarch, would be
competence for a day laborer. Indigence implies extreme distress, and
almost absolute destitution. Pauperism denotes entire dependence upon
public charity, and, therefore, often a hopeless and degraded state.

{ Pow"an (?), Pow"en (?) }, n. (Zoˆl.) A small British lake whitefish
(Coregonus clupeoides, or C. ferus); -- called also gwyniad and lake
herring.

Pow"der (?), n. [OE. poudre, pouldre, F. poudre, OF. also poldre,
puldre, L. pulvis, pulveris: cf. pollen fine flour, mill dust, E.
pollen. Cf. Polverine, Pulverize.] 1. The fine particles to which any
dry substance is reduced by pounding, grinding, or triturating, or into
which it falls by decay; dust.

    Grind their bones to powder small.


Shak.

2. An explosive mixture used in gunnery, blasting, etc.; gunpowder. See
Gunpowder.

Atlas powder, Baking powder, etc. See under Atlas, Baking, etc. --
Powder down (Zoˆl.), the peculiar dust, or exfoliation, of powder-down
feathers. -- Powder- down feather (Zoˆl.), one of a peculiar kind of
modified feathers which sometimes form patches on certain parts of some
birds. They have a greasy texture and a scaly exfoliation. - -
Powder-down patch (Zoˆl.), a tuft or patch of powder-down feathers. --
Powder hose, a tube of strong linen, about an inch in diameter, filled
with powder and used in firing mines. Farrow. -- Powder hoy (Naut.), a
vessel specially fitted to carry powder for the supply of war ships.
They are usually painted red and carry a red flag. -- Powder magazine,
or Powder room. See Magazine, 2. -- Powder mine, a mine exploded by
gunpowder. See Mine. -- Powder monkey (Naut.), a boy formerly employed
on war vessels to carry powder; a powder boy. -- Powder post. See Dry
rot, under Dry. -- Powder puff. See Puff, n.

Pow"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Powdered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Powdering.]
[F. poudrer.] 1. To reduce to fine particles; to pound, grind, or rub
into a powder; to comminute; to pulverize; to triturate.

2. To sprinkle with powder, or as with powder; to be sprinkle; as, to
powder the hair.

    A circling zone thou seest Powdered with stars.


Milton.

3. To sprinkle with salt; to corn, as meat. [Obs.]

Pow"der, v. i. 1. To be reduced to powder; to become like powder; as,
some salts powder easily.

2. To use powder on the hair or skin; as, she paints and powders.

Pow"dered (?), a. 1. Reduced to a powder; sprinkled with, or as with,
powder.

2. Sprinkled with salt; salted; corned. [Obs.]

    Powdered beef, pickled meats.


Harvey.

3. (Her.) Same as SemÈ. Walpole.

Pow"der*flask` (?), n. A flask in which gunpowder is carried, having a
charging tube at the end.

Pow"der*horn` (?), n. A horn in which gunpowder is carried.

Pow"der*ing, a. & n. from Powder, v. t.

Powdering tub. (a) A tub or vessel in which meat is corned or salted.
(b) A heated tub in which an infected lecher was placed for cure.
[Obs.] Shak.

Pow"der*mill` (?), n. A mill in which gunpowder is made.

Pow"der-post`ed (?), a. Affected with dry rot; reduced to dust by rot.
See Dry rot, under Dry. [U.S.]

Pow"der*y (?), a. 1. Easily crumbling to pieces; friable; loose; as, a
powdery spar.

2. Sprinkled or covered with powder; dusty; as, the powdery bloom on
plums.

3. Resembling powder; consisting of powder. "The powdery snow."
Wordsworth.

Pow"dike (?), n. [Scot. pow, pou, a pool, a watery or marshy place, fr.
E. pool.] A dike a marsh or fen. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Pow"dry (?), a. See Powdery.

Pow"er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Poor, the fish.

Pow"er, n. [OE. pouer, poer, OF. poeir, pooir, F. pouvoir, n. & v., fr.
LL. potere, for L. posse, potesse, to be able, to have power. See
Possible, Potent, and cf. Posse comitatus.] 1. Ability to act, regarded
as latent or inherent; the faculty of doing or performing something;
capacity for action or performance; capability of producing an effect,
whether physical or moral: potency; might; as, a man of great power;
the power of capillary attraction; money gives power. "One next himself
in power, and next in crime." Milton.

2. Ability, regarded as put forth or exerted; strength, force, or
energy in action; as, the power of steam in moving an engine; the power
of truth, or of argument, in producing conviction; the power of
enthusiasm. "The power of fancy." Shak.

3. Capacity of undergoing or suffering; fitness to be acted upon;
susceptibility; -- called also passive power; as, great power of
endurance.

    Power, then, is active and passive; faculty is active power or
    capacity; capacity is passive power.


Sir W. Hamilton.

4. The exercise of a faculty; the employment of strength; the exercise
of any kind of control; influence; dominion; sway; command; government.

    Power is no blessing in itself but when it is employed to protect
    the innocent.


Swift.

5. The agent exercising an ability to act; an individual invested with
authority; an institution, or government, which exercises control; as,
the great powers of Europe; hence, often, a superhuman agent; a spirit;
a divinity. "The powers of darkness." Milton.

    And the powers of the heavens shall be shaken.


Matt. xxiv. 29.

6. A military or naval force; an army or navy; a great host. Spenser.

    Never such a power . . . Was levied in the body of a land.


Shak.

<! p. 1123 !>

7. A large quantity; a great number; as, a power o&?; good things.
[Colloq.] Richardson.

8. (Mech.) (a) The rate at which mechanical energy is exerted or
mechanical work performed, as by an engine or other machine, or an
animal, working continuously; as, an engine of twenty horse power.

The English unit of power used most commonly is the horse power. See
Horse power.

(b) A mechanical agent; that from which useful mechanical energy is
derived; as, water power; steam power; hand power, etc. (c) Applied
force; force producing motion or pressure; as, the power applied at one
and of a lever to lift a weight at the other end.

This use in mechanics, of power as a synonym for force, is improper and
is becoming obsolete.

(d) A machine acted upon by an animal, and serving as a motor to drive
other machinery; as, a dog power.

Power is used adjectively, denoting, driven, or adapted to be driven,
by machinery, and not actuated directly by the hand or foot; as, a
power lathe; a power loom; a power press.

9. (Math.) The product arising from the multiplication of a number into
itself; as, a square is the second power, and a cube is third power, of
a number.

10. (Metaph.) Mental or moral ability to act; one of the faculties
which are possessed by the mind or soul; as, the power of thinking,
reasoning, judging, willing, fearing, hoping, etc. I. Watts.

    The guiltiness of my mind, the sudden surprise of my powers, drove
    the grossness . . . into a received belief.


Shak.

11. (Optics) The degree to which a lens, mirror, or any optical
instrument, magnifies; in the telescope, and usually in the microscope,
the number of times it multiplies, or augments, the apparent diameter
of an object; sometimes, in microscopes, the number of times it
multiplies the apparent surface.

12. (Law) An authority enabling a person to dispose of an interest
vested either in himself or in another person; ownership by
appointment. Wharton.

13. Hence, vested authority to act in a given case; as, the business
was referred to a committee with power.

Power may be predicated of inanimate agents, like the winds and waves,
electricity and magnetism, gravitation, etc., or of animal and
intelligent beings; and when predicated of these beings, it may
indicate physical, mental, or moral ability or capacity.

Mechanical powers. See under Mechanical. -- Power loom, or Power press.
See Def. 8 (d), note. -- Power of attorney. See under Attorney. --
Power of a point (relative to a given curve) (Geom.), the result of
substituting the coˆrdinates of any point in that expression which
being put equal to zero forms the equation of the curve; as, x2 + y2 -
100 is the power of the point x, y, relative to the circle x2 + y2 -
100 = 0.

Pow"er*a*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being effected or accomplished by
the application of power; possible. [R.] J. Young.

2. Capable of exerting power; powerful. Camden.

Pow"er*ful (?), a. 1. Full of power; capable of producing great effects
of any kind; potent; mighty; efficacious; intense; as, a powerful man
or beast; a powerful engine; a powerful argument; a powerful light; a
powerful vessel.

    The powerful grace that lies In herbs, plants, stones, and their
    true qualities.


Shak.

2. (Mining) Large; capacious; -- said of veins of ore.

Syn. -- Mighty; strong; potent; forcible; efficacious; energetic;
intense.

-- Pow"er*ful*ly, adv. -- Pow"er*ful*ness, n.

Pow"er*less, a. Destitute of power, force, or energy; weak; impotent;
not able to produce any effect. -- Pow"er*less*ly, adv. --
Pow"er*less*ness, n.

Powl"dron (?), n. [OF. espauleron, from espaule shoulder, F. Èpaule.]
Same as Pauldron.

Powp (?), v. i. See Poop, v. i. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pow"ter (pou"tr), n. (Zoˆl.) See Pouter.

Pow"wow` (?), n. 1. A priest, or conjurer, among the North American
Indians.

    Be it sagamore, sachem, or powwow.


Longfellow.

2. Conjuration attended with great noise and confusion, and often with
feasting, dancing, etc., performed by Indians for the cure of diseases,
to procure success in hunting or in war, and for other purposes.

3. Hence: Any assembly characterized by noise and confusion; a noisy
frolic or gathering. [Colloq. U. S.]

Pow"wow`, v. i. 1. To use conjuration, with noise and confusion, for
the cure of disease, etc., as among the North American Indians.

2. Hence: To hold a noisy, disorderly meeting. [Colloq. U. S.]

Pox (?), n. [For pocks, OE. pokkes. See Pock. It is plural in form but
is used as a singular.] (Med.) Strictly, a disease by pustules or
eruptions of any kind, but chiefly or wholly restricted to three or
four diseases, -- the smallpox, the chicken pox, and the vaccine and
the venereal diseases.

Pox, when used without an epithet, as in imprecations, formerly
signified smallpox; but it now signifies syphilis.

Pox, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poxing.] To infect
with the pox, or syphilis.

Poy (?), n. [OF. apui, apoi, a support, prop., staff, F. appui, fr. OF.
apuier, apoier, to support, F. appuyer, fr. ‡ to (L. ad) + OF. pui,
poi, a rising ground, hill, L. podium. See Podium, Pew.] 1. A support;
-- used in composition; as, teapoy.

2. A ropedancer's balancing pole. Johnson.

3. A long boat hook by which barges are propelled against the stream.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Poy*na"do (?), n. A poniard. [Obs.] Lyly.

Poynd (?), v., Poynd"er (&?;), n. See Poind, Poinder.

Poy nette" (?), n. [Cf. Point.] A bodkin. [Obs.]

Poyn"tel (?), n. [See Pointal.] (Arch.) Paving or flooring made of
small squares or lozenges set diagonally. [Formerly written pointal.]

Poy"ou (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A South American armadillo (Dasypus sexcinctus).
Called also sixbanded armadillo.

Poze (?), v. t. See 5th Pose.

{ Poz`zu*o*la"na (?), Poz`zo*la"*na (?) }, n. [It.] Volcanic ashes from
Pozzuoli, in Italy, used in the manufacture of a kind of mortar which
hardens under water.

Praam (?), n. [D. praam; cf. G. prahm, F. prame; all of Slavonic
origin, from a word akin to E. fare. See Fare.] (Naut.) A flat-
bottomed boat or lighter, -- used in Holland and the Baltic, and
sometimes armed in case of war. [Written also pram, and prame.]

Prac"tic (?), a. [See Practical.] 1. Practical.

2. Artful; deceitful; skillful. [Obs.] "Cunning sleights and practick
knavery." Spenser.

Prac"ti*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being practicable;
practicableness; feasibility. "The practicability of such a project."
Stewart.

Prac"ti*ca*ble (?), a. [LL. practicare to act, transact, fr. L.
practicus active, Gr. &?;: cf. F. practicable, pratiquer to practice.
See Practical.] 1. That may be practiced or performed; capable of being
done or accomplished with available means or resources; feasible; as, a
practicable method; a practicable aim; a practicable good.

2. Capable of being used; passable; as, a practicable weapon; a
practicable road.

Practicable breach (Mil.), a breach which admits of approach and
entrance by an assailing party.

Syn. -- Possible; feasible. -- Practicable, Possible. A thing may be
possible, i. e., not forbidden by any law of nature, and yet may not
now be practicable for want of the means requisite to its performance.

-- Prac"ti*ca*ble*ness, n. -- Prac"ti*ca*bly, adv.

Prac"ti*cal (?), a. [L. practicus active, Gr. &?; fit for doing or
performing, practical, active, fr. &?; to do, work, effect: cf. F.
pratique, formerly also practique. Cf. Pragmatic, Practice.] 1. Of or
pertaining to practice or action.

2. Capable of being turned to use or account; useful, in distinction
from ideal or theoretical; as, practical chemistry. "Man's practical
understanding." South. "For all practical purposes." Macaulay.

3. Evincing practice or skill; capable of applying knowledge to some
useful end; as, a practical man; a practical mind.

4. Derived from practice; as, practical skill.

Practical joke, a joke put in practice; a joke the fun of which
consists in something done, in distinction from something said; esp., a
trick played upon a person.

Prac`ti*cal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being practical;
practicalness.

Prac"ti*cal*ly (?), adv. 1. In a practical way; not theoretically;
really; as, to look at things practically; practically worthless.

2. By means of practice or use; by experience or experiment; as,
practically wise or skillful; practically acquainted with a subject.

3. In practice or use; as, a medicine practically safe; theoretically
wrong, but practically right.

Prac"ti*cal*ness, n. Same as Practicality.

Prac"ti*cal*ize (?), v. t. To render practical. [R.] "Practicalizing
influences." J. S. Mill.

Prac"tice (?), n. [OE. praktike, practique, F. pratique, formerly also,
practique, LL. practica, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; practical. See Practical,
and cf. Pratique, Pretty.] 1. Frequently repeated or customary action;
habitual performance; a succession of acts of a similar kind; usage;
habit; custom; as, the practice of rising early; the practice of making
regular entries of accounts; the practice of daily exercise.

    A heart . . . exercised with covetous practices.


2 Pet. ii. 14.

2. Customary or constant use; state of being used.

    Obsolete words may be revived when they are more sounding or more
    significant than those in practice.


Dryden.

3. Skill or dexterity acquired by use; expertness. [R.] "His nice fence
and his active practice." Shak.

4. Actual performance; application of knowledge; -- opposed to theory.

    There are two functions of the soul, -- contemplation and practice.


South.

    There is a distinction, but no opposition, between theory and
    practice; each, to a certain extent, supposes the other; theory is
    dependent on practice; practice must have preceded theory.


Sir W. Hamilton.

5. Systematic exercise for instruction or discipline; as, the troops
are called out for practice; she neglected practice in music.

6. Application of science to the wants of men; the exercise of any
profession; professional business; as, the practice of medicine or law;
a large or lucrative practice.

    Practice is exercise of an art, or the application of a science in
    life, which application is itself an art.


Sir W. Hamilton.

7. Skillful or artful management; dexterity in contrivance or the use
of means; art; stratagem; artifice; plot; -- usually in a bad sense.
[Obs.] Bacon.

    He sought to have that by practice which he could not by prayer.


Sir P. Sidney.

8. (Math.) A easy and concise method of applying the rules of
arithmetic to questions which occur in trade and business.

9. (Law) The form, manner, and order of conducting and carrying on
suits and prosecutions through their various stages, according to the
principles of law and the rules laid down by the courts. Bouvier.

Syn. -- Custom; usage; habit; manner.

Prac"tice (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Practiced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Practicing (?).] [Often written practise, practised, practising.] 1. To
do or perform frequently, customarily, or habitually; to make a
practice of; as, to practice gaming. "Incline not my heart . . .
practice wicked works." Ps. cxli. 4.

2. To exercise, or follow, as a profession, trade, art, etc., as, to
practice law or medicine.

2. To exercise one's self in, for instruction or improvement, or to
acquire discipline or dexterity; as, to practice gunnery; to practice
music.

4. To put into practice; to carry out; to act upon; to commit; to
execute; to do. "Aught but Talbot's shadow whereon to practice your
severity." Shak.

    As this advice ye practice or neglect.


Pope.

5. To make use of; to employ. [Obs.]

    In malice to this good knight's wife, I practiced Ubaldo and
    Ricardo to corrupt her.


Massinger.

6. To teach or accustom by practice; to train.

    In church they are taught to love God; after church they are
    practiced to love their neighbor.


Landor.

Prac"tice, v. i. [Often written practise.] 1. To perform certain acts
frequently or customarily, either for instruction, profit, or
amusement; as, to practice with the broadsword or with the rifle; to
practice on the piano.

2. To learn by practice; to form a habit.

    They shall practice how to live secure.


Milton.

    Practice first over yourself to reign.


Waller.

3. To try artifices or stratagems.

    He will practice against thee by poison.


Shak.

4. To apply theoretical science or knowledge, esp. by way of
experiment; to exercise or pursue an employment or profession, esp.
that of medicine or of law.

    [I am] little inclined to practice on others, and as little that
    others should practice on me.


Sir W. Temple.

Prac"ticed (?), a. [Often written practised.] 1. Experienced; expert;
skilled; as, a practiced marksman. "A practiced picklock." Ld. Lytton.

2. Used habitually; learned by practice.

Prac"ti*cer (?), n. [Often written practiser.] 1. One who practices, or
puts in practice; one who customarily performs certain acts. South.

2. One who exercises a profession; a practitioner.

3. One who uses art or stratagem. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Prac*ti"cian (?), n. [F. praticien, OF. also practicien.] One who is
acquainted with, or skilled in, anything by practice; a practitioner.

Prac"tick (?), n. Practice. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Prac"ti*sant (?), n. An agent or confederate in treachery. [Obs.] Shak.

Prac"tise (?), v. t. & i. See Practice.

The analogy of the English language requires that the noun and verb
which are pronounced alike should agree in spelling. Thus we have
notice (n. & v.), noticed, noticing, noticer; poultice (n. & v.);
apprentice (n. & v.); office (n. & v.), officer (n.); lattice (n.),
latticed (a.); benefice (n.), beneficed (a.), etc. Cf. sacrifice (&?;;
n. & v.), surmise (&?;; n. & v.), promise (&?;; n. & v.); compromise
(&?;; n. & v.), etc. Contrast advice (&?;; n.), and advise (&?;);
device (&?;), and devise (&?;), etc.

Prac"ti*sour (?), n. A practitioner. [Obs.]

Prac*ti"tion*er (?), n. [From Practician.] 1. One who is engaged in the
actual use or exercise of any art or profession, particularly that of
law or medicine. Crabbe.

2. One who does anything customarily or habitually.

3. A sly or artful person. Whitgift.

General practitioner. See under General, 2.

Prac"tive (?), a. Doing; active. [Obs.] Sylvester. -- Prac"tive*ly,
adv. [Obs.]

    The preacher and the people both, Then practively did thrive.


Warner.

Prad (?), n. [Cf. D. paard.] A horse. [Colloq. Eng.]

PrÊ- (?). A prefix. See Pre-.

||PrÊ"ca`va (?), n. [NL. See Pre-, and 1st Cave.] (Anat.) The superior
||vena cava. -- PrÊ"ca`val (#), a. B. G. Wilder.

PrÊc"i*pe (?), n. [L., imperative of praecipere to give rules or
precepts. See Precept.] (Law) (a) A writ commanding something to be
done, or requiring a reason for neglecting it. (b) A paper containing
the particulars of a writ, lodged in the office out of which the writ
is to be issued. Wharton.

||PrÊ"co*ces (?), n. pl. [NL. See Precocious.] (Zoˆl.) A division of
||birds including those whose young are able to run about when first
||hatched.

PrÊ*co"cial (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the PrÊcoces.

||PrÊ*cog"ni*ta (?), n. pl. [L. praecognitus, p. p. of praecognoscere
||to foreknow. See Pre-, and Cognition.] This previously known, or
||which should be known in order to understand something else.

PrÊ*com"mis*sure (?), n. [Pref. prÊ + commissure.] (Anat.) A transverse
commissure in the anterior part of the third ventricle of the brain;
the anterior cerebral commissure.

PrÊ*cor"a*coid (?), n. (Anat.) See Precoracoid.

||PrÊ*cor"di*a (?), n. [L., fr. prae before + cor, cordis, the heart.]
||(Anat.) The front part of the thoracic region; the epigastrium.

PrÊ*cor"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Precordial.

||PrÊ*cor"nu (?), n.; pl. PrÊcornua (#). [NL. See Pre-, and Cornu.]
||(Anat.) The anterior horn of each lateral ventricle of the brain. B.
||G. Wilder.

PrÊ"di*al (?), a. See Predial.

PrÊ`flo*ra"tion (?), n. Same as Prefloration. Gray.

<! p. 1124 !>

PrÊ*fo`li*a"tion (?), n. Same as Prefoliation. Gray.

PrÊ`max*il"la (?), n. See Premaxilla.

PrÊ*mo"lar (?), a. See Premolar.

PrÊ*morse" (?), a. Same as Premorse.

||PrÊm`u*ni"re (?), n. [Corrupted from L. praemonere to forewarn, cite.
||See Admonish.] (Eng. Law) (a) The offense of introducing foreign
||authority into England, the penalties for which were originally
||intended to depress the civil power of the pope in the kingdom. (b)
||The writ grounded on that offense. Wharton. (c) The penalty ascribed
||for the offense of prÊmunire.

    Wolsey incurred a prÊmunire, and forfeited his honor, estate, and
    life.


South.

The penalties of prÊmunire were subsequently applied to many other
offenses; but prosecutions upon a prÊmunire are at this day unheard of
in the English courts. Blackstone.

PrÊm`u*ni"re, v. t. 1. To subject to the penalties of prÊmunire. [Obs.]
T. Ward.

PrÊ*mu"ni*to*ry (?), a. See Premunitory.

||PrÊ*na"res (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pre-, Nares.] (Anat.) The anterior
||nares. See Nares. B. G. Wilder.

PrÊ*na"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Prenasal.

PrÊ*no"men (?), n.; pl. PrÊnomina (#). [L., fr. prae before + nomen
name.] (Rom. Antiq.) The first name of a person, by which individuals
of the same family were distinguished, answering to our Christian name,
as Caius, Lucius, Marcus, etc.

PrÊ`no*min"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a prÊnomen. [Obs.] M. A.
Lower.

PrÊ`o*per"cu*lum, n. [NL.] (Anat.) Same as Preoperculum. --
PrÊ`o*per"cu*lar, a.

PrÊ*o"ral, n., PrÊ*pu"bis, n., PrÊ*scap"u*la, n., PrÊ*scu"tum, n.,
PrÊ*ster"num, n. Same as Preoral, Prepubis, Prescapula, etc.

PrÊ"ter- (?). A prefix. See Preter- .

PrÊt"er*ist (?), n. (Theol.) See Preterist.

PrÊ`ter*mit" (?), v. t. See Pretermit.

PrÊ*tex"ta (?), n.; pl. PrÊtextÊ (#), E. PrÊtextas (#). [L. (sc. toga),
fr. praetextus, p. p. of praetexere to weave before, to fringe, border;
prae before + texere to weave.] (Rom. Antiq.) A white robe with a
purple border, worn by a Roman boy before he was entitled to wear the
toga virilis, or until about the completion of his fourteenth year, and
by girls until their marriage. It was also worn by magistrates and
priests.

PrÊ"tor (?), n. See Pretor.

||PrÊ*to"res (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pretor.] (Zoˆl.) A division of
||butterflies including the satyrs.

PrÊ*to"ri*an (?), a. See Pretorian.

PrÊ*to"ri*um (?), n. See Pretorium.

||PrÊ*zyg`a*poph"y*sis (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Prezygapophysis.

{ Prag*mat"ic (?), Prag*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [L. pragmaticus busy,
active, skilled in business, especially in law and state affairs,
systematic, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a thing done, business, fr. &?; to do: cf.
F. pragmatique. See Practical.] 1. Of or pertaining to business or to
affairs; of the nature of business; practical; material; businesslike
in habit or manner.

    The next day . . . I began to be very pragmatical.


Evelyn.

    We can not always be contemplative, diligent, or pragmatical,
    abroad; but have need of some delightful intermissions.


Milton.

    Low, pragmatical, earthly views of the gospel.


Hare.

2. Busy; specifically, busy in an objectionable way; officious; fussy
and positive; meddlesome. "Pragmatical officers of justice." Sir W.
Scott.

    The fellow grew so pragmatical that he took upon him the government
    of my whole family.


Arbuthnot.

3. Philosophical; dealing with causes, reasons, and effects, rather
than with details and circumstances; -- said of literature. "Pragmatic
history." Sir W. Hamilton. "Pragmatic poetry." M. Arnold.

Pragmatic sanction, a solemn ordinance or decree issued by the head or
legislature of a state upon weighty matters; -- a term derived from the
Byzantine empire. In European history, two decrees under this name are
particularly celebrated. One of these, issued by Charles VII. of
France, A. D. 1438, was the foundation of the liberties of the Gallican
church; the other, issued by Charles VI. of Germany, A. D. 1724,
settled his hereditary dominions on his eldest daughter, the
Archduchess Maria Theresa.

Prag*mat"ic, n. 1. One skilled in affairs.

    My attorney and solicitor too; a fine pragmatic.


B. Jonson.

2. A solemn public ordinance or decree.

    A royal pragmatic was accordingly passed.


Prescott.

Prag*mat"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a pragmatical manner.

Prag*mat"ic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being pragmatical.

Prag"ma*tism (?), n. The quality or state of being pragmatic; in
literature, the pragmatic, or philosophical, method.

    The narration of this apparently trifling circumstance belongs to
    the pragmatism of the history.


A. Murphy.

Prag"ma*tist (?), n. One who is pragmatic.

Prag"ma*tize (?), v. t. To consider, represent, or embody (something
unreal) as fact; to materialize. [R.] "A pragmatized metaphor." Tylor.

||Prai`ri`al" (?), n. [F., fr. prairie meadow.] The ninth month of the
||French Republican calendar, which dated from September 22, 1792. It
||began May, 20, and ended June 18. See Vendemiaire.

Prai"rie (?), n. [F., an extensive meadow, OF. praerie, LL. prataria,
fr. L. pratum a meadow.] 1. An extensive tract of level or rolling
land, destitute of trees, covered with coarse grass, and usually
characterized by a deep, fertile soil. They abound throughout the
Mississippi valley, between the Alleghanies and the Rocky mountains.

    From the forests and the prairies, From the great lakes of the
    northland.


Longfellow.

2. A meadow or tract of grass; especially, a so called natural meadow.

Prairie chicken (Zoˆl.), any American grouse of the genus Tympanuchus,
especially T. Americanus (formerly T. cupido), which inhabits the
prairies of the central United States. Applied also to the sharp-
tailed grouse. -- Prairie clover (Bot.), any plant of the leguminous
genus Petalostemon, having small rosy or white flowers in dense
terminal heads or spikes. Several species occur in the prairies of the
United States. -- Prairie dock (Bot.), a coarse composite plant
(Silphium terebinthaceum) with large rough leaves and yellow flowers,
found in the Western prairies. -- Prairie dog (Zoˆl.), a small American
rodent (Cynomys Ludovicianus) allied to the marmots. It inhabits the
plains west of the Mississippi. The prairie dogs burrow in the ground
in large warrens, and have a sharp bark like that of a dog. Called also
prairie marmot. -- Prairie grouse. Same as Prairie chicken, above. --
Prairie hare (Zoˆl.), a large long-eared Western hare (Lepus
campestris). See Jack rabbit, under 2d Jack. -- Prairie hawk, Prairie
falcon (Zoˆl.), a falcon of Western North America (Falco Mexicanus).
The upper parts are brown. The tail has transverse bands of white; the
under parts, longitudinal streaks and spots of brown. -- Prairie hen.
(Zoˆl.) Same as Prairie chicken, above. -- Prairie itch (Med.), an
affection of the skin attended with intense itching, which is observed
in the Northern and Western United States; -- also called swamp itch,
winter itch. -- Prairie marmot. (Zoˆl.) Same as Prairie dog, above. --
Prairie mole (Zoˆl.), a large American mole (Scalops argentatus),
native of the Western prairies. -- Prairie pigeon, plover, or snipe
(Zoˆl.), the upland plover. See Plover, n., 2. -- Prairie rattlesnake
(Zoˆl.), the massasauga. -- Prairie snake (Zoˆl.), a large harmless
American snake (Masticophis flavigularis). It is pale yellow, tinged
with brown above. -- Prairie squirrel (Zoˆl.), any American ground
squirrel of the genus Spermophilus, inhabiting prairies; -- called also
gopher. -- Prairie turnip (Bot.), the edible turnip-shaped farinaceous
root of a leguminous plant (Psoralea esculenta) of the Upper Missouri
region; also, the plant itself. Called also pomme blanche, and pomme de
prairie. -- Prairie warbler (Zoˆl.), a bright-colored American warbler
(Dendroica discolor). The back is olive yellow, with a group of reddish
spots in the middle; the under parts and the parts around the eyes are
bright yellow; the sides of the throat and spots along the sides,
black; three outer tail feathers partly white. -- Prairie wolf. (Zoˆl.)
See Coyote.

Prais"a*ble (?), a. Fit to be praised; praise-worthy; laudable;
commendable. Wyclif (2 Tim. ii. 15).

Prais"a*bly, adv. In a praisable manner.

Praise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Praised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Praising.]
[OE. preisen, OF. preisier, prisier, F. priser, L. pretiare to prize,
fr. pretium price. See Price, n., and cf. Appreciate, Praise, n.,
Prize, v.] 1. To commend; to applaud; to express approbation of; to
laud; -- applied to a person or his acts. "I praise well thy wit."
Chaucer.

    Let her own works praise her in the gates.


Prov. xxxi. 31.

    We praise not Hector, though his name, we know, Is great in arms;
    't is hard to praise a foe.


Dryden.

2. To extol in words or song; to magnify; to glorify on account of
perfections or excellent works; to do honor to; to display the
excellence of; -- applied especially to the Divine Being.

    Praise ye him, all his angels; praise ye him, all his hosts!


Ps. cxlviii. 2.

3. To value; to appraise. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Syn. -- To commend; laud; eulogize; celebrate; glorify; magnify. -- To
Praise, Applaud, Extol. To praise is to set at high price; to applaud
is to greet with clapping; to extol is to bear aloft, to exalt. We may
praise in the exercise of calm judgment; we usually applaud from
impulse, and on account of some specific act; we extol under the
influence of high admiration, and usually in strong, if not
extravagant, language.

Praise, n. [OE. preis, OF. preis price, worth, value, estimation. See
Praise, v., Price.] 1. Commendation for worth; approval expressed;
honor rendered because of excellence or worth; laudation; approbation.

    There are men who always confound the praise of goodness with the
    practice.


Rambler.

Praise may be expressed by an individual, and thus differs from fame,
renown, and celebrity, which are always the expression of the
approbation of numbers, or public commendation.

2. Especially, the joyful tribute of gratitude or homage rendered to
the Divine Being; the act of glorifying or extolling the Creator;
worship, particularly worship by song, distinction from prayer and
other acts of worship; as, a service of praise.

3. The object, ground, or reason of praise.

    He is thy praise, and he is thy God.


Deut. x.&?;&?;.

Syn. -- Encomium; honor; eulogy; panegyric; plaudit; applause; acclaim;
eclat; commendation; laudation.

Praise"ful (?), a. Praiseworthy. [Obs.]

Praise"ful (?), a. Praiseworthy. [Obs.]

Praise"less, a. Without praise or approbation.

Praise"-meet`*ing (?), n. A religious service mainly in song. [Local,
U. S.]

Praise"ment (?), n. Appraisement. [Obs.]

Prais"er (?), n. 1. One who praises. "Praisers of men." Sir P. Sidney.

2. An appraiser; a valuator. [Obs.] Sir T. North.

Praise"wor`thi*ly (?), adv. In a praiseworthy manner. Spenser.

Praise"wor`thi*ness, n. The quality or state of being praiseworthy.

Praise"wor`thy (?), a. Worthy of praise or applause; commendable; as,
praiseworthy action; he was praiseworthy. Arbuthnot.

Pra"krit (?), n. [Skr. prkta original, natural, usual, common, vulgar.]
Any one of the popular dialects descended from, or akin to, Sanskrit;
-- in distinction from the Sanskrit, which was used as a literary and
learned language when no longer spoken by the people. Pali is one of
the Prakrit dialects.

Pra*krit"ic (?), a. Pertaining to Prakrit.

{ Pram (?), Prame (?) }, n. (Naut.) See Praam.

Prance (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pranced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prancing
(?).] [OE. prauncen; probably akin to prank, v. t. See Prank.] 1. To
spring or bound, as a horse in high mettle.

    Now rule thy prancing steed.


Gay.

2. To ride on a prancing horse; to ride in an ostentatious manner.

    The insulting tyrant prancing o'er the field.


Addison.

3. To walk or strut about in a pompous, showy manner, or with warlike
parade. Swift.

Pran"cer (?), n. A horse which prances.

    Then came the captain . . . upon a brave prancer.


Evelyn.

Pran"di*al (?), a. [L. prandium a repast.] Of or pertaining to a
repast, especially to dinner.

||Pran"gos (?), n. [From the native name in Afghanistan.] (Bot.) A
||genus of umbelliferous plants, one species of which (P. pabularia),
||found in Thibet, Cashmere, Afghanistan, etc., has been used as fodder
||for cattle. It has decompound leaves with very long narrow divisions,
||and a highly fragrant smell resembling that of new clover hay.

Prank (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pranked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pranking.]
[Cf. E. prink, also G. prangen, prunken, to shine, to make a show, Dan.
prange, prunke, Sw. prunka, D. pronken.] To adorn in a showy manner; to
dress or equip ostentatiously; -- often followed by up; as, to prank up
the body. See Prink.

    In sumptuous tire she joyed herself to prank.


Spenser.

Prank, v. i. To make ostentatious show.

    White houses prank where once were huts.


M. Arnold.

Prank, n. A gay or sportive action; a ludicrous, merry, or mischievous
trick; a caper; a frolic. Spenser.

    The harpies . . . played their accustomed pranks.


Sir W. Raleigh.

    His pranks have been too broad to bear with.


Shak.

Prank, a. Full of gambols or tricks. [Obs.]

Prank"er (?), n. One who dresses showily; a prinker. "A pranker or a
dancer." Burton.

Prank"ish, a. Full of pranks; frolicsome.

Prase (?), n. [L. prasius, fr. Gr. &?; of a leek-green, fr. Gr. &?; a
leek: cf. F. prase.] (Min.) A variety of cryptocrystalline of a
leek-green color.

Pra"se*o- (?). [Gr. &?; leek-green, green, fr. &?; a leek.] A combining
form signifying green; as, praseocobalt, a green variety of cobalt.

Pra`se*o*dym"i*um (?), n. [Praseo-  + didymium.] (Chem.) An elementary
substance, one of the constituents of didymium; -- so called from the
green color of its salts. Symbol Ps. Atomic weight 143.6.

Pra"se*o*lite (?), n. [Praseo- + -lite.] (Min.) A variety of altered
iolite of a green color and greasy luster.

Pras"i*nous (?), a. [L. prasinus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a leek.]
Grass-green; clear, lively green, without any mixture. Lindley.

Pra"soid (?), a. [Gr. &?; leek + - oid.] (Min.) Resembling prase.

Prate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prated; p. pr. & vb. n. Prating.] [Akin
to LG. & D. praten, Dan. prate, Sw. & Icel. prata.] To talk much and to
little purpose; to be loquacious; to speak foolishly; to babble.

    To prate and talk for life and honor.


Shak.

    And make a fool presume to prate of love.


Dryden.

Prate, v. t. To utter foolishly; to speak without reason or purpose; to
chatter, or babble.

    What nonsense would the fool, thy master, prate, When thou, his
    knave, canst talk at such a rate !


Dryden.

Prate, n. [Akin to LG. & D. praat, Sw. prat.] Talk to little purpose;
trifling talk; unmeaning loquacity.

    Sick of tops, and poetry, and prate.


Pope.

Prate"ful (?), a. Talkative. [R.] W. Taylor.

Prat"er (?), n. One who prates. Shak.

Prat"ic (?), n. See Pratique.

Pra"tin*cole (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any bird of the Old World genus Glareola,
or family GlareolidÊ, allied to the plovers. They have long, pointed
wings and a forked tail.

Prat"ing*ly (?), adv. With idle talk; with loquacity.

Prat"ique (?), n. [F.; cf. It. pratica, Sp. practica. See Practice.] 1.
(Com.) Primarily, liberty of converse; intercourse; hence, a
certificate, given after compliance with quarantine regulations,
permitting a ship to land passengers and crew; -- a term used
particularly in the south of Europe.

<! p. 1125 !>

2. Practice; habits. [Obs.] "One of English education and pratique." R.
North.

Prat"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prattled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prattling (?).] [Freq. of prate.] To talk much and idly; to prate;
hence, to talk lightly and artlessly, like a child; to utter child's
talk.

Prat"tle, v. t. To utter as prattle; to babble; as, to prattle treason.
Addison.

Prat"tle, n. Trifling or childish tattle; empty talk; loquacity on
trivial subjects; prate; babble.

    Mere prattle, without practice.


Shak.

Prat"tle*ment (?), n. Prattle. [R.] Jeffrey.

Prat"tler (?), n. One who prattles. Herbert.

Prav"i*ty (?), n. [L. pravitas, from pravus crooked, perverse.]
Deterioration; degeneracy; corruption; especially, moral crookedness;
moral perversion; perverseness; depravity; as, the pravity of human
nature. "The pravity of the will." South.

Prawn (?), n. [OE. prane, of unknown origin; cf. L. perna a sea
mussel.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of large shrimplike
Crustacea having slender legs and long antennÊ. They mostly belong to
the genera Pandalus, PalÊmon, PalÊmonetes, and Peneus, and are much
used as food. The common English prawn is PalÊmon serratus.

The name is often applied to any large shrimp.

Prax*in"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; action + -scope.] (Opt.) An
instrument, similar to the phenakistoscope, for presenting to view, or
projecting upon a screen, images the natural motions of real objects.

Prax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to do. See Practice.] 1.
Use; practice; especially, exercise or discipline for a specific
purpose or object. "The praxis and theory of music." Wood.

2. An example or form of exercise, or a collection of such examples,
for practice.

Pray (?), n. & v. See Pry. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pray (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Praying.]
[OE. preien, OF. preier, F. prier, L. precari, fr. prex, precis, a
prayer, a request; akin to Skr. prach to ask, AS. frignan, frnan,
fricgan, G. fragen, Goth. fraÌhnan. Cf. Deprecate, Imprecate,
Precarious.] To make request with earnestness or zeal, as for something
desired; to make entreaty or supplication; to offer prayer to a deity
or divine being as a religious act; specifically, to address the
Supreme Being with adoration, confession, supplication, and
thanksgiving.

    And to his goddess pitously he preyde.


Chaucer.

    When thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut
    thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret; and thy Father
    which seeth in secret shall reward thee openly.


Matt. vi. 6.

I pray, or (by ellipsis) Pray, I beg; I request; I entreat you; -- used
in asking a question, making a request, introducing a petition, etc.;
as, Pray, allow me to go.

    I pray, sir. why am I beaten?


Shak.

Syn. -- To entreat; supplicate; beg; implore; invoke; beseech;
petition.

Pray, v. t. 1. To address earnest request to; to supplicate; to
entreat; to implore; to beseech.

    And as this earl was preyed, so did he.


Chaucer.

    We pray you . . . by ye reconciled to God.


2 Cor. v. 20.

2. To ask earnestly for; to seek to obtain by supplication; to entreat
for.

    I know not how to pray your patience.


Shak.

3. To effect or accomplish by praying; as, to pray a soul out of
purgatory. Milman.

To pray in aid. (Law) (a) To call in as a helper one who has an
interest in the cause. Bacon. (b) A phrase often used to signify
claiming the benefit of an argument. See under Aid. Mozley & W.

Pray"er (?), n. One who prays; a supplicant.

Prayer (&?;; 277), n. [OE. preiere, OF. preiere, F. priËre, fr. L.
precarius obtained by prayer, fr. precari to pray. See Pray, v. i.] 1.
The act of praying, or of asking a favor; earnest request or entreaty;
hence, a petition or memorial addressed to a court or a legislative
body. "Their meek preyere." Chaucer

2. The act of addressing supplication to a divinity, especially to the
true God; the offering of adoration, confession, supplication, and
thanksgiving to the Supreme Being; as, public prayer; secret prayer.

    As he is famed for mildness, peace, and prayer.


Shak.

3. The form of words used in praying; a formula of supplication; an
expressed petition; especially, a supplication addressed to God; as, a
written or extemporaneous prayer; to repeat one's prayers.

    He made those excellent prayers which were published immediately
    after his death.


Bp. Fell.

Prayer book, a book containing devotional prayers. -- Prayer meeting, a
meeting or gathering for prayer to God.

Syn. -- Petition; orison; supplication; entreaty; suit.

Prayer"ful (?), a. Given to prayer; praying much or often; devotional.
"The prayerful man." J. S. Blackie. -- Prayer"ful*ly, adv. --
Prayer"ful*ness, n.

Prayer"less (?; 277), a. Not using prayer; habitually neglecting prayer
to God; without prayer. "The next time you go prayerless to bed."
Baxter.

-- Prayer"less*ly, adv. -- Prayer"less*ness, n.

Pray"ing (?), a. & n. from Pray, v.

Praying insect, locust, or mantis (Zoˆl.), a mantis, especially Mantis
religiosa. See Mantis. -- Praying machine, or Praying wheel, a wheel on
which prayers are pasted by Buddhist priests, who then put the wheel in
rapid revolution. Each turn in supposed to have the efficacy of an oral
repetition of all the prayers on the wheel. Sometimes it is moved by a
stream.

Pray"ing*ly, adv. With supplication to God.

Pre- (?). [L. prae, adv. & prep., before, akin to pro, and to E. for,
prep.: cf. F. prÈ-. See Pro-, and cf. Prior.] A prefix denoting
priority (of time, place, or rank); as, precede, to go before;
precursor, a forerunner; prefix, to fix or place before; preÎminent
eminent before or above others. Pre-  is sometimes used intensively, as
in prepotent, very potent. [Written also prÊ-.]

Pre*ac`cu*sa"tion (?), n. Previous accusation.

Preace (?), v. & n. Press. [Obs.] Spenser.

Preach (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Preached (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Preaching.] [OE. prechen, OF. preechier, F. prÍcher, fr. L. praedicare
to cry in public, to proclaim; prae before + dicare to make known,
dicere to say; or perhaps from (assumed) LL. praedictare. See Diction,
and cf. Predicate, Predict.] 1. To proclaim or publish tidings;
specifically, to proclaim the gospel; to discourse publicly on a
religious subject, or from a text of Scripture; to deliver a sermon.

    How shall they preach, except they be sent?


Rom. x. 15.

    From that time Jesus began to preach.


Matt. iv. 17.

2. To give serious advice on morals or religion; to discourse in the
manner of a preacher.

Preach, v. t. 1. To proclaim by public discourse; to utter in a sermon
or a formal religious harangue.

    That Cristes gospel truly wolde preche.


Chaucer.

    The Lord hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek.


Isa. lxi. 1.

2. To inculcate in public discourse; to urge with earnestness by public
teaching. "I have preached righteousness in the great congregation."
Ps. xl. 9.

3. To deliver or pronounce; as, to preach a sermon.

4. To teach or instruct by preaching; to inform by preaching. [R.] "As
ye are preached." Southey.

5. To advise or recommend earnestly.

    My master preaches patience to him.


Shak.

To preach down, to oppress, or humiliate by preaching. Tennyson. -- To
preach up, to exalt by preaching; to preach in support of; as, to
preach up equality.

Preach, n. [Cf. F. prÍche, fr. prÍcher. See Preach, v.] A religious
discourse. [Obs.] Hooker.

Preach"er (?), n. [Cf. OF. preeschierre, prescheur, F. prÍcheur, L.
praedicator.] 1. One who preaches; one who discourses publicly on
religious subjects.

    How shall they hear without a preacher?


Rom. x. 14.

2. One who inculcates anything with earnestness.

    No preacher is listened to but Time.


Swift.

Preacher bird (Zoˆl.), a toucan.

Preach"er*ship, n. The office of a preacher. "The preachership of the
Rolls." Macaulay.

Preach"i*fy (?), v. i. [Preach + -fy.] To discourse in the manner of a
preacher. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Preach"ing, n. The act of delivering a religious discourse; the art of
sermonizing; also, a sermon; a public religious discourse; serious,
earnest advice. Milner.

Preaching cross, a cross, sometimes surmounting a pulpit, erected out
of doors to designate a preaching place. -- Preaching friars. See
Dominican.

Preach"man (?), n.; pl. Preachmen (&?;). A preacher; -- so called in
contempt. [Obs.] Howell.

Preach"ment (?), n. A religious harangue; a sermon; -- used
derogatively. Shak.

Pre`ac*quaint" (?), v. t. To acquaint previously or beforehand.
Fielding.

Pre`ac*quaint"ance (?), n. Previous acquaintance or knowledge. Harris.

Pre*act" (?), v. t. To act beforehand; to perform previously.

Pre*ac"tion (?), n. Previous action.

Pre`a*dam"ic (?), a. Prior to Adam.

Pre*ad"am*ite (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈadamite.] 1. An inhabitant of the
earth before Adam.

2. One who holds that men existed before Adam.

Pre*ad`am*it"ic (?), a. Existing or occurring before Adam; preadamic;
as, preadamitic periods.

Pre`ad*just"ment (?), n. Previous adjustment.

Pre`ad*min`is*tra"tion (?), n. Previous administration. Bp. Pearson.

Pre`ad*mon"ish, v. t. To admonish previously.

Pre*ad`mo*ni"tion (?), n. Previous warning or admonition; forewarning.

Pre*ad`ver*tise" (?), v. t. To advertise beforehand; to preannounce
publicly.

Pre"am`ble (?), n. [LL. praeambulum, from L. praeambulus walking
before, fr. praeambulare to walk before; prae before + ambulare to
walk: cf. F. prÈambule. See Amble.] A introductory portion; an
introduction or preface, as to a book, document, etc.; specifically,
the introductory part of a statute, which states the reasons and intent
of the law.

Pre"am`ble, v. t. & i. To make a preamble to; to preface; to serve as a
preamble. [R.] Feltham. Milton.

Pre*am"bu*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. OF. preambulaire.] Of or pertaining to a
preamble; introductory; contained or provided for in a preamble. "A
preambulary tax." [R.] Burke.

Pre*am"bu*late (?), v. i. [L. praeambulare. See Preamble.] To walk
before. [R.] Jordan.

Pre*am`bu*la"tion (?), n. 1. A walking or going before; precedence.
[R.]

2. A preamble. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pre*am"bu*la*to*ry (?), a. Preceding; going before; introductory. [R.]

    Simon Magus had preambulatory impieties.


Jer. Taylor.

Pre*am"bu*lous (?), a. [See Preamble, n.] See Perambulatory. [R.] Sir
T. Browne.

Pre`an*nounce" (?), v. t. To announce beforehand. Coleridge.

Pre*an`te*nul"ti*mate (?), a. Being or indicating the fourth syllable
from the end of a word, or that before the antepenult.

Pre`a*or"tic (?), a. (Anat.) In front, or on the ventral side, of the
aorta.

Pre`ap*point" (?), v. t. To appoint previously, or beforehand. Carlyle.

Pre`ap*point"ment (?), n. Previous appointment.

Pre*ap`pre*hen"sion (?), n. An apprehension or opinion formed before
examination or knowledge. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Pre*arm" (?), v. t. To forearm. [R.]

Pre`ar*range" (?), v. t. To arrange beforehand.

Prease (?), v. t. & i. To press; to crowd. [Obs.] -- n. A press; a
crowd. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pre`as*sur"ance (?), n. Previous assurance. Coleridge.

Pre`a*tax"ic (?), a. (Med.) Occurring before the symptom ataxia has
developed; -- applied to the early symptoms of locomotor ataxia.

Pre*au"di*ence (?), n. (Eng. Law) Precedence of rank at the bar among
lawyers. Blackstone.

Pre*ax"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of any transverse axis in
the body of an animal; anterior; cephalic; esp., in front, or on the
anterior, or cephalic (that is, radial or tibial) side of the axis of a
limb.

Preb"end (prb"nd), n. [F. prÈbende (cf. It. & Sp. prebenda), from L.
praebenda, from L. praebere to hold forth, afford, contr. fr.
praehibere; prae before + habere to have, hold. See Habit, and cf.
Provender.] 1. A payment or stipend; esp., the stipend or maintenance
granted to a prebendary out of the estate of a cathedral or collegiate
church with which he is connected. See Note under Benefice.

2. A prebendary. [Obs.] Bacon.

Dignitary prebend, one having jurisdiction annexed to it. -- Simple
prebend, one without jurisdiction.

Pre*ben"dal (pr*bn"dal), a. Of or pertaining to a prebend; holding a
prebend; as, a prebendal priest or stall. Chesterfield.

Preb"en*da*ry (prb"n*d*r), n. [LL. praebendarius: cf. F. prÈbendaire.
See Prebend.] 1. A clergyman attached to a collegiate or cathedral
church who enjoys a prebend in consideration of his officiating at
stated times in the church. See Note under Benefice, n., 3. Hook.

2. A prebendaryship. [Obs.] Bailey.

Preb"en*da*ry*ship, n. The office of a prebendary.

Preb"en*date (?), v. t. [LL. praebendatus, p. p. of praebendari.] To
invest with the office of prebendary; to present to a prebend. [Obs.]
Grafton.

Preb"end*ship (?), n. A prebendaryship. [Obs.] Foxe.

Pre*bron"chi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the bronchus; --
applied especially to an air sac on either side of the esophagus of
birds.

Pre*cal"cu*late (?), v. t. To calculate or determine beforehand; to
prearrange. Masson.

Pre"cant (?), n. [L. precans, -antis, p. pr. of precari to pray.] One
who prays. [R.] Coleridge.

Pre*ca"ri*ous (?), a. [L. precarius obtained by begging or prayer,
depending on request or on the will of another, fr. precari to pray,
beg. See Pray.] 1. Depending on the will or pleasure of another; held
by courtesy; liable to be changed or lost at the pleasure of another;
as, precarious privileges. Addison.

2. Held by a doubtful tenure; depending on unknown causes or events;
exposed to constant risk; not to be depended on for certainty or
stability; uncertain; as, a precarious state of health; precarious
fortunes. "Intervals of partial and precarious liberty." Macaulay.

Syn. -- Uncertain; unsettled; unsteady; doubtful; dubious; equivocal.
-- Precarious, Uncertain. Precarious in stronger than uncertain.
Derived originally from the Latin precari, it first signified "granted
to entreaty," and, hence, "wholly dependent on the will of another."
Thus it came to express the highest species of uncertainty, and is
applied to such things as depend wholly on future casualties.

-- Pre*ca"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Pre*ca"ri*ous*ness, n.

Pre*ca"tion (?), n. [L. precatio.] The act of praying; supplication;
entreaty. Cotton.

{ Prec"a*tive (?), Prec"a*to*ry (?), } a. [L. precativus, precatorius,
fr. precari to pray. See Precarious.] Suppliant; beseeching. Bp.
Hopkins.

Precatory words (Law), words of recommendation, request, entreaty,
wish, or expectation, employed in wills, as distinguished from express
directions; -- in some cases creating a trust. Jarman.

Pre*cau"tion (?), n. [F. prÈcation, L. praecautio, fr. praecavere,
praecautum, to guard against beforehand; prae before + cavere be on
one's guard. See Pre-, and Caution.] 1. Previous caution or care;
caution previously employed to prevent mischief or secure good; as, his
life was saved by precaution.

    They [ancient philosophers] treasured up their supposed discoveries
    with miserable precaution.


J. H. Newman.

2. A measure taken beforehand to ward off evil or secure good or
success; a precautionary act; as, to take precautions against accident.

Pre*cau"tion, v. t. [Cf. F. prÈcautionner.] 1. To warn or caution
beforehand. Locke.

<! p. 1126 !>

2. To take precaution against. [R.] Dryden.

Pre*cau"tion*al (?), a. Precautionary.

Pre*cau"tion*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to precaution, or
precautions; as, precautionary signals.

Pre*cau"tious (?), a. Taking or using precaution; precautionary. --
Pre*cau"tious*ly, adv. -- Pre*cau"*tious*ness, n.

Pre`ce*da"ne*ous (?), a. Preceding; antecedent; previous. [Obs.]
Hammond.

Pre*cede" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preceded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preceding.] [L. praecedere, praecessum; prae before + cedere to go, to
be in motion: cf. F. prÈceder. See Pre-, and Cede.] 1. To go before in
order of time; to occur first with relation to anything. "Harm precedes
not sin." Milton.

2. To go before in place, rank, or importance.

3. To cause to be preceded; to preface; to introduce; -- used with by
or with before the instrumental object. [R.]

    It is usual to precede hostilities by a public declaration.


Kent.

{ Pre*ced"ence (?), Pre*ced"en*cy (?), } n. [Cf. F. prÈcÈdence. See
Precede.] 1. The act or state of preceding or going before in order of
time; priority; as, one event has precedence of another.

2. The act or state of going or being before in rank or dignity, or the
place of honor; right to a more honorable place; superior rank; as,
barons have precedence of commoners.

    Which of them [the different desires] has the precedency in
    determining the will to the next action?


Locke.

Syn. -- Antecedence; priority; preÎminence; preference; superiority.

Pre*ced"ent (?), a. [L. praecedens, -entis, p. pr. of praecedere: cf.
F. prÈcÈdent. See Precede.] Going before; anterior; preceding;
antecedent; as, precedent services. Shak. "A precedent injury." Bacon.

Condition precedent (Law), a condition which precede the vesting of an
estate, or the accruing of a right.

Prec"e*dent (?), n. 1. Something done or said that may serve as an
example to authorize a subsequent act of the same kind; an
authoritative example.

    Examples for cases can but direct as precedents only.


Hooker.

2. A preceding circumstance or condition; an antecedent; hence, a
prognostic; a token; a sign. [Obs.]

3. A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy. [Obs.]
Shak.

4. (Law) A judicial decision which serves as a rule for future
determinations in similar or analogous cases; an authority to be
followed in courts of justice; forms of proceeding to be followed in
similar cases. Wharton.

Syn. -- Example; antecedent. -- Precedent, Example. An example in a
similar case which may serve as a rule or guide, but has no authority
out of itself. A precedent is something which comes down to us from the
past with the sanction of usage and of common consent. We quote
examples in literature, and precedents in law.

Prec"e*dent*ed, a. Having a precedent; authorized or sanctioned by an
example of a like kind. Walpole.

Prec`e*den"tial (?), a. Of the nature of a precedent; having force as
an example for imitation; as, precedential transactions.

    All their actions in that time are not precedential to warrant
    posterity.


Fuller.

Pre*ced"ent*ly (?), adv. Beforehand; antecedently.

Pre*ced"ing, a. 1. Going before; -- opposed to following.

2. (Astron.) In the direction toward which stars appear to move. See
Following, 2.

Pre*cel" (?), v. t. & i. [See Precellence.] To surpass; to excel; to
exceed. [Obs.] Howell.

{ Pre*cel"lence (?), Pre*cel"len*cy (?), } n. [L. praecellentia, from
praecellens, p. pr. of praecellere to excel, surpass: cf. OF.
precellence.] Excellence; superiority. [Obs.] Sheldon.

Pre*cel"lent (?), a. [L. praecellens, p. pr.] Excellent; surpassing.
[Obs.] Holland.

Pre*cen"tor (?), n. [L. praecentor, fr. praecinere to sing before; prae
before + canere to sing. See Chant.] A leader of a choir; a directing
singer. Specifically: (a) The leader of the choir in a cathedral; --
called also the chanter or master of the choir. Hook. (b) The leader of
the congregational singing in Scottish and other churches.

Pre*cen"tor*ship, n. The office of a precentor.

Pre"cept (?), n. [L. praeceptum, from praecipere to take beforehand, to
instruct, teach; prae before + capere to take: cf. F. prÈcepte. See
Pre-, and Capacious.] 1. Any commandment, instruction, or order
intended as an authoritative rule of action; esp., a command respecting
moral conduct; an injunction; a rule.

    For precept must be upon precept.


Isa. xxviii. 10.

    No arts are without their precepts.


Dryden.

2. (Law) A command in writing; a species of writ or process. Burrill.

Syn. -- Commandment; injunction; mandate; law; rule; direction;
principle; maxim. See Doctrine.

Pre"cept, v. t. To teach by precepts. [Obs.] Bacon.

Pre*cep"tial (?), a. Preceptive. [Obs.]

    [Passion] would give preceptial medicine to rage.


Shak.

Pre*cep"tion (?), n. [L. praeceptio.] A precept. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Pre*cep"tive (?), a. [L. praeceptivus.] Containing or giving precepts;
of the nature of precepts; didactic; as, the preceptive parts of the
Scriptures.

    The lesson given us here is preceptive to us.


L'Estrange.

Pre*cep"tor (?), n. [L. praeceptor, fr. praecipere to teach: cf. F.
prÈcepteur. See Precept.] 1. One who gives commands, or makes rules;
specifically, the master or principal of a school; a teacher; an
instructor.

2. The head of a preceptory among the Knights Templars. Sir W. Scott.

Pre`cep*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a preceptor.

Pre*cep"to*ry (?; 277), a. Preceptive. "A law preceptory." Anderson
(1573).

Pre*cep"to*ry, n.; pl. Preceptories (#). [LL. praeceptoria an estate
assigned to a preceptor, from L. praeceptor a commander, ruler,
teacher, in LL., procurator, administrator among the Knights Templars.
See Preceptor.] A religious house of the Knights Templars, subordinate
to the temple or principal house of the order in London. See
Commandery, n., 2.

Pre*cep"tress (?), n. A woman who is the principal of a school; a
female teacher.

Pre*ces"sion (?), n. [L. praecedere, praecessum, to go before: cf. F.
prÈcession. See Precede.] The act of going before, or forward.

Lunisolar precession. (Astron.) See under Lunisolar. -- Planetary
precession, that part of the precession of the equinoxes which depends
on the action of the planets alone. -- Precession of the equinoxes
(Astron.), the slow backward motion of the equinoctial points along the
ecliptic, at the rate of 50.2&Prime; annually, caused by the action of
the sun, moon, and planets, upon the protuberant matter about the
earth's equator, in connection with its diurnal rotation; -- so called
because either equinox, owing to its westerly motion, comes to the
meridian sooner each day than the point it would have occupied without
the motion of precession, and thus precedes that point continually with
reference to the time of transit and motion.

Pre*ces"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to pression; as, the
precessional movement of the equinoxes.

Pre*ces"sor (?), n. [L. praecessor.] A predecessor. [Obs.] Fuller.

Pre"cinct (?; 277), n. [LL. praecinctum, fr. L. praecingere,
praecinctum, to gird about, to encompass; prae before + cingere to
gird, surround. See Pre-, and Cincture.] 1. The limit or exterior line
encompassing a place; a boundary; a confine; limit of jurisdiction or
authority; -- often in the plural; as, the precincts of a state. "The
precincts of light." Milton.

2. A district within certain boundaries; a minor territorial or
jurisdictional division; as, an election precinct; a school precinct.

3. A parish or prescribed territory attached to a church, and taxed for
its support. [U.S.]

    The parish, or precinct, shall proceed to a new choice.


Laws of Massachusetts.

Pre`ci*os"i*ty (?), n. Preciousness; something precious. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

Pre"cious (?), a. [OF. precious, precius, precios, F. prÈcieux, L.
pretiosus, fr. pretium price, worth, value. See Price.] 1. Of great
price; costly; as, a precious stone. "The precious bane." Milton.

2. Of great value or worth; very valuable; highly esteemed; dear;
beloved; as, precious recollections.

    She is more precious than rules.


Prov. iii. 15.

    Many things which are most precious are neglected only because the
    value of them lieth hid.


Hooker.

Also used ironically; as, a precious rascal.

3. Particular; fastidious; overnice. [Obs.]

    Lest that precious folk be with me wroth.


Chaucer.

Precious metals, the uncommon and highly valuable metals, esp. gold and
silver. -- Precious stones, gems; jewels.

Pre"cious*ly, adv. In a precious manner; expensively; extremely;
dearly. Also used ironically.

Pre"cious*ness, n. The quality or state of being precious; costliness;
dearness.

Prec"i*pe (?), n. (Law) See PrÊcipe, and Precept.

Prec"i*pice (?), n. [F. prÈcipice, L. praecipitium, fr. praeceps,
-cipitis, headlong; prae before + caput, capitis, the head. See Pre-,
and Chief.] 1. A sudden or headlong fall. [Obs.] Fuller.

2. A headlong steep; a very steep, perpendicular, or overhanging place;
an abrupt declivity; a cliff.

    Where wealth like fruit on precipices grew.


Dryden.

Pre*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. praecipiens, p. pr. See Precept.] Commanding;
directing.

Pre*cip`i*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being
precipitable.

Pre*cip"i*ta*ble (?), a. Capable of being precipitated, or cast to the
bottom, as a substance in solution. See Precipitate, n. (Chem.)

{ Pre*cip"i*tance (?), Pre*cip"i*tan*cy (?), } n. [From Precipitant.]
The quality or state of being precipitant, or precipitate; headlong
hurry; excessive or rash haste in resolving, forming an opinion, or
executing a purpose; precipitation; as, the precipitancy of youth.
"Precipitance of judgment." I. Watts.

Pre*cip"i*tant (?), a. [L. praecipitans, -antis, p. pr. of
praecipitare: cf. F. prÈcipitant. See Precipitate.] 1. Falling or
rushing headlong; rushing swiftly, violently, or recklessly; moving
precipitately.

    They leave their little lives Above the clouds, precipitant to
    earth.


J. Philips.

    Should he return, that troop so blithe and bold, Precipitant in
    fear would wing their flight.


Pope.

2. Unexpectedly or foolishly brought on or hastened; rashly hurried;
hasty; sudden; reckless. Jer. Taylor. "Precipitant rebellion." Eikon
Basilike.

Pre*cip"i*tant, n. (Chem.) Any force or reagent which causes the
formation of a precipitate.

Pre*cip"i*tant*ly, adv. With rash or foolish haste; in headlong manner.
Milton.

Pre*cip"i*tant*ness, n. The quality or state of being precipitant;
precipitation.

Pre*cip"i*tate (?), a. [L. praecipitatus, p. p. of praecipitare to
precipitate, fr. praeceps headlong. See Precipice.] 1. Overhasty; rash;
as, the king was too precipitate in declaring war. Clarendon.

2. Lacking due deliberation or care; hurried; said or done before the
time; as, a precipitate measure. "The rapidity of our too precipitate
course." Landor.

3. Falling, flowing, or rushing, with steep descent; headlong.

    Precipitate the furious torrent flows.


Prior.

4. Ending quickly in death; brief and fatal; as, a precipitate case of
disease. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

Pre*cip"i*tate (?), n. [NL. praecipitatum: cf. F. prÈcipitÈ.] 1.
(Chem.) An insoluble substance separated from a solution in a concrete
state by the action of some reagent added to the solution, or of some
force, such as heat or cold. The precipitate may fall to the bottom
(whence the name), may be diffused through the solution, or may float
at or near the surface.

Red precipitate (Old. Chem), mercuric oxide (HgO) a heavy red
crystalline powder obtained by heating mercuric nitrate, or by heating
mercury in the air. Prepared in the latter manner, it was the
precipitate per se of the alchemists. -- White precipitate (Old Chem.)
(a) A heavy white amorphous powder (NH2.HgCl) obtained by adding
ammonia to a solution of mercuric chloride or corrosive sublimate; --
formerly called also infusible white precipitate, and now
amido-mercuric chloride. (b) A white crystalline substance obtained by
adding a solution of corrosive sublimate to a solution of sal ammoniac
(ammonium chloride); -- formerly called also fusible white precipitate.

Pre*cip"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precipitated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Precipitating.] 1. To throw headlong; to cast down from a precipice
or height.

    She and her horse had been precipitated to the pebbled region of
    the river.


W. Irving.

2. To urge or press on with eager haste or violence; to cause to
happen, or come to a crisis, suddenly or too soon; as, precipitate a
journey, or a conflict.

    Back to his sight precipitates her steps.


Glover.

    If they be daring, it may precipitate their designs, and prove
    dangerous.


Bacon.

3. (Chem.) To separate from a solution, or other medium, in the form of
a precipitate; as, water precipitates camphor when in solution with
alcohol.

    The light vapor of the preceding evening had been precipitated by
    the cold.


W. Irving.

Pre*cip"i*tate, v. i. 1. To dash or fall headlong. [R.]

    So many fathom down precipitating.


Shak.

2. To hasten without preparation. [R.]

3. (Chem.) To separate from a solution as a precipitate. See
Precipitate, n.

Pre*cip"i*tate*ly (?), adv. In a precipitate manner; headlong; hastily;
rashly. Swift.

Pre*cip`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. praecipitatio: cf. F. prÈcipitation.] 1.
The act of precipitating, or the state of being precipitated, or thrown
headlong.

    In peril of precipitation From off rock Tarpeian.


Shak.

2. A falling, flowing, or rushing downward with violence and rapidity.

    The hurry, precipitation, and rapid motion of the water, returning
    . . . towards the sea.


Woodward.

3. Great hurry; rash, tumultuous haste; impetuosity. "The precipitation
of inexperience." Rambler.

4. (Chem.) The act or process of precipitating from a solution.

Pre*cip"i*ta`tor (?), n. [L. praecipitator an overthrower.] One who
precipitates, or urges on with vehemence or rashness. Hammond.

Prec`i*pi"tious (?), a. Precipitous. [Obs.] -- Prec`i*pi"tious*ly, adv.
[Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Pre*cip"i*tous (?), a. [L. praeceps, -cipitis: cf. OF. precipiteux. See
Precipice.] 1. Steep, like a precipice; as, a precipitous cliff or
mountain.

2. Headlong; as, precipitous fall.

3. Hasty; rash; quick; sudden; precipitate; as, precipitous attempts.
Sir T. Browne. "Marian's low, precipitous ëHush!'" Mrs. Browning.

-- Pre*cip"i*tous*ly, adv. -- Pre*cip"i*tous*ness, n.

||PrÈ`cis" (pr`s"), n. [F. See Precise.] A concise or abridged
||statement or view; an abstract; a summary.

Pre*cise" (?), a. [L. praecisus cut off, brief, concise, p. p. of
praecidere to cut off in front, to cut off; prae before + caedere to
cut: cf. F. prÈcis. Cf. Concise.] 1. Having determinate limitations;
exactly or sharply defined or stated; definite; exact; nice; not vague
or equivocal; as, precise rules of morality.

    The law in this point is not precise.


Bacon.

    For the hour precise Exacts our parting hence.


Milton.

2. Strictly adhering or conforming to rule; very nice or exact;
punctilious in conduct or ceremony; formal; ceremonious. Addison.

    He was ever precise in promise- keeping.


Shak.

Syn. -- Accurate; exact; definite; correct; scrupulous; punctilious;
particular; nice; formal. See Accurate.

-- Pre*cise"ly, adv. -- Pre*cise"ness, n.

Pre*ci"sian (?), n. 1. One who limits, or restrains. [Obs.]

2. An overprecise person; one rigidly or ceremoniously exact in the
observance of rules; a formalist; -- formerly applied to the English
Puritans.

    The most dissolute cavaliers stood aghast at the dissoluteness of
    the emancipated precisian.


Macaulay.

Pre*ci"sian*ism (?), n. The quality or state of being a precisian; the
practice of a precisian. Milton.

Pre*ci"sian*ist, n. A precisian.

Pre*ci"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈcision, L. praecisio a cutting off. See
Precise.] The quality or state of being precise; exact limitation;
exactness; accuracy; strict conformity to a rule or a standard;
definiteness.

    I have left out the utmost precisions of fractions.


Locke.

Syn. -- Preciseness; exactness; accuracy; nicety. -- Precision,
Preciseness. Precision is always used in a good sense; as, precision of
thought or language; precision in military evolutions. Preciseness is
sometimes applied to persons or their conduct in a disparaging sense,
and precise is often used in the same way.

Pre*ci"sive (?), a. Cutting off; (Logic) exactly limiting by cutting
off all that is not absolutely relative to the purpose; as, precisive
censure; precisive abstraction. I. Watts.

<! p. 1127 !>

Pre*clude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precluded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Precluding.] [L. praecludere, praeclusum; prae before + claudere to
shut. See Close, v.] 1. To put a barrier before; hence, to shut out; to
hinder; to stop; to impede.

    The valves preclude the blood from entering the veins.


E. Darwin.

2. To shut out by anticipative action; to prevent or hinder by
necessary consequence or implication; to deter action of, access to,
employment of, etc.; to render ineffectual; to obviate by anticipation.

    This much will obviate and preclude the objections.


Bentley.

Pre*clu"sion (?), n. [L. praeclusio. See Preclude.] The act of
precluding, or the state of being precluded; a shutting out.

Pre*clu"sive (?), a. Shutting out; precluding, or tending to preclude;
hindering. -- Pre*clu"sive*ly, adv.

Pre*coce" (?), a. [F. prÈcoce.] Precocious. [Obs.]

||Pre"co*ces, n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as PrÊcoces.

Pre*co"cious (?), a. [L. praecox, -ocis, and praecoquus, fr.
praecoquere to cook or ripen beforehand; prae before + coquere to cook.
See 3d Cook, and cf. Apricot.] 1. Ripe or mature before the proper or
natural time; early or prematurely ripe or developed; as, precocious
trees. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. Developed more than is natural or usual at a given age; exceeding
what is to be expected of one's years; too forward; -- used especially
of mental forwardness; as, a precocious child; precocious talents.

Pre*co"cious*ly, adv. In a precocious manner.

{ Pre*co"cious*ness, Pre*coc"i*ty (?), } n. [Cf. F. prÈcocitÈ.] The
quality or state of being precocious; untimely ripeness; premature
development, especially of the mental powers; forwardness.

    Saucy precociousness in learning.


Bp. Mannyngham.

    That precocity which sometimes distinguishes uncommon genius.


Wirt.

Pre*co`e*ta"ne*an (?), n. One contemporary with, but older than,
another. [Obs.] Fuller.

Pre*cog"i*tate (?), v. t. [L. praecogitatus, p. p. of praecogitare. See
Pre-, and Cogitate.] To cogitate beforehand. [R.] Sherwood.

Pre*cog`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. praecogitatio.] Previous cogitation. [R.]
Bailey.

Pre`cog*ni"tion (?), n. [L. praecognitio, fr. praecognoscere to
foreknow. See Pre-, and Cognition.] 1. Previous cognition. Fotherby.

2. (Scots Law) A preliminary examination of a criminal case with
reference to a prosecution. Erskine.

Pre*cog"ni*za*ble (?), a. Cognizable beforehand.

Pre*cog"nosce (?), v. t. [L. praecognoscere to foreknow.] (Scots Law)
To examine beforehand, as witnesses or evidence.

    A committee of nine precognoscing the chances.


Masson.

Pre`col*lec"tion (?), n. A collection previously made. [R.]

Pre`com*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precomposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Precomposing.] To compose beforehand. Johnson.

Pre`con*ceit" (?), n. An opinion or notion formed beforehand; a
preconception. Hooker.

Pre`con*ceive" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preconceived (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Preconceiving.] To conceive, or form an opinion of, beforehand; to
form a previous notion or idea of.

    In a dead plain the way seemeth the longer, because the eye hath
    preconceived it shorter than the truth.


Bacon.

Pre`con*cep"tion (?), n. The act of preconceiving; conception or
opinion previously formed.

Pre`con*cert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preconcerted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preconcerting.] To concert or arrange beforehand; to settle by previous
agreement.

Pre*con"cert (?), n. Something concerted or arranged beforehand; a
previous agreement.

Pre`con*cert"ed (?), a. Previously arranged; agreed upon beforehand. --
Pre`con*cert"ed*ly, adv. -- Pre`con*cert"ed*ness, n.

Pre`con*cer"tion (?), n. The act of preconcerting; preconcert. Dr. T.
Dwight.

Pre`con*demn` (?), v. t. To condemn beforehand. -- Pre*con`dem*na"tion
(#), n.

Pre`con*di"tion (?), n. A previous or antecedent condition; a
preliminary condition.

Pre`con*form" (?), v. t. & i. To conform by way anticipation. De
Quincey.

Pre`con*form"i*ty (?), n. Anticipative or antecedent conformity.
Coleridge.

Pre*con"i*zate (?), v. t. [Cf. F. prÈconiser.] To proclaim; to publish;
also, to summon; to call. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet.

Pre*con`i*za"tion (?), n. [L. praeconium a crying out in public, fr.
praeco, - onis, a crier, a herald: cf. F. prÈconisation.] 1. A
publishing by proclamation; a public proclamation. Bp. Hall.

2. (Eccl.) A formal approbation by the pope of a person nominated to an
ecclesiastical dignity. Addis & Arnold.

Pre"con*ize (?), v. t. (Eccl.) To approve by preconization.

Pre*con"quer (?), v. t. To conquer in anticipation. [R.] Fuller.

Pre*con""scious (?), a. Of or pertaining to a state before
consciousness.

Pre`con*sent" (?), n. A previous consent.

Pre`con*sign" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preconsigned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Preconsigning.] To consign beforehand; to make a previous
consignment of.

Pre`con*sol"i*da`ted (?), a. Consolidated beforehand.

Pre*con"sti*tute (?), v. t. To constitute or establish beforehand.

Pre`con*tract" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precontracted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Precontracting.] To contract, engage, or stipulate previously.

Pre`con*tract" (?), v. i. To make a previous contract or agreement.
Ayliffe.

Pre*con"tract (?), n. A contract preceding another; especially (Law), a
contract of marriage which, according to the ancient law, rendered void
a subsequent marriage solemnized in violation of it. Abbott.

Pre`con*trive" (?), v. t. & i. To contrive or plan beforehand.

Pre*cor"a*coid (?), n. (Anat.) The anterior part of the coracoid (often
closely united with the clavicle) in the shoulder girdle of many
reptiles and amphibians.

Pre*cor"di*al (?), a. [Pref. pre- + L. cor, cordis, heart: cf. F.
prÈcordial.] (Anat.) Situated in front of the heart; of or pertaining
to the prÊcordia.

Pre*cru"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the leg or thigh; as,
the precrural glands of the horse.

Pre*cur"rer (?), n. A precursor. [Obs.] Shak.

Pre*curse" (?), n. [L. praecursus.] A forerunning. [Obs.] Shak.

Pre*cur"sive (?), a. Preceding; introductory; precursory. "A deep
precursive sound." Coleridge.

Pre*cur"sor (?), n. [L. praecursor, fr. praecurrere to run before; prae
before + currere to run. See Course.] One who, or that which, precedes
an event, and indicates its approach; a forerunner; a harbinger.

    Evil thoughts are the invisible, airy precursors of all the storms
    and tempests of the soul.


Buckminster.

Syn. -- Predecessor; forerunner; harbinger; messenger; omen; sign.

Pre*cur"sor*ship, n. The position or condition of a precursor. Ruskin.

Pre*cur"so*ry (?), a. [L. praecursorius.] Preceding as a precursor or
harbinger; indicating something to follow; as, precursory symptoms of a
fever.

Pre*cur"so*ry, n. An introduction. [Obs.]

Pre*da"cean (?), n. [L. praeda prey.] (Zoˆl.) A carnivorous animal.
Kirby.

Pre*da"ceous (?), a. [L. praeda prey. See Prey.] Living by prey;
predatory. Derham.

Pre"dal (?), a. [L. praeda prey.] Of or pertaining to prey; plundering;
predatory. [R.] Boyse.

Pre*date" (?), v. t. To date anticipation; to affix to (a document) an
earlier than the actual date; to antedate; as, a predated deed or
letter.

Pre*da"tion (?), n. [L. praedatio, fr. praedari to plunder.] The act of
pillaging. E. Hall.

Pred"a*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a predatory manner.

Pred"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. praedatorius, fr. praedari to plunder, fr.
praeda prey. See Prey.] 1. Characterized by plundering; practicing
rapine; plundering; pillaging; as, a predatory excursion; a predatory
party. "A predatory war." Macaulay.

2. Hungry; ravenous; as, predatory spirits. [Obs.]

    Exercise . . . maketh the spirits more hot and predatory.


Bacon.

3. (Zoˆl.) Living by preying upon other animals; carnivorous.

Prede (?), v. i. [L. praedari. See Prey.] To prey; to plunder. [Obs.]
Holinshed.

Prede, n. Prey; plunder; booty. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Pre"de*cay` (?), n. Premature decay.

Pre`de*cease (?), v. t. To die sooner than. "If children predecease
progenitors." Shak.

Pre"de*cease` (?), n. The death of one person or thing before another.
[R.] Brougham.

Pred`e*ces"sive (?), a. Going before; preceding. "Our predecessive
students." Massinger.

Pred`e*ces"sor (?; 277), n. [L. praedecessor; prae before + decessor
one who withdraws from the province he has governed, a retiring officer
(with reference to his successor), a predecessor, fr. decedere: cf. F.
prÈdÈcesseur. See Decease.] One who precedes; one who has preceded
another in any state, position, office, etc.; one whom another follows
or comes after, in any office or position.

    A prince who was as watchful as his predecessor had been over the
    interests of the state.


Prescott.

Pre`de*clare" (?), v. t. To declare or announce beforehand; to
preannounce. Milman.

Pre*ded`i*ca"tion (?), n. A dedication made previously or beforehand.

Pre`de*fine (?), v. t. To define beforehand.

Pre`de*lib`er*a"tion, n. Previous deliberation.

Pre`de*lin`e*a"tion, n. Previous delineation.

||Pre*del"la (?), n. [It.] The step, or raised secondary part, of an
||altar; a superaltar; hence, in Italian painting, a band or frieze of
||several pictures running along the front of a superaltar, or forming
||a border or frame at the foot of an altarpiece.

Pre`de*sign" (?), v. t. To design or purpose beforehand; to
predetermine. Mitford.

Pre*des"ig*nate (?), a. (Logic) A term used by Sir William Hamilton to
define propositions having their quantity indicated by a verbal sign;
as, all, none, etc.; -- contrasted with preindesignate, defining
propositions of which the quantity is not so indicated.

Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to predestination; as, the
predestinarian controversy. Waterland.

Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an, n. One who believes in or supports the doctrine of
predestination. Dr. H. More.

Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an*ism (?), n. The system or doctrine of the
predestinarians.

Pre*des"ti*na*ry (?), a. Predestinarian. [Obs.] Heylin.

Pre*des"ti*nate (?), a. [L. praedestinatus, p. p. of praedestinare to
predestine; prae before + destinare to determine. See Destine.]
Predestinated; foreordained; fated. "A predestinate scratched face."
Shak.

Pre*des"ti*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predestinated (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Predestinating.] [Cf. Predestine.] To predetermine or
foreordain; to appoint or ordain beforehand by an unchangeable purpose
or decree; to preÎlect.

    Whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to
    the image of his Son.


Rom. viii. 29.

Syn. -- To predetermine; foreordain; preordain; decree; predestine;
foredoom.

Pre*des`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L. praedestinatio: cf. F. prÈdestination.]
1. The act of predestinating.

    Predestination had overruled their will.


Milton.

2. (Theol.) The purpose of Good from eternity respecting all events;
especially, the preordination of men to everlasting happiness or
misery. See Calvinism.

Pre*des"ti*na*tive (?), a. Determining beforehand; predestinating. [R.]
Coleridge.

Pre*des"ti*na`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈdestinateur.] 1. One who
predestinates, or foreordains.

2. One who holds to the doctrine of predestination; a predestinarian.
Cowley.

Pre*des"tine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predestined (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Predestining.] [Cf. F. prÈdestiner. See Predestinate.] To decree
beforehand; to foreordain; to predestinate. Young.

Pre*des"ti*ny (?), n. Predestination. [Obs.]

Pre`de*ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. Capable of being determined beforehand.
Coleridge.

Pre`de*ter"mi*nate (?), a. Determined beforehand; as, the
predeterminate counsel of God.

Pre`de*ter`mi*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈdÈtermination.] The act of
previous determination; a purpose formed beforehand; as, the
predetermination of God's will. Hammond.

Pre`de*ter"mine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predetermined (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Predermining.] [Pref. pre- + determine: cf. F. prÈdÈterminer.]
1. To determine (something) beforehand. Sir M. Hale.

2. To doom by previous decree; to foredoom.

Pre`de*ter"mine, v. i. To determine beforehand.

Pre"di*al (?), a. [L. praedium a farm, estate: cf. F. prÈdial.] 1.
Consisting of land or farms; landed; as, predial estate; that is, real
estate. Ayliffe.

2. Attached to land or farms; as, predial slaves.

3. Issuing or derived from land; as, predial tithes.

Pre*di`as*tol"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Preceding the diastole of the
heart; as, a prediastolic friction sound.

Pred`i*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being predicable, or
affirmable of something, or attributed to something. Reid.

Pred"i*ca*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈdicable, L. praedicabilis
praiseworthy. See Predicate.] Capable of being predicated or affirmed
of something; affirmable; attributable.

Pred"i*ca*ble, n. 1. Anything affirmable of another; especially, a
general attribute or notion as affirmable of, or applicable to, many
individuals.

2. (Logic) One of the five most general relations of attributes
involved in logical arrangements, namely, genus, species, difference,
property, and accident.

Pre*dic"a*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈdicament, L. praedicamentum. See
Predicate.] 1. A class or kind described by any definite marks; hence,
condition; particular situation or state; especially, an unfortunate or
trying position or condition. "O woeful sympathy; piteous predicament!"
Shak.

2. (Logic) See Category.

Syn. -- Category; condition; state; plight.

Pre*dic`a*men"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a predicament. John Hall
(1646).

Pred"i*cant (?), a. [L. praedicans, -antis, p. pr. of praedicare. See
Predicate.] Predicating; affirming; declaring; proclaiming; hence;
preaching. "The Roman predicant orders." N. Brit. Rev.

Pred"i*cant, n. One who predicates, affirms, or proclaims;
specifically, a preaching friar; a Dominican.

Pred"i*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Predicating.] [L. praedicatus, p. p. of praedicare to cry in public, to
proclaim. See Preach.] 1. To assert to belong to something; to affirm
(one thing of another); as, to predicate whiteness of snow.

2. To found; to base. [U.S.]

Predicate is sometimes used in the United States for found or base; as,
to predicate an argument on certain principles; to predicate a
statement on information received. Predicate is a term in logic, and
used only in a single case, namely, when we affirm one thing of
another. "Similitude is not predicated of essences or substances, but
of figures and qualities only." Cudworth.

Pred"i*cate, v. i. To affirm something of another thing; to make an
affirmation. Sir M. Hale.

Pred"i*cate (?), n. [L. praedicatum, neut. of praedicatus, p. p.
praedicare: cf. F. prÈdicat. See Predicate, v. t.] 1. (Logic) That
which is affirmed or denied of the subject. In these propositions,
"Paper is white," "Ink is not white," whiteness is the predicate
affirmed of paper and denied of ink.

2. (Gram.) The word or words in a proposition which express what is
affirmed of the subject.

Syn. -- Affirmation; declaration.

Pred"i*cate, a. [L. praedicatus, p. p.] Predicated.

Pred`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. praedicatio: cf. F. prÈdication.] 1. The act
of predicating, or of affirming one thing of another; affirmation;
assertion. Locke.

2. Preaching. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.

Pred"i*ca*tive (?), a. [L. praedicativus.] Expressing affirmation or
predication; affirming; predicating, as, a predicative term. --
Pred"i*ca*tive*ly, adv.

Pred"i*ca*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. L. praedicatorius praising.] Affirmative;
positive. Bp. Hall.

<! p. 1128 !>

Pre`di*crot"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) A term applied to the pulse wave
sometimes seen in a pulse curve or sphygmogram, between the apex of the
curve and the dicrotic wave.

    The predicrotic or tidal wave is best marked in a hard pulse, i.
    e., where the blood pressure is high.


Landois & Stirling.

Pre*dict" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predicted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Predicting.] [L. praedictus, p. p. of praedicere to predict; prae
before + dicere to say, tell. See Diction, and cf. Preach.] To tell or
declare beforehand; to foretell; to prophesy; to presage; as, to
predict misfortune; to predict the return of a comet.

Syn. -- To foretell; prophesy; prognosticate; presage; forebode;
foreshow; bode.

Pre*dict", n. A prediction. [Obs.] Shak.

Pre*dict"a*ble (?), a. That may be predicted.

Pre*dic"tion (?), n. [L. praedictio: cf. F. prÈdiction.] The act of
foretelling; also, that which is foretold; prophecy.

    The predictions of cold and long winters.


Bacon.

Syn. -- Prophecy; prognostication; foreboding; augury; divination;
soothsaying; vaticination.

Pre*dic"tion*al (?), a. Prophetic; prognostic. [R.]

Pre*dict"ive (?), a. [L. praedictivus.] Foretelling; prophetic;
foreboding. - - Pre*dict"ive*ly, adv.

Pre*dict"or (?), n. One who predicts; a foreteller.

Pre*dict"o*ry (?), a. Predictive. [R.] Fuller.

Pre`di*gest" (?), v. t. (Med.) To subject (food) to predigestion or
artificial digestion.

Pre`di*ges"tion (?), n. 1. Digestion too soon performed; hasty
digestion. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. (Med.) Artificial digestion of food for use in illness or impaired
digestion.

Pre`di*lect" (?), v. t. To elect or choose beforehand. [R.] Walter
Harte.

Pre`di*lec"tion (?), n. [Pref. pre-  + L. dilectus, p. p. diligere to
prefer: cf. F. prÈdilection. See Diligent.] A previous liking; a
prepossession of mind in favor of something; predisposition to choose
or like; partiality. Burke.

Pre`dis*cov"er (?), v. t. To discover beforehand.

Pre`dis*cov"er*y (?), n. A previous discovery.

Pre`dis*po"nen*cy (?), n. The state of being predisposed;
predisposition. [R.]

Pre`dis*po"nent (?), a. Disposing beforehand; predisposing. -- n. That
which predisposes.

Predisponent causes. (Med.) See Predisposing causes, under Predispose.
Dunglison.

Pre`dis*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predisposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Predisposing.] [Pref. pre- + dispose: cf. F. prÈdisposer.] 1. To
dispose or incline beforehand; to give a predisposition or bias to; as,
to predispose the mind to friendship.

2. To make fit or susceptible beforehand; to give a tendency to; as,
debility predisposes the body to disease.

Predisposing causes (Med.), causes which render the body liable to
disease; predisponent causes.

Pre*dis`po*si"tion (?), n.[Pref. pre-  + disposition: cf. F.
prÈdisposition.] 1. The act of predisposing, or the state of being
predisposed; previous inclination, tendency, or propensity;
predilection; -- applied to the mind; as, a predisposition to anger.

2. Previous fitness or adaptation to any change, impression, or
purpose; susceptibility; -- applied to material things; as, the
predisposition of the body to disease.

Pre*dom"i*nance (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈdominance.] 1. The quality or state
of being predominant; superiority; ascendency; prevalence;
predomination.

    The predominance of conscience over interest.


South.

2. (Astrol.) The superior influence of a planet. Shak.

Pre*dom"i*nan*cy (?), n. Predominance. Bacon.

Pre*dom"i*nant (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈdominant. See Predominante.] Having
the ascendency over others; superior in strength, influence, or
authority; prevailing; as, a predominant color; predominant excellence.

    Those help . . . were predominant in the king's mind.


Bacon.

    Foul subordination is predominant.


Shak.

Syn. -- Prevalent; superior; prevailing; ascendant; ruling; reigning;
controlling; overruling.

Pre*dom"i*nant*ly, adv. In a predominant manner.

Pre*dom"i*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Predominated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Predominating.] [Pref. pre- + dominate: cf. F. prÈdominer.] To be
superior in number, strength, influence, or authority; to have
controlling power or influence; to prevail; to rule; to have the
mastery; as, love predominated in her heart.

    [Certain] rays may predominate over the rest.


Sir. I. Newton.

Pre*dom"i*nate, v. t. To rule over; to overpower. [R.]

Pre*dom`i*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈdomination.] The act or state of
predominating; ascendency; predominance. W. Browne.

Pre*doom" (?), v. t. To foredoom.

Pre*dor"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the back; immediately
in front, or on the ventral side the dorsal part of the vertebral
column.

Pre"dy (?), a. [Cf. F. prÍt ready.] Cleared and ready for engagement,
as a ship. Smart.

Preed"y (?), adv. With ease. [Prov. Eng.]

Preef (?), n. Proof. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pre`Î*lect" (?), v. t. To elect beforehand.

Pre`Î*lec"tion (?), n. Election beforehand.

Pre*Îm"i*nence (?), n. [F. prÈÈminence, L. praeeminentia. See
PreÎminent.] The quality or state of being preÎminent; superiority in
prominence or in excellence; distinction above others in quality, rank,
etc.; rarely, in a bad sense, superiority or notoriety in evil; as,
preÎminence in honor.

    The preÎminence of Christianity to any other religious scheme.


Addison.

    Painful preÎminence! yourself to view Above life's weakness, and
    its comforts too.


Pope.

    Beneath the forehead's walled preÎminence.


Lowell.

Pre*Îm"i*nent (?), a. [L. praeminens, -entis, p. pr. praeminere to be
prominent, to surpass: cf. F. prÈÈminent. See Pre-, and Eminent.]
Eminent above others; prominent among those who are eminent; superior
in excellence; surpassing, or taking precedence of, others; rarely,
surpassing others in evil, or in bad qualities; as, preÎminent in
guilt.

    In goodness and in power preÎminent.


Milton.

Pre*Îm"i*nent*ly, adv. In a preÎminent degree.

Pre`Îm*ploy (?), v. t. To employ beforehand. "PreÎmployed by him."
Shak.

Pre*Împt" (?; 215), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. PreÎmpted; p. pr. & vb. n.
PreÎmpting.] [See PreÎmption.] To settle upon (public land) with a
right of preemption, as under the laws of the United States; to take by
preÎmption.

Pre*Împ"tion (?; 215), n. [Pref. pre- + emption: cf. F. prÈemption. See
Redeem.] The act or right of purchasing before others. Specifically:
(a) The privilege or prerogative formerly enjoyed by the king of buying
provisions for his household in preference to others. [Eng.] (b) The
right of an actual settler upon public lands (particularly those of the
United States) to purchase a certain portion at a fixed price in
preference to all other applicants. Abbott.

Pre*Împ"tion*er (?), n. One who holds a prior right to purchase certain
public land. Abbott.

Pre*Împ"tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to preÎmption; having power to
preÎmpt; preÎmpting.

Pre*Împt"or (?; 215), n. [Cf. L. praeemptor.] One who preÎmpts; esp.,
one who preÎmpts public land.

Pre*Împt"o*ry (?), a. Pertaining to preÎmption.

Preen (?), n. [AS. preÛn a clasp, bodkin; akin to D. priem punch,
bodkin, awl, G. pfriem, Icel. prjnn a knitting needle, pin, Dan. preen
a bodkin, punch.] A forked tool used by clothiers in dressing cloth.

Preen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Preening.] [See
Preen, n.; or cf. Prune.] 1. To dress with, or as with, a preen; to
trim or dress with the beak, as the feathers; -- said of birds. Derham.

2. To trim up, as trees. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Pre`În*gage" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. PreÎngaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
PreÎngaging (?).] To engage by previous contract; to bind or attach
previously; to preoccupy.

    But he was preÎngaged by former ties.


Dryden.

Pre`În*gage"ment (?), n. Prior engagement, obligation, or attachment,
as by contract, promise, or affection.

    My preÎngagements to other themes were not unknown to those for
    whom I was to write.


Boyle.

Pre`Î*rect" (?), v. t. To erect beforehand.

Prees (?), n. Press; throng. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pre`Îs*tab"lish, v. t. To establish beforehand.

Pre`Îs*tab"lish*ment, n. Settlement beforehand.

Pre`Î*ter"ni*ty (?), n. Infinite previous duration. [R.] "The world's
preÎternity." Cudworth.

Pre`Îx*am`i*na"tion (?), n. Previous examination.

Pre`Îx*am"ine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. PreÎxamined (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
PreÎxamining.] To examine beforehand.

Pre`Îx*ist" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. PreÎxisted; p. pr. & vb. n.
PreÎxisting.] To exist previously; to exist before something else.

Pre`Îx*ist"ence (?), n. 1. Existence in a former state, or previous to
something else.

    Wisdom declares her antiquity and preÎxistence to all the works of
    this earth.


T. Burnet.

2. Existence of the soul before its union with the body; -- a doctrine
held by certain philosophers. Addison.

Pre`Îx*ist"en*cy (?), n. PreÎxistence. [Obs.]

Pre`Îx*ist"ent (?), a. Existing previously; preceding existence; as, a
preÎxistent state. Pope.

Pre`Îx*ist"ent*ism (?), n. (Philos.) The theory of a preÎxistence of
souls before their association with human bodies. Emerson.

Pre`Îx*is`ti*ma"tion (?), n. Previous esteem or estimation. [Obs.] Sir
T. Browne.

Pre*Îx`pec*ta"tion (?), n. Previous expectation.

Pref"ace (?; 48), n. [F. prÈface; cf. Sp. prefacio, prefacion, It.
prefazio, prefazione; all fr. L. praefatio, fr. praefari to speak or
say beforehand; prae before + fari, fatus, to speak. See Fate.] 1.
Something spoken as introductory to a discourse, or written as
introductory to a book or essay; a proem; an introduction, or series of
preliminary remarks.

    This superficial tale Is but a preface of her worthy praise.


Shak.

    Heaven's high behest no preface needs.


Milton.

2. (R. C. Ch.) The prelude or introduction to the canon of the Mass.
Addis & Arnold.

Proper preface (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.), a portion of the
communion service, preceding the prayer of consecration, appointed for
certain seasons.

Syn. -- Introduction; preliminary; preamble; proem; prelude; prologue.

Pref"ace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prefaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prefacing.]
To introduce by a preface; to give a preface to; as, to preface a book
discourse.

Pref"ace, v. i. To make a preface. Jer. Taylor.

Pref"a*cer (?), n. The writer of a preface.

Pref`a*to"ri*al (?), a. Prefatory.

Pref"a*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a prefatory manner; by way of preface.

Pref"a*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a preface;
introductory to a book, essay, or discourse; as, prefatory remarks.

    That prefatory addition to the Creed.


Dryden.

Pre"fect (?), n. [L. praefectus, fr. praefectus, p. p. of praeficere to
set over; prae before + facere to make: cf. F. prÈfet.] 1. A Roman
officer who controlled or superintended a particular command, charge,
department, etc.; as, the prefect of the aqueducts; the prefect of a
camp, of a fleet, of the city guard, of provisions; the pretorian
prefect, who was commander of the troops guarding the emperor's person.

2. A superintendent of a department who has control of its police
establishment, together with extensive powers of municipal regulation.
[France] Brande & C.

3. In the Greek and Roman Catholic churches, a title of certain
dignitaries below the rank of bishop.

Apostolic prefect (R. C. Ch.), the head of a mission, not of episcopal
rank. Shipley.

Pre`fec*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a prefect.

Pre"fect*ship (?), n. The office or jurisdiction of a prefect.

Pre"fec*ture (?; 277), n. [L. praefectura: cf. F. prÈfecture.] The
office, position, or jurisdiction of a prefect; also, his official
residence.

Pre*fec`un*da"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) A term collectively applied to
the changes or conditions preceding fecundation, especially to the
changes which the ovum undergoes before fecundation.

Pre`fe*cun"da*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to prefecundation.

Pre*fer" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preferred (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Preferring.] [F. prÈfÈrer, L. praeferre; prae before + ferre to bear or
carry. See 1st Bear.] 1. To carry or bring (something) forward, or
before one; hence, to bring for consideration, acceptance, judgment,
etc.; to offer; to present; to proffer; to address; -- said especially
of a request, prayer, petition, claim, charge, etc.

    He spake, and to her hand preferred the bowl.


Pope.

    Presently prefer his suit to CÊsar.


Shak.

    Three tongues prefer strange orisons on high.


Byron.

2. To go before, or be before, in estimation; to outrank; to surpass.
[Obs.] "Though maidenhood prefer bigamy." Chaucer.

3. To cause to go before; hence, to advance before others, as to an
office or dignity; to raise; to exalt; to promote; as, to prefer an
officer to the rank of general.

    I would prefer him to a better place.


Shak.

4. To set above or before something else in estimation, favor, or
liking; to regard or honor before another; to hold in greater favor; to
choose rather; -- often followed by to, before, or above.

    If I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief joy.


Ps. cxxxvii. 6.

    Preferred an infamous peace before a most just war.


Knolles.

Preferred stock, stock which takes a dividend before other capital
stock; -- called also preference stock and preferential stock.

Syn. -- To choose; elect. See Choose.

Pref`er*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being preferable;
preferableness. J. S. Mill.

Pref"er*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈfÈrable.] Worthy to be preferred or
chosen before something else; more desirable; as, a preferable scheme.
Addison.

Pref"er*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being preferable.

Pref"er*a*bly, adv. In preference; by choice.

    To choose Plautus preferably to Terence.


Dennis.

Pref"er*ence (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈfÈrence.] 1. The act of Preferring, or
the state of being preferred; the setting of one thing before another;
precedence; higher estimation; predilection; choice; also, the power or
opportunity of choosing; as, to give him his preference.

    Leave the critics on either side to contend about the preference
    due to this or that sort of poetry.


Dryden.

    Knowledge of things alone gives a value to our reasonings, and
    preference of one man's knowledge over another's.


Locke.

2. That which is preferred; the object of choice or superior favor; as,
which is your preference?

Pref`er*en"tial (?), a. Giving, indicating, or having a preference or
precedence; as, a preferential claim; preferential shares.

Pre*fer"ment (?), n. 1. The act of choosing, or the state of being
chosen; preference. [R.]

    Natural preferment of the one . . . before the other.


Sir T. Browne.

2. The act of preferring, or advancing in dignity or office; the state
of being advanced; promotion.

    Neither royal blandishments nor promises of valuable preferment had
    been spared.


Macaulay.

3. A position or office of honor or profit; as, the preferments of the
church.

Pre*fer"rer (?), n. One who prefers.

Pref"i*dence (?), n. The quality or state of being prefident. [Obs.]
Baxter.

Pref"i*dent (?), a. [Cf. L. praefidens overconfident. See Pre-, and
Confident.] Trusting beforehand; hence, overconfident. [Obs.] Baxter.

Pre*fig"u*rate (?), v. t. [L. praefiguratus, p. p. See Prefigure.] To
prefigure. [R.] Grafton.

Pre*fig`u*ra"tion (?), n. [L. praefiguratio.] The act of prefiguring,
or the state of being prefigured.

    A variety of prophecies and prefigurations.


Norris.

Pre*fig"ur*a*tive (?), a. Showing by prefiguration. "The prefigurative
atonement." Bp. Horne.

Pre*fig"ure (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prefigured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Prefiguring.] [F. prÈfigurer, or L. praefigurare, praefiguratum;
prae before + figurare to figure. See Figure, and cf. Prefigurate.] To
show, suggest, or announce, by antecedent types and similitudes; to
foreshadow. "Whom all the various types prefigured." South.

Pre*fig"ure*ment (?), n. The act of prefiguring; prefiguration; also,
that which is prefigured. Carlyle.

Pre*fine" (?), v. t. [L. praefinire; prae before + finire to limit,
determine: cf. F. prÈfiner.] To limit beforehand. [Obs.] Knolles.

<! p. 1129 !>

Pre*fi"nite (?), a. [L. praefinitus, p. p.] Prearranged. [Obs.] " Set
and prefinite time." Holland.

Pref`i*ni"tion (?), n. [L. praefinitio.] Previous limitation. [Obs.]
Fotherby.

Pre*fix" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prefixed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prefixing.] [L. praefixus, p. p. of praefigere to fix or fasten before;
prae before + figere to fix: cf. F. prÈfix fixed beforehand,
determined, prÈfixer to prefix. See Fix.]

1. To put or fix before, or at the beginning of, another thing; as, to
prefix a syllable to a word, or a condition to an agreement.

2. To set or appoint beforehand; to settle or establish antecedently.
[Obs.] " Prefixed bounds. " Locke.

    And now he hath to her prefixt a day.


Spenser.

Pre"fix (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈfixe.] That which is prefixed; esp., one or
more letters or syllables combined or united with the beginning of a
word to modify its signification; as, pre- in prefix, con- in conjure.

Pre*fix"ion (?), n. [Cf. OF. prefixion.] The act of prefixing. [R.]
Bailey.

Pre`flo*ra"tion (?), n. [Pref. pre-  + L. flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.)
∆stivation.

Pre*fo`li*a"tion (?), n. [Pref. pre-  + L. folium leaf.] (Bot.)
Vernation.

Pre*form" (&?;), v. t. [L. praeformare. See Pre-, and Form.] To form
beforehand, or for special ends. "Their natures and preformed
faculties. " Shak.

Pre`for*ma"tion (?), n. (Biol.) An old theory of the preÎxistence of
germs. Cf. EmboÓtement.

Pre*form"a*tive (?), n. A formative letter at the beginning of a word.
M. Stuart.

Pre*fron"tal (?), a. (Anat. & Zoˆl.) Situated in front of the frontal
bone, or the frontal region of the skull; ectethmoid, as a certain bone
in the nasal capsule of many animals, and certain scales of reptiles
and fishes. -- n. A prefrontal bone or scale.

Pre*ful"gen*cy (?), n. [L. praefulgens, p. pr. of praefulgere to shine
forth. See Pre-, and Fulgent.] Superior brightness or effulgency. [R.]
Barrow.

Pre*gage" (&?;), v. t. To preÎngage. [Obs.] Fuller.

Pre*gla"cial (?), a. (Geol.) Prior to the glacial or drift period.

Preg"na*ble (?), a., [F. prenable. See Impregnable.] Capable of being
entered, taken, or captured; expugnable; as, a pregnable fort. [R.]
Cotgrave.

Preg"nance (?), n. Pregnancy. [Obs.] Milton.

Preg"nan*cy (?), n. 1. The condition of being pregnant; the state of
being with young.

2. Figuratively: The quality of being heavy with important contents,
issue, significance, etc.; unusual consequence or capacity; fertility.
Fuller.

Preg"nant (?), a. [L. praegnans, -antis; prae before + genere, gignere,
to beget: cf. F. prÈgnant. See Gender, 2d Kin.]

1. Being with young, as a female; having conceived; great with young;
breeding; teeming; gravid; preparing to bring forth.

2. Heavy with important contents, significance, or issue; full of
consequence or results; weighty; as, pregnant replies. " A pregnant
argument." Prynne. " A pregnant brevity." E. Everett.

3. Full of promise; abounding in ability, resources, etc.; as, a
pregnant youth. [Obs.] Evelyn.

    Wherein the pregnant enemy does much.


Shak.

Pregnant construction (Rhet.), one in which more is implied than is
said; as, the beasts trembled forth from their dens, that is, came
forth trembling with fright.

Preg"nant, n. A pregnant woman. [R.] Dunglison.

Preg"nant, a. [F. prenant taking. Cf. Pregnable.] Affording entrance;
receptive; yielding; willing; open; prompt. [Obs.] " Pregnant to good
pity." Shak.

Preg"nant*ly, adv. In a pregnant manner; fruitfully; significantly.

Preg"nant*ly, adv. Unresistingly; openly; hence, clearly; evidently.
[Obs.] Shak.

Pre"gra*vate (?), v. t. [L. praegravatus, p. p. of praegravare to be
heavy upon, fr. praegravis very heavy.] To bear down; to depress.
[Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Pre*grav"i*tate (?), v. i. To descend by gravity; to sink. [R.] Boyle.

Pre*gus"tant (?), a. [L. praegustans, p. pr. of praegustare to taste
beforehand; prae before + gustare to taste.] Tasting beforehand; having
a foretaste. [R.] Ed. Rev.

Pre`gus*ta"tion (?), n. The act of tasting beforehand; foretaste. [R.]
Dr. Walker (1678).

||Pre*hal"lux (?), n. [NL. See Pre- , and Hallux.] (Anat.) An extra
||first toe, or rudiment of a toe, on the preaxial side of the hallux.

Pre*hend" (&?;), v. t. [L. prehendere. See Prehensile.] To lay hold of;
to seize. [Obs.] Middleton.

Pre*hen"si-ble (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈhensible.] Capable of being seized.

Pre*hen"sile (?), a. [L. prehensus, p. p. of prehendere to lay hold of,
seize; pre- (equiv. to prae before) + hendere (in comp.), akin to E.
get: cf. F. prÈhensile. See Get, and cf. Prison, Prize, n.] Adapted to
seize or grasp; seizing; grasping; as, the prehensile tail of a monkey.

Pre*hen"sion (?), n. [L. prehensio; cf. F. prÈhension. See Prehensile.]
The act of taking hold, seizing, or grasping, as with the hand or other
member.

Pre*hen"so*ry (?), a. Adapted to seize or grasp; prehensile.

Pre`his*tor"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a period before written
history begins; as, the prehistoric ages; prehistoric man.

Prehn"ite (?), n. [So called from the German Colonel Prehn, who first
found it.] (Min.) A pale green mineral occurring in crystalline
aggregates having a botryoidal or mammillary structure, and rarely in
distinct crystals. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.

Prehn*it"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a tetrabasic
acid of benzene obtained as a white crystalline substance; -- probably
so called from the resemblance of the wartlike crystals to the mammillÊ
on the surface of prehnite.

Pre`in*des"ig*nate (?), a. (Logic.) Having no sign expressive of
quantity; indefinite. See Predesignate.

Pre*in`dis*pose" (&?;), v. t. To render indisposed beforehand. Milman.

Pre`in*struct" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preinstructed; p. pr. & vb.
n. Preinstructing.] To instruct previously or beforehand. Dr. H. More.

Pre*in`ti*ma"tion (?), n. Previous intimation; a suggestion beforehand.
T. Scott.

Pre*judge" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prejudged (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prejudging.] [Pref. pre + judge: cf. F. prÈjuger. Cf. Prejudicate,
Prejudice.] To judge before hearing, or before full and sufficient
examination; to decide or sentence by anticipation; to condemn
beforehand.

    The committee of council hath prejudged the whole case, by calling
    the united sense of both houses of Parliament" a universal clamor."


Swift.

Pre*judg"ment (?), n. The act of prejudging; decision before sufficient
examination.

Pre*ju"di*ca*cy (?), n. Prejudice; prepossession. [Obs.] Sir. H.
Blount.

Pre*ju"di*cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the determination of some
matter not previously decided; as, a prejudical inquiry or action at
law.

Pre*ju"di*cant (?), a. [L. praejudicans, p. pr.] Influenced by
prejudice; biased. [R.] " With not too hasty and prejudicant ears."
Milton.

Pre*ju"di*cate (?), a. [L. praejudicatus, p. p. of praejudicare to
prejudge; prae before + judicare to judge. See Judge.] 1. Formed before
due examination. "Ignorance and prejudicate opinions." Jer. Taylor.

2. Biased by opinions formed prematurely; prejudiced. "Prejudicate
readers." Sir T. Browne.

Pre*ju"di*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prejudicated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Prejudicating.] [Cf. Prejudge.] To determine beforehand, especially
to disadvantage; to prejudge.

    Our dearest friend Prejudicates the business.


Shak.

Pre*ju"di*cate, v. i. To prejudge. Sir P. Sidney.

Pre*ju"di*cate*ly (?), adv. With prejudice.

Pre*ju`di*ca"tion (?), n. 1. The act of prejudicating, or of judging
without due examination of facts and evidence; prejudgment.

2. (Rom. Law) (a) A preliminary inquiry and determination about
something which belongs to a matter in dispute. (b) A previous
treatment and decision of a point; a precedent.

Pre*ju"di*ca*tive (?), a. Forming a judgment without due examination;
prejudging. Dr. H. More.

Prej"u*dice (?), n. [F. prÈjudice, L. praejudicium; prae before +
judicium judgment. See Prejudicate, Judicial.] 1. Foresight. [Obs.]

    Naught might hinder his quick prejudize.


Spenser.

2. An opinion or judgment formed without due examination; prejudgment;
a leaning toward one side of a question from other considerations than
those belonging to it; an unreasonable predilection for, or objection
against, anything; especially, an opinion or leaning adverse to
anything, without just grounds, or before sufficient knowledge.

    Though often misled by prejudice and passion, he was emphatically
    an honest man.


Macaulay.

3. (Law) A bias on the part of judge, juror, or witness which
interferes with fairness of judgment.

4. Mischief; hurt; damage; injury; detriment. Locke.

    England and France might, through their amity, Breed him some
    prejudice.


Shak.

Syn. -- Prejudgment; prepossession; bias; harm; hurt; damage;
detriment; mischief; disadvantage.

Prej"u*dice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prejudiced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prejudicing (?).] [Cf. F. prÈjudicier. See Prejudice, n.] 1. To cause
to have prejudice; to prepossess with opinions formed without due
knowledge or examination; to bias the mind of, by hasty and incorrect
notions; to give an unreasonable bent to, as to one side or the other
of a cause; as, to prejudice a critic or a juryman.

    Suffer not any beloved study to prejudice your mind so far as to
    despise all other learning.


I. Watts

2. To obstruct or injure by prejudices, or by previous bias of the
mind; hence, generally, to hurt; to damage; to injure; to impair; as,
to prejudice a good cause.

    Seek how may prejudice the foe.


Shak

Prej`u*di"cial (?), a. [L. praejudicialis belonging to a preceding
judgment: cf. F. prÈjudiciel.]

1. Biased, possessed, or blinded by prejudices; as, to look with a
prejudicial eye. [Obs.] Holyday.

2. Tending to obstruct or impair; hurtful; injurious; disadvantageous;
detrimental. Hooker.

    His going away . . . was most prejudicial and most ruinous to the
    king's affairs.


Clarendon.

-- Prej`u*di"cial*ly, adv. -- Prej`u*di"cial*ness, n.

Pre*knowl"edge (?), n. Prior knowledge.

Prel"a*cy (?), n.; pl. Prelacies (#). [LL. praelatia. See Prelate; cf.
Prelaty.] 1. The office or dignity of a prelate; church government by
prelates.

    Prelacies may be termed the greater benefices.


Ayliffe.

2. The order of prelates, taken collectively; the body of
ecclesiastical dignitaries. "Divers of the reverend prelacy, and other
most judicious men." Hooker.

Pre"lal (?), a. [L. prelum a press.] Of or pertaining to printing;
typographical. [Obs.] Fuller.

Prel"ate (?; 48), n. [F. prÈlat, LL. praelatus, fr. L. praelatus, used
as p. p. of praeferre to prefer, but from a different root. See Elate.]
A clergyman of a superior order, as an archbishop or a bishop, having
authority over the lower clergy; a dignitary of the church.

This word and the words derived from it are often used invidiously, in
English ecclesiastical history, by dissenters, respecting the
Established Church system.

    Hear him but reason in divinity, . . . You would desire the king
    were made a prelate.


Shak.

Prel"ate (?), v. i. To act as a prelate. [Obs.]

    Right prelating is busy laboring, and not lording.


Latimer.

Prel`a*te"i*ty (?), n. Prelacy. [Obs.] Milton.

Prel"ate*ship, n. The office of a prelate. Harmar.

Prel"a*tess (?), n. A woman who is a prelate; the wife of a prelate.
Milton.

Pre*la"tial (?), a. Prelatical. Beaconsfield.

{ Pre*lat"ic (?), Pre*lat"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to prelates
or prelacy; as, prelatical authority. Macaulay.

Pre*lat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a prelatical manner; with reference to
prelates. Milton.

    The last Georgic was a good prelude to the ∆neis.


Pre*la"tion (?), n. [L. praelatio: cf. F. prÈlation. See Prelate, and
cf. Prefer.] The setting of one above another; preference. [R.] Jer.
Taylor.

Prel"a*tism (?), n. Prelacy; episcopacy.

Prel"a*tist (?), n. One who supports of advocates prelacy, or the
government of the church by prelates; hence, a high-churchman. Hume.

    I am an Episcopalian, but not a prelatist.


T. Scott.

Prel"a*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prelatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prelatizing (?).] To bring under the influence of prelacy. Palfrey.

Prel"a*tize, v. i. To uphold or encourage prelacy; to exercise
prelatical functions.

    An episcopacy that began then to prelatize.


Milton.

Prel"a*try (?), n. Prelaty; prelacy. [Obs.]

{ Prel"a*ture (?; 135), Prel"a*ture*ship }, n. [F. prÈlature, or LL.
praelatura.] The state or dignity of a prelate; prelacy. Milman.

Prel"a*ty (?), n. Prelacy. [Obs.] Milton.

Pre*lect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prelected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prelecting.] [L. praelectus, p. p. of praelegere to read before. See
Pre-, and Lection.] To read publicly, as a lecture or discourse.

Pre*lect", v. i. To discourse publicly; to lecture.

    Spitting . . . was publicly prelected upon.


De. Quincey.

    To prelect upon the military art.


Bp. Horsley.

Pre*lec"tion (?), n. [L. praelectio.] A lecture or discourse read in
public or to a select company. "The prelections of Faber." Sir M. Hale.

Pre*lec"tor (?), n. [L. praelector.] A reader of lectures or
discourses; a lecturer. Sheldon.

Pre`li*ba"tion (?), n. [L. praelibatio, fr. praelibare to taste
beforehand: cf. F. prelibation.] 1. A tasting beforehand, or by
anticipation; a foretaste; as, a prelibation of heavenly bliss.

2. A pouring out, or libation, before tasting.

Pre*lim"i*na*ri*ly (?), adv. In a preliminary manner.

Pre*lim"i*na*ry (?), a. [Pref. pre + L. liminaris belonging to a
threshold, fr. limen, liminis, threshold, entrance: cf. F.
prÈliminaire. Cf. Limit.] Introductory; previous; preceding the main
discourse or business; prefatory; as, preliminary observations to a
discourse or book; preliminary articles to a treaty; preliminary
measures; preliminary examinations.

Syn. -- Introductory; preparatory; prefatory; proemial; previous;
prior; precedent; antecedent.

Pre*lim"i*na*ry, n.; pl. Preliminaries (&?;). That which precedes the
main discourse, work, design, or business; something introductory or
preparatory; as, the preliminaries to a negotiation or duel; to take
one's preliminaries the year before entering college.

Syn. -- Introduction; preface; prelude.

Pre*lim"it (?), v. t. To limit previously. [R.]

Pre*look", v. i. To look forward. [Obs.] Surrey.

Pre"lude (?), n. [F. prÈlude (cf. It. preludio, LL. praeludium), fr. L.
prae before + ludus play. See Prelude, v. t.] An introductory
performance, preceding and preparing for the principal matter; a
preliminary part, movement, strain, etc.; especially (Mus.), a strain
introducing the theme or chief subject; a movement introductory to a
fugue, yet independent; -- with recent composers often synonymous with
overture.

    The last Georgic was a good prelude to the ∆nis


Addison.

    The cause is more than the prelude, the effect is more than the
    sequel, of the fact.


Whewell.

Syn. -- Preface; introduction; preliminary; preamble; forerunner;
harbinger; precursor.

Pre*lude" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Preluded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preluding.] [L. praeludere, praelusum; prae before + ludere to play:
cf. F. prÈluder. See Ludicrous.] To play an introduction or prelude; to
give a prefatory performance; to serve as prelude.

    The musicians preluded on their instruments.


Sir. W. Scott.

    We are preluding too largely, and must come at once to the point.


Jeffrey.

Pre*lude", v. t. 1. To introduce with a previous performance; to play
or perform a prelude to; as, to prelude a concert with a lively air.

2. To serve as prelude to; to precede as introductory.

    [Music] preluding some great tragedy.


Longfellow

Pre*lud"er (?), n. One who, or that which, preludes; one who plays a
prelude. Mason.

Pre*lud"i*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a prelude; of the nature of a
prelude; introductory. [R.]

Pre*lud"i*ous (?), a. Preludial. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Pre*lum"bar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated immediately in front of the loins;
-- applied to the dorsal part of the abdomen.

Pre*lu"sive (?), a. [See Prelude.] Of the nature of a prelude;
introductory; indicating that something of a like kind is to follow.
"Prelusive drops." Thomson. --Pre*lu"sive*ly, adv.

Pre*lu"so*ri*ly (?), adv. In a prelusory way.

Pre*lu"so*ry (?), a. Introductory; prelusive. Bacon.

<! p. 1130 !>

Pre`ma*ture" (?), a. [L. praematurus; prae before + maturus ripe. See
Mature.] 1. Mature or ripe before the proper time; as, the premature
fruits of a hotbed.

2. Happening, arriving, existing, or performed before the proper or
usual time; adopted too soon; too early; untimely; as, a premature fall
of snow; a premature birth; a premature opinion; premature decay.

3. Arriving or received without due authentication or evidence; as, a
premature report.

-- Pre`ma*ture"ly, adv. -- Pre`ma*ture"ness, n.

Pre`ma*tu"ri*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈmaturitÈ.] The quality or state of
being premature; early, or untimely, ripeness; as, the prematurity of
genius.

||Pre"max*il"la (?), n.; pl. PremaxillÊ (#). [NL. See Pre-, and
||Maxilla.] (Anat.) A bone on either side of the middle line between
||the nose and mouth, forming the anterior part of each half of the
||upper jawbone; the intermaxilla. In man the premaxillÊ become united
||and form the incisor part of the maxillary bone.

Pre*max"il*la*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the maxillary
bones; pertaining to the premaxillÊ; intermaxillary. -- n. A
premaxilla.

Pre*me"di*ate (?), v. t. To advocate. [R.]

Pre*med"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Premeditated (-t`t?d); p. pr. &
vb. n. Premeditating.] [L. praemeditatus, p. p. of praemeditari; prae
before + meditari to meditate. See Meditate.] To think on, and revolve
in the mind, beforehand; to contrive and design previously; as, to
premeditate robbery.

    With words premeditated thus he said.


Dryden.

Pre*med"i*tate, v. i. To think, consider, deliberate, or revolve in the
mind, beforehand.

Pre*med"i*tate (?), a. [L. praemeditatus, p. p.] Premeditated;
deliberate. [Archaic] Bp. Burnet.

Pre*med"i*tate*ly, adv. With premeditation. Burke.

Pre*med`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. praemeditatio: cf. F. prÈmÈditation.] The
act of meditating or contriving beforehand; previous deliberation;
forethought.

Pre*mer"it (?), v. t. To merit or deserve beforehand. [Obs.] Eikon
Basi&?;&?;ke.

{ Pre"mi*al (?), Pre"mi*ant (?), } a. [L. praemialis. See Premium.]
Serving to reward; rewarding. [R.] Baxter.

Prem"i*ces (?), n. pl. [F. prÈmices, L. primitiae. See Primitia.] First
fruits. [Obs.] Dryden.

Pre"mi*er (?), a. [F. premier, fr. L. primarius of the first rank,
principal, fr. primus the first. See Primary, Prime, a.] 1. First;
chief; principal; as, the premier place; premier minister. Camden.
Swift.

2. Most ancient; -- said of the peer bearing the oldest title of his
degree.

Pre"mi*er (?), n. The first minister of state; the prime minister.

Pre"mi*er*ship, n. The office of the premier.

Pre`mil*len"ni*al (?), a. Previous to the millennium.

Pre"mi*ous (?), a. [L. praemiosus, fr. praemium a premium.] Rich in
gifts. [R.] Clarke.

Prem"ise (?), n.; pl. Premises (&?;). [Written also, less properly,
premiss.] [F. prÈmisse, fr. L. praemissus, p. p. of praemittere to send
before; prae before + mittere to send. See Mission.] 1. A proposition
antecedently supposed or proved; something previously stated or assumed
as the basis of further argument; a condition; a supposition.

    The premises observed, Thy will by my performance shall be served.


Shak.

2. (Logic) Either of the first two propositions of a syllogism, from
which the conclusion is drawn.

"All sinners deserve punishment: A B is a sinner."

These propositions, which are the premises, being true or admitted, the
conclusion follows, that A B deserves punishment.

    While the premises stand firm, it is impossible to shake the
    conclusion.


Dr. H. More.

3. pl. (Law) Matters previously stated or set forth; esp., that part in
the beginning of a deed, the office of which is to express the grantor
and grantee, and the land or thing granted or conveyed, and all that
precedes the habendum; the thing demised or granted.

4. pl. A piece of real estate; a building and its adjuncts; as, to
lease premises; to trespass on another's premises.

Pre*mise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Premised (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Premising.] [From L. praemissus, p. p., or E. premise, n. See Premise,
n.] 1. To send before the time, or beforehand; hence, to cause to be
before something else; to employ previously. [Obs.]

    The premised flames of the last day.


Shak.

    If venesection and a cathartic be premised.


E. Darwin.

2. To set forth beforehand, or as introductory to the main subject; to
offer previously, as something to explain or aid in understanding what
follows; especially, to lay down premises or first propositions, on
which rest the subsequent reasonings.

    I premise these particulars that the reader may know that I enter
    upon it as a very ungrateful task.


Addison.

Pre*mise" (?), v. i. To make a premise; to set forth something as a
premise. Swift.

Prem"iss (?), n. Premise. Whately. I. Watts

Pre*mit" (?), v. t. To premise. [Obs.] Donne.

Pre"mi*um (?), n.; pl. Premiums (#). [L. praemium, originally, what one
has got before or better than others; prae before + emere to take, buy.
See Redeem.] 1. A reward or recompense; a prize to be won by being
before another, or others, in a competition; reward or prize to be
adjudged; a bounty; as, a premium for good behavior or scholarship, for
discoveries, etc.

    To think it not the necessity, but the premium and privilege of
    life, to eat and sleep without any regard to glory.


Burke.

    The law that obliges parishes to support the poor offers a premium
    for the encouragement of idleness.


Franklin.

2. Something offered or given for the loan of money; bonus; --
sometimes synonymous with interest, but generally signifying a sum in
addition to the capital.

    People were tempted to lend, by great premiums and large interest.


Swift.

3. A sum of money paid to underwriters for insurance, or for
undertaking to indemnify for losses of any kind.

4. A sum in advance of, or in addition to, the nominal or par value of
anything; as, gold was at a premium; he sold his stock at a premium.

Pre*mo"lar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the molar teeth. -- n.
An anterior molar tooth which has replaced a deciduous molar. See
Tooth.

Pre*mon"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Premonished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Premonishing.] [Pref. pre- + monish: cf. L. praemonere.] To forewarn;
to admonish beforehand. [R.] Herrick.

    To teach, and to premonish.


Bk. of Com. Prayer.

Pre*mon"ish*ment (?), n. Previous warning or admonition; forewarning.
Sir H. Wotton.

Pre`mo*ni"tion (?), n. [L. praemonitio. See Premonish.] Previous
warning, notice, or information; forewarning; as, a premonition of
danger.

Pre*mon"i*tor (?), n. [L. praemonitor.] One who, or that which, gives
premonition.

Pre*mon"i*to*ry (?), a. [L. praemonitorius.] Giving previous warning or
notice; as, premonitory symptoms of disease. -- Pre*mon"i*to*ri*ly (#),
adv.

Pre*mon"strant (?), n. A Premonstratensian.

Pre*mon"strate (?), v. t. [L. praemonstratus, p. p. of praemonstrare;
prae before + monstrate to show.] To show beforehand; to foreshow. [R.]
Herbert.

Pre*mon`stra*ten"sian (?), n. [F. prÈmontrÈ, fr. PrÈmontrÈ, fr. L.
pratum monstratum.] (R. C. Ch.) One of a religious order of regular
canons founded by St. Norbert at PrÈmontrÈ, in France, in 1119. The
members of the order are called also White Canons, Norbertines, and
Premonstrants.

Pre`mon*stra"tion (?), n. [L. praemonstratio.] A showing beforehand;
foreshowing.

Pre*mon"stra*tor (?), n. [L. praemonstrator.] One who, or that which,
premonstrates. [R.]

Pre*morse" (?), a. [L. praemorsus, p. p. of praemordere to bite off;
prae before + mordere to bite.] Terminated abruptly, or as it bitten
off.

Premorse root or leaves (Bot.), such as have an abrupt, ragged, and
irregular termination, as if bitten off short.

Pre`mo*sa"ic (?), a. Relating to the time before Moses; as, premosaic
history.

Pre*mo"tion (?), n. [Pref. pre- + motion.] Previous motion or
excitement to action.

Prem`u*ni"re (?), n. (Law) See PrÊmunire.

Prem`u*nite" (?), v. t. [L. praemunitus, p. p. of praemunire to fortify
in front; prae before + munire to fortify.] To fortify beforehand; to
guard against objection. [Obs.] Fotherby.

Pre`mu*ni"tion (?), n. [L. praemunitio: cf. F. prÈmunition.] The act of
fortifying or guarding against objections. [Obs.]

Pre*mu"ni*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to a premunire; as, a
premunitory process.

Pre*na"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the nose, or in front
of the nasal chambers.

Pre*na"tal (?), a. Being or happening before birth.

Pren"der (?), n. [F. prendre to take, fr. L. prehendere to take.] (Law)
The power or right of taking a thing before it is offered. Burrill.

Pre*no"men (?), n. See PrÊnomen.

Pre*nom"i*nal (?), a. Serving as a prefix in a compound name. Sir T.
Browne.

Pre*nom"i*nate (?), a. [L. praenominatus, p. p. of praenominare to give
the prenomen to, to prenominate, fr. praenomen prenomen.] Forenamed;
named beforehand. [R.] "Prenominate crimes." Shak.

Pre*nom"i*nate (?), v. t. To forename; to name beforehand; to tell by
name beforehand. Shak.

Pre*nom`i*na*tion (?), n. The act of prenominating; privilege of being
named first. Sir T. Browne.

Pre*nos"tic (?), n. [L. praenoscere to foreknow; prae before + noscere,
notum, to know.] A prognostic; an omen. [Obs.] Gower.

Pre*note" (?), v. t. [L. praenotare; prae before + notare to note.] To
note or designate beforehand. Foxe.

Pre*no"tion (?), n. [L. praenotio: cf. F. prÈnotion. See Prenostic.] A
notice or notion which precedes something else in time; previous notion
or thought; foreknowledge. Bacon.

Pren*sa"tion (?), n. [L. prensatio, from prensare, prehensare, v. freq.
from prehendere to seize.] The act of seizing with violence. [Obs.]
Barrow .

Pren"tice (?), n. [Aphetic form of apprentice.] An apprentice. [Obs. or
Colloq.] Piers Plowman. "My accuser is my prentice." Shak.

Pren"tice*hood (&?;), n. Apprenticehood. [Obs.]

    This jolly prentice with his master bode Till he was out nigh of
    his prenticehood.


Chaucer.

Pren"tice*ship, n. Apprenticeship. [Obs. or Colloq.]

    He served a prenticeship who sets up shop.


Pope.

Pre*nun`ci*a"tion (?), n. [L. praenunciatio, fr. praenunciare to
announce beforehand. See Pre-, and Announce.] The act of announcing or
proclaiming beforehand. [Obs.]

Pre*nun"cious (?), a. [L. praenuncius.] Announcing beforehand;
presaging. [Obs.] Blount.

||Pre*ob`lon*ga"ta (?), n. [NL. See Pre-, and Oblongata.] (Anat.) The
||anterior part of the medulla oblongata. B. G. Wilder.

Pre`ob*tain" (?), v. t. To obtain beforehand.

Pre*oc"cu*pan*cy (?), n. [See Preoccupate.] The act or right of taking
possession before another; as, the preoccupancy of wild land.

Pre*oc"cu*pate (?), v. t. [L. praeoccupatus, p. p. of praeoccupare to
preoccupy. See Preoccupy.]

1. To anticipate; to take before. [Obs.] "Fear preoccupateth it
[death]." Bacon.

2. To prepossess; to prejudice. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

Pre*oc`cu*pa"tion (?), n. [L. praeoccupatio: cf. F. prÈoccupation.] 1.
The act of preoccupying, or taking possession of beforehand; the state
of being preoccupied; prepossession.

2. Anticipation of objections. [R.] South.

Pre*oc"cu*py (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preoccupied (-pd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Preoccupying (?).] [Cf. F. prÈoccuper. See Preoccupate, Occupy.] 1.
To take possession of before another; as, to preoccupy a country not
before held.

2. To prepossess; to engage, occupy, or engross the attention of,
beforehand; hence, to prejudice.

    I Think it more respectful to the reader to leave something to
    reflections than to preoccupy his judgment.


Arbuthnot.

Pre*oc"u*lar (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Placed just in front of the eyes, as the
antennÊ of certain insects. -- n. One of the scales just in front of
the eye of a reptile or fish.

Pre*om"i*nate (?), v. t. To ominate beforehand; to portend. [Obs.] Sir
T. Browne.

Pre`o*per"cu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the operculum;
pertaining to the preoperculum. -- n. The preoperculum.

||Pre`o*per"cu*lum (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) The anterior opercular bone in
||fishes.

Pre`o*pin"ion (?), n. Opinion previously formed; prepossession;
prejudice. Sir T. Browne.

Pre*op"tion (?), n. Right of first choice.

Pre*o"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of, or anterior to, the
mouth; as, preoral bands.

Pre*or"bit*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front or the orbit.

Pre`or*dain" (?), v. t. [Pref. pre + ordain: cf. L. praeordinare.] To
ordain or appoint beforehand: to predetermine: to foreordain. Milton.

Pre*or"der (?), v. t. To order to arrange beforehand; to foreordain.
Sir W. Hamilton.

Pre*or"di*nance (?), n. Antecedent decree or determination. Shak.

Pre*or"di*nate (?), a. [L. praeordinatus, p. p. See Preordain.]
Preordained. [R.] Sir T. Elyot.

Pre*or`di*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈordination.] The act of
foreordaining: previous determination. "The preordination of God."
Bale.

Pre*par"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being prepared. "Medicine preparable
by art." Boyle.

Prep`a*ra"tion (?), n. [F. prÈparation, L. praeparatio. See Prepare.]

1. The act of preparing or fitting beforehand for a particular purpose,
use, service, or condition; previous arrangement or adaptation; a
making ready; as, the preparation of land for a crop of wheat; the
preparation of troops for a campaign.

2. The state of being prepared or made ready; preparedness; readiness;
fitness; as, a nation in good preparation for war.

3. That which makes ready, prepares the way, or introduces; a
preparatory act or measure.

    I will show what preparations there were in nature for this
    dissolution.


T. Burnet.

4. That which is prepared, made, or compounded by a certain process or
for a particular purpose; a combination. Specifically: (a) Any
medicinal substance fitted for use. (b) Anything treated for
preservation or examination as a specimen. (c) Something prepared for
use in cookery.

    I wish the chemists had been more sparing who magnify their
    preparations.


Sir T. Browne.

    In the preparations of cookery, the most volatile parts of
    vegetables are destroyed.


Arbuthnot.

5. An army or fleet. [Obs.] Shak.

6. (Mus.) The holding over of a note from one chord into the next
chord, where it forms a temporary discord, until resolved in the chord
that follows; the anticipation of a discordant note in the preceding
concord, so that the ear is prepared for the shock. See Suspension.

7. Accomplishment; qualification. [Obs.] Shak.

Pre*par"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈparatif.] Tending to prepare or make
ready; having the power of preparing, qualifying, or fitting;
preparatory.

    Laborious quest of knowledge preparative to this work.


South.

Pre*par"a*tive, n.

1. That which has the power of preparing, or previously fitting for a
purpose; that which prepares. "A preparative unto sermons." Hooker.

2. That which is done in the way of preparation. "Necessary
preparatives for our voyage." Dryden.

Pre*par"a*tive*ly, adv. By way of preparation.

Pre*par"a*tor (?), n. [L. praeparator.] One who prepares beforehand, as
subjects for dissection, specimens for preservation in collections,
etc. Agassiz.

Pre*par"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. praeparatorius: cf. F. prÈparatoire.]
Preparing the way for anything by previous measures of adaptation;
antecedent and adapted to what follows; introductory; preparative; as,
a preparatory school; a preparatory condition.

Pre*pare" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prepare&?; (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Preparing.] [F. prÈparer, L. praeparare; prae before + parare to make
ready. See Pare.]

1. To fit, adapt, or qualify for a particular purpose or condition; to
make ready; to put into a state for use or application; as, to prepare
ground for seed; to prepare a lesson.

    Our souls, not yet prepared for upper light.


Dryden.

2. To procure as suitable or necessary; to get ready; to provide; as,
to prepare ammunition and provisions for troops; to prepare ships for
defence; to prepare an entertainment. Milton.

    That they may prepare a city for habitation.


Ps. cvii. 36

Syn. -- To fit; adjust; adapt; qualify; equip; provide; form; make;
make; ready.

<! p. 1131 !>

Pre*pare" (&?;), v. i. 1. To make all things ready; to put things in
order; as, to prepare for a hostile invasion. "Bid them prepare for
dinner." Shak.

2. To make one's self ready; to get ready; to take the necessary
previous measures; as, to prepare for death.

Pre*pare", n. Preparation. [Obs.] Shak.

Pre*pared" (?), a. Made fit or suitable; adapted; ready; as, prepared
food; prepared questions. -- Pre*par"ed*ly (#), adv. Shak. --
Pre*par"ed*ness, n.

Pre*par"er (?), n. One who, or that which, prepares, fits, or makes
ready. Wood.

Pre*pay" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prepaid (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prepaying.] To pay in advance, or beforehand; as, to prepay postage.

Pre*pay"ment (?), n. Payment in advance.

Pre*pe"ni*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of, or anterior to, the
penis.

Pre*pense" (?), v. t. [Pref. pre + F. penser to think. See Pansy.] To
weigh or consider beforehand; to premeditate. [Obs.] Spenser. Sir T.
Elyot.

Pre*pense", v. i. To deliberate beforehand. [Obs.]

Pre*pense", a. [See Pansy, and cf. Prepense, v. t.] Devised, contrived,
or planned beforehand; preconceived; premeditated; aforethought; --
usually placed after the word it qualifies; as, malice prepense.

    This has not arisen from any misrepresentation or error prepense.


Southey.

Pre*pense"ly, adv. In a premeditated manner.

{ Pre*pol"lence (?), Pre*pol"len*cy (?), } n. [L. praepollentia.] The
quality or state of being prepollent; superiority of power;
predominance; prevalence. [R.] Coventry.

Pre*pol"lent (?), a. [L. praepollens, p. p. of praepollere to surpass
in power; prae before + pollere to be powerful.] Having superior
influence or power; prevailing; predominant. [R.] Boyle.

||Pre*pol"lent (?), n.; pl. Prepollices (#). [NL. See Pre-, Pollex.]
||(Anat.) An extra first digit, or rudiment of a digit, on the preaxial
||side of the pollex.

Pre*pon"der (?) v. t. To preponderate. [Obs.]

{ Pre*pon"der*ance (?), Pre*pon"der*an*cy (?), } n. [Cf. F.
prÈpondÈrance.] 1. The quality or state of being preponderant;
superiority or excess of weight, influence, or power, etc.; an
outweighing.

    The mind should . . . reject or receive proportionably to the
    preponderancy of the greater grounds of probability.


Locke.

    In a few weeks he had changed the relative position of all the
    states in Europe, and had restored the equilibrium which the
    preponderance of one power had destroyed.


Macaulay.

2. (Gun.) The excess of weight of that part of a canon behind the
trunnions over that in front of them.

Pre*pon"der*ant (?), a. [L. praeponderans, -antis: cf. F. prÈpondÈrant.
See Preponderate.] Preponderating; outweighing; overbalancing; -- used
literally and figuratively; as, a preponderant weight; of preponderant
importance. -- Pre*pon"der*ant*ly, adv.

Pre*pon"der*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preponderated (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Preponderating.] [L. praeponderatus, p. p. of praeponderare;
prae before + ponderare to weigh, fr., pondus, ponderis, a weight. See
Ponder.] 1. To outweigh; to overpower by weight; to exceed in weight;
to overbalance.

    An inconsiderable weight, by distance from the center of the
    balance, will preponderate greater magnitudes.


Glanvill.

2. To overpower by stronger or moral power.

3. To cause to prefer; to incline; to decide. [Obs.]

    The desire to spare Christian blood preponderates him for peace.


Fuller.

Pre*pon"der*ate, v. i. To exceed in weight; hence, to incline or
descend, as the scale of a balance; figuratively, to exceed in
influence, power, etc.; hence; to incline to one side; as, the
affirmative side preponderated.

    That is no just balance in which the heaviest side will not
    preponderate.


Bp. Wilkins.

Pre*pon"der*a`ting*ly (?), adv. In a preponderating manner;
preponderantly.

Pre*pon`der*a"tion (?), n. [L. praeponderatio.] The act or state of
preponderating; preponderance; as, a preponderation of reasons. I.
Watts.

Pre*pose" (?), v. t. [F. prÈposer; pref. prÈ- (L. prae before) + poser.
See Pose.] To place or set before; to prefix. [Obs.] Fuller.

Prep`o*si"tion (?), n. [L. praepositio, fr. praeponere to place before;
prae before + ponere to put, place: cf. F. prÈposition. See Position,
and cf. Provost.]

1. (Gram.) A word employed to connect a noun or a pronoun, in an
adjectival or adverbial sense, with some other word; a particle used
with a noun or pronoun (in English always in the objective case) to
make a phrase limiting some other word; -- so called because usually
placed before the word with which it is phrased; as, a bridge of iron;
he comes from town; it is good for food; he escaped by running.

2. A proposition; an exposition; a discourse. [Obs.]

    He made a long preposition and oration.


Fabyan.

Prep`o*si"tion*al (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈpositionnel.] Of or pertaining to
a preposition; of the nature of a preposition. Early. --
Prep`o*si"tion*al*ly, adv.

Pre*pos"i*tive (?), a. [L. praepositivus: cf. F. prÈpositif.] (Gram.)
Put before; prefixed; as, a prepositive particle. -- n. A prepositive
word. Tooke.

||Pre*pos"i*tor (?), n. [NL.] A scholar appointed to inspect other
||scholars; a monitor. Todd.

Pre*pos"i*ture (?), n. [L. praepositura. See Preposition, and cf.
Provost.] The office or dignity of a provost; a provostship. Lowth.

Pre`pos*sess" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prepossessed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Prepossessing.]

1. To preoccupy, as ground or land; to take previous possession of.
Dryden.

2. To preoccupy, as the mind or heart, so as to preclude other things;
hence, to bias or prejudice; to give a previous inclination to, for or
against anything; esp., to induce a favorable opinion beforehand, or at
the outset.

    It created him enemies, and prepossessed the lord general.


Evelyn.

Pre`pos*sess"ing (?), a. Tending to invite favor; attracting
confidence, favor, esteem, or love; attractive; as, a prepossessing
manner. -- Pre`pos*sess"ing*ly, adv.

Pre`pos*ses"sion (?), n.

1. Preoccupation; prior possession. Hammond.

2. Preoccupation of the mind by an opinion, or impression, already
formed; preconceived opinion; previous impression; bias; -- generally,
but not always, used in a favorable sense; as, the prepossessions of
childhood. "The prejudices and prepossessions of the country." Sir W.
Scott.

Syn. -- Bent; bias; inclination; preoccupancy; prejudgment. See Bent.

Pre`*pos*sess"or (?), n. One who possesses, or occupies, previously. R.
Brady.

Pre*pos"ter*ous (?), a.[L. praeposterus; prae before + posterus coming
after, latter. See Posterior.]

1. Having that first which ought to be last; inverted in order. [Obs.]

    The method I take may be censured as preposterous, because I thus
    treat last of the antediluvian earth, which was first in the order
    of nature.


Woodward.

2. Contrary to nature or reason; not adapted to the end; utterly and
glaringly foolish; unreasonably absurd; perverted. "Most preposterous
conclusions." Shak.

    Preposterous ass, that never read so far!


Shak.

Syn. -- Absurd; perverted; wrong; irrational; foolish; monstrous. See
Absurd.

-- Pre*pos"ter*ous*ly, adv. - Pre*pos"ter*ous*ness, n.

Pre*pos"tor (?), n. See Prepositor.

Pre*po"ten*cy (?), n. [L. praepotentia: cf. F. prÈpotence.]

1. The quality or condition of being prepotent; predominance. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.

2. (Biol.) The capacity, on the part of one of the parents, as compared
with the other, to transmit more than his or her own share of
characteristics to their offspring.

Pre*po"tent (?), a. [L. praepotens. See Pre-, and Potent.]

1. Very powerful; superior in force, influence, or authority;
predominant. Plaifere.

2. (Biol.) Characterized by prepotency. Darwin.

Pre`pro*vide" (?), v. t. To provide beforehand. "The materials
preprovided." Fuller.

Pre*pu"bic (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of, or anterior to, the
pubis; pertaining to the prepubis.

||Pre*pu"bis (?), n. [NL. See Pre- , and Pubis.] (Anat.)A bone or
||cartilage, of some animals, situated in the middle line in front of
||the pubic bones.

Pre"puce (?), n. [F. prÈpuce, L. praeputium.] (Anat.) The foreskin.

Pre*pu"tial (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prepuce.

{ Pre*raph"a*el*ism (?), Pre*raph"a*el*i`tism (?), } n. (Fine Arts) The
doctrine or practice of a school of modern painters who profess to be
followers of the painters before Raphael. Its adherents advocate
careful study from nature, delicacy and minuteness of workmanship, and
an exalted and delicate conception of the subject.

Pre*raph"a*el*ite (?), a. Of or pertaining to the style called
preraphaelitism; as, a preraphaelite figure; a preraphaelite landscape.
Ruskin.

Pre*raph"a*el*ite, n. One who favors or practices art as it was before
Raphael; one who favors or advocates preraphaelitism.

Pre*reg"nant (?), n. One who reigns before another; a sovereign
predecessor. [R.] Warner.

Pre`re*mote (?), a. More remote in previous time or prior order.

    In some cases two more links of causation may be introduced; one of
    them may be termed the preremote cause, the other the postremote
    effect.


E. Darwin.

Pre`re*quire" (?), v. t. To require beforehand.

    Some things are prerequired of us.


Bp. Hall.

Pre*req"ui*site (?), a. Previously required; necessary as a preliminary
to any proposed effect or end; as, prerequisite conditions of success.

Pre*req"ui*site, n. Something previously required, or necessary to an
end or effect proposed.

    The necessary prerequisites of freedom.


Goldsmith.

Pre`re*solve" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Preresolved (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Preresolving.] To resolve beforehand; to predetermine. Sir E.
Dering.

Pre*rog"a*tive (?), n. [F. prÈrogative, from L. praerogativa precedence
in voting, preference, privilege, fr. praerogativus that is asked
before others for his opinion, that votes before or first, fr.
praerogare to ask before another; prae before + rogare to ask. See
Rogation.]

1. An exclusive or peculiar privilege; prior and indefeasible right;
fundamental and essential possession; -- used generally of an official
and hereditary right which may be asserted without question, and for
the exercise of which there is no responsibility or accountability as
to the fact and the manner of its exercise.

    The two faculties that are the prerogative of man -- the powers of
    abstraction and imagination.


I. Taylor.

    An unconstitutional exercise of his prerogative.


Macaulay.

2. Precedence; preÎminence; first rank. [Obs.]

    Then give me leave to have prerogative.


Shak.

The term came into general use in the conflicts between the Crown and
Parliaments of Great Britain, especially in the time of the Stuarts.

Prerogative Court (Eng. Law), a court which formerly had authority in
the matter of wills and administrations, where the deceased left bona
notabilia, or effects of the value of five pounds, in two or more
different dioceses. Blackstone. -- Prerogative office, the office in
which wills proved in the Prerogative Court were registered.

Syn. -- Privilege; right. See Privilege.

Pre*rog"a*tived (?), a. Endowed with a prerogative, or exclusive
privilege. [R.] Shak.

Pre*rog"a*tive*ly (?), adv. By prerogative.

Pre"sage (?), n. [F. prÈsage, L. praesagium, from praesagire. See
Presage, v. t. ]

1. Something which foreshows or portends a future event; a prognostic;
an omen; an augury. "Joy and shout - - presage of victory." Milton.

2. Power to look the future, or the exercise of that power;
foreknowledge; presentiment.

    If there be aught of presage in the mind.


Milton.

Syn. -- Prognostic; omen; token; sign; presentiment.

Pre*sage" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presaged (-sjd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Presaging. ] [F. prÈsager, L. praesagire: prae before + sagire to
perceive acutely or sharply. See Sagacious.]

1. To have a presentiment of; to feel beforehand; to foreknow.

2. To foretell; to predict; to foreshow; to indicate.

    My dreams presage some joyful news at hand.


Shak.

Pre*sage", v. i. To form or utter a prediction; -- sometimes used with
of. Dryden.

Pre*sage"ful (?), a. Full of presages; ominous.

    Dark in the glass of some presageful mood.


Tennyson.

Pre*sage"ment (?), n.

1. The act or art of presaging; a foreboding. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

2. That which is presaged, or foretold. [R.] "Ominous presagement
before his end. " Sir H. Wotton.

Pre*sa"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, presages; a foreteller; a
foreboder. Shak.

Pre*sa"gious (?), a. Foreboding; ominous. [Obs.]

Pres"by*ope (?), n. (Med.) One who has presbyopia; a farsighted person.

||Pres`by*o"pi*a (?) [NL., from Gr. &?; old, n., an old man + &?;, &?;,
||the eye.] (Med.) A defect of vision consequent upon advancing age. It
||is due to rigidity of the crystalline lens, which produces difficulty
||of accommodation and recession of the near point of vision, so that
||objects very near the eyes can not be seen distinctly without the use
||of convex glasses. Called also presbytia.

Pres`by*op"ic (?), a. Affected by presbyopia; also, remedying
presbyopia; farsighted.

Pres"by*o`py (?), n. [Cf. F. presbyopie.] See Presbyopia.

Pres"byte (?), n. [Gr. &?; an old man.] Same as Presbyope.

Pres"by*ter (?), n. [L. an elder, fr. Gr. &?;. See Priest.]

1. An elder in the early Christian church. See 2d Citation under
Bishop, n., 1.

2. (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.) One ordained to the second order in
the ministry; -- called also priest.

    I rather term the one sort presbyter than priest.


Hooker.

    New presbyter is but old priest writ large.


Milton.

3. (Presbyterian Ch.) A member of a presbytery whether lay or clerical.

4. A Presbyterian. [Obs.] Hudibras.

Pres*byt"er*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a presbyter or presbytery;
presbyterial.

Pres*byt"er*ate (?), n. [L. presbyteratus: cf. F. presbytÈrat.] A
presbytery; also, presbytership. Heber.

Pres"by*ter*ess, n. A female presbyter. Bale.

Pres`by*te"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. presbytÈral.] Presbyterian.
"Presbyterial government." Milton.

Pres`by*te"ri*an (?), a. [Cf. F. presbytÈrien.] Of or pertaining to a
presbyter, or to ecclesiastical government by presbyters; relating to
those who uphold church government by presbyters; also, to the
doctrine, discipline, and worship of a communion so governed.

Pres`by*te"ri*an, n. [Cf. F. presbytÈrien.] One who maintains the
validity of ordination and government by presbyters; a member of the
Presbyterian church.

Reformed Presbyterians. See Cameronian.

Pres`by*te"ri*an*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. presbytÈrianisme.] That form of
church government which invests presbyters with all spiritual power,
and admits no prelates over them; also, the faith and polity of the
Presbyterian churches, taken collectively.

||Pres`by*te"ri*um (?), n. [L.] (Arch.) Same as Presbytery, 4.

Pres"by*ter*ship (?), n. The office or station of a presbyter;
presbyterate.

Pres"by*ter*y (?), n.; pl. Presbyteries (#). [L. presbyterium, Gr. &?;.
See Presbyter, and cf. Presbyterium.]

1. A body of elders in the early Christian church.

2. (Presbyterian Ch.) A judicatory consisting of all the ministers
within a certain district, and one layman, who is a ruling elder, from
each parish or church, commissioned to represent the church in
conjunction with the pastor. This body has a general jurisdiction over
the churches under its care, and next below the provincial synod in
authority.

3. The Presbyterian religion of polity. [R.] Tatler.

4. (a) (Arch.) That part of the church reserved for the officiating
priest. (b) The residence of a priest or clergyman. Gwilt.

||Pres*byt"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Presbyte.] (Med.) Presbyopia.

Pres*byt"ic (?), a. (Med.) Same as Presbyopic.

Pres"byt*ism (?), n. Presbyopia.

||Pre*scap"u*la (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) The part of the scapula in front
||of, or above, the spine, or mesoscapula.

Pre*scap"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prescapula;
supraspinous.

Pre"sci*ence (pr"sh*ens or - shens; 277), n. [F. prescience, L.
praescientia. See Prescient.] Knowledge of events before they take
place; foresight.

    God's certain prescience of the volitions of moral agents.


J. Edwards.

<! p. 1132 !>

Pre"sci*ent (pr"sh*ent or - shent), a. [L. praesciens, - entis, p. pr.
of praescire to foreknow; prae before + scire to know: cf. F.
prescient. See Science.] Having knowledge of coming events; foreseeing;
conscious beforehand. Pope.

    Henry . . . had shown himself sensible, and almost prescient, of
    this event.


Bacon.

Pre"sci*ent*ly, adv. With prescience or foresight.

Pre*scind" (pr*snd"), v. t. [L. praescindere to cut off in front; prae
before + scindere to cut asunder: cf. F. prescinder.]

1. To cut off; to abstract. [Obs.] Norris.

2. (Metaph.) To consider by a separate act of attention or analysis.
Sir W. Hamilton.

Pre*scind"ent (?), a. [L. praescius; prae before + scius knowing, fr.
scire to know.] Cutting off; abstracting. [R.] Cheyne.

Pre"scious (pr"shs), a. [L. praescius; prae before + scius knowing, fr.
scire to know.] Foreknowing; having foreknowledge; as, prescious of
ills. [R.] Dryden.

Pre*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prescribed (?); p. pr & vb. n.
Prescribing.] [L. praescribere, praescriptum; prae before + scriebe to
write. See Scribe.]

1. To lay down authoritatively as a guide, direction, or rule of
action; to impose as a peremptory order; to dictate; to appoint; to
direct.

    Prescribe not us our duties.


Shak.

    Let streams prescribe their fountains where to run.


Dryden.

2. (Med.) To direct, as a remedy to be used by a patient; as, the
doctor prescribed quinine.

Syn. -- To appoint; order; command; dictate; ordain; institute;
establish.

Pre*scribe", v. i. 1. To give directions; to dictate.

    A forwardness to prescribe to their opinions.


Locke.

2. To influence by long use [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

3. (Med.) To write or to give medical directions; to indicate remedies;
as, to prescribe for a patient in a fever.

4. (Law) To claim by prescription; to claim a title to a thing on the
ground of immemorial use and enjoyment, that is, by a custom having the
force of law.

Pre*scrib"er (?), n. One who prescribes.

Pre"script (?), a. [L. praescriptus, p. p. of praescribere: cf. F.
prescrit. See Prescribe.] Directed; prescribed. " A prescript from of
words." Jer. Taylor.

Pre"script, n. [L. praescriptum: cf. OF. prescript.]

1. Direction; precept; model prescribed. Milton.

2. A medical prescription. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.

Pre*scrip`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being
prescriptible. Story.

Pre*scrip"ti*ble (pr*skrp"t*b'l), a. [Cf. F. prescriptible.] Depending
on, or derived from, prescription; proper to be prescribed. Grafton.

Pre*scrip"tion (-shn), n. [F. prescription, L. praescriptio, an
inscription, preface, precept, demurrer, prescription (in sense 3), fr.
praescribere. See Prescribe.]

1. The act of prescribing, directing, or dictating; direction; precept;
also, that which is prescribed.

2. (Med.) A direction of a remedy or of remedies for a disease, and the
manner of using them; a medical recipe; also, a prescribed remedy.

3. (Law) A prescribing for title; the claim of title to a thing by
virtue of immemorial use and enjoyment; the right or title acquired by
possession had during the time and in the manner fixed by law. Bacon.

    That profound reverence for law and prescription which has long
    been characteristic of Englishmen.


Macaulay.

Prescription differs from custom, which is a local usage, while
prescription is personal, annexed to the person only. Prescription only
extends to incorporeal rights, such as aright of way, or of common.
What the law gives of common rights is not the subject of prescription.
Blackstone. Cruise. Kent. In Scotch law, prescription is employed in
the sense in which limitation is used in England and America, namely,
to express that operation of the lapse of time by which obligations are
extinguished or title protected. Sir T. Craig. Erskine.

Pre*scrip"tive (?), a. [L. praescriptivus of a demurrer or legal
exception.] (Law) Consisting in, or acquired by, immemorial or
long-continued use and enjoyment; as, a prescriptive right of title;
pleading the continuance and authority of long custom.

    The right to be drowsy in protracted toil has become prescriptive.


J. M. Mason.

Pre*scrip"tive*ly, adv. By prescription.

||Pre*scu"tum (?), n.; pl. Prescuta (&?;). [NL. See PrÊ-, and Scutum.]
||(Zoˆl.) The first of the four pieces composing the dorsal part, or
||tergum, of a thoracic segment of an insect. It is usually small and
||inconspicuous.

Pre"se*ance (?), n. [F. prÈsÈance. See Preside.] Priority of place in
sitting.[Obs.] Carew.

Pre`se*lect" (?), v. t. To select beforehand.

Pres"ence (?), n. [F. prÈsence, L. praesentia. See Present.] 1. The
state of being present, or of being within sight or call, or at hand;
-- opposed to absence.

2. The place in which one is present; the part of space within one's
ken, call, influence, etc.; neighborhood without the intervention of
anything that forbids intercourse.

    Wrath shell be no more Thenceforth, but in thy presence joy entire.


Milton.

3. Specifically, neighborhood to the person of one of superior of
exalted rank; also, presence chamber.

    In such a presence here to plead my thoughts.


Shak.

    An't please your grace, the two great cardinals. Wait in the
    presence.


Shak.

4. The whole of the personal qualities of an individual; person;
personality; especially, the person of a superior, as a sovereign.

    The Sovran Presence thus replied.


Milton.

5. An assembly, especially of person of rank or nobility; noble
company.

    Odmar, of all this presence does contain, Give her your wreath whom
    you esteem most fair.


Dryden.

6. Port, mien; air; personal appearence. "Rather dignity of presence
than beauty of aspect." Bacon.

    A graceful presence bespeaks acceptance.


Collier.

Presence chamber, or Presence room, the room in which a great personage
receives company. Addison. " Chambers of presence." Bacon. -- Presence
of mind, that state of the mind in which all its faculties are alert,
prompt, and acting harmoniously in obedience to the will, enabling one
to reach, as it were spontaneously or by intuition, just conclusions in
sudden emergencies.

Pre`sen*sa"tion (?), n. Previous sensation, notion, or idea. [Obs.] Dr.
H. More.

Pre*sen"sion (?), n. [L. praesensio, fr. praesentire to perceive
beforehand. See Presentient.] Previous perception. [Obs.] Sir T.
Browne.

Pres"ent (?), a. [F. prÈsent, L. praesens,-entis, that is before one,
in sight or at hand, p. p. of praeesse to be before; prae before + esse
to be. See Essence.]

1. Being at hand, within reach or call, within certain contemplated
limits; -- opposed to absent.

    These things have I spoken unto you, being yet present with you.


John xiv. 25.

2. Now existing, or in process; begun but not ended; now in view, or
under consideration; being at this time; not past or future; as, the
present session of Congress; the present state of affairs; the present
instance.

    I'll bring thee to the present business


Shak.

3. Not delayed; immediate; instant; coincident. "A present recompense."
"A present pardon." Shak.

    An ambassador . . . desires a present audience.


Massinger.

4. Ready; quick in emergency; as a present wit. [R.]

5. Favorably attentive; propitious. [Archaic]

    To find a god so present to my prayer.


Dryden.

Present tense (Gram.), the tense or form of a verb which expresses
action or being in the present time; as, I am writing, I write, or I do
write.

Pres"ent, n. [Cf. F. prÈsent. See Present, a.] 1. Present time; the
time being; time in progress now, or at the moment contemplated; as, at
this present.

    Past and present, wound in one.


Tennyson.

2. pl. (Law) Present letters or instrument, as a deed of conveyance, a
lease, letter of attorney, or other writing; as in the phrase, " Know
all men by these presents," that is, by the writing itself, " per has
literas praesentes; " -- in this sense, rarely used in the singular.

3. (Gram.) A present tense, or the form of the verb denoting the
present tense.

At present, at the present time; now. -- For the present, for the tine
being; temporarily. -- In present, at once, without delay. [Obs.] "With
them, in present, half his kingdom; the rest to follow at his death."
Milton.

Pre*sent" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Presenting.] [F. prÈsenter, L. praesentare, fr. praesens, a. See
Present, a.] 1. To bring or introduce into the presence of some one,
especially of a superior; to introduce formally; to offer for
acquaintance; as, to present an envoy to the king; (with the reciprocal
pronoun) to come into the presence of a superior.

    Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves
    before the lord.


Job i. 6

2. To exhibit or offer to view or notice; to lay before one's
perception or cognizance; to set forth; to present a fine appearance.

    Lectorides's memory is ever . . . presenting him with the thoughts
    of other persons.


I. Watts.

3. To pass over, esp. in a ceremonious manner; to give in charge or
possession; to deliver; to make over.

    So ladies in romance assist their knight, Present the spear, and
    arm him for the fight.


Pope.

4. To make a gift of; to bestow; to give, generally in a formal or
ceremonious manner; to grant; to confer.

    My last, least offering, I present thee now.


Cowper.

5. Hence: To endow; to bestow a gift upon; to favor, as with a
donation; also, to court by gifts.

    Octavia presented the poet for him admirable elegy on her son
    Marcellus.


Dryden.

6. To present; to personate. [Obs.] Shak.

7. In specific uses; (a) To nominate to an ecclesiastical benefice; to
offer to the bishop or ordinary as a candidate for institution.

    The patron of a church may present his clerk to a parsonage or
    vicarage; that is, may offer him to the bishop of the diocese to be
    instituted.


Blackstone.

(b) To nominate for support at a public school or other institution .
Lamb. (c) To lay before a public body, or an official, for
consideration, as before a legislature, a court of judicature, a
corporation, etc.; as, to present a memorial, petition, remonstrance,
or indictment. (d) To lay before a court as an object of inquiry; to
give notice officially of, as a crime of offence; to find or represent
judicially; as, a grand jury present certain offenses or nuisances, or
whatever they think to be public injuries. (e) To bring an indictment
against . [U.S] (f) To aim, point, or direct, as a weapon; as, to
present a pistol or the point of a sword to the breast of another.

Pesent arms (Mil.), the command in response to which the gun is carried
perpendicularly in front of the center of the body, and held there with
the left hand grasping it at the lower band, and the right hand
grasping the small of the stock, in token of respect, as in saluting a
superior officer; also, the position taken at such a command.

Pre*sent", v. i. (Med.) To appear at the mouth of the uterus so as to
be perceptible to the finger in vaginal examination; -- said of a part
of an infant during labor.

Pres"ent (?), n. [F. prÈsent .] Anything presented or given; a gift; a
donative; as, a Christmas present.

Syn. -- Gift; donation; donative; benefaction. See Gift.

Pre*sent" (?), n. (Mil.) The position of a soldier in presenting arms;
as, to stand at present.

Pre*sent"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈsentable.] 1. Capable or admitting of
being presented; suitable to be exhibited, represented, or offered; fit
to be brought forward or set forth; hence, fitted to be introduced to
another, or to go into society; as, ideas that are presentable in
simple language; she is not presentable in such a gown.

2. Admitting of the presentation of a clergiman; as, a church
presentable. [R.] Ayliffe.

Pres`en*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. praesentaneus. See Present, a.] Ready;
quick; immediate in effect; as, presentaneous poison. [Obs.] Harvey.

Pres`en*ta"tion (?), n. [L. praesentatio a showing, representation: cf.
F. prÈsentation.] 1. The act of presenting, or the state of being
presented; a setting forth; an offering; bestowal.

    Prayers are sometimes a presentation of mere desires.


Hooker.

2. Hence, exhibition; representation; display; appearance; semblance;
show.

    Under the presentation of the shoots his wit.


Shak.

3. That which is presented or given; a present; a gift, as, the picture
was a presentation. [R.]

4. (Eccl.) The act of offering a clergyman to the bishop or ordinary
for institution in a benefice; the right of presenting a clergyman.

    If the bishop admits the patron's presentation, the clerk so
    admitted is next to be instituted by him.


Blackstone.

5. (Med.) The particular position of the child during labor relatively
to the passage though which it is to be brought forth; -- specifically
designated by the part which first appears at the mouth of the uterus;
as, a breech presentation.

Presentation copy, a copy of a book, engraving, etc., presented to some
one by the author or artist, as a token of regard.

Pre*sent"a*tive (?), a. 1. (Eccl.) Having the right of presentation, or
offering a clergyman to the bishop for institution; as, advowsons are
presentative, collative, or donative. Blackstone.

2. Admitting the presentation of a clergyman; as, a presentative
parsonage. Spelman.

3. (Metaph.) Capable of being directly known by, or presented to, the
mind; intuitive; directly apprehensible, as objects; capable of
apprehending, as faculties.

    The latter term, presentative faculty, I use . . . in contrast and
    correlation to a "representative faculty."


Sir W. Hamilton.

Pres`en*tee" (?), n. [F. prÈsentÈ, p. p. See Present, v. t. ] One to
whom something is presented; also, one who is presented; specifically
(Eccl.), one presented to benefice. Ayliffe.

Pre*sent"er (?), n. One who presents.

Pre*sen"tial (?), a. [LL. praesentialis.] Implying actual presence;
present, immediate. [Obs.]

    God's mercy is made presential to us.


Jer. Taylor.

-- Pre*sen"tial*ly, adv. [Obs.]

Pre*sen`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. State of being actually present. [Obs.]
South.

Pre*sen"ti*ate (?), v. t. To make present. [Obs.]

Pre*sen"tient (?), a. [L. praesentiens, p. pr. of praesentire to
perceive beforehand; prae before + sentire to feel.] Feeling or
perceiving beforehand.

Pres`en*tif"ic (?), a. [L. praesens, -entis, present + facere to make.]
Making present. [Obs.]

-- Pres`en*tif"ic*ly, adv. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Pres`en*tif"ic*al (?), a. Presentific. [Obs.]

Pre*sen"ti*ment (?), n. [Pref. pre-  + sentiment: cf. F. pressentiment.
See Presentient.] Previous sentiment, conception, or opinion; previous
apprehension; especially, an antecedent impression or conviction of
something unpleasant, distressing, or calamitous, about to happen;
anticipation of evil; foreboding.

Pre*sen`ti*men"tal (?), a. Of nature of a presentiment; foreboding.
[R.] Coleridge.

Pre*sen"tion (?), n. See Presension. [Obs.]

Pre*sent"ive (?), a. (Philol.) Bringing a conception or notion directly
before the mind; presenting an object to the memory of imagination; --
distinguished from symbolic.

    How greatly the word "will" is felt to have lost presentive power
    in the last three centuries.


Earle.

-- Pre*sent"ive*ly, adv. -- Pre*sent"ive*ness, n.

Pres"ent*ly (?), adv. 1. At present; at this time; now. [Obs.]

    The towns and forts you presently have.


Sir P. Sidney.

2. At once; without delay; forthwith; also, less definitely, soon;
shortly; before long; after a little while; by and by. Shak.

    And presently the fig tree withered away.


Matt. xxi. 19.

3. With actual presence; actually . [Obs.]

    His precious body and blood presently three.


Bp. Gardiner.

Pre*sent"ment (?), n. 1. The act of presenting, or the state of being
presented; presentation. " Upon the heels of my presentment." Shak.

2. Setting forth to view; delineation; appearance; representation;
exhibition.

    Power to cheat the eye with blear illusion, And give it false
    presentment.


Milton.

3. (Law) (a) The notice taken by a grand jury of any offence from their
own knowledge or observation, without any bill of indictment laid
before them, as, the presentment of a nuisance, a libel, or the like;
also, an inquisition of office and indictment by a grand jury; an
official accusation presented to a tribunal by the grand jury in an
indictment, or the act of offering an indictment; also, the indictment
itself. (b) The official notice (formerly required to be given in
court) of the surrender of a copyhold estate. Blackstone.

Presentment of a bill of exchange, the offering of a bill to the drawee
for acceptance, or to the acceptor for payment. See Bill of exchange,
under Bill.

<! p. 1133 !> Mozley & W.

Pres"ent*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being present; presence.
[Obs.] "Presentness of mind in danger." Clarendon.

Pres`en*toir" (?), n. [Formed after analogy of French.] An ornamental
tray, dish, or the like, used as a salver.

Pre*serv"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being preserved; admitting of
preservation.

Pres`er*va"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈservation.] The act or process of
preserving, or keeping safe; the state of being preserved, or kept from
injury, destruction, or decay; security; safety; as, preservation of
life, fruit, game, etc.; a picture in good preservation.

    Give us particulars of thy preservation.


Shak.

Pre*serv"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈservatif.] Having the power or
quality of preserving; tending to preserve, or to keep from injury,
decay, etc.

Pre*serv"a*tive, n. That which preserves, or has the power of
preserving; a presevative agent.

    To wear tablets as preservatives against the plague.


Bacon.

Pre*serv"a*to*ry (?), a. Preservative. Bp. Hall.

Pre*serv"a*to*ry, n.; pl. Preservatories (&?;). 1. A preservative.
[Obs.] Whitlock.

2. A room, or apparatus, in which perishable things, as fruit,
vegetables, etc., can be preserved without decay.

Pre*serve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preserved (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Preserving.] [F. prÈserver, from L. prae before + servare to save,
preserve; cf. L. praeservare to observe beforehand. See Serve.] 1. To
keep or save from injury or destruction; to guard or defend from evil,
harm, danger, etc.; to protect.

    O Lord, thou preserved man and beast.


Ps. xxxvi. 6.

    Now, good angels preserve the king.


Shak.

2. To save from decay by the use of some preservative substance, as
sugar, salt, etc.; to season and prepare for remaining in a good state,
as fruits, meat, etc.; as, to preserve peaches or grapes.

    You can not preserve it from tainting.


Shak.

3. To maintain throughout; to keep intact; as, to preserve appearances;
to preserve silence.

To preserve game, to protect it from extermination.

Syn. -- To keep; save; secure; uphold; sustain; defend; spare; protect;
guard; shield. See Keep.

Pre*serve", v. i. 1. To make preserves. Shak.

2. To protect game for purposes of sport.

Pre*serve", n. 1. That which is preserved; fruit, etc., seasoned and
kept by suitable preparation; esp., fruit cooked with sugar; --
commonly in the plural.

2. A place in which game, fish, etc., are preserved for purposes of
sport, or for food.

Pre*serv"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, preserves, saves, or
defends, from destruction, injury, or decay; esp., one who saves the
life or character of another. Shak.

2. One who makes preserves of fruit.

Game preserver. See under Game.

Pre*show" (?), v. t. To foreshow.

Pre*side" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Presided; p. pr. & vb. n.
Presiding.] [L. praesidere; prae before + sedere to sit: cf. F.
prÈsider. See Sit.] 1. To be set, or to sit, in the place of authority;
to occupy the place of president, chairman, moderator, director, etc.;
to direct, control, and regulate, as chief officer; as, to preside at a
public meeting; to preside over the senate.

2. To exercise superintendence; to watch over.

    Some o'er the public magazines preside.


Dryden.

Pres"i*dence (?), n. See Presidency. [Obs.]

Pres"i*den*cy (?), n.; pl. Presidencies (#). [Cf. F. prÈsidence.] 1.
The function or condition of one who presides; superintendence; control
and care.

2. The office of president; as, Washington was elected to the
presidency.

3. The term during which a president holds his office; as, during the
presidency of Madison.

4. One of the three great divisions of British India, the Bengal,
Madras, and Bombay Presidencies, each of which had a council of which
its governor was president.

Pres"i*dent (?), n. Precedent. [Obs.] Bacon.

Pres"i*dent, a. Occupying the first rank or chief place; having the
highest authority; presiding. [R.]

    His angels president In every province.


Milton.

Pres"i*dent, n. [F. prÈsident, L. praesidens, -entis, p. pr. of
praesidere. See Preside.] 1. One who is elected or appointed to
preside; a presiding officer, as of a legislative body. Specifically:
(a) The chief officer of a corporation, company, institution, society,
or the like. (b) The chief executive officer of the government in
certain republics; as, the president of the United States.

2. A protector; a guardian; a presiding genius. [Obs.]

    Just Apollo, president of verse.


Waller.

Pres`i*den"tial (?), a. 1. Presiding or watching over. "Presidential
angels." Glanvill.

2. Of or pertaining to a president; as, the presidential chair; a
presidential election.

Pres"i*dent*ship (?), n. The office and dignity of president;
presidency. Hooker.

Pre*sid"er (?), n. One who presides.

{ Pre*sid"i*al (?), Pre*sid"i*a*ry (?), } a. [L. praesidialis and
praesidiarius, fr. praesidium a presiding over, defense, guard. See
Preside.] Of or pertaining to a garrison; having a garrison.

    There are three presidial castles in this city.


Howell.

Pre*sid"i*a*ry, n. [L. praesidiarium.] A guard. [Obs.] "Heavenly
presidiaries." Bp. Hall.

Pre*sid"ing (?), a. & n. from Preside.

Presiding elder. See under 2d Elder.

||Pre*si"di*o (?), n. [Sp.] A place of defense; a fortress; a garrison;
||a fortress; a garrison or guardhouse.

Pre*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [&?;. praesignificatio. See Presignify.]
The act of signifying or showing beforehand.

Pre*sig"ni*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presignified (?); imp. & p. p.
Presignifying.] [L. praesignificare; prae before + significare to
signify.] To intimate or signify beforehand; to presage.

Pre*sphe"noid (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the sphenoid bone;
of or pertaining to the anterior part of the sphenoid bone (i. e., the
presphenoid bone).

Presphenoid bone (Anat.), the anterior part of the body of the sphenoid
bone in front of the basisphenoid. It is usually a separate bone in the
young or fetus, but becomes a part of the sphenoid in the adult.

Pre*sphe"noid, n. (Anat.) The presphenoid bone.

Pre`sphe*noid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the presphenoid
bone; presphenoid.

Pre*spi"nal (?), a. (Anat.) Prevertebral.

Press (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An East Indian insectivore (Tupaia ferruginea).
It is arboreal in its habits, and has a bushy tail. The fur is soft,
and varies from rusty red to maroon and to brownish black.

Press, v. t. [Corrupt. fr. prest ready money advanced, a loan; hence,
earnest money given soldiers on entering service. See Prest, n.] To
force into service, particularly into naval service; to impress.

    To peaceful peasant to the wars is pressed.


Dryden.

Press, n. [For prest, confused with press.] A commission to force men
into public service, particularly into the navy.

    I have misused the king's press.


Shak.

Press gang, or Pressgang, a detachment of seamen under the command of
an officer empowered to force men into the naval service. See Impress
gang, under Impress. -- Press money, money paid to a man enlisted into
public service. See Prest money, under Prest, a.

Press, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pressing.] [F.
presser, fr. L. pressare to press, fr. premere, pressum, to press. Cf.
Print, v.] 1. To urge, or act upon, with force, as weight; to act upon
by pushing or thrusting, in distinction from pulling; to crowd or
compel by a gradual and continued exertion; to bear upon; to squeeze;
to compress; as, we press the ground with the feet when we walk; we
press the couch on which we repose; we press substances with the hands,
fingers, or arms; we are pressed in a crowd.

    Good measure, pressed down, and shaken together.


Luke vi. 38.

2. To squeeze, in order to extract the juice or contents of; to squeeze
out, or express, from something.

    From sweet kernels pressed, She tempers dulcet creams.


Milton.

    And I took the grapes, and pressed them into Pharaoh's cup, and I
    gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand.


Gen. xl. 11.

3. To squeeze in or with suitable instruments or apparatus, in order to
compact, make dense, or smooth; as, to press cotton bales, paper, etc.;
to smooth by ironing; as, to press clothes.

4. To embrace closely; to hug.

    Leucothoe shook at these alarms, And pressed Palemon closer in her
    arms.


Pope.

5. To oppress; to bear hard upon.

    Press not a falling man too far.


Shak.

6. To straiten; to distress; as, to be pressed with want or hunger.

7. To exercise very powerful or irresistible influence upon or over; to
constrain; to force; to compel.

    Paul was pressed in the spirit, and testified to the Jews that
    Jesus was Christ.


Acts xviii. 5.

8. To try to force (something upon some one); to urge or inculcate with
earnestness or importunity; to enforce; as, to press divine truth on an
audience.

    He pressed a letter upon me within this hour.


Dryden.

    Be sure to press upon him every motive.


Addison.

9. To drive with violence; to hurry; to urge on; to ply hard; as, to
press a horse in a race.

    The posts . . . went cut, being hastened and pressed on, by the
    king's commandment.


Esther viii. 14.

Press differs from drive and strike in usually denoting a slow or
continued application of force; whereas drive and strike denote a
sudden impulse of force.

Pressed brick. See under Brick.

Press, v. i. 1. To exert pressure; to bear heavily; to push, crowd, or
urge with steady force.

2. To move on with urging and crowding; to make one's way with violence
or effort; to bear onward forcibly; to crowd; to throng; to encroach.

    They pressed upon him for to touch him.


Mark iii. 10.

3. To urge with vehemence or importunity; to exert a strong or
compelling influence; as, an argument presses upon the judgment.

Press, n. [F. presse. See 4th Press.] 1. An apparatus or machine by
which any substance or body is pressed, squeezed, stamped, or shaped,
or by which an impression of a body is taken; sometimes, the place or
building containing a press or presses.

Presses are differently constructed for various purposes in the arts,
their specific uses being commonly designated; as, a cotton press, a
wine press, a cider press, a copying press, etc. See Drill press.

2. Specifically, a printing press.

3. The art or business of printing and publishing; hence, printed
publications, taken collectively, more especially newspapers or the
persons employed in writing for them; as, a free press is a blessing, a
licentious press is a curse.

4. An upright case or closet for the safe keeping of articles; as, a
clothes press. Shak.

5. The act of pressing or thronging forward.

    In their throng and press to that last hold.


Shak.

6. Urgent demands of business or affairs; urgency; as, a press of
engagements.

7. A multitude of individuals crowded together; &?; crowd of single
things; a throng.

    They could not come nigh unto him for the press.


Mark ii. 4.

Cylinder press, a printing press in which the impression is produced by
a revolving cylinder under which the form passes; also, one in which
the form of type or plates is curved around a cylinder, instead of
resting on a flat bed. -- Hydrostatic press. See under Hydrostatic. --
Liberty of the press, the free right of publishing books, pamphlets, or
papers, without previous restraint or censorship, subject only to
punishment for libelous, seditious, or morally pernicious matters. --
Press bed, a bed that may be folded, and inclosed, in a press or
closet. Boswell. -- Press of sail, (Naut.), as much sail as the state
of the wind will permit.

Press"er (?), n. One who, or that which, presses.

Presser bar, or Presser wheel (Knitting machine), a bar or wheel which
closes the barbs of the needles to enable the loops of the yarn to pass
over them. -- Presser foot, the part of a sewing machine which rests on
the cloth and presses it down upon the table of the machine.

Press"gang` (?), n. See Press gang, under Press.

Press"ing, a. Urgent; exacting; importunate; as, a pressing necessity.
-- Press"ing*ly, adv.

Pres"sion (?), n. [L. pressio: cf. F. pression. See 4th Press.] 1. The
act of pressing; pressure. Sir I. Newton.

2. (Cartesian Philos.) An endeavor to move.

Pres`si*ros"ter (?), n. [L. presssus pressed (p. p. of premere) +
rostrum beak: cf. F. pressirostre. See 4th Press.] (Zoˆl.) One of a
tribe of wading birds (Pressirostres) including those which have a
compressed beak, as the plovers.

Pres`si*ros"tral (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the pressirosters.

Pres"si*tant (?), a. [See 4th Press.] Gravitating; heavy. [Obs.] Dr. H.
More.

Pres"sive (?), a. Pressing; urgent; also, oppressive; as, pressive
taxation. [R.] Bp. Hall.

Press"ly (?), adv. Closely; concisely. [Obs.]

Press"man (?), n.; pl. Pressmen (&?;). 1. One who manages, or attends
to, a press, esp. a printing press.

2. One who presses clothes; as, a tailor's pressman.

Press"man, n. [See 2d Press.] One of a press gang, who aids in forcing
men into the naval service; also, one forced into the service.

Press"or (?), a. (Physiol.) Causing, or giving rise to, pressure or to
an increase of pressure; as, pressor nerve fibers, stimulation of which
excites the vasomotor center, thus causing a stronger contraction of
the arteries and consequently an increase of the arterial blood
pressure; -- opposed to depressor. Landois & Stirling.

Press"pack` (?), v. t. To pack, or prepare for packing, by means of a
press.

Pres"sur*age (?), n. [F.] 1. Pressure.

2. The juice of the grape extracted by the press; also, a fee paid for
the use of a wine press.

Pres"sure (?; 138), n. [OF., fr. L. pressura, fr. premere. See 4th
Press.] 1. The act of pressing, or the condition of being pressed;
compression; a squeezing; a crushing; as, a pressure of the hand.

2. A contrasting force or impulse of any kind; as, the pressure of
poverty; the pressure of taxes; the pressure of motives on the mind;
the pressure of civilization.

    Where the pressure of danger was not felt.


Macaulay.

3. Affliction; distress; grievance.

    My people's pressures are grievous.


Eikon Basilike.

    In the midst of his great troubles and pressures.


Atterbury.

4. Urgency; as, the pressure of business.

5. Impression; stamp; character impressed.

    All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past.


Shak.

6. (Mech.) The action of a force against some obstacle or opposing
force; a force in the nature of a thrust, distributed over a surface,
often estimated with reference to the amount upon a unit's area.

Atmospheric pressure, Center of pressure, etc. See under Atmospheric,
Center, etc. -- Back pressure (Steam engine), pressure which resists
the motion of the piston, as the pressure of exhaust steam which does
not find free outlet. -- Fluid pressure, pressure like that exerted by
a fluid. It is a thrust which is normal and equally intense in all
directions around a point. Rankine. -- Pressure gauge, a gauge for
indicating fluid pressure; a manometer.

Press"work` (?), n. The art of printing from the surface of type,
plates, or engravings in relief, by means of a press; the work so done.
MacKellar.

Prest (prst), imp. & p. p. of Press.

Prest, a. [OF. prest, F. prÍt, fr. L. praestus ready. Cf. Presto.] 1.
Ready; prompt; prepared. [Obs.]

    All prest to such battle he was.


R. of Gloucester.

2. Neat; tidy; proper. [Obs.] Tusser.

Prest money, money formerly paid to men when they enlisted into the
British service; -- so called because it bound those that received it
to be ready for service when called upon.

Prest, n. [OF. prest, F. prÍt, fr. OF. prester to lend, F. prÍter, fr.
L. praestare to stand before, to become surety for, to fulfill, offer,
supply; prae before + stare to stand. See Pre-, and Stand, and cf.
Press to force into service.] 1. Ready money; a loan of money. [Obs.]

    Requiring of the city a prest of six thousand marks.


Bacon.

2. (Law) A duty in money formerly paid by the sheriff on his account in
the exchequer, or for money left or remaining in his hands. Cowell.

Prest, v. t. To give as a loan; to lend. [Obs.]

    Sums of money . . . prested out in loan.


E. Hall.

Prest"a*ble (?), a. Payable. [Scot.]

Pres*ta"tion (?), n. [L. praestatio a performing, paying, fr.
praestare: cf. F. prestation.] (O. Eng. Law) A payment of money; a toll
or duty; also, the rendering of a service. Burrill.

<! p. 1134 !>

Prestation money, a sum of money paid yearly by archdeacons and other
dignitaries to their bishop.

Pres"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to kindle or burn, and &?;
to blow up, swell out by blowing.] 1. A meteor or exhalation formerly
supposed to be thrown from the clouds with such violence that by
collision it is set on fire. [Obs.]

2. pl. One of the veins of the neck when swollen with anger or other
excitement. [Obs.]

Pres"ter, n. [OF. prestre. See Priest.] A priest or presbyter; as,
Prester John. [Obs.]

Pre*ster"num (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) The anterior segment of the sternum;
the manubrium. -- Pre*ster"nal (#), a.

Pres`ti*dig"i*tal (?), a. Nimble- fingered; having fingers fit for
prestidigitation, or juggling. [R.] "His prestidigital hand." Charles
Reade.

Pres`ti*dig`i*ta"tion (?), n. Legerdemain; sleight of hand; juggling.

Pres`ti*dig"i*ta`tor (?), n. [L. praesto ready + digitus finger: cf. F.
prestidigitateur.] One skilled in legerdemain or sleight of hand; a
juggler.

Pres"tige (?; 277), n. [F., fr. L. praestigum delusion, illusion,
praestigae deceptions, jugglers' tricks, prob. fr. prae before + the
root of stinguere to extinguish, originally, to prick. See Stick, v.]
1. Delusion; illusion; trick. [Obs.]

    The sophisms of infidelity, and the prestiges of imposture.


Bp. Warburton.

2. Weight or influence derived from past success; expectation of future
achievements founded on those already accomplished; force or charm
derived from acknowledged character or reputation. "The prestige of his
name must go for something." Sir G. C. Lewis.

Pres*tig`i*a"tion (?), n. [L. praestigiare to deceive by juggling
tricks, fr. praestigae. See Prestige.] Legerdemain; prestidigitation.
[Obs.]

Pres*tig"i*a`tor (?), n. [L. praestigiator.] A juggler;
prestidigitator. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Pres*tig"i*a*to*ry (?), a. Consisting of impostures; juggling. [Obs.]
Barrow.

Pres*tig"i*ous (?), a. [L. praestigiosus.] Practicing tricks; juggling.
[Obs.] Cotton Mather.

Pres"ti*mo*ny (?), n. [LL. praestimonium, fr. L. praestare to furnish,
supply: cf. F. prestimonie. See Prest, n.] (Canon Law) A fund for the
support of a priest, without the title of a benefice. The patron in the
collator.

||Pres*tis"si*mo (?), adv. [It., superl. of presto.] (Mus.) Very
||quickly; with great rapidity.

Pres"to (?), adv. [It. or Sp. presto quick, quickly. See Prest, a.] 1.
Quickly; immediately; in haste; suddenly.

    Presto! begone! 'tis here again.


Swift.

2. (Mus.) Quickly; rapidly; -- a direction for a quick, lively movement
or performance; quicker than allegro, or any rate of time except
prestissimo.

Pre*stric"tion (?), n. [L. praestrictio a binding fast, fr.
praestringere. See Pre-, and Stringent.] Obstruction, dimness, or
defect of sight. [Obs.] Milton.

Pre*sul"tor (?), n. [L. praesultor; prae before + salire to dance.] A
leader in the dance. [R.]

Pre*sum"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈsumable.] Such as may be presumed or
supposed to be true; that seems entitled to belief without direct
evidence.

Pre*sum"a*bly, adv. In a presumable manner; by, or according to,
presumption.

Pre*sume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Presuming.] [F. prÈsumer, L. praesumere, praesumptum; prae before +
sumere to take. See Assume, Redeem.] 1. To assume or take beforehand;
esp., to do or undertake without leave or authority previously
obtained.

    Dare he presume to scorn us in this manner?


Shak.

    Bold deed thou hast presumed, adventurous Eve.


Milton.

2. To take or suppose to be true, or entitled to belief, without
examination or proof, or on the strength of probability; to take for
granted; to infer; to suppose.

    Every man is to be presumed innocent till he is proved to be
    guilty.


Blackstone.

    What rests but that the mortal sentence pass, . . . Which he
    presumes already vain and void, Because not yet inflicted?


Milton.

Pre*sume", v. i. 1. To suppose or assume something to be, or to be
true, on grounds deemed valid, though not amounting to proof; to
believe by anticipation; to infer; as, we may presume too far.

2. To venture, go, or act, by an assumption of leave or authority not
granted; to go beyond what is warranted by the circumstances of the
case; to venture beyond license; to take liberties; -- often with on or
upon before the ground of confidence.

    Do not presume too much upon my love.


Shak.

    This man presumes upon his parts.


Locke.

Pre*sum"ed*ly, adv. By presumption.

Pre*sum"er (?), n. One who presumes; also, an arrogant person. Sir H.
Wotton.

Pre*sum"ing*ly, adv. Confidently; arrogantly.

Pre*sump"tion (?; 215), n. [L. praesumptio: cf. F. prÈsomption, OF.
also presumpcion. See Presume.] 1. The act of presuming, or believing
upon probable evidence; the act of assuming or taking for granted;
belief upon incomplete proof.

2. Ground for presuming; evidence probable, but not conclusive; strong
probability; reasonable supposition; as, the presumption is that an
event has taken place.

3. That which is presumed or assumed; that which is supposed or
believed to be real or true, on evidence that is probable but not
conclusive. "In contradiction to these very plausible presumptions." De
Quincey.

4. The act of venturing beyond due beyond due bounds; an overstepping
of the bounds of reverence, respect, or courtesy; forward,
overconfident, or arrogant opinion or conduct; presumptuousness;
arrogance; effrontery.

    Thy son I killed for his presumption.


Shak.

    I had the presumption to dedicate to you a very unfinished piece.


Dryden.

Conclusive presumption. See under Conclusive. -- Presumption of fact
(Law), an argument of a fact from a fact; an inference as to the
existence of one fact not certainly known, from the existence of some
other fact known or proved, founded on a previous experience of their
connection; supposition of the truth or real existence of something,
without direct or positive proof of the fact, but grounded on
circumstantial or probable evidence which entitles it to belief.
Burrill. Best. Wharton. -- Presumption of law (Law), a postulate
applied in advance to all cases of a particular class; e. g., the
presumption of innocence and of regularity of records. Such a
presumption is rebuttable or irrebuttable.

Pre*sump"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈsomptif.] 1. Based on presumption or
probability; grounded on probable evidence; probable; as, presumptive
proof.

2. Presumptuous; arrogant. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Presumptive evidence (Law), that which is derived from circumstances
which necessarily or usually attend a fact, as distinct from direct
evidence or positive proof; indirect or circumstantial evidence.
"Presumptive evidence of felony should be cautiously admitted."
Blackstone. The distinction, however, between direct and presumptive
(or circumstantial) evidence is now generally abandoned; all evidence
being now more or less direct and more or less presumptive. --
Presumptive heir. See Heir presumptive, under Heir.

Pre*sump"tive*ly, adv. By presumption, or supposition grounded or
probability; presumably.

Pre*sump"tu*ous (?; 135), a. [L. praesumptuosus: cf. F. prÈsomptueux,
OF. also presumptuous. See Presumption.] 1. Full of presumption;
presuming; overconfident or venturesome; audacious; rash; taking
liberties unduly; arrogant; insolent; as, a presumptuous commander;
presumptuous conduct.

    A class of presumptuous men, whom age has not made cautious, nor
    adversity wise.


Buckminster.

2. Founded on presumption; as, a presumptuous idea. "False,
presumptuous hope." Milton.

3. Done with hold design, rash confidence, or in violation of known
duty; willful. "Keep back the servant also from presumptuous sins." Ps.
xix. 13.

Syn. -- Overconfident; foolhardy; rash; presuming; forward; arrogant;
insolent.

Pre*sump"tu*ous*ly, adv. In a presumptuous manner; arrogantly.

Pre*sump"tu*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being presumptuous.

Pre`sup*pos"al (?), n. Presupposition. [R.] "Presupposal of knowledge."
Hooker.

Pre`sup*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presupposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Presupposing.] [Pref. pre- + suppose: cf. F. prÈsupposer.] To suppose
beforehand; to imply as antecedent; to take for granted; to assume; as,
creation presupposes a creator.

    Each [kind of knowledge] presupposes many necessary things learned
    in other sciences, and known beforehand.


Hooker.

Pre*sup`po*si"tion (?), n. [Pref. pre- + supposition: cf. F.
prÈsupposition.] 1. The act of presupposing; an antecedent implication;
presumption.

2. That which is presupposed; a previous supposition or surmise.

Pre`sur*mise" (?), n. A surmise previously formed. Shak.

Pre`sys*tol"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Preceding the systole or contraction
of the heart; as, the presystolic friction sound.

Pre*tem"po*ral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the temporal bone.

Pre*tence" (?), n., Pre*tence"ful, a., Pre*tence"*less, a. See
Pretense, Pretenseful, Pretenseless.

Pre*tend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pretended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pretending.] [OE. pretenden to lay claim to, F. prÈtendre, L.
praetendere, praetentum, to stretch forward, pretend, simulate, assert;
prae before + tendere to stretch. See Tend, v. t. ] 1. To lay a claim
to; to allege a title to; to claim.

    Chiefs shall be grudged the part which they pretend.


Dryden.

2. To hold before, or put forward, as a cloak or disguise for something
else; to exhibit as a veil for something hidden. [R.]

    Lest that too heavenly form, pretended To hellish falsehood, snare
    them.


Milton.

3. To hold out, or represent, falsely; to put forward, or offer, as
true or real (something untrue or unreal); to show hypocritically, or
for the purpose of deceiving; to simulate; to feign; as, to pretend
friendship.

    This let him know, Lest, willfully transgressing, he pretend
    Surprisal.


Milton.

4. To intend; to design; to plot; to attempt. [Obs.]

    Such as shall pretend Malicious practices against his state.


Shak.

5. To hold before one; to extend. [Obs.] "His target always over her
pretended." Spenser.

Pre*tend", v. i. 1. To put in, or make, a claim, truly or falsely; to
allege a title; to lay claim to, or strive after, something; -- usually
with to. "Countries that pretend to freedom." Swift.

    For to what fine he would anon pretend, That know I well.


Chaucer.

2. To hold out the appearance of being, possessing, or performing; to
profess; to make believe; to feign; to sham; as, to pretend to be
asleep. "[He] pretended to drink the waters." Macaulay.

Pre*tend"ant (?), n. A pretender; a claimant.

Pre*tend"ed, a. Making a false appearance; unreal; false; as, pretended
friend. -- Pre*tend"ed*ly, adv.

Pre*tend"ence (?), n. The act of pretending; pretense. [Obs.] Daniel.

Pre*tend"er (?), n. 1. One who lays claim, or asserts a title (to
something); a claimant. Specifically, The pretender (Eng. Hist.), the
son or the grandson of James II., the heir of the royal family of
Stuart, who laid claim to the throne of Great Britain, from which the
house was excluded by law.

    It is the shallow, unimproved intellects that are the confident
    pretenders to certainty.


Glanvill.

2. One who pretends, simulates, or feigns.

Pre*tend"er*ship, n. The character, right, or claim of a pretender.
Swift.

Pre*tend"ing*ly, adv. As by right or title; arrogantly; presumptuously.
Collier.

{ Pre*tense", Pre*tence } (?), n. [LL. praetensus, for L. praetentus,
p. p. of praetendere. See Pretend, and cf. Tension.] 1. The act of
laying claim; the claim laid; assumption; pretension. Spenser.

    Primogeniture can not have any pretense to a right of solely
    inheriting property or power.


Locke.

    I went to Lambeth with Sir R. Brown's pretense to the wardenship of
    Merton College, Oxford.


Evelyn.

2. The act of holding out, or offering, to others something false or
feigned; presentation of what is deceptive or hypocritical; deception
by showing what is unreal and concealing what is real; false show;
simulation; as, pretense of illness; under pretense of patriotism; on
pretense of revenging CÊsar's death.

3. That which is pretended; false, deceptive, or hypocritical show,
argument, or reason; pretext; feint.

    Let not the Trojans, with a feigned pretense Of proffered peace,
    delude the Latian prince.


Dryden.

4. Intention; design. [Obs.]

    A very pretense and purpose of unkindness.


Shak.

See the Note under Offense.

Syn. -- Mask; appearance; color; show; pretext; excuse. -- Pretense,
Pretext. A pretense is something held out as real when it is not so,
thus falsifying the truth. A pretext is something woven up in order to
cover or conceal one's true motives, feelings, or reasons. Pretext is
often, but not always, used in a bad sense.

Pre*tensed" (?), a. Pretended; feigned. [Obs.] -- Pre*tens"ed*ly (#),
adv. [Obs.]

Pre*tense"ful (?), a. Abounding in pretenses.

Pre*tense"less, a. Not having or making pretenses.

Pre*ten"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈtention. See Pretend, Tension.] 1. The
act of pretending, or laying claim; the act of asserting right or
title.

    The arrogant pretensions of Glengarry contributed to protract the
    discussion.


Macaulay.

2. A claim made, whether true or false; a right alleged or assumed; a
holding out the appearance of possessing a certain character; as,
pretensions to scholarship.

    This was but an invention and pretension given out by the
    Spaniards.


Bacon.

    Men indulge those opinions and practices that favor their
    pretensions.


L'Estrange.

Pre*ten"ta*tive (?), a. [Pref. pre-  + tentative: cf. L. praetentare to
try beforehand.] Fitted for trial beforehand; experimental. [R.] Sir H.
Wotton.

Pre*ten"tious (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈtentieux. See Pretend.] Full of
pretension; disposed to lay claim to more than is one's; presuming;
assuming. -- Pre*ten"tious*ly, adv. - - Pre*ten"tious*ness, n.

Pre"ter- (?). [L. praeter past, beyond, originally a compar. of prae
before. See For, prep.] A prefix signifying past, by, beyond, more
than; as, preter- mission, a permitting to go by; preternatural, beyond
or more than is natural. [Written also prÊter.]

Pre`ter*hu"man (?), a. [Pref. preter-  + human.] More than human.

Pre*te"ri*ent (?), a. [L. praeteriens, p. pr. See Preterit.] Passed
through; antecedent; previous; as, preterient states. [R.]

Pre`ter*im*per"fect (?), a. & n. [Pref. preter- + imperfect.] (Gram.)
Old name of the tense also called imperfect.

Pret"er*ist (?), n. [Pref. preter-  + -ist.] 1. One whose chief
interest is in the past; one who regards the past with most pleasure or
favor.

2. (Theol.) One who believes the prophecies of the Apocalypse to have
been already fulfilled. Farrar.

Pret"er*it (?; 277), a. [L. praeteritus, p. p. of praeterire to go or
pass by; praeter beyond, by + ire to go: cf. F. prÈtÈrit. See Issue.]
[Written also preterite and prÊterite.] 1. (Gram.) Past; -- applied to
a tense which expresses an action or state as past.

2. Belonging wholly to the past; passed by. [R.]

    Things and persons as thoroughly preterite as Romulus or Numa.


Lowell.

Pret"er*it, n. (Gram.) The preterit; also, a word in the preterit
tense.

Pret"er*ite (?), a. & n. Same as Preterit.

Pret"er*ite*ness, n. Same as Preteritness.

Pre`ter*i"tion (?; 277), n. [L. praeteritio: cf. F. prÈtÈrition.] 1.
The act of passing, or going past; the state of being past. Bp. Hall.

2. (Rhet.) A figure by which, in pretending to pass over anything, a
summary mention of it is made; as, "I will not say, he is valiant, he
is learned, he is just." Called also paraleipsis.

3. (Law) The omission by a testator of some one of his heirs who is
entitled to a portion. Bouvier.

Pre*ter"i*tive (?), a. (Gram.) Used only or chiefly in the preterit or
past tenses, as certain verbs.

Pret"er*it*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being past. Bentley.
Lowell.

Pre`ter*lapsed" (?), a. [L. praeterlapsus, p. p. of praeterlabi to
glide by. See Preter-, Lapse.] Past; as, preterlapsed ages. [R.]
Glanvill.

Pre`ter*le"gal (?), a. [Pref. preter-  + legal.] Exceeding the limits
of law. [R.]

<! p. 1135 !>

Pre`ter*mis"sion (?), n. [L. praetermissio. See Pretermit.] 1. The act
of passing by or omitting; omission. Milton.

2. (Rhet.) See Preterition.

Pre`ter*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pretermitted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pretermitting.] [L. praetermittere, praetermissum; praeter beyond +
mittere to send. See Mission.] To pass by; to omit; to disregard.
Bacon.

Pre`ter*nat"u*ral (?; 135), a. [Pref. preter + natural.] Beyond of
different from what is natural, or according to the regular course of
things, but not clearly supernatural or miraculous; strange;
inexplicable; extraordinary; uncommon; irregular; abnormal; as, a
preternatural appearance; a preternatural stillness; a preternatural
presentation (in childbirth) or labor.

    This vile and preternatural temper of mind.


South.

Syn. -- See Supernatural.

Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ism (?), n. The state of being preternatural; a
preternatural condition.

Pre`ter*nat`u*ral"i*ty (?), n. Preternaturalness. [R.] Dr. John Smith.

Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ly (?; 135), adv. In a preternatural manner or
degree. Bacon.

Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ness, n. The quality or state of being preternatural.

Pre`ter*per"fect (?), a. & n. [Pref. preter- + perfect.] (Gram.) Old
name of the tense also called preterit.

Pre`ter*plu"per`fect (?), a. & n. [Pref. preter- + pluperfect.] (Gram.)
Old name of the tense also called pluperfect.

Pre*ter"ti*a*ry (?), a. (Geol.) Earlier than Tertiary.

Pre`ter*vec"tion (?), n. [L. praetervectio, fr. praetervehere to carry
beyond. See Invection.] The act of carrying past or beyond. [R.] Abp.
Potter.

Pre*tex" (?), v. t. [L. praetexere. See Pretext.] To frame; to devise;
to disguise or excuse; hence, to pretend; to declare falsely. [Obs.]

Pre"text (?; 277), n. [F. prÈtexte, L. praetextum, fr. praetextus, p.
p. of praetexere to weave before, allege as an excuse; prae before +
texere to weave. See Text.] Ostensible reason or motive assigned or
assumed as a color or cover for the real reason or motive; pretense;
disguise.

    They suck the blood of those they depend on, under a pretext of
    service and kindness.


L'Estrange.

    With how much or how little pretext of reason.


Dr. H. More.

Syn. -- Pretense; excuse; semblance; disguise; appearance. See
Pretense.

Pre*tex"ture (?; 135), n. A pretext. [Obs.]

Pre*tib"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the tibia.

Pre"tor (?), n. [L. praetor, for praeitor, fr. praeire to go before;
prae before + ire to go. See Issue.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A civil officer
or magistrate among the ancient Romans.

Originally the pretor was a kind of third consul; but at an early
period two pretors were appointed, the first of whom (praetor urbanus)
was a kind of mayor or city judge; the other (praetor peregrinus) was a
judge of cases in which one or both of the parties were foreigners.
Still later, the number of pretors, or judges, was further increased.

2. Hence, a mayor or magistrate. [R.] Dryden.

Pre*to"ri*al (?), a. Pretorian. Burke.

Pre*to"ri*an (?), a. [L. praetorians: cf. F. prÈtorien.] Of or
pertaining to a pretor or magistrate; judicial; exercised by, or
belonging to, a pretor; as, pretorian power or authority.

Pretorian bands or guards, or Pretorians (Rom. Hist.), the emperor's
bodyguards, instituted by the Emperor Augustus in nine cohorts of 1,000
men each. -- Pretorian gate (Rom. Antiq.), that one of the four gates
in a camp which lay next the enemy. Brande & C.

Pre*to"ri*an, n. A soldier of the pretorian guard.

||Pre*to"ri*um (?), n. [L. praetorium, fr. praetor.] 1. The general's
||tent in a Roman camp; hence, a council of war, because held in the
||general's tent.

2. The official residence of a governor of a province; hence, a place;
a splendid country seat.

Pre"tor*ship (?), n. The office or dignity of a pretor. J. Warton

Pre*tor"ture (?; 135), v. t. To torture beforehand. Fuller.

Pret"ti*ly (?), adv. In a pretty manner.

Pret"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being pretty; -- used
sometimes in a disparaging sense.

    A style . . . without sententious pretension or antithetical
    prettiness.


Jeffrey.

Pret"ty (?), a. [Compar. Prettier (?); superl. Prettiest.] [OE. prati,
AS. prÊttig, prÊtig, crafty, sly, akin to prÊt, prÊtt, deceit,
trickery, Icel. prettugr tricky, prettr a trick; probably fr. Latin,
perhaps through Celtic; cf. W. praith act, deed, practice, LL. practica
execution, practice, plot. See Practice.] 1. Pleasing by delicacy or
grace; attracting, but not striking or impressing; of a pleasing and
attractive form a color; having slight or diminutive beauty; neat or
elegant without elevation or grandeur; pleasingly, but not grandly,
conceived or expressed; as, a pretty face; a pretty flower; a pretty
poem.

    This is the prettiest lowborn lass that ever Ran on the greensward.


Shak.

2. Moderately large; considerable; as, he had saved a pretty fortune.
"Wavering a pretty while." Evelyn.

3. Affectedly nice; foppish; -- used in an ill sense.

    The pretty gentleman is the most complaisant in the world.


Spectator.

4. Mean; despicable; contemptible; -- used ironically; as, a pretty
trick; a pretty fellow.

5. Stout; strong and brave; intrepid; valiant. [Scot.]

    [He] observed they were pretty men, meaning not handsome.


Sir W. Scott.

Syn. -- Elegant; neat; fine. See Handsome.

Pret"ty (?), adv. In some degree; moderately; considerably; rather;
almost; -- less emphatic than very; as, I am pretty sure of the fact;
pretty cold weather.

    Pretty plainly professes himself a sincere Christian.


Atterbury.

Pret"ty*ish, a. Somewhat pretty. Walpole.

Pret"ty*ism (?), n. Affectation of a pretty style, manner, etc. [R.]
Ed. Rev.

Pret"ty-spo`ken (?), a. Spoken or speaking prettily. [Colloq.]

Pre*typ"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pretypified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pretypifying.] To prefigure; to exhibit previously in a type. Bp.
Pearson.

Pret"zel (?), n. [G. pretzel, bretzel. Cf. Bretzel.] A kind of German
biscuit or cake in the form of a twisted ring, salted on the outside.

Pre*vail" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prevailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prevailing.] [F. prÈvaloir, OF. prevaleir, L. praevalere; prae before +
valere to be strong, able, or worth. See Valiant.] 1. To overcome; to
gain the victory or superiority; to gain the advantage; to have the
upper hand, or the mastery; to succeed; -- sometimes with over or
against.

    When Moses held up his hand, Israel prevailed, and when he let down
    his hand, Amalek prevailed.


Ex. xvii. 11.

    So David prevailed over the Philistine.


1 Sam. xvii. 50.

    This kingdom could never prevail against the united power of
    England.


Swift.

2. To be in force; to have effect, power, or influence; to be
predominant; to have currency or prevalence; to obtain; as, the
practice prevails this day.

    This custom makes the short-sighted bigots, and the warier
    skeptics, as far as it prevails.


Locke.

3. To persuade or induce; -- with on, upon, or with; as, I prevailedon
him to wait.

    He was prevailed with to restrain the Earl.


Clarendon.

    Prevail upon some judicious friend to be your constant hearer, and
    allow him the utmost freedom.


Swift.

Pre*vail"ing, a. 1. Having superior force or influence; efficacious;
persuasive. Shak.

    Saints shall assist thee with prevailing prayers.


Rowe.

2. Predominant; prevalent; most general; as, the prevailing disease of
a climate; a prevailing opinion.

Syn. See Prevalent.

Pre*vail"ing*ly, adv. So as to prevail.

Pre*vail"ment (?), n. Prevalence; superior influence; efficacy. [Obs.]
Shak.

Prev"a*lence (?), n. [L. praevalentia: cf. F. prÈvalence. See Prevail.]
The quality or condition of being prevalent; superior strength, force,
or influence; general existence, reception, or practice; wide
extension; as, the prevalence of virtue, of a fashion, or of a disease;
the prevalence of a rumor.

    The duke better knew what kind of argument were of prevalence with
    him.


Clarendon.

Prev"a*len*cy (?), n. See Prevalence.

Prev"a*lent (?), a. [L. praevalens, -entis, p. pr. of praevalere. See
Prevail.] 1. Gaining advantage or superiority; having superior force,
influence, or efficacy; prevailing; predominant; successful;
victorious.

    Brennus told the Roman embassadors, that prevalent arms were as
    good as any title.


Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Most generally received or current; most widely adopted or
practiced; also, generally or extensively existing; widespread;
prevailing; as, a prevalent observance; prevalent disease.

    This was the most received and prevalent opinion.


Woodward.

Syn. -- Prevailing; predominant; successful; efficacious; powerful. --
Prevalent, Prevailing. What customarily prevails is prevalent; as, a
prevalent fashion. What actually prevails is prevailing; as, the
prevailing winds are west. Hence, prevailing is the livelier and more
pointed word, since it represents a thing in action. It is sometimes
the stronger word, since a thing may prevail sufficiently to be called
prevalent, and yet require greater strength to make it actually
prevailing.

Prev"a*lent"ly, adv. In a prevalent manner. Prior.

Pre*var"i*cate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prevaricated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Prevaricating.] [L. praevaricatus, p. p. of praevaricari to walk
crookedly, to collude; prae before + varicare to straddle, fr. varicus
straddling, varus bent. See Varicose.] 1. To shift or turn from one
side to the other, from the direct course, or from truth; to speak with
equivocation; to shuffle; to quibble; as, he prevaricates in his
statement.

    He prevaricates with his own understanding.


South.

2. (Civil Law) To collude, as where an informer colludes with the
defendant, and makes a sham prosecution.

3. (Eng. Law) To undertake a thing falsely and deceitfully, with the
purpose of defeating or destroying it.

Syn. -- To evade; equivocate; quibble; shuffle. -- Prevaricate, Evade,
Equivocate. One who evades a question ostensibly answers it, but really
turns aside to some other point. He who equivocate uses words which
have a double meaning, so that in one sense he can claim to have said
the truth, though he does in fact deceive, and intends to do it. He who
prevaricates talks all round the question, hoping to "dodge" it, and
disclose nothing.

Pre*var"i*cate, v. t. To evade by a quibble; to transgress; to pervert.
[Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

Pre*var`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. praevaricatio: cf. F. prÈvarication.] 1.
The act of prevaricating, shuffling, or quibbling, to evade the truth
or the disclosure of truth; a deviation from the truth and fair
dealing.

    The august tribunal of the skies, where no prevarication shall
    avail.


Cowper.

2. A secret abuse in the exercise of a public office.

3. (Law) (a) (Roman Law) The collusion of an informer with the
defendant, for the purpose of making a sham prosecution. (b) (Common
Law) A false or deceitful seeming to undertake a thing for the purpose
of defeating or destroying it. Cowell.

Pre*var"i*ca`tor (?), n. [L. praevaricator: cf. F. prÈvaricateur.] 1.
One who prevaricates.

2. (Roman Law) A sham dealer; one who colludes with a defendant in a
sham prosecution.

3. One who betrays or abuses a trust. Prynne.

Preve (?), v. i. & i. To prove. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Preve, n. Proof. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Prev"e*nance (?), n. [F. prÈvenance.] (Metaph.) A going before;
anticipation in sequence or order. "The law of prevenance is simply the
well-known law of phenomenal sequence." Ward.

Prev"e*nan*cy (?), n. The act of anticipating another's wishes,
desires, etc., in the way of favor or courtesy; hence, civility;
obligingness. [Obs.] Sterne.

Pre*vene" (?), v. t. & i. [F. prÈvenir, L. praevenire. See Prevent.] To
come before; to anticipate; hence, to hinder; to prevent. [Obs.]
Philips.

Pre*ven"i*ence (?; 106), n. The act of going before; anticipation. [R.]

Pre*ven"i*ent (?), a. [L. praeveniens, p. pr.] Going before; preceding;
hence, preventive. "Prevenient grace descending." Milton.

Pre*vent" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prevented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Preventing.] [L. praevenire, praeventum; prae before + venire to come.
See Come.] 1. To go before; to precede; hence, to go before as a guide;
to direct. [Obs.]

    We which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not
    prevent them which are asleep.


1 Thess. iv. 15.

    We pray thee that thy grace may always prevent and follow us.


Bk. of Common Prayer.

    Then had I come, preventing Sheba's queen.


Prior.

2. To be beforehand with; to anticipate. [Obs.]

    Their ready guilt preventing thy commands.


Pope.

3. To intercept; to hinder; to frustrate; to stop; to thwart. "This
vile purpose to prevent." Shak.

    Perhaps forestalling night prevented them.


Milton.

Pre*vent", v. i. To come before the usual time. [Obs.]

    Strawberries . . . will prevent and come early.


Bacon.

Pre*vent`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being preventable.

Pre*vent"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being prevented or hindered; as,
preventable diseases.

Pre*vent"a*tive (?), n. That which prevents; -- incorrectly used
instead of preventive.

Pre*vent"er (?), n. 1. One who goes before; one who forestalls or
anticipates another. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. One who prevents or obstructs; a hinderer; that which hinders; as, a
preventer of evils or of disease.

3. (Naut.) An auxiliary rope to strengthen a mast.

Preventer bolts, or Preventer plates (Naut.), fixtures connected with
preventers to reÎnforce other rigging. -- Preventer stay. (Naut.) Same
as Preventer, 3.

Pre*vent"ing*ly, adv. So as to prevent or hinder.

Pre*ven"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈvention.] 1. The act of going, or state
of being, before. [Obs.]

    The greater the distance, the greater the prevention.


Bacon.

2. Anticipation; esp., anticipation of needs or wishes; hence,
precaution; forethought. [Obs.] Hammond. Shak.

3. The act of preventing or hindering; obstruction of action, access,
or approach; thwarting. South.

    Casca, be sudden, for we fear prevention.


Shak.

4. Prejudice; prepossession. [A Gallicism] Dryden.

Pre*ven"tion*al (?), a. Tending to prevent. [Obs.]

Pre*vent"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈventif.] 1. Going before; preceding.
[Obs.]

    Any previous counsel or preventive understanding.


Cudworth.

2. Tending to defeat or hinder; obviating; preventing the access of;
as, a medicine preventive of disease.

    Physic is either curative or preventive.


Sir T. Browne.

Preventive service, the duty performed by the armed police in guarding
the coast against smuggling. [Eng]

Pre*vent"ive, n. That which prevents, hinders, or obstructs; that which
intercepts access; in medicine, something to prevent disease; a
prophylactic.

Pre*vent"ive*ly, adv. In a preventive manner.

Pre*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated immediately in front, or on
the ventral side, of the vertebral column; prespinal.

Pre"vi*ous (?), a. [L. praevius going before, leading the way; prae
before + via the way. See Voyage.] Going before in time; being or
happening before something else; antecedent; prior; as, previous
arrangements; a previous illness.

    The dull sound . . . previous to the storm, Rolls o'er the
    muttering earth.


Thomson.

Previous question. (Parliamentary Practice) See under Question, and
compare Closure. -- Previous to, before; -- often used adverbially for
previously. "Previous to publication." M. Arnold. "A policy . . . his
friends had advised previous to 1710." J. H. Newman.

Syn. -- Antecedent; preceding; anterior; prior; foregoing; former.

Pre"vi*ous*ly, adv. Beforehand; antecedently; as, a plan previously
formed.

Pre"vi*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being previous; priority or
antecedence in time.

Pre*vise" (?), v. t. [L. praevisus, p. p. of praevidere to foresee;
prae before + videre to see. See Vision.] 1. To foresee. [R.]

2. To inform beforehand; to warn. Ld. Lytton.

Pre*vi"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈvision.] Foresight; foreknowledge;
prescience. H. Spencer.

Pre*voy"ant (?), a. [F. prÈvoyant.] Foreseeing; prescient. [R.] Mrs.
Oliphant.

Pre*warn" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Prewarned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prewarning.] To warn beforehand; to forewarn. [R.]

<! p. 1136 !>

Prey (?), n. [OF. preie, F. proie, L. praeda, probably for praeheda.
See Prehensile, and cf. Depredate, Predatory.] Anything, as goods,
etc., taken or got by violence; anything taken by force from an enemy
in war; spoil; booty; plunder.

    And they brought the captives, and the prey, and the spoil, unto
    Moses, and Eleazar the priest.


Num. xxxi. 12.

2. That which is or may be seized by animals or birds to be devoured;
hence, a person given up as a victim.

    The old lion perisheth for lack of prey.


Job iv. ii.

    Already sees herself the monster's prey.


Dryden.

3. The act of devouring other creatures; ravage.

    Hog in sloth, fox in stealth, . . . lion in prey.


Shak.

Beast of prey, a carnivorous animal; one that feeds on the flesh of
other animals.

Prey (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Preyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Preying.]
[OF. preier, preer, L. praedari, fr. praeda. See Prey, n.] To take
booty; to gather spoil; to ravage; to take food by violence.

    More pity that the eagle should be mewed, While kites and buzzards
    prey at liberty.


Shak.

To prey on or upon. (a) To take prey from; to despoil; to pillage; to
rob. Shak. (b) To seize as prey; to take for food by violence; to seize
and devour. Shak. (c) To wear away gradually; to cause to waste or pine
away; as, the trouble preyed upon his mind. Addison.

Prey"er (?), n. One who, or that which, preys; a plunderer; a waster; a
devourer. Hooker.

Prey"ful (?), a. 1. Disposed to take prey. [Obs.]

    The preyful brood of savage beasts.


Chapman.

2. Rich in prey. [Obs.] Shak.

||Pre*zyg`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Prezygapophyses (#). [NL. See Pre-
||, and Zygapophysis.] (Anat.) An anterior zygapophysis.

Pri"al (?), n. A corruption of pair royal. See under Pair, n.

Pri"an (?), n. [Cornish, clayey ground, from pri clay.] (Mining) A
fine, white, somewhat friable clay; also, the ore contained in a
mixture of clay and pebbles. [Written also pryan.]

Pri`a*pe"an (?), n. [Cf. L. Priapeius pertaining to Priapus.] (Lat.
Pros.) A species of hexameter verse so constructed as to be divisible
into two portions of three feet each, having generally a trochee in the
first and the fourth foot, and an amphimacer in the third; -- applied
also to a regular hexameter verse when so constructed as to be
divisible into two portions of three feet each. Andrews.

Pri"a*pism, n. [L. priapismus, Gr. &?;, from Priapus the god of
procreation, the penis, Gr. &?;: cf. F. priapisme.] (Med.) More or less
permanent erection and rigidity of the penis, with or without sexual
desire.

||Pri*ap`u*la"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Priapism.] (Zoˆl.) A suborder
||of GephyrÊa, having a cylindrical body with a terminal anal opening,
||and usually with one or two caudal gills.

Pric"a*sour (?), n. A hard rider. [Obs.]

Price (?), n. [OE. pris, OF. pris, F. prix, L. pretium; cf. Gr. &?; I
sell &?; to buy, Skr. pa&?; to buy, OI. renim I sell. Cf. Appreciate,
Depreciate, Interpret, Praise, n. & v., Precious, Prize.] 1. The sum or
amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the value which a seller
sets on his goods in market; that for which something is bought or
sold, or offered for sale; equivalent in money or other means of
exchange; current value or rate paid or demanded in market or in
barter; cost. "Buy wine and milk without money and without price." Isa.
lv. 1.

    We can afford no more at such a price.


Shak.

2. Value; estimation; excellence; worth.

    Her price is far above rubies.


Prov. xxxi. 10.

    New treasures still, of countless price.


Keble.

3. Reward; recompense; as, the price of industry.

    'T is the price of toil, The knave deserves it when he tills the
    soil.


Pope.

Price current, or Price list, a statement or list of the prevailing
prices of merchandise, stocks, specie, bills of exchange, etc.,
published statedly or occasionally.

Price, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Priced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pricing.] 1. To
pay the price of. [Obs.]

    With thine own blood to price his blood.


Spenser.

2. To set a price on; to value. See Prize.

3. To ask the price of; as, to price eggs. [Colloq.]

Priced (?), a. Rated in price; valued; as, high-priced goods;
low-priced labor.

Price"ite (?), n. [From Thomas Price of San Francisco.] (Min.) A
hydrous borate of lime, from Oregon.

Price"less, a. 1. Too valuable to admit of being appraised; of
inestimable worth; invaluable.

2. Of no value; worthless. [R.] J. Barlow.

Prick (?), n. [AS. prica, pricca, pricu; akin to LG. prick, pricke, D.
prik, Dan. prik, prikke, Sw. prick. Cf. Prick, v.] 1. That which
pricks, penetrates, or punctures; a sharp and slender thing; a pointed
instrument; a goad; a spur, etc.; a point; a skewer.

    Pins, wooden pricks, nails, sprigs of rosemary.


Shak.

    It is hard for thee to kick against the pricks.


Acts ix. 5.

2. The act of pricking, or the sensation of being pricked; a sharp,
stinging pain; figuratively, remorse. "The pricks of conscience." A.
Tucker.

3. A mark made by a pointed instrument; a puncture; a point. Hence: (a)
A point or mark on the dial, noting the hour. [Obs.] "The prick of
noon." Shak. (b) The point on a target at which an archer aims; the
mark; the pin. "They that shooten nearest the prick." Spenser. (c) A
mark denoting degree; degree; pitch. [Obs.] "To prick of highest praise
forth to advance." Spenser. (d) A mathematical point; -- regularly used
in old English translations of Euclid. (e) The footprint of a hare.
[Obs.]

4. (Naut.) A small roll; as, a prick of spun yarn; a prick of tobacco.

Prick (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pricked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pricking.]
[AS. prician; akin to LG. pricken, D. prikken, Dan. prikke, Sw. pricka.
See Prick, n., and cf. Prink, Prig.] 1. To pierce slightly with a
sharp- pointed instrument or substance; to make a puncture in, or to
make by puncturing; to drive a fine point into; as, to prick one with a
pin, needle, etc.; to prick a card; to prick holes in paper.

2. To fix by the point; to attach or hang by puncturing; as, to prick a
knife into a board. Sir I. Newton.

    The cooks prick it [a slice] on a prong of iron.


Sandys.

3. To mark or denote by a puncture; to designate by pricking; to
choose; to mark; -- sometimes with off.

    Some who are pricked for sheriffs.


Bacon.

    Let the soldiers for duty be carefully pricked off.


Sir W. Scott.

    Those many, then, shall die: their names are pricked.


Shak.

4. To mark the outline of by puncturing; to trace or form by pricking;
to mark by punctured dots; as, to prick a pattern for embroidery; to
prick the notes of a musical composition. Cowper.

5. To ride or guide with spurs; to spur; to goad; to incite; to urge
on; -- sometimes with on, or off.

    Who pricketh his blind horse over the fallows.


Chaucer.

    The season pricketh every gentle heart.


Chaucer.

    My duty pricks me on to utter that.


Shak.

6. To affect with sharp pain; to sting, as with remorse. "I was pricked
with some reproof." Tennyson.

    Now when they heard this, they were pricked in their heart.


Acts ii. 37.

7. To make sharp; to erect into a point; to raise, as something
pointed; -- said especially of the ears of an animal, as a horse or
dog; and usually followed by up; -- hence, to prick up the ears, to
listen sharply; to have the attention and interest strongly engaged.
"The courser . . . pricks up his ears." Dryden.

8. To render acid or pungent. [Obs.] Hudibras.

9. To dress; to prink; -- usually with up. [Obs.]

10. (Naut) (a) To run a middle seam through, as the cloth of a sail.
(b) To trace on a chart, as a ship's course.

11. (Far.) (a) To drive a nail into (a horse's foot), so as to cause
lameness. (b) To nick.

Prick, v. i. 1. To be punctured; to suffer or feel a sharp pain, as by
puncture; as, a sore finger pricks.

2. To spur onward; to ride on horseback. Milton.

    A gentle knight was pricking on the plain.


Spenser.

3. To become sharp or acid; to turn sour, as wine.

4. To aim at a point or mark. Hawkins.

Prick"-eared` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having erect, pointed ears; -- said of
certain dogs.

    Thou prick-eared cur of Iceland.


Shak.

Prick"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, pricks; a pointed
instrument; a sharp point; a prickle.

2. One who spurs forward; a light horseman.

    The prickers, who rode foremost, . . . halted.


Sir W. Scott.

3. A priming wire; a priming needle, -- used in blasting and gunnery.
Knight.

4. (Naut.) A small marline spike having generally a wooden handle, --
used in sailmaking. R. H. Dana, Ir.

Prick"et (?), n. [Perhaps so called from the state of his horns. See
Prick, and cf. Brocket.] (Zoˆl.) A buck in his second year. See Note
under 3d Buck. Shak.

Prick"ing, n. 1. The act of piercing or puncturing with a sharp point.
"There is that speaketh like the prickings of a sword." Prov. xii. 18
[1583].

2. (Far.) (a) The driving of a nail into a horse's foot so as to
produce lameness. (b) Same as Nicking.

3. A sensation of being pricked. Shak.

4. The mark or trace left by a hare's foot; a prick; also, the act of
tracing a hare by its footmarks. [Obs.]

5. Dressing one's self for show; prinking. [Obs.]

Prick"ing-up (?), n. (Arch.) The first coating of plaster in work of
three coats upon laths. Its surface is scratched once to form a better
key for the next coat. In the United States called scratch coat. Brande
& C.

Pric"kle (?), n. [AS. pricele, pricle; akin to LG. prickel, D. prikkel.
See Prick, n.] 1. A little prick; a small, sharp point; a fine, sharp
process or projection, as from the skin of an animal, the bark of a
plant, etc.; a spine. Bacon.

2. A kind of willow basket; -- a term still used in some branches of
trade. B. Jonson.

3. A sieve of filberts, -- about fifty pounds. [Eng.]

Pric"kle, v. t. To prick slightly, as with prickles, or fine, sharp
points.

    Felt a horror over me creep, Prickle skin, and catch my breath.


Tennyson.

{ Pric"kle*back` (?), Pric"kle*fish` (?), } n. (Zoˆl.) The stickleback.

Prick"li*ness (?), n. [From Prickly.] The quality of being prickly, or
of having many prickles.

Prick"ling (?), a. Prickly. [Obs.] Spenser.

Prick"louse` (?), n. A tailor; -- so called in contempt. [Old slang]
L'Estrange.

Prick"ly, a. Full of sharp points or prickles; armed or covered with
prickles; as, a prickly shrub.

Prickly ash (Bot.), a prickly shrub (Xanthoxylum Americanum) with
yellowish flowers appearing with the leaves. All parts of the plant are
pungent and aromatic. The southern species is X. Carolinianum. Gray. --
Prickly heat (Med.), a noncontagious cutaneous eruption of red pimples,
attended with intense itching and tingling of the parts affected. It is
due to inflammation of the sweat glands, and is often brought on by
overheating the skin in hot weather. -- Prickly pear (Bot.), a name
given to several plants of the cactaceous genus Opuntia, American
plants consisting of fleshy, leafless, usually flattened, and often
prickly joints inserted upon each other. The sessile flowers have many
petals and numerous stamens. The edible fruit is a large pear-shaped
berry containing many flattish seeds. The common species of the
Northern Atlantic States is Opuntia vulgaris. In the South and West are
many others, and in tropical America more than a hundred more. O.
vulgaris, O. Ficus-Indica, and O. Tuna are abundantly introduced in the
Mediterranean region, and O. Dillenii has become common in India. --
Prickly pole (Bot.), a West Indian palm (Bactris Plumierana), the
slender trunk of which bears many rings of long black prickles. --
Prickly withe (Bot.), a West Indian cactaceous plant (Cereus
triangularis) having prickly, slender, climbing, triangular stems. --
Prickly rat (Zoˆl.), any one of several species of South American
burrowing rodents belonging to Ctenomys and allied genera. The hair is
usually intermingled with sharp spines.

Prick"mad`am (?), n. [F. trique- madame. Cf. Tripmadam.] (Bot.) A name
given to several species of stonecrop, used as ingredients of vermifuge
medicines. See Stonecrop.

Prick"punch` (?), n. A pointed steel punch, to prick a mark on metal.

Prick"shaft` (?), n. An arrow. [Obs.]

Prick"song` (?; 115), n. [See Prick, v. t., 4.] Music written, or
noted, with dots or points; -- so called from the points or dots with
which it is noted down. [Obs.]

    He fights as you sing pricksong.


Shak.

Prick"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A shrub (Euonymus EuropÊus); -- so named
from the use of its wood for goads, skewers, and shoe pegs. Called also
spindle tree.

Prick"y (?), a. Stiff and sharp; prickly. Holland.

Pride (?), n. [Cf. AS. lamprede, LL. lampreda, E. lamprey.] (Zoˆl.) A
small European lamprey (Petromyzon branchialis); -- called also prid,
and sandpiper.

Pride, n. [AS. prte; akin to Icel. pri honor, ornament, pr&?;&?;a to
adorn, Dan. pryde, Sw. pryda; cf. W. prydus comely. See Proud.] 1. The
quality or state of being proud; inordinate self-esteem; an
unreasonable conceit of one's own superiority in talents, beauty,
wealth, rank, etc., which manifests itself in lofty airs, distance,
reserve, and often in contempt of others.

    Those that walk in pride he is able to abase.


Dan. iv. 37.

    Pride that dines on vanity sups on contempt.


Franklin.

2. A sense of one's own worth, and abhorrence of what is beneath or
unworthy of one; lofty self-respect; noble self- esteem; elevation of
character; dignified bearing; proud delight; -- in a good sense.

    Thus to relieve the wretched was his pride.


Goldsmith.

    A people which takes no pride in the noble achievements of remote
    ancestors will never achieve anything worthy to be remembered with
    pride by remote descendants.


Macaulay.

3. Proud or disdainful behavior or treatment; insolence or arrogance of
demeanor; haughty bearing and conduct; insolent exultation; disdain.

    Let not the foot of pride come against me.


Ps. xxxvi. 11.

    That hardly we escaped the pride of France.


Shak.

4. That of which one is proud; that which excites boasting or
self-gratulation; the occasion or ground of self- esteem, or of
arrogant and presumptuous confidence, as beauty, ornament, noble
character, children, etc.

    Lofty trees yclad with summer's pride.


Spenser.

    I will cut off the pride of the Philistines.


Zech. ix. 6.

    A bold peasantry, their country's pride.


Goldsmith.

5. Show; ostentation; glory.

    Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war.


Shak.

6. Highest pitch; elevation reached; loftiness; prime; glory; as, to be
in the pride of one's life.

    A falcon, towering in her pride of place.


Shak.

7. Consciousness of power; fullness of animal spirits; mettle;
wantonness; hence, lust; sexual desire; esp., an excitement of sexual
appetite in a female beast. [Obs.]

Pride of India, or Pride of China. (Bot.) See Margosa. -- Pride of the
desert (Zoˆl.), the camel.

Syn. -- Self-exaltation; conceit; hauteur; haughtiness; lordliness;
loftiness. -- Pride, Vanity. Pride is a high or an excessive esteem of
one's self for some real or imagined superiority, as rank, wealth,
talents, character, etc. Vanity is the love of being admired, praised,
exalted, etc., by others. Vanity is an ostentation of pride; but one
may have great pride without displaying it. Vanity, which is
etymologically "emptiness," is applied especially to the exhibition of
pride in superficialities, as beauty, dress, wealth, etc.

Pride, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prided; p. pr. & vb. n. Priding.] To indulge
in pride, or self-esteem; to rate highly; to plume; -- used
reflexively. Bp. Hall.

    Pluming and priding himself in all his services.


South.

Pride, v. i. To be proud; to glory. [R.]

Pride"ful (?), a. Full of pride; haughty. Tennyson.

-- Pride"ful*ly, adv. -- Pride"ful- ness, n.

Pride"less, a. Without pride. Chaucer.

Prid"i*an (?), a. [L. pridianus.] Of or pertaining to the day before,
or yesterday. [R.] Thackeray.

Prid"ing*ly (?), adv. Proudly. [Obs.]

Prie (?), n. (Bot.) The plant privet. [Obs.] Tusser.

Prie, v. i. To pry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pried (?), imp. & p. p. of Pry.

Prie`dieu" (?), n. [F., literally, pray God.] A kneeling desk for
prayers.

Prief (?), n. Proof. [Obs.] Spenser. Lydgate.

Pri"er (?), n. [From Pry.] One who pries; one who inquires narrowly and
searches, or is inquisitive.

    So pragmatical a prier he is into divine secrets.


Fuller.

Priest (?), n. [OE. prest, preost, AS. preÛst, fr. L. presbyter, Gr.
&?; elder, older, n., an elder, compar. of &?; an old man, the first
syllable of which is probably akin to L. pristinus. Cf. Pristine,
Presbyter.]

<! p. 1137 !>

1. (Christian Church) A presbyter elder; a minister; specifically: (a)
(R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.) One who is authorized to consecrate the host and
to say Mass; but especially, one of the lowest order possessing this
power. Murdock. (b) (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.) A presbyter; one
who belongs to the intermediate order between bishop and deacon. He is
authorized to perform all ministerial services except those of
ordination and confirmation.

2. One who officiates at the altar, or performs the rites of sacrifice;
one who acts as a mediator between men and the divinity or the gods in
any form of religion; as, Buddhist priests. "The priests of Dagon." 1
Sam. v. 5.

    Then the priest of Jupiter . . . brought oxen and garlands . . .
    and would have done sacrifice with the people.


Acts xiv. 13.

    Every priest taken from among men is ordained for men in things
    pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for
    sins.


Heb. v. 1.

In the New Testament presbyters are not called priests; but Christ is
designated as a priest, and as a high priest, and all Christians are
designated priests.

Priest (?), v. t. To ordain as priest.

Priest"cap` (?), n. (Fort.) A form of redan, so named from its shape;
-- called also swallowtail.

Priest"craft` (?), n. Priestly policy; the policy of a priesthood;
esp., in an ill sense, fraud or imposition in religious concerns;
management by priests to gain wealth and power by working upon the
religious motives or credulity of others.

    It is better that men should be governed by priestcraft than by
    violence.


Macaulay.

Priest"er*y (?), n. Priests, collectively; the priesthood; -- so called
in contempt. [R.] Milton.

Priest"ess, n. A woman who officiated in sacred rites among pagans.
Abp. Potter.

Priest"hood (?), n. 1. The office or character of a priest; the
priestly function. Bk. of Com. Prayer.

2. Priests, taken collectively; the order of men set apart for sacred
offices; the order of priests.

Priest"ing, n. The office of a priest. [Obs.] Milton.

Priest"ism (?), n. The influence, doctrines, principles, etc., of
priests or the priesthood. [R.]

Priest"less, a. Without a priest. Pope.

Priest"like` (?), a. Priestly. B. Jonson.

Priest"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being priestly. R.
Browning.

Priest"ly, a. Of or pertaining to a priest or the priesthood;
sacerdotal; befitting or becoming a priest; as, the priestly office; a
priestly farewell. Shak.

Priest"-rid`den (?), a. Controlled or oppressed by priests; as, a
priest-ridden people. Swift.

Prieve (?), v. t. To prove. [Obs. or Scot.]

Prig (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prigging
(?).] [A modification of prick.] To haggle about the price of a
commodity; to bargain hard. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Prig, v. t. 1. To cheapen. [Scot.]

2. [Perhaps orig., to ride off with. See Prick, v. t.] To filch or
steal; as, to prig a handkerchief. [Cant]

Prig, n. 1. A pert, conceited, pragmatical fellow.

    The queer prig of a doctor.


Macaulay.

2. A thief; a filcher. [Cant] Shak.

Prig"ger*y (?), n. Priggism.

Prig"gish (?), a. Like a prig; conceited; pragmatical. -- Prig"gish*ly,
adv. -- Prig"gish-ness, n.

Prig"gism (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being priggish; the
manners of a prig. Ed. Rev.

2. Roguery; thievery. [Obs.] Fielding.

Prigh"te (?), obs. imp. of Prick. Chaucer.

Prill (?), n. [Cf. Brill.] (Zoˆl.) The brill.

Prill, v. i. To flow. [Obs.] Stow.

Prill, n. A stream. [Obs.] Davies (Microcosmos).

Prill, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] 1. (Mining) (a) A nugget of virgin
metal. (b) Ore selected for excellence.

2. The button of metal from an assay.

Pril"lion (?), n. Tin extracted from the slag.

Prim (?), n. [See Privet.] (Bot) The privet.

Prim, a. [OF. prim, prin, prime, first, principal. sharp, thin,
piercing, fr. L. primus first. See Prime, a.] Formal; precise;
affectedly neat or nice; as, prim regularity; a prim person. Swift.

Prim, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Primmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Primming.] To
deck with great nicety; to arrange with affected preciseness; to prink.

Prim, v. i. To dress or act smartly. [R.]

Pri"ma*cy (?), n. [LL. primatia, fr. L. primas, -atis, one of the first
or principal, chief, fr. primus first: cf. F. primatie. See Prime, a.]
1. The state or condition of being prime or first, as in time, place,
rank, etc., hence, excellency; supremacy. [R.] De Quincey.

2. The office, rank, or character of a primate; the chief
ecclesiastical station or dignity in a national church; the office or
dignity of an archbishop; as, the primacy of England.

||Pri"ma don"na (?); pl. E. Prima donnas (#), It. Prime (#) Donne (#).
||[It., fr. primo, prima, the first + donna lady, mistress. See Prime,
||a., and Donna.] The first or chief female singer in an opera.

||Pri"ma fa"ci*e (?). [L., from abl. of primus first + abl. of facies
||appearance.] At first view; on the first appearance.

Prima facie evidence (of a fact) (Law), evidence which is sufficient to
establish the fact unless rebutted. Bouvier.

Pri"mage (?; 48), n. [F.] (Com.) A charge in addition to the freight;
originally, a gratuity to the captain for his particular care of the
goods (sometimes called hat money), but now belonging to the owners or
freighters of the vessel, unless by special agreement the whole or part
is assigned to the captain. Homans.

Pri"mal (?), a. [LL. primalis, fr. L. primus the first. See Prime, a.]
First; primary; original; chief.

    It hath the primal eldest curse upon it.


Shak.

    The primal duties shine aloft like stars.


Wordsworth.

Pri*mal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being primal. [Obs.]

Pri"ma*ri*ly (?), adv. In a primary manner; in the first place; in the
first place; in the first intention; originally.

Pri"ma*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being primary, or first in
time, in act, or in intention. Norris.

Pri"ma*ry (?), a. [L. primarius, fr. primus first: cf. F. primaire. See
Prime, a., and cf. Premier, Primero.] 1. First in order of time or
development or in intention; primitive; fundamental; original.

    The church of Christ, in its primary institution.


Bp. Pearson.

    These I call original, or primary, qualities of body.


Locke.

2. First in order, as being preparatory to something higher; as,
primary assemblies; primary schools.

3. First in dignity or importance; chief; principal; as, primary
planets; a matter of primary importance.

4. (Geol.) Earliest formed; fundamental.

5. (Chem.) Illustrating, possessing, or characterized by, some quality
or property in the first degree; having undergone the first stage of
substitution or replacement.

Primary alcohol (Organic Chem.), any alcohol which possess the group
CH2.OH, and can be oxidized so as to form a corresponding aldehyde and
acid having the same number of carbon atoms; -- distinguished from
secondary &and; tertiary alcohols. -- Primary amine (Chem.), an amine
containing the amido group, or a derivative of ammonia in which only
one atom of hydrogen has been replaced by a basic radical; --
distinguished from secondary &and; tertiary amines. -- Primary
amputation (Surg.), an amputation for injury performed as soon as the
shock due to the injury has passed away, and before symptoms of
inflammation supervene. -- Primary axis (Bot.), the main stalk which
bears a whole cluster of flowers. -- Primary colors. See under Color.
-- Primary meeting, a meeting of citizens at which the first steps are
taken towards the nomination of candidates, etc. See Caucus. -- Primary
pinna (Bot.), one of those portions of a compound leaf or frond which
branch off directly from the main rhachis or stem, whether simple or
compounded. -- Primary planets. (Astron.) See the Note under Planet. --
Primary qualities of bodies, such are essential to and inseparable from
them. -- Primary quills (Zoˆl.), the largest feathers of the wing of a
bird; primaries. -- Primary rocks (Geol.), a term early used for rocks
supposed to have been first formed, being crystalline and containing no
organic remains, as granite, gneiss, etc.; -- called also primitive
rocks. The terms Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary rocks have also
been used in like manner, but of these the last two only are now in
use. -- Primary salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a polybasic acid in
which only one acid hydrogen atom has been replaced by a base or basic
radical. -- Primary syphilis (Med.), the initial stage of syphilis,
including the period from the development of the original lesion or
chancre to the first manifestation of symptoms indicative of general
constitutional infection. -- Primary union (Surg.), union without
suppuration; union by the first intention.

Pri"ma*ry, n.; pl. Primaries (&?;). 1. That which stands first in
order, rank, or importance; a chief matter.

2. A primary meeting; a caucus.

3. (Zoˆl.) One of the large feathers on the distal joint of a bird's
wing. See Plumage, and Illust. of Bird.

4. (Astron.) A primary planet; the brighter component of a double star.
See under Planet.

Pri"mate (?), n. [OE. primat, F. primat, L. primas, -atis one of the
first, chief, fr. primus the first. See Prime, a.] 1. The chief
ecclesiastic in a national church; one who presides over other bishops
in a province; an archbishop.

2. (Zoˆl.) One of the Primates.

||Pri*ma"tes (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) The highest order of mammals. It
||includes man, together with the apes and monkeys. Cf. Pitheci.

Pri"mate*ship (?), n. The office, dignity, or position of a primate;
primacy.

Pri*ma"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. primatial.] Primatical. [R.] D'Anville
(Trans. ).

Pri*mat"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a primate. Barrow.

Prime (?), a. [F., fr. L. primus first, a superl. corresponding to the
compar. prior former. See Prior, a., Foremost, Former, and cf. Prim,
a., Primary, Prince.] 1. First in order of time; original; primeval;
primitive; primary. "Prime forests." Tennyson.

    She was not the prime cause, but I myself.


Milton.

In this sense the word is nearly superseded by primitive, except in the
phrase prime cost.

2. First in rank, degree, dignity, authority, or importance; as, prime
minister. "Prime virtues." Dryden.

3. First in excellence; of highest quality; as, prime wheat; a prime
quality of cloth.

4. Early; blooming; being in the first stage. [Poetic]

    His starry helm, unbuckled, showed him prime In manhood where youth
    ended.


Milton.

5. Lecherous; lustful; lewd. [Obs.] Shak.

6. Marked or distinguished by a mark (&prime;) called a prime mark.

Prime and ultimate ratio. (Math.). See Ultimate. -- Prime conductor.
(Elec.) See under Conductor. -- Prime factor (Arith.), a factor which
is a prime number. -- Prime figure (Geom.), a figure which can not be
divided into any other figure more simple than itself, as a triangle, a
pyramid, etc. -- Prime meridian (Astron.), the meridian from which
longitude is reckoned, as the meridian of Greenwich or Washington. --
Prime minister, the responsible head of a ministry or executive
government; applied particularly to that of England. -- Prime mover.
(Mech.) (a) A natural agency applied by man to the production of power.
Especially: Muscular force; the weight and motion of fluids, as water
and air; heat obtained by chemical combination, and applied to produce
changes in the volume and pressure of steam, air, or other fluids; and
electricity, obtained by chemical action, and applied to produce
alternation of magnetic force. (b) An engine, or machine, the object of
which is to receive and modify force and motion as supplied by some
natural source, and apply them to drive other machines; as a water
wheel, a water-pressure engine, a steam engine, a hot-air engine, etc.
(c) Fig.: The original or the most effective force in any undertaking
or work; as, Clarkson was the prime mover in English antislavery
agitation. -- Prime number (Arith.), a number which is exactly
divisible by no number except itself or unity, as 5, 7, 11. -- Prime
vertical (Astron.), the vertical circle which passes through the east
and west points of the horizon. -- Prime-vertical dial, a dial in which
the shadow is projected on the plane of the prime vertical. --
Prime-vertical transit instrument, a transit instrument the telescope
of which revolves in the plane of the prime vertical, -- used for
observing the transit of stars over this circle.

Prime (?), n. 1. The first part; the earliest stage; the beginning or
opening, as of the day, the year, etc.; hence, the dawn; the spring.
Chaucer.

    In the very prime of the world.


Hooker.

    Hope waits upon the flowery prime.


Waller.

2. The spring of life; youth; hence, full health, strength, or beauty;
perfection. "Cut off in their prime." Eustace. "The prime of youth."
Dryden.

3. That which is first in quantity; the most excellent portion; the
best part.

    Give him always of the prime.


Swift.

4. [F. prime, LL. prima (sc. hora). See Prime, a.] The morning;
specifically (R. C. Ch.), the first canonical hour, succeeding to
lauds.

    Early and late it rung, at evening and at prime.


Spenser.

Originally, prime denoted the first quarter of the artificial day,
reckoned from 6 a. m. to 6 p. m. Afterwards, it denoted the end of the
first quarter, that is, 9 a. m. Specifically, it denoted the first
canonical hour, as now. Chaucer uses it in all these senses, and also
in the sense of def. 1, above.

    They sleep till that it was pryme large.


Chaucer.

5. (Fencing) The first of the chief guards.

6. (Chem.) Any number expressing the combining weight or equivalent of
any particular element; -- so called because these numbers were
respectively reduced to their lowest relative terms on the fixed
standard of hydrogen as 1. [Obs. or Archaic]

7. (Arith.) A prime number. See under Prime, a.

8. An inch, as composed of twelve seconds in the duodecimal system; --
denoted by [&prime;]. See 2d Inch, n., 1.

Prime of the moon, the new moon at its first appearance.

Prime, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Primed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Priming.] [From
Prime, a.] 1. To apply priming to, as a musket or a cannon; to apply a
primer to, as a metallic cartridge.

2. To lay the first color, coating, or preparation upon (a surface), as
in painting; as, to prime a canvas, a wall.

3. To prepare; to make ready; to instruct beforehand; to post; to
coach; as, to prime a witness; the boys are primed for mischief.
[Colloq.] Thackeray.

4. To trim or prune, as trees. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

5. (Math.) To mark with a prime mark.

To prime a pump, to charge a pump with water, in order to put it in
working condition.

Prime, v. i. 1. To be renewed, or as at first. [Obs.]

    Night's bashful empress, though she often wane, As oft repeats her
    darkness, primes again.


Quarles.

2. To serve as priming for the charge of a gun.

3. To work so that foaming occurs from too violent ebullition, which
causes water to become mixed with, and be carried along with, the steam
that is formed; -- said of a steam boiler.

Prime"ly, adv. 1. At first; primarily. [Obs.] South.

2. In a prime manner; excellently.

Prime"ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being first.

2. The quality or state of being prime, or excellent.

Prim"er (?), n. One who, or that which, primes; specifically, an
instrument or device for priming; esp., a cap, tube, or water
containing percussion powder or other compound for igniting a charge of
gunpowder.

Prim"er, a. [OF. primer, primier, premier, F. premier. See Premier.]
First; original; primary. [Obs.] "The primer English kings." Drayton.

Primer fine (O. Eng. Law), a fine due to the king on the writ or
commencement of a suit by fine. Blackstone. -- Primer seizin (Feudal
Law), the right of the king, when a tenant in capite died seized of a
knight's fee, to receive of the heir, if of full age, one year's
profits of the land if in possession, and half a year's profits if the
land was in reversion expectant on an estate for life; -- now
abolished. Blackstone.

Prim"er (?), n. [Originally, the book read at prime, the first
canonical hour. LL. primae liber. See Prime, n., 4.] 1. Originally, a
small prayer book for church service, containing the little office of
the Virgin Mary; also, a work of elementary religious instruction.

    The primer, or office of the Blessed Virgin.


Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. A small elementary book for teaching children to read; a reading or
spelling book for a beginner.

    As he sat in the school at his prymer.


Chaucer.

3. (Print.) A kind of type, of which there are two species; one, called
long primer, intermediate in size between bourgeois and small pica [see
Long primer]; the other, called great primer, larger than pica.

Great primer type.

Pri*me"ro (?), n. [Sp. primera, fr. primero first, from L. primarius.
See Premier.] A game at cards, now unknown. Shak.

Prim"er*ole (?), n. (Bot.) See Primrose. [Obs.] "She was a primerole."
Chaucer.

Pri*me"val (?), a. [L. primaevus; primus first + aevum age. See Prime,
a., and Age.] Belonging to the first ages; pristine; original;
primitive; primary; as, the primeval innocence of man. "This is the
forest primeval." Longfellow.

    From chaos, and primeval darkness, came Light.


Keats.

Pri*me"val*ly, adv. In a primeval manner; in or from the earliest
times; originally. Darwin.

Pri*me"vous, a. Primeval. [Obs.]

<! p. 1138 !>

Pri`mi*ge"ni*al (?), a. First born, or first of all; original; primary.
See Primogenial.

{ Pri`mi*ge"ni*ous (?), Pri*mig"e*nous (?), } a. [L. primigenus,
primigenius. See Primogeniture.] First formed or generated; original;
primigenial. Bp. Hall.

Pri"mine (?), n. [L. primus first: cf. F. primine.] (Bot.) The
outermost of the two integuments of an ovule.

This word has been used by some writers to denote the inner integument,
which is formed earlier than the outer. Cf. Secundine.

Prim"ing (?), n. 1. The powder or other combustible used to communicate
fire to a charge of gunpowder, as in a firearm.

2. (Paint.) The first coating of color, size, or the like, laid on
canvas, or on a building, or other surface.

3. (Steam Eng.) The carrying over of water, with the steam, from the
boiler, as into the cylinder.

Priming of the tide. See Lag of the tide, under 2d Lag. -- Priming
tube, a small pipe, filled with a combustible composition for firing
cannon. -- Priming valve (Steam Eng.), a spring safety valve applied to
the cylinder of a steam engine for discharging water carried into the
cylinder by priming. -- Priming wire, a pointed wire used to penetrate
the vent of a piece, for piercing the cartridge before priming.

||Pri*mip"a*ra (?), n. [L., fr. primus first + parere to bring forth.]
||(Med.) A woman who bears a child for the first time.

Pri*mip"a*rous (?), a. [See Primipara.] Belonging to a first birth;
bearing young for the first time.

Pri*mip"i*lar (?), a. [L. primipilaris, fr. primipilus the centurion of
the first cohort of a Roman legion, fr. primus pilus the division made
up of the triarii in the Roman army.] Of or pertaining to the captain
of the vanguard of a Roman army. Barrow.

||Pri*mi"ti*a (?), n.; pl. PrimitiÊ (#) (Primitias (#), obs.). [L.
||primitiae, pl., fr. primus first. Cf. Premices.] (Eng. Law) The first
||fruit; the first year's whole profit of an ecclesiastical preferment.

    The primitias of your parsonage.


Spenser.

Pri*mi"tial (?), a. Being of the first production; primitive; original.
[Obs.] Ainsworth.

Prim"i*tive (?), a. [L. primitivus, fr. primus the first: cf. F.
primitif. See Prime, a.] 1. Of or pertaining to the beginning or
origin, or to early times; original; primordial; primeval; first; as,
primitive innocence; the primitive church. "Our primitive great sire."
Milton.

2. Of or pertaining to a former time; old- fashioned; characterized by
simplicity; as, a primitive style of dress.

3. Original; primary; radical; not derived; as, primitive verb in
grammar.

Primitive axes of coˆrdinate (Geom.), that system of axes to which the
points of a magnitude are first referred, with reference to a second
set or system, to which they are afterward referred. -- Primitive chord
(Mus.), that chord, the lowest note of which is of the same literal
denomination as the fundamental base of the harmony; -- opposed to
derivative. Moore (Encyc. of Music). -- Primitive circle (Spherical
Projection), the circle cut from the sphere to be projected, by the
primitive plane. -- Primitive colors (Paint.), primary colors. See
under Color. -- Primitive Fathers (Eccl.), the acknowledged Christian
writers who flourished before the Council of Nice, A. D. 325. Shipley.
-- Primitive groove (Anat.), a depression or groove in the epiblast of
the primitive streak. It is not connected with the medullary groove,
which appears later and in front of it. -- Primitive plane (Spherical
Projection), the plane upon which the projections are made, generally
coinciding with some principal circle of the sphere, as the equator or
a meridian. -- Primitive rocks (Geol.), primary rocks. See under
Primary. -- Primitive sheath. (Anat.) See Neurilemma. -- Primitive
streak or trace (Anat.), an opaque and thickened band where the
mesoblast first appears in the vertebrate blastoderm.

Syn. -- First; original; radical; pristine; ancient; primeval;
antiquated; old-fashioned.

Prim"i*tive, n. An original or primary word; a word not derived from
another; -- opposed to derivative.

Prim"i*tive*ly, adv. 1. Originally; at first.

2. Primarily; not derivatively.

3. According to the original rule or ancient practice; in the ancient
style. South.

Prim"i*tive*ness, n. The quality or state of being primitive;
conformity to primitive style or practice.

Prim"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being first; primitiveness. [Obs.] Bp.
Pearson.

Prim"ly, adv. In a prim or precise manner.

Prim"ness, n. The quality or state of being prim; affected formality or
niceness; preciseness; stiffness.

||Pri"mo (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) First; chief.

Pri`mo*ge"ni*al (?), a. [See Primigenial.] First born, made, or
generated; original; primary; elemental; as, primogenial light.
Glanvill.

Pri`mo*gen"i*tive (?), a. [See Primogeniture.] Of or pertaining to
primogeniture. [R.]

Pri`mo*gen"i*tive, n. Primogeniture. [Obs.]

    The primogenitive and due of birth.


Shak.

Pri`mo*gen"i*tor (?), n. [LL., fr. L. primus first + genitor a
begetter.] The first ancestor; a forefather.

Pri`mo*gen"i*ture (?; 135), n. [LL., fr. L. primus first + genitura a
begetting, birth, generation, fr. genere, gignere, to beget: cf. F.
primogÈniture, L. primogenitus firstborn. See Prime, a., and Genus,
Kin.] 1. The state of being the firstborn of the same parents;
seniority by birth among children of the same family.

2. (Eng. Law) The exclusive right of inheritance which belongs to the
eldest son. Thus in England the right of inheriting the estate of the
father belongs to the eldest son, and in the royal family the eldest
son of the sovereign is entitled to the throne by primogeniture. In
exceptional cases, among the female children, the crown descends by
right of primogeniture to the eldest daughter only and her issue.
Blackstone.

Pri`mo*gen"i*ture*ship (?), n. The state or privileges of the
firstborn. Burke.

Pri*mor"di*al (?), a. [L. primordialis, from primordium the first
beginning; primus first + ordiri to begin a web, to begin: cf. F.
primordial.] 1. First in order; primary; original; of earliest origin;
as, primordial condition. "The primordial facts of our intelligent
nature." Sir W. Hamilton.

2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the lowest beds of the Silurian age,
corresponding to the Acadian and Potsdam periods in American geology.
It is called also Cambrian, and by many geologists is separated from
the Silurian.

3. (Biol.) Originally or earliest formed in the growth of an individual
or organ; as, a primordial leaf; a primordial cell.

Primordial utricle (Bot.), the interior lining of a young vegetable
cell.

Pri*mor"di*al, n. A first principle or element.

Pri*mor"di*al*ism (?), n. Devotion to, or persistence in, conditions of
the primordial state. H. Spencer.

Pri*mor"di*al*ly, adv. At the beginning; under the first order of
things; originally.

Pri*mor"di*an (?), n. [L. primordius first of all, fr. primordium.]
(Bot.) A name given to several kinds of plums; as, red primordian,
amber primordian, etc.

Pri*mor"di*ate (?), a. Primordial. [R.] Boyle.

Primp (?), v. i. & t. [Cf. Prim, a.] To be formal or affected in dress
or manners; -- often with up. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell.

Prim"rose` (?), n. [OE. primerole, F. primerole, a derivative fr. LL.
primula, from L. primus first. See Prime, a.] (Bot.) (a) An early
flowering plant of the genus Primula (P. vulgaris) closely allied to
the cowslip. There are several varieties, as the white-, the red-, the
yellow-flowered, etc. Formerly called also primerole, primerolles. (b)
Any plant of the genus Primula.

Evening primrose, an erect biennial herb (Enothera biennis), with
yellow vespertine flowers, common in the United States. The name is
sometimes extended to other species of the same genus. -- Primrose
peerless, the two-flowered Narcissus (N. biflorus). [Obs.]

Prim"rose`, a. Of or pertaining to the primrose; of the color of a
primrose; -- hence, flowery; gay. "The primrose path of dalliance."
Shak.

||Prim"u*la (?), n. [LL. See Primrose.] (Bot.) The genus of plants
||including the primrose (Primula vera).

Prim`u*la"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to an order of
herbaceous plants (PrimulaceÊ), of which the primrose is the type, and
the pimpernel, the cyclamen, and the water violet are other examples.

||Pri"mum mob"i*le (?). [L., first cause of motion.] (Astron.) In the
||Ptolemaic system, the outermost of the revolving concentric spheres
||constituting the universe, the motion of which was supposed to carry
||with it all the inclosed spheres with their planets in a daily
||revolution from east to west. See Crystalline heavens, under
||Crystalline.

    The motions of the greatest persons in a government ought to be, as
    the motions of the planets, under primum mobile.


Bacon.

||Pri"mus (?), n. [L., the first.] One of the bishops of the Episcopal
||Church of Scotland, who presides at the meetings of the bishops, and
||has certain privileges but no metropolitan authority. Internat. Cyc.

Prim"y (?), a. [From Prime, a.] Being in its prime. [Obs.] "The youth
of primy nature." Shak.

Prince (?), n. [F., from L. princeps, -cipis, the first, chief; primus
first + capere to take. See Prime, a., and Capacious.] 1. The one of
highest rank; one holding the highest place and authority; a sovereign;
a monarch; - - originally applied to either sex, but now rarely applied
to a female. Wyclif (Rev. i. 5).

    Go, Michael, of celestial armies prince.


Milton.

    Queen Elizabeth, a prince admirable above her sex.


Camden.

2. The son of a king or emperor, or the issue of a royal family; as,
princes of the blood. Shak.

3. A title belonging to persons of high rank, differing in different
countries. In England it belongs to dukes, marquises, and earls, but is
given to members of the royal family only. In Italy a prince is
inferior to a duke as a member of a particular order of nobility; in
Spain he is always one of the royal family.

4. The chief of any body of men; one at the head of a class or
profession; one who is preÎminent; as, a merchant prince; a prince of
players. "The prince of learning." Peacham.

Prince-Albert coat, a long double-breasted frock coat for men. --
Prince of the blood, Prince consort, Prince of darkness. See under
Blood, Consort, and Darkness. -- Prince of Wales, the oldest son of the
English sovereign. -- Prince's feather (Bot.), a name given to two
annual herbs (Amarantus caudatus and Polygonum orientale), with
apetalous reddish flowers arranged in long recurved panicled spikes. --
Prince's metal, Prince Rupert's metal. See under Metal. Prince's pine.
(Bot.) See Pipsissewa.

Prince, v. i. To play the prince. [R.] Shak.

Prince"dom (?), n. The jurisdiction, sovereignty, rank, or estate of a
prince.

    Thrones, princedoms, powers, dominions, I reduce.


Milton.

Prince"hood (?), n. Princeliness. [Obs.] E. Hall.

Prince"kin (?), n. A petty prince; a princeling.

    The princekins of private life.


Thackeray.

Prince"less, a. Without a prince. Fuller.

Prince"let (?), n. A petty prince. [R.]

Prince"like` (?), a. Princely. Shak.

Prince"li*ness (?), n. The quality of being princely; the state,
manner, or dignity of a prince.

Prince"ling (?), n. A petty prince; a young prince.

Prince"ly, a. 1. Of or relating to a prince; regal; royal; of highest
rank or authority; as, princely birth, character, fortune, etc.

2. Suitable for, or becoming to, a prince; grand; august; munificent;
magnificent; as, princely virtues; a princely fortune. "Most princely
gifts." Shak.

Prince"ly (?), adv. In a princely manner.

    My appetite was not princely got.


Shak.

Prin"cess (?), n. [F. princesse. See Prince, and cf. Princesse.] 1. A
female prince; a woman having sovereign power, or the rank of a prince.
Dryden.

    So excellent a princess as the present queen.


Swift.

2. The daughter of a sovereign; a female member of a royal family.
Shak.

3. The consort of a prince; as, the princess of Wales.

Princess royal, the eldest daughter of a sovereign.

Prin*cesse" (?), a. [F., a princess.] A term applied to a lady's long,
close-fitting dress made with waist and skirt in one.

Prin"cess*like` (?), a. Like a princess.

Prince"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The wood of two small tropical American
trees (Hamelia ventricosa, and Cordia gerascanthoides). It is brownish,
veined with lighter color.

Prin"ci*fied (?), a. [Prince + L. -ficare (in comp.).] Imitative of a
prince. [R. & Colloq.] Thackeray.

Prin"ci*pal (?), a. [F., from L. principalis. See Prince.] 1. Highest
in rank, authority, character, importance, or degree; most considerable
or important; chief; main; as, the principal officers of a Government;
the principal men of a state; the principal productions of a country;
the principal arguments in a case.

    Wisdom is the principal thing.


Prov. iv. 7.

2. Of or pertaining to a prince; princely. [A Latinism] [Obs.] Spenser.

Principal axis. See Axis of a curve, under Axis. -- Principal axes of a
quadric (Geom.), three lines in which the principal planes of the solid
intersect two and two, as in an ellipsoid. -- Principal challenge.
(Law) See under Challenge. -- Principal plane. See Plane of projection
(a), under Plane. -- Principal of a quadric (Geom.), three planes each
of which is at right angles to the other two, and bisects all chords of
the quadric perpendicular to the plane, as in an ellipsoid. --
Principal point (Persp.), the projection of the point of sight upon the
plane of projection. -- Principal ray (Persp.), the line drawn through
the point of sight perpendicular to the perspective plane. -- Principal
section (Crystallog.), a plane passing through the optical axis of a
crystal.

Prin"ci*pal, n. 1. A leader, chief, or head; one who takes the lead;
one who acts independently, or who has controlling authority or
influence; as, the principal of a faction, a school, a firm, etc.; --
distinguished from a subordinate, abettor, auxiliary, or assistant.

2. Hence: (Law) (a) The chief actor in a crime, or an abettor who is
present at it, -- as distinguished from an accessory. (b) A chief
obligor, promisor, or debtor, -- as distinguished from a surety. (c)
One who employs another to act for him, -- as distinguished from an
agent. Wharton. Bouvier. Burrill.

3. A thing of chief or prime importance; something fundamental or
especially conspicuous. Specifically: (a) (Com.) A capital sum of
money, placed out at interest, due as a debt or used as a fund; -- so
called in distinction from interest or profit. (b) (Arch. & Engin.) The
construction which gives shape and strength to a roof, -- generally a
truss of timber or iron, but there are roofs with stone principals.
Also, loosely, the most important member of a piece of framing. (c)
(Mus.) In English organs the chief open metallic stop, an octave above
the open diapason. On the manual it is four feet long, on the pedal
eight feet. In Germany this term corresponds to the English open
diapason. (d) (O. Eng. Law) A heirloom; a mortuary. Cowell. (e) pl. The
first two long feathers of a hawk's wing. Spenser. J. H. Walsh. (f) One
of turrets or pinnacles of waxwork and tapers with which the posts and
center of a funeral hearse were formerly crowned. Oxf. Gloss. (g) A
principal or essential point or rule; a principle. [Obs.]

Prin`ci*pal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Principalities (#). [L. principalitas
preÎminence, excellence: cf. F. principalitÈ, principautÈ. See
Principal.] 1. Sovereignty; supreme power; hence, superiority;
predominance; high, or the highest, station. Sir P. Sidney.

    Your principalities shall come down, even the crown of your glory.


Jer. xiii. 18.

    The prerogative and principality above everything else.


Jer. Taylor.

2. A prince; one invested with sovereignty. "Next upstood Nisroch, of
principalities the prime." Milton.

3. The territory or jurisdiction of a prince; or the country which
gives title to a prince; as, the principality of Wales.

Prin"ci*pal*ly (?), adv. In a principal manner; primarily; above all;
chiefly; mainly.

Prin"ci*pal*ness, n. The quality of being principal.

Prin"ci*pate (?), n. [L. principatus: cf. F. principat.] Principality;
supreme rule. [Obs.] Barrow.

||Prin*cip"i*a (?), n. pl. [L. principium. See Principle.] First
||principles; fundamental beginnings; elements; as. Newton's Principia.

Prin*cip"i*al (?), a. Elementary. [Obs.] Bacon.

Prin*cip"i*ant (?), a. [L. principians, p. pr. of principiare to begin,
fr. principium. See Principle.] Relating to principles or beginnings.
[R.] Jer. Taylor.

Prin*cip"i*ate (?), v. t. [See Principiant.] To begin; to initiate.
[Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

Prin*cip`i*a"tion (?), n. Analysis into primary or elemental parts.
[Archaic] Bacon.

Prin"ci*ple (?), n. [F. principe, L. principium beginning, foundation,
fr. princeps, - cipis. See Prince.] 1. Beginning; commencement. [Obs.]

    Doubting sad end of principle unsound.


Spenser.

2. A source, or origin; that from which anything proceeds; fundamental
substance or energy; primordial substance; ultimate element, or cause.

<! p. 1139 !>

    The soul of man is an active principle.


Tillotson.

3. An original faculty or endowment.

    Nature in your principles hath set [benignity].


Chaucer.

    Those active principles whose direct and ultimate object is the
    communication either of enjoyment or suffering.


Stewart.

4. A fundamental truth; a comprehensive law or doctrine, from which
others are derived, or on which others are founded; a general truth; an
elementary proposition; a maxim; an axiom; a postulate.

    Therefore, leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us
    go on unto perfection.


Heb. vi. 1.

    A good principle, not rightly understood, may prove as hurtful as a
    bad.


Milton.

5. A settled rule of action; a governing law of conduct; an opinion or
belief which exercises a directing influence on the life and behavior;
a rule (usually, a right rule) of conduct consistently directing one's
actions; as, a person of no principle.

    All kinds of dishonesty destroy our pretenses to an honest
    principle of mind.


Law.

6. (Chem.) Any original inherent constituent which characterizes a
substance, or gives it its essential properties, and which can usually
be separated by analysis; -- applied especially to drugs, plant
extracts, etc.

    Cathartine is the bitter, purgative principle of senna.


Gregory.

Bitter principle, Principle of contradiction, etc. See under Bitter,
Contradiction, etc.

Prin"ci*ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Principled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Principling (?).] To equip with principles; to establish, or fix, in
certain principles; to impress with any tenet, or rule of conduct, good
or ill.

    Governors should be well principled.


L'Estrange.

    Let an enthusiast be principled that he or his teacher is inspired.


Locke.

{ Prin"cock (?), Prin"cox (?), } n. [Prim + cock.] A coxcomb; a pert
boy. [Obs.]

Prink (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prinked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prinking.]
[Probably a nasalized form of prick. See Prick, v. t., and cf. Prig,
Prank.] To dress or adjust one's self for show; to prank.

Prink, v. t. To prank or dress up; to deck fantastically. "And prink
their hair with daisies." Cowper.

Prink"er (?), n. One who prinks.

Prin"prid`dle (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The long-tailed titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Print (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Printed; p. pr. & vb. n. Printing.]
[Abbrev. fr. imprint. See Imprint, and Press to squeeze.] 1. To fix or
impress, as a stamp, mark, character, idea, etc., into or upon
something.

    A look will print a thought that never may remove.


Surrey.

    Upon his breastplate he beholds a dint, Which in that field young
    Edward's sword did print.


Sir John Beaumont.

    Perhaps some footsteps printed in the clay.


Roscommon.

2. To stamp something in or upon; to make an impression or mark upon by
pressure, or as by pressure.

    Forth on his fiery steed betimes he rode, That scarcely prints the
    turf on which he trod.


Dryden.

3. Specifically: To strike off an impression or impressions of, from
type, or from stereotype, electrotype, or engraved plates, or the like;
in a wider sense, to do the typesetting, presswork, etc., of (a book or
other publication); as, to print books, newspapers, pictures; to print
an edition of a book.

4. To stamp or impress with colored figures or patterns; as, to print
calico.

5. (Photog.) To take (a copy, a positive picture, etc.), from a
negative, a transparent drawing, or the like, by the action of light
upon a sensitized surface.

Printed goods, textile fabrics printed in patterns, especially cotton
cloths, or calicoes.

Print, v. i. 1. To use or practice the art of typography; to take
impressions of letters, figures, or electrotypes, engraved plates, or
the like.

2. To publish a book or an article.

    From the moment he prints, he must except to hear no more truth.


Pope.

Print, n. [See Print, v., Imprint, n.] 1. A mark made by impression; a
line, character, figure, or indentation, made by the pressure of one
thing on another; as, the print of teeth or nails in flesh; the print
of the foot in sand or snow.

    Where print of human feet was never seen.


Dryden.

2. A stamp or die for molding or impressing an ornamental design upon
an object; as, a butter print.

3. That which receives an impression, as from a stamp or mold; as, a
print of butter.

4. Printed letters; the impression taken from type, as to excellence,
form, size, etc.; as, small print; large print; this line is in print.

5. That which is produced by printing. Specifically: (a) An impression
taken from anything, as from an engraved plate. "The prints which we
see of antiquities." Dryden. (b) A printed publication, more especially
a newspaper or other periodical. Addison. (c) A printed cloth; a fabric
figured by stamping, especially calico or cotton cloth. (d) A
photographic copy, or positive picture, on prepared paper, as from a
negative, or from a drawing on transparent paper.

6. (Founding) A core print. See under Core.

Blue print, a copy in white lines on a blue ground, of a drawing, plan,
tracing, etc., or a positive picture in blue and white, from a
negative, produced by photographic printing on peculiarly prepared
paper. -- In print. (a) In a printed form; issued from the press;
published. Shak. (b) To the letter; with accurateness. "All this I
speak in print." Shak. -- Out of print. See under Out. -- Print works,
a factory where cloth, as calico, is printed.

Print"a-ble (?), a. Worthy to be published. [R.]

Print"er (?), n. One who prints; especially, one who prints books,
newspapers, engravings, etc., a compositor; a typesetter; a pressman.

Printer's devil, Printer's gauge. See under Devil, and Gauge. --
Printer's ink. See Printing ink, below.

Print"er*y (?), n. A place where cloth is printed; print works; also, a
printing office. [R.]

Print"ing, n. The act, art, or practice of impressing letters,
characters, or figures on paper, cloth, or other material; the business
of a printer, including typesetting and presswork, with their adjuncts;
typography; also, the act of producing photographic prints.

Block printing. See under Block. -- Printing frame (Photog.), a shallow
box, usually having a glass front, in which prints are made by exposure
to light. -- Printing house, a printing office. -- Printing ink, ink
used in printing books, newspapers, etc. It is composed of lampblack or
ivory black mingled with linseed or nut oil, made thick by boiling and
burning. Other ingredients are employed for the finer qualities. Ure.
-- Printing office, a place where books, pamphlets, or newspapers,
etc., are printed. -- Printing paper, paper used in the printing of
books, pamphlets, newspapers, and the like, as distinguished from
writing paper, wrapping paper, etc. -- Printing press, a press for
printing, books, newspaper, handbills, etc. -- Printing wheel, a wheel
with letters or figures on its periphery, used in machines for paging
or numbering, or in ticket-printing machines, typewriters, etc.; a type
wheel.

Print"less, a. Making no imprint. Milton.

Print"less, a. Making no imprint. Milton.

Print"shop`, n. A shop where prints are sold.

Pri"or (?), a. [L. prior former, previous, better, superior; compar.
corresponding to primus first, and pro for. See Former, and cf. Prime,
a., and Pre-, Pro-.] Preceding in the order of time; former;
antecedent; anterior; previous; as, a prior discovery; prior
obligation; -- used elliptically in cases like the following: he lived
alone [in the time] prior to his marriage.

Pri"or, n. [OE. priour, OF. priour, prior, priur, F. prieur, from L.
prior former, superior. See Prior, a.] (Eccl.) The superior of a
priory, and next below an abbot in dignity.

Conventical, or Conventual, prior, a prior who is at the head of his
own house. See the Note under Priory. -- Claustral prior, an official
next in rank to the abbot in a monastery; prior of the cloisters.

Pri"or*ate (?), n. [LL. prioratus: cf. F. priorat.] The dignity,
office, or government, of a prior. T. Warton.

Pri"or*ess, n. [OF. prioresse.] A lady superior of a priory of nuns,
and next in dignity to an abbess.

Pri*or"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. prioritÈ. See Prior, a.] 1. The quality or
state of being prior or antecedent in time, or of preceding something
else; as, priority of application.

2. Precedence; superior rank. Shak.

Priority of debts, a superior claim to payment, or a claim to payment
before others.

Syn. -- Antecedence; precedence; preÎminence.

Pri"or*ly (?), adv. Previously. [R.] Geddes.

Pri"or*ship, n. The state or office of prior; priorate.

Pri"o*ry (?), n.; pl. Priories (#). [Cf. LL. prioria. See Prior, n.] A
religious house presided over by a prior or prioress; -- sometimes an
offshoot of, an subordinate to, an abbey, and called also cell, and
obedience. See Cell, 2.

Of such houses there were two sorts: one where the prior was chosen by
the inmates, and governed as independently as an abbot in an abbey; the
other where the priory was subordinate to an abbey, and the prior was
placed or displaced at the will of the abbot.

Alien priory, a small religious house dependent on a large monastery in
some other country.

Syn. -- See Cloister.

Pris (?), n. See Price, and 1st Prize. [Obs.]

Pris"age (?; 48), n. [OF. prisage a praising, valuing, taxing; cf. LL.
prisagium prisage; or from F. prise a taking, capture, prize. See
Prize.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) A right belonging to the crown of England, of
taking two tuns of wine from every ship importing twenty tuns or more,
-- one before and one behind the mast. By charter of Edward I.
butlerage was substituted for this. Blackstone. (b) The share of
merchandise taken as lawful prize at sea which belongs to the king or
admiral.

Pris*cil"lian*ist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Priscillian,
bishop of Avila in Spain, in the fourth century, who mixed various
elements of Gnosticism and Manicheism with Christianity.

Prise (?), n. An enterprise. [Obs.] Spenser.

Prise, n. & v. See Prize, n., 5. Also Prize, v. t.

Pris"er (?), n. See 1st Prizer. [Obs.]

Prism (prz'm), n. [L. prisma, Gr. pri`sma, fr. pri`zein, pri`ein, to
saw: cf. F. prisme.] 1. (Geom.) A solid whose bases or ends are any
similar, equal, and parallel plane figures, and whose sides are
parallelograms.

Prisms of different forms are often named from the figure of their
bases; as, a triangular prism, a quadrangular prism, a rhombic prism,
etc.

2. (Opt.) A transparent body, with usually three rectangular plane
faces or sides, and two equal and parallel triangular ends or bases; --
used in experiments on refraction, dispersion, etc.

3. (Crystallog.) A form the planes of which are parallel to the
vertical axis. See Form, n., 13.

Achromatic prism (Opt.), a prism composed usually of two prisms of
different transparent substances which have unequal dispersive powers,
as two different kinds of glass, especially flint glass and crown
glass, the difference of dispersive power being compensated by giving
them different refracting angles, so that, when placed together so as
to have opposite relative positions, a ray of light passed through them
is refracted or bent into a new position, but is free from color. --
Nicol's prism, Nicol prism. [So called from Wm. Nicol, of Edinburgh,
who first proposed it.] (Opt.) An instrument for experiments in
polarization, consisting of a rhomb of Iceland spar, which has been
bisected obliquely at a certain angle, and the two parts again joined
with transparent cement, so that the ordinary image produced by double
refraction is thrown out of the field by total reflection from the
internal cemented surface, and the extraordinary, or polarized, image
alone is transmitted.

{ Pris*mat"ic (?), Pris*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. prismatique.] 1.
Resembling, or pertaining to, a prism; as, a prismatic form or
cleavage.

2. Separated or distributed by a prism; formed by a prism; as,
prismatic colors.

3. (Crystallog.) Same as Orthorhombic.

Prismatic borax (Chem.), borax crystallized in the form of oblique
prisms, with ten molecules of water; -- distinguished from octahedral
borax. -- Prismatic colors (Opt.), the seven colors into which light is
resolved when passed through a prism; primary colors. See Primary
colors, under Color. -- Prismatic compass (Surv.), a compass having a
prism for viewing a distant object and the compass card at the same
time. -- Prismatic spectrum (Opt.), the spectrum produced by the
passage of light through a prism.

Pris*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. In the form or manner of a prism; by means of a
prism.

Pris`ma*toid"al (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, prism + -oid: F. prismatoÔde.]
Having a prismlike form. Ure.

Pris"moid (prz"moid), n. [Cf. F. prismtoÔde.] A body that approaches to
the form of a prism.

Pris*moid"al (?), a. Having the form of a prismoid; as, prismoidal
solids.

Pris"my (?), a. Pertaining to a prism. [R.]

Pris"on (?; 277), n. [F., fr. L. prehensio, prensio, a seizing,
arresting, fr. prehendre, prendere, to lay hold of, to seize. See
Prehensile, and cf. Prize, n., Misprision.] 1. A place where persons
are confined, or restrained of personal liberty; hence, a place or
state o&?; confinement, restraint, or safe custody.

    Bring my soul out of prison, that I may praise thy name.


Ps. cxlii. 7.

    The tyrant ∆olus, . . . With power imperial, curbs the struggling
    winds, And sounding tempests in dark prisons binds.


Dryden.

2. Specifically, a building for the safe custody or confinement of
criminals and others committed by lawful authority.

Prison bars, or Prison base. See Base, n., 24. -- Prison breach. (Law)
See Note under 3d Escape, n., 4. -- Prison house, a prison. Shak. --
Prison ship (Naut.), a ship fitted up for the confinement of prisoners.
-- Prison van, a carriage in which prisoners are conveyed to and from
prison.

Pris"on, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prisoning.]
1. To imprison; to shut up in, or as in, a prison; to confine; to
restrain from liberty.

    The prisoned eagle dies for rage.


Sir W. Scott.

    His true respect will prison false desire.


Shak.

2. To bind (together); to enchain. [Obs.]

    Sir William Crispyn with the duke was led Together prisoned.


Robert of Brunne.

Pris"on*er (?), n. [F. prisonnier.] 1. One who is confined in a prison.
Piers Plowman.

2. A person under arrest, or in custody, whether in prison or not; a
person held in involuntary restraint; a captive; as, a prisoner at the
bar of a court. Bouvier.

    Prisoner of Hope thou art, -- look up and sing.


Keble.

Prisoner's base. See Base, n., 24.

Pris"on*ment (?), n. Imprisonment. [Obs.] Shak.

Pris"tin*ate (?), a. Pristine; primitive. [Obs.] "Pristinate idolatry."
Holinshed.

Pris"tine (?), a. [L. pristinus, akin to prior: cf. F. pristin. See
Prior, a.] Belonging to the earliest period or state; original;
primitive; primeval; as, the pristine state of innocence; the pristine
manners of a people; pristine vigor.

Pritch (?), n. [See Prick.] 1. A sharp-pointed instrument; also, an
eelspear. [Prov. Eng.]

2. Pique; offense. [Obs.] D. Rogers.

Pritch"el (?), n. A tool employed by blacksmiths for punching or
enlarging the nail holes in a horseshoe.

Prith"ee (?), interj. A corruption of pray thee; as, I prithee;
generally used without I. Shak.

    What was that scream for, I prithee?


L'Estrange.

    Prithee, tell me, Dimple-chin.


E. C. Stedman.

Prit"tle-prat`tle (?), n. [See Prattle.] Empty talk; trifling
loquacity; prattle; -- used in contempt or ridicule. [Colloq.] Abp.
Bramhall.

Pri"va*cy (?), n.; pl. Privacies (#). [See Private.] 1. The state of
being in retirement from the company or observation of others;
seclusion.

2. A place of seclusion from company or observation; retreat; solitude;
retirement.

    Her sacred privacies all open lie.


Rowe.

3. Concealment of what is said or done. Shak.

4. A private matter; a secret. Fuller.

5. See Privity, 2. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.

Pri*va"do (?), n. [Sp., fr. L. privatus. See Private.] A private
friend; a confidential friend; a confidant. [Obs.] Fuller.

Pri"vate (?; 48), a. [L. privatus apart from the state, peculiar to an
individual, private, properly p. p. of privare to bereave, deprive,
originally, to separate, fr. privus single, private, perhaps
originally, put forward (hence, alone, single) and akin to prae before.
See Prior, a., and cf. Deprive, Privy, a.] 1. Belonging to, or
concerning, an individual person, company, or interest; peculiar to
one's self; unconnected with others; personal; one's own; not public;
not general; separate; as, a man's private opinion; private property; a
private purse; private expenses or interests; a private secretary.

2. Sequestered from company or observation; appropriated to an
individual; secret; secluded; lonely; solitary; as, a private room or
apartment; private prayer.

    Reason . . . then retires Into her private cell when nature rests.


Milton.

<! p. 1140 pr=SKB !>

3. Not invested with, or engaged in, public office or employment; as, a
private citizen; private life. Shak.

    A private person may arrest a felon.


Blackstone.

4. Not publicly known; not open; secret; as, a private negotiation; a
private understanding.

5. Having secret or private knowledge; privy. [Obs.]

Private act or statute, a statute exclusively for the settlement of
private and personal interests, of which courts do not take judicial
notice; -- opposed to a general law, which operates on the whole
community. -- Private nuisance or wrong. See Nuisance. -- Private
soldier. See Private, n., 5. -- Private way, a right of private passage
over another man's ground. Kent.

Pri"vate (pr"vt), n.

1. A secret message; a personal unofficial communication. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Personal interest; particular business.[Obs.]

    Nor must I be unmindful of my private.


B. Jonson.

3. Privacy; retirement. [Archaic] "Go off; I discard you; let me enjoy
my private." Shak.

4. One not invested with a public office. [Archaic]

    What have kings, that privates have not too?


Shak.

5. (Mil.) A common soldier; a soldier below the grade of a
noncommissioned officer. Macaulay.

6. pl. The private parts; the genitals.

In private, secretly; not openly or publicly.

Pri`va*teer" (pr`v*tr"), n. [From Private.] 1. An armed private vessel
which bears the commission of the sovereign power to cruise against the
enemy. See Letters of marque, under Marque.

2. The commander of a privateer.

    Kidd soon threw off the character of a privateer and became a
    pirate.


Macaulay.

Pri`va*teer", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Privateered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Privateering.] To cruise in a privateer.

Pri`va*teer"ing, n. Cruising in a privateer.

Pri`va*teers"man (?), n.; pl. Privateersmen (&?;). An officer or seaman
of a privateer.

Pri"vate*ly (pr"vt*l), adv.

1. In a private manner; not openly; without the presence of others.

2. In a manner affecting an individual; personally; not officially; as,
he is not privately benefited.

Pri"vate*ness, n.

1. Seclusion from company or society; retirement; privacy; secrecy.
Bacon.

2. The state of one not invested with public office.

Pri*va"tion (pr*v"shn), n. [L. privatio: cf. F. privation. See
Private.] 1. The act of depriving, or taking away; hence, the depriving
of rank or office; degradation in rank; deprivation. Bacon.

2. The state of being deprived or destitute of something, especially of
something required or desired; destitution; need; as, to undergo severe
privations.

3. The condition of being absent; absence; negation.

    Evil will be known by consequence, as being only a privation, or
    absence, of good.


South.

    Privation mere of light and absent day.


Milton.

Priv"a*tive (?), a. [L. privativus: cf. F. privatif. See Private.] 1.
Causing privation; depriving.

2. Consisting in the absence of something; not positive; negative.

    Privative blessings, blessings of immunity, safeguard, liberty, and
    integrity.


Jer. Taylor.

3. (Gram.) Implying privation or negation; giving a negative force to a
word; as, alpha privative; privative particles; -- applied to such
prefixes and suffixes as a- (Gr. &?;), un-, non-, -less.

Priv"a*tive, n.

1. That of which the essence is the absence of something.

    Blackness and darkness are indeed but privatives.


Bacon.

2. (Logic) A term indicating the absence of any quality which might be
naturally or rationally expected; -- called also privative term.

3. (Gram.) A privative prefix or suffix. See Privative, a., 3.

Priv"a*tive*ly, adv. In a privative manner; by the absence of
something; negatively. [R.] Hammond.

Priv"a*tive*ness, n. The state of being privative.

Priv"et (?), n. [Cf. Scot. privie, Prov. E. prim-print, primwort. Prob.
for primet, and perh. named from being cut and trimmed. See, Prim, a.,
and cf. Prime to prune, Prim, n., Prie, n.] (Bot.) An ornamental
European shrub (Ligustrum vulgare), much used in hedges; -- called also
prim.

Egyptian privet. See Lawsonia. -- Evergreen privet, a plant of the
genus Rhamnus. See Alatern. -- Mock privet, any one of several
evergreen shrubs of the genus Phillyrea. They are from the
Mediterranean region, and have been much cultivated for hedges and for
fancifully clipped shrubberies.

Priv"i*lege (?), n. [F. privilËge, L. privilegium an ordinance or law
against or in favor of an individual; privus private + lex, legis, law.
See Private, and Legal.]

1. A peculiar benefit, advantage, or favor; a right or immunity not
enjoyed by others or by all; special enjoyment of a good, or exemption
from an evil or burden; a prerogative; advantage; franchise.

    He pleads the legal privilege of a Roman.


Kettlewell.

    The privilege birthright was a double portion.


Locke.

    A people inheriting privileges, franchises, and liberties.


Burke.

2. (Stockbroker's Cant) See Call, Put, Spread, etc.

Breach of privilege. See under Breach. -- Question of privilege
(Parliamentary practice), a question which concerns the security of a
member of a legislative body in his special privileges as such. --
Water privilege, the advantage of having machinery driven by a stream,
or a place affording such advantage. [ U. S.] -- Writ of privilege
(Law), a writ to deliver a privileged person from custody when arrested
in a civil suit. Blackstone.

Syn. -- Prerogative; immunity; franchise; right; claim; liberty. --
Privilege, Prerogative. Privilege, among the Romans, was something
conferred upon an individual by a private law; and hence, it denotes
some peculiar benefit or advantage, some right or immunity, not enjoyed
by the world at large. Prerogative, among the Romans, was the right of
voting first; and, hence, it denotes a right of precedence, or of doing
certain acts, or enjoying certain privileges, to the exclusion of
others. It is the privilege of a member of Congress not to be called in
question elsewhere for words uttered in debate. It is the prerogative
of the president to nominate judges and executive officers. It is the
privilege of a Christian child to be instructed in the true religion.
It is the prerogative of a parent to govern and direct his children.

Priv"i*lege (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Privileged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Privileging.] [Cf. F. privilÈgier.]

1. To grant some particular right or exemption to; to invest with a
peculiar right or immunity; to authorize; as, to privilege
representatives from arrest.

    To privilege dishonor in thy name.


Shak.

2. To bring or put into a condition of privilege or exemption from evil
or danger; to exempt; to deliver.

    He took this place for sanctuary, And it shall privilege him from
    your hands.


Shak.

Priv"i*leged (?), a. Invested with a privilege; enjoying a peculiar
right, advantage, or immunity.

Privileged communication. (Law) (a) A communication which can not be
disclosed without the consent of the party making it, -- such as those
made by a client to his legal adviser, or by persons to their religious
or medical advisers. (b) A communication which does not expose the
party making it to indictment for libel, -- such as those made by
persons communicating confidentially with a government, persons
consulted confidentially as to the character of servants, etc. --
Privileged debts (Law), those to which a preference in payment is given
out of the estate of a deceased person, or out of the estate of an
insolvent. Wharton. Burrill. -- Privileged witnesses (Law) witnesses
who are not obliged to testify as to certain things, as lawyers in
relation to their dealings with their clients, and officers of state as
to state secrets; also, by statute, clergymen and physicans are placed
in the same category, so far as concerns information received by them
professionally.

Priv"i*ly, adv. In a privy manner; privately; secretly. Chaucer. 2 Pet.
ii. 1.

Priv"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Privities (-tz). [From Privy, a.: cf. F.
privautÈ extreme familiarity.]

1. Privacy; secrecy; confidence. Chaucer.

    I will unto you, in privity, discover . . . my purpose.


Spenser.

2. Private knowledge; joint knowledge with another of a private
concern; cognizance implying consent or concurrence.

    All the doors were laid open for his departure, not without the
    privity of the Prince of Orange.


Swift.

3. A private matter or business; a secret. Chaucer.

4. pl. The genitals; the privates.

5. (Law) A connection, or bond of union, between parties, as to some
particular transaction; mutual or successive relationship to the same
rights of property.

Priv"y (?), a. [F. privÈ, fr. L. privatus. See Private.]

1. Of or pertaining to some person exclusively; assigned to private
uses; not public; private; as, the privy purse. " Privee knights and
squires." Chaucer.

2. Secret; clandestine. " A privee thief." Chaucer.

3. Appropriated to retirement; private; not open to the public. " Privy
chambers." Ezek. xxi. 14.

4. Admitted to knowledge of a secret transaction; secretly cognizant;
privately knowing.

    His wife also being privy to it.


Acts v. 2.

    Myself am one made privy to the plot.


Shak.

Privy chamber, a private apartment in a royal residence. [Eng.] --
Privy council (Eng. Law), the principal council of the sovereign,
composed of the cabinet ministers and other persons chosen by the king
or queen. Burrill. -- Privy councilor, a member of the privy council.
-- Privy purse, moneys set apart for the personal use of the monarch;
also, the title of the person having charge of these moneys. [Eng.]
Macaulay. -- Privy seal or signet, the seal which the king uses in
grants, etc., which are to pass the great seal, or which he uses in
matters of subordinate consequence which do not require the great seal;
also, elliptically, the principal secretary of state, or person
intrusted with the privy seal. [Eng.] -- Privy verdict, a verdict given
privily to the judge out of court; -- now disused. Burrill.

Priv"y, n.; pl. Privies (&?;).

1. (Law) A partaker; a person having an interest in any action or
thing; one who has an interest in an estate created by another; a
person having an interest derived from a contract or conveyance to
which he is not himself a party. The term, in its proper sense, is
distinguished from party. Burrill. Wharton.

2. A necessary house or place; a backhouse.

Priz"a*ble (?), a. Valuable. H. Taylor.

Prize (prz), n. [F. prise a seizing, hold, grasp, fr. pris, p. p. of
prendre to take, L. prendere, prehendere; in some senses, as 2 (b),
either from, or influenced by, F. prix price. See Prison, Prehensile,
and cf. Pry, and also Price.]

1. That which is taken from another; something captured; a thing seized
by force, stratagem, or superior power.

    I will depart my pris, or my prey, by deliberation.


Chaucer.

    His own prize, Whom formerly he had in battle won.


Spenser.

2. Hence, specifically; (a) (Law) Anything captured by a belligerent
using the rights of war; esp., property captured at sea in virtue of
the rights of war, as a vessel. Kent. Brande & C. (b) An honor or
reward striven for in a competitive contest; anything offered to be
competed for, or as an inducement to, or reward of, effort.

    I'll never wrestle for prize more.


Shak.

    I fought and conquered, yet have lost the prize.


Dryden.

(c) That which may be won by chance, as in a lottery.

3. Anything worth striving for; a valuable possession held or in
prospect.

    I press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in
    Christ Jesus.


Phil. iii. 14.

4. A contest for a reward; competition. [Obs.] Shak.

5. A lever; a pry; also, the hold of a lever. [Written also prise.]

Prize court, a court having jurisdiction of all captures made in war on
the high seas. Bouvier. -- Prize fight, an exhibition contest, esp. one
of pugilists, for a stake or wager. -- Prize fighter, one who fights
publicly for a reward; -- applied esp. to a professional boxer or
pugilist. Pope. -- Prize fighting, fighting, especially boxing, in
public for a reward or wager. -- Prize master, an officer put in charge
or command of a captured vessel. -- Prize medal, a medal given as a
prize. -- Prize money, a dividend from the proceeds of a captured
vessel, etc., paid to the captors. -- Prize ring, the ring or inclosure
for a prize fight; the system and practice of prize fighting. -- To
make prize of, to capture. Hawthorne.

Prize (?), v. t. To move with a lever; to force up or open; to pry.
[Written also prise.]

Prize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prizing.] [F.
priser, OF. prisier, preisier, fr. L. pretiare, fr. pretium worth,
value, price. See Price, and cf. Praise.] [Formerly written also prise.
]

1. To set or estimate the value of; to appraise; to price; to rate.

    A goodly price that I was prized at.


Zech. xi. 13.

    I prize it [life] not a straw, but for mine honor.


Shak.

2. To value highly; to estimate to be of great worth; to esteem. "[I]
do love, prize, honor you. " Shak.

    I prized your person, but your crown disdain.


Dryden.

Prize, n. [F. prix price. See 3d Prize. ] Estimation; valuation. [Obs.]
Shak.

Prize"man (?), n.; pl. Prizemen (&?;). The winner of a prize.

Priz"er (?), n. [See 3d Prize.] One who estimates or sets the value of
a thing; an appraiser. Shak.

Priz"er, n. [See 1st Prize.] One who contends for a prize; a prize
fighter; a challenger. [Obs.] Shak.

    Appeareth no man yet to answer the prizer.


B. Jonson.

Priz"ing, n. [See 2d Prize.] The application of a lever to move any
weighty body, as a cask, anchor, cannon, car, etc. See Prize, n., 5.

Pro- (?). [L. pro, or Gr. &?;. See Pro.] A prefix signifying before, in
front, forth, for, in behalf of, in place of, according to; as,
propose, to place before; proceed, to go before or forward; project, to
throw forward; prologue, part spoken before (the main piece); propel,
prognathous; provide, to look out for; pronoun, a word instead of a
noun; proconsul, a person acting in place of a consul; proportion,
arrangement according to parts.

||Pro, prep. [L.; akin to prae before, Gr. &?;, and E. for. See For,
||prep., and cf. Prior, a.] A Latin preposition signifying for, before,
||forth.

Pro confesso [L.] (Law), taken as confessed. The action of a court of
equity on that portion of the pleading in a particular case which the
pleading on the other side does not deny. -- Pro rata. [L. See
Prorate.] In proportion; proportion. -- Pro re nata [L.] (Law), for the
existing occasion; as matters are.

Pro, adv. For, on, or in behalf of, the affirmative side; -- in
contrast with con.

Pro and con, for and against, on the affirmative and on the negative
side; as, they debated the question pro and con; -- formerly used also
as a verb. -- Pros and cons, the arguments or reasons on either side.

Pro"a (?), n. [Malay pr&?;, prh&?;.] (Naut.) A sailing canoe of the
Ladrone Islands and Malay Archipelago, having its lee side flat and its
weather side like that of an ordinary boat. The ends are alike. The
canoe is long and narrow, and is kept from overturning by a
cigar-shaped log attached to a frame extending several feet to
windward. It has been called the flying proa, and is the swiftest
sailing craft known.

Proach (?), v. i. See Approach. [Obs.]

Pro*at"las (?), n. [Pref. pro- + atlas.] (Anat.) A vertebral rudiment
in front of the atlas in some reptiles.

Prob`a*bil"i*o*rism (?), n. The doctrine of the probabiliorists.

Prob`a*bil"i*o*rist (?), n. [From L. probabilior, compar. of probabilis
probable.] (Casuistry) One who holds, in opposition to the
probabilists, that a man is bound to do that which is most probably
right.

Prob"a*bil*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. probabilisme.] The doctrine of the
probabilists.

Prob"a*bil*ist, n. [Cf. F. probabiliste.]

1. One who maintains that certainty is impossible, and that probability
alone is to govern our faith and actions.

2. (Casuistry) One who maintains that a man may do that which has a
probability of being right, or which is inculcated by teachers of
authority, although other opinions may seem to him still more probable.

Prob`a*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Probabilities (#). [L. probabilitas: cf. F.
probabilitÈ.]

1. The quality or state of being probable; appearance of reality or
truth; reasonable ground of presumption; likelihood.

    Probability is the appearance of the agreement or disagreement of
    two ideas, by the intervention of proofs whose connection is not
    constant, but appears for the most part to be so.


Locke.

2. That which is or appears probable; anything that has the appearance
of reality or truth.

    The whole life of man is a perpetual comparison of evidence and
    balancing of probabilities.


Buckminster.

    We do not call for evidence till antecedent probabilities fail.


J. H. Newman.

3. (Math.) Likelihood of the occurrence of any event in the doctrine of
chances, or the ratio of the number of favorable chances to the whole
number of chances, favorable and unfavorable. See 1st Chance, n., 5.

Syn. -- Likeliness; credibleness; likelihood; chance.

Prob"a*ble (?), a. [L. probabilis, fr. probare to try, approve, prove:
cf. F. probable. See Prove, and cf. Provable.]

1. Capable of being proved. [Obs.]

2. Having more evidence for than against; supported by evidence which
inclines the mind to believe, but leaves some room for doubt; likely.

    That is accounted probable which has better arguments producible
    for it than can be brought against it.


South.

    I do not say that the principles of religion are merely probable; I
    have before asserted them to be morally certain.


Bp. Wilkins.

<! p. 1141 !>

3. Rendering probable; supporting, or giving ground for, belief, but
not demonstrating; as, probable evidence; probable presumption.
Blackstone.

Probable cause (Law), a reasonable ground of presumption that a charge
is, or my be, well founded. - - Probable error (of an observation, or
of the mean of a number), that within which, taken positively and
negatively, there is an even chance that the real error shall lie.
Thus, if 3&Prime; is the probable error in a given case, the chances
that the real error is greater than 3&Prime; are equal to the chances
that it is less. The probable error is computed from the observations
made, and is used to express their degree of accuracy. -- The probable,
that which is within the bounds of probability; that which is not
unnatural or preternatural; -- opposed to the marvelous.

Prob"a*bly (?), adv. In a probable manner; in likelihood.

    Distinguish between what may possibly and what will probably be
    done.


L'Estrange.

Pro"ba*cy (?), n. [See Probate.] Proof; trial. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pro"bal (?), a. Approved; probable. [Obs.] Shak.

Pro*bal"i*ty (?), n. Probability. [Obs.] "With as great probality."
Holland.

Pro"bang (?), n. [See Probe.] A slender elastic rod, as of whalebone,
with a sponge on the end, for removing obstructions from the esophagus,
etc.

Pro"bate (?), n. [From L. probatus, p. p. of probare to prove. See
Prove.]

1. Proof. [Obs.] Skelton.

2. (Law) (a) Official proof; especially, the proof before a competent
officer or tribunal that an instrument offered, purporting to be the
last will and testament of a person deceased, is indeed his lawful act;
the copy of a will proved, under the seal of the Court of Probate,
delivered to the executors with a certificate of its having been
proved. Bouvier. Burrill. (b) The right or jurisdiction of proving
wills.

Pro"bate, a. Of or belonging to a probate, or court of probate; as, a
probate record.

Probate Court, or Court of Probate, a court for the probate of wills.
-- Probate duty, a government tax on property passing by will. [Eng.]

Pro"bate (?), v. t. To obtain the official approval of, as of an
instrument purporting to be the last will and testament; as, the
executor has probated the will.

Pro*ba"tion (?), n. [L. probatio, fr. probare to try, examine, prove:
cf. F. probation. See Prove.]

1. The act of proving; also, that which proves anything; proof. [Obs.]

    When by miracle God dispensed great gifts to the laity, . . . he
    gave probation that he intended that all should prophesy and
    preach.


Jer. Taylor.

2. Any proceeding designed to ascertain truth, to determine character,
qualification, etc.; examination; trial; as, to engage a person on
probation. Hence, specifically: (a) The novitiate which a person must
pass in a convent, to probe his or her virtue and ability to bear the
severities of the rule. (b) The trial of a ministerial candidate's
qualifications prior to his ordination, or to his settlement as a
pastor. (c) Moral trial; the state of man in the present life, in which
he has the opportunity of proving his character, and becoming qualified
for a happier state.

    No [view of human life] seems so reasonable as that which regards
    it as a state of probation.


Paley.

Pro*ba"tion*al (?), a. Probationary.

Pro*ba"tion*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to probation; serving for
trial.

    To consider this life . . . as a probationary state.


Paley.

Pro*ba"tion*er (?), n.

1. One who is undergoing probation; one who is on trial; a novice.

    While yet a young probationer, And candidate of heaven.


Dryden.

2. A student in divinity, who, having received certificates of good
morals and qualifications from his university, is admitted to several
trials by a presbytery, and, on acquitting himself well, is licensed to
preach. [Scot.]

Pro*ba"tion*er*ship, n. The state of being a probationer; novitiate.
Locke.

Pro*ba"tion*ship, n. A state of probation.

Pro"ba*tive (?), a. [L. probativus: cf. F. probatif.] Serving for trial
or proof; probationary; as, probative judgments; probative evidence.
South.

Pro*ba"tor (?), n. [L.] 1. An examiner; an approver. Maydman.

2. (O. Eng. Law) One who, when indicted for crime, confessed it, and
accused others, his accomplices, in order to obtain pardon; a state's
evidence.

Pro"ba*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. probatoire.] 1. Serving for trial;
probationary. Abp. Bramhall.

2. Pertaining to, or serving for, proof. Jer. Taylor.

Probatory term (Law), a time for taking testimony.

Probe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Probed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Probing.]
[L. probare to try, examine. See Prove.]

1. To examine, as a wound, an ulcer, or some cavity of the body, with a
probe.

2. Fig.: to search to the bottom; to scrutinize or examine thoroughly.
Dryden.

    The growing disposition to probe the legality of all acts, of the
    crown.


Hallam.

Probe, n. (Surg.) An instrument for examining the depth or other
circumstances of a wound, ulcer, or cavity, or the direction of a
sinus, of for exploring for bullets, for stones in the bladder, etc.
Parr.

Probe, or Probe-pointed, scissors (Surg.), scissors used to open
wounds, the blade of which, to be thrust into the orifice, has a button
at the end. Wiseman.

Pro"bea`gle (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Porbeagle.

Probe"-point`ed (?), a. (Surg.) Having a blunt or button-shaped
extremity; -- said of cutting instruments.

Prob"i*ty (?), n. [F. probitÈ, fr. L. probitas, fr. probus good,
proper, honest. Cf. Prove.] Tried virtue or integrity; approved moral
excellence; honesty; rectitude; uprightness. "Probity of mind." Pope.

Syn. -- Probity, Integrity. Probity denotes unimpeachable honesty and
virtue, shown especially by the performance of those obligations,
called imperfect, which the laws of the state do not reach, and can not
enforce. Integrity denotes a whole-hearted honesty, and especially that
which excludes all injustice that might favor one's self. It has a
peculiar reference to uprightness in mutual dealings, transfer of
property, and the execution of trusts for others.

Prob"lem (?), n. [F. problËme, L. problema, fr. Gr. &?; anything thrown
forward, a question proposed for solution, fr. &?; to throw or lay
before; &?; before, forward + &?; to throw. Cf. Parable. ]

1. A question proposed for solution; a matter stated for examination or
proof; hence, a matter difficult of solution or settlement; a doubtful
case; a question involving doubt. Bacon.

2. (Math.) Anything which is required to be done; as, in geometry, to
bisect a line, to draw a perpendicular; or, in algebra, to find an
unknown quantity.

Problem differs from theorem in this, that a problem is something to be
done, as to bisect a triangle, to describe a circle, etc.; a theorem is
something to be proved, as that all the angles of a triangle are equal
to two right angles.

Plane problem (Geom.), a problem that can be solved by the use of the
rule and compass. -- Solid problem (Geom.), a problem requiring in its
geometric solution the use of a conic section or higher curve.

{ Prob`lem*at"ic (?), Prob`lem*at"ic*al (?), } a. [L. problematicus,
Gr. &?;: cf. F. problÈmatique.] Having the nature of a problem; not
shown in fact; questionable; uncertain; unsettled; doubtful. --
Prob`lem*at"ic*al*ly, adv.

    Diligent inquiries into remote and problematical guilt leave a gate
    wide open to . . . informers.


Swift.

Prob"lem*a*tist (?), n. One who proposes problems. [R.] Evelyn.

Prob"lem*a*tize (?), v. t. To propose problems. [R.] "Hear him
problematize." B. Jonson.

Pro*bos"ci*date (?), a. [See Proboscis.] (Zoˆl.) Having a proboscis;
proboscidial.

||Pro`bos*cid"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Proboscis.] (Zoˆl.) An order of
||large mammals including the elephants and mastodons.

Pro`bos*cid"e*an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Proboscidian.

Pro`bos*cid"i*al (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Proboscidate.

Pro`bos*cid"i*an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the Proboscidea. -- n.
One of the Proboscidea.

||Pro*bos`ci*dif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Proboscis, and -ferous.]

1. (Zoˆl.) An extensive division of pectinibranchiate gastropods,
including those that have a long retractile proboscis, with the mouth
at the end, as the cones, whelks, tritons, and cowries. See Illust. of
Gastropoda, and of Winkle.

2. (Zoˆl.) A subdivision of the tÊnioglossate gastropods, including the
fig-shells (Pyrula), the helmet shells (Cassis), the tritons, and
allied genera.

Pro`bos*cid"i*form (?), a. Having the form or uses of a proboscis; as,
a proboscidiform mouth.

Pro*bos"cis (?), n.; pl. Proboscides (#). [L. fr. Gr. &?;; &?; before +
&?; to feed, graze.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A hollow organ or tube attached to the
head, or connected with the mouth, of various animals, and generally
used in taking food or drink; a snout; a trunk.

The proboscis of an elephant is a flexible muscular elongation of the
nose. The proboscis of insects is usually a chitinous tube formed by
the modified maxillÊ, or by the labium. See Illusts. of Hemiptera and
Lepidoptera.

2. (Zoˆl.) By extension, applied to various tubelike mouth organs of
the lower animals that can be everted or protruded.

The proboscis of annelids and of mollusks is usually a portion of the
pharynx that can be everted or protruded. That of nemerteans is a
special long internal organ, not connected with the mouth, and not used
in feeding, but capable of being protruded from a pore in the head. See
Illust. in Appendix.

3. The nose. [Jocose]

Proboscis monkey. (Zoˆl.) See Kahau.

Pro*ca"cious (?), a. [L. procax, -acis, fr. procare to ask, demand.]
Pert; petulant; forward; saucy. [R.] Barrow.

Pro*cac"i*ty (?), n. [L. procacitas.] Forwardness; pertness; petulance.
[R.] Burton.

||Pro*cam"bi*um (?), n. [NL. See Pro- , and Cambium.] (Bot.) The young
||tissue of a fibrovascular bundle before its component cells have
||begun to be differentiated. Sachs.

Pro`cat*arc"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; beginning beforehand. fr. &?; to begin
first; &?; before + &?; to begin; &?; intens. + &?; to begin: cf. F.
procatarctique. ] (Med.) Beginning; predisposing; exciting; initial.
[Obs.]

The words procatarctic causes have been used with different
significations. Thus they have been employed synonymously with prime
causes, exciting causes, and predisposing or remote causes.

    The physician inquires into the procatarctic causes.


Harvey.

||Pro`cat*arx"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; first beginning.] (Med.) The
||kindling of a disease into action; also, the procatarctic cause.
||Quincy.

||Pro`ce*den"do (?), n. [Abl. of the gerundive of L. procedere. see
||Proceed.] (Law) (a) A writ by which a cause which has been removed on
||insufficient grounds from an inferior to a superior court by
||certiorari, or otherwise, is sent down again to the same court, to be
||proceeded in there. (b) In English practice, a writ issuing out of
||chancery in cases where the judges of subordinate courts delay giving
||judgment, commanding them to proceed to judgment. (c) A writ by which
||the commission of the justice of the peace is revived, after having
||been suspended. Tomlins. Burrill.

Pro*ce"dure (?), n. [F. procÈdure. See Proceed.] 1. The act or manner
of proceeding or moving forward; progress; process; operation; conduct.
"The true procedure of conscience." South.

2. A step taken; an act performed; a proceeding; the steps taken in an
action or other legal proceeding. "Gracious procedures." I. Taylor.

3. That which results; issue; product. [Obs.] Bacon.

Pro*ceed" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Proceeded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Proceeding.] [F. procÈder. fr. L. procedere, processum, to go before,
to proceed; pro forward + cedere to move. See Cede.] 1. To move, pass,
or go forward or onward; to advance; to continue or renew motion begun;
as, to proceed on a journey.

    If thou proceed in this thy insolence.


Shak.

2. To pass from one point, topic, or stage, to another; as, to proceed
with a story or argument.

3. To issue or come forth as from a source or origin; to come from; as,
light proceeds from the sun.

    I proceeded forth and came from God.


John viii. 42.

    It proceeds from policy, not love.


Shak.

4. To go on in an orderly or regulated manner; to begin and carry on a
series of acts or measures; to act by method; to prosecute a design.

    He that proceeds upon other principles in his inquiry.


Locke.

5. To be transacted; to take place; to occur. [Obs.]

    He will, after his sour fashion, tell you What hath proceeded
    worthy note to-day.


Shak.

6. To have application or effect; to operate.

    This rule only proceeds and takes place when a person can not of
    common law condemn another by his sentence.


Ayliffe.

7. (Law) To begin and carry on a legal process.

Syn. -- To advance; go on; continue; progress; issue; arise; emanate.

Pro"ceed (?), n. See Proceeds. [Obs.] Howell.

Pro*ceed"er (?), n. One who proceeds.

Pro*ceed"ing, n. 1. The act of one who proceeds, or who prosecutes a
design or transaction; progress or movement from one thing to another;
a measure or step taken in a course of business; a transaction; as, an
illegal proceeding; a cautious or a violent proceeding.

    The proceedings of the high commission.


Macaulay.

2. pl. (Law) The course of procedure in the prosecution of an action at
law. Blackstone.

Proceedings of a society, the published record of its action, or of
things done at its meetings.

Syn. -- Procedure; measure; step, See Transaction.

Pro"ceeds (?), n. pl. That which comes forth or results; effect; yield;
issue; product; sum accruing from a sale, etc.

Proc`e*leus*mat"ic (?), a. [L. proceleusmaticus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to
rouse to action beforehand; &?; + &?; to incite; cf. F.
procÈleusmatique.]

1. Inciting; animating; encouraging. [R.] Johnson.

2. (Pros.) Consisting of four short syllables; composed of feet of four
short syllables each.

Proc`e*leus*mat"ic (?), n. (Pros.) A foot consisting of four short
syllables.

Pro`cel*la"ri*an (?), n. [L. procella a storm.] (Zoˆl.) One of a family
of oceanic birds (ProcellaridÊ) including the petrels, fulmars, and
shearwaters. They are often seen in great abundance in stormy weather.

Pro*cel"lous (?), a. [L. procellosus, fr. procella a storm.] Stormy.
[Obs.] Bailey.

Pro`ce*phal"ic (?), a. [Pref. pro-  + cephalic.] (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to,
or forming, the front of the head.

Procephalic lobe (Zoˆl.), that part of the head of an invertebrate
animal which is in front of the mouth.

Pro*cep"tion (?), n. [Pref. pro- + L. capere to take.] Preoccupation.
[Obs.] Eikon Basilik&?;.

Pro*cere" (?), a. [L. procerus tall.] Of high stature; tall. [Obs.]
Evelyn.

Pro*cer"e*brum (?), n. [Pref. pro-  + cerebrum.] (Anat.) The
prosencephalon.

||Proc"e*res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. procer &?; chief.] (Zoˆl.) An
||order of large birds; the RatitÊ; -- called also Proceri.

Proc"er*ite (?), n. [Pref. pro- + Gr. &?; &?; horn.] (Zoˆl.) The
segment next to the flagellum of the antennÊ of Crustacea.

Pro*cer"i*ty (?), n. [L. proceritas.] Height of stature; tallness. [R.]
Johnson.

Proc"ess, n. [F. procËs, L. processus. See Proceed.]

1. The act of proceeding; continued forward movement; procedure;
progress; advance. "Long process of time." Milton.

    The thoughts of men are widened with the process of the suns.


Tennyson.

2. A series of actions, motions, or occurrences; progressive act or
transaction; continuous operation; normal or actual course or
procedure; regular proceeding; as, the process of vegetation or
decomposition; a chemical process; processes of nature.

    Tell her the process of Antonio's end.


Shak.

3. A statement of events; a narrative. [Obs.] Chaucer.

4. (Anat. & Zoˆl.) Any marked prominence or projecting part, especially
of a bone; anapophysis.

5. (Law) The whole course of proceedings in a cause real or personal,
civil or criminal, from the beginning to the end of the suit; strictly,
the means used for bringing the defendant into court to answer to the
action; -- a generic term for writs of the class called judicial.

Deacon's process [from H. Deacon, who introduced it] (Chem.), a method
of obtaining chlorine gas by passing hydrochloric acid gas over heated
slag which has been previously saturated with a solution of some
metallic salt, as sulphate of copper. -- Final process (Practice), a
writ of execution in an action at law. Burrill. -- In process, in the
condition of advance, accomplishment, transaction, or the like; begun,
and not completed. -- Jury process (Law), the process by which a jury
is summoned in a cause, and by which their attendance is enforced.
Burrill. -- Leblanc's process (Chem.), the process of manufacturing
soda by treating salt with sulphuric acid, reducing the sodium sulphate
so formed to sodium sulphide by roasting with charcoal, and converting
the sodium sulphide to sodium carbonate by roasting with lime. -- Mesne
process. See under Mesne. -- Process milling, the process of high
milling for grinding flour. See under Milling. -- Reversible process
(Thermodynamics), any process consisting of a cycle of operations such
that the different operations of the cycle can be performed in reverse
order with a reversal of their effects.

<! p. 1142 !>

Pro*ces"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. processio. See Proceed.]

1. The act of proceeding, moving on, advancing, or issuing; regular,
orderly, or ceremonious progress; continuous course. Bp. Pearson.

    That the procession of their life might be


    More equable, majestic, pure, and free.


Trench.

2. That which is moving onward in an orderly, stately, or solemn
manner; a train of persons advancing in order; a ceremonious train; a
retinue; as, a procession of mourners; the Lord Mayor's procession.

    Here comes the townsmen on procession.


Shak.

3. (Eccl.) An orderly and ceremonial progress of persons, either from
the sacristy to the choir, or from the choir around the church, within
or without. Shipley.

4. pl. (Eccl.) An old term for litanies which were said in procession
and not kneeling. Shipley.

Procession of the Holy Ghost, a theological term applied to the
relation of the Holy Spirit to the Father and the Son, the Eastern
Church affirming that the Spirit proceeds from the Father only, and the
Western Church that the Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son.
Shipley. -- Procession week, a name for Rogation week, when processions
were made; Cross-week. Shipley.

Pro*ces"sion, v. t. (Law) To ascertain, mark, and establish the
boundary lines of, as lands. [Local, U. S. (North Carolina and
Tennessee).] "To procession the lands of such persons as desire it."
Burrill.

Pro*ces"sion, v. i. To march in procession. [R.]

Pro*ces"sion, v. i. To honor with a procession. [R.]

Pro*ces"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a procession; consisting in
a procession.

    The processional services became more frequent.


Milman.

Pro*ces"sion*al, n. [F. processionnal, LL. processionale.]

1. (R. C. Ch.) A service book relating to ecclesiastical processions.
J. Gregory.

2. A hymn, or other selection, sung during a church procession; as, the
processional was the 202d hymn.

Pro*ces"sion*al*ist, n. One who goes or marches in a procession. [R.]

Pro*ces"sion*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. LL. processionarius, F.
processionnaire.] Pertaining to a procession; consisting in
processions; as, processionary service.

Processionary moth (Zoˆl.), any moth of the genus Cnethocampa,
especially C. processionea of Europe, whose larvÊ make large webs on
oak trees, and go out to feed in regular order. They are covered with
stinging hairs.

Pro*ces"sion*er (?), n.

1. One who takes part in a procession.

2. A manual of processions; a processional. Fuller.

3. An officer appointed to procession lands. [Local, U. S. (North
Carolina and Tennessee).] Burrill.

Pro*ces"sion*ing, n. A proceeding prescribed by statute for
ascertaining and fixing the boundaries of land. See 2d Procession. [
Local, U. S.] Bouvier.

Pro*ces"sive (?), a. Proceeding; advancing.

    Because it is language, -- ergo, processive.


Coleridge.

||Pro`cËs" ver`bal" (?). [ F.] (French Law) An authentic minute of an
||official act, or statement of facts.

Pro"chein (?), a. [F. prochain, fr. L. (assumed) proximanus, fr.
proximus.] Next; nearest.

Prochein ami or amy (&?;) (Law), the next friend. See under Next.

Pro*chor"dal (?), a. [Pref. pro + chordal.] (Anat.) Situated in front
of the notochord; -- applied especially to parts of the cartilaginous
rudiments in the base of the skull.

Pro"chro*nism (?), n. [Gr. &?; preceding in time; &?; before + &?;
time: cf. F. prochronisme.] The dating of an event before the time it
happened; an antedating; -- opposed to metachronism.

Pro"chro*nize (?), v. t. To antedate. Fitzed. Hall.

{ Proc"i*dence, ||Proc*i*den"ti*a (?), }, n. [L. procidentia, fr.
procidens, p. pr. of procidere to fall down forward.] (Med.) A falling
down; a prolapsus. [R.] Parr.

Pro*cid"u*ous (&?;), a. [ L. prociduus.] Falling from its proper place.

Pro*cinct" (?), n. [L. procinctus, fr. procingere, procinctum, to gird
up.] A state of complete readiness for action. [Obs.] "War in
procinct." Milton.

Pro*claim" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proclaimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Proclaiming.] [OE. proclamen, L. proclamare; pro before, forward +
clamare to call or cry out: cf. F. proclamer. See Claim.]

1. To make known by public announcement; to give wide publicity to; to
publish abroad; to promulgate; to declare; as, to proclaim war or
peace.

    To proclaim liberty to the captives.


Isa. lxi. 1.

    For the apparel oft proclaims the man.


Shak.

    Throughout the host proclaim A solemn council forthwith to be held.


Milton.

2. To outlaw by public proclamation.

    I heard myself proclaimed.


Shak.

Syn. -- To publish; promulgate; declare; announce. See Announce.

Pro*claim"er (?), n. One who proclaims.

Proc`la*ma"tion (?), n. [F. proclamation, L. proclamatio. See
Proclaim.]

1. The act of proclaiming; official or general notice; publication.

    King Asa made a proclamation throughout all Judah; none was
    exempted.


1 Kings xv. 22.

2. That which is proclaimed, publicly announced, or officially
declared; a published ordinance; as, the proclamation of a king; a
Thanksgiving proclamation.

Pro*clit"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; to lean forward; &?; forward + &?; to lean
or incline. Cf. Enclitic.] (Gr. Gram.) Leaning forward; -- said of
certain monosyllabic words which are so closely attached to the
following word as not to have a separate accent.

Pro*clive" (?), a. [L. proclivis sloping, inclined; pro forward +
clivus hill: cf. F. proclive. See Declivity, and cf. Proclivous.]
Having a tendency by nature; prone; proclivous. [R.] Mrs. Browning.

Pro*cliv"i*ty (?), n. [L. proclivitas: cf. F. proclivitÈ.]

1. Inclination; propensity; proneness; tendency. "A proclivity to
steal." Abp. Bramhall.

2. Readiness; facility; aptitude.

    He had such a dexterous proclivity as his teachers were fain to
    restrain his forwardness.


Sir H. Wotton.

Pro*cli"vous (?), a. [L. proclivus. See Proclive.]

1. Inclined; tending by nature. [R.]

2. (Zoˆl.) Having the incisor teeth directed forward.

Pro*cúle" (?), n. [Pref. pro + Gr. &?; hollow.] (Anat.) A lateral
cavity of the prosencephalon; a lateral ventricle of the brain. B. G.
Wilder.

||Pro*cú"li*a (?), n.; pl. ProcúliÊ (&?;). [ NL.] (Anat.) Same as
||Procúle.

||Pro*cú"li*a, n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A division of Crocodilia, including
||the true crocodiles and alligators, in which the dorsal vertebrÊ are
||concave in front.

Pro*cú"li*an (?), a. [See Procúle.] (Anat & Zoˆl.) Concave in front;
as, procúlian vertebrÊ, which have the anterior end of the centra
concave and the posterior convex.

Pro*cú"li*an, n. (Zoˆl.) A reptile having procúlian vertebrÊ; one of
the Procúlia.

Pro*cú"lous (?), a.Same as Procúlian.

Pro*con"sul (?), n. [L., fr. pro for + consul consul.] (Rom. Antiq.) An
officer who discharged the duties of a consul without being himself
consul; a governor of, or a military commander in, a province. He was
usually one who had previously been consul.

{ Pro*con"su*lar (?), Pro*con"su*la*ry (?), } a. [L. proconsularis: cf.
F. proconsulaire.]

1. Of or pertaining of a proconsul; as, proconsular powers.

2. Under the government of a proconsul; as, a proconsular province.

Pro*con"su*late (?), n. [L. proconsulatus: cf. F. proconsulat.] The
office jurisdiction of a proconsul, or the term of his office.

Pro*con"sul*ship (?), n. Proconsulate.

Pro*cras"ti*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Procrastinated (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Procrastinating.] [L. procrastinatus, p. p. of procrastinare to
procrastinate; pro forward + crastinus of to-morrow, fr. cras
to-morrow.] To put off till to-morrow, or from day to day; to defer; to
postpone; to delay; as, to procrastinate repentance. Dr. H. More.

    Hopeless and helpless ∆geon wend, But to procrastinate his lifeless
    end.


Shak.

Syn. -- To postpone; adjourn; defer; delay; retard; protract; prolong.

Pro*cras"ti*nate, v. i. To delay; to be dilatory.

    I procrastinate more than I did twenty years ago.


Swift.

Pro*cras`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L. procrastinatio: cf. F.
procrastination.] The act or habit of procrastinating, or putting off
to a future time; delay; dilatoriness.

    Procrastination is the thief of time.


Young.

Pro*cras"ti*na`tor (?), n. One who procrastinates, or defers the
performance of anything.

Pro*cras"ti*na*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to procrastination;
dilatory.

Pro*cras"tine (?), v. t. To procrastinate. [Obs.]

Pro"cre*ant (?), a. [L. procreans, p. pr. of procreare. See Procreate.]
Generating; producing; productive; fruitful; assisting in procreation.
[R.] "His pendent bed and procreant cradle." Shak.

Pro"cre*ant, n. One who, or that which, procreates.

Pro"cre*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Procreated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Procreating.] [L. procreatus, p. p. of procreare; pro forward, forth +
create to create.] To generate and produce; to beget; to engender.

Pro`cre*a"tion (?), n. [F. procrÈation, L, procreatio.] The act of
begetting; generation and production of young. South.

Pro"cre*a`tive (?), a. Having the power to beget; generative. Sir M.
Hale.

Pro"cre*a`tive*ness, n. The power of generating.

Pro"cre*a`tor (?), n. [L.] One who begets; a father or sire; a
generator.

||Pro"cris (?), n. [L., the wife of Cephalus, Gr. &?;.] (Zoˆl.) Any
||species of small moths of the genus Procris. The larvÊ of some
||species injure the grapevine by feeding in groups upon the leaves.

Pro*crus"te*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Procrustes, or the mode of
torture practiced by him; producing conformity by violent means; as,
the Procrustean treatment; a Procrustean limit. See Procrustes.

Pro*crus"te*an*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Procrusteanized (?); p. pr.
& vb. n. Procrusteanizing (?).] To stretch or contract according to
some rule or standard.

Pro*crus"tes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to beat out, to stretch;
&?; forward + &?; to strike.] (Gr. Antiq.) A celebrated legendary
highwayman of Attica, who tied his victims upon an iron bed, and, as
the case required, either stretched or cut of their legs to adapt them
to its length; -- whence the metaphorical phrase, the bed of
Procrustes.

Pro`crus*te"si*an (?), a. See Procrustean.

||Proc*ti"tis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; anus + -itis.] (Med.)
||Inflammation of the rectum.

Proc"to*cele (?), n. [Gr. &?; anus + &?; tumor.] (Med.) Inversion and
prolapse of the mucous coat of the rectum, from relaxation of the
sphincter, with more or less swelling; prolapsus ani. Dunglison.

||Proc`to*dÊ"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the anus + &?; to divide.]
||(Anat.) See Mesenteron.

Proc"tor (?), n. [OE. proketour, contr. fr. procurator. See
Procurator.] One who is employed to manage to affairs of another.
Specifically: (a) A person appointed to collect alms for those who
could not go out to beg for themselves, as lepers, the bedridden, etc.;
hence a beggar. [Obs.] Nares. (b) (Eng. Law) An officer employed in
admiralty and ecclesiastical causes. He answers to an attorney at
common law, or to a solicitor in equity. Wharton. (c) (Ch. of Eng.) A
representative of the clergy in convocation. (d) An officer in a
university or college whose duty it is to enforce obedience to the laws
of the institution.

Proc"tor, v. t. To act as a proctor toward; to manage as an attorney or
agent. Bp. Warburton.

Proc"tor*age (?), n. Management by a proctor, or as by a proctor;
hence, control; superintendence; -- in contempt. "The fogging
proctorage of money." Milton.

Proc*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a proctor, esp. an academic
proctor; magisterial.

Proc*tor"ic*al (?), a. Proctorial. [R.]

Proc"tor*ship (?), n. The office or dignity of a proctor; also, the
term of his office. Clarendon.

Proc*tot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; anus + &?; to cut.] (Surg.) An incision
into the rectum, as for the division of a stricture.

||Proc"tu*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; anus + &?; to have.]
||(Zoˆl.) (a) A division of Turbellaria including those that have an
||intestine terminating posteriorly. (b) The Nemertina.

Pro*cum"bent (?), a. [L. procumbens, -entis, p. pr. of procumbere to
fall, bend, or lean forward; pro forward + cumbere (in comp.), akin to
cubare to lie down: cf. F. procombant. Cf. Incumbent.]

1. Lying down, or on the face; prone. " Procumbent each obeyed."
Cowper.

2. (Bot.) Lying on the ground, but without putting forth roots;
trailing; prostrate; as, a procumbent stem.

Pro*cur"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being procured; obtainable. Boyle.

Proc"u*ra*cy (?), n.; pl. Procuracies (#). [LL. procuratia: cf. F.
procuratie. See Procuration, and cf,. Proxy.]

1. The office or act of a proctor or procurator; management for
another.

2. Authority to act for another; a proxy. [Obs.]

Proc`u*ra"tion (?), n. [L. procuratio: cf. F. procuration. See
Procure.]

1. The act of procuring; procurement.

2. The management of another's affairs.

3. The instrument by which a person is empowered to transact the
affairs of another; a proxy.

4. (Ch. of Eng.) A sum of money paid formerly to the bishop or
archdeacon, now to the ecclesiastical commissioners, by an incumbent,
as a commutation for entertainment at the time of visitation; -- called
also proxy.

Procuration money (Law), money paid for procuring a loan. Blackstone.

Proc"u*ra`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. procurateur. See Procure, and cf.
Proctor. ]

1. (Law) One who manages another's affairs, either generally or in a
special matter; an agent; a proctor. Chaucer. Shak.

2. (Rom. Antiq.) A governor of a province under the emperors; also, one
who had charge of the imperial revenues in a province; as, the
procurator of Judea.

Procurator fiscal (Scots Law), public prosecutor, or district attorney.

Proc`u*ra*to"ri*al (&?;), a. Of or pertaining to a procurator, or
proctor; made by a proctor. Ayliffe.

Proc"u*ra`tor*ship (?), n. The office or term of a procurator. Bp.
Pearson.

Pro*cu"ra*to*ry (?), a. [L. procuratorius.] Tending to, or authorizing,
procuration.

Pro*cure" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Procured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Procuring.] [F. procurer, L. procurare, procuratum, to take care of;
pro for + curare to take care, fr. cura care. See Cure, and cf.
Proctor, Proxy.]

1. To bring into possession; to cause to accrue to, or to come into
possession of; to acquire or provide for one's self or for another; to
gain; to get; to obtain by any means, as by purchase or loan.

    If we procure not to ourselves more woe.


Milton.

2. To contrive; to bring about; to effect; to cause.

    By all means possible they procure to have gold and silver among
    them in reproach.


Robynson (More's Utopia) .

    Proceed, Solinus, to procure my fall.


Shak.

3. To solicit; to entreat. [Obs.]

    The famous Briton prince and faery knight, . . . Of the fair Alma
    greatly were procured To make there longer sojourn and abode.


Spenser.

<! p. 1143 !>

4. To cause to come; to bring; to attract. [Obs.]

    What unaccustomed cause procures her hither?


Shak.

5. To obtain for illicit intercourse or prostitution.

Syn. -- See Attain.

Pro*cure" (?), v. i.

1. To pimp. Shak.

2. To manage business for another in court. [Scot.]

Pro*cure"ment (?), n.

1. The act of procuring or obtaining; obtainment; attainment.

2. Efficient contrivance; management; agency.

    They think it done By her procurement.


Dryden.

Pro*cur"er (?), n. [Cf. F. procureur.]

1. One who procures, or obtains; one who, or that which, brings on, or
causes to be done, esp. by corrupt means.

2. One who procures the gratification of lust for another; a pimp; a
pander. South.

Pro*cur"ess, n. A female procurer, or pander.

Pro"cy*on (?), n. [L., a constellation which rises before the Dog Star,
Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; a dog. ]

1. (Astron.) A star of the first magnitude in the constellation Canis
Minor, or the Little Dog.

2. (Zoˆl.) A genus of mammals including the raccoon.

Prod (?), n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir. brod goad, prickle, sting, and E. brad,
also W. procio to poke, thrust.]

1. A pointed instrument for pricking or puncturing, as a goad, an awl,
a skewer, etc.

2. A prick or stab which a pointed instrument.

3. A light kind of crossbow; -- in the sense, often spelled prodd.
Fairholt.

Prod, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prodded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prodding.] To
thrust some pointed instrument into; to prick with something sharp; as,
to prod a soldier with a bayonet; to prod oxen; hence, to goad, to
incite, to worry; as, to prod a student. H. Taylor.

Prodd (?), n. A crossbow. See Prod, 3.

Prod"i*gal (?), a. [L. prodigus, from prodigere to drive forth, to
squander away; pro forward, forth + agere to drive; cf. F. prodigue.
See Agent. ] Given to extravagant expenditure; expending money or other
things without necessity; recklessly or viciously profuse; lavish;
wasteful; not frugal or economical; as, a prodigal man; the prodigal
son; prodigal giving; prodigal expenses.

    In fighting fields [patriots] were prodigal of blood.


Dryden.

Syn. -- Profuse; lavish; extravagant; squandering; wasteful. See
Profuse.

Prod"i*gal, n. One who expends money extravagantly, viciously, or
without necessity; one that is profuse or lavish in any expenditure; a
waster; a spendthrift. "Noble prodigals of life." Trench.

Prod`i*gal"i*ty (?), n. [F. prodigalitÈ, L. prodigalitas. See
Prodigal.] Extravagance in expenditure, particularly of money;
excessive liberality; profusion; waste; -- opposed to frugality,
economy, and parsimony."The prodigality of his wit." Dryden.

Prod"i*gal*ize (?), v. i. To act as a prodigal; to spend liberally.
Sherwood.

Prod"i*gal*ize, v. t. To expend lavishly. Ld. Lytton.

Prod"i*gal*ly, adv. In a prodigal manner; with profusion of expense;
extravagantly; wasteful; profusely; lavishly; as, an estate prodigally
dissipated.

    Nature not bounteous now, but lavish grows; Our paths with flowers
    she prodigally strows.


Dryden.

Prod"i*gate (?), v. t. To squander. Thackeray.

Prod"i*gence (?), n. [L. prodigentia, fr. prodigens, p. pr. of
prodigere. See Prodigal. ] Waste; profusion; prodigality. [R.] Bp.
Hall.

Pro*di"gious (?), a. [L. prodigiosus, fr. prodigium a prodigy; cf. F.
prodigieux. See Prodigy.]

1. Of the nature of a prodigy; marvelous; wonderful; portentous. [Obs.
or R.] Spenser.

    It is prodigious to have thunder in a clear sky.


Sir T. Browne.

2. Extraordinary in bulk, extent, quantity, or degree; very great;
vast; huge; immense; as, a prodigious mountain; a prodigious creature;
a prodigious blunder. "Prodigious might." Milton.

Syn. -- Huge; enormous; monstrous; portentous; marvelous; amazing;
astonishing; extraordinary.

Pro*di"gious*ly, adv.

1. Enormously; wonderfully; astonishingly; as, prodigiously great.

2. Very much; extremely; as, he was prodigiously pleased. [Colloq.]
Pope.

Pro*di"gious*ness, n. The quality or state of being prodigious; the
state of having qualities that excite wonder or astonishment;
enormousness; vastness.

Prod"i*gy (?), n.; pl. Prodigies (#). [ L. prodigium; pro before +
(perh.) a word appearing in adagium adage: cf. F. prodige. Cf. Adage. ]

1. Something extraordinary, or out of the usual course of nature, from
which omens are drawn; a portent; as, eclipses and meteors were
anciently deemed prodigies.

    So many terrors, voices, prodigies, May warn thee, as a sure
    foregoing sign.


Milton.

2. Anything so extraordinary as to excite wonder or astonishment; a
marvel; as, a prodigy of learning.

3. A production out of ordinary course of nature; an abnormal
development; a monster. B. Jonson.

Syn. -- Wonder; miracle; portent; marvel; monster.

Pro*di"tion (?), n. [L. proditio, from prodere to give forth, betray:
cf. OF. prodition.] Disclosure; treachery; treason. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Prod"i*tor (?), n. [L.] A traitor. [Obs.]

Prod`i*to"ri*ous (?), a. [Cf. OF. proditoire.]

1. Treacherous; perfidious; traitorous. [Obs.] Daniel.

2. Apt to make unexpected revelations. [Obs.] "Nature is proditorious."
Sir H. Wotton.

Prod"i*to*ry (?), a. Treacherous. [Obs.]

Prod"ro*mal (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to prodromes; as, the
prodromal stage of a disease.

Pro"drome (?), n. [Gr. &?; running before; &?; before + &?; to run: cf.
F. prodrome.] A forerunner; a precursor.

Prod"ro*mous (?), a. Precursory. [R.]

Prod"ro*mus (?), n. [NL.]

1. A prodrome.

2. A preliminary course or publication; -- used esp. in the titles of
elementary works.

Pro*duce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Produced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Producing (?).] [L. producere, productum, to bring forward, beget,
produce; pro forward, forth + ducere to lead. See Duke.]

1. To bring forward; to lead forth; to offer to view or notice; to
exhibit; to show; as, to produce a witness or evidence in court.

    Produce your cause, saith the Lord.


Isa. xli. 21.

    Your parents did not produce you much into the world.


Swift.

2. To bring forth, as young, or as a natural product or growth; to give
birth to; to bear; to generate; to propagate; to yield; to furnish; as,
the earth produces grass; trees produce fruit; the clouds produce rain.

    This soil produces all sorts of palm trees.


Sandys.

    [They] produce prodigious births of body or mind.


Milton.

    The greatest jurist his country had produced.


Macaulay.

3. To cause to be or to happen; to originate, as an effect or result;
to bring about; as, disease produces pain; vice produces misery.

4. To give being or form to; to manufacture; to make; as, a
manufacturer produces excellent wares.

5. To yield or furnish; to gain; as, money at interest produces an
income; capital produces profit.

6. To draw out; to extend; to lengthen; to prolong; as, to produce a
man's life to threescore. Sir T. Browne.

7. (Geom.) To extend; -- applied to a line, surface, or solid; as, to
produce a side of a triangle.

Pro*duce", v. i. To yield or furnish appropriate offspring, crops,
effects, consequences, or results.

Prod"uce (?; 277), n. That which is produced, brought forth, or
yielded; product; yield; proceeds; result of labor, especially of
agricultural labors; hence, specifically, agricultural products.

Pro*duce"ment (?), n. Production. [Obs.]

Pro*du"cent (?), n. [L. producens, p. pr.] One who produces, or offers
to notice. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

Pro*du"cer (?), n.

1. One who produces, brings forth, or generates.

2. One who grows agricultural products, or manufactures crude materials
into articles of use.

3. (Iron & Steel Manuf.) A furnace for producing combustible gas which
is used for fuel.

Pro*du`ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being producible.
Barrow.

Pro*du"ci*ble (?), a. Capable of being produced, brought forward,
brought forth, generated, made, or extended. -- Pro*du"ci*ble*ness, n.

Prod"uct (?), n. [L. productus, p. pr. of producere. See Produce.]

1. Anything that is produced, whether as the result of generation,
growth, labor, or thought, or by the operation of involuntary causes;
as, the products of the season, or of the farm; the products of
manufactures; the products of the brain.

    There are the product Of those ill-mated marriages.


Milton.

    These institutions are the products of enthusiasm.


Burke.

2. (Math.) The number or sum obtained by adding one number or quantity
to itself as many times as there are units in another number; the
number resulting from the multiplication of two or more numbers; as,
the product of the multiplication of 7 by 5 is 35. In general, the
result of any kind of multiplication. See the Note under
Multiplication.

Syn. -- Produce; production; fruit; result; effect; consequence;
outcome; work; performance.

Pro*duct" (?), v. t.

1. To produce; to bring forward. "Producted to . . . examination."
[Obs.] Foxe.

2. To lengthen out; to extend. [Obs.]

    He that doth much . . . products his mortality.


Hackett.

3. To produce; to make. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Pro*duct`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being productible;
producibility. Ruskin.

Pro*duct"i*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. productible.] Capable of being produced;
producible.

Pro*duc"tile (?), a. [L. productilis, fr. producere to stretch out.]
Capable of being extended or prolonged; extensible; ductile.

Pro*duc"tion (?), n. [L. productio a lengthening, prolonging: cf. F.
production. See Produce. ]

1. The act or process or producing, bringing forth, or exhibiting to
view; as, the production of commodities, of a witness.

2. That which is produced, yielded, or made, whether naturally, or by
the application of intelligence and labor; as, the productions of the
earth; the productions of handicraft; the productions of intellect or
genius.

3. The act of lengthening out or prolonging.

Syn. -- Product; produce; fruit; work; performance; composition.

Pro*duc"tive (?), a. [F. productif, L. productivus fit for
prolongation.]

1. Having the quality or power of producing; yielding or furnishing
results; as, productive soil; productive enterprises; productive labor,
that which increases the number or amount of products.

2. Bringing into being; causing to exist; producing; originative; as,
an age productive of great men; a spirit productive of heroic
achievements.

    And kindle with thy own productive fire.


Dryden.

    This is turning nobility into a principle of virtue, and making it
    productive of merit.


Spectator.

3. Producing, or able to produce, in large measure; fertile;
profitable.

-- Pro*duc"tive*ly, adv. -- Pro*duc"tive*ness, n.

Pro`duc*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being productive;
productiveness. Emerson.

    Not indeed as the product, but as the producing power, the
    productivity.


Coleridge.

Pro*duc"tress (?), n. A female producer.

||Pro*duc"tus (?), n. [NL. See Product.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of
||brachiopods, very characteristic of the Carboniferous rocks.

Pro`e*gu"mi*nal (?), a. [Gr. &?;, p. pr. of &?; to lead the way: cf. F.
proÈgumËne.] (Med.) Serving to predispose; predisposing; as, a
proeguminal cause of disease.

Pro"em (?), n. [L. prooemium, Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; way, course or
strain of a song: cf. F. proËme.] Preface; introduction; preliminary
observations; prelude.

    Thus much may serve by way of proem.


Swift.

Pro"em, v. t. To preface. [Obs.] South.

Pro*em"bry*o (?), n. [Pref. pro- + embryo. ] (Bot.) (a) The series of
cells formed in the ovule of a flowering plant after fertilization, but
before the formation of the embryo. (b) The primary growth from the
spore in certain cryptogamous plants; as, the proembryo, or protonema,
of mosses.

Pro*e"mi*al (?), a. Introductory; prefatory; preliminary. [R.] Hammond.

Pro`emp*to"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; to fall in before; &?; before
+ &?; in + &?; to fall.] (Chron.) The addition of a day to the lunar
calendar. [R.] See Metemptosis.

Pro"face (?), interj. [OF. prou face, prou fasse; prou profit + faire
to make, do.] Much good may it do you! -- a familiar salutation or
welcome. [Obs.]

    Master page, good master page, sit. Proface!


Shak.

Prof"a*nate (?), v. t. To profane. [Obs.]

Prof`a*na"tion (?), n. [L. profanatio: cf. F. profanation. See Profane,
v. t.] 1. The act of violating sacred things, or of treating them with
contempt or irreverence; irreverent or too familiar treatment or use of
what is sacred; desecration; as, the profanation of the Sabbath; the
profanation of a sanctuary; the profanation of the name of God.

2. The act of treating with abuse or disrespect, or with undue
publicity, or lack of delicacy.

    'T were profanation of our joys To tell the laity our love.


Donne.

Pro*fane" (?), a. [F., fr. L. profanus, properly, before the temple, i.
e., without the temple, unholy; pro before + fanum temple. See 1st
Fane.]

1. Not sacred or holy; not possessing peculiar sanctity; unconsecrated;
hence, relating to matters other than sacred; secular; -- opposed to
sacred, religious, or inspired; as, a profane place. "Profane authors."
I. Disraeli.

    The profane wreath was suspended before the shrine.


Gibbon.

2. Unclean; impure; polluted; unholy.

    Nothing is profane that serveth to holy things.


Sir W. Raleigh.

3. Treating sacred things with contempt, disrespect, irreverence, or
undue familiarity; irreverent; impious. Hence, specifically; Irreverent
in language; taking the name of God in vain; given to swearing;
blasphemous; as, a profane person, word, oath, or tongue. 1 Tim. i. 9.

Syn. -- Secular; temporal; worldly; unsanctified; unhallowed; unholy;
irreligious; irreverent; ungodly; wicked; godless; impious. See
Impious.

Pro*fane", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Profaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Profaning.] [L. profanare: cf. F. profaner. See Profane, a.]

1. To violate, as anything sacred; to treat with abuse, irreverence,
obloquy, or contempt; to desecrate; to pollute; as, to profane the name
of God; to profane the Scriptures, or the ordinance of God.

    The priests in the temple profane the sabbath.


Matt. xii. 5.

2. To put to a wrong or unworthy use; to make a base employment of; to
debase; to abuse; to defile.

    So idly to profane the precious time.


Shak.

Pro*fane"ly, adv. In a profane manner.

    The character of God profanely impeached.


Dr. T. Dwight.

Pro*fane"ness, n. The quality or state of being profane; especially,
the use of profane language.

Pro*fan"er (?), n. One who treats sacred things with irreverence, or
defiles what is holy; one who uses profane language. Hooker.

Pro*fan"i*ty (?), n. [L. profanitas.]

1. The quality or state of being profane; profaneness; irreverence;
esp., the use of profane language; blasphemy.

2. That which is profane; profane language or acts.

    The brisk interchange of profanity and folly.


Buckminster.

Pro*fec"tion (?), n. [See Proficient.] A setting out; a going forward;
advance; progression. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Pro`fec*ti"tious (?), a. [L. profectitius, fr. proficisci to set out,
proceed.] Proceeding from, as from a parent; derived, as from an
ancestor. [R.]

    The threefold distinction of profectitious, adventitious, and
    professional was ascertained.


Gibbon.

Pro"fert (?), n. [L., he brings forward, 3d pers. pr. of proferre. See
Proffer. ] (Law) The exhibition or production of a record or paper in
open court, or an allegation that it is in court.

Pro*fess" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Professed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Professing.] [F. profËs, masc., professe, fem., professed (monk or
nun), L. professus, p. p. of profiteri to profess; pro before, forward
+ fateri to confess, own. See Confess.]

1. To make open declaration of, as of one's knowledge, belief, action,
etc.; to avow or acknowledge; to confess publicly; to own or admit
freely. "Hear me profess sincerely." Shak.

    The best and wisest of them all professed To know this only, that
    he nothing knew.


Milton.

<! p. 1144 !>

2. To set up a claim to; to make presence to; hence, to put on or
present an appearance of.

    I do profess to be no less than I seem.


Shak.

3. To present to knowledge of, to proclaim one's self versed in; to
make one's self a teacher or practitioner of, to set up as an authority
respecting; to declare (one's self to be such); as, he professes
surgery; to profess one's self a physician.

Pro*fess" (?), v. i. 1. To take a profession upon one's self by a
public declaration; to confess. Drayton.

2. To declare friendship. [Obs.] Shak.

Pro*fessed" (?), a. Openly declared, avowed, acknowledged, or claimed;
as, a professed foe; a professed tyrant; a professed Christian.

The professed (R. C. Ch.) , a certain class among the Jesuits bound by
a special vow. See the note under Jesuit.

Pro*fess"ed*ly (?), adv. By profession.

Pro*fes"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. professio. See Profess, v.] 1. The act
of professing or claiming; open declaration; public avowal or
acknowledgment; as, professions of friendship; a profession of faith.

    A solemn vow, promise, and profession.


Bk. of Com. Prayer.

2. That which one professed; a declaration; an avowal; a claim; as, his
professions are insincere.

    The Indians quickly perceive the coincidence or the contradiction
    between professions and conduct.


J. Morse.

3. That of which one professed knowledge; the occupation, if not
mechanical, agricultural, or the like, to which one devotes one's self;
the business which one professes to understand, and to follow for
subsistence; calling; vocation; employment; as, the profession of arms;
the profession of a clergyman, lawyer, or physician; the profession of
lecturer on chemistry.

    Hi tried five or six professions in turn.


Macaulay.

The three professions, or learned professions, are, especially,
theology, law, and medicine.

4. The collective body of persons engaged in a calling; as, the
profession distrust him.

5. (Eccl. Law.) The act of entering, or becoming a member of, a
religious order.

Pro*fes"sion*al (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a profession, or
calling; conforming to the rules or standards of a profession;
following a profession; as, professional knowledge; professional
conduct. "Pride, not personal, but professional." Macaulay. "A
professional sneerer." De Quincey.

2. Engaged in by professionals; as, a professional race; -- opposed to
amateur.

Pro*fes"sion*al, n. A person who prosecutes anything professionally, or
for a livelihood, and not in the character of an amateur; a
professional worker.

Pro*fes"sion*al*ism (?), n. The following of a profession, sport, etc.,
as an occupation; -- opposed to amateurism.

Pro*fes"sion*al*ist, n. professional person. [R.]

Pro*fes"sion*al*ly, adv. In a professional manner or capacity; by
profession or calling; in the exercise of one's profession; one
employed professionally.

Pro*fess"or (?), n. [L., a teacher, a public teacher: cf. F.
professeur. See Profess.] 1. One who professed, or makes open
declaration of, his sentiments or opinions; especially, one who makes a
public avowal of his belief in the Scriptures and his faith in Christ,
and thus unites himself to the visible church. "Professors of
religion." Bacon.

2. One who professed, or publicly teaches, any science or branch of
learning; especially, an officer in a university, college, or other
seminary, whose business it is to read lectures, or instruct students,
in a particular branch of learning; as a professor of theology, of
botany, of mathematics, or of political economy.

Pro`fes*so"ri*al (?), a. [L. professorius: cf. F. professorial.] Of or
pertaining to a professor; as, the professional chair; professional
interest.

Pro`fes*so"ri*al*ism (?), n. The character, manners, or habits of a
professor. [R.]

Pro`fes*so"ri*at (?), n. See Professoriate.

Pro`fes*so"ri*ate (?), n. 1. The body of professors, or the
professorial staff, in a university or college.

2. A professorship.

Pro*fess"or*ship (?), n. The office or position of a professor, or
public teacher. Walton.

Pro*fes"so*ry (?), a. [L. professorius.] Of or pertaining to a
professor; professorial. [R.] Bacon.

Prof"fer (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proffered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Proffering.] [OE. profren, proferen, F. profÈrer, fr. L. proferre to
bring forth or forward, to offer; pro forward + ferre to bring. See
Bear to produce.] 1. To offer for acceptance; to propose to give; to
make a tender of; as, to proffer a gift; to proffer services; to
proffer friendship. Shak.

    I reck not what wrong that thou me profre.


Chaucer.

2. To essay or attempt of one's own accord; to undertake, or propose to
undertake. [R.] Milton.

Prof"fer, n. 1. An offer made; something proposed for acceptance by
another; a tender; as, proffers of peace or friendship.

    He made a proffer to lay down his commission.


Clarendon.

2. Essay; attempt. [R.] Bacon.

Prof"fer*er (?), n. One who proffers something.

{ Pro*fi"cience (?), Pro*fi"cien*cy (?) }, n. The quality of state of
being proficient; advance in the acquisition of any art, science, or
knowledge; progression in knowledge; improvement; adeptness; as, to
acquire proficiency in music.

Pro*fi"cient (?), n. [L. proficiens, -entis, p. pr. of proficere to go
forward, make progress; pro forward + facere to make. See Fact, and cf.
Profit, (&?;)] One who has made considerable advances in any business,
art, science, or branch of learning; an expert; an adept; as,
proficient in a trade; a proficient in mathematics, music, etc.

Pro*fi"cient (?), a. Well advanced in any branch of knowledge or skill;
possessed of considerable acquirements; well-skilled; versed; adept,

Pro*fi"cient*ly, adv. In a proficient manner.

Pro*fic"u*ous (?), a. [L. proficuus.] Profitable; advantageous; useful.
[Obs.] Harvey.

Pro"file (?), n. [It. profilo, fr. L. pro before + filum a thread, an
outline, shape: cf. F. profil. See File arow, and cf. Purfle, Purl, a
fringe.] 1. An outline, or contour; as, the profile of an apple.

2. (Paint & Sculp.) A human head represented sidewise, or in a side
view; the side face or half face.

3. (a) (Arch.) A section of any member, made at right angles with its
main lines, showing the exact shape of moldings and the like. (b)
(Civil Engin.) A drawing exhibiting a vertical section of the ground
along a surveyed line, or graded work, as of a railway, showing
elevations, depressions, grades, etc.

Profile paper (Civil Engin.), paper ruled with vertical and horizontal
lines forming small oblong rectangles, adapted for drawing profiles.

Pro"file, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Profiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Profiling]
[Cf. F. profiler, It. profilare. See Profile, n.] 1. to draw the
outline of; to draw in profile, as an architectural member.

2. (Mech.) To shape the outline of an object by passing a cutter around
it.

Profiling machine, a jigging machine.

Pro"fil*ing, n. (Fort.) In the construction of fieldworks, the erection
at proper intervals of wooden profiles, to show to the workmen the
sectional form of the parapets at those points.

Pro"fil*ist, n. One who takes profiles.

Pro"fit (?), n. [F., fr. L. profectus advance, progress, profit, fr.
profectum. See Proficient.] 1. Acquisition beyond expenditure; excess
of value received for producing, keeping, or selling, over cost; hence,
pecuniary gain in any transaction or occupation; emolument; as, a
profit on the sale of goods.

    Let no man anticipate uncertain profits.


Rambler.

2. Accession of good; valuable results; useful consequences; benefit;
avail; gain; as, an office of profit,

    This I speak for your own profit.


1 Cor. vii. 35.

    If you dare do yourself a profit and a right.


Shak.

Syn. -- Benefit; avail; service; improvement; advancement; gain;
emolument.

Prof"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Profited; p. pr. & vb. n. Profiting.] [F.
profiter. See Profit, n.] To be of service to; to be good to; to help
on; to benefit; to advantage; to avail; to aid; as, truth profits all
men.

    The word preached did not profit them.


Heb. iv. 2.

    It is a great means of profiting yourself, to copy diligently
    excellent pieces and beautiful designs.


Dryden.

Prof"it, v. i. 1. To gain advantage; to make improvement; to improve;
to gain; to advance.

    I profit not by thy talk.


Shak.

2. To be of use or advantage; to do or bring good.

    Riches profit not in the day of wrath.


Prov. xi. 4.

Prof"it*a*ble (?), a. [F. profitable.] Yielding or bringing profit or
gain; gainful; lucrative; useful; helpful; advantageous; beneficial;
as, a profitable trade; profitable business; a profitable study or
profession.

    What was so profitable to the empire became fatal to the emperor.


Arbuthnot.

-- Prof"it*a*ble*ness, n. -- Prof"it*a*bly, adv.

Prof"it*ing, n. Gain; advantage; profit.

    That thy profiting may appear to all.


1 Tim. iv. 15.

Prof"it*less, a. Without profit; unprofitable. Shak.

Prof"li*ga*cy (?), n. [See Profligate, a.] The quality of state of
being profligate; a profligate or very vicious course of life; a state
of being abandoned in moral principle and in vice; dissoluteness.

Prof"li*gate (?), a. [L. profligatus, p. p. of profligare to strike or
dash to the ground, to destroy; pro before + a word akin to fligere to
strike. See Afflict.]

1. Overthrown; beaten; conquered. [Obs.]

    The foe is profligate, and run.


Hudibras.

2. Broken down in respect of rectitude, principle, virtue, or decency;
openly and shamelessly immoral or vicious; dissolute; as, profligate
man or wretch.

    A race more profligate than we.


Roscommon.

    Made prostitute and profligate muse.


Dryden.

Syn. -- Abandoned; corrupt; dissolute; vitiated; depraved; vicious;
wicked. See Abandoned.

Prof"li*gate, n. An abandoned person; one openly and shamelessly
vicious; a dissolute person. "Such a profligate as Antony." Swift.

Prof"li*gate (?), v. t. To drive away; to overcome. [A Latinism] [Obs.]
Harvey.

Prof"li*gate*ly (?), adv. In a profligate manner.

Prof"li*gate*ness, n. The quality of being profligate; an abandoned
course of life; profligacy.

Prof`li*ga"tion (?), n. [L. profligatio.] Defeat; rout; overthrow.
[Obs.] Bacon.

Prof"lu*ence (?), n. [L. profluentia.] Quality of being profluent;
course. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

Prof"lu*ent (?), a. [L. profluens, p. pr. of profluere; pro forward +
fluere to flow.] Flowing forward, [R.] "In the profluent stream."
Milton.

Pro*found", a. [F. profond, L. profundus; pro before, forward + fundus
the bottom. See Found to establish, Bottom lowest part.] 1. Descending
far below the surface; opening or reaching to a great depth; deep. "A
gulf profound." Milton.

2. Intellectually deep; entering far into subjects; reaching to the
bottom of a matter, or of a branch of learning; thorough; as, a
profound investigation or treatise; a profound scholar; profound
wisdom.

3. Characterized by intensity; deeply felt; pervading; overmastering;
far-reaching; strongly impressed; as, a profound sleep. "Profound
sciatica." Shak.

    Of the profound corruption of this class there can be no doubt.


Milman.

4. Bending low, exhibiting or expressing deep humility; lowly;
submissive; as, a profound bow.

    What humble gestures! What profound reverence!


Duppa.

Pro*found" (?), n. 1. The deep; the sea; the ocean.

    God in the fathomless profound Hath all this choice commanders
    drowned.


Sandys.

2. An abyss. Milton.

Pro*found", v. t. To cause to sink deeply; to cause to dive or
penetrate far down. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Pro*found", v. i. To dive deeply; to penetrate. [Obs.]

Pro*found"ly, adv. In a profound manner.

    Why sigh you so profoundly?


Shak.

Pro*found"ness, n. The quality or state of being profound; profundity;
depth. Hooker.

Pro*ful"gent (?), a. [Pref. pro- + L. fulgere to shine.] Shining forth;
brilliant; effulgent. [Obs.] "Profulgent in preciousness." Chaucer.

Pro*fun"di*ty (?), n.; pl. -ties (#). [L. profunditas: cf. F.
profondite. See Profound.] The quality or state of being profound;
depth of place, knowledge, feeling, etc. "The vast profundity obscure."
Milton.

Pro*fuse" (?), a. [L. profusus, p. p. of profundere to pour forth or
out; pro forward, forth + fundere to pour: cf. F. profus. See Fuse to
melt.] 1. Pouring forth with fullness or exuberance; bountiful;
exceedingly liberal; giving without stint; as, a profuse government;
profuse hospitality.

    A green, shady bank, profuse of flowers.


Milton.

2. Superabundant; excessive; prodigal; lavish; as, profuse expenditure.
"Profuse ornament." Kames.

Syn. -- Lavish; exuberant; bountiful; prodigal; extravagant. --
Profuse, Lavish, Prodigal. Profuse denotes pouring out (as money, etc.)
with great fullness or freeness; as, profuse in his expenditures,
thanks, promises, etc. Lavish is stronger, implying unnecessary or
wasteful excess; as, lavish of his bounties, favors, praises, etc.
Prodigal is stronger still, denoting unmeasured or reckless profusion;
as, prodigal of one's strength, life, or blood, to secure some object.
Dryden.

Pro*fuse" (?), v. t. To pour out; to give or spend liberally; to
lavish; to squander. [Obs.] Chapman.

Pro*fuse"ly (?), adv. In a profuse manner.

Pro*fuse"ness, n. Extravagance; profusion.

    Hospitality sometimes degenerates into profuseness.


Atterbury.

Pro*fu"sion (?), n. [L. profusio: cf. F. profusion.]

1. The act of one who is profuse; a lavishing or pouring out without
sting.

    Thy vast profusion to the factious nobles?


Rowe.

2. Abundance; exuberant plenty; lavish supply; as, a profusion of
commodities. Addison.

Pro*fu"sive (?), a. Profuse; lavish; prodigal.[Obs.]

Prog (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Progged (&?;). p. pr. & vb. n. Progging.]
[Cf. D. prachen, G. prachern, Dan. prakke, Sw. pracka, to beg, L.
procare, procari, to ask, demand, and E. prowl.] 1. To wander about and
beg; to seek food or other supplies by low arts; to seek for advantage
by mean shift or tricks. [Low]

    A perfect artist in progging for money.


Fuller.

    I have been endeavoring to prog for you.


Burke.

2. To steal; to rob; to filch. [Low] Johnson.

3. To prick; to goad; to progue. [Scot.]

Prog, n. 1. Victuals got by begging, or vagrancy; victuals of any kind;
food; supplies. [Slang] Swift.

    So long as he picked from the filth his prog.


R. Browning.

2. A vagrant beggar; a tramp. [Slang]

3. A goal; progue. [Scot.]

Pro*gen"er*ate (?), v. t. [L. progeneratus, p. p. of progenerare to
beget; pro forth, forward + generare to generate.] To beget; to
generate; to produce; to procreate; as, to progenerate a race. [R.]
Landor.

Pro*gen`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. progeneratio.] The act of begetting;
propagation. [R.]

Pro*gen"i*tor (?), n. [OF. progeniteur, L. progenitor, fr. progignere,
progenitum, to bring forth, to beget; pro forth + gignere to beget. See
Gender kind.] An ancestor in the direct line; a forefather.

    And reverence thee their great progenitor.


Milton.

Pro*gen"i*tor*ship, n. The state of being a progenitor.

Pro*gen"i*tress (?), n. A female progenitor.

Pro*gen"i*ture (?), n. [F. progÈniture.] A begetting, or birth. [R.]

Prog"e*ny (?), n. [OE. progenie, F. progÈnie, fr. L. progenies, fr.
progignere. See Progenitor.] Descendants of the human kind, or
offspring of other animals; children; offspring; race, lineage. "
Issued from the progeny of kings." Shak.

Pro*glot"tid (?), n. (Zoˆl) Proglottis.

||Pro*glot"tis (?), n.; pl. Proglottides (#). [NL. fr. Gr. &?; the tip
||of the tongue; &?; forward + &?; the tongue.] (Zoˆl) One of the free,
||or nearly free, segments of a tapeworm. It contains both male and
||female reproductive organs, and is capable of a brief independent
||existence.

||Prog"na*thi (?), n. pl. [NL. See Prognathous.] (Zoˆl) A comprehensive
||group of mankind, including those that have prognathous jaws.

Prog*nath"ic, a. (Anat.) Prognathous.

Prog"na*thism (?), n. (Anat.) Projection of the jaws. -- Prog"na*thy
(#), n.

Prog"na*thous (?), a. [Gr. &?; before + &?; the jaw] (Anat.) Having the
jaws projecting beyond the upper part of the face; -- opposed to
orthognathous. See Gnathic index, under Gnathic.

    Their countenances had the true prognathous character.


Kane.

<! p. 1145 !>

Prog"ne (?), n. [L., a swallow, traditionally said to be fr. Progne
(The sister of Philomela), who was changed into a swallow, Gr. &?;.]
(Zoˆl.) (a) A swallow. (b) A genus of swallows including the purple
martin. See Martin. (c) An American butterfly (Polygonia, or Vanessa,
Progne). It is orange and black above, grayish beneath, with an
L-shaped silver mark on the hind wings. Called also gray comma.

Prog*no"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to know beforehand; &?;
before + &?; to know. See Know.] (Med.) The act or art of foretelling
the course and termination of a disease; also, the outlook afforded by
this act of judgment; as, the prognosis of hydrophobia is bad.

Prog*nos"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Prognosis.] Indicating something
future by signs or symptoms; foreshowing; aiding in prognosis; as, the
prognostic symptoms of a disease; prognostic signs.

Prog*nos"tic, n. [L. prognosticum, Gr. &?;: cf. F. pronostic,
prognostic. See Prognostic, a.]

1. That which prognosticates; a sign by which a future event may be
known or foretold; an indication; a sign or omen; hence, a foretelling;
a prediction.

    That choice would inevitably be considered by the country as a
    prognostic of the highest import.


Macaulay.

2. (Med.) A sign or symptom indicating the course and termination of a
disease. Parr.

Syn. -- Sign; omen; presage; token; indication.

Prog*nos"tic, v. t. To prognosticate. [Obs.]

Prog*nos"tic*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being prognosticated or foretold.
Sir T. Browne.

Prog*nos"ti*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prognosticated (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Prognosticating.] [See Prognostic.] To indicate as future; to
foretell from signs or symptoms; to prophesy; to foreshow; to predict;
as, to prognosticate evil. Burke.

    I neither will nor can prognosticate To the young gaping heir his
    father's fate.


Dryden.

Syn. -- To foreshow; foretoken; betoken; forebode; presage; predict;
prophesy.

Prog*nos`ti*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. prognostication.]

1. The act of foreshowing or foretelling something future by present
signs; prediction.

2. That which foreshows; a foretoken. Shak.

Prog*nos"ti*ca`tor (?), n. One who prognosticates; a foreknower or
foreteller of a future course or event by present signs. Isa. xlvii.
13.

Pro"gram (?), n. Same as Programme.

||Pro*gram"ma (?), n.; pl. Programmata (#). [ L. See Programme.]

1. (Gr. Antiq.) Any law, which, after it had passed the Athenian
senate, was fixed on a tablet for public inspection previously to its
being proposed to the general assembly of the people.

2. An edict published for public information; an official bulletin; a
public proclamation.

3. See Programme.

4. A preface. [Obs.] T. Warton.

Pro"gramme (?), n. [L. programma a public proclamation, manifesto, Gr.
&?;, fr. &?; to write before or in public; &?; before, forth + &?; to
write; cf. F. programme. See Graphic.] That which is written or printed
as a public notice or advertisement; a scheme; a prospectus;
especially, a brief outline or explanation of the order to be pursued,
or the subjects embraced, in any public exercise, performance, or
entertainment; a preliminary sketch.

Programme music (Mus.), descriptive instrumental music which requires
an argument or programme to explain the meaning of its several
movements.

Prog"ress (?; 277), n. [L. progressus, from progredi, p. p. progressus,
to go forth or forward; pro forward + gradi to step, go: cf. F.
progrËs. See Grade.]

1. A moving or going forward; a proceeding onward; an advance;
specifically: (a) In actual space, as the progress of a ship, carriage,
etc. (b) In the growth of an animal or plant; increase. (c) In business
of any kind; as, the progress of a negotiation; the progress of art.
(d) In knowledge; in proficiency; as, the progress of a child at
school. (e) Toward ideal completeness or perfection in respect of
quality or condition; -- applied to individuals, communities, or the
race; as, social, moral, religious, or political progress.

2. A journey of state; a circuit; especially, one made by a sovereign
through parts of his own dominions.

    The king being returned from his progresse.


Evelyn.

Pro*gress" (?; formerly pronounced like Progress, n.), v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Progressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Progressing.]

1. To make progress; to move forward in space; to continue onward in
course; to proceed; to advance; to go on; as, railroads are
progressing. "As his recovery progressed." Thackeray.

    Let me wipe off this honorable dew, That silverly doth progress on
    thy checks.


Shak.

    They progress in that style in proportion as their pieces are
    treated with contempt.


Washington.

    The war had progressed for some time.


Marshall.

2. To make improvement; to advance. Bayard.

    If man progresses, art must progress too.


Caird.

Prog"ress (?; see Progress, v. i.), v. t. To make progress in; to pass
through. [Obs.] Milton.

Pro*gres"sion (?), n. [L. progressio: cf. F. progression.]

1. The act of moving forward; a proceeding in a course; motion onward.

2. Course; passage; lapse or process of time.

    I hope, in a short progression, you will be wholly immerged in the
    delices and joys of religion.


Evelyn.

3. (Math.) Regular or proportional advance in increase or decrease of
numbers; continued proportion, arithmetical, geometrical, or harmonic.

4. (Mus.) A regular succession of tones or chords; the movement of the
parts in harmony; the order of the modulations in a piece from key to
key.

Arithmetical progression, a progression in which the terms increase or
decrease by equal differences, as the numbers 2, 4, 6, 8, 1010, 8, 6,
4, 2 by the difference 2.

-- Geometrical progression, a progression in which the terms increase
or decrease by equal ratios, as the numbers 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 6464, 32,
16, 8, 4, 2 by a continual multiplication or division by 2.

-- Harmonic progression, a progression in which the terms are the
reciprocals of quantities in arithmetical progression, as Ω, º, , , .

Pro*gres"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to progression; tending to,
or capable of, progress.

Pro*gres"sion*ist, n.

1. One who holds to a belief in the progression of society toward
perfection.

2. One who maintains the doctrine of progression in organic forms; --
opposed to uniformitarian. H. Spencer.

Prog"ress*ist (?), n. One who makes, or holds to, progress; a
progressionist.

Pro*gress"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. progressif.]

1. Moving forward; proceeding onward; advancing; evincing progress;
increasing; as, progressive motion or course; -- opposed to retrograde.

2. Improving; as, art is in a progressive state.

Progressive euchre or whist, a way of playing at card parties, by which
after every game, the losers at the first table go to the last table,
and the winners at all the tables, except the first, move up to the
next table. -- Progressive muscular atrophy (Med.), a nervous disorder
characterized by continuous atrophy of the muscles.

-- Pro*gress"ive*ly, adv. -- Pro*gress"ive*ness, n.

Progue (?), v. i. To prog. [Obs.] P. Fletcher.

Progue, n. A sharp point; a goad. [Scot. & Local, U. S.] -- v. t. To
prick; to goad. [ Scot. & Local, U. S.].

Pro"heme (?), n. Proem. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pro*hib"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prohibited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prohibiting.] [L. prohibitus, p. p. of prohibere to prohibit; pro
before, forth + habere to have, hold. See Habit.]

1. To forbid by authority; to interdict; as, God prohibited Adam from
eating of the fruit of a certain tree; we prohibit a person from doing
a thing, and also the doing of the thing; as, the law prohibits men
from stealing, or it prohibits stealing.

Prohibit was formerly followed by to with the infinitive, but is now
commonly followed by from with the verbal noun in -ing.

2. To hinder; to debar; to prevent; to preclude.

    Gates of burning adamant, Barred over us, prohibit all egress.


Milton.

Syn. -- To forbid; interdict; debar; prevent; hinder. -- Prohibit,
Forbid. To forbid is Anglo-Saxon, and is more familiar; to prohibit is
Latin, and is more formal or official. A parent forbids his child to be
out late at night; he prohibits his intercourse with the profane and
vicious.

Pro*hib"it*er (?), n. One who prohibits or forbids; a forbidder; an
interdicter.

Pro`hi*bi"tion (?), n. [L. prohibitio: cf. F. prohibition.]

1. The act of prohibiting; a declaration or injunction forbidding some
action; interdict.

    The law of God, in the ten commandments, consists mostly of
    prohibitions.


Tillotson.

2. Specifically, the forbidding by law of the sale of alcoholic liquors
as beverages.

Writ of prohibition (Law), a writ issued by a superior tribunal,
directed to an inferior court, commanding the latter to cease from the
prosecution of a suit depending before it. Blackstone.

By ellipsis, prohibition is used for the writ itself.

Pro`hi*bi"tion*ist, n.

1. One who favors prohibitory duties on foreign goods in commerce; a
protectionist.

2. One who favors the prohibition of the sale (or of the sale and
manufacture) of alcoholic liquors as beverages.

Pro*hib"it*ive, a. [Cf. F. prohibitif.] That prohibits; prohibitory;
as, a tax whose effect is prohibitive.

Pro*hib"it*o*ry (?), a. [L. prohibitorius.] Tending to prohibit,
forbid, or exclude; implying prohibition; forbidding; as, a prohibitory
law; a prohibitory price.

Prohibitory index. (R. C. Ch.) See under Index.

Proin (proin), v. t. [See Prune to trim.] To lop; to trim; to prune; to
adorn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

    The sprigs that did about it grow He proined from the leafy arms.


Chapman.

Proin, v. i. To employed in pruning. [Obs.]

Proj"ect (?; 277), n. [OF. project, F. projet, fr. L. projectus, p. p.
of projicere to project; pro forward + jacere to throw. See Jet a
shooting forth, and cf. Projet.]

1. The place from which a thing projects, or starts forth. [Obs.]
Holland.

2. That which is projected or designed; something intended or devised;
a scheme; a design; a plan.

    Vented much policy, and projects deep.


Milton.

    Projects of happiness devised by human reason.


Rogers.

    He entered into the project with his customary ardor.


Prescott.

3. An idle scheme; an impracticable design; as, a man given to
projects.

Syn. -- Design; scheme; plan; purpose. -- Project, Design. A project is
something of a practical nature thrown out for consideration as to its
being done. A design is a project when matured and settled, as a thing
to be accomplished. An ingenious man has many projects, but, if
governed by sound sense, will be slow in forming them into designs. See
also Scheme.

Pro*ject" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Projected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Projecting.] [Cf. OF. projecter, F. projeter.]

1. To throw or cast forward; to shoot forth.

    Before his feet herself she did project.


Spenser.

    Behold! th' ascending villas on my side Project long shadows o'er
    the crystal tide.


Pope.

2. To cast forward or revolve in the mind; to contrive; to devise; to
scheme; as, to project a plan.

    What sit then projecting peace and war?


Milton.

3. (Persp.) To draw or exhibit, as the form of anything; to delineate;
as, to project a sphere, a map, an ellipse, and the like; -- sometimes
with on, upon, into, etc.; as, to project a line or point upon a plane.
See Projection, 4.

Pro*ject" (?), v. i.

1. To shoot forward; to extend beyond something else; to be prominent;
to jut; as, the cornice projects; branches project from the tree.

2. To form a project; to scheme. [R.] Fuller.

Pro*ject"ile (?), a. [Cf. F. projectile.]

1. Projecting or impelling forward; as, a projectile force.

2. Caused or imparted by impulse or projection; impelled forward; as,
projectile motion. Arbuthnot.

Pro*ject"ile, n. [Cf. F. projectile.]

1. A body projected, or impelled forward, by force; especially, a
missile adapted to be shot from a firearm.

2. pl. (Mech.) A part of mechanics which treats of the motion, range,
time of flight, etc., of bodies thrown or driven through the air by an
impelling force.

Pro*jec"tion (?), n. [L. projectio: cf. F. projection.]

1. The act of throwing or shooting forward.

2. A jutting out; also, a part jutting out, as of a building; an
extension beyond something else.

3. The act of scheming or planning; also, that which is planned;
contrivance; design; plan. Davenant.

4. (Persp.) The representation of something; delineation; plan;
especially, the representation of any object on a perspective plane, or
such a delineation as would result were the chief points of the object
thrown forward upon the plane, each in the direction of a line drawn
through it from a given point of sight, or central point; as, the
projection of a sphere. The several kinds of projection differ
according to the assumed point of sight and plane of projection in
each.

5. (Geog.) Any method of representing the surface of the earth upon a
plane.

Conical projection, a mode of representing the sphere, the spherical
surface being projected upon the surface of a cone tangent to the
sphere, the point of sight being at the center of the sphere. --
Cylindric projection, a mode of representing the sphere, the spherical
surface being projected upon the surface of a cylinder touching the
sphere, the point of sight being at the center of the sphere. --
Globular, Gnomonic, Orthographic, projection,etc. See under Globular,
Gnomonic, etc. -- Mercator's projection, a mode of representing the
sphere in which the meridians are drawn parallel to each other, and the
parallels of latitude are straight lines whose distance from each other
increases with their distance from the equator, so that at all places
the degrees of latitude and longitude have to each other the same ratio
as on the sphere itself. -- Oblique projection, a projection made by
parallel lines drawn from every point of a figure and meeting the plane
of projection obliquely. -- Polar projection, a projection of the
sphere in which the point of sight is at the center, and the plane of
projection passes through one of the polar circles. -- Powder of
projection (Alchemy.), a certain powder cast into a crucible or other
vessel containing prepared metal or other matter which is to be thereby
transmuted into gold. -- Projection of a point on a plane (Descriptive
Geom.), the foot of a perpendicular to the plane drawn through the
point. -- Projection of a straight line of a plane, the straight line
of the plane connecting the feet of the perpendiculars let fall from
the extremities of the given line.

Syn. -- See Protuberance.

Pro*ject"ment (?), n. Design; contrivance; projection. [Obs.]
Clarendon.

Pro*ject"or (?), n. [Cf. F. projeteur.] One who projects a scheme or
design; hence, one who forms fanciful or chimerical schemes.
L'Estrange.

Pro*jec"ture (?), n. [L. projectura: cf. F. projecture.] A jutting out
beyond a surface.

||Pro`jet" (?), n. [F. See Project, n.] A plan proposed; a draft of a
||proposed measure; a project.

Proke (?), v. i. To poke; to thrust. [Obs.] Holland.

Pro*lapse" (?), n. [L. prolapsus, fr. prolapsus, p. p. of prolabi to
fall forward; pro forward + labi to glide, fall.] (Med.) The falling
down of a part through the orifice with which it is naturally
connected, especially of the uterus or the rectum. Dunglison.

Pro*lapse", v. i. To fall down or out; to protrude.

Pro*lap"sion (?), n. [L. prolapsio.] (Med.) Prolapse. [ Written also
prolaption.] [Obs.]

Pro*lap"sus (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Prolapse.

Pro"late (?), a. [L. prolatus, used as p. p. of proferre to bring
forth, to extend; pro + latus, p. p. See Pro-, and Tolerate. ]
Stretched out; extended; especially, elongated in the direction of a
line joining the poles; as, a prolate spheroid; -- opposed to oblate.

Prolate cycloid. See the Note under Cycloid. -- Prolate ellipsoid or
spheroid (Geom.), a figure generated by the revolution of an ellipse
about its major axis. See Ellipsoid of revolution, under Ellipsoid.

Pro*late" (?), v. t. To utter; to pronounce. [Obs.] "Foun-der-ed;
prolate it right." B. Jonson.

Pro*la"tion (?), n. [L. prolatio: cf. F. prolation.]

1. The act of prolating or pronouncing; utterance; pronunciation.
[Obs.] Ray.

2. The act of deferring; delay. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

3. (Mus.) A mediÊval method of determining of the proportionate
duration of semibreves and minims. Busby.

||Pro*la"tum (?), n.; pl. Prolata (#). [ NL. See Prolate.] (Geom.) A
||prolate spheroid. See Ellipsoid of revolution, under Ellipsoid.

Pro"leg (?), n. [Pref. pro- for, in place of + leg.] (Zoˆl.) One of the
fleshy legs found on the abdominal segments of the larvÊ of
Lepidoptera, sawflies, and some other insects. Those of Lepidoptera
have a circle of hooks. Called also proped, propleg, and falseleg.

Pro"leg`ate (?; 48), n. [L. prolegatus; pro for + legatus legate.]
(Rom. Hist.) The deputy or substitute for a legate.

<! p. 1146 !>

Prol`e*gom"e*na*ry (?), a. Of the nature of a prolegomenon;
preliminary; introductory; prefatory.

||Prol`e*gom"e*non (?), n.; pl. Prolegomena (#). [ NL., fr. Gr. &?;,
||properly neut. pass. p. pr. of &?; to say beforehand; &?; before +
||&?; to say.] A preliminary remark or observation; an introductory
||discourse prefixed to a book or treatise. D. Stokes (1659). Sir W.
||Scott.

||Pro*lep"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to take beforehand;
||&?; before + &?; to take.]

1. (Rhet.) (a) A figure by which objections are anticipated or
prevented. Abp. Bramhall. (b) A necessary truth or assumption; a first
or assumed principle.

2. (Chron.) An error in chronology, consisting in an event being dated
before the actual time.

3. (Gram.) The application of an adjective to a noun in anticipation,
or to denote the result, of the action of the verb; as, to strike one
dumb.

{ Pro*lep"tic (?), Pro*lep"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F.
proleptique.]

1. Of or pertaining to prolepsis; anticipative. "A far-seeing or
proleptic wisdom." De Quincey.

2. Previous; antecedent. Glanvill.

3. (Med.) Anticipating the usual time; -- applied to a periodical
disease whose paroxysms return at an earlier hour at every repetition.

Pro*lep"tic*al*ly, adv. In a proleptical manner.

Pro*lep"tics (?), n. (Med.) The art and science of predicting in
medicine. Laycock.

||Pro`lÈ`taire" (?), n. [F. See Proletary.] One of the common people; a
||low person; also, the common people as a class or estate in a
||country.

Prol`e*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. proletaneus.] Having a numerous offspring.
[R.]

Prol`e*ta"ri*an (?), a. [L. proletarius. See Proletary.] Of or
pertaining to the proletaries; belonging to the commonalty; hence,
mean; vile; vulgar. "Every citizen, if he were not a proletarian animal
kept at the public cost." De Quincey. -- n. A proletary.

Prol`e*ta"ri*at (?), n. [F.] The indigent class in the State; the body
of proletarians.

Prol`e*ta"ri*ate (?), n. The lower classes; beggars. "The Italian
proletariate." J. A. Symonds.

Prol"e*ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Proletaries (#). [ L. proletarius, fr. proles
offspring. Cf. ProlÈtaire.] (Rom. Antiq.) A citizen of the lowest
class, who served the state, not with property, but only by having
children; hence, a common person.

Prol"i*cide (?), n. [L. proles offspring + caedere to kill.] The crime
of destroying one's offspring, either in the womb or after birth.
Bouvier.

Pro*lif"er*ate (?), v. t. [L. proles offspring + ferre to bear.]

1. (Biol.) To produce or form cells; especially, to produce cells
rapidly.

2. (Zoˆl.) To produce zooids by budding.

Pro*lif`er*a"tion (?), n.

1. (Biol.) The continuous development of cells in tissue formation;
cell formation. Virchow.

2. (Zoˆl.) The production of numerous zooids by budding, especially
when buds arise from other buds in succession.

Pro*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. proles offspring + -ferous.]

1. (Bot.) Bearing offspring; -- applied to a flower from within which
another is produced, or to a branch or frond from which another rises,
or to a plant which is reproduced by buds or gemmÊ.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) Producing young by budding. (b) Producing sexual zooids
by budding; -- said of the blastostyle of a hydroid. (c) Producing a
cluster of branchlets from a larger branch; -- said of corals.

Proliferous cyst (Med.), a cyst that produces highly-organized or even
vascular structures. Paget.

-- Pro*lif"er*ous*ly, adv.

Pro*lif"ic (?), a. [F. prolifique, fr. L. proles offspring (from pro
for, forward + the root of alere to nourish) + facere to make. See
Adult, Old, and Fact.]

1. Having the quality of generating; producing young or fruit;
generative; fruitful; productive; -- applied to plants producing fruit,
animals producing young, etc.; -- usually with the implied idea of
frequent or numerous production; as, a prolific tree, female, and the
like.

2. Serving to produce; fruitful of results; active; as, a prolific
brain; a controversy prolific of evil.

3. (Bot.) Proliferous.

Pro*lif"ic*a*cy (?), n. Prolificness. [R.]

Pro*lif"ic*al (?), a. Producing young or fruit abundantly; fruitful;
prolific. -- Pro*lif"ic*al*ly, adv.

Pro*lif"ic*ate (?), v. t. [See Prolific.] To make prolific; to
fertilize; to impregnate. Sir T. Browne.

Pro*lif`i*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. prolification, LL. prolificatio.]

1. The generation of young.

2. (Bot.) Reproduction by the growth of a plant, or part of a plant,
directly from an older one, or by gemmÊ.

Pro*lif"ic*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being prolific;
fruitfulness; prolificacy.

Pro*lix" (?; 277), a. [L. prolixus extended, long, prolix, probably fr.
pro before, forward + liqui to flow, akin to liquidus liquid; cf. OL.
lixa water: cf. F. prolixe. See Liquid.]

1. Extending to a great length; unnecessarily long; minute in narration
or argument; excessively particular in detail; -- rarely used except
with reference to discourse written or spoken; as, a prolix oration; a
prolix poem; a prolix sermon.

    With wig prolix, down flowing to his waist.


Cowper.

2. Indulging in protracted discourse; tedious; wearisome; -- applied to
a speaker or writer.

Syn. -- Long; diffuse; prolonged; protracted; tedious; tiresome;
wearisome. -- Prolix, Diffuse. A prolix writer delights in
circumlocution, extended detail, and trifling particulars. A diffuse
writer is fond of amplifying, and abounds in epithets, figures, and
illustrations. Diffuseness often arises from an exuberance of
imagination; prolixity is generally connected with a want of it.

Pro*lix"ious (?), a. Dilatory; tedious; superfluous. [Obs.] "Lay by all
nicety, and prolixious blushes." Shak.

Pro*lix"i*ty (?), n. [L. prolixitas: cf. F. prolixitÈ.] The quality or
state of being prolix; great length; minute detail; as, prolixity in
discourses and writings. "For fulsomeness of his prolixitee." Chaucer.

    Idly running on with vain prolixity.


Drayton.

Pro*lix"ly, adv. In a prolix manner. Dryden.

Pro*lix"ness, n. Prolixity. Adam Smith.

Proll (?), v. t. [See Prowl.] [imp. & p. p. Prolled (&?;); p. pr. & vb.
n. Prolling.] To search or prowl after; to rob; to plunder. [Obs.]
Barrow.

Proll, v. i. To prowl about; to rob. [Obs.] South.

    Though ye prolle aye, ye shall it never find.


Chaucer.

Proll"er (?), n. Prowler; thief. [Obs.] Chapman.

Prol`o*cu"tor (?), n. [L., from proloqui, p. p. prolocutus, to speak
out; pro for + loqui to speak.]

1. One who speaks for another. Jeffrey.

2. The presiding officer of a convocation. Macaulay.

Prol`o*cu"tor*ship, n. The office of a prolocutor.

Pro"log (?), n. & v. Prologue.

Pro"lo*gize (?), v. i. [Gr. &?;. See Prologue.] To deliver a Prologue.
[R.] Whewell.

Pro"lo*gi`zer (?), n. One who prologizes. [R.]

Pro"logue (?), n. [F., fr. L. prologus, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to say
beforehand; &?; before + &?; to say. See Logic.]

1. The preface or introduction to a discourse, poem, or performance;
as, the prologue of Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales;" esp., a discourse or
poem spoken before a dramatic performance

2. One who delivers a prologue. [R.] Shak.

Pro"logue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prologued (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prologuing.] To introduce with a formal preface, or prologue. [R.]
Shak.

Pro*long" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prolonged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prolonging.] [F. prolonger, L. prolongare; pro before, forth + longus
long. See Long, a., and cf. Prolongate, Purloin. ]

1. To extend in space or length; as, to prolong a line.

2. To lengthen in time; to extend the duration of; to draw out; to
continue; as, to prolong one's days.

    Prolong awhile the traitor's life.


Shak.

    The unhappy queen with talk prolonged the night.


Dryden.

3. To put off to a distant time; to postpone. Shak.

Pro*long"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being prolonged; as, life is
prolongable by care.

    Each syllable being a prolongable quantity.


Rush.

Pro*lon"gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prolongated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prolongating.] [L. prolongatus, p. p. of prolongare. See Prolong.] To
prolong; to extend in space or in time. [R.]

Pro`lon*ga"tion (?), n. [F. prolongation.]

1. The act of lengthening in space or in time; extension; protraction.
Bacon.

2. That which forms an additional length.

Pro*longe" (?), n. [F. See Prolong.] (Field Artillery) A rope with a
hook and a toggle, sometimes used to drag a gun carriage or to lash it
to the limber, and for various other purposes.

Pro*long"er (?), n. One who, or that which, causes an extension in time
or space.

Pro*long"ment (?), n. Prolongation.

Pro*lu"sion (?), n. [L. prolusio, fr. proludere to prelude; pro before
+ ludere to play: cf. F. prolusion, It. prolusione.] A trial before the
principal performance; a prelude; hence, an introductory essay or
exercise. "Domestic prolusions." Thackeray.

    Her presence was in some measure a restraint on the worthy divine,
    whose prolusion lasted.


Sir W. Scott.

Prom`a*na"tion (?), n. [Pref. pro-  + L. manatio a flowing, fr. manare
to flow.] The act of flowing forth; emanation; efflux. [Obs.] Dr. H.
More.

Prom`e*nade" (?), n. [F. (with a foreign suffix), from promener to
lead, take for a walk, se promener to walk, from L. prominare to drive
forward or along; pro forward + minare to drive animals. See Amenable,
Menace.]

1. A walk for pleasure, display, or exercise. Burke.

2. A place for walking; a public walk. Bp. Montagu.

Prom`e*nade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Promenaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Promenading.] To walk for pleasure, display, or exercise.

Prom`e*nad"er (?), n. One who promenades.

Pro*mer"it (?), v. t. [L. promeritus, p. p. of promerere to deserve;
pro before + merere to merit.]

1. To oblige; to confer a favor on. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

2. To deserve; to procure by merit. [Obs.] Davenant.

||Prom"e*rops (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?; bee-eater.]
||(Zoˆl.) Any one of several species of very brilliant birds belonging
||to Promerops, Epimarchus, and allied genera, closely related to the
||paradise birds, and mostly native of New Guinea. They have a long
||curved beak and a long graduated tail.

||Pro*me"the*a (?), n. [NL. See Prometheus.] (Zoˆl.) A large American
||bombycid moth (Callosamia promethea). Its larva feeds on the
||sassafras, wild cherry, and other trees, and suspends its cocoon from
||a branch by a silken band.

Pro*me"the*an (?), a. [L. Prometh&?;us: cf. F. promÈthÈen.]

1. Of or pertaining to Prometheus. See Prometheus. "Promethean fire."
Shak.

2. Having a life-giving quality; inspiring.

Pro*me"the*an (?), n. (Old Chem.) (a) An apparatus for automatic
ignition. (b) A kind of lucifer match.

Pro*me"the*us (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to have forethought
for.] (Class. Myth.) The son of Iapetus (one of the Titans) and
Clymene, fabled by the poets to have surpassed all mankind in
knowledge, and to have formed men of clay to whom he gave life by means
of fire stolen from heaven. Jupiter, being angry at this, sent Mercury
to bind Prometheus to Mount Caucasus, where a vulture preyed upon his
liver.

{ Prom"i*nence (?), Prom"i*nen*cy (?), } n. [L. prominentia: cf. F.
prominence. See Prominent. ]

1. The quality or state of being prominent; a standing out from
something; conspicuousness.

2. That which is prominent; a protuberance.

Solar prominences. (Astron.) See Solar Protuberances, under
Protuberance.

Prom"i*nent (?), a. [L. prominens, -entis, p. pr. of prominere to jut
out, to project; pro before, forward + minere (in comp.) to jut,
project: cf. F. prominent. See Imminent, Eminent.]

1. Standing out, or projecting, beyond the line surface of something;
jutting; protuberant; in high relief; as, a prominent figure on a vase.

2. Hence; Distinctly manifest; likely to attract attention from its
size or position; conspicuous; as, a prominent feature of the face; a
prominent building.

3. Eminent; distinguished above others; as, a prominent character.

Prominent' moth (Zoˆl.), any moth of the family NotodontidÊ; a
notodontian; -- so called because the larva has a hump or prominence on
its back. Several of the species are injurious to fruit trees.

Prom"i*nent*ly, adv. In a prominent manner.

Pro`mis*cu"i*ty (?), n. Promiscuousness; confusion. H. Spencer.

Pro*mis"cu*ous (?), a. [L. promiscuus; pro before, in place of, for +
miscere to mix. See Mix. ]

1. Consisting of individuals united in a body or mass without order;
mingled; confused; undistinguished; as, a promiscuous crowd or mass.

    A wild, where weeds and flowers promiscuous shoot.


Pope.

2. Distributed or applied without order or discrimination; not
restricted to an individual; common; indiscriminate; as, promiscuous
love or intercourse.

Pro*mis"cu*ous*ly, adv. In a promiscuous manner.

Pro*mis"cu*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being promiscuous.

Prom"ise (?), a. [F. promesse, L. promissum, fr. promittere, promissum,
to put forth, foretell, promise; pro forward, for + mittere to send.
See Mission. ]

1. In general, a declaration, written or verbal, made by one person to
another, which binds the person who makes it to do, or to forbear to
do, a specified act; a declaration which gives to the person to whom it
is made a right to expect or to claim the performance or forbearance of
a specified act.

    For if the inheritance be of the law, it is no more of promise: but
    God gave it to Abraham by promise.


Gal. iii. 18.

2. (Law) An engagement by one person to another, either in words or in
writing, but properly not under seal, for the performance or
nonperformance of some particular thing. The word promise is used to
denote the mere engagement of a person, without regard to the
consideration for it, or the corresponding duty of the party to whom it
is made. Chitty. Parsons. Burrill.

3. That which causes hope, expectation, or assurance; especially, that
which affords expectation of future distinction; as, a youth of great
promise. Shak.

    My native country was full of youthful promise.


W. Irving.

4. Bestowal, fulfillment, or grant of what is promised.

    He . . . commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem,
    but wait for the promise of the Father.


Acts i. 4.

Prom"ise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Promised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Promising.]

1. To engage to do, give, make, or to refrain from doing, giving, or
making, or the like; to covenant; to engage; as, to promise a visit; to
promise a cessation of hostilities; to promise the payment of money.
"To promise aid." Shak.

2. To afford reason to expect; to cause hope or assurance of; as, the
clouds promise rain. Milton.

3. To make declaration of or give assurance of, as some benefit to be
conferred; to pledge or engage to bestow; as, the proprietors promised
large tracts of land; the city promised a reward.

Promised land. See Land of promise, under Land. -- To promise one's
self. (a) To resolve; to determine; to vow. (b) To be assured; to have
strong confidence.

    I dare promise myself you will attest the truth of all I have
    advanced.


Rambler.

Prom"ise, v. i.

1. To give assurance by a promise, or binding declaration.

2. To afford hopes or expectation; to give ground to expect good;
rarely, to give reason to expect evil.

    Will not the ladies be afeard of the lion? I fear it, I promise
    you.


Shak.

Prom`is*ee" (?), n. (Law) The person to whom a promise is made.

Prom"is*er (?), n. One who promises.

Prom"is*ing, a. Making a promise or promises; affording hope or
assurance; as, promising person; a promising day. -- Prom"is*ing*ly,
adv.

Prom"is*or (?), n. (Law) One who engages or undertakes; a promiser.
Burrill.

Pro*mis"sive (?), a. Making a promise; implying a promise; promising.
[R.]

<! p. 1147 !>

Prom"is*so*ri*ly (?), adv. In a promissory manner. Sir T. Browne.

Prom"is*so*ry (?), a. Containing a promise or binding declaration of
something to be done or forborne.

Promissory note (Law), a written promise to pay to some person named,
and at a time specified therein, or on demand, or at sight, a certain
sum of money, absolutely and at all events; -- frequently called a note
of hand. Kent. Byles. Story.

Prom"ont (?), n. Promontory. [R.] Drayton.

Prom"on*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Promontories (#). [ L. promonturium,
promunturium; pro before + mons, montis, mountain: cf. F. promontoire.
See Mount, n.]

1. (Phys. Geog.) A high point of land or rock projecting into the sea
beyond the line of coast; a headland; a high cape.

    Like one that stands upon a promontory.


Shak.

2. (Anat.) A projecting part. Especially: (a) The projecting angle of
the ventral side of the sacrum where it joins the last lumbar vertebra.
(b) A prominence on the inner wall of the tympanum of the ear.

Pro*mor`pho*log"ic*al (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to promorphology; as, a
promorphological conception.

Pro`mor*phol"o*gist (?), n. (Biol.) One versed in the science of
promorphology.

Pro`mor*phol"o*gy (?), n. [Pref. pro-  + morphology.] (Biol.)
Crystallography of organic forms; -- a division of morphology created
by Haeckel. It is essentially stereometric, and relates to a
mathematical conception of organic forms. See Tectology.

Pro*mote" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Promoted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Promoting.] [L. promotus, p. p. of promovere to move forward, to
promote; pro forward + movere to move. See Move.]

1. To contribute to the growth, enlargement, or prosperity of (any
process or thing that is in course); to forward; to further; to
encourage; to advance; to excite; as, to promote learning; to promote
disorder; to promote a business venture. "Born to promote all truth."
Milton.

2. To exalt in station, rank, or honor; to elevate; to raise; to
prefer; to advance; as, to promote an officer.

    I will promote thee unto very great honor.


Num. xxii. 17.

    Exalt her, and she shall promote thee.


Prov. iv. 18.

Syn. -- To forward; advance; further; patronize; help; exalt; prefer;
elevate; dignify.

Pro*mote", v. i. To urge on or incite another, as to strife; also, to
inform against a person. [Obs.]

Pro*mot"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, forwards, advances, or
promotes; an encourager; as, a promoter of charity or philosophy.
Boyle.

2. Specifically, one who sets on foot, and takes the preliminary steps
in, a scheme for the organization of a corporation, a joint-stock
company, or the like.

3. One who excites; as, a promoter of sedition.

4. An informer; a makebate. [Obs.] Tusser.

Pro*mo"tion (-m"shn), n. [L. promotio: cf. F. promotion.] The act of
promoting, advancing, or encouraging; the act of exalting in rank or
honor; also, the condition of being advanced, encouraged, or exalted in
honor; preferment. Milton.

    Promotion cometh neither from the east, nor from the west, nor from
    the south.


Ps. lxxv. 6.

Pro*mo"tive (?), a. Tending to advance, promote, or encourage. Hume.

Pro*move" (?), v. t. [See Promote.] To move forward; to advance; to
promote. [Obs.] Bp. Fell.

Pro*mov"er (?), n. A promoter. [Obs.]

Prompt (prmt; 215), a. [Compar. Prompter (?); superl. Promptest.] [F.
prompt, L. promptus, properly, brought forth (to light or view), hence,
visible, evident, at hand, ready, quick, -- p. p. of promere to take or
bring forth; pro forth + emere to take. See Redeem. ]

1. Ready and quick to act as occasion demands; meeting requirements
readily; not slow, dilatory, or hesitating in decision or action;
responding on the instant; immediate; as, prompt in obedience or
compliance; -- said of persons.

    Very discerning and prompt in giving orders.


Clarendon.

    Tell him I am prompt To lay my crown at's feet.


Shak.

    And you, perhaps, too prompt in your replies.


Dryden.

2. Done or rendered quickly, readily, or immediately; given without
delay or hesitation; -- said of conduct; as, prompt assistance.

    When Washington heard the voice of his country in distress, his
    obedience was prompt.


Ames.

3. Easy; unobstructed. [Obs.]

    The reception of the light into the body of the building was very
    prompt.


Sir H. Wotton.

Syn. -- Ready; expeditious; quick; agile; alert; brisk; nimble. --
Prompt, Ready, Expeditious. One who is ready is prepared to act at the
moment. One who is prompt acts at the moment. One who is expeditious
carries through an undertaking with constant promptness.

Prompt, n. (Com.) A limit of time given for payment of an account for
produce purchased, this limit varying with different goods. See
Prompt-note.

    To cover any probable difference of price which might arise before
    the expiration of the prompt, which for this article [tea] is three
    months.


J. S. Mill.

Prompt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prompted; p. pr. & vb. n. Prompting.]

1. To assist or induce the action of; to move to action; to instigate;
to incite.

    God first . . . prompted on the infirmities of the infant world by
    temporal prosperity.


Jer. Taylor.

2. To suggest; to dictate.

    And whispering angles prompt her golden dreams.


Pope.

3. To remind, as an actor or an orator, of words or topics forgotten.

Prompt"-book` (&?;), n. The book used by a prompter of a theater.

Prompt"er (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, prompts; one who admonishes or incites to
action.

2. One who reminds another, as an actor or an orator, of the words to
be spoken next; specifically, one employed for this purpose in a
theater.

Prompt"i*tude (?), n. [F., fr. L. promptitudo. See Prompt, a.] The
quality of being prompt; quickness of decision and action when occasion
demands; alacrity; as, promptitude in obedience.

    Men of action, of promptitude, and of courage.


I. Taylor.

Prompt"ly, adv. In a prompt manner.

Prompt"ness, n.

1. Promptitude; readiness; quickness of decision or action.

2. Cheerful willingness; alacrity.

Prompt"-note` (?), n. (Com.) A memorandum of a sale, and time when
payment is due, given to the purchaser at a sale of goods.

Promp"tu*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to preparation. [R.] Bacon.

Promp"tu*a*ry, n. [L. promptuarium, fr. promptuarius belonging to
distribution, distributing: cf, F. promptuaire. See Prompt, a.] That
from which supplies are drawn; a storehouse; a magazine; a repository.
Woodward.

Promp"ture (?; 135), n. [See Prompt, a.] Suggestion; incitement;
prompting. [R.] Shak. Coleridge.

Pro*mul"gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Promulgated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Promulgating.] [L. promulgatus, p. p. of promulgare to promulgate; of
unknown origin. Cf. Promulge.] To make known by open declaration, as
laws, decrees, or tidings; to publish; as, to promulgate the secrets of
a council.

Syn. -- To publish; declare; proclaim. See Announce.

Pro`mul*ga"tion (?), n. [L. promulgatio: cf. F. promulgation.] The act
of promulgating; publication; open declaration; as, the promulgation of
the gospel. South.

Pro"mul*ga`tor (?), n. [L.] One who promulgates or publishes. Dr. H.
More.

Pro*mulge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Promulged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Promulging (?).] [Cf. F. promulguer. See Promulgate.] To promulgate; to
publish or teach. Blackstone.

    Extraordinary doctrines these for the age in which they were
    promulged.


Prescott.

Pro*mul"ger (?), n. One who promulges or publishes what was before
unknown. Atterbury.

||Pro*mus"cis (?), n. [L., corruption of proboscis.] (Zoˆl.) The
||proboscis of hemipterous insects. See Illust. under Hemiptera.

||Pro*na"os (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; temple.] (Arch.)
||The porch or vestibule of a temple.

Pro"nate (?), a. [L. pronatus, p. p. of pronare to bend forward. See
Prone.] Somewhat prone; inclined; as, pronate trees. Kane.

Pro*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pronation.] (Physiol.) (a) The act of
turning the palm or palmar surface of the forefoot downward. (b) That
motion of the forearm whereby the palm or palmar, surface is turned
downward. (c) The position of the limb resulting from the act of
pronation. Opposed to supination.

Pro*na"tor (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) A muscle which produces pronation.

Prone (?), a. [L. pronus, akin to Gr. &?;, &?;, Skr. pravana sloping,
inclined, and also to L. pro forward, for. See Pro-.]

1. Bending forward; inclined; not erect.

    Towards him they bend With awful reverence prone.


Milton.

2. Prostrate; flat; esp., lying with the face down; -- opposed to
supine.

    Which, as the wind, Blew where it listed, laying all things prone.


Byron.

3. Headlong; running downward or headlong. "Down thither prone in
flight." Milton.

4. Sloping, with reference to a line or surface; declivous; inclined;
not level.

    Since the floods demand, For their descent, a prone and sinking
    land.


Blackmore.

5. Inclined; propense; disposed; -- applied to the mind or affections,
usually in an ill sense. Followed by to. "Prone to mischief." Shak.

    Poets are nearly all prone to melancholy.


Landor.

Prone"ly, adv. In a prone manner or position.

Prone"ness, n.

1. The quality or state of being prone, or of bending downward; as, the
proneness of beasts is opposed to the erectness of man.

2. The state of lying with the face down; -- opposed to supineness.

3. Descent; declivity; as, the proneness of a hill.

4. Inclination of mind, heart, or temper; propension; disposition; as,
proneness to self- gratification.

Pro*neph"ric (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pronephros.

||Pro*neph"ros (?), ||Pro*neph"ron (&?;), n. [ NL., fr. Gr. &?; before
||+ &?; a kidney.] (Anat.) The head kidney. See under Head.

Prong (?), n. [Cf. D. prangen to pinch, press, LG. prange a stick, or
W. procio to thrust, E. prowl, pang.]

1. A sharp-pointed instrument.

    Prick it on a prong of iron.


Sandys.

2. The tine of a fork, or of a similar instrument; as, a fork of two or
three prongs.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) A sharp projection, as of an antler. (b) The fang of a
tooth.

Prong"buck` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) The springbuck. (b) The pronghorn.

Pronged (?), a. Having prongs or projections like the tines of a fork;
as, a three-pronged fork.

Prong"-hoe` (?), n. A hoe with prongs to break the earth.

Prong"horn` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An American antelope (Antilocapra
Americana), native of the plain near the Rocky Mountains. The upper
parts are mostly yellowish brown; the under parts, the sides of the
head and throat, and the buttocks, are white. The horny sheath of the
horns is shed annually. Called also cabrÈe, cabut, prongbuck, and
pronghorned antelope.

Pro"ni*ty (?), n. [L. pronitas.] Proneness; propensity. [R.] Dr. H.
More.

Pro*nom"i*nal (?), a. [L. pronominalis: cf. F. pronominal. See
Pronoun.] Belonging to, or partaking of the nature of, a pronoun.

Pro*nom"i*nal*ize (?), v. t. To give the effect of a pronoun to; as, to
pronominalize the substantives person, people, etc. Early.

Pro*nom"i*nal*ly, adv. In a pronominal manner&?; with the nature or
office of a pronoun; as a pronoun.

||Pro`non`cÈ" (?), a. [F. See Pronounce.] Strongly marked; decided, as
||in manners, etc.

Pro*no"ta*ry (?), n. See Prothonotary.

||Pro*no"tum (?), n.; pl. Pronota (#). [NL. See Pro-, and Notum.]
||(Zoˆl.) The dorsal plate of the prothorax in insects. See Illust. of
||Coleoptera.

Pro"noun (?), n. [Pref. pro- + noun: cf. F. pronom, L. pronomen. See
Noun.] (Gram.) A word used instead of a noun or name, to avoid the
repetition of it. The personal pronouns in English are I, thou or you,
he, she, it, we, ye, and they.

Pro*nounce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pronounced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pronounging (?).] [F. prononcer, L. pronunciare; pro before, forth +
nunciare, nuntiare, to announce. See Announce.]

1. To utter articulately; to speak out or distinctly; to utter, as
words or syllables; to speak with the proper sound and accent as,
adults rarely learn to pronounce a foreign language correctly.

2. To utter officially or solemnly; to deliver, as a decree or
sentence; as, to pronounce sentence of death.

    Sternly he pronounced The rigid interdiction.


Milton.

3. To speak or utter rhetorically; to deliver; to recite; as, to
pronounce an oration.

    Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you.


Shak.

4. To declare or affirm; as, he pronounced the book to be a libel; he
pronounced the act to be a fraud.

    The God who hallowed thee and blessed, Pronouncing thee all good.


Keble.

Syn. -- To deliver; utter; speak. See Deliver.

Pro*nounce", v. i.

1. To give a pronunciation; to articulate; as, to pronounce
faultlessly. Earle.

2. To make declaration; to utter on opinion; to speak with confidence.
[R.] Dr. H. More.

Pro*nounce", n. Pronouncement; declaration; pronunciation. [Obs.]
Milton.

Pro*nounce"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. L. pronunciabilis declarative.] Capable
of being pronounced.

Pro*nounced" (?), a. [F. prononcÈ.] Strongly marked; unequivocal;
decided. [A Gallicism]

    [His] views became every day more pronounced.


Thackeray.

Pro*nounce"ment (?), n. The act of pronouncing; a declaration; a formal
announcement.

Pro*noun"cer (?), n. One who pronounces, utters, or declares; also, a
pronouncing book.

Pro*noun"cing (?), a. Pertaining to, or indicating, pronunciation; as,
a pronouncing dictionary.

Pro*nu"bi*al (?), a. [L. pronuba bridesmaid; pro before + nubere to
marry.] Presiding over marriage. [R.]

Pro*nu"cle*us (?), n.; pl. Pronuclei (-). [NL. See Pro-, and Nucleus.]
(Biol.) One of the two bodies or nuclei (called male and female
pronuclei) which unite to form the first segmentation nucleus of an
impregnated ovum.

In the maturing of the ovum preparatory to impregnation, a part of the
germinal vesicle (see Polar body, under Polar) becomes converted into a
number of small vesicles, which aggregate themselves into a single
clear nucleus. which travels towards the center of the egg and is
called the female pronucleus. In impregnation, the spermatozoˆn which
enters the egg soon loses its tail, while the head forms a nucleus,
called the male pronucleus, which gradually travels towards the female
pronucleus and eventually fuses with it, forming the first segmentation
nucleus.

Pro*nun"cial (?), a. Of or pertaining to pronunciation; pronunciative.

Pro*nun`ci*a*men"to (?), n. A proclamation or manifesto; a formal
announcement or declaration.

||Pro*nun`ci*a`mi"en"to (?), n. [Sp. See Pronounce.] See
||Pronunciamento.

Pro*nun`ci*a"tion (?; 277), n. [F. pronunciation, L. pronunciatio. See
Pronounce.]

1. The act of uttering with articulation; the act of giving the proper
sound and accent; utterance; as, the pronunciation of syllables of
words; distinct or indistinct pronunciation.

2. The mode of uttering words or sentences.

3. (Rhet.) The art of manner of uttering a discourse publicly with
propriety and gracefulness; -- now called delivery. J. Q. Adams.

Pro*nun"ci*a*tive (?), a. [L. pronunciativus.]

1. Of or pertaining to pronunciation.

2. Uttering confidently; dogmatical. [Obs.] Bacon.

Pro*nun"ci*a`tor (?), n. [L., a reciter.] One who pronounces; a
pronouncer.

<! p. 1148 !>

Pro*nun"ci*a*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to pronunciation; that
pronounces.

Proof (?), n. [OF. prove, proeve, F. preuve, fr. L. proba, fr. probare
to prove. See Prove.]

1. Any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover
a fact or truth; an act of testing; a test; a trial.

    For whatsoever mother wit or art Could work, he put in proof.


Spenser.

    You shall have many proofs to show your skill.


Ford.

    Formerly, a very rude mode of ascertaining the strength of spirits
    was practiced, called the proof.


Ure.

2. That degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or
fact, and produces belief; a test by facts or arguments that induce, or
tend to induce, certainty of the judgment; conclusive evidence;
demonstration.

    I'll have some proof.


Shak.

    It is no proof of a man's understanding to be able to confirm
    whatever he pleases.


Emerson.

Properly speaking, proof is the effect or result of evidence, evidence
is the medium of proof. Cf. Demonstration, 1.

3. The quality or state of having been proved or tried; firmness or
hardness that resists impression, or does not yield to force;
impenetrability of physical bodies.

4. Firmness of mind; stability not to be shaken.

5. (Print.) A trial impression, as from type, taken for correction or
examination; -- called also proof sheet.

6. (Math.) A process for testing the accuracy of an operation
performed. Cf. Prove, v. t., 5.

7. Armor of excellent or tried quality, and deemed impenetrable;
properly, armor of proof. [Obs.] Shak.

Artist's proof, a very early proof impression of an engraving, or the
like; -- often distinguished by the artist's signature. -- Proof
reader, one who reads, and marks correction in, proofs. See def. 5,
above.

Syn. -- Testimony; evidence; reason; argument; trial; demonstration.
See Testimony.

Proof, a.

1. Used in proving or testing; as, a proof load, or proof charge.

2. Firm or successful in resisting; as, proof against harm; waterproof;
bombproof.

    I . . . have found thee Proof against all temptation.


Milton.

    This was a good, stout proof article of faith.


Burke.

3. Being of a certain standard as to strength; -- said of alcoholic
liquors.

Proof charge (Firearms), a charge of powder and ball, greater than the
service charge, fired in an arm, as a gun or cannon, to test its
strength. -- Proof impression. See under Impression. -- Proof load
(Engin.), the greatest load than can be applied to a piece, as a beam,
column, etc., without straining the piece beyond the elastic limit. --
Proof sheet. See Proof, n., 5. - - Proof spirit (Chem.), a strong
distilled liquor, or mixture of alcohol and water, containing not less
than a standard amount of alcohol. In the United States "proof spirit
is defined by law to be that mixture of alcohol and water which
contains one half of its volume of alcohol, the alcohol when at a
temperature of 60∞ Fahrenheit being of specific gravity 0.7939 referred
to water at its maximum density as unity. Proof spirit has at 60∞
Fahrenheit a specific gravity of 0.93353, 100 parts by volume of the
same consisting of 50 parts of absolute alcohol and 53.71 parts of
water," the apparent excess of water being due to contraction of the
liquids on mixture. In England proof spirit is defined by Act 58,
George III., to be such as shall at a temperature of 51∞ Fahrenheit
weigh exactly the part of an equal measure of distilled water. This
contains 49.3 per cent by weight, or 57.09 by volume, of alcohol.
Stronger spirits, as those of about 60, 70, and 80 per cent of alcohol,
are sometimes called second, third, and fourth proof spirits
respectively. -- Proof staff, a straight-edge used by millers to test
the flatness of a stone. -- Proof stick (Sugar Manuf.), a rod in the
side of a vacuum pan, for testing the consistency of the sirup. --
Proof text, a passage of Scripture used to prove a doctrine.

Proof`-arm" (?), v. t. To arm with proof armor; to arm securely; as, to
proof-arm herself. [R.] Beau. & Fl.

Proof"less, a. Wanting sufficient evidence to induce belief; not
proved. Boyle. -- Proof"less*ly, adv.

Proof"-proof`, a. Proof against proofs; obstinate in the wrong. "That
might have shown to any one who was not proof-proof." Whateley.

||Pro*ˆs"tra*cum (?), n.; pl. Proˆstraca (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before
||+ &?; shell of a testacean.] (Zoˆl.) The anterior prolongation of the
||guard of the phragmocone of belemnites and allied fossil cephalopods,
||whether horny or calcareous. See Illust. of Phragmocone.

Pro*ˆ"tic (?), a. [Pref. pro-  + Gr. &?;, &?;, an ear.] (Anat.) In
front of the auditory capsule; -- applied especially to a bone, or
center of ossification, in the periotic capsule. -- n. A proˆtic bone.

Prop (?), n. A shell, used as a die. See Props.

Prop (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Propping.]
[Akin to LG. & D. proppen to cram, stuff, thrust into, stop, G.
pfropfen, Dan. proppe, Sw. proppa; of uncertain origin, cf. G. pfropfen
to graft, fr. L. propago set, layer of a plant, slip, shoot. Cf. 3d.
Prop, Propagate.] To support, or prevent from falling, by placing
something under or against; as, to prop up a fence or an old building;
(Fig.) to sustain; to maintain; as, to prop a declining state. Shak.

    Till the bright mountains prop the incumbent sky.


Pope.

    For being not propp'd by ancestry.


Shak.

    I prop myself upon those few supports that are left me.


Pope.

Prop, n. [Akin to LG., D., & Dan. prop stopple, stopper, cork, Sw.
propp, G. pfropf. See Prop, v.] That which sustains an incumbent
weight; that on which anything rests or leans for support; a support; a
stay; as, a prop for a building. "Two props of virtue." Shak.

{ Pro`pÊ*deu"tic (?), Pro`pÊ*deu"tic*al (?) }, a. [Gr. &?; to teach
beforehand; &?; before + &?; to bring up a child, to educate, teach,
fr. &?;, &?;, a child.] Of, pertaining to, or conveying, preliminary
instruction; introductory to any art or science; instructing
beforehand.

Pro`pÊ*deu"tics (?), n. The preliminary learning connected with any art
or science; preparatory instruction.

Prop"a*ga*ble (?), a. [See Propagate.]

1. Capable of being propagated, or of being continued or multiplied by
natural generation or production.

2. Capable of being spread or extended by any means; -- said of tenets,
doctrines, or principles.

Prop`a*gan"da (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. L. de propaganda fide: cf. F.
propagande. See Propagate.]

1. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A congregation of cardinals, established in 1622,
charged with the management of missions. (b) The college of the
Propaganda, instituted by Urban VIII. (1623-1644) to educate priests
for missions in all parts of the world.

2. Hence, any organization or plan for spreading a particular doctrine
or a system of principles.

Prop`a*gan"dism (?), n. [Cf. F. propagandisme.] The art or practice of
propagating tenets or principles; zeal in propagating one's opinions.

Prop`a*gan"dist (?), n. [Cf. F. propagandiste.] A person who devotes
himself to the spread of any system of principles. "Political
propagandists." Walsh.

Prop"a*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propagated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Propagating.] [L. propagatus, p. p. of propagare to propagate, akin to
propages, propago, a layer of a plant, slip, shoot. See Pro-, and cf.
Pact, Prop, Prune, v. t.]

1. To cause to continue or multiply by generation, or successive
production; -- applied to animals and plants; as, to propagate a breed
of horses or sheep; to propagate a species of fruit tree.

2. To cause to spread to extend; to impel or continue forward in space;
as, to propagate sound or light.

3. To spread from person to person; to extend the knowledge of; to
originate and spread; to carry from place to place; to disseminate; as,
to propagate a story or report; to propagate the Christian religion.

    The infection was propagated insensibly.


De Foe.

4. To multiply; to increase. [Obs.]

    Griefs of mine own lie heavy in my breast, Which thou wilt
    propagate.


Shak.

5. To generate; to produce.

    Motion propagated motion, and life threw off life.


De Quincey.

Syn. -- To multiply; continue; increase; spread; diffuse; disseminate;
promote.

Prop"a*gate, v. i. To have young or issue; to be produced or multiplied
by generation, or by new shoots or plants; as, rabbits propagate
rapidly.

    No need that thou Should'st propagate, already infinite.


Milton.

Prop`a*ga"tion (?), n. [L. propagatio: cf. F. propagation.]

1. The act of propagating; continuance or multiplication of the kind by
generation or successive production; as, the propagation of animals or
plants.

    There is not in nature any spontaneous generation, but all come by
    propagation.


Ray.

2. The spreading abroad, or extension, of anything; diffusion;
dissemination; as, the propagation of sound; the propagation of the
gospel. Bacon.

Prop"a*ga*tive (?), a. Producing by propagation, or by a process of
growth.

Prop"a*ga`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. propagateur.] One who propagates; one
who continues or multiplies.

||Pro*pag"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Propagula (#). [NL. See Propagate.] (Bot.)
||A runner terminated by a germinating bud.

Pro"pane (?), n. [Propyl + methane.] (Chem.) A heavy gaseous
hydrocarbon, C3H8, of the paraffin series, occurring naturally
dissolved in crude petroleum, and also made artificially; -- called
also propyl hydride.

Pro*par"gyl (?), n. [Propinyl + Gr. &?; silver + -yl. So called because
one hydrogen atom may be replaced by silver.] (Chem.) Same as Propinyl.

Pro`par*ox"y*tone (?), n. [Gr. &?;. See Pro-, and Paroxytone.] (Gr.
Gram.) A word which has the acute accent on the antepenult.

Pro"ped (?), n. [Pref. pro- + L. pes, pedis, foot.] (Zoˆl.) Same as
Proleg.

Pro*pel" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propelled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Propelling.] [L. propellere, propulsum; pro forward + pellere to drive.
See Pulse a beating.] To drive forward; to urge or press onward by
force; to move, or cause to move; as, the wind or steam propels ships;
balls are propelled by gunpowder.

Pro*pel"ler (?), n.

1. One who, or that which, propels.

2. A contrivance for propelling a steam vessel, usually consisting of a
screw placed in the stern under water, and made to revolve by an
engine; a propeller wheel.

3. A steamboat thus propelled; a screw steamer.

Propeller wheel,the screw, usually having two or more blades, used in
propelling a vessel.

Pro*pend" (?), v. i. [L. propendere, propensum; pro forward, forth +
pendere to hang. See Pendent.] To lean toward a thing; to be favorably
inclined or disposed; to incline; to tend. [R.] Shak.

    We shall propend to it, as a stone falleth down.


Barrow.

Pro*pend"en*cy (?), n. 1. Propensity. [R.]

2. Attentive deliberation. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

Pro*pend"ent (?), a. [L. propendens, p. pr.] Inclining forward or
toward. South.

Pro"pene (?), n. [Propyl + ethylene.] (Chem.) Same as Propylene.

Pro*pense" (?), a. [L. propensus, p. p. See Propend.] Leaning toward,
in a moral sense; inclined; disposed; prone; as, women propense to
holiness. Hooker. -- Pro*pense"ly, adv. -- Pro*pense"ness, n.

Pro*pen"sion (?), n. [L. propensio: cf. F. propension. See Propend,
Propense.] The quality or state of being propense; propensity. M.
Arnold.

    Your full consent Gave wings to my propension.


Shak.

Pro*pen"si*ty (?), n.; pl. Propensities (&?;). The quality or state of
being propense; natural inclination; disposition to do good or evil;
bias; bent; tendency. "A propensity to utter blasphemy." Macaulay.

Syn. -- Disposition; bias; inclination; proclivity; proneness; bent;
tendency.

Pro"pe*nyl (?), n. [Propene + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical hydrocarbon
radical, C3H5, isomeric with allyl and glyceryl, and regarded as the
essential residue of glycerin. Cf. Allyl, and Glyceryl.

Pro*pep"sin (?), n. [Pref. pro- + pepsin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See
Persinogen.

Pro*pep"tone (?), n. [Pref. pro- + peptone.] (Physiol. Chem.) A product
of gastric digestion intermediate between albumin and peptone,
identical with hemialbumose.

Prop"er (?), a. [OE. propre, F. propre, fr. L. proprius. Cf.
Appropriate.]

1. Belonging to one; one's own; individual. "His proper good" [i. e.,
his own possessions]. Chaucer. "My proper son." Shak.

    Now learn the difference, at your proper cost, Betwixt true valor
    and an empty boast.


Dryden.

2. Belonging to the natural or essential constitution; peculiar; not
common; particular; as, every animal has his proper instincts and
appetites.

    Those high and peculiar attributes . . . which constitute our
    proper humanity.


Coleridge.

3. Befitting one's nature, qualities, etc.; suitable in all respect;
appropriate; right; fit; decent; as, water is the proper element for
fish; a proper dress.

    The proper study of mankind is man.


Pope.

    In Athens all was pleasure, mirth, and play, All proper to the
    spring, and sprightly May.


Dryden.

4. Becoming in appearance; well formed; handsome. [Archaic] "Thou art a
proper man." Chaucer.

    Moses . . . was hid three months of his parents, because they saw
    he was a proper child.


Heb. xi. 23.

5. Pertaining to one of a species, but not common to the whole; not
appellative; -- opposed to common; as, a proper name; Dublin is the
proper name of a city.

6. Rightly so called; strictly considered; as, Greece proper; the
garden proper.

7. (Her.) Represented in its natural color; -- said of any object used
as a charge.

In proper, individually; privately. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. -- Proper
flower or corolla (Bot.), one of the single florets, or corollets, in
an aggregate or compound flower. -- Proper fraction (Arith.) a fraction
in which the numerator is less than the denominator. -- Proper nectary
(Bot.), a nectary separate from the petals and other parts of the
flower. -- Proper noun (Gram.), a name belonging to an individual, by
which it is distinguished from others of the same class; -- opposed to
common noun; as, John, Boston, America. -- Proper perianth or involucre
(Bot.), that which incloses only a single flower. -- Proper receptacle
(Bot.), a receptacle which supports only a single flower or
fructification.

Prop"er, adv. Properly; hence, to a great degree; very; as, proper
good. [Colloq & Vulgar]

Prop"er*ate (?), v. t. & i. [L. properatus, p. p. of properare to
hasten.] To hasten, or press forward. [Obs.]

Prop`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. properatio.] The act of hastening; haste.
[Obs.] T. Adams.

Pro*per"i*spome (?), n. (Gr. Gram.) Properispomenon.

||Pro*per`i*spom"e*non (?), n.; pl. Properispomena (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
||&?;, fr. &?; to circumflex on the penult; &?; before + &?; to
||circumflex. See Perispomenon.] (Gr. Gram.) A word which has the
||circumflex accent on the penult.

Prop"er*ly (?), adv.

1. In a proper manner; suitably; fitly; strictly; rightly; as, a word
properly applied; a dress properly adjusted. Milton.

2. Individually; after one's own manner. [Obs.]

    Now, harkeneth, how I bare me properly.


Chaucer.

Prop"er*ness, n.

1. The quality of being proper.

2. Tallness; comeliness. [Obs.] Udall.

Prop"er*tied (?), a. Possessing property; holding real estate, or other
investments of money. "The propertied and satisfied classes." M.
Arnold.

Prop"er*ty (?), n.; pl. Properties (#). [OE. proprete, OF. propretÈ
property, F. propretÈ neatness, cleanliness, propriÈtÈ property, fr. L.
proprietas. See Proper, a., and cf. Propriety.]

1. That which is proper to anything; a peculiar quality of a thing;
that which is inherent in a subject, or naturally essential to it; an
attribute; as, sweetness is a property of sugar.

    Property is correctly a synonym for peculiar quality; but it is
    frequently used as coextensive with quality in general.


Sir W. Hamilton.

In physical science, the properties of matter are distinguished to the
three following classes: 1. Physical properties, or those which result
from the relations of bodies to the physical agents, light, heat,
electricity, gravitation, cohesion, adhesion, etc., and which are
exhibited without a change in the composition or kind of matter acted
on. They are color, luster, opacity, transparency, hardness,
sonorousness, density, crystalline form, solubility, capability of
osmotic diffusion, vaporization, boiling, fusion, etc. 2. Chemical
properties, or those which are conditioned by affinity and composition;
thus, combustion, explosion, and certain solutions are reactions
occasioned by chemical properties. Chemical properties are identical
when there is identity of composition and structure, and change
according as the composition changes. 3. Organoleptic properties, or
those forming a class which can not be included in either of the other
two divisions. They manifest themselves in the contact of substances
with the organs of taste, touch, and smell, or otherwise affect the
living organism, as in the manner of medicines and poisons.

2. An acquired or artificial quality; that which is given by art, or
bestowed by man; as, the poem has the properties which constitute
excellence.

3. The exclusive right of possessing, enjoying, and disposing of a
thing; ownership; title.

    Here I disclaim all my paternal care, Propinquity and property of
    blood.


Shak.

    Shall man assume a property in man?


Wordsworth.

<! p. 1149 !>

4. That to which a person has a legal title, whether in his possession
or not; thing owned; an estate, whether in lands, goods, or money; as,
a man of large property, or small property.

5. pl. All the adjuncts of a play except the scenery and the dresses of
the actors; stage requisites.

    I will draw a bill of properties.


Shak.

6. Propriety; correctness. [Obs.] Camden.

Literary property. (Law) See under Literary. -- Property man, one who
has charge of the "properties" of a theater.

Prop"er*ty (?), v. t.

1. To invest which properties, or qualities. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To make a property of; to appropriate. [Obs.]

    They have here propertied me.


Shak.

Pro*phane" (?), a. & v. t. See Profane. [Obs.]

||Proph"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to show beforehand. See Pro-,
||and Phasis.] (Med.) Foreknowledge of a disease; prognosis.

Proph"e*cy (?), n.; pl. Prophecies (#), [OE. prophecie, OF. profecie,
F. prophÈtie, L. prophetia, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to be an interpreter
of the gods, to prophesy, fr. &?; prophet. See Prophet.] 1. A
declaration of something to come; a foretelling; a prediction; esp., an
inspired foretelling.

    He hearkens after prophecies and dreams.


Shak.

    Prophecy came not in old time by the will of man.


2. Pet. i. 21.

2. (Script.) A book of prophecies; a history; as, the prophecy of
Ahijah. 2 Chron. ix. 29.

3. Public interpretation of Scripture; preaching; exhortation or
instruction.

Proph"e*si`er (?), n. A prophet. Shak.

Proph"e*sy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prophesied (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prophesying (?).] [See Prophecy.] 1. To foretell; to predict; to
prognosticate.

    He doth not prophesy good concerning me.


1 Kings xxii. 8.

    Then I perceive that will be verified Henry the Fifth did sometime
    prophesy.


Shak.

2. To foreshow; to herald; to prefigure.

    Methought thy very gait did prophesy A royal nobleness; I must
    embrace thee.


Shak.

Proph"e*sy, v. i.

1. To utter predictions; to make declaration of events to come. Matt.
xv. 7.

2. To give instruction in religious matters; to interpret or explain
Scripture or religious subjects; to preach; to exhort; to expound.
Ezek. xxxvii. 7.

Proph"et (?), n. [F. prophËte, L. propheta, fr. Gr. &?;, literally, one
who speaks for another, especially, one who speaks for a god an
interprets his will to man, fr. &?; to say beforehand; &?; for, before
+ &?; to say or speak. See Fame. ]

1. One who prophesies, or foretells events; a predicter; a foreteller.

2. One inspired or instructed by God to speak in his name, or announce
future events, as, Moses, Elijah, etc.

3. An interpreter; a spokesman. [R.] Ex. vii. 1.

4. (Zoˆl.) A mantis.

School of the prophets (Anc. Jewish Hist.), a school or college in
which young men were educated and trained for public teachers or
members of the prophetic order. These students were called sons of the
prophets.

Proph"et*ess, n. [Cf. F. prophÈtesse, L. prophetissa.] A female
prophet.

{ Pro*phet"ic (?), Pro*phet"ic*al (?) }, a. [L. propheticus, Gr. &?;:
cf. F. prophÈtique.] Containing, or pertaining to, prophecy;
foretelling events; as, prophetic writings; prophetic dreams; -- used
with of before the thing foretold.

    And fears are oft prophetic of the event.


Dryden.

Pro*phet`ic*al"i*ty (?), n. Propheticalness.

Pro*phet"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a prophetical manner; by way of
prediction.

Pro*phet"ic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being prophetical;
power or capacity to foretell.

Proph"et*ize (?), v. i. [L. prophetizare, Gr. &?;: cf. F. prophÈtiser.
Cf. Prophesy.] To give predictions; to foreshow events; to prophesy.
[R.] "Prophetizing dreams." Daniel.

Pro*phor"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; utterance.] Enunciative. [R.]

||Pro*phrag"ma (?), n.; pl. Prophragmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before
||+ &?;, &?;, fence, screen. ] (Zoˆl.) An internal dorsal chitinous
||process between the first two divisions of the thorax of insects.

Proph`y*lac"tic (?), n. [Cf. F. prophylactique.] (Med.) A medicine
which preserves or defends against disease; a preventive.

{ Proph`y*lac"tic (?), Proph`y*lac"tic*al (?) }, a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;
to guard against; &?; before + &?; to guard: cf. F. prophylactique.]
(Med.) Defending or preserving from disease; preventive. Coxe.

||Proph`y*lax"is (?), n. [NL. See Prophylactic.] (Med.) The art of
||preserving from, or of preventing, disease; the observance of the
||rules necessary for the preservation of health; preservative or
||preventive treatment.

Pro*pice" (?), a. [OE., fr. F. propice, See Propitious.] Fit;
propitious. [Obs.] E. Hall.

Pro"pi*dene (?), n. [Propyl + ethylidene.] (Chem.) The unsymmetrical
hypothetical hydrocarbon radical, CH3.CH2.CH, analogous to ethylidene,
and regarded as the type of certain derivatives of propane; -- called
also propylidene.

Prop`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. propinatio. See Propine.] The act of
pledging, or drinking first, and then offering the cup to another.
[Obs.] Abp. Potter.

Pro*pine" (?), v. t. [L. propinare, Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; to
drink.]

1. To pledge; to offer as a toast or a health in the manner of
drinking, that is, by drinking first and passing the cup. [Obs.]

    The lovely sorceress mixed, and to the prince Health, peace, and
    joy propined.


C. Smart.

2. Hence, to give in token of friendship. [Obs.]

3. To give, or deliver; to subject. [Obs.] Fotherby.

Pro*pine" (?), n.

1. A pledge. [Obs. or Scot.]

2. A gift; esp., drink money. [Obs or Scot.]

Pro"pine (?), n. [Propyl + ethine.] (Chem.) Same as Allylene.

Pro*pin"qui*ty (?), n. [L. propinquitas, from propinquus near,
neighboring, from prope near.]

1. Nearness in place; neighborhood; proximity.

2. Nearness in time. Sir T. Browne.

3. Nearness of blood; kindred; affinity. Shak.

Pro"pi*nyl (?), n. [Propine + -yl.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical
regarded as an essential residue of propine and allied compounds.

Pro"pi*o*late (?), n. A salt of propiolic acid.

Pro`pi*ol"ic (?), a. [Propionic + tetrolic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an organic acid (called also propargylic acid) of the
acetylene or tetrolic series, analogous to propionic acid, and obtained
as a white crystalline substance.

Pro"pi*o*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of propionic acid.

Pro"pi*one (?), n. (Chem.) The ketone of propionic acid, obtained as a
colorless fragrant liquid.

Pro`pi*on"ic (?), a. [Proto- + Gr. pi`wn fat.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
derived from, or designating, an organic acid which is produced in the
distillation of wood, in the fermentation of various organic
substances, as glycerin, calcium lactate, etc., and is obtained as a
colorless liquid having a sharp, pungent odor. Propionic acid is so
called because it is the first or lowest member of the fatty acid
series whose salts have a fatty feel.

Pro"pi*o*nyl (?), n. (Chem.) The hypothetical radical C3H5O, regarded
as the essential residue of propionic acid and certain related
compounds.

||Prop`i*the"cus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before, for + &?; ape.]
||(Zoˆl.) A genus including the long-tailed, or diadem, indris. See
||Indris.

Pro*pi"ti*a*ble (?), a. [L. propitiabilis.] Capable of being
propitiated.

Pro*pi"ti*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propitiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Propitiating.] [L. propitiatus, p. p. of propitiare to propitiate, fr.
propitius favorable. See Propitious.] To appease to render favorable;
to make propitious; to conciliate.

    Let fierce Achilles, dreadful in his rage, The god propitiate, and
    the pest assuage.


Pope.

Pro*pi"ti*ate, v. i. To make propitiation; to atone.

Pro*pi`ti*a"tion (?), n. [L. propitiatio: cf. F. propitiation.]

1. The act of appeasing the wrath and conciliating the favor of an
offended person; the act of making propitious.

2. (Theol.) That which propitiates; atonement or atoning sacrifice;
specifically, the influence or effects of the death of Christ in
appeasing the divine justice, and conciliating the divine favor.

    He [Jesus Christ] is the propitiation for our sins.


1 John ii. 2.

Pro*pi"ti*a`tor (?), n. [L.] One who propitiates or appeases.

Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ri*ly (?), adv. By way of propitiation.

Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ry (?), a. [L. propitiatorius: cf. F. propitiatoire.]
Having the power to make propitious; pertaining to, or employed in,
propitiation; expiatory; as, a propitiatory sacrifice. Sharp.

Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ry, n. [L. propitiatorium.] (Jewish Antiq.) The mercy
seat; -- so called because a symbol of the propitiated Jehovah. Bp.
Pearson.

Pro*pi"tious (?), a. [L. propitius, perhaps originally a term of augury
meaning, flying forward (pro) or well; cf. Skr. pat to fly, E.
petition, feather.]

1. Convenient; auspicious; favorable; kind; as, a propitious season; a
propitious breeze.

2. Hence, kind; gracious; merciful; helpful; - - said of a person or a
divinity. Milton.

    And now t' assuage the force of this new flame, And make thee
    [Love] more propitious in my need.


Spenser.

Syn. -- Auspicious; favorable; kind. -- Propitious, Auspicious.
Auspicious (from the ancient idea of auspices, or omens) denotes
"indicative of success," or "favored by incidental occurrences;" as, an
auspicious opening; an auspicious event. Propitious denotes that which
efficaciously protect us in some undertaking, speeds our exertions, and
decides our success; as, propitious gales; propitious influences.

-- Pro*pi"tious*ly, adv. -- Pro*pi"tious*ness, n.

Pro"plasm (?), n. [L. proplasma, Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; a thing
formed, fr. &?; to mold.] A mold; a matrix. [R.] Woodward.

Pro*plas"tic (?), a. Forming a mold.

Pro*plas"tics (?), n. The art of making molds for castings. [R.]

Prop"leg` (?), n. [So called because it props up or supports the body.]
(Zoˆl.) Same as Proleg.

Pro*po"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the propodialia, or
the parts of the limbs to which they belong.

||Pro*po`di*a"le (?), n.; pl. Propodialia. (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;
||before + &?;, dim. of &?;, &?;, foot.] (Anat.) The bone of either the
||upper arm or the thing, the propodialia being the humerus and femur.

Prop"o*dite (?), n. [Pref. pro- + Gr. &?;, &?;, foot.] (Zoˆl.) The
sixth joint of a typical leg of a crustacean; usually, the penultimate
joint.

||Pro*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Propodia (#). [NL. See Propodiale.] (Zoˆl.)
||(a) The anterior portion of the foot of a mollusk. (b) The segment
||which forms the posterior part of the thorax of a hymenopterous
||insect. [Written also propodeum.]

Pro"po*lis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; city.] Same as
Bee glue, under Bee.

Pro*pone" (?), v. t. [L. proponere to propose. See Propound.] To
propose; to bring forward.

Pro*po"nent (?), a. [L. proponens, p. pr.] Making proposals; proposing.

Pro*po"nent, n.

1. One who makes a proposal, or lays down a proposition. Dryden.

2. (Law) The propounder of a thing.

Pro*por"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. proportio; pro before + portio part or
share. See Portion.]

1. The relation or adaptation of one portion to another, or to the
whole, as respect magnitude, quantity, or degree; comparative relation;
ratio; as, the proportion of the parts of a building, or of the body.

    The image of Christ, made after his own proportion.


Ridley.

    Formed in the best proportions of her sex.


Sir W. Scott.

    Documents are authentic and facts are true precisely in proportion
    to the support which they afford to his theory.


Macaulay.

2. Harmonic relation between parts, or between different things of the
same kind; symmetrical arrangement or adjustment; symmetry; as, to be
out of proportion. "Let us prophesy according to the proportion of
faith." Rom. xii. 6.

3. The portion one receives when a whole is distributed by a rule or
principle; equal or proper share; lot.

    Let the women . . . do the same things in their proportions and
    capacities.


Jer. Taylor.

4. A part considered comparatively; a share.

5. (Math.) (a) The equality or similarity of ratios, especially of
geometrical ratios; or a relation among quantities such that the
quotient of the first divided by the second is equal to that of the
third divided by the fourth; -- called also geometrical proportion, in
distinction from arithmetical proportion, or that in which the
difference of the first and second is equal to the difference of the
third and fourth.

Proportion in the mathematical sense differs from ratio. Ratio is the
relation of two quantities of the same kind, as the ratio of 5 to 10,
or the ratio of 8 to 16. Proportion is the sameness or likeness of two
such relations. Thus, 5 to 10 as 8 to 16; that is, 5 bears the same
relation to 10 as 8 does to 16. Hence, such numbers are said to be in
proportion. Proportion is expressed by symbols thus:

a:b::c:d, or a:b = c:d, or a/b = c/d.

(b) The rule of three, in arithmetic, in which the three given terms,
together with the one sought, are proportional.

Continued proportion, Inverse proportion, etc. See under Continued,
Inverse, etc. -- Harmonical, or Musical, proportion, a relation of
three or four quantities, such that the first is to the last as the
difference between the first two is to the difference between the last
two; thus, 2, 3, 6, are in harmonical proportion; for 2 is to 6 as 1 to
3. Thus, 24, 16, 12, 9, are harmonical, for 24:9::8:3. -- In
proportion, according as; to the degree that. "In proportion as they
are metaphysically true, they are morally and politically false."
Burke.

Pro*por"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proportioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Proportioning.] [Cf. F. proportionner. Cf. Proportionate, v.] 1. To
adjust in a suitable proportion, as one thing or one part to another;
as, to proportion the size of a building to its height; to proportion
our expenditures to our income.

    In the loss of an object we do not proportion our grief to the real
    value . . . but to the value our fancies set upon it.


Addison.

2. To form with symmetry or suitableness, as the parts of the body.

    Nature had proportioned her without any fault.


Sir P. Sidney.

3. To divide into equal or just shares; to apportion.

Pro*por"tion*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being proportioned, or made
proportional; also, proportional; proportionate. --
Pro*por"tion*a*ble*ness, n.

    But eloquence may exist without a proportionable degree of wisdom.


Burke.

    Proportionable, which is no longer much favored, was of our [i. e.,
    English writers'] own coining.


Fitzed. Hall.

Pro*por"tion*a*bly, adv. Proportionally. Locke.

Pro*por"tion*al (?), a. [L. proportionalis: cf. F. proportionnel.] 1.
Having a due proportion, or comparative relation; being in suitable
proportion or degree; as, the parts of an edifice are proportional.
Milton.

2. Relating to, or securing, proportion. Hutton.

3. (Math.) Constituting a proportion; having the same, or a constant,
ratio; as, proportional quantities; momentum is proportional to
quantity of matter.

Proportional logarithms, logistic logarithms. See under Logistic. --
Proportional scale, a scale on which are marked parts proportional to
the logarithms of the natural numbers; a logarithmic scale. --
Proportional scales, compasses, dividers, etc. (Draughting),
instruments used in making copies of drawings, or drawings of objects,
on an enlarged or reduced scale.

Pro*por"tion*al, n. 1. (Math.) Any number or quantity in a proportion;
as, a mean proportional.

2. (Chem.) The combining weight or equivalent of an element. [Obs.]

Pro*por`tion*al"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. proportionnalitÈ.] The state of
being in proportion. Coleridge.

Pro*por"tion*al*ly (?), adv. In proportion; in due degree; adapted
relatively; as, all parts of the building are proportionally large. Sir
I. Newton.

Pro*por"tion*ate (?), a. [L. proportionatus. See Proportion.] Adjusted
to something else according to a proportion; proportional. Longfellow.

    What is proportionate to his transgression.


Locke.

Pro*por"tion*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proportionated (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Proportionating.] [Cf. Proportion, v.] To make proportional; to
adjust according to a settled rate, or to due comparative relation; to
proportion; as, to proportionate punishment to crimes.

Pro*por"tion*ate*ly (&?;), adv. In a proportionate manner; with due
proportion; proportionally.

Pro*por"tion*ate*ness, n. The quality or state of being proportionate.
Sir M. Hale.

<! p. 1150 !>

Pro*por"tion*less (?), a. Without proportion; unsymmetrical.

Pro*por"tion*ment (?), n. The act or process of dividing out
proportionally.

Pro*pos"al (?), n. [From Propose.] 1. That which is proposed, or
propounded for consideration or acceptance; a scheme or design; terms
or conditions proposed; offer; as, to make proposals for a treaty of
peace; to offer proposals for erecting a building; to make proposals of
marriage. "To put forth proposals for a book." Macaulay.

2. (Law) The offer by a party of what he has in view as to an intended
business transaction, which, with acceptance, constitutes a contract.

Syn. -- Proffer; tender; overture. See Proposition.

Pro*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Proposing.] [F. proposer; pref. pro- (L. pro for, forward) + poser to
place. See Pose, v.] 1. To set forth. [Obs.]

    That being proposed brimfull of wine, one scarce could lift it up.


Chapman.

2. To offer for consideration, discussion, acceptance, or adoption; as,
to propose terms of peace; to propose a question for discussion; to
propose an alliance; to propose a person for office.

3. To set before one's self or others as a purpose formed; hence, to
purpose; to intend.

    I propose to relate, in several volumes, the history of the people
    of New England.


Palfrey.

To propose to one's self, to intend; to design.

Pro*pose", v. i. 1. To speak; to converse. [Obs.]

    There shalt thou find my cousin Beatrice, Proposing with the prince
    and Claudio.


Shak.

2. To form or declare a purpose or intention; to lay a scheme; to
design; as, man proposes, but God disposes.

3. To offer one's self in marriage.

Pro*pose", n. [F. propos, L. propositum. See Propound, Purpose, n.]
Talk; discourse. [Obs.] Shak.

Pro*pos"er (?), n. 1. One who proposes or offers anything for
consideration or adoption.

2. A speaker; an orator. [Obs.] Shak.

Prop`o*si"tion (?), n. [L. propositio: cf. F. proposition. See
Propound.] 1. The act of setting or placing before; the act of
offering. "Oblations for the altar of proposition." Jer. Taylor.

2. That which is proposed; that which is offered, as for consideration,
acceptance, or adoption; a proposal; as, the enemy made propositions of
peace; his proposition was not accepted.

3. A statement of religious doctrine; an article of faith; creed; as,
the propositions of Wyclif and Huss.

    Some persons . . . change their propositions according as their
    temporal necessities or advantages do turn.


Jer. Taylor.

4. (Gram. & Logic) A complete sentence, or part of a sentence
consisting of a subject and predicate united by a copula; a thought
expressed or propounded in language; a from of speech in which a
predicate is affirmed or denied of a subject; as, snow is white.

5. (Math.) A statement in terms of a truth to be demonstrated, or of an
operation to be performed.

It is called a theorem when it is something to be proved, and a problem
when it is something to be done.

6. (Rhet.) That which is offered or affirmed as the subject of the
discourse; anything stated or affirmed for discussion or illustration.

7. (Poetry) The part of a poem in which the author states the subject
or matter of it.

Leaves of proposition (Jewish Antiq.), the showbread. Wyclif (Luke vi.
4).

Syn. -- Proposal; offer; statement; declaration. -- Proposition,
Proposal. These words are both from the Latin verb proponere, to set
forth, and as here compared they mark different forms or stages of a
negotiation. A proposition is something presented for discussion or
consideration; as, propositions of peace. A proposal is some definite
thing offered by one party to be accepted or rejected by the other. If
the proposition is favorably received, it is usually followed by
proposals which complete the arrangement.

Prop`o*si"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or in the nature of, a
proposition; considered as a proposition; as, a propositional sense. I.
Watts.

Pro*pound" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propounded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Propounding.] [From earlier propone, L. proponere, propositum, to set
forth, propose, propound; pro for, before + ponere to put. See
Position, and cf. Provost.] 1. To offer for consideration; to exhibit;
to propose; as, to propound a question; to propound an argument. Shak.

    And darest thou to the Son of God propound To worship thee,
    accursed?


Milton.

    It is strange folly to set ourselves no mark, to propound no end,
    in the hearing of the gospel.


Coleridge.

2. (Eccl.) To propose or name as a candidate for admission to communion
with a church.

Pro*pound"er (?), n. One who propounds, proposes, or offers for
consideration. Chillingworth.

Pro*pre"tor (?), n. [L. propraetor; pro for, before + praetor a
pretor.] (Rom. Antiq.) A magistrate who, having been pretor at home,
was appointed to the government of a province. [Written also
proprÊtor.]

Pro*pri"e*ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Proprietaries (#). [L. proprietarius: cf.
F. propriÈtaire. See Propriety, and cf. Proprietor.] 1. A proprietor or
owner; one who has exclusive title to a thing; one who possesses, or
holds the title to, a thing in his own right. Fuller.

2. A body proprietors, taken collectively.

3. (Eccl.) A monk who had reserved goods and effects to himself,
notwithstanding his renunciation of all at the time of profession.

Pro*pri"e*ta*ry, a. [L. proprietarius.] Belonging, or pertaining, to a
proprietor; considered as property; owned; as, proprietary medicine.

Proprietary articles, manufactured articles which some person or
persons have exclusive right to make and sell. U. S. Statutes.

Pro*pri"e*tor (?), n. [For older proprietary: cf. F. propriÈtarie.] One
who has the legal right or exclusive title to anything, whether in
possession or not; an owner; as, the proprietor of farm or of a mill.

Pro*pri`e*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ownership; proprietary;
as, proprietorial rights.

Pro*pri"e*tor*ship (?), n. The state of being proprietor; ownership.

Pro*pri"e*tress (?), n. A female proprietor.

Pro*pri"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Proprieties (#). [F. propriÈtÈ, L.
proprietas, fr. proprius one's own, proper. See Property, Proper.] 1.
Individual right to hold property; ownership by personal title;
property. [Obs.] "Onles this propriety be exiled." Robynson (More's
Utopia).

    So are the proprieties of a wife to be disposed of by her lord, and
    yet all are for her provisions, it being a part of his need to
    refresh and supply hers.


Jer. Taylor.

2. That which is proper or peculiar; an inherent property or quality;
peculiarity. [Obs.] Bacon.

    We find no mention hereof in ancient zoˆgraphers, . . . who seldom
    forget proprieties of such a nature.


Sir T. Browne.

3. The quality or state of being proper; suitableness to an
acknowledged or correct standard or rule; consonance with established
principles, rules, or customs; fitness; appropriateness; as, propriety
of behavior, language, manners, etc. "The rule of propriety," Locke.

Pro*proc"tor (?), n. [Pref. pro- + proctor.] [Eng. Univ.] A assistant
proctor. Hook.

Props (?), n. pl. A game of chance, in which four sea shells, each
called a prop, are used instead of dice.

||Prop`te*ryg"i*um (?), n.; pl. Propterygia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;
||before + &?; a fin.] (Anat.) The anterior of three principal
||cartilages in the fins of some fishes. -- Prop`ter*yg"i*al (#), a.

Pro*pugn" (?), v. t. [L. propugnare; pro for + pugnare to fight.] To
contend for; to defend; to vindicate. [Obs.] Hammond.

Pro*pug"na*cle (?), n. [L. propugnaculum.] A fortress. [Obs.] Howell.

Pro`pug*na"tion (?), n. [L. propugnatio.] Means of defense; defense.
[Obs.] Shak.

Pro*pugn"er (?), n. A defender; a vindicator. "Zealous propugners."
Gov. of Tongue.

Pro`pul*sa"tion (?), n. [L. propulsatio. See Propulse.] The act of
driving away or repelling; a keeping at a distance. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Pro*pulse" (?), v. t. [L. propulsare, v. intens. from propellere to
propel. See Propel.] To repel; to drive off or away. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Pro*pul"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. propulsion. See Propel.] 1. The act
driving forward or away; the act or process of propelling; as, steam
propulsion.

2. An impelling act or movement.

    God works in all things; all obey His first propulsion.


Whittier.

Pro*pul"sive (?), a. Tending, or having power, to propel; driving on;
urging. "[The] propulsive movement of the verse." Coleridge.

Pro*pul"so*ry (?), a. Propulsive.

Pro"pyl (?), n. [Propionic + - yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical
C3H7, regarded as the essential residue of propane and related
compounds.

||Prop`y*lÊ"um (?), n.; pl. PropylÊa (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; before
||+ &?; a gate.] (Anc. Classical Arch.) Any court or vestibule before a
||building or leading into any inclosure.

Pro"pyl*ene (?), n. [Cf. F. propylËne.] (Chem.) A colorless gaseous
hydrocarbon (C3H6) of the ethylene series, having a garlic odor. It
occurs in coal gas, and is produced artificially in various ways.
Called also propene.

Pro*pyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing,
propyl; as, propylic alcohol.

Pro*pyl"i*dene (?), n. (Chem.) See Propidene.

||Prop"y*lon, n.; pl. Propyla (#). [NL., from Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?;
||a gate.] (Anc. Arch.) The porch, vestibule, or entrance of an
||edifice.

||Pro` ra"ta (?). [L.] In proportion; proportionately; according to the
||share, interest, or liability of each.

Pro*rat"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being prorated, or divided
proportionately. [U.S.]

Pro*rate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prorated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prorating.] [From L. pro rata (sc. parte) according to a certain part,
in proportion.] To divide or distribute proportionally; to assess pro
rata. [U.S.]

Prore (?), n. [L. prora, Gr. &?;: cf. It. & Sp. prora. See Prow, n.]
The prow or fore part of a ship. [Poetic] "Galleys with vermilion
prores." Pope.

Pro*rec"tor (?), n. [NL. See Pro- , and Rector.] An officer who
presides over the academic senate of a German university. Heyse.

Pro*rec"tor*ate (?), n. The office of prorector.

Pro*re"nal (?), a. [Pref. pro- + renal.] (Anat.) Pronephric.

Pro*rep"tion (?), n. [L. prorepere, proreptum, to creep forth; pro +
repere.] A creeping on.

Pro*rhi"nal (?), a. [Pref. pro- + rhinal.] (Anat.) Situated in front of
the nasal chambers.

Pro"ro*gate (?), v. t. To prorogue. [R.]

Pro`ro*ga"tion (?), n. [L. prorogatio: cf. F. prorogation.] 1. The act
of counting in duration; prolongation. [Obs.] South.

2. The act of proroguing; the ending of the session of Parliament, and
postponing of its business, by the command of the sovereign. [Eng.]

After an adjournment all things continue as they were at the
adjournment; whereas, after a prorogation, bill introduced and nut
passed are as if they had never been begun at all. Mozley & W.

Pro*rogue" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prorogued (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Proroguing (?).] [F. proroger, L. prorogare, prorogatum; pro forward +
rogare to ask, to ask one for his opinion or vote, or about a law. See
Rogation.] 1. To protract; to prolong; to extend. [Obs.]

    He prorogued his government.


Dryden.

2. To defer; to delay; to postpone; as, to proroguedeath; to prorogue a
marriage. Shak.

3. To end the session of a parliament by an order of the sovereign,
thus deferring its business.

    Parliament was prorogued to [meet at] Westminster.


Bp. Hall.

    The Parliament was again prorogued to a distant day.


Macaulay.

Syn. -- To adjourn; postpone; defer. See Adjourn.

Pro*rup"tion (?), n. [L. proruptio, fr. prorumpere, proruptum, to break
forth; pro forth + rumpere to break.] The act or state of bursting
forth; a bursting out. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

{ Pro*sa"ic (?), Pro*sa"ic*al (?), } a. [L. prosaius, from prosa prose:
cf. F,. prosaÔque. See Prose.] 1. Of or pertaining to prose; resembling
prose; in the form of prose; unpoetical; writing or using prose; as, a
prosaic composition. Cudworth.

2. Dull; uninteresting; commonplace; unimaginative; prosy; as, a
prosaic person. Ed. Rev.

-- Pro*sa"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Pro*sa"ic*al*ness, n.

Pro*sa"i*cism (?), n. The quality or state of being prosaic; a prosaic
manner or style. [R.] Poe.

Pro"sa*ism (?), n. That which is in the form of prose writing; a
prosaic manner. Coleridge.

Pro"sa*ist (?; 277), n. A writer of prose; an unpoetical writer. "An
estimable prosaist." I. Taylor.

Pro"sal (?), a. Of or pertaining to prose; prosaic. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Pro*sce"ni*um (?), n.; pl. Proscenia (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; before
+ &?; a tent, a wooden stage, the stage. See Scene.] 1. (Anc. Theater)
The part where the actors performed; the stage.

2. (Modern Theater) The part of the stage in front of the curtain;
sometimes, the curtain and its framework.

||Pro*sco"lex (?), n.; pl. Proscolices (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before +
||&?;, &?;, a worm.] (Zoˆl.) An early larval form of a trematode worm;
||a redia. See Redia.

Pro*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proscribed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Proscribing.] [L. proscribere, proscriptum, to write before, to
publish, proscribe; pro before + scribere to write. See Scribe. The
sense of this word originated in the Roman practice of writing the
names of persons doomed to death, and posting the list in public.] 1.
To doom to destruction; to put out of the protection of law; to outlaw;
to exile; as, Sylla and Marius proscribed each other's adherents.

    Robert Vere, Earl of Oxford, . . . was banished the realm, and
    proscribed.


Spenser.

2. To denounce and condemn; to interdict; to prohibit; as, the Puritans
proscribed theaters.

    The Arian doctrines were proscribed and anathematized in the famous
    Council of Nice.


Waterland.

Pro*scrib"er (?), n. One who, or that which, proscribes, denounces, or
prohibits.

Pro"script (?), n. [See Proscribe.] 1. A proscription; a prohibition;
an interdict. [R.]

2. One who is proscribed. [R.]

Pro*scrip"tion (?), n. [L. proscriptio: cf. F. proscription.] 1. The
act of proscribing; a dooming to death or exile; outlawry;
specifically, among the ancient Romans, the public offer of a reward
for the head of a political enemy; as, under the triumvirate, many of
the best Roman citizens fell by proscription.

    Every victory by either party had been followed by a sanguinary
    proscription.


Macaulay.

2. The state of being proscribed; denunciation; interdiction;
prohibition. Macaulay.

Pro*scrip"tion*al (?), a. Proscriptive.

Pro*scrip"tion*ist, n. One who proscribes.

Pro*scrip"tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to proscription; consisting in,
or of the nature of, proscription; proscribing. Burke. --
Pro*scrip"tive*ly, adv.

Prose (?), n. [F. prose, L. prosa, fr. prorsus, prosus, straight
forward, straight on, for proversus; pro forward + versus, p. p. of
vertere to turn. See Verse.] 1. The ordinary language of men in
speaking or writing; language not cast in poetical measure or rhythm;
-- contradistinguished from verse, or metrical composition.

    I speak in prose, and let him rymes make.


Chaucer.

    Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme.


Milton.

    I wish our clever young poets would remember my homely definitions
    of prose and poetry, that is; prose -- words in their best order;
    poetry -- the best order.


Coleridge.

2. Hence, language which evinces little imagination or animation; dull
and commonplace discourse.

3. (R. C. Ch.) A hymn with no regular meter, sometimes introduced into
the Mass. See Sequence.

Prose, a. 1. Pertaining to, or composed of, prose; not in verse; as,
prose composition.

2. Possessing or exhibiting unpoetical characteristics; plain; dull;
prosaic; as, the prose duties of life.

Prose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prosing.] 1. To
write in prose.

2. To write or repeat in a dull, tedious, or prosy way.

Prose, v. i. 1. To write prose.

    Prosing or versing, but chiefly this latter.


Milton.

Pro*sec"tor (?), n. [L., an anatomist, from prosecare to cut up; pro
before + secare to cut.] One who makes dissections for anatomical
illustration; usually, the assistant of a professional anatomist.

Pros"e*cu`ta*ble (?), a. Capable of being prosecuted; liable to
prosecution.

<! p. 1151 !>

Pros"e*cute (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prosecuted (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prosecuting.] [L. prosecutus, p. p. of prosequi to follow, pursue. See
Pursue.]

1. To follow or pursue with a view to reach, execute, or accomplish; to
endeavor to obtain or complete; to carry on; to continue; as, to
prosecute a scheme, hope, or claim.

    I am beloved Hermia; Why should not I, then, prosecute my right ?


Shak.

2. To seek to obtain by legal process; as, to prosecute a right or a
claim in a court of law.

3. (Law) To pursue with the intention of punishing; to accuse of some
crime or breach of law, or to pursue for redress or punishment, before
a legal tribunal; to proceed against judicially; as, to prosecute a man
for trespass, or for a riot.

    To acquit themselves and prosecute their foes.


Milton.

Pros"e*cute, v. i. 1. To follow after. [Obs.] Latimer.

2. (Law) To institute and carry on a legal prosecution; as, to
prosecute for public offenses. Blackstone.

Pros`e*cu"tion (?), n. [L. prosecutio a following.] 1. The act or
process of prosecuting, or of endeavoring to gain or accomplish
something; pursuit by efforts of body or mind; as, the prosecution of a
scheme, plan, design, or undertaking; the prosecution of war.

    Keeping a sharp eye on her domestics . . . in prosecution of their
    various duties.


Sir W. Scott.

2. (Law) (a) The institution and carrying on of a suit in a court of
law or equity, to obtain some right, or to redress and punish some
wrong; the carrying on of a judicial proceeding in behalf of a
complaining party, as distinguished from defense. (b) The institution,
or commencement, and continuance of a criminal suit; the process of
exhibiting formal charges against an offender before a legal tribunal,
and pursuing them to final judgment on behalf of the state or
government, as by indictment or information. (c) The party by whom
criminal proceedings are instituted. Blackstone. Burrill. Mozley & W.

Pros"e*cu`tor (?), n. [Cf. L. prosecutor an attendant.] 1. One who
prosecutes or carries on any purpose, plan, or business.

2. (Law) The person who institutes and carries on a criminal suit
against another in the name of the government. Blackstone.

Pros"e*cu`trix (?), n. [NL.] A female prosecutor.

Pros"e*lyte (?), n. [OE. proselite, OF. proselite, F. proselytus, Gr.
&?;, adj., that has come, n., a new comer, especially, one who has come
over from heathenism to the Jewish religion; &?; toward, to + (prob.)
the root of &?; to come.] A new convert especially a convert to some
religion or religious sect, or to some particular opinion, system, or
party; thus, a Gentile converted to Judaism, or a pagan converted to
Christianity, is a proselyte.

    Ye [Scribes and Pharisees] compass sea and land to make one
    proselyte.


Matt. xxiii. 15.

    Fresh confidence the speculatist takes From every harebrained
    proselyte he makes.


Cowper.

Syn. -- See Convert.

Pros"e*lyte, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proselyted (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Proselyting.] To convert to some religion, opinion, or system; to bring
over. Dr. H. More.

Pros"e*ly*tism (?), n. [Cf. F. prosÈlytisme.] 1. The act or practice of
proselyting; the making of converts to a religion or a religious sect,
or to any opinion, system, or party.

    They were possessed of a spirit of proselytism in the most
    fanatical degree.


Burke.

2. Conversion to a religion, system, or party.

Pros"e*ly*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. proselytized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Proselytizing (?).] To convert to some religion, system, opinion, or
the like; to bring, or cause to come, over; to proselyte.

    One of those whom they endeavor to proselytize.


Burke.

Pros"e*ly*tize, v. i. To make converts or proselytes.

Pros"e*ly*ti`zer, n. One who proselytes.

Prose"man (?), n. A writer of prose. [R.]

Pro*sem"i*na*ry (?), n. A seminary which prepares pupils for a higher
institution. T. Warton.

Pro*sem`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. proseminare, proseminatum, to
disseminate.] Propagation by seed. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

Pros*en`ce*phal"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
prosencephalon.

Pros`en*ceph"a*lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; toward, near to + E.
encephalon.] [Sometimes abbreviated to proen.] (Anat.) (a) The anterior
segment of the brain, including the cerebrum and olfactory lobes; the
forebrain. (b) The cerebrum. Huxley.

Pros*en"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; near + -enchyma, as in
parenchyma.] (Bot.) A general term applied to the tissues formed of
elongated cells, especially those with pointed or oblique extremities,
as the principal cells of ordinary wood.

Pros"er (?), n. 1. A writer of prose. [Obs.]

2. One who talks or writes tediously. Sir W. Scott.

Pro*sil"i*en*cy (?), n. [L. prosilere to leap forth.] The act of
leaping forth or forward; projection. "Such prosiliency of relief."
Coleridge.

Pros"i*ly (?), adv. In a prosy manner.

Pros`i*met"ric*al (?), a. [Prose + metrical.] Consisting both of prose
and verse. Clarke.

||Pro*sim"i*Ê (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pro-. and Simia.] (Zoˆl.) Same as
||Lemuroidea.

Pros"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being prosy; tediousness;
tiresomeness.

Pros"ing, n. Writing prose; speaking or writing in a tedious or prosy
manner. Sir W. Scott.

Pros"ing*ly, adv. Prosily.

Pro*si"phon (?), n. [Pref. pro- for + siphon.] (Zoˆl.) A minute tube
found in the protoconch of ammonites, and not connected with the true
siphon.

Pro*slav"er*y (?), a. [Pref. pro- + slavery.] Favoring slavery. -- n.
Advocacy of slavery.

Pros"o*branch (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Prosobranchiata.

||Pros`o*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; forward, further +
||&?; a gill.] (Zoˆl.) The highest division, or subclass, of gastropod
||mollusks, including those that have the gills situated anteriorly, or
||forward of the heart, and the sexes separate.

Pros"o*cúle (?), n. [Gr. &?; forward + &?; hollow.] (Anat.) The entire
cavity of the prosencephalon. B. G. Wilder.

||Pros`o*cú"li*a (?), n.; pl. Prosocúlle (#), [NL.] (Anat.) Same as
||Prosocúle.

Pros`o*di"a*cal (?), a. Prosodical.

Pros`o*di"a*cal*ly, adv. Prosodically.

Pro*so"di*al (?), a. Prosodical.

Pro*so"di*an (?), n. A prosodist. Rush.

Pro*sod"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. prosodique, L. prosodiacus.] Of or
pertaining to prosody; according to the rules of prosody. --
Pro*sod"ic*al*ly, adv.

Pros"o*dist (?), n. One skilled in prosody.

Pros"o*dy (?), n. [L. prosodia the tone or accent of a syllable, Gr.
&?; a song sung to, or with, an accompanying song, the accent
accompanying the pronunciation; &?; to + &?; song, ode: cf. F.
prosodie. See Ode.] That part of grammar which treats of the quantity
of syllables, of accent, and of the laws of versification or metrical
composition.

||Pro*so"ma (?), n.; pl. Prosomata. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?;,
||&?;, body.] (Zoˆl.) The anterior of the body of an animal, as of a
||cephalopod; the thorax of an arthropod.

||Pros`o*pal"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; face + &?; pain.] (Med.)
||Facial neuralgia.

||Pros`o*po*ceph`a*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. pro`swpon face,
||appearance + &?; head.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Scaphopoda.

Pros`o*po*lep"sy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; pro`swpon a face, a person + &?; a
taking, receiving, &?; to take.] Respect of persons; especially, a
premature opinion or prejudice against a person, formed from his
external appearance. [R.] Addison.

||Pros`o*po*pú"ia (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; pro`swpon a face, a person
||+ &?; to make.] (Rhet.) A figure by which things are represented as
||persons, or by which things inanimate are spoken of as animated
||beings; also, a figure by which an absent person is introduced as
||speaking, or a deceased person is represented as alive and present.
||It includes personification, but is more extensive in its
||signification.

||Pros`o*pul`mo*na"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; forward + L. pulmo
||a lung.] (Zoˆl.) A division of pulmonate mollusks having the
||breathing organ situated on the neck, as in the common snail.

Pros"pect (?), n. [L. prospectus, fr. prospicere, prospectum, to look
forward; pro before, forward + specere, spicere, look, to see: cf. OF.
prospect. See Spy, v., and cf. Prospectus.] 1. That which is embraced
by eye in vision; the region which the eye overlooks at one time; view;
scene; outlook.

    His eye discovers unaware The goodly prospect of some foreign land.


Milton.

2. Especially, a picturesque or widely extended view; a landscape;
hence, a sketch of a landscape.

    I went to Putney . . . to take prospects in crayon.


Evelyn.

3. A position affording a fine view; a lookout. [R.]

    Him God beholding from his prospect high.


Milton.

4. Relative position of the front of a building or other structure;
face; relative aspect.

    And their prospect was toward the south.


Ezek. xl. 44.

5. The act of looking forward; foresight; anticipation; as, a prospect
of the future state. Locke.

    Is he a prudent man as to his temporal estate, that lays designs
    only for a day, without any prospect to, or provision for, the
    remaining part of life ?


Tillotson.

6. That which is hoped for; ground for hope or expectation;
expectation; probable result; as, the prospect of success. "To brighter
prospects born." Cowper.

    These swell their prospectsd exalt their pride, When offers are
    disdain'd, and love deny'd.


Pope.

Pros"pect, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prospected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Prospecting.] To look over; to explore or examine for something; as, to
prospect a district for gold.

Pros"pect, v. i. To make a search; to seek; to explore, as for mines or
the like; as, to prospect for gold.

Pro*spec"tion (?), n. The act of looking forward, or of providing for
future wants; foresight.

Pro*spec"tive (?), a. [L. prospectivus: cf. F. prospectif. See
Prospect, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to a prospect; furnishing a prospect;
perspective. [Obs.]

    Time's long and dark prospective glass.


Milton.

2. Looking forward in time; acting with foresight; -- opposed to
retrospective.

    The French king of Sweden are circumspect, industrious, and
    prospective, too, in this affair.


Sir J. Child.

3. Being within view or consideration, as a future event or
contingency; relating to the future: expected; as, a prospective
benefit.

    Points on which the promises, at the time of ordination, had no
    prospective bearing.


W. Jay.

Pro*spec"tive (?), n. 1. The scene before or around, in time or in
space; view; prospect. Sir H. Wotton.

2. A perspective glass. [Obs.] Chaucer. Beau. & Fl.

Pro*spec"tive*ly, adv. In a prospective manner.

Pro*spec"tive*ness, n. Quality of being prospective.

Pros"pect*less (?), a. Having no prospect.

Pros"pect*or (?), n. [L., one who looks out.] One who prospects;
especially, one who explores a region for minerals and precious metals.

Pro*spec"tus (?), n. [L., a prospect, sight, view: cf. F. prospectus.
See Prospect.] A summary, plan, or scheme of something proposed,
affording a prospect of its nature; especially, an exposition of the
scheme of an unpublished literary work.

Pros"per (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prospered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prospering.] [F. prospÈrer v. i., or L. prosperare, v. i., or L.
prosperare, v. t., fr. prosper or prosperus. See Prosperous.] To favor;
to render successful. "Prosper thou our handiwork." Bk. of Common
Prayer.

    All things concur toprosper our design.


Dryden.

Pros"per, v. i. 1. To be successful; to succeed; to be fortunate or
prosperous; to thrive; to make gain.

    They, in their earthly Canaan placed, Long time shall dwell and
    prosper.


Milton.

2. To grow; to increase. [Obs.]

    Black cherry trees prosper even to considerable timber.


Evelyn.

Pros*per"i*ty (?), n. [F. prospÈritÈ, L. prosperitas. See Prosperous.]
The state of being prosperous; advance or gain in anything good or
desirable; successful progress in any business or enterprise;
attainment of the object desired; good fortune; success; as, commercial
prosperity; national prosperity.

    Now prosperity begins to mellow.


Shak.

    Prosperities can only be enjoyed by them who fear not at all to
    lose them.


Jer. Taylor.

Syn. -- Prosperousness; thrift; weal; welfare; well being; happiness.

Pros"per*ous (&?;), a. [L. prosperus or prosper, originally, answering
to hope; pro according to + the root of sperare to hope. See Despair.]
1. Tending to prosperity; favoring; favorable; helpful.

    A happy passage and a prosperous wind.


Denham.

2. Being prospered; advancing in the pursuit of anything desirable;
making gain, or increase; thriving; successful; as, a prosperous
voyage; a prosperous undertaking; a prosperous man or nation.

    By moderation either state to bear Prosperous or adverse.


Milton.

Syn. -- Fortunate; successful; flourishing; thriving; favorable;
auspicious; lucky. See Fortunate.

-- Pros"per*ous*ly, adv. -- Pros"per*ous*ness, n.

||Pros"phy*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; to + &?; to grow.] (Med.)
||A growing together of parts; specifically, a morbid adhesion of the
||eyelids to each other or to the eyeball. Dunglison.

Pro*spi"cience (?), n. [L. prospicientia, fr. prospiciens, p. pr. of
prospicere. See Prospect.] The act of looking forward.

Pros"tate (?), a.[Gr. &?; standing before, fr. &?; to set before; &?;
before + &?; to set: cf. F. prostate.] (Anat.) Standing before; --
applied to a gland which is found in the males of most mammals, and is
situated at the neck of the bladder where this joins the urethra. -- n.
The prostate gland.

Pro*stat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prostate gland.

Prostatic catheter. (Med.) See under Catheter.

||Pros`ta*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Prostate, and -itis.] (Med.)
||Inflammation of the prostate.

Pros`ter*na"tion (?), n. [F. See Prostration.] Dejection; depression.
[Obs.] Wiseman.

Pro*ster"num (?), n. [NL. See Pro- and Sternum.] (Zoˆl.) The ventral
plate of the prothorax of an insect.

||Pros"the*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; an addition, fr. &?; to put to,
||to add; &?; to + &?; to put, place.] 1. (Surg.) The addition to the
||human body of some artificial part, to replace one that is wanting,
||as a log or an eye; -- called also prothesis.

2. (Gram.) The prefixing of one or more letters to the beginning of a
word, as in beloved.

Pros*thet"ic (?), a. [Cf. Gr. &?; disposed to add, &?; put on.] Of or
pertaining to prosthesis; prefixed, as a letter or letters to a word.

Pros*tib"u*lous (?), a. [L. prostibulum prostitute.] Of or pertaining
to prostitutes or prostitution; meretricious. [Obs.] Bale.

Pros"ti*tute (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prostituted (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prostituting.] [L. prostitutus, p. p. of prostituere to prostitute; pro
before, forth + statuere to put, place. See Statute.] 1. To offer, as a
woman, to a lewd use; to give up to lewdness for hire. "Do not
prostitute thy daughter." Lev. xix. 29.

2. To devote to base or unworthy purposes; to give up to low or
indiscriminate use; as, to prostitute talents; to prostitute official
powers. Milton.

Pros"ti*tute, a. [L. prostitutus, p. p.] Openly given up to lewdness;
devoted to base or infamous purposes.

    Made bold by want, and prostitute for bread.


Prior

Pros"ti*tute, n. [L. prostituta.] 1. A woman giver to indiscriminate
lewdness; a strumpet; a harlot.

2. A base hireling; a mercenary; one who offers himself to infamous
employments for hire.

    No hireling she, no prostitute to praise.


Pope.

Pros`ti*tu"tion (?), n. [L. prostitutio: cf. F. prostitution.] 1. The
act or practice of prostituting or offering the body to an
indiscriminate intercourse with men; common lewdness of a woman.

2. The act of setting one's self to sale, or of devoting to infamous
purposes what is in one's power; as, the prostitution of abilities; the
prostitution of the press. "Mental prostitution." Byron.

<! p. 1152 !>

Pros"ti*tu`tor (?), n. [L.] One who prostitutes; one who submits
himself, of or offers another, to vile purposes. Bp. Hurd.

||Pro*sto"mi*um (?), n.; pl. Prostomia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before +
||&?;, &?;, mouth.] (Zoˆl.) That portion of the head of an annelid
||situated in front of the mouth. -- Pro*sto"mi*al (#), a.

Pros"trate (?), a. [L. prostratus, p. p. of prosternere to prostrate;
pro before, forward + sternere to spread out, throw down. See Stratum.]
1. Lying at length, or with the body extended on the ground or other
surface; stretched out; as, to sleep prostrate. Elyot.

    Groveling and prostrate on yon lake of fire.


Milton.

2. Lying at mercy, as a supplicant. Dryden.

3. Lying in a humble, lowly, or suppliant posture.

    Prostrate fall Before him reverent, and there confess Humbly our
    faults.


Milton.

4. (Bot.) Trailing on the ground; procumbent.

Pros"trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prostrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Prostrating.] 1. To lay fiat; to throw down; to level; to fell; as, to
prostrate the body; to prostrate trees or plants. Evelyn.

2. to overthrow; to demolish; to destroy; to deprive of efficiency; to
ruin; as, to prostrate a village; to prostrate a government; to
prostrate law or justice.

3. To throw down, or cause to fall in humility or adoration; to cause
to bow in humble reverence; used reflexively; as, he prostrated
himself. Milman.

4. To cause to sink totally; to deprive of strength; to reduce; as, a
person prostrated by fever.

Pros*tra"tion (?), n. [L. prostratio: cf. F. prostration.] 1. The act
of prostrating, throwing down, or laying fiat; as, the prostration of
the body.

2. The act of falling down, or of bowing in humility or adoration;
primarily, the act of falling on the face, but usually applied to
kneeling or bowing in reverence and worship.

    A greater prostration of reason than of body.


Shak.

3. The condition of being prostrate; great depression; lowness;
dejection; as, a postration of spirits. "A sudden prostration of
strength." Arbuthnot.

4. (Med.) A latent, not an exhausted, state of the vital energies;
great oppression of natural strength and vigor.

Prostration, in its medical use, is analogous to the state of a spring
lying under such a weight that it is incapable of action; while
exhaustion is analogous to the state of a spring deprived of its
elastic powers. The word, however, is often used to denote any great
depression of the vital powers.

Pro"style (?), a. [L. prostylus, Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; pillar,
column: cf. F. prostyle.] (Arch.) Having columns in front. -- n. A
prostyle portico or building.

Pros"y (?), a. [Compar. Prosier (?); superl. Prosiest.]

1. Of or pertaining to prose; like prose.

2. Dull and tedious in discourse or writing; prosaic.

Pro*sy"lo*gism (?), n. [Pref. pro-  + syllogism.] (Logic) A syllogism
preliminary or logically essential to another syllogism; the conclusion
of such a syllogism, which becomes a premise of the following
syllogism.

Pro*tac"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; placing or placed before, fr. &?; to place
in front; &?; before + &?; to arrange.] Giving a previous narrative or
explanation, as of the plot or personages of a play; introductory.

Pro"ta*gon (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?; a contest. See. Protagonist. So
called because it was the first definitely ascertained principle of the
brain.] (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous phosphorized principle found in
brain tissue. By decomposition it yields neurine, fatty acids, and
other bodies.

Pro*tag"o*nist (?), n. [Gr. &?;; prw^tos first + &?; an actor,
combatant, fr. &?; a contest.] One who takes the leading part in a
drama; hence, one who takes lead in some great scene, enterprise,
conflict, or the like.

    Shakespeare, the protagonist on the great of modern poetry.


De Quincey.

Pro"ta*min (?), n. [Gr. prw^tos first.] (Physiol. Chem.) An amorphous
nitrogenous substance found in the spermatic fluid of salmon. It is
soluble in water, which an alkaline reaction, and unites with acids and
metallic bases.

Pro*tan"dric (?), a. [Proto- + Gr. &?;, &?;, a man.] (Zoˆl.) Having
male sexual organs while young, and female organs later in life. --
Pro*tan"trism (#), n.

Pro*tan"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Proterandrous.

||Prot"a*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to stretch before,
||forward; &?; before + &?; to stretch.] 1. A proposition; a maxim.
||Johnson.

2. (Gram.) The introductory or subordinate member of a sentence,
generally of a conditional sentence; -- opposed to apodosis. See
Apodosis.

3. The first part of a drama, of a poem, or the like; the introduction;
opposed to epitasis. B. Jonson.

Pro*tat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;: cf. L. protaticus, F. protatique.] Of or
pertaining to the protasis of an ancient play; introductory.

Pro`te*a"ceous (?), a. [From Proteus.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the
ProteaceÊ, an order of apetalous evergreen shrubs, mostly natives of
the Cape of Good Hope or of Australia.

Pro"te*an (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to Proteus; characteristic of
Proteus. " Protean transformations." Cudworth.

2. Exceedingly variable; readily assuming different shapes or forms;
as, an amúba is a protean animalcule.

Pro"te*an*ly, adv. In a protean manner. Cudworth.

Pro*tect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protected; p. pr. & vb. n.
Protecting.] [L. protectus, p. p. of protegere, literally, to cover in
front; pro before + tegere to cover. See Tegument.] To cover or shield
from danger or injury; to defend; to guard; to preserve in safety; as,
a father protects his children.

    The gods of Greece protect you!


Shak.

Syn. -- To guard; shield; preserve. See Defend.

Pro*tect"ing*ly (?), adv. By way of protection; in a protective manner.

Pro*tec"tion (?), n. [L. protectio: cf. F. protection.] 1. The act of
protecting, or the state of being protected; preservation from loss,
injury, or annoyance; defense; shelter; as, the weak need protection.

    To your protection I commend me, gods.


Shak.

2. That which protects or preserves from injury; a defense; a shield; a
refuge.

    Let them rise up . . . and be your protection.


Deut. xxxii. 38.

3. A writing that protects or secures from molestation or arrest; a
pass; a safe-conduct; a passport.

    He . . . gave them protections under his hand.


Macaulay.

4. (Polit. Econ.) A theory, or a policy, of protecting the producers in
a country from foreign competition in the home market by the imposition
of such discriminating duties on goods of foreign production as will
restrict or prevent their importation; -- opposed to free trade.

Writ of protection. (Law) (a) A writ by which the king formerly
exempted a person from arrest; -- now disused. [Eng.] Blackstone. (b) A
judicial writ issued to a person required to attend court, as party,
juror, etc., intended to secure him from arrest in coming, staying, and
returning.

Syn. -- Preservation; defense; guard; shelter; refuge; security;
safety.

Pro*tec"tion*ism (?), n. (Polit. Econ.) The doctrine or policy of
protectionists. See Protection, 4.

Pro*tec"tion*ist, n. (Polit. Econ.) One who favors protection. See
Protection, 4.

Pro*tect"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. protectif.] Affording protection;
sheltering; defensive. " The favor of a protective Providence."
Feltham.

Protective coloring (Zoˆl.), coloring which serves for the concealment
and preservation of a living organism. Cf. Mimicry. Wallace. --
Protective tariff (Polit. Econ.), a tariff designed to secure
protection (see Protection, 4.), as distinguished from a tariff
designed to raise revenue. See Tariff, and Protection, 4.

Pro*tect"ive*ness, n. The quality or state of being protective. W.
Pater.

Pro*tect"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. protecteur.] 1. One who, or that which,
defends or shields from injury, evil, oppression, etc.; a defender; a
guardian; a patron.

    For the world's protector shall be known.


Waller.

2. (Eng. Hist.) One having the care of the kingdom during the king's
minority; a regent.

    Is it concluded he shall be protector !


Shak.

3. (R. C. Ch.) A cardinal, from one of the more considerable Roman
Catholic nations, who looks after the interests of his people at Rome;
also, a cardinal who has the same relation to a college, religious
order, etc.

Lord Protector (Eng. Hist.), the title of Oliver Cromwell as supreme
governor of the British Commonwealth (1653-1658).

Pro*tect"or*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a protector; protectorial;
as, protectoral power.

Pro*tect"or*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. protectorat.] 1. Government by a
protector; -- applied especially to the government of England by Oliver
Cromwell.

2. The authority assumed by a superior power over an inferior or a
dependent one, whereby the former protects the latter from invasion and
shares in the management of its affairs.

Pro`tec*to"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. L. protectorius.] Same as Protectoral.

Pro*tect"or*less (?), a. Having no protector; unprotected.

Pro*tect"or*ship, n. The office of a protector or regent; protectorate.

{ Pro*tect"ress (?), Pro*tect"rix (?), } n. [NL. protectrix.] A woman
who protects.

{ ||Pro`tÈ`gÈ" (?), n. m. ||Pro`tÈ`gÈe" (?), n. f.} [F., p. p. of
protÈger. See Protect.] One under the care and protection of another.

Pro"te*id (?), n. [Gr. prw^tos first.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of a class
of amorphous nitrogenous principles, containing, as a rule, a small
amount of sulphur; an albuminoid, as blood fibrin, casein of milk, etc.
Proteids are present in nearly all animal fluids and make up the
greater part of animal tissues and organs. They are also important
constituents of vegetable tissues. See 2d Note under Food. --
Pro"te*id, a.

||Pro`te*id"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Proteus, and -oid.] (Zoˆl.) An
||order of aquatic amphibians having prominent external gills and four
||legs. It includes Proteus and Menobranchus (Necturus). Called also
||Proteoidea, and Proteida.

Pro*te"i*form (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Changeable in form; resembling a Proteus,
or an amúba.

Pro"te*in (?), n. [Gr. prw^tos first: cf. prwtei^on the first place.]
(Physiol. Chem.) A body now known as alkali albumin, but originally
considered to be the basis of all albuminous substances, whence its
name.

Protein crystal. (Bot.) See Crystalloid, n., 2.

Pro`te*i*na"*ceous (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Of or related to protein;
albuminous; proteid.

Pro*te"i*nous (?), a. Proteinaceuos.

Pro"te*les (?), n. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A South Africa genus of Carnivora,
allied to the hyenas, but smaller and having weaker jaws and teeth. It
includes the aard-wolf.

Pro*tend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Protending.] [L. protendere, protensum; pro before, forth + tendere to
stretch.] To hold out; to stretch forth. [Obs.]

    With his protended lance he makes defence.


Dryden.

Pro*tense" (?), n. [See Protend.] Extension.[Obs.] " By due degrees and
long protense." Spenser.

Pro*ten"sion (?), n. [L. protensio.] A drawing out; extension. [R.] Sir
W. Hamilton.

Pro*ten"sive (?), a. Drawn out; extended. [R.]

    Time is a protensive quantity.


Sir W. Hamilton.

||Pro`te*ol"y*sis (?), n. [NL. See Proteolytic.] (Physiol. Chem.) The
||digestion or dissolving of proteid matter by proteolytic ferments.

Pro`te*o*lyt"ic (?), a. [Proteid + Gr. &?; to loose.] (Physiol.)
Converting proteid or albuminous matter into soluble and diffusible
products, as peptones. " The proteolytic ferment of the pancreas."
Foster.

Pro`ter*an"drous (?), a. [Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before) + &?;, &?;,
man, male.] (Bot.) Having the stamens come to maturity before the
pistil; -- opposed to proterogynous.

Pro`ter*an"dry (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of being proterandrous.

Pro`ter*an"thous (?), a. [Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before) + &?;
flower.] (Bot.) Having flowers appearing before the leaves; -- said of
certain plants. Gray.

Pro`te*rog"ly*pha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?; to carve.]
(Zoˆl.) A suborder of serpents including those that have permanently
erect grooved poison fangs, with ordinary teeth behind them in the
jaws. It includes the cobras, the asps, and the sea snakes. Called also
Proteroglyphia.

Pro`ter*og"y*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before) + &?;
woman, female.] (Bot.) Having the pistil come to maturity before the
stamens; protogynous; -- opposed to proterandrous.

||Pro`te*ro*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before)
||+ &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of reptiles of the
||Permian period. Called also Protosaurus.

Pro*ter"vi*ty (?), n. [L. protervitas, from protervus violent.]
Peevishness; petulance. [Obs.] Fuller.

Pro*test" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Protested; p. pr. & vb. n.
Protesting.] [F. protester, L. protestari, pro before + testari to be a
witness, testis a witness. See Testify.] 1. To affirm in a public or
formal manner; to bear witness; to declare solemnly; to avow.

    He protest that his measures are pacific.


Landor.

    The lady doth protest too much, methinks.


Shak.

2. To make a solemn declaration (often a written one) expressive of
opposition; -- with against; as, he protest against your votes. Denham.

    The conscience has power . . . to protest againts the exorbitancies
    of the passions.


Shak.

Syn. -- To affirm; asseverate; assert; aver; attest; testify; declare;
profess. See Affirm.

Pro*test", v. t. 1. To make a solemn declaration or affirmation of; to
proclaim; to display; as, to protest one's loyalty.

    I will protest your cowardice.


Shak.

2. To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an
affirmation; to appeal to.

    Fiercely [they] opposed My journey strange, with clamorous uproar
    Protesting fate supreme.


Milton.

To protest a bill or note (Law), to make a solemn written declaration,
in due form, on behalf of the holder, against all parties liable for
any loss or damage to be sustained by the nonacceptance or the
nonpayment of the bill or note, as the case may be. This should be made
by a notary public, whose seal it is the usual practice to affix. Kent.
Story.

Pro"test (?), n. [Cf. F. protÍt, It. protesto. See Protest, v.] 1. A
solemn declaration of opinion, commonly a formal objection against some
act; especially, a formal and solemn declaration, in writing, of
dissent from the proceedings of a legislative body; as, the protest of
lords in Parliament.

2. (Law) (a) A solemn declaration in writing, in due form, made by a
notary public, usually under his notarial seal, on behalf of the holder
of a bill or note, protesting against all parties liable for any loss
or damage by the nonacceptance or nonpayment of the bill, or by the
nonpayment of the note, as the case may be. (b) A declaration made by
the master of a vessel before a notary, consul, or other authorized
officer, upon his arrival in port after a disaster, stating the
particulars of it, and showing that any damage or loss sustained was
not owing to the fault of the vessel, her officers or crew, but to the
perils of the sea, etc., ads the case may be, and protesting against
them. (c) A declaration made by a party, before or while paying a tax,
duty, or the like, demanded of him, which he deems illegal, denying the
justice of the demand, and asserting his rights and claims, in order to
show that the payment was not voluntary. Story. Kent.

Prot"es*tan*cy (?), n. Protestantism. [R.]

Prot"es*tant (?), n. [F. protestant, fr. L. protestans, -antis, p. pr.
of protestare. See Protest, v.] One who protests; -- originally applied
to those who adhered to Luther, and protested against, or made a solemn
declaration of dissent from, a decree of the Emperor Charles V. and the
Diet of Spires, in 1529, against the Reformers, and appealed to a
general council; -- now used in a popular sense to designate any
Christian who does not belong to the Roman Catholic or the Greek
Church.

<! p. 1153 !>

Prot"es*tant (?), a. [Cf. F. protestant.] 1. Making a protest;
protesting.

2. Of or pertaining to the faith and practice of those Christians who
reject the authority of the Roman Catholic Church; as, Protestant
writers.

Prot`es*tant"ic*al (?), a. Protestant. [Obs.]

Prot"es*tant*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. protestantisme.] The quality or state
of being protestant, especially against the Roman Catholic Church; the
principles or religion of the Protestants.

Prot"es*tant*ly, adv. Like a Protestant; in conformity with
Protestantism. [R.] Milton.

Prot`es*ta"tion (?), n. [L. protestatio: cf. F. protestation. See
Protest.] 1. The act of making a protest; a public avowal; a solemn
declaration, especially of dissent. " The protestation of our faith."
Latimer.

2. (Law) Formerly, a declaration in common-law pleading, by which the
party interposes an oblique allegation or denial of some fact,
protesting that it does or does not exist, and at the same time
avoiding a direct affirmation or denial.

Prot"es*ta`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. protestateur.] One who makes
protestation; a protester.

Pro*test"er (?), n. 1. One who protests; one who utters a solemn
declaration. Shak.

2. (Law) One who protests a bill of exchange, or note.

Pro*test"ing*ly, adv. By way of protesting.

Pro"te*us (?), n. [L., Gr. &?;.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A sea god in the
service of Neptune who assumed different shapes at will. Hence, one who
easily changes his appearance or principles.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) A genus of aquatic eel-shaped amphibians found in caves
in Austria. They have permanent external gills as well as lungs. The
eyes are small and the legs are weak. (b) A changeable protozoan; an
amúba.

{ Pro`tha*la"mi*on (?), Pro`tha*la"mi*um (?), } n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;
before + &?; chamber, especially, the bridal chamber.] A song in
celebration of a marriage. Drayton.

||Pro*thal"li*um (?), n.; pl. Prothallia (#). [NL.] (Bot.) Same as
||Prothallus.

||Pro*thal"lus (?), n.; pl. Prothalli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before +
||&?; a young shoot.] (Bot.) The minute primary growth from the spore
||of ferns and other Pteridophyta, which bears the true sexual organs;
||the oˆphoric generation of ferns, etc.

||Proth"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a placing in public, fr. &?; to
||set before; &?; before + &?; to set, put.] 1. (Eccl.) A credence
||table; -- so called by the Eastern or Greek Church.

2. (Med.) See Prosthesis. Dunglison.

Pro*thet"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to prothesis; as, a
prothetic apparatus.

{ Pro*thon"o*ta*ry (?), or Pro*ton"o*ta*ry (?) }, n.; pl> -ries (#).
[LL. protonotarius, fr. Gr. prw^tos first + L. notarius a shorthand
writer, a scribe: cf. F. protonotaire.] 1. A chief notary or clerk. "
My private prothonotary." Herrick.

2. Formerly, a chief clerk in the Court of King's Bench and in the
Court of Common Pleas, now superseded by the master. [Eng.] Wharton.
Burrill.

3. A register or chief clerk of a court in certain States of the United
States.

4. (R. C. Ch.) Formerly, one who had the charge of writing the acts of
the martyrs, and the circumstances of their death; now, one of twelve
persons, constituting a college in the Roman Curia, whose office is to
register pontifical acts and to make and preserve the official record
of beatifications.

5. (Gr. Ch.) The chief secretary of the patriarch of Constantinople.

Prothonotary warbler (Zoˆl.), a small American warbler (Protonotaria
citrea). The general color is golden yellow, the back is olivaceous,
the rump and tail are ash- color, several outer tail feathers are
partly white.

Pro*thon"o*ta*ry*ship, n. Office of a prothonotary.

Pro`tho*rac"ic (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the prothorax.

Pro*tho"rax (?), n. [Pref. pro- + thorax.] (Zoˆl.) The first or
anterior segment of the thorax in insects. See Illusts. of Butterfly
and Coleoptera.

||Pro* thy`a*lo*so"ma (?), n.; pl. Prothyalosomata (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
||prw^tos first + "y`alos glass + &?;, &?;, body.] (Biol.) The
||investing portion, or spherical envelope, surrounding the eccentric
||germinal spot of the germinal vesicle.

Pro*thy"a*lo*some (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Prothyalosoma.

Pro"tist (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Protista.

||Pro*tis"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. prw`tistos first.] (Zoˆl.) A
||provisional group in which are placed a number of low microscopic
||organisms of doubtful nature. Some are probably plants, others
||animals.

||Pro*tis"ton (?), n.; pl. Protista (#). [NL.] (Zoˆl.) One of the
||Protista.

Pro"to- (?). [Gr. prw^tos first, a superl. fr. pro` before. See Pro-.]
1. A combining form prefix signifying first, primary, primordial; as,
protomartyr, the first martyr; protomorphic, primitive in form;
protoplast, a primordial organism; prototype, protozoan.

2. (Chem.) (a) Denoting the first or lowest of a series, or the one
having the smallest amount of the element to the name of which it is
prefixed; as protoxide, protochloride, etc. (b) Sometimes used as
equivalent to mono-, as indicating that the compound has but one atom
of the element to the name of which it is prefixed. Also used
adjectively.

Pro`to*ca*non"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the first canon, or
that which contains the authorized collection of the books of
Scripture; -- opposed to deutero- canonical.

Pro`to*cat`e*chu"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or
designating, an organic acid which is obtained as a white crystalline
substance from catechin, asafetida, oil of cloves, etc., and by
distillation itself yields pyrocatechin.

Pro`to*cer"cal (?), a. [Proto- + Gr. &?; the tail.] (Zoˆl.) Having a
caudal fin extending around the end of the vertebral column, like that
which is first formed in the embryo of fishes; diphycercal.

||Pro`to*coc"cus (?), n. [NL. See Proto-, and Coccus.] (Bot.) A genus
||of minute unicellular algÊ including the red snow plant (Protococcus
||nivalis).

Pro"to*col (?), n. [F. protocole, LL. protocollum, fr. Gr. &?; the
first leaf glued to the rolls of papyrus and the notarial documents, on
which the date was written; prw^tos the first (see Proto-) + &?; glue.]
1. The original copy of any writing, as of a deed, treaty, dispatch, or
other instrument. Burrill.

2. The minutes, or rough draught, of an instrument or transaction.

3. (Diplomacy) (a) A preliminary document upon the basis of which
negotiations are carried on. (b) A convention not formally ratified.
(c) An agreement of diplomatists indicating the results reached by them
at a particular stage of a negotiation.

Pro"to*col, v. t. To make a protocol of.

Pro"to*col, v. i. To make or write protocols, or first draughts; to
issue protocols. Carlyle.

Pro"to*col`ist, n. One who draughts protocols.

Pro"to*conch (?), n. [Proto- + conch.] (Zoˆl.) The embryonic shell, or
first chamber, of ammonites and other cephalopods.

Pro`to-Dor*ic (?), a. [Proto- + Doric.] (Arch.) Pertaining to, or
designating, architecture, in which the beginnings of the Doric style
are supposed to be found.

Pro"to*gine (?), n. [Proto- + root of Gr. &?; to be born: cf. F.
protogyne.] (Min.) A kind of granite or gneiss containing a silvery
talcose mineral.

Pro*tog"y*nous (?), a. [Proto + Gr. gynh` a woman.] (Bot.) Same as
Proterogynous.

||Pro`to*hip"pus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; first + &?; horse.]
||(Paleon.) A genus of fossil horses from the Lower Pliocene. They had
||three toes on each foot, the lateral ones being small.

Pro"to*mar`tyr (?), n. [LL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; first + &?; martyr: cf.
F. protomartyr. See Proto- , and Martyr.] The first martyr; the first
who suffers, or is sacrificed, in any cause; -- applied esp. to
Stephen, the first Christian martyr.

Pro`to*mer"ite (?), n. [Proto- + -mere + -ite.] (Zoˆl.) The second
segment of one of the GregarinÊ.

Pro`to*mor"phic (?), a. [Proto- + Gr. &?; form.] (Biol.) Having the
most primitive character; in the earliest form; as, a protomorphic
layer of tissue. H. Spencer.

||Pro`to*ne"ma (?), n.; pl. Protonemata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; first +
||&?;, &?;, a thread.] (Bot.) The primary growth from the spore of a
||moss, usually consisting of branching confervoid filaments, on any
||part of which stem and leaf buds may be developed.

Pro*ton"o*ta*ry (?), n. Same as Prothonotary.

Pro`to*ˆr"gan*ism (?), n. [Proto- + organism.] (Biol.) An organism
whose nature is so difficult to determine that it might be referred to
either the animal or the vegetable kingdom.

||Pro`to*pap"as (&?;), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a chief priest.] (Gr. Ch.)
||A protopope.

Pro"to*phyte (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?; a plant.] (Bot.) Any unicellular
plant, or plant forming only a plasmodium, having reproduction only by
fission, gemmation, or cell division.

The protophytes (Protophyta) are by some botanists considered an
independent branch or class of the vegetable kingdom, and made to
include the lowest forms of both fungi and algÊ, as slime molds,
Bacteria, the nostocs, etc. Cf. Carpophyte, and Oˆphyte.

Pro`to*phy*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Proto-  + phytology.] Paleobotany.

Pro"to*pine (?), n. [Proto- + opium.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in
opium in small quantities, and extracted as a white crystalline
substance.

Pro"to*plasm (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?; form, fr. &?; to mold.] (Biol.)
The viscid and more or less granular material of vegetable and animal
cells, possessed of vital properties by which the processes of
nutrition, secretion, and growth go forward; the so-called " physical
basis of life;" the original cell substance, cytoplasm, cytoblastema,
bioplasm sarcode, etc.

The lowest forms of animal and vegetable life (unicellular organisms)
consist of simple or unaltered protoplasm; the tissues of the higher
organisms, of differentiated protoplasm.

Pro`to*plas*mat"ic (?), a. Protoplasmic.

Pro`to*plas"mic (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the first formation of
living bodies.

2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to protoplasm; consisting of, or
resembling, protoplasm.

Pro"to*plast (?), n. [L. protoplastus the first man, Gr. &?; formed or
created first; &?; first + &?; formed, fr. &?; to form.]

1. The thing first formed; that of which there are subsequent copies or
reproductions; the original.

2. (Biol.) A first-formed organized body; the first individual, or pair
of individuals, of a species.

    A species is a class of individuals, each of which is
    hypothetically considered to be the descendant of the same
    protoplast, or of the same pair of protoplasts.


Latham.

||Pro`to*plas"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A division of fresh-water
||rhizopods including those that have a soft body and delicate branched
||pseudopodia. The genus Gromia is one of the best-known.

Pro`to*plas"tic (?), a. First- formed. Howell.

Pro*top"o*dite (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?;, &?;, foot.] (Zoˆl.) The basal
portion, or two proximal and more or less consolidated segments, of an
appendage of a crustacean.

Pro"to*pope (?), n. [Proto- + pope: cf. F. protopope, Russ. protopop'.]
(Gr. Ch.) One of the clergy of first rank in the lower order of secular
clergy; an archpriest; -- called also protopapas.

||Pro*top"te*rus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; first + &?; a feather
||(taken to mean, fin).] (Zoˆl.) See Komtok.

Pro"to*salt (?), n. [Proto- + salt.] (Chem.) A salt derived from a
protoxide base. [Obs.]

Pro`to*sil"i*cate (?), n. [Proto- + silicate.] (Chem.) A silicate
formed with the lowest proportion of silicic acid, or having but one
atom of silicon in the molecule.

Pro`to*so"mite (?), n. [Proto- + somite.] (Zoˆl.) One of the primitive
segments, or metameres, of an animal.

Pro`to*sul"phide (?), n. [Proto- + sulphide.] (Chem.) That one of a
series of sulphides of any element which has the lowest proportion of
sulphur; a sulphide with but one atom of sulphur in the molecule.

Pro`to*sul"phu*ret (?), n. [Proto-  + sulphuret.] (Chem.) A
protosulphide. [Obs.]

||Pro`to*the"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. prw^tos first + qhri`on,
||dim. of qh`r beast.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Monotremata.

||Pro`to*tra`che*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Proto-, and Trachea.]
||(Zoˆl.) Same as Malacopoda.

Pro"to*type (?), n. [F., from L. prototypus original, primitive, Gr.
&?;, &?;; &?; first + &?; type, model. See Proto-, and Type] An
original or model after which anything is copied; the pattern of
anything to be engraved, or otherwise copied, cast, or the like; a
primary form; exemplar; archetype.

    They will turn their backs on it, like their great precursor and
    prototype.


Burke.

Pro`to*ver"te*bra (?), n.; pl. ProtovertebrÊ . [Proto- + vertebra.]
(Anat.) One of the primitive masses, or segments, into which the
mesoblast of the vertebrate embryo breaks up on either side of the
anterior part of the notochord; a mesoblastic, or protovertebral,
somite. See Illust. of Ectoderm.

The protovertebrÊ were long regarded as rudiments of the permanent
vertebrÊ, but they are now known to give rise to the dorsal muscles and
other structures as well as the vertebral column. See Myotome.

Pro`to*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
protovertebrÊ.

Pro*tox"ide (?), n. [Proto- + oxide: cf. F. protoxide.] (Chem.) That
one of a series of oxides having the lowest proportion of oxygen. See
Proto-, 2 (b).

protoxide of nitrogen, laughing gas, now called hyponitrous oxide. See
under Laughing.

Pro*tox"i*dize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To combine with oxygen, as any
elementary substance, in such proportion as to form a protoxide.

||Pro`to*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; first + &?; an animal.]
||(Zoˆl.) The lowest of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom.

The entire animal consists of a single cell which is variously
modified; but in many species a number of these simple zooids are
united together so as to form a compound body or organism, as in the
Foraminifera and VorticellÊ. The reproduction takes place by fission,
or by the breaking up of the contents of the body after encystment,
each portion becoming a distinct animal, or in other ways, but never by
true eggs. The principal divisions are Rhizopoda, GregarinÊ, and
Infusoria. See also Foraminifera, Heliozoa, Protoplasta, Radiolaria,
Flagellata, Ciliata.

Pro`to*zo"an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Protozoa. -- n.
One of the Protozoa.

Pro`to*zo"ic (?), a. 1. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Protozoa.

2. (Geol.) Containing remains of the earliest discovered life of the
globe, which included mollusks, radiates and protozoans.

||Pro`to*zo"ˆn (-n), n.; pl. Protozoa (#). [NL.] (Zoˆl.) (a) One of the
||Protozoa. (b) A single zooid of a compound protozoan.

Pro`to*zo"ˆ*nite (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the primary, or first-formed,
segments of an embryonic arthropod.

||Pro*tra`che*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pro-, and Trachea.] (Zoˆl.)
||Same as Malacopoda.

<! p. 1154 !>

Pro*tract" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protracted; p. pr. vb. n.
Protracting.] [L. protractus, p. p. of protrahere to forth, protract;
pro forward + trahere to draw. See Portrait, Portray.] 1. To draw out
or lengthen in time or (rarely) in space; to continue; to prolong; as,
to protract an argument; to protract a war.

2. To put off to a distant time; to delay; to defer; as, to protract a
decision or duty. Shak.

3. (Surv.) To draw to a scale; to lay down the lines and angles of,
with scale and protractor; to plot.

4. (Zoˆl.) To extend; to protrude; as, the cat can protract its claws;
-- opposed to retract.

Pro*tract", n. [L. protractus.] Tedious continuance or delay. [Obs.]
Spenser.

Pro*tract`ed (?), a. Prolonged; continued.

Protracted meeting,a religious meeting continued for many successive
days. [U. S.]

-- Pro*tract"ed*ly, adv. -- Pro*tract"ed*ness, n.

Pro*tract"er (?), n. A protractor.

Pro*tract"ile (?), a. Capable of being protracted, or protruded;
protrusile.

Pro*trac"tion (?), n. [L. protractio.] 1. A drawing out, or continuing;
the act of delaying the termination of a thing; prolongation;
continuance; delay; as, the protraction of a debate.

    A protraction only of what is worst in life.


Mallock.

2. (Surv.) (a) The act or process of making a plot on paper. (b) A plot
on paper.

Pro*tract"ive (?), a. Drawing out or lengthening in time; prolonging;
continuing; delaying.

    He suffered their protractive arts.


Dryden.

Pro*tract"or (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, protracts, or causes
protraction.

2. A mathematical instrument for laying down and measuring angles on
paper, used in drawing or in plotting. It is of various forms,
semicircular, rectangular, or circular.

3. (Surg.) An instrument formerly used in extracting foreign or
offensive matter from a wound.

4. (Anat.) A muscle which extends an organ or part; -- opposed to
retractor.

5. An adjustable pattern used by tailors. Knight.

Pro*trep"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to turn forward, to urge on.]
Adapted to persuade; hortatory; persuasive. [Obs.] Bp. Ward.

Pro*trud"a*ble (?), a. That may be protruded; protrusile. Darwin.

Pro*trude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protruded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Protruding.] [L. protrudere, protrusum; pro forward + trudere to
thrust. See Threat.]

1. To thrust forward; to drive or force along. Locke.

2. To thrust out, as through a narrow orifice or from confinement; to
cause to come forth.

    When . . . Spring protrudes the bursting gems.


Thomson.

Pro*trude", v. i. To shoot out or forth; to be thrust forward; to
extend beyond a limit; to project.

    The parts protrude beyond the skin.


Bacon.

Pro*tru"sile (?), a. Capable of being protruded or thrust out;
protractile; protrusive.

Pro*tru"sion (?), n. 1. The act of protruding or thrusting forward, or
beyond the usual limit.

2. The state of being protruded, or thrust forward.

Pro*tru"sive (?), a. 1. Thrusting or impelling forward; as, protrusive
motion. E. Darwin.

2. Capable of being protruded; protrusile.

Pro*tru"sive*ly, adv. In a protrusive manner.

Pro*tu"ber*ance (?), n. [Cf. F. protubÈrance. See Protuberant.] That
which is protuberant swelled or pushed beyond the surrounding or
adjacent surface; a swelling or tumor on the body; a prominence; a
bunch or knob; an elevation.

Solar protuberances (Astron.), certain rose-colored masses on the limb
of the sun which are seen to extend beyond the edge of the moon at the
time of a solar eclipse. They may be discovered with the spectroscope
on any clear day. Called also solar prominences. See Illust. in Append.

Syn. -- Projection, Protuberance. protuberance differs from projection,
being applied to parts that rise from the surface with a gradual ascent
or small angle; whereas a projection may be at a right angle with the
surface.

Pro*tu"ber*an*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being protuberant;
protuberance; prominence.

Pro*tu"ber*ant (?), a. [L. protuberans, -antis, p. pr. of protuberare.
See Protuberate.] Prominent, or excessively prominent; bulging beyond
the surrounding or adjacent surface; swelling; as, a protuberant joint;
a protuberant eye. -- Pro*tu"ber*ant*ly, adv.

Pro*tu"ber*ate (?), v. i. [L. protuberare; pro forward + tuber a hump,
protuberance. See Tuber.] To swell, or be prominent, beyond the
adjacent surface; to bulge out. S. Sharp.

Pro*tu`ber*a"tion (?), n. The act of swelling beyond the surrounding
surface. Cooke (1615).

Pro*tu"ber*ous (?), a. Protuberant. [R.]

||Pro`tu*re"ter (?), n. [NL. See Proto-, Ureter.] (Anat.) The duct of a
||pronephros. Haeckel.

Pro"tyle (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?; stuff, material.] (Chem. & Astron.)
The hypothetical homogeneous cosmic material of the original universe,
supposed to have been differentiated into what are recognized as
distinct chemical elements.

Proud (?), a. [Compar. Prouder (?); superl. Proudest.] [OE. proud,
prout, prud, prut, AS. prt; akin to Icel. prr stately, handsome, Dan.
prud handsome. Cf. Pride.] 1. Feeling or manifesting pride, in a good
or bad sense; as: (a) Possessing or showing too great self-esteem;
overrating one's excellences; hence, arrogant; haughty; lordly;
presumptuous.

    Nor much expect A foe so proud will first the weaker seek.


Milton.

    O death, made proud with pure and princely beauty !


Shak.

    And shades impervious to the proud world's glare.


Keble.

(b) Having a feeling of high self-respect or self-esteem; exulting
(in); elated; -- often with of; as, proud of one's country. "Proud to
be checked and soothed." Keble.

    Are we proud men proud of being proud ?


Thackeray.

2. Giving reason or occasion for pride or self-gratulation; worthy of
admiration; grand; splendid; magnificent; admirable; ostentatious. "Of
shadow proud." Chapman. "Proud titles." Shak. " The proud temple's
height." Dryden.

    Till tower, and dome, and bridge-way proud Are mantled with a
    golden cloud.


Keble.

3. Excited by sexual desire; -- applied particularly to the females of
some animals. Sir T. Browne.

Proud is often used with participles in the formation of compounds
which, for the most part, are self-explaining; as, proud-crested,
proud-minded, proud-swelling.

Proud flesh (Med.), a fungous growth or excrescence of granulations
resembling flesh, in a wound or ulcer.

Proud"ish (?), a. Somewhat proud. Ash.

Proud"ling, n. A proud or haughty person. Sylvester.

Proud"ly, adv. In a proud manner; with lofty airs or mien; haughtily;
arrogantly; boastfully.

    Proudly he marches on, and void of fear.


Addison.

Proud"ness, n. The quality of being proud; pride.

    Set aside all arrogancy and proudness.


Latimer.

Proust"ite (?), n. [From the French chemist, J. L. Proust.] (Min.) A
sulphide of arsenic and silver of a beautiful cochineal-red color,
occurring in rhombohedral crystals, and also massive; ruby silver.

Prov"a*ble (?), a. [See Prove, and cf. Probable.] Capable of being
proved; demonstrable. -- Prov"a*ble*ness, n. -- Prov"a*bly, adv.

{ Prov"and (?), Pro"ant (?), } n. [See Provender.] Provender or food.
[Obs.]

    One pease was a soldier's provant a whole day.


Beau. & Fl.

Pro*vant" (?), v. t. To supply with provender or provisions; to provide
for. [Obs.] Nash.

Prov"ant (?), a. Provided for common or general use, as in an army;
hence, common in quality; inferior. "A poor provant rapier." B. Jonson.

Prove (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Proving.]
[OE. prover, F. prouver, fr. L. probare to try, approve, prove, fr.
probus good, proper. Cf. Probable, Proof, Probe.] 1. To try or to
ascertain by an experiment, or by a test or standard; to test; as, to
prove the strength of gunpowder or of ordnance; to prove the contents
of a vessel by a standard measure.

    Thou hast proved mine heart.


Ps. xvii. 3.

2. To evince, establish, or ascertain, as truth, reality, or fact, by
argument, testimony, or other evidence.

    They have inferred much from slender premises, and conjectured when
    they could not prove.


J. H. Newman.

3. To ascertain or establish the genuineness or validity of; to verify;
as, to prove a will.

4. To gain experience of the good or evil of; to know by trial; to
experience; to suffer.

    Where she, captived long, great woes did prove.


Spenser.

5. (Arith.) To test, evince, ascertain, or verify, as the correctness
of any operation or result; thus, in subtraction, if the difference
between two numbers, added to the lesser number, makes a sum equal to
the greater, the correctness of the subtraction is proved.

6. (Printing) To take a trial impression of; to take a proof of; as, to
prove a page.

Syn. -- To try; verify; justify; confirm; establish; evince; manifest;
show; demonstrate.

Prove, v. i. 1. To make trial; to essay.

2. To be found by experience, trial, or result; to turn out to be; as,
a medicine proves salutary; the report proves false. "The case proves
mortal." Arbuthnot.

    So life a winter's morn may prove.


Keble.

3. To succeed; to turn out as expected. [Obs.] "The experiment proved
not." Bacon.

Pro*vect" (?), a. [L. provectus, p. p. of provehere to carry forward.]
Carried forward; advanced. [Obs.] "Provect in years." Sir T. Flyot.

Pro*vec"tion (?), n. [L. provectio an advancement.] (Philol.) A
carrying forward, as of a final letter, to a following word; as, for
example, a nickname for an ekename.

Pro*ved"i*tor (?), n. [It. proveditore, provveditore, fr. provedere, L.
providere. See Provide, and cf. Purveyor, Provedore.] One employed to
procure supplies, as for an army, a steamer, etc.; a purveyor; one who
provides for another. Jer. Taylor.

Prov"e*dore (?), n. [Cf. Sp. proveedor. See Proveditor.] A proveditor;
a purveyor.

    Busied with the duties of a provedore.


W. Irving.

Prov"en (?), p. p. or a. Proved. "Accusations firmly proven in his
mind." Thackeray.

    Of this which was the principal charge, and was generally believed
    to beproven, he was acquitted.


Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Not proven (Scots Law), a verdict of a jury that the guilt of the
accused is not made out, though not disproved. Mozley & W.

||Pro`ven`Áal" (?), a. [F., fr. Provence, fr. L. provincia province.
||See Provincial.] Of or pertaining to Provence or its inhabitants.

||Pro`ven`Áal", n. [F.] 1. A native or inhabitant of Provence in
||France.

2. The Provencal language. See Langue d'oc.

Prov"ence rose` (?). [Provence the place + rose.] (a) The cabbage rose
(Rosa centifolia). (b) A name of many kinds of roses which are hybrids
of Rosa centifolia and R. Gallica.

Pro*ven"cial (?), a. [See ProvenÁal.] Of or pertaining to Provence in
France.

Prov"end (?), n. See Provand. [Obs.]

Prov"en*der (?), n. [OE. provende, F. provende, provisions, provender,
fr. LL. praebenda (prae and pro being confused), a daily allowance of
provisions, a prebend. See Prebend.] 1. Dry food for domestic animals,
as hay, straw, corn, oats, or a mixture of ground grain; feed. "Hay or
other provender." Mortimer.

    Good provender laboring horses would have.


Tusser.

2. Food or provisions. [R or Obs.]

Prov"ent (?), n. See Provand. [Obs.]

Pro*ven"tri*cle (?), n. (Anat.) Proventriculus.

||Pro`ven*tri"u*lus (?), n. [NL. See Pro-, and Ventricle.] (Anat.) The
||glandular stomach of birds, situated just above the crop.

Prov"er (?), n. One who, or that which, proves.

Prov"erb (?), n. [OE. proverbe, F. proverbe, from L. proverbium; pro
before, for + verbum a word. See Verb.] 1. An old and common saying; a
phrase which is often repeated; especially, a sentence which briefly
and forcibly expresses some practical truth, or the result of
experience and observation; a maxim; a saw; an adage. Chaucer. Bacon.

2. A striking or paradoxical assertion; an obscure saying; an enigma; a
parable.

    His disciples said unto him, Lo, now speakest thou plainly, and
    speakest no proverb.


John xvi. 29.

3. A familiar illustration; a subject of contemptuous reference.

    Thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a by word, among
    all nations.


Deut. xxviii. 37.

4. A drama exemplifying a proverb.

Book of Proverbs, a canonical book of the Old Testament, containing a
great variety of wise maxims.

Syn. -- Maxim; aphorism; apothegm; adage; saw.

Prov"erb, v. t. 1. To name in, or as, a proverb. [R.]

    Am I not sung and proverbed for a fool ?


Milton.

2. To provide with a proverb. [R.]

    I am proverbed with a grandsire phrase.


Shak.

Prov"erb, v. i. To write or utter proverbs. [R.]

Pro*ver"bi*al (?), a. [L. proverbialis: cf. F. proverbial.] 1.
Mentioned or comprised in a proverb; used as a proverb; hence, commonly
known; as, a proverbial expression; his meanness was proverbial.

    In case of excesses, I take the German proverbial cure, by a hair
    of the same beast, to be the worst.


Sir W. Temple.

2. Of or pertaining to proverbs; resembling a proverb. "A proverbial
obscurity." Sir T. Browne.

Pro*ver"bi*al*ism (?), n. A proverbial phrase.

Pro*ver"bi*al*ist, n. One who makes much use of proverbs in speech or
writing; one who composes, collects, or studies proverbs.

Pro*ver"bi*al*ize (?), v. t. & i. [Cf. F. proverbialiser.] To turn into
a proverb; to speak in proverbs.

Pro*ver"bi*al*ly, adv. In a proverbial manner; by way of proverb;
hence, commonly; universally; as, it is proverbially said; the bee is
proverbially busy.

Pro*vex"i*ty (?), n. [L. provehere to advance. Cf. Provect.] Great
advance in age. [Obs.]

Pro*vide" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provided; p. pr. & vb. n.
Providing.] [L. providere, provisum; pro before + videre to see. See
Vision, and cf. Prudent, Purvey.] 1. To look out for in advance; to
procure beforehand; to get, collect, or make ready for future use; to
prepare. "Provide us all things necessary." Shak.

2. To supply; to afford; to contribute.

    Bring me berries, or such cooling fruit As the kind, hospitable
    woods provide.


Milton.

3. To furnish; to supply; -- formerly followed by of, now by with. "And
yet provided him of but one." Jer. Taylor. "Rome . . . was well
provided with corn." Arbuthnot.

4. To establish as a previous condition; to stipulate; as, the contract
provides that the work be well done.

5. To foresee. [A Latinism] [Obs.] B. Jonson.

6. To appoint to an ecclesiastical benefice before it is vacant. See
Provisor. Prescott.

Pro*vide", v. i. 1. To procure supplies or means in advance; to take
measures beforehand in view of an expected or a possible future need,
especially a danger or an evil; -- followed by against or for; as, to
provide against the inclemency of the weather; to provide for the
education of a child.

    Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human
    wants.


Burke.

2. To stipulate previously; to condition; as, the agreement provides
for an early completion of the work.

Pro*vid"ed (?), conj. On condition; by stipulation; with the
understanding; if; -- usually followed by that; as, provided that
nothing in this act shall prejudice the rights of any person whatever.

    Provided the deductions are logical, they seem almost indifferent
    to their truth.


G. H. Lewes.

This word is strictly a participle, and the word being is understood,
the participle provided agreeing with the whole sentence absolute, and
being equivalent to this condition being previously stipulated or
established.

Prov"i*dence (?), n. [L. providentia: cf. F. providence. See Provident,
and cf. Prudence.] 1. The act of providing or preparing for future use
or application; a making ready; preparation.

    Providence for war is the best prevention of it.


Bacon.

2. Foresight; care; especially, the foresight and care which God
manifests for his creatures; hence, God himself, regarded as exercising
a constant wise prescience.

    The world was all before them, where to choose Their place of rest,
    and Providence their guide.


Milton.

3. (Theol.) A manifestation of the care and superintendence which God
exercises over his creatures; an event ordained by divine direction.

    He that hath a numerous family, and many to provide for, needs a
    greater providence of God.


Jer. Taylor.

<! p. 1155 !>

4. Prudence in the management of one's concerns; economy; frugality.

    It is a high point of providence in a prince to cast an eye rather
    upon actions than persons.


Quarles.

Prov"i*dent (?), a. [L. providens, -entis, p. pr. of providere: cf. F.
provident. See Provide, and cf. Prudent.] Foreseeing wants and making
provision to supply them; prudent in preparing for future exigencies;
cautious; economical; -- sometimes followed by of; as, aprovident man;
an animal provident of the future.

    And of our good and of our dignity, How provident he is.


Milton.

Syn. -- Forecasting; cautious; careful; prudent; frugal; economical.

Prov`i*den"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. providentiel.] Effected by, or
referable to, divine direction or superintendence; as, the providential
contrivance of thing; a providential escape. -- Prov"i*den"tial*ly,
adv.

Prov"i*dent*ly (?), adv. In a provident manner.

Prov"i*dent*ness, n. The quality or state of being provident;
carefulness; prudence; economy.

Pro*vid"er (?), n. One who provides, furnishes, or supplies; one who
procures what is wanted.

Prov"i*dore (?), n. [See Provedore.] One who makes provision; a
purveyor. [R.] De Foe.

Prov"ince (?), n. [F., fr. L. provincia; prob. fr. pro before, for +
the root of vincere to conquer. See Victor.] 1. (Roman Hist.) A country
or region, more or less remote from the city of Rome, brought under the
Roman government; a conquered country beyond the limits of Italy.
Wyclif (Acts xiii. 34). Milton.

2. A country or region dependent on a distant authority; a portion of
an empire or state, esp. one remote from the capital. "Kingdoms and
provinces." Shak.

3. A region of country; a tract; a district.

    Over many a tract of heaven they marched, and many a province wide.


Milton.

    Other provinces of the intellectual world.


I. Watts.

4. A region under the supervision or direction of any special person;
the district or division of a country, especially an ecclesiastical
division, over which one has jurisdiction; as, the province of
Canterbury, or that in which the archbishop of Canterbury exercises
ecclesiastical authority.

5. The proper or appropriate business or duty of a person or body;
office; charge; jurisdiction; sphere.

    The woman'sprovince is to be careful in her economy, and chaste in
    her affection.


Tattler.

6. Specif.: Any political division of the Dominion of Canada, having a
governor, a local legislature, and representation in the Dominion
parliament. Hence, colloquially, The Provinces, the Dominion of Canada.

Pro*vin"cial (?), a. [L. provincialis: cf. F. provincial. See Province,
and cf. Provencal.] 1. Of or pertaining to province; constituting a
province; as, a provincial government; a provincial dialect.

2. Exhibiting the ways or manners of a province; characteristic of the
inhabitants of a province; not cosmopolitan; countrified; not polished;
rude; hence, narrow; illiberal. "Provincial airs and graces." Macaulay.

3. Of or pertaining to an ecclesiastical province, or to the
jurisdiction of an archbishop; not ecumenical; as, a provincial synod.
Ayliffe.

4. Of or pertaining to Provence; Provencal. [Obs.]

    With two Provincial roses on my razed shoes.


Shak.

Pro*vin"cial, n. 1. A person belonging to a province; one who is
provincial.

2. (R. C. Ch.) A monastic superior, who, under the general of his
order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same
fraternity in a given district, called a province of the order.

Pro*vin"cial*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. provincialisme.] A word, or a manner
of speaking, peculiar to a province or a district remote from the
mother country or from the metropolis; a provincial characteristic;
hence, narrowness; illiberality. M. Arnold.

Pro*vin"cial*ist, n. One who lives in a province; a provincial.

Pro*vin`ci*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being provincial;
peculiarity of language characteristic of a province. T. Warton.

Pro*vin"cial*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provincialized (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Provincializing (?).] To render provincial. M. Arnold.

Pro*vin"cial*ly, adv. In a provincial manner.

Pro*vin"ci*ate (?), v. t. To convert into a province or provinces.
[Obs.] Howell.

Pro*vine" (?), v. i. [F. provingner, fr. provin a set, layer of a
plant, OF. provain, from L. propago, -aginis, akin to propagare to
propagate. See Propagate, Prune, v. t.] To lay a stock or branch of a
vine in the ground for propagation. [Obs.] Johnson.

Pro*vi"sion (?), n. [L. provisio: cf. F. provision. See Provide.] 1.
The act of providing, or making previous preparation. Shak.

2. That which is provided or prepared; that which is brought together
or arranged in advance; measures taken beforehand; preparation.

    Making provision for the relief of strangers.


Bacon.

3. Especially, a stock of food; any kind of eatables collected or
stored; -- often in the plural.

    And of provisions laid in large, For man and beast.


Milton.

4. That which is stipulated in advance; a condition; a previous
agreement; a proviso; as, the provisions of a contract; the statute has
many provisions.

5. (R. C. Ch.) A canonical term for regular induction into a benefice,
comprehending nomination, collation, and installation.

6. (Eng. Hist.) A nomination by the pope to a benefice before it became
vacant, depriving the patron of his right of presentation. Blackstone.

Pro*vi"sion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provisioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Provisioning.] To supply with food; to victual; as, to provision a
garrison.

    They were provisioned for a journey.


Palfrey.

Pro*vi"sion*al (?), a. [Cf. F. provisionnel.] Of the nature of a
provision; serving as a provision for the time being; -- used of
partial or temporary arrangements; as, a provisional government; a
provisional treaty.

Pro*vi"sion*al*ly, adv. By way of provision for the time being;
temporarily. Locke.

Pro*vi"sion*a*ry (?), a. Provisional. Burke.

Pro*vi"so (?), n.; pl. Provisos (#). [L., (it) being provided, abl. of
provisus, p. p. of providere. See Provide, and cf. Purview.] An article
or clause in any statute, agreement, contract, grant, or other writing,
by which a condition is introduced, usually beginning with the word
provided; a conditional stipulation that affects an agreement,
contract, law, grant, or the like; as, the contract was impaired by its
proviso.

    He doth deny his prisoners, But with proviso and exception.


Shak.

Pro*vi"sor (?), n. [L., fr. providere: cf. F. proviseur. See Provide.]
1. One who provides; a purveyor. [Obs.] "The chief provisor of our
horse." Ford.

2. (R. C. Ch.) (a) The purveyor, steward, or treasurer of a religious
house. Cowell. (b) One who is regularly inducted into a benefice. See
Provision, 5. P. Plowman.

3. (Eng. Hist.) One who procures or receives a papal provision. See
Provision, 6.

Pro*vi"so*ri*ly (?), adv. In a provisory manner; conditionally; subject
to a proviso; as, to admit a doctrine provisorily. Sir W. Hamilton.

Pro*vi"sor*ship (?), n. The office or position of a provisor. [R.] J.
Webster.

Pro*vi"so*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. provisoire.] 1. Of the nature of a
proviso; containing a proviso or condition; conditional; as, a
provisory clause.

2. Making temporary provision; provisional.

Prov`o*ca"tion (?), n. [F. provocation, L. provocatio. See Provoke.] 1.
The act of provoking, or causing vexation or, anger. Fabyan.

2. That which provokes, or excites anger; the cause of resentment; as,
to give provocation. Paley.

3. Incitement; stimulus; as, provocation to mirth.

4. (Law) Such prior insult or injury as may be supposed, under the
circumstances, to create hot blood, and to excuse an assault made in
retort or redress.

5. An appeal to a court. [A Latinism] [Obs.] Ayliffe.

Pro*vo"ca*tive (?), a. [L. provocativus: cf. OF. provocatif.] Serving
or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate; exciting.

Pro*vo"ca*tive, n. Anything that is provocative; a stimulant; as, a
provocative of appetite.

Pro*vo"ca*tive*ness, n. Quality of being provocative.

Pro*vo"ca*to*ry (?), a. Provocative.

Pro*vok"a*ble (?), a. That may be provoked.

Pro*voke" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provoked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Provoking.] [F. provoquer, L. provocare to call forth; pro forth +
vocare to call, fr. vox, vocis, voice, cry, call. See Voice.] To call
forth; to call into being or action; esp., to incense to action, a
faculty or passion, as love, hate, or ambition; hence, commonly, to
incite, as a person, to action by a challenge, by taunts, or by
defiance; to exasperate; to irritate; to offend intolerably; to cause
to retaliate.

    Obey his voice, provoke him not.


Ex. xxiii. 21.

    Ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath.


Eph. vi. 4.

    Such acts Of contumacy will provoke the Highest To make death in us
    live.


Milton.

    Can honor's voice provoke the silent dust?


Gray.

    To the poet the meaning is what he pleases to make it, what it
    provokes in his own soul.


J. Burroughs.

Syn. -- To irritate; arouse; stir up; awake; excite; incite; anger. See
Irritate.

Pro*voke", v. i. 1. To cause provocation or anger.

2. To appeal. [A Latinism] [Obs.] Dryden.

Pro*voke"ment (?), n. The act that which, provokes; one who excites
anger or other passion, or incites to action; as, a provoker of
sedition.

    Drink, sir, is a great provoker of three things.


Shak.

Pro*vok"ing, a. Having the power or quality of exciting resentment;
tending to awaken passion or vexation; as, provoking words or
treatment. -- Pro*vok"ing*ly, adv.

Prov"ost (?), n. [OF. provost (L. prae and pro being confused), F.
prevÙt, fr. L. praepositus placed before, a chief, fr. praeponere to
place before: cf. AS. prfost, prfast. See Preposition, and cf.
Propound.] 1. A person who is appointed to superintend, or preside
over, something; the chief magistrate in some cities and towns; as, the
provost of Edinburgh or of Glasgow, answering to the mayor of other
cities; the provost of a college, answering to president; the provost
or head of certain collegiate churches.

2. The keeper of a prison. [Obs.] Shak.

In France, formerly, a provost was an inferior judge who had cognizance
of civil causes. The grand provost of France, or of the household, had
jurisdiction in the king's house, and over its officers.

Provost marshal (often pronounced &?;). (a) (Mil.) An officer appointed
in every army, in the field, to secure the prisoners confined on
charges of a general nature. He also performs such other duties
pertaining to police and discipline as the regulations of the service
or the commander's orders impose upon him. (b) (Nav.) An officer who
has charge of prisoners on trial by court-martial, serves notices to
witnesses, etc.

Prov"ost*ship, n. The office of a provost.

Prow (?), n. [F. proue (cf. Sp. & Pg. proa, It. prua), L. prora, Gr.
&?;, akin to &?; before. See Pro-, and cf. Prore.] The fore part of a
vessel; the bow; the stem; hence, the vessel itself. Wordsworth.

    The floating vessel swum Uplifted, and secure with beaked prow rode
    tilting o'er the waves.


Milton.

Prow (?), n. See Proa.

Prow, a. [Compar. Prower (?); superl. Prowest.] [OF. prou, preu, F.
preux, fr. L. pro, prod, in prodesse to be useful. See Pro-, and cf.
Prude.] Valiant; brave; gallant; courageous. [Archaic] Tennyson.

    The prowest knight that ever field did fight.


Spenser.

Prow, n. [OE. & OF. prou. See Prow, a.] Benefit; profit; good;
advantage. [Obs.]

    That shall be for your hele and for your prow.


Chaucer.

Prow"ess (?), n. [OF. proece, proesce, F. prouesse. See Prow, a.]
Distinguished bravery; valor; especially, military bravery and skill;
gallantry; intrepidity; fearlessness. Chaucer. Sir P. Sidney.

    He by his prowess conquered all France.


Shak.

Prowl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prowled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prowling.]
[OE. prollen to search about; of uncertain origin, perh. for proglen, a
dim. of prog to beg, or proke to poke. Cf. Proke.] 1. To rove over,
through, or about in a stealthy manner; esp., to search in, as for prey
or booty.

    He prowls each place, still in new colors decked.


Sir P. Sidney.

2. To collect by plunder; as, to prowl money. [Obs.]

Prowl, v. i. To rove or wander stealthily, esp. for prey, as a wild
beast; hence, to prey; to plunder.

Prowl, n. The act of prowling. [Colloq.] Smart.

Prowl"er (?), n. One that prowls. Thomson.

Prowl"ing, a. Accustomed to prowl, or engaged in roving stealthily, as
for prey. "A prowling wolf." Milton. -- Prowl"ing*ly, adv.

Prox (?), n. [Cf. Proxy.] "The ticket or list of candidates at
elections, presented to the people for their votes." [Rhode Island]
Bartlett.

Prox"ene (?), n. [Cf. &?;; &?; before + &?; a guest, stranger: cf. F.
proxËne.] (Gr. Antiq.) An officer who had the charge of showing
hospitality to those who came from a friendly city or state.

Prox"e*net (?), n. [L. proxeneta, Gr. &?;.] A negotiator; a factor.
[R.] Dr. H. More.

Prox"i*mad (?), adv. [Proximal + L. ad to.] (Anat.) Toward a proximal
part; on the proximal side of; proximally.

Prox"i*mal (?), a. 1. Toward or nearest, as to a body, or center of
motion of dependence; proximate.

2. (Biol.) (a) Situated near the point of attachment or origin; as, the
proximal part of a limb. (b) Of or pertaining to that which is
proximal; as, the proximal bones of a limb. Opposed to distal.

Prox"i*mal*ly, adv. (Anat.) On or toward a proximal part; proximad.

Prox"i*mate (?), a. [L. proximatus, p. p. of proximare to come near, to
approach, fr. proximus the nearest, nest, superl. of propior nearer,
and prope, adv., near.] Nearest; next immediately preceding or
following. "Proximate ancestors." J. S. Harford.

    The proximate natural causes of it [the deluge].


T. Burnet.

Proximate analysis (Chem.), an analysis which determines the proximate
principles of any substance, as contrasted with an ultimate analysis.
-- Proximate cause. (a) A cause which immediately precedes and produces
the effect, as distinguished from the remote, mediate, or predisposing
cause. I. Watts. (b) That which in ordinary natural sequence produces a
specific result, no independent disturbing agencies intervening. --
Proximate principle (Physiol. Chem.), one of a class of bodies existing
ready formed in animal and vegetable tissues, and separable by chemical
analysis, as albumin, sugar, collagen, fat, etc.

Syn. -- Nearest; next; closest; immediate; direct.

Prox"i*mate*ly, adv. In a proximate manner, position, or degree;
immediately.

Prox"ime (?), a. [L. proximus. See Proximate.] Next; immediately
preceding or following. [Obs.]

Prox*im"i*ous (?), a. Proximate. [Obs.]

Prox*im"i*ty (?), n. [L. proximitas: cf. F. proximitÈ See Proximate,
and cf. Propinquity, Approach.] The quality or state of being next in
time, place, causation, influence, etc.; immediate nearness, either in
place, blood, or alliance.

    If he plead proximity of blood That empty title is with ease
    withstood.


Dryden.

Prox"i*mo (?). [L., on the next, abl. of proximus next.] In the next
month after the present; -- often contracted to prox.; as, on the 3d
proximo.

Prox"y (?), n.; pl. Proxies (#). [Contr. from procuracy. Cf. Proctor.]
1. The agency for another who acts through the agent; authority to act
for another, esp. to vote in a legislative or corporate capacity.

    I have no man's proxy: I speak only for myself.


Burke.

2. The person who is substituted or deputed to act or vote for another.

    Every peer . . . may make another lord of parliament his proxy, to
    vote for him in his absence.


Blackstone.

3. A writing by which one person authorizes another to vote in his
stead, as in a corporation meeting.

4. (Eng. Law) The written appointment of a proctor in suits in the
ecclesiastical courts. Burrill.

5. (Eccl.) See Procuration. [Obs.]

Prox"y, v. i. To act or vote by proxy; to do anything by the agency of
another. [R.]

Prox"y*ship, n. The office or agency of a proxy.

Pruce (?), n. [OE. for Prussia: cf. F. Prusse.] Prussian leather.
[Obs.] Dryden.

<! p. 1156 !>

Prude (?), n. [F., prudish, originally, discreet, modest; shortened
from OF. prudefeme, preudefeme, a discreet or excellent woman; OF.
preu, prou, excellent, brave + de of + fete woman. See Prow, a.,
Prowess.] A woman of affected modesty, reserve, or coyness; one who is
overscrupulous or sensitive; one who affects extraordinary prudence in
conduct and speech.

    Less modest than the speech of prudes.


Swift.

Pru"dence (?), n. [F., fr. L. prudentia, contr. from providentia. See
Prudent, and cf. Providence.] The quality or state of being prudent;
wisdom in the way of caution and provision; discretion; carefulness;
hence, also, economy; frugality.

    Prudence is principally in reference to actions to be done, and due
    means, order, seasons, and method of doing or not doing.


Sir M. Hale.

    Prudence supposes the value of the end to be assumed, and refers
    only to the adaptation of the means. It is the relation of right
    means for given ends.


Whewell.

Syn. -- Wisdom; forecast; providence; considerateness; judiciousness;
discretion; caution; circumspection; judgment. See Wisdom.

Pru"den*cy (?), n. Prudence. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

Pru"dent (?), a. [L. prudens, -entis, contr. from providens: cf. F.
prudent. See Provident.] 1. Sagacious in adapting means to ends;
circumspect in action, or in determining any line of conduct;
practically wise; judicious; careful; discreet; sensible; -- opposed to
rash; as, a prudent man; dictated or directed by prudence or wise
forethought; evincing prudence; as, prudent behavior.

    Moses established a grave and prudent law.


Milton.

2. Frugal; economical; not extravagant; as, a prudent woman; prudent
expenditure of money.

Syn. -- Cautious; wary; circumspect; considerate; discreet; judicious;
provident; economical; frugal.

Pru*den"tial (?), a. 1. Proceeding from, or dictated or characterized
by, prudence; prudent; discreet; sometimes, selfish or pecuniary as
distinguished from higher motives or influences; as, prudential
motives. " A prudential line of conduct." Sir W. Scott.

2. Exercising prudence; discretionary; advisory; superintending or
executive; as, a prudential committee.

Pru*den"tial, n. That which relates to or demands the exercise of,
discretion or prudence; -- usually in the pl.

    Many stanzas, in poetic measures, contain rules relating to common
    prudentials as well as to religion.


I. Watts.

Pru*den"tial*ist, n. One who is governed by, or acts from, prudential
motives. [R.] Coleridge.

Pru*den`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being prudential.
Sir T. Browne.

Pru*den"tial*ly (?), adv. In a prudential manner; prudently. South.

Pru"dent*ly (?), adv. In a prudent manner.

Prud"er*y (?), n.; pl. Pruderies (#). [F. pruderie. See Prude.] The
quality or state of being prudish; excessive or affected scrupulousness
in speech or conduct; stiffness; coyness. Cowper.

Prud*homme" (?), n. [F. prud'homme. cf. Prude.] A trustworthy citizen;
a skilled workman. See Citation under 3d Commune, 1.

Prud"ish (?), a. Like a prude; very formal, precise, or reserved;
affectedly severe in virtue; as, a prudish woman; prudish manners.

    A formal lecture, spoke with prudish face.


Garrick.

Prud"ish*ly, adv. In a prudish manner.

Pru"i*nate (?), a. Same as Pruinose.

Pru"i*nose` (?), a. [L. pruinosus, fr. pruina hoarfrost.] Frosty;
covered with fine scales, hairs, dust, bloom, or the like, so as to
give the appearance of frost.

Pru"i*nous (?), a. Frosty; pruinose.

Prune (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pruned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pruning.]
[OE. proine, probably fr. F. provigner to lay down vine stocks for
propagation; hence, probably, the meaning, to cut away superfluous
shoots. See Provine.] 1. To lop or cut off the superfluous parts,
branches, or shoots of; to clear of useless material; to shape or
smooth by trimming; to trim: as, to prune trees; to prune an essay.
Thackeray.

    Taking into consideration how they [laws] are to be pruned and
    reformed.


Bacon.

    Our delightful task To prune these growing plants, and tend these
    flowers.


Milton.

2. To cut off or cut out, as useless parts.

    Horace will our superfluous branches prune.


Waller.

3. To preen; to prepare; to dress. Spenser.

    His royal bird Prunes the immortal wing and cloys his beak.


Shak.

Prune, v. i. To dress; to prink; - used humorously or in contempt.
Dryden.

Prune, n. [F. prune, from L. prunum a plum. See Plum.] A plum; esp., a
dried plum, used in cookery; as, French or Turkish prunes; California
prunes.

German prune (Bot.), a large dark purple plum, of oval shape, often
one-sided. It is much used for preserving, either dried or in sirup. --
Prune tree. (Bot.) (a) A tree of the genus Prunus (P. domestica), which
produces prunes. (b) The West Indian tree, Prunus occidentalis. --
South African prune (Bot.), the edible fruit of a sapindaceous tree
(Pappea Capensis).

||Pru*nel"la (?), n. [NL., perhaps from G. brÊune quinsy, croup.]
||(Med.) (a) Angina, or angina pectoris. (b) Thrush.

Prunella salt (Old Chem.), niter fused and cast into little balls.

{ Pru*nel"la, Pru*nel"lo, } n. [F. prunelle, probably so called from
its color resembling that of prunes. See Prune, n.] A smooth woolen
stuff, generally black, used for making shoes; a kind of lasting; --
formerly used also for clergymen's gowns.

Pru*nelle" (?), n. [F., dim. of prune. See Prune, n.] A kind of small
and very acid French plum; -- applied especially to the stoned and
dried fruit.

Pru*nel"lo (?), n. [F. prunelle, dim. of prune. See Prune a plum.] A
species of dried plum; prunelle.

Prun"er (?), n. 1. One who prunes, or removes, what is superfluous.

2. (Zoˆl.) Any one of several species of beetles whose larvÊ gnaw the
branches of trees so as to cause them to fall, especially the American
oak pruner (Asemum mústum), whose larva eats the pith of oak branches,
and when mature gnaws a circular furrow on the inside nearly to the
bark. When the branches fall each contains a pupa.

Pru*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. prunum a plum + -ferous.] Bearing plums.

Prun"ing (?), n. 1. The act of trimming, or removing what is
superfluous.

2. (Falconry) That which is cast off by bird in pruning her feathers;
leavings. Beau. & Fl.

Pruning hook, or Pruning knife, cutting instrument used in pruning
trees, etc. -- Pruning shears, shears for pruning trees, vines, etc.

||Pru"nus (?), n. [L., a plum tree.] (Bot.) A genus of trees with
||perigynous rosaceous flowers, and a single two-ovuled carpel which
||usually becomes a drupe in ripening.

Originally, this genus was limited to the plums, then, by LinnÊus, was
made to include the cherries and the apricot. Later botanists separated
these into several genera, as Prunus, Cerasus, and Armeniaca, but now,
by Bentham and Hooker, the plums, cherries, cherry laurels, peach,
almond, and nectarine are all placed in Prunus.

{ Pru"ri*ence (?), Pru"ri*en*cy (?), } n. The quality or state of being
prurient.

    The pruriency of curious ears.


Burke.

    There is a prurience in the speech of some.


Cowper.

Pru"ri*ent (?), a. [L. pruries, - entis, p. pr. of prurire to itch. Cf.
Freeze.] Uneasy with desire; itching; especially, having a lascivious
curiosity or propensity; lustful. -- Pru"ri*ent*ly, adv.

    The eye of the vain and prurient is darting from object to object
    of illicit attraction.


I. Taylor.

Pru*rig"i*nous (?), a. [L. pruriginosus: cf. F. prurigineux.] (Med.)
Tending to, or caused by, prurigo; affected by, or of the nature of,
prurigo.

||Pru*ri"go (?), n. [L., an itching, the itch, fr. prurire to itch.]
||(Med.) A papular disease of the skin, of which intense itching is the
||chief symptom, the eruption scarcely differing from the healthy
||cuticle in color.

||Pru*ri"tus (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Itching.

Prus"sian (?), a. [From Prussia, the country: cf. F. prussien.] Of or
pertaining to Prussia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Prussia.

Prussian blue (Chem.), any one of several complex double cyanides of
ferrous and ferric iron; specifically, a dark blue amorphous substance
having a coppery luster, obtained by adding a solution of potassium
ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate of potash) to a ferric salt. It is used
in dyeing, in ink, etc. Called also Williamson's blue, insoluble
Prussian blue, Berlin blue, etc. -- Prussian carp (Zoˆl.) See Gibel. --
Prussian green. (Chem.) Same as Berlin green, under Berlin.

Prus"si*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. prussiate.] (Chem.) A salt of prussic acid;
a cyanide.

Red prussiate of potash. See Potassium ferricyanide, under
Ferricyanide. -- Yellow prussiate of potash. See Potassium
ferrocyanide, under Ferrocyanide.

Prus"sic (?), a. [Cf. F. prussique.] (Old Chem.) designating the acid
now called hydrocyanic acid, but formerly called prussic acid, because
Prussian blue is derived from it or its compounds. See Hydrocyanic.

Pru*ten"ic (?), a. (Astron.) Prussian; -- applied to certain
astronomical tables published in the sixteenth century, founded on the
principles of Copernicus, a Prussian.

Pry (?), n. [Corrupted fr. prize a lever. See Prize, n.] A lever; also,
leverage. [Local, U. S. & Eng.]

Pry pole, the pole which forms the prop of a hoisting gin, and stands
facing the windlass.

Pry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prying.] To raise
or move, or attempt to raise or move, with a pry or lever; to prize.
[Local, U. S. & Eng.]

Pry, v. i. [OE. prien. Cf. Peer to peep.] To peep narrowly; to gaze; to
inspect closely; to attempt to discover something by a scrutinizing
curiosity; -- often implying reproach. " To pry upon the stars."
Chaucer.

    Watch thou and wake when others be asleep, To pry into the secrets
    of the state.


Shak.

Pry, n. Curious inspection; impertinent peeping.

Pry"an (?), n. (Mining) See Prian.

Pry"ing, a. Inspecting closely or impertinently.

Syn. -- Inquisitive; curious. See Inquisitive.

Pry"ing*ly, adv. In a prying manner.

||Pryt`a*ne"um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; prytanis.] (Gr.
||Antiq.) A public building in certain Greek cities; especially, a
||public hall in Athens regarded as the home of the community, in which
||official hospitality was extended to distinguished citizens and
||strangers.

||Pryt"a*nis (?), n.; pl. Prytanes (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.)
||A member of one of the ten sections into which the Athenian senate of
||five hundred was divided, and to each of which belonged the
||presidency of the senate for about one tenth of the year.

Pryt"a*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.) The period during which the
presidency of the senate belonged to the prytanes of the section.

Pryth"ee (?), interj. See Prithee.

Psalm (?), n. [OE. psalm, salm, AS. sealm, L. psalmus, psalma, fr. Gr.
&?;, &?;, fr. &?; to pull, twitch, to play upon a stringed instrument,
to sing to the harp: cf. OF. psalme, salme, F. psaume.] 1. A sacred
song; a poetical composition for use in the praise or worship of God.

    Humus devout and holy psalms Singing everlastingly.


Milton.

2. Especially, one of the hymns by David and others, collected into one
book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a hymn
for public worship.

Psalm, v. t. To extol in psalms; to sing; as, psalming his praises.
Sylvester.

Psalm"ist (?), n. [L. psalmista, Gr. &?;: cf. F. psalmiste. See Psalm.]
1. A writer or composer of sacred songs; -- a title particularly
applied to David and the other authors of the Scriptural psalms.

2. (R. C. Ch.) A clerk, precentor, singer, or leader of music, in the
church.

Psalm"ist*ry (?), n. The use of psalms in devotion; psalmody.

{ Psal*mod"ic (?), Psal*mod"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. psalmodique.]
Relating to psalmody.

Psal"mo*dist (?), n. One who sings sacred songs; a psalmist.

Psal"mo*dize (?), v. i. To practice psalmody. " The psalmodizing art."
J. G. Cooper.

Psal"mo*dy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; psalm + &?; a song, an ode: cf. F.
psalmodie, LL. psalmodia. See Psalm, and Ode.] The act, practice, or
art of singing psalms or sacred songs; also, psalms collectively, or a
collection of psalms.

Psal"mo*graph (?), n. [See Psalmographer.] A writer of psalms; a
psalmographer.

{ Psal*mog"ra*pher (?), Psal*mog"ra*phist (?), } n. [L. psalmographus,
Gr. &?;; &?; a psalm + &?; to write.] A writer of psalms, or sacred
songs and hymns.

Psal*mog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. psalmographie.] The act or practice of
writing psalms, or sacred songs.

Psal"ter (?), n. [OE. psauter, sauter, OF. sautier, psaltier, F.
psautier, from L. psalterium. See Psaltery.] 1. The Book of Psalms; --
often applied to a book containing the Psalms separately printed.

2. Specifically, the Book of Psalms as printed in the Book of Common
Prayer; among the Roman Catholics, the part of the Breviary which
contains the Psalms arranged for each day of the week.

3. (R. C. Ch.) A rosary, consisting of a hundred and fifty beads,
corresponding to the number of the psalms.

Psal*te"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the psalterium.

||Psal*te"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Psalteria (#). [L., a psaltery.] (Anat.)
||(a) The third stomach of ruminants. See Manyplies. (b) The lyra of
||the brain.

Psal"ter*y (?), n.; pl. Psalteries (#). [OE. sautrie, OF. psalterie, F.
psaltÈrion, L. psalterium psaltery, psalter, from Gr. &?;, fr. &?;. See
Psalm, Psalter.] A stringed instrument of music used by the Hebrews,
the form of which is not known.

    Praise the Lord with harp; sing unto him with the psaltery and an
    instrument of ten strings.


Ps. xxxiii. 2.

Psam"mite (?), n. [Gr. &?; sandy, from &?; sand: cf. F. psammite.]
(Min.) A species of micaceous sandstone. -- Psam*mit"ic (#), a.

Psar"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; speckled + -lite.] (Paleon.) A silicified
stem of tree fern, found in abundance in the Triassic sandstone.

Psel"lism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to stammer.] Indistinct
pronunciation; stammering.

Pse"phism (?), n. [Gr. &?; a decree, fr. &?; to vote with a pebble, fr.
&?; pebble.] (Gr. Antiq.) A proposition adopted by a majority of votes;
especially, one adopted by vote of the Athenian people; a statute. J.
P. Mahaffy.

||Pseu`dÊs*the"si*a (?), n. [NL. See Pseudo-, and ∆sthesia.] (Physiol.)
||False or imaginary feeling or sense perception such as occurs in
||hypochondriasis, or such as is referred to an organ that has been
||removed, as an amputated foot.

Pseu*dem"bry*o (?), n. [Pseudo- + embryo.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A false embryo.
(b) An asexual form from which the true embryo is produced by budding.

{ Pseu*dep`i*graph"ic (?), Pseu*dep`i*graph"ic (?), } a. Of or
pertaining to pseudepigraphy.

Pseu`de*pig"ra*phous (?), a. [Gr. &?; falsely inscribed. See Pseudo-,
and Epigraphy.] Inscribed with a false name. Cudworth.

Pseu`de*pig"ra*phy (?), n. The ascription of false names of authors to
works.

Pseud*hÊ"mal (?), a. [Pseudo-  + hÊmal.] (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the
vascular system of annelids.

PseudhÊmal fluid, the circulatory fluid, or blood, of annelids,
analogous to the blood of vertebrates. It is often red, but is
sometimes green or colorless. -- PseudhÊmal vessels, the blood vessels
of annelids.

Pseu"do- (?). [Gr. pseydh`s lying, false, akin to psey`dein to belie;
cf. psydro`s lying, psy`qos a lie.] A combining form or prefix
signifying false, counterfeit, pretended, spurious; as, pseudo-apostle,
a false apostle; pseudo-clergy, false or spurious clergy;
pseudo-episcopacy, pseudo- form, pseudo-martyr, pseudo-philosopher.
Also used adjectively.

Pseu`do*bac*te"ri*a (?), n. pl. [Pseudo- + bacteria.] (Biol.)
Microscopic organic particles, molecular granules, powdered inorganic
substances, etc., which in form, size, and grouping resemble bacteria.

The globules which divide and develop in form of chains are organized
beings; when this does not occur, we are dealing with pseudobacteria.
Sternberg.

<! p. 1157 !>

||Pseu`do*blep"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pseydh`s false + ble`psis
||sight.] (Med.) False or depraved sight; imaginary vision of objects.
||Forsyth.

Pseu"do*branch (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Pseudobranchia.

||Pseu`do*bran"chi*a (?), n.; pl. PseudobranchiÊ (#). [NL. See Pseudo-,
||and Branchia.] (Anat.) A rudimentary branchia, or gill. --
||Pseu`do*bran"chi*al (#), a.

Pseu"do-bulb` (?), n. [Pseudo- + bulb.] (Bot.) An aÎrial corm, or
thickened stem, as of some epiphytic orchidaceous plants.

Pseu"do*carp (?), n. [Pseudo- + Gr. &?; fruit.] (Bot.) That portion of
an anthocarpous fruit which is not derived from the ovary, as the soft
part of a strawberry or of a fig.

Pseu`do-chi"na (?), n. [Pseudo- + china.] (Bot.) The false china root,
a plant of the genus Smilax (S. Pseudo-china), found in America.

Pseu"do*cúle (?), n. Same as Pseudocúlia.

||Pseu`do*cú"li*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pseydh`s false + &?; hollow.]
||(Anat.) The fifth ventricle in the mammalian brain. See Ventricle. B.
||G. Wilder.

Pseu"do-cone` (?), n. [Pseudo- + cone.] (Zoˆl.) One of the soft
gelatinous cones found in the compound eyes of certain insects, taking
the place of the crystalline cones of others.

Pseu`do-cu"mene (?), n. [Pseudo- + cumene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of
the aromatic series, metameric with mesitylene and cumene, found in
coal tar, and obtained as a colorless liquid.

Pseu`do-dip"ter*al (?), a. [Pseudo-  + dipteral: cf. F. pseudodiptËre.]
(Arch.) Falsely or imperfectly dipteral, as a temple with the inner
range of columns surrounding the cella omitted, so that the space
between the cella wall and the columns is very great, being equal to
two intercolumns and one column. -- n. A pseudo-dipteral temple.

Pseu"do*dox (?), a. [Gr. pseydo`doxos; pseydh`s false + do`xa an
opinion.] Not true in opinion or doctrine; false. -- n. A false opinion
or doctrine. "To maintain the atheistical pseudodox which judgeth evil
good, and darkness light." T. Adams.

||Pseu`do*fi*la"ri*a (?), n.; pl. Pseudofilari&?; (#). [NL. See
||Pseudo-, and Filaria.] (Zoˆl.) One of the two elongated vibratile
||young formed by fission of the embryo during the development of
||certain GregarinÊ.

Pseu`do-ga*le"na (?), n. [Pseudo- + galena.] (Min.) False galena, or
blende. See Blende (a).

Pseu"do*graph (?), n. [See Pseudography.] A false writing; a spurious
document; a forgery.

Pseu*dog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; pseydh`s false + &?; to write.] False
writing; forgery.

||Pseu`do*hal"ter (?), n.; pl. Pseudohalteres (#). [NL. See Pseudo-,
||and Halteres.] (Zoˆl.) One of the rudimentary front wings of certain
||insects (Stylops). They resemble the halteres, or rudimentary hind
||wings, of Diptera.

Pseu"do-heart` (?), n. [Pseudo- + heart.] (Zoˆl.) Any contractile
vessel of invertebrates which is not of the nature of a real heart,
especially one of those pertaining to the excretory system.

Pseu`do-hy`per*thoph"ic (?), a. [Pseudo- + hypertrophic.] (Med.)
Falsely hypertrophic; as, pseudo-hypertrophic paralysis, a variety of
paralysis in which the muscles are apparently enlarged, but are really
degenerated and replaced by fat.

Pseu*dol"o*gist (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] One who utters falsehoods; a liar.

Pseu*dol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; pseydh`s false + &?; speech: cf. F.
pseudologie.] Falsehood of speech. Arbuthnot.

Pseu`do-me*tal"lic (?), a. [Pseudo-  + metallic.] Falsely or
imperfectly metallic; -- said of a kind of luster, as in minerals.

Pseu`do-mon`o*cot`y*led"on*ous (?), a. [Pseudo- + monocotyledonous.]
(Bot.) Having two coalescent cotyledons, as the live oak and the horse-
chestnut.

Pseu"do*morph (?), n. [See Pseudomorphous.] 1. An irregular or
deceptive form.

2. (Crystallog.) A pseudomorphous crystal, as a crystal consisting of
quartz, but having the cubic form of fluor spar, the fluor crystal
having been changed to quartz by a process of substitution.

Pseu`do*mor"phism (?), n. (Crystallog.) The state of having, or the
property of taking, a crystalline form unlike that which belongs to the
species.

Pseu`do*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; pseydh`s false + &?; form: cf. F.
pseudomorphe.] Not having the true form.

Pseudomorphous crystal, one which has a form that does not result from
its own powers of crystallization.

||Pseu`do*nav`i*cel"la (?), n.; pl. PseudonavicullÊ (#). [NL.] (Zoˆl.)
||Same as Pseudonavicula.

||Pseu`do*na*vic"u*la (?), n.; pl. PseudonaviculÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
||pseydh`s false + NL. navicula, a genus of diatoms. See Navicular.]
||(Zoˆl.) One of the minute spindle-shaped embryos of GregarinÊ and
||some other Protozoa.

||Pseu`do*neu*rop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pseudo-, and Neuroptera.]
||(Zoˆl.) division of insects (Zoˆl.) reticulated wings, as in the
||Neuroptera, but having an active pupa state. It includes the dragon
||flies, May flies, white ants, etc. By some zoˆlogists they are
||classed with the Orthoptera; by others, with the Neuroptera.

Pseu`do*neu*rop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zool.) Of or pertaining to the
Pseudoneuroptera.

Pseu"do*nym (?), n. [Cf. F. pseudonyme. See Pseudonymous.] A fictitious
name assumed for the time, as by an author; a pen name. [Written also
pseudonyme.]

Pseu`do*nym"i*ty (?), n. The using of fictitious names, as by authors.

Pseu*don"y*mous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; pseydh`s false + &?;, &?;, a name:
cf. F. pseudonyme. See Pseudo-, and Name.] Bearing a false or
fictitious name; as, a pseudonymous work. -- Pseu*don"y*mous*ly, adv.
-- Pseu*don"y*mous*ness, n.

Pseu`do-pe*rip"ter*al (?), a. [Pseudo- + peripteral: cf. F.
pseudopÈriptËre.] (Arch.) Falsely or imperfectly peripteral, as a
temple having the columns at the sides attached to the walls, and an
ambulatory only at the ends or only at one end. -- n. A
pseudo-peripteral temple. Oxf. Gloss.

||Pseu"do*pod (?), n. [Pseudo- + -pod.] 1. (Biol.) Any protoplasmic
||filament or irregular process projecting from any unicellular
||organism, or from any animal or plant call.

2. (Zoˆl.) A rhizopod.

Pseu`do*po"di*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pseudopod, or to
pseudopodia. See Illust. of Heliozoa.

||Pseu`do*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Pseudopodia (&?;). [NL.] Same as
||Pseudopod.

||Pseu`do*pu"pa (?), n.; pl. L. PseudopupÊ (#), E. Pseudopupas (#).
||[NL. See Pseudo-, and Pupa.] (Zoˆl.) A stage intermediate between the
||larva and pupa of bees and certain other hymenopterous insects.

Pseu`do*rhab"dite (?), n. [Pseudo-  + Gr. &?; a rod.] (Zoˆl.) One of
the peculiar rodlike corpuscles found in the integument of certain
Turbellaria. They are filled with a soft granular substance.

Pseu`do-ro*man"tic (?), a. Pseudo-  + romantic.] Falsely romantic.

    The false taste, the pseudo-romantic rage.


De Quincey.

Pseu"do*scope (?), n. [Pseudo- + -scope.] (Opt.) An instrument which
exhibits objects with their proper relief reversed; -- an effect
opposite to that produced by the stereoscope. Wheatstone.

Pseu`do*scop"ic (?), a. (Opt.) Of, pertaining to, or formed by, a
pseudoscope; having its parts appearing with the relief reversed; as, a
pseudoscopic image.

||Pseu`do*scor`pi*o"nes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pseudo-, and Scorpion.]
||(Zoˆl.) An order of Arachnoidea having the palpi terminated by large
||claws, as in the scorpions, but destitute of a caudal sting; the
||false scorpions. Called also Pseudoscorpii, and Pseudoscorpionina.
||See Illust. of Book scorpion, under Book.

Pseu"do*sphere` (?), n. [Pseudo- + sphere.] (Geom.) The surface of
constant negative curvature generated by the revolution of a tractrix.
This surface corresponds in non-Euclidian space to the sphere in
ordinary space. An important property of the surface is that any figure
drawn upon it can be displaced in any way without tearing it or
altering in size any of its elements.

Pseu"do*spore` (?), n. [Pseudo- + spore.] (Bot.)A peculiar reproductive
cell found in some fungi.

||Pseu`do*stel"la (?), n.; pl. -lÊ. [NL., fr. Gr. pseydh`s false + L.
||stella star.] (Astron.) Any starlike meteor or phenomenon. [R.]

||Pseu*dos"to*ma (?), n.; pl. Pseudostomata (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, and
||Stoma.] (Anat.) A group of cells resembling a stoma, but without any
||true aperture among them.

Pseu`do-sym*met"ric (?), a. (Crystallog.) Exhibiting pseudo-symmetry.

Pseu`do-sym"me*try (?), n. [Pseudo-  + symmetry.] (Crystallog.) A kind
of symmetry characteristic of certain crystals which from twinning, or
other causes, come to resemble forms of a system other than that to
which they belong, as the apparently hexagonal prisms of aragonite.

||Pseu`do*te*tram"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pseudo-, and Tetramerous.]
||(Zoˆl.) A division of beetles having the fifth tarsal joint minute
||and obscure, so that there appear to be but four joints. --
||Pseu`do*te*tram"er*al (#), a.

||Pseu`do*tin"e*a (&?;), n.; pl. PseudotineÊ (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, and
||Tinea.] (Zoˆl.) The bee moth, or wax moth (Galleria).

Pseu`do*tur"bi*nal (?), a. [Pseudo-  + turbinal.] (Anat.) See under
Turbinal.

Pseu*do"va*ry (?), n.; pl. Pseudovaries (#). [Pseudo- + ovary.] (Zoˆl.)
The organ in which pseudova are produced; -- called also pseudovarium.

||Pseu*do"vum (?), n.; pl. Pseudova (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, and Ovum.]
||(Zoˆl.) An egglike germ produced by the agamic females of some
||insects and other animals, and by the larvÊ of certain insects. It is
||capable of development without fertilization. See Illust. of
||PÊdogenesis.

Pshaw (?), interj. [Of imitative origin.] Pish! pooch! -- an
exclamation used as an expression of contempt, disdain, dislike, etc.
[Written also psha.]

Pshaw (?), v. i. To express disgust or contemptuous disapprobation, as
by the exclamation " Pshaw!"

    The goodman used regularly to frown and pshaw wherever this topic
    was touched upon.


Sir W. Scott.

Psi`lan*throp"ic (?), a. [see Psilanthropist.] Pertaining to, or
embodying, psilanthropy. "A psilanthropic explanation." Coleridge.

Psi*lan"thro*pism (?), n. Psilanthropy.

Psi*lan"thro*pist (?), n. [Gr. &?; bare, mere + &?; a man.] One who
believes that Christ was a mere man. Smart.

Psi*lan"thro*py (?), n. The doctrine of the merely human existence of
Christ.

Psi*lol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr &?; mere + - logy.] Love of empty of empty
talk or noise. Coleridge.

Psi*lom"e*lane (?), n. [Gr. &?; bare + &?;, &?;, black.] (Min.) A
hydrous oxide of manganese, occurring in smooth, botryoidal forms, and
massive, and having an iron-black or steel-gray color.

||Psi`lo*pÊ"des (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr.&?; bare + &?;, &?;,
||offspring.] (Zoˆl.) birds whose young at first have down on the
||pterylÊ only; - - called also GymnopÊdes.

Psi`lo*pÊd"ic (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having down upon the pterylÊ only; --
said of the young of certain birds.

Psi*los"o*pher, n. [Gr. &?; bare, mere + &?; wise.] A superficial or
narrow pretender to philosophy; a sham philosopher.

{ Psit*ta"ceous (?), Psit"ta*cid (?), } a. [L. psittacus a parrot, Gr.
&?;: cf. F. psittacide.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the parrots, or
the Psittaci. -- n. One of the Psittaci.

||Psit"ta*ci (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) The order of birds which
||comprises the parrots.

Psit`ta-co-ful"*vine (?), n. [Gr. &?; a parrot + L. fulvus yellow.] A
yellow pigment found in the feathers of certain parrots.

Pso"as (?), n. [Gr. &?; a muscle of the loin: cf. f. psoas.] (Anat.) An
internal muscle arising from the lumbar vertebrÊ and inserted into the
femur. In man there are usually two on each side, and the larger one,
or great psoas, forms a part of the iliopsoas.

||Pso"ra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Med.) A cutaneous disease;
||especially, the itch.

||Pso*ri"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; psora.] (Med.) (a)
||The state of being affected with psora. [Obs.] (b) A cutaneous
||disease, characterized by imbricated silvery scales, affecting only
||the superficial layers of the skin.

Pso"ric (?), a. [L. psoricus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. psorique.] (Med.) Of or
pertaining to psora.

Pso"ro*sperm (?), n. [Gr. &?; itching + &?; seed.] (Zoˆl.) A minute
parasite, usually the young of GregarinÊ, in the pseudonavicula stage.

Psy`cha*gog"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Psychagogue.] Attractive;
persuasive. J. Morley.

Psy"cha*gogue (?), n. [Gr.&?;; &?; the soul + &?; to lead.] A
necromancer. [R.]

Psy"chal (?), a. [See Psychical.] Of or pertaining to the soul;
psychical. Bayne.

Psy"che (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. PSychh` Psyche, fr. psychh` the soul.] 1.
(Class Myth.) A lovely maiden, daughter of a king and mistress of Eros,
or Cupid. She is regarded as the personification of the soul.

2. The soul; the vital principle; the mind.

3. [F. psychÈ.] A cheval glass.

Psy"chi*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any small moth of the genus Psyche and
allied genera (family PsychidÊ). The larvÊ are called basket worms. See
Basket worm, under Basket.

{ ||Psy*chi`a*tri"a (?), Psy*chi"a*try (?), } n. [NL. psychiatria, fr.
Gr. &?; the mind + &?; healing.] (Med.) The application of the healing
art to mental diseases. Dunglison.

Psy`chi*at"ric (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to psychiatria.

{ Psy"chic (?), Psy"chic*al (?), } a. [L. psychicus, Gr. &?;, fr.
psychh` the soul, mind; cf. &?; to blow: cf. F. psychique.] 1. Of or
pertaining to the human soul, or to the living principle in man.

This term was formerly used to express the same idea as psychological.
Recent metaphysicians, however, have employed it to mark the difference
between psychh` the living principle in man, and pney^ma the rational
or spiritual part of his nature. In this use, the word describes the
human soul in its relation to sense, appetite, and the outer visible
world, as distinguished from spiritual or rational faculties, which
have to do with the supersensible world. Heyse.

2. Of or pertaining to the mind, or its functions and diseases; mental;
-- contrasted with physical.

Psychical blindness, Psychical deafness (Med.), forms of nervous
disease in which, while the senses of sight and hearing remain
unimpaired, the mind fails to appreciate the significance of the sounds
heard or the images seen. -- Psychical contagion, the transference of
disease, especially of a functional nervous disease, by mere force of
example. -- Psychical medicine, that department of medicine which
treats of mental diseases.

Psy"chics (?), n. Psychology.

Psy"chism (?), n. [Cf. F. psychisme.] (Philos.) The doctrine of Quesne,
that there is a fluid universally diffused, end equally animating all
living beings, the difference in their actions being due to the
difference of the individual organizations. Fleming.

<! p. 1158 !>

Psy"cho- (?). A combining form from Gr. psychh` the soul, the mind, the
understanding; as, psychology.

Psy`cho*gen"e*sis (?), n. Genesis through an internal force, as opposed
to natural selection.

Psy*chog"ra*phy (?), n. [Psycho- + -graphy.] 1. A description of the
phenomena of mind.

2. (Spiritualism) Spirit writing.

{ Psy`cho*log"ic (?), Psy`cho*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F.
psychologique.] Of or pertaining to psychology. See Note under Psychic.
-- Psy`cho*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Psy*chol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. psychologiste.] One who is versed in,
devoted to, psychology.

Psy"cho*logue (?), n. A psychologist.

Psy*chol"o*gy (?), n. pl. Psychologies (&?;). [Psycho- + -logy: cf. F.
psychologie. See Psychical.] The science of the human soul;
specifically, the systematic or scientific knowledge of the powers and
functions of the human soul, so far as they are known by consciousness;
a treatise on the human soul.

    Psychology, the science conversant about the phenomena of the mind,
    or conscious subject, or self.


Sir W. Hamilton.

Psy*chom"a*chy (?), n. [L. psychomachia, fr. Gr. psychh` the soul + &?;
fight: cf. &?; desperate fighting.] A conflict of the soul with the
body.

Psy"cho*man`cy (?), n. [Psycho- + -mancy: cf. F. psychomancie.]
Necromancy.

Psy*chom"e*try (?), n. [Psycho- + -metry.] (Physiol.) The art of
measuring the duration of mental processes, or of determining the time
relations of mental phenomena. -- Psy`cho*met"ric (#), a.

Psy`cho-mo"tor (?), a. [Psycho- + motor.] Of or pertaining to movement
produced by action of the mind or will.

Psy"cho*pan"ny*chism (?), n. [Psycho-  + Gr. &?; to spend all night
long; &?;, &?;, all + &?; night.] (Theol.) The doctrine that the soul
falls asleep at death, and does not wake until the resurrection of the
body. -- Psy`cho*pan"ny*chism (#), n.

Psy*chop"a*thy (?), n. [Psycho- + Gr. &?;, &?;.] (Med.) Mental disease.
See Psychosis, 2. -- Psy`cho*path"ic, a. -- Psy*chop"a*thist, n.

Psy`cho*phys"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to psychophysics; involving
the action or mutual relations of the psychical and physical in man.

Psychophysical time (Physiol.), the time required for the mind to
transform a sensory impression into a motor impulse. It is an important
part of physiological or reaction time. See under Reaction.

Psy`cho*phys"ics (?), n. [Psycho- + physics.] The science of the
connection between nerve action and consciousness; the science which
treats of the relations of the psychical and physical in their conjoint
operation in man; the doctrine of the relation of function or
dependence between body and soul.

Psy"cho*pomp (?), n. [Gr. &?;; psychh` the soul + &?; to send: cf. F.
psychopompe.] (Myth.) A leader or guide of souls . J. Fiske.

Psy*cho"sis (?), n. [NL. See Psycho- .]

1. Any vital action or activity. Mivart.

2. (Med.) A disease of the mind; especially, a functional mental
disorder, that is, one unattended with evident organic changes.

Psy`cho*zo"ic (?), a. [Psycho- + Gr. &?; life.] (Geol.)Designating, or
applied to the Era of man; as, the psychozoic era.

Psy*chrom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. psychro`s cold + -meter: cf. F.
psychromËtre.] An instrument for measuring the tension of the aqueous
vapor in the atmosphere, being essentially a wet and dry bulb
hygrometer.

Psy`chro*met"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the psychrometer or
psychrometry.

Psy*chrom"e*try (?), n. Hygrometry.

||Psyl"la (?), n.; pl. PsyllÊ (#). [NL., from Gr. &?; a flea.] (Zoˆl.)
||Any leaping plant louse of the genus Psylla, or family PsyllidÊ.

Ptar"mi*gan (?), n. [Gael. tarmachan; cf. Ir. tarmochan, tarmonach.]
(Zoˆl.) Any grouse of the genus Lagopus, of which numerous species are
known. The feet are completely feathered. Most of the species are brown
in summer, but turn white, or nearly white, in winter.

They chiefly inhabit the northern countries and high mountains of
Europe, Asia, and America. The common European species is Lagopus
mutus. The Scotch grouse, red grouse, or moor fowl (L. Scoticus), is
reddish brown, and does not turn white in winter. The white, or willow,
ptarmigan (L. albus) is found in both Europe and America.

||Pte`no*glos"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr.&?; feathered + &?; tongue.]
||(Zoˆl.) A division of gastropod mollusks having the teeth of the
||radula arranged in long transverse rows, somewhat like the barbs of a
||feather.

Pte`no*glos"sate (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Ptenoglossa.

Pte*ran"o*don (?), n. [Gr. &?; wing + &?; priv. + &?;, &?;, a tooth.]
(Paleon.) A genus of American Cretaceous pterodactyls destitute of
teeth. Several species are known, some of which had an expanse of wings
of twenty feet or more.

||Pte*ran`o*don"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) A group of
||pterodactyls destitute of teeth, as in the genus Pteranodon.

||Pte*rich"thys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; wing + &?; fish.] (Paleon.) A
||genus of Devonian fossil fishes with winglike appendages. The head
||and most of the body were covered with large bony plates. See
||Placodermi.

Pter`i*dol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in pteridology.

Pter`i*dol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a fern + -logy.] That department
of botany which treats of ferns.

Pter`i*do*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a fern + E. mania.] A madness,
craze, or strong fancy, for ferns. [R.] C. Kingsley.

||Pter`i*doph"y*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?;, &?;, a fern + &?; a
||plant.] (Bot.) A class of flowerless plants, embracing ferns,
||horsetails, club mosses, quillworts, and other like plants. See the
||Note under Cryptogamia. -- Pter"i*do*phyte` (#), n.

This is a modern term, devised to replace the older ones acrogens and
vascular Cryptogamia.

||Pter`o*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a wing + &?; &?;.]
||(Zoˆl.) An order of marine Bryozoa, having a bilobed lophophore and
||an axial cord. The genus Rhabdopleura is the type. Called also
||Podostomata. See Rhabdopleura.

||Pte*roc"e*ras (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a wing + &?; a horn.] (Zoˆl.)
||A genus of large marine gastropods having the outer border of the lip
||divided into lobes; -- called also scorpion shell.

||Pter`o*cle"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr Pterocles, the typical genus, fr.
||Gr. &?; feather + &?;, &?;, a key, tongue of a clasp.] (Zoˆl.) A
||division of birds including the sand grouse. They are in some
||respects intermediate between the pigeons and true grouse. Called
||also PteroclomorphÊ.

Pter`o*dac"tyl (?), n. [Gr. &?; a wing + &?; finger, toe: cf. F.
ptÈrodactyle.] (Paleon.) An extinct flying reptile; one of the
Pterosauria. See Illustration in Appendix.

||Pter`o*dac"ty*li (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) Same as Pterosauria.

Pter`o*glos"sal (?), a. [Gr. &?; a feather + &?; tongue.] (Zoˆl.)
Having the tongue finely notched along the sides, so as to have a
featherlike appearance, as the toucans.

Pte"ron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a wing.] (Anat.) The region of the
skull, in the temporal fossa back of the orbit, where the great wing of
the sphenoid, the temporal, the parietal, and the frontal hones
approach each other.

||Pter`o*pap"pi (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; a feather, a bird + &?;
||a grandfather.] (Zool.) Same as OdontotormÊ.

Pter"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. &?; a feather + &?; to bear.] (Zoˆl.) Any
moth of the genus Pterophorus and allied genera; a plume moth. See
Plume moth, under Plume.

Pter"o*pod (?), n. [Gr. &?; wing-footed; &?; a feather, wing + &?;,
&?;, foot: cf. F. ptÈropode.] (Zoˆl.) One of the Pteropoda.

||Pte*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A class of Mollusca in which
||the anterior lobes of the foot are developed in the form of broad,
||thin, winglike organs, with which they swim at near the surface of
||the sea.

The Pteropoda are divided into two orders: Cymnosomata, which have the
body entirely naked and the head distinct from the wings; and
Thecosomata, which have a delicate transparent shell of various forms,
and the head not distinct from the wings.

Pte*rop"o*dous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Pteropoda.

Pter"o*saur (?), n. [Gr. &?; wind + &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.) A
pterodactyl.

||Pter`o*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of
||flying reptiles of the Mesozoic age; the pterodactyls; -- called also
||Pterodactyli, and Ornithosauria.

The wings were formed, like those of bats, by a leathery expansion of
the skin, principally supported by the greatly enlarged outer or "
little" fingers of the hands. The American Cretaceous pterodactyls had
no teeth. See Pteranodontia, and Pterodactyl.

Pter`o*sau"ri*an (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the Pterosauria.

||Pter`o*stig"ma (?), n.; pl. Pterostigmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; wing
||+ &?;, &?;, a mark.] (Zoˆl.) A thickened opaque spot on the wings of
||certain insects.

Pte*ro"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; wing + &?;, &?;, ear.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to, or designating, a bone between the proˆtic and epiotic
in the dorsal and outer part of the periotic capsule of many fishes. --
n. The pterotic bone.

The pterotic bone is so called because fancied in some cases to
resemble in form a bird's wing

||Pte*ryg"i*um (?), n.; pl. E. Pterygiums (#), L. Pterygia (#). [NL.,
||fr. Gr. &?;, properly a dim, akin to &?; a feather.] (Med.) A
||superficial growth of vascular tissue radiating in a fanlike manner
||from the cornea over the surface of the eye.

Pter"y*goid (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a wing + -oid.] (Anat.) (a) Like a
bird's wing in form; as, a pterygoid bone. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in
the region of, the pterygoid bones, pterygoid processes, or the whole
sphenoid bone. -- n. A pterygoid bone.

Pterygoid bone (Anat.), a bone which corresponds to the inner plate of
the pterygoid process of the human skull, but which, in all vertebrates
below mammals, is not connected with the posterior nares, but serves to
connect the palatine bones with the point of suspension of the lower
jaw. -- Pterygoid process (Anat.), a process projecting downward from
either side of the sphenoid bone, in man divided into two plates, an
inner and an outer. The posterior nares pass through the space, called
the pterygoid fossa, between the processes.

Pter`y*go*max"il*la*ry (?), a. [Pterygoid + maxillary.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the inner pterygoid plate, or pterygoid bone, and the
lower jaw.

Pter`y*go*pal"a*tine (?), a. [Pterygoid + palatine.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the pterygoid processes and the palatine bones.

||Pter`y*go*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Pterygopodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;,
||&?;, a fin + &?;, dim. of &?;, &?;, a foot.] (Anat.) A specially
||modified part of the ventral fin in male elasmobranchs, which serves
||as a copulatory organ, or clasper.

Pter`y*go*quad"rate (?), a. [Pterygoid + quadrate.] (Anat.) Of,
pertaining to, or representing the pterygoid and quadrate bones or
cartilages.

||Pte*ry"la (?), n.; pl. PterylÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; feather + &?;
||wood, forest.] (Zoˆl.) One of the definite areas of the skin of a
||bird on which feathers grow; -- contrasted with apteria.

Pter`y*log"ra*phy (?), n. [Pteryla + -graphy.] (Zoˆl.) The study or
description of the arrangement of feathers, or of the pterylÊ, of
birds.

||Pter`y*lo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. NL. & E. pteryla.] (Zoˆl.) The
||arrangement of feathers in definite areas.

Ptil"o*cerque (?), n. [Gr. &?; a feather + &?; tail.] (Zool.) The
pentail.

||Ptil`o*pÊ"des (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a feather + &?;, &?;,
||offspring.] (Zoˆl.) Same as DasypÊdes.

Ptil`o*pÊd"ic (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having nearly the whole surface of the
skin covered with down; dasypÊdic; -- said of the young of certain
birds.

||Pti*lop"te*ri (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a downy feather + &?;
||wing.] (Zoˆl.) An order of birds including only the penguins.

||Pti*lo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr &?; a feather.] (Zoˆl.) Same as
||Pterylosis.

Ptis"an (?), n. [L. ptisana peeled barley, barley water, Gr. &?;, from
&?; to peel, husk; cf. F. ptisane, tisane.] 1. A decoction of barley
with other ingredients; a farinaceous drink.

2. (Med.) An aqueous medicine, containing little, if any, medicinal
agent; a tea or tisane.

Ptol`e*ma"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Ptolemy, the geographer and
astronomer.

Ptolemaic system (Astron.), the system maintained by Ptolemy, who
supposed the earth to be fixed in the center of the universe, with the
sun and stars revolving around it. This theory was received for ages,
until superseded by the Copernican system.

Ptol"e*ma`ist (?), n. One who accepts the astronomical system of
Ptolemy.

Pto"ma*ine (?), n. [From Gr. &?; a dead body.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of
a class of animal bases or alkaloids formed in the putrefaction of
various kinds of albuminous matter, and closely related to the
vegetable alkaloids; a cadaveric poison. The ptomaines, as a class,
have their origin in dead matter, by which they are to be distinguished
from the leucomaines.

||Pto"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a falling.] (Med.) Drooping of the
||upper eyelid, produced by paralysis of its levator muscle.

<! p. 1159 !>

Pty"a*lin (?), n. [Gr. &?; spittle. See Ptyalism.] (Physiol. Chem.) An
unorganized amylolytic ferment, on enzyme, present in human mixed
saliva and in the saliva of some animals.

Pty"a*lism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to spit much, fr. &?; spittle, fr.
&?; to spit: cf. F. ptyalisme.] Salivation, or an excessive flow of
saliva. Quain.

Pty*al"o*gogue (?), n. [Gr. &?; spittle + &?; driving.] (Med.) A
ptysmagogue.

Ptys"ma*gogue (?), n. [Gr. &?; spittle + &?; driving: cf. F.
ptysmagogue.] (Med.) A medicine that promotes the discharge of saliva.

||Ptyx"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a folding.] (Bot.) The way in which
||a leaf is sometimes folded in the bud.

Pub"ble (?), a. [Perhaps fr. bubble.] Puffed out, pursy; pudgy; fat.
[Obs.] Drant.

Pu"ber*al (?), a. [From L. puber, pubes, grown up, adult.] Of or
pertaining to puberty.

Pu"ber*ty (?), n. [L. pubertas, fr. puber, pubes, adult: cf. F.
pubertÈ.] 1. The earliest age at which persons are capable of begetting
or bearing children, usually considered, in temperate climates, to be
about fourteen years in males and twelve in females.

2. (Bot.) The period when a plant first bears flowers.

Pu*ber"u*lent (?), a. [See Pubis.] (Bot.) Very minutely downy.

Pu"bes (?), n. [L., the hair which appears on the body at puberty, from
pubes adult.] 1. (Anat.) (a) The hair which appears upon the lower part
of the hypogastric region at the age of puberty. (b) Hence (as more
commonly used), the lower part of the hypogastric region; the pubic
region.

2. (Bot.) The down of plants; a downy or villous substance which grows
on plants; pubescence.

Pu*bes"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. pubescence.] 1. The quality or state of
being pubescent, or of having arrived at puberty. Sir T. Browne.

2. A covering of soft short hairs, or down, as one some plants and
insects; also, the state of being so covered.

Pu*bes"cen*cy (?), n. Pubescence.

Pu*bes"cent (?), a. [L. pubescens, -entis, p. pr. of pubescere to reach
puberty, to grow hairy or mossy, fr. pubes pubes: cf. F. pubescent.] 1.
Arrived at puberty.

    That . . . the men (are) pubescent at the age of twice seven, is
    accounted a punctual truth.


Sir T. Browne.

2. Covered with pubescence, or fine short hairs, as certain insects,
and the leaves of some plants.

Pu"bic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pubes; in the region of
the pubes; as, the pubic bone; the pubic region, or the lower part of
the hypogastric region. See Pubes. (b) Of or pertaining to the pubis.

||Pu"bis (?), n. [NL. See Pubes.] (Anat.) The ventral and anterior of
||the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis;
||sharebone; pubic bone.

Pub"lic (?), a. [L. publicus, poblicus, fr. populus people: cf. F.
public. See People.] 1. Of or pertaining to the people; belonging to
the people; relating to, or affecting, a nation, state, or community;
-- opposed to private; as, the public treasury.

    To the public good Private respects must yield.


Milton.

    He [Alexander Hamilton] touched the dead corpse of the public
    credit, and it sprung upon its feet.


D. Webster.

2. Open to the knowledge or view of all; general; common; notorious;
as, public report; public scandal.

    Joseph, . . . not willing to make her a public example, was minded
    to put her away privily.


Matt. i. 19.

3. Open to common or general use; as, a public road; a public house.
"The public street." Shak.

Public act or statute (Law), an act or statute affecting matters of
public concern. Of such statutes the courts take judicial notice. --
Public credit. See under Credit. -- Public funds. See Fund, 3. --
Public house, an inn, or house of entertainment. -- Public law. (a) See
International law, under International. (b) A public act or statute. --
Public nuisance. (Law) See under Nuisance. -- Public orator. (Eng.
Universities) See Orator, 3. -- Public stores, military and naval
stores, equipments, etc. -- Public works, all fixed works built by
civil engineers for public use, as railways, docks, canals, etc.; but
strictly, military and civil engineering works constructed at the
public cost.

Pub"lic, n. 1. The general body of mankind, or of a nation, state, or
community; the people, indefinitely; as, the American public; also, a
particular body or aggregation of people; as, an author's public.

    The public is more disposed to censure than to praise.


Addison.

2. A public house; an inn. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

In public, openly; before an audience or the people at large; not in
private or secrecy. "We are to speak in public." Shak.

Pub"li*can (?), n. [L. publicanus: cf. F. publicain. See Public.] 1.
(Rom. Antiq.) A farmer of the taxes and public revenues; hence, a
collector of toll or tribute. The inferior officers of this class were
often oppressive in their exactions, and were regarded with great
detestation.

    As Jesus at meat . . . many publicans and sinners came and sat down
    with him and his disciples.


Matt. 1x. 10.

    How like a fawning publican he looks!


Shak.

2. The keeper of an inn or public house; one licensed to retail beer,
spirits, or wine.

Pub`li*ca"tion (?), n. [L. publicatio confiscation: cf. F. publication.
See Publish.] 1. The act of publishing or making known; notification to
the people at large, either by words, writing, or printing;
proclamation; divulgation; promulgation; as, the publication of the law
at Mount Sinai; the publication of the gospel; the publication of
statutes or edicts.

2. The act of offering a book, pamphlet, engraving, etc., to the public
by sale or by gratuitous distribution.

    The publication of these papers was not owing to our folly, but
    that of others.


Swift.

3. That which is published or made known; especially, any book,
pamphlet, etc., offered for sale or to public notice; as, a daily or
monthly publication.

4. An act done in public. [R. & Obs.]

    His jealousy . . . attends the business, the recreations, the
    publications, and retirements of every man.


Jer. Taylor.

Publication of a libel (Law), such an exhibition of a libel as brings
it to the notice of at least one person other than the person libeled.
-- Publication of a will (Law), the delivery of a will, as his own, by
a testator to witnesses who attest it.

Pub"lic-heart`ed (?), a. Public- spirited. [R.]

Pub"li*cist (?), n. [Cf. F. publiciste.] A writer on the laws of nature
and nations; one who is versed in the science of public right, the
principles of government, etc.

    The Whig leaders, however, were much more desirous to get rid of
    Episcopacy than to prove themselves consummate publicists and
    logicians.


Macaulay.

Pub*lic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. publicitÈ.] The quality or state of being
public, or open to the knowledge of a community; notoriety; publicness.

Pub"lic*ly (?), adv. 1. With exposure to popular view or notice;
without concealment; openly; as, property publicly offered for sale; an
opinion publicly avowed; a declaration publicly made.

2. In the name of the community. Addison.

Pub"lic-mind`ed (?), a. Public- spirited. -- Pub"lic-mind`ed*ness, n.

Pub"lic*ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being public, or open to
the view or notice of people at large; publicity; notoriety; as, the
publicness of a sale.

2. The quality or state of belonging to the community; as, the
publicness of property. Boyle.

Pub"lic-spir`it*ed (?), a. 1. Having, or exercising, a disposition to
advance the interest of the community or public; as, public- spirited
men.

2. Dictated by a regard to public good; as, a public-spirited project
or measure. Addison.

-- Pub"lic-spir`it*ed*ly, adv. -- Pub"lic-spir`it*ed*ness, n.

Pub"lish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Published (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Publishing.] [F. publier, L. publicare, publicatum. See Public, and
-ish.] 1. To make public; to make known to mankind, or to people in
general; to divulge, as a private transaction; to promulgate or
proclaim, as a law or an edict.

    Published was the bounty of her name.


Chaucer.

    The unwearied sun, from day to day, Does his Creator's power
    display, And publishes to every land The work of an almighty hand.


Addison.

2. To make known by posting, or by reading in a church; as, to publish
banns of marriage.

3. To send forth, as a book, newspaper, musical piece, or other printed
work, either for sale or for general distribution; to print, and issue
from the press.

4. To utter, or put into circulation; as, to publish counterfeit paper.
[U.S.]

To publish a will (Law), to acknowledge it before the witnesses as the
testator's last will and testament.

Syn. -- To announce; proclaim; advertise; declare; promulgate;
disclose; divulge; reveal. See Announce.

Pub"lish*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being published; suitable for
publication.

Pub"lish*er (?), n. One who publishes; as, a publisher of a book or
magazine.

    For love of you, not hate unto my friend, Hath made me publisher of
    this pretense.


Shak.

Pub"lish*ment (?), n. 1. The act or process of making publicly known;
publication.

2. A public notice of intended marriage, required by the laws of some
States. [U.S.]

Puc*coon" (?), n. [From the American Indian name.] (Bot.) Any one of
several plants yielding a red pigment which is used by the North
American Indians, as the bloodroot and two species of Lithospermum (L.
hirtum, and L. canescens); also, the pigment itself.

Puce (?), a. [F., fr. puce a flea, L. pulex, pulicis.] Of a dark brown
or brownish purple color.

Pu"cel (?), n. See Pucelle. [Obs.]

Pu"cel*age (?; 48), n. [F.] Virginity. [R.]

||Pu*celle" (?), n. [F., fr. LL. pulicella, fr. L. pullus a young
||animal. See Pullet.] A maid; a virgin. [Written also pucel.] [Obs.]

    Lady or pucelle, that wears mask or fan.


B. Jonson.

La Pucelle, the Maid of Orleans, Joan of Arc.

Pu"ce*ron (?), n. [F., from puce a flea. See Puce.] (Zoˆl.) Any plant
louse, or aphis.

Pu"cher*ite (?), n. [So named from the Pucher Mine, in Saxony.] (Min.)
Vanadate of bismuth, occurring in minute reddish brown crystals.

Puck (?), n. [OE. pouke; cf. OSw. puke, Icel. pki an evil demon, W.
pwca a hobgoblin. Cf. Poker a bugbear, Pug.] 1. (MediÊval Myth.) A
celebrated fairy, "the merry wanderer of the night;" -- called also
Robin Goodfellow, Friar Rush, Pug, etc. Shak.

    He meeteth Puck, whom most men call Hobgoblin, and on him doth
    fall.


Drayton.

2. (Zoˆl.) The goatsucker. [Prov. Eng.]

Puck"ball` (?), n. [Puck + ball.] A puffball.

Puck"er (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Puckered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Puckering.] [From Poke a pocket, small bag.] To gather into small folds
or wrinkles; to contract into ridges and furrows; to corrugate; --
often with up; as, to pucker up the mouth. "His skin [was] puckered up
in wrinkles." Spectator.

Puck"er, n. 1. A fold; a wrinkle; a collection of folds.

2. A state of perplexity or anxiety; confusion; bother; agitation.
[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]

Puck"er*er, n. One who, or that which, puckers.

Puck"er*y (?), a. 1. Producing, or tending to produce, a pucker; as, a
puckery taste. Lowell.

2. Inclined to become puckered or wrinkled; full of puckers or
wrinkles.

Puck"fist` (?), n. A puffball.

Puck"ish, a. [From Puck.] Resembling Puck; merry; mischievous. "Puckish
freaks." J. R. Green.

Pu"cras (?), n. [From a native name in India.] (Zoˆl.) See Koklass.

Pud (?), n. Same as Pood.

Pud (?), n. The hand; the first. [Colloq.] Lamb.

Pud"den*ing (?), n. [Probably fr. pudden, for pudding, in allusion to
its softness.] (Naut.) (a) A quantity of rope-yarn, or the like,
placed, as a fender, on the bow of a boat. (b) A bunch of soft material
to prevent chafing between spars, or the like.

Pud"der (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puddered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Puddering.] [Cf. Pother.] To make a tumult or bustle; to splash; to
make a pother or fuss; to potter; to meddle.

    Puddering in the designs or doings of others.


Barrow.

    Others pudder into their food with their broad nebs.


Holland.

Pud"der, v. t. To perplex; to embarrass; to confuse; to bother; as, to
pudder a man. Locke.

Pud"der, n. A pother; a tumult; a confused noise; turmoil; bustle. "All
in a pudder." Milton.

Pud"ding (?), n. [Cf. F. boudin black pudding, sausage, L. botulus,
botellus, a sausage, G. & Sw. pudding pudding, Dan. podding, pudding,
LG. puddig thick, stumpy, W. poten, potten, also E. pod, pout, v.] 1. A
species of food of a soft or moderately hard consistence, variously
made, but often a compound of flour or meal, with milk and eggs, etc.

    And solid pudding against empty praise.


Pope.

2. Anything resembling, or of the softness and consistency of, pudding.

3. An intestine; especially, an intestine stuffed with meat, etc.; a
sausage. Shak.

4. Any food or victuals.

    Eat your pudding, slave, and hold your tongue.


Prior.

5. (Naut.) Same as Puddening.

Pudding grass (Bot.), the true pennyroyal (Mentha Pulegium), formerly
used to flavor stuffing for roast meat. Dr. Prior. -- Pudding pie, a
pudding with meat baked in it. Taylor (1630). -- Pudding pipe (Bot.),
the long, cylindrical pod of the leguminous tree Cassia Fistula. The
seeds are separately imbedded in a sweetish pulp. See Cassia. --
Pudding sleeve, a full sleeve like that of the English clerical gown.
Swift. -- Pudding stone. (Min.) See Conglomerate, n., 2. -- Pudding
time. (a) The time of dinner, pudding being formerly the dish first
eaten. [Obs.] Johnson. (b) The nick of time; critical time. [Obs.]

    Mars, that still protects the stout, In pudding time came to his
    aid.


Hudibras.

Pud"ding-head`ed (?), a. Stupid. [Colloq.]

Pud"dle (?), n. [OE. podel; cf. LG. pudel, Ir. & Gael. plod pool.] 1. A
small quantity of dirty standing water; a muddy plash; a small pool.
Spenser.

2. Clay, or a mixture of clay and sand, kneaded or worked, when wet, to
render it impervious to water.

Puddle poet, a low or worthless poet. [R.] Fuller.

Pud"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Puddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puddling
(?).] 1. To make foul or muddy; to pollute with dirt; to mix dirt with
(water).

    Some unhatched practice . . . Hath puddled his clear spirit.


Shak.

2. (a) To make dense or close, as clay or loam, by working when wet, so
as to render impervious to water. (b) To make impervious to liquids by
means of puddle; to apply puddle to.

3. To subject to the process of puddling, as iron, so as to convert it
from the condition of cast iron to that of wrought iron. Ure.

Puddled steel, steel made directly from cast iron by a modification of
the puddling process.

Pud"dle, v. i. To make a dirty stir. [Obs.] R. Junius.

Pud"dle-ball` (?), n. The lump of pasty wrought iron as taken from the
puddling furnace to be hammered or rolled.

Pud"dle-bar" (?), n. An iron bar made at a single heat from a
puddle-ball hammering and rolling.

Pud"dler (?), n. One who converts cast iron into wrought iron by the
process of puddling.

Pud"dling (?), n. 1. (Hydraul. Engin.) (a) The process of working clay,
loam, pulverized ore, etc., with water, to render it compact, or
impervious to liquids; also, the process of rendering anything
impervious to liquids by means of puddled material. (b) Puddle. See
Puddle, n., 2.

2. (Metal.) The art or process of converting cast iron into wrought
iron or steel by subjecting it to intense heat and frequent stirring in
a reverberatory furnace in the presence of oxidizing substances, by
which it is freed from a portion of its carbon and other impurities.

Puddling furnace, a reverberatory furnace in which cast iron is
converted into wrought iron or into steel by puddling.

Pud"dly (?), a. Consisting of, or resembling, puddles; muddy; foul.
"Thick puddly water." Carew.

Pud"dock (?), n. [For paddock, or parrock, a park.] A small inclosure.
[Written also purrock.] [Prov. Eng.]

Pu"den*cy (?), n. [L. pudens, p. pr. of pudere to be ashamed.] Modesty;
shamefacedness. "A pudency so rosy." Shak.

||Pu*den"da (?), n. pl. [L., from pudendus that of which one ought to
||be ashamed, fr. pudere to be ashamed.] (Anat.) The external organs of
||generation.

Pu*den"dal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pudenda, or
pudendum.

||Pu*den"dum (?), n. [NL. See Pudenda.] (Anat.) The external organs of
||generation, especially of the female; the vulva.

<! p. 1160 !>

Pudg"y (?), a. Short and fat or sturdy; dumpy; podgy; as, a short,
pudgy little man; a pudgy little hand. Thackeray.

Pu"dic (?), a. [L. pudicus modest, fr. pudere to be ashamed: cf. F.
pudique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the external organs of
generation.

Pu"dic*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pudic.

Pu*dic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pudicitÈ, L. pudicitia.] Modesty; chastity.
Howell.

Pu"du (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A very small deer (Pudua humilis), native of the
Chilian Andes. It has simple spikelike antlers, only two or three
inches long.

Pue (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puing.] To make
a low whistling sound; to chirp, as birds. Halliwell.

Pueb"lo (?), n. [Sp., a village, L. populus people. See People.] A
communistic building erected by certain Indian tribes of Arizona and
New Mexico. It is often of large size and several stories high, and is
usually built either of stone or adobe. The term is also applied to any
Indian village in the same region.

Pueblo Indians (Ethnol.), any tribe or community of Indians living in
pueblos. The principal Pueblo tribes are the Moqui, the ZuÒi, the
Keran, and the Tewan.

Pue"fel`low (?), n. A pewfellow. [Obs.]

Pu"er (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] The dung of dogs, used as an
alkaline steep in tanning. Simmonds.

||Pu*er"co (?), n. [Sp.] A hog.

Puerco beds (Geol.), a name given to certain strata belonging to the
earliest Eocene. They are developed in Northwestern New Mexico, along
the Rio Puerco, and are characterized by their mammalian remains.

Pu"er*ile (?), a. [L. puerilis, fr. puer a child, a boy: cf. F.
puÈril.] Boyish; childish; trifling; silly.

    The French have been notorious through generations for their
    puerile affectation of Roman forms, models, and historic
    precedents.


De Quincey.

Syn. -- Youthful; boyish; juvenile; childish; trifling; weak. See
Youthful.

Pu"er*ile*ly, adv. In a puerile manner; childishly.

Pu"er*ile*ness, n. The quality of being puerile; puerility.

Pu`er*il"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Puerilities (#). [L. puerilitas: cf. F.
puÈrilitÈ.] 1. The quality of being puerile; childishness; puerileness.
Sir T. Browne.

2. That which is puerile or childish; especially, an expression which
is flat, insipid, or silly.

Pu*er"per*al (?), a. [L. puerpera a lying-in woman; puer child + parere
to bear: cf. F. puerpÈral.] Of or pertaining to childbirth; as, a
puerperal fever.

Pu*er"per*ous (?), a. Bearing children. [R.]

Pu"et (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The pewit.

Puff (pf), n. [Akin to G. & Sw. puff a blow, Dan. puf, D. pof; of
imitative origin. Cf. Buffet.] 1. A sudden and single emission of
breath from the mouth; hence, any sudden or short blast of wind; a
slight gust; a whiff. " To every puff of wind a slave." Flatman.

2. Anything light and filled with air. Specifically: (a) A puffball.
(b) a kind of light pastry. (c) A utensil of the toilet for dusting the
skin or hair with powder.

3. An exaggerated or empty expression of praise, especially one in a
public journal.

Puff adder. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any South African viper belonging to Clotho and
allied genera. They are exceedingly venomous, and have the power of
greatly distending their bodies when irritated. The common puff adder
(Vipera, or Clotho arietans) is the largest species, becoming over four
feet long. The plumed puff adder (C. cornuta) has a plumelike appendage
over each eye. (b) A North American harmless snake (Heterodon
platyrrhinos) which has the power of puffing up its body. Called also
hog-nose snake, flathead, spreading adder, and blowing adder. -- Puff
bird (Zoˆl.), any bird of the genus Bucco, or family BucconidÊ. They
are small birds, usually with dull- colored and loose plumage, and have
twelve tail feathers. See Barbet (b).

Puff, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puffed (pft); p. pr. & vb. n. Puffing.] [Akin
to G. puffen to pop, buffet, puff, D. poffen to pop, puffen to blow,
Sw. puffa to push, to cuff, Dan. puffe to pop, thump. See Puff, n.] 1.
To blow in puffs, or with short and sudden whiffs.

2. To blow, as an expression of scorn; -- with at.

    It is really to defy Heaven to puff at damnation.


South.

3. To breathe quick and hard, or with puffs, as after violent exertion.

    The ass comes back again, puffing and blowing, from the chase.


L' Estrange.

4. To swell with air; to be dilated or inflated. Boyle.

5. To breathe in a swelling, inflated, or pompous manner; hence, to
assume importance.

    Then came brave Glory puffing by.


Herbert.

Puff, v. t. 1. To drive with a puff, or with puffs.

    The clearing north will puff the clouds away.


Dryden.

2. To repel with words; to blow at contemptuously.

    I puff the prostitute away.


Dryden.

3. To cause to swell or dilate; to inflate; to ruffle with puffs; --
often with up; as, a bladder puffed with air.

    The sea puffed up with winds.


Shak.

4. To inflate with pride, flattery, self- esteem, or the like; -- often
with up.

    Puffed up with military success.


Jowett (Thucyd. )

5. To praise with exaggeration; to flatter; to call public attention to
by praises; to praise unduly. " Puffed with wonderful skill." Macaulay.

Puff, a. Puffed up; vain. [R.] Fanshawe.

Puff"ball` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of ball-shaped fungus (Lycoperdon
giganteum, and other species of the same genus) full of dustlike spores
when ripe; -- called also bullfist, bullfice, puckfist, puff, and
puffin.

Puff"er (?), n. 1. One who puffs; one who praises with noisy or
extravagant commendation.

2. One who is employed by the owner or seller of goods sold at suction
to bid up the price; a by-bidder. Bouvier.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any plectognath fish which inflates its body, as the
species of Tetrodon and Diodon; -- called also blower, puff-fish,
swellfish, and globefish. (b) The common, or harbor, porpoise.

4. (Dyeing) A kier.

Puff"er*y (?), n. The act of puffing; bestowment of extravagant
commendation.

Puf"fin (pf"fn), n. [Akin to puff.] 1. (Zoˆl.) An arctic sea bird
Fratercula arctica) allied to the auks, and having a short, thick,
swollen beak, whence the name; -- called also bottle nose, cockandy,
coulterneb, marrot, mormon, pope, and sea parrot.

The name is also applied to other related species, as the horned puffin
(F. corniculata), the tufted puffin (Lunda cirrhata), and the
razorbill.

Manx puffin, the Manx shearwater. See under Manx.

2. (Bot.) The puffball.

3. A sort of apple. [Obs.] Rider's Dict. (1640).

Puff"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being puffy.

Puff"ing, a. & n. from Puff, v. i. & t.

Puffing adder. (Zoˆl.) Same as Puff adder (b), under Puff. -- Puffing
pig (Zoˆl.), the common porpoise.

Puff"ing*ly, adv. In a puffing manner; with vehement breathing or
shortness of breath; with exaggerated praise.

Puff"-leg` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of beautiful
humming birds of the genus Eriocnemis having large tufts of downy
feathers on the legs.

Puff"-legged` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having a conspicuous tuft of feathers on
the legs.

Puff"y (?), a. 1. Swelled with air, or any soft matter; tumid with a
soft substance; bloated; fleshy; as, a puffy tumor. " A very stout,
puffy man." Thackeray.

2. Hence, inflated; bombastic; as, a puffy style.

Pug (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pugging.] [Cf.
G. pucken to thump. beat.]

1. To mix and stir when wet, as clay for bricks, pottery, etc.

2. To fill or stop with clay by tamping; to fill in or spread with
mortar, as a floor or partition, for the purpose of deadening sound.
See Pugging, 2.

Pug, n. 1. Tempered clay; clay moistened and worked so as to be
plastic.

2. A pug mill.

Pug mill, a kind of mill for grinding and mixing clay, either for
brickmaking or the fine arts; a clay mill. It consists essentially of
an upright shaft armed with projecting knives, which is caused to
revolve in a hollow cylinder, tub, or vat, in which the clay is placed.

Pug, n. [Corrupted fr. puck. See Puck.] 1. An elf, or a hobgoblin; also
same as Puck. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

2. A name for a monkey. [Colloq.] Addison.

3. A name for a fox. [Prov. Eng.] C. Kingsley.

4. An intimate; a crony; a dear one. [Obs.] Lyly.

5. pl. Chaff; the refuse of grain. [Obs.] Holland.

6. A prostitute. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

7. (Zoˆl.) One of a small breed of pet dogs having a short nose and
head; a pug dog.

8. (Zoˆl.) Any geometrid moth of the genus Eupithecia.

Pug"-faced` (?), a. Having a face like a monkey or a pug; monkey-faced.

Pug"ger (?), v. t. To pucker. [Obs.]

Pug"gered (?), a. Puckered. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Pug"ging (?), n. [See Pug, v. t.] 1. The act or process of working and
tempering clay to make it plastic and of uniform consistency, as for
bricks, for pottery, etc.

2. (Arch.) Mortar or the like, laid between the joists under the boards
of a floor, or within a partition, to deaden sound; -- in the United
States usually called deafening.

Pug"ging, a. Thieving. [Obs.] Shak.

Pugh (?), interj. Pshaw! pish! -- a word used in contempt or disdain.

Pu"gil (?), n. [L. pugillus, pugillum, a handful, akin to pugnus the
fist.] As much as is taken up between the thumb and two first fingers.
[Obs.] Bacon.

Pu"gil*ism (?), n. [L. pugil a pugilist, boxer, akin to pugnus the
fist. Cf. Pugnacious, Fist.] The practice of boxing, or fighting with
the fist.

Pu"gil*ist, n. [L. pugil.] One who fights with his fists; esp., a
professional prize fighter; a boxer.

Pu`gil*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to pugillism.

Pug*na"cious (?), a. [L. pugnax, -acis, fr. pugnare to fight. Cf.
Pugilism, Fist.] Disposed to fight; inclined to fighting; quarrelsome;
fighting. --Pug*na"cious*ly, adv. -- Pug*na"cious*ness, n.

Pug*nac"i*ty (?), n. [L. pugnacitas: cf. F. pugnacitÈ.] Inclination or
readiness to fight; quarrelsomeness. " A national pugnacity of
character." Motley.

Pug" nose` (?). A short, thick nose; a snubnose. -- Pug"-nosed` (#), a.

Pug-nose eel (Zoˆl.), a deep- water marine eel (Simenchelys
parasiticus) which sometimes burrows into the flesh of the halibut.

Puh (?), interj. The same as Pugh.

Puis"ne (p"n), a. [See Puny.] 1. Later in age, time, etc.; subsequent.
[Obs.] " A puisne date to eternity." Sir M. Hale.

2. Puny; petty; unskilled. [Obs.]

3. (Law) Younger or inferior in rank; junior; associate; as, a chief
justice and three puisne justices of the Court of Common Pleas; the
puisne barons of the Court of Exchequer. Blackstone.

Puis"ne, n. One who is younger, or of inferior rank; a junior; esp., a
judge of inferior rank.

    It were not a work for puisnes and novices.


Bp. Hall.

Puis"ny (?), a. Puisne; younger; inferior; petty; unskilled. [R.]

    A puisny tilter, that spurs his horse but on one side.


Shak.

Pu"is*sance, n. [F., fr. puissant. See Puissant, and cf. Potency,
Potance, Potence.] Power; strength; might; force; potency. " Youths of
puissance." Tennyson.

    The power and puissance of the king.


Shak.

In Spenser, Shakespeare, and Milton, puissance and puissant are usually
dissyllables.

Pu"is*sant (?), a. [F., originally, a p. pr. formed fr. L. posse to be
able: cf. L. potens powerful. See Potent.] Powerful; strong; mighty;
forcible; as, a puissant prince or empire. " Puissant deeds." Milton.

    Of puissant nations which the world possessed.


Spenser.

    And worldlings in it are less merciful, And more puissant.


Mrs. Browning.

Pu"is*sant*ly, adv. In a puissant manner; powerfully; with great
strength.

Pu"is*sant*ness, n. The state or quality of being puissant; puissance;
power.

||Puit (?), n. [F. puits, from L. puteus well.] A well; a small stream;
||a fountain; a spring. [Obs.]

    The puits flowing from the fountain of life.


Jer. Taylor.

Puke (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puking.] [Cf.
G. spucken to spit, and E. spew.] To eject the contests of the stomach;
to vomit; to spew.

    The infant Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms.


Shak.

Puke, v. t. To eject from the stomach; to vomit up.

Puke, n. A medicine that causes vomiting; an emetic; a vomit.

Puke, a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Of a color supposed to be between black
and russet. Shak.

This color has by some been regarded as the same with puce; but Nares
questions the identity.

Puk"er (?), n. 1. One who pukes, vomits.

2. That which causes vomiting. Garth .

Pu"las (?), n. [Skr. palÁa.] (Bot.) The East Indian leguminous tree
Butea frondosa. See Gum Butea, under Gum. [Written also pales and
palasa.]

Pul"chri*tude (?), n. [L. pulchritudo, fr. pulcher beautiful.] 1. That
quality of appearance which pleases the eye; beauty; comeliness; grace;
loveliness.

    Piercing our heartes with thy pulchritude.


Court of Love.

2. Attractive moral excellence; moral beauty.

    By the pulchritude of their souls make up what is wanting in the
    beauty of their bodies.


Ray.

Pule (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puling.] [F.
piauler; cf. L. pipilare, pipire, to peep, pip, chirp, and E. peep to
chirp.] 1. To cry like a chicken. Bacon.

2. To whimper; to whine, as a complaining child.

    It becometh not such a gallant to whine and pule.


Barrow.

Pul"er (?), n. One who pules; one who whines or complains; a weak
person.

||Pu"lex (?), n. [L., a flea.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of parasitic insects
||including the fleas. See Flea.

Pu"li*cene (?), a. [From L. pulex, pulicis, a flea.] Pertaining to, or
abounding in, fleas; pulicose.

{ Pu"li*cose` (?), Pu"li*cous (?), } a. [L. pulicosus, from pulex, a
flea.] Abounding with fleas.

Pul"ing (?), n. A cry, as of a chicken,; a whining or whimpering.

    Leave this faint puling and lament as I do.


Shak.

Pul"ing, a. Whimpering; whining; childish.

Pul"ing*ly, adv. With whining or complaint.

||Pulk"ha (?), n. A Laplander's traveling sledge. See Sledge.

Pull (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pulling.]
[AS. pullian; cf. LG. pulen, and Gael. peall, piol, spiol.] 1. To draw,
or attempt to draw, toward one; to draw forcibly.

    Ne'er pull your hat upon your brows.


Shak.

    He put forth his hand . . . and pulled her in.


Gen. viii. 9.

2. To draw apart; to tear; to rend.

    He hath turned aside my ways, and pulled me in pieces; he hath made
    me desolate.


Lam. iii. 11.

3. To gather with the hand, or by drawing toward one; to pluck; as, to
pull fruit; to pull flax; to pull a finch.

4. To move or operate by the motion of drawing towards one; as, to pull
a bell; to pull an oar.

5. (Horse Racing) To hold back, and so prevent from winning; as, the
favorite was pulled.

6. (Print.) To take or make, as a proof or impression; -- hand presses
being worked by pulling a lever.

7. (Cricket) To strike the ball in a particular manner. See Pull, n.,
8.

    Never pull a straight fast ball to leg.


R. H. Lyttelton.

To pull and haul, to draw hither and thither. " Both are equally pulled
and hauled to do that which they are unable to do. " South. -- To pull
down, to demolish; to destroy; to degrade; as, to pull down a house. "
In political affairs, as well as mechanical, it is easier to pull down
than build up." Howell. " To raise the wretched, and pull down the
proud." Roscommon. -- To pull a finch. See under Finch. -- To pull off,
take or draw off.

<! p. 1161 !>

Pull (?), v. i. To exert one's self in an act or motion of drawing or
hauling; to tug; as, to pull at a rope.

To pull apart, to become separated by pulling; as, a rope will pull
apart. -- To pull up, to draw the reins; to stop; to halt. -- To pull
through, to come successfully to the end of a difficult undertaking, a
dangerous sickness, or the like.

Pull, n. 1. The act of pulling or drawing with force; an effort to move
something by drawing toward one.

    I awakened with a violent pull upon the ring which was fastened at
    the top of my box.


Swift.

2. A contest; a struggle; as, a wrestling pull. Carew.

3. A pluck; loss or violence suffered. [Poetic]

    Two pulls at once; His lady banished, and a limb lopped off.


Shak.

4. A knob, handle, or lever, etc., by which anything is pulled; as, a
drawer pull; a bell pull.

5. The act of rowing; as, a pull on the river. [Colloq.]

6. The act of drinking; as, to take a pull at the beer, or the mug.
[Slang] Dickens.

7. Something in one's favor in a comparison or a contest; an advantage;
means of influencing; as, in weights the favorite had the pull. [Slang]

8. (Cricket) A kind of stroke by which a leg ball is sent to the off
side, or an off ball to the side.

    The pull is not a legitimate stroke, but bad cricket.


R. A. Proctor.

Pul"lail (?), n. [F. poulaille.] Poultry. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

Pull"back` (?), n. 1. That which holds back, or causes to recede; a
drawback; a hindrance.

2. (Arch) The iron hook fixed to a casement to pull it shut, or to hold
it party open at a fixed point.

Pulled (?), a. Plucked; pilled; moulting. " A pulled hen." Chaucer.

Pul"len (?), n. [Cf. L. pullinus belonging to young animals. See
Pullet.] Poultry. [Obs.]

Pull"er (?), n. One who, or that which, pulls.

    Proud setter up and puller down of kings.


Shak.

Pul"let (?), n. [OE. polete, OF. polete, F. poulette, dim. of poule a
hen, fr. L. pullus a young animal, a young fowl. See Foal, and cf.
Poult, Poultry, Pool stake.] A young hen, or female of the domestic
fowl.

Pullet sperm, the treadle of an egg. [Obs.] Shak.

Pul"ley (?), n.; pl. Pulleys (#). [F. poulie, perhaps of Teutonic
origin (cf. Poll, v. t.); but cf. OE. poleine, polive, pulley, LL.
polanus, and F. poulain, properly, a colt, fr. L. pullus young animal,
foal (cf. Pullet, Foal). For the change of sense, cf. F. poutre beam,
originally, a filly, and E. easel.] (Mach.) A wheel with a broad rim,
or grooved rim, for transmitting power from, or imparting power to, the
different parts of machinery, or for changing the direction of motion,
by means of a belt, cord, rope, or chain.

The pulley, as one of the mechanical powers, consists, in its simplest
form, of a grooved wheel, called a sheave, turning within a movable
frame or block, by means of a cord or rope attached at one end to a
fixed point. The force, acting on the free end of the rope, is thus
doubled, but can move the load through only half the space traversed by
itself. The rope may also pass over a sheave in another block that is
fixed. The end of the rope may be fastened to the movable block,
instead of a fixed point, with an additional gain of power, and using
either one or two sheaves in the fixed block. Other sheaves may be
added, and the power multiplied accordingly. Such an apparatus is
called by workmen a block and tackle, or a fall and tackle. See Block.
A single fixed pulley gives no increase of power, but serves simply for
changing the direction of motion.

Band pulley, or Belt pulley, a pulley with a broad face for
transmitting power between revolving shafts by means of a belt, or for
guiding a belt. -- Cone pulley. See Cone pulley. -- Conical pulley, one
of a pair of belt pulleys, each in the shape of a truncated cone, for
varying velocities. -- Fast pulley, a pulley firmly attached upon a
shaft. -- Loose pulley, a pulley loose on a shaft, to interrupt the
transmission of motion in machinery. See Fast and loose pulleys, under
Fast. -- Parting pulley, a belt pulley made in semicircular halves,
which can be bolted together, to facilitate application to, or removal
from, a shaft. -- Pulley block. Same as Block, n. 6. -- Pulley stile
(Arch.), the upright of the window frame into which a pulley is fixed
and along which the sash slides. -- Split pulley, a parting pulley.

Pul"ley, v. t. To raise or lift by means of a pulley. [R.] Howell.

Pul"li*cate (?), n. A kind of checked cotton or silk handkerchief.

Pull"man car` (?). [Named after Mr. Pullman, who introduced them.] A
kind of sleeping car; also, a palace car; -- often shortened to
Pullman.

Pul"lu*late (?), v. i. [L. pullulatus, p. p. of pullulare to sprout,
from pullulus a young animal, a sprout, dim. of pullus. See pullet.] To
germinate; to bud; to multiply abundantly. Warburton.

Pul`lu*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pullulation.] A germinating, or budding.
Dr. H. More.

||Pul"lus (?), n.; pl. Pulli (#). [L.] (Zoˆl.) A chick; a young bird in
||the downy stage.

||Pul`mo*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.], Pul`mo*bran"chi*ate. (&?;),
||a. & n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Pulmonibranchiata, - ate.

Pul`mo*cu*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. pulmo a lung + E. cutaneous.] (Anat.)
Of or pertaining to the lungs and the akin; as, the pulmocutaneous
arteries of the frog.

||Pul`mo*gas`te*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. & E. Gasteropoda.] (Zoˆl.)
||Same as Pulmonata.

Pul"mo*grade (?), a. [L. pulmo a lung + gradi to walk.] (Zoˆl.)
Swimming by the expansion and contraction, or lunglike movement, of the
body, or of the disk, as do the medusÊ.

Pul*mom"e*ter (?), n. [L. pulmo a lung + -meter.] (Physiol.) A
spirometer.

Pul"mo*na"ri*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any arachnid that breathes by lunglike
organs, as the spiders and scorpions. Also used adjectively.

Pul"mo*na*ry (?), a. [L. pulmonarius, from pulmo, -onis, a lung; of
uncertain origin, perh. named from its lightness, and akin to E. float:
cf. F. pulmonaire. Cf. Pneumonia.] Of or pertaining to the lungs;
affecting the lungs; pulmonic.

Pulmonary artery. See the Note under Artery.

Pul"mo*na*ry, n. [Cf. F. pulmonaire. See Pulmonary, a. ] (Bot.)
Lungwort. Ainsworth.

||Pul`mo*na"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from L. pulmo, -onis, a lung.] (Zoˆl.)
||An extensive division, or sub-class, of hermaphrodite gastropods, in
||which the mantle cavity is modified into an air-breathing organ, as
||in Helix, or land snails, Limax, or garden slugs, and many pond
||snails, as LimnÊa and Planorbis.

Pul"mo*nate (?), a. (Zoˆl.) (a) Having breathing organs that act as
lungs. (b) Pertaining to the Pulmonata. -- n. One of the Pulmonata.

Pul"mo*na`ted (?), a. same as Pulmonate (a).

||Pul`mo*ni*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pulmo, -onis, a lung
||+ Gr. &?; a gill.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Pulmonata.

Pul`mo*ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a. & n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Pulmonate.

Pul*mon"ic (?), a. [L. pulmo, -onis, a lung: cf. F. pulmonique.]
Relating to, or affecting the lungs; pulmonary. -- n. A pulmonic
medicine.

||Pul`mo*nif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pulmoniferous.] (Zoˆl.) Same as
||Pulmonata.

Pul`mo*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pulmo, -onis, a lung + -ferous.] (Zoˆl.)
Having lungs; pulmonate.

Pulp (?), n. [L. pulpa flesh, pith, pulp of fruit: cf. F. pulpe.] A
moist, slightly cohering mass, consisting of soft, undissolved animal
or vegetable matter. Specifically: (a) (Anat.) A tissue or part
resembling pulp; especially, the soft, highly vascular and sensitive
tissue which fills the central cavity, called the pulp cavity, of
teeth. (b) (Bot.) The soft, succulent part of fruit; as, the pulp of a
grape. (c) The exterior part of a coffee berry. B. Edwards. (d) The
material of which paper is made when ground up and suspended in water.

Pulp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pulped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pulping.] 1. To
reduce to pulp.

2. To deprive of the pulp, or integument.

    The other mode is to pulp the coffee immediately as it comes from
    the tree. By a simple machine a man will pulp a bushel in a minute.


B. Edwards.

Pul`pa*toon" (?), n. [F. poulpeton, poupeton, a sort of ragout.] A kind
of delicate confectionery or cake, perhaps made from the pulp of fruit.
[Obs.] Nares.

Pulp"i*ness (?), n. the quality or state of being pulpy.

Pul"pit (?), n. [L. pulpitum: cf. OF. pulpite, F. pulpitre.]

1. An elevated place, or inclosed stage, in a church, in which the
clergyman stands while preaching.

    I stand like a clerk in my pulpit.


Chaucer.

2. The whole body of the clergy; preachers as a class; also, preaching.

    I say the pulpit (in the sober use Of its legitimate, peculiar
    powers) Must stand acknowledged, while the world shall stand, The
    most important and effectual guard, Support, and ornament of
    virtue's cause.


Cowper.

3. A desk, or platform, for an orator or public speaker.

Pul"pit, a. Of or pertaining to the pulpit, or preaching; as, a pulpit
orator; pulpit eloquence.

Pul"pit*ed (?), a. Placed in a pulpit. [R.]

    Sit . . . at the feet of a pulpited divine.


Milton.

Pul*pit*eer" (?), n. One who speaks in a pulpit; a preacher; -- so
called in contempt. Howell.

    We never can think it sinful that Burns should have been humorous
    on such a pulpiteer.


Prof. Wilson.

Pul"pit*er (?), n. A preacher. [Obs.]

Pul*pit"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pulpit; suited to the
pulpit. [R.] -- Pul*pit"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.] Chesterfield.

Pul"pit*ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pulpit; like preaching.
Chalmers.

Pul"pit*ry (?), n. The teaching of the pulpit; preaching. [R. & Obs.] "
Mere pulpitry." Milton.

Pulp"ous (?), a. [L. pulposus: cf. F. pulpeux. See Pulp.] Containing
pulp; pulpy. " Pulpous fruit." J. Philips. -- Pulp"ous*ness, n.

Pulp"y (?), n. Like pulp; consisting of pulp; soft; fleshy; succulent;
as, the pulpy covering of a nut; the pulpy substance of a peach or a
cherry.

||Pul"que (?), n. [Sp.] An intoxicating Mexican drink. See Agave.

Pul"sate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pulsated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pulsating.] [L. pulsatus, p. p. of pulsare to beat, strike, v. intens.
fr. pellere to beat, strike, drive. See Pulse a beating, and cf. Pulse,
v.] To throb, as a pulse; to beat, as the heart.

    The heart of a viper or frog will continue to pulsate long after it
    is taken from the body.


E. Darwin.

Pul"sa*tile (?), a. [Cf. It. pulsatile, Sp. pulsatil.] 1. Capable of
being struck or beaten; played by beating or by percussion; as, a
tambourine is a pulsatile musical instrument.

2. Pulsating; throbbing, as a tumor.

||Pul`sa*til"la (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of ranunculaceous herbs
||including the pasque flower. This genus is now merged in Anemone.
||Some species, as Anemone Pulsatilla, Anemone pratensis, and Anemone
||patens, are used medicinally.

Pul*sa"tion (?), n. [L. pulsatio a beating or striking: cf. F.
pulsation.] 1. (Physiol.) A beating or throbbing, especially of the
heart or of an artery, or in an inflamed part; a beat of the pulse.

2. A single beat or throb of a series.

3. A stroke or impulse by which some medium is affected, as in the
propagation of sounds.

4. (Law) Any touching of another's body willfully or in anger. This
constitutes battery.

    By the Cornelian law, pulsation as well as verberation is
    prohibited.


Blackstone.

Pul"sa*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pulsatif.] Beating; throbbing.

Pul*sa"tor (?), n. [L.] 1. A beater; a striker.

2. (Mech.) That which beats or throbs in working.

Pul"sa*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. pulsatoire.] Capable of pulsating;
throbbing. Sir H. Wotton. .

Pulse (?), n. [OE. puls, L. puls, pultis, a thick pap or pottage made
of meal, pulse, etc. See Poultice, and cf. Pousse.] Leguminous plants,
or their seeds, as beans, pease, etc.

    If all the world Should, in a pet of temperance, feed on pulse.


Milton.

Pulse, n. [OE. pous, OF. pous, F. pouls, fr. L. pulsus (sc. venarum),
the beating of the pulse, the pulse, from pellere, pulsum, to beat,
strike; cf. Gr. &?; to swing, shake, &?; to shake. Cf. Appeal, Compel,
Impel, Push.] 1. (Physiol.) The beating or throbbing of the heart or
blood vessels, especially of the arteries.

In an artery the pulse is due to the expansion and contraction of the
elastic walls of the artery by the action of the heart upon the column
of blood in the arterial system. On the commencement of the diastole of
the ventricle, the semilunar valves are closed, and the aorta recoils
by its elasticity so as to force part of its contents into the vessels
farther onwards. These, in turn, as they already contain a certain
quantity of blood, expand, recover by an elastic recoil, and transmit
the movement with diminished intensity. Thus a series of movements,
gradually diminishing in intensity, pass along the arterial system (see
the Note under Heart). For the sake of convenience, the radial artery
at the wrist is generally chosen to detect the precise character of the
pulse. The pulse rate varies with age, position, sex, stature, physical
and psychical influences, etc.

2. Any measured or regular beat; any short, quick motion, regularly
repeated, as of a medium in the transmission of light, sound, etc.;
oscillation; vibration; pulsation; impulse; beat; movement.

    The measured pulse of racing oars.


Tennyson.

    When the ear receives any simple sound, it is struck by a single
    pulse of the air, which makes the eardrum and the other membranous
    parts vibrate according to the nature and species of the stroke.


Burke.

Pulse glass, an instrument consisting to a glass tube with terminal
bulbs, and containing ether or alcohol, which the heat of the hand
causes to boil; -- so called from the pulsating motion of the liquid
when thus warmed. -- Pulse wave (Physiol.), the wave of increased
pressure started by the ventricular systole, radiating from the
semilunar valves over the arterial system, and gradually disappearing
in the smaller branches.

    the pulse wave travels over the arterial system at the rate of
    about 29.5 feet in a second.


H. N. Martin.

-- To feel one's pulse. (a) To ascertain, by the sense of feeling, the
condition of the arterial pulse. (b) Hence, to sound one's opinion; to
try to discover one's mind.

Pulse, v. i. To beat, as the arteries; to move in pulses or beats; to
pulsate; to throb. Ray.

Pulse, v. t. [See Pulsate, Pulse a beating.] To drive by a pulsation;
to cause to pulsate. [R.]

Pulse"less, a. Having no pulsation; lifeless.

Pulse"less*ness, n. The state of being pulseless.

Pul*sif"ic (?), a. [Pulse + L. facere to make.] Exciting the pulse;
causing pulsation.

Pul*sim"e*ter (?), n. [Pulse + -meter.] (Physiol.) A sphygmograph.

Pul"sion (?), n. [L. pulsio, fr. pellere, pulsum, to drive: cf. F.
pulsion.] The act of driving forward; propulsion; -- opposed to suction
or traction. [R.]

<! p. 1162 !>

Pul"sive (?), a. Tending to compel; compulsory. [R.] "The pulsive
strain of conscience." Marston.

Pul*som"e*ter (?), n. [Pulse + -meter.]

1. A device, with valves, for raising water by steam, partly by
atmospheric pressure, and partly by the direct action of the steam on
the water, without the intervention of a piston; -- also called vacuum
pump.

2. A pulsimeter.

Pult (?), v. t. To put. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Pul*ta"ceous (?), a. [Cf. F. pultacÈ. See 1st Pulse.] Macerated;
softened; nearly fluid.

{ Pul"tesse (?), Pul"tise (?), } n. Poultry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

||Pu"lu (?), n. A vegetable substance consisting of soft, elastic,
||yellowish brown chaff, gathered in the Hawaiian Islands from the
||young fronds of free ferns of the genus Cibotium, chiefly C.
||Menziesii; -- used for stuffing mattresses, cushions, etc., and as an
||absorbent.

Pul"ver*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being reduced to fine powder. Boyle.

Pul`ver*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Having a finely powdered surface;
pulverulent.

Pul"ver*ate (?), v. t. [L. pulveratus, p. p. of pulverare to pulverize.
See Pulverize.] To beat or reduce to powder or dust; to pulverize. [R.]

Pul"ver*ine (?), n. [L. pulvis, pulveris, dust, powder; cf. F.
pulvÈrin.] Ashes of barilla. Ure.

Pul"ver*i`za*ble (?), a. Admitting of being pulverized; pulverable.
Barton.

Pul`ver*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pulvÈrisation.] The action of
reducing to dust or powder.

Pul"ver*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pulverized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pulverizing (?).] [F. pulvÈriser, L. pulverizare, fr. pulvis dust,
powder. See Powder.] To reduce of fine powder or dust, as by beating,
grinding, or the like; as, friable substances may be pulverized by
grinding or beating, but to pulverize malleable bodies other methods
must be pursued.

Pul"ver*ize, v. i. To become reduced to powder; to fall to dust; as,
the stone pulverizes easily.

Pul"ver*i`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, pulverizes.

Pul"ver*ous (?), a. [Cf. L. pulvereus, from pulvis, pulveris, dust,
powder.] Consisting of dust or powder; like powder.

Pul*ver"u*lence (?), n. The state of being pulverulent; abundance of
dust or powder; dustiness.

Pul*ver"u*lent (?), a. [L. pulverulentus, fr. pulvis, pulveris, dust,
powder: cf. F. pulvÈrulent.] Consisting of, or reducible to, fine
powder; covered with dust or powder; powdery; dusty.

Pul"vil (?), n. [It. polviglio, fr. L. pulvis, pulveris, dust, powder:
cf. Sp. polvillo.] A sweet-scented powder; pulvillio. [Written also
pulville.] [Obs.] Gay.

Pul"vil, v. t. To apply pulvil to. [Obs.] Congreve.

{ Pul*vil"li*o (?), Pul*vil"lo (?), } n. [See Pulvil.] A kind of
perfume in the form of a powder, formerly much used, -- often in little
bags.

    Smells of incense, ambergris, and pulvillios.


Addison.

||Pul*vil"lus (?), n.; pl. Pulvilli (#). [L., a little cushion.]
||(Zoˆl.) One of the minute cushions on the feet of certain insects.

||Pul*vi"nar (?), n. [L., a cushion.] (Anat.) A prominence on the
||posterior part of the thalamus of the human brain.

{ Pul"vi*nate (?), Pul"vi*na`ted (?), } a. [L. pulvinatus, fr. pulvinus
a cushion, an elevation.] 1. (Arch.) Curved convexly or swelled; as, a
pulvinated frieze. Brande & C.

2. (Zoˆl.) Having the form of a cushion.

Pul*vin"ic (?), a. [From Vulpinic, by transposition of the letters.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the
decomposition of vulpinic acid, as a white crystalline substance.

||Pul*vin"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Pulvinuli (#). [L., a little mound.]
||(Zoˆl.) Same as Pulvillus.

Pu"ma (p"m), n. [Peruv. puma.] (Zoˆl.) A large American carnivore
(Felis concolor), found from Canada to Patagonia, especially among the
mountains. Its color is tawny, or brownish yellow, without spots or
stripes. Called also catamount, cougar, American lion, mountain lion,
and panther or painter.

Pume (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A stint.

Pu"mi*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pumicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pumicating.] [L. pumicatus, p. p. of pumicare to pumicate, fr. pumex.
See Pumice.] To make smooth with pumice. [R.]

Pum"ice (?), n. [L. pumex, pumicis, prob. akin to spuma foam: cf. AS.
pumic- stn. Cf. Pounce a powder, Spume.] (Min.) A very light porous
volcanic scoria, usually of a gray color, the pores of which are
capillary and parallel, giving it a fibrous structure. It is supposed
to be produced by the disengagement of watery vapor without liquid or
plastic lava. It is much used, esp. in the form of powder, for
smoothing and polishing. Called also pumice stone.

Pum"iced (?), a. (Far.) Affected with a kind of chronic laminitis in
which there is a growth of soft spongy horn between the coffin bone and
the hoof wall. The disease is called pumiced foot, or pumice foot.

Pu*mi`ceous (?), a. [L. pumiceus.] Of or pertaining to pumice;
resembling pumice.

Pum"ice stone` (?). Same as Pumice.

Pu*mic"i*form (?), a. [Pumice + -form.] Resembling, or having the
structure of, pumice.

Pum"mace (?), n. Same as Pomace.

Pum"mel (?), n. & v. t. Same as Pommel.

Pump (pmp), n. [Probably so called as being worn for pomp or ornament.
See Pomp.] A low shoe with a thin sole. Swift.

Pump, n. [Akin to D. pomp, G. pumpe, F. pompe; of unknown origin.] An
hydraulic machine, variously constructed, for raising or transferring
fluids, consisting essentially of a moving piece or piston working in a
hollow cylinder or other cavity, with valves properly placed for
admitting or retaining the fluid as it is drawn or driven through them
by the action of the piston.

for various kinds of pumps, see Air pump, Chain pump, and Force pump;
also, under Lifting, Plunger, Rotary, etc.

Circulating pump (Steam Engine), a pump for driving the condensing
water through the casing, or tubes, of a surface condenser. -- Pump
brake. See Pump handle, below. -- Pump dale. See Dale. -- Pump gear,
the apparatus belonging to a pump. Totten. -- Pump handle, the lever,
worked by hand, by which motion is given to the bucket of a pump. --
Pump hood, a semicylindrical appendage covering the upper wheel of a
chain pump. -- Pump rod, the rod to which the bucket of a pump is
fastened, and which is attached to the brake or handle; the piston rod.
-- Pump room, a place or room at a mineral spring where the waters are
drawn and drunk. [Eng.] -- Pump spear. Same as Pump rod, above. -- Pump
stock, the stationary part, body, or barrel of a pump. -- Pump well.
(Naut.) See Well.

Pump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pumped (pmt; 215); p. pr. & vb. n. pumping.]
1. To raise with a pump, as water or other liquid.

2. To draw water, or the like, from; to from water by means of a pump;
as, they pumped the well dry; to pump a ship.

3. Figuratively, to draw out or obtain, as secrets or money, by
persistent questioning or plying; to question or ply persistently in
order to elicit something, as information, money, etc.

    But pump not me for politics.


Otway.

Pump, v. i. To work, or raise water, a pump.

Pump"age (?), n. That which is raised by pumps, or the work done by
pumps.

    The pumpage last year amounted to . . . gallons.


Sci. Amer.

Pump"er (?), n. One who pumps; the instrument or machine used in
pumping. Boyle.

Pump"er*nick`el (?), n. [G.] A sort of bread, made of unbolted rye,
which forms the chief food of the Westphalian peasants. It is acid but
nourishing.

Pum"pet (?), n. A pompet.

Pumpet ball (Print.), a ball for inking types; a pompet.

Pump"ing, a. & n. from pump.

Pumping engine, a steam engine and pump combined for raising water. See
Steam engine.

Pump"ion (?), n. (Bot.) See Pumpkin.

Pump"kin (?), n. [For older pompion, pompon, OF. pompon, L. pepo,
peponis, Gr. &?;, properly, cooked by the sun, ripe, mellow; -- so
called because not eaten till ripe. Cf. Cook, n.] (Bot.) A well-known
trailing plant (Cucurbita pepo) and its fruit, -- used for cooking and
for feeding stock; a pompion.

Pumpkin seed. (a) The flattish oval seed of the pumpkin. (b) (Zoˆl.)
The common pondfish.

Pu"my (?), a. [Cf. Prov. E. pummer big, large, and E. pomey pommel.]
Large and rounded. [Obs.]

    A gentle stream, whose murmuring wave did play Amongst the pumy
    stones.


Spenser.

Pun (?), v. t. [See Pound to beat.] To pound. [Obs.]

    He would pun thee into shivers with his fist.


Shak.

Pun, n. [Cf. Pun to pound, Pound to beat.] A play on words which have
the same sound but different meanings; an expression in which two
different applications of a word present an odd or ludicrous idea; a
kind of quibble or equivocation. Addison.

    A better put on this word was made on the Beggar's Opera, which, it
    was said, made Gay rich, and Rich gay.


Walpole.

Pun, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Punned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Punning.] To make
puns, or a pun; to use a word in a double sense, especially when the
contrast of ideas is ludicrous; to play upon words; to quibble. Dryden.

Pun, v. t. To persuade or affect by a pun. Addison.

Punch (?), n. [Hind. pnch five, Skr. pa&?;can. So called because
composed of five ingredients, viz., sugar, arrack, spice, water, and
lemon juice. See Five.] A beverage composed of wine or distilled
liquor, water (or milk), sugar, and the juice of lemon, with spice or
mint; -- specifically named from the kind of spirit used; as rum punch,
claret punch, champagne punch, etc.

Milk punch, a sort of punch made with spirit, milk, sugar, spice, etc.
-- Punch bowl, a large bowl in which punch is made, or from which it is
served. -- Roman punch, a punch frozen and served as an ice.

Punch, n. [Abbrev, fr. punchinello.] The buffoon or harlequin of a
puppet show.

Punch and Judy, a puppet show in which a comical little hunchbacked
Punch, with a large nose, engages in altercation with his wife Judy.

Punch (?), n. [Prov. E. Cf. Punchy.] 1. A short, fat fellow; anything
short and thick.

    I . . . did hear them call their fat child punch, which pleased me
    mightily, that word being become a word of common use for all that
    is thick and short.


Pepys.

2. One of a breed of large, heavy draught horses; as, the Suffolk
punch.

Punch, v. t. [OE. punchen, perhaps the same word as E. punish: or cf.
E. bunch.] To thrust against; to poke; as, to punch one with the end of
a stick or the elbow.

Punch, n. A thrust or blow. [Colloq.]

Punch, n. [Abbrev. fr. puncheon.] 1. A tool, usually of steel,
variously shaped at one end for different uses, and either solid, for
stamping or for perforating holes in metallic plates and other
substances, or hollow and sharpedged, for cutting out blanks, as for
buttons, steel pens, jewelry, and the like; a die.

2. (Pile Driving) An extension piece applied to the top of a pile; a
dolly.

3. A prop, as for the roof of a mine.

Bell punch. See under Bell. -- Belt punch (Mach.), a punch, or punch
pliers, for making holes for lacings in the ends of driving belts. --
Punch press. See Punching machine, under Punch, v. i. -- Punch pliers,
pliers having a tubular, sharp- edged steel punch attached to one of
the jaws, for perforating leather, paper, and the like.

Punch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Punching.]
[From Punch, n., a tool; cf. F. poinÁonner.] To perforate or stamp with
an instrument by pressure, or a blow; as, to punch a hole; to punch
ticket.

Punching machine, or Punching press, a machine tool for punching holes
in metal or other material; -- called also punch press.

Punch"eon (?), n. [F. poinÁon awl, bodkin, crown, king-post, fr. L.
punctio a pricking, fr. pungere to prick. See Pungent, and cf. Punch a
tool, Punction.]

1. A figured stamp, die, or punch, used by goldsmiths, cutlers, etc.

2. (Carp.) A short, upright piece of timber in framing; a short post;
an intermediate stud. Oxf. Gloss.

3. A split log or heavy slab with the face smoothed; as, a floor made
of puncheons. [U.S.] Bartlett.

4. [F. poinÁon, perh. the same as poinÁon an awl.] A cask containing,
sometimes 84, sometimes 120, gallons.

Punch"er (?), n. One who, or that which, punches.

Pun"chin (?), n. See Puncheon.

Pun`chi*nel"lo (?), n. [It. pulcinella, probably originally a word of
endearment, dim. of pulcina, pulcino, a chicken, from L. pullicenus,
pullus. See Pullet.] A punch; a buffoon; originally, in a puppet show,
a character represented as fat, short, and humpbacked. Spectator.

Punch"y (?), a. [Perhaps for paunchy, from paunch. See 3d Punch.] Short
and thick, or fat.

{ Punc"ta*ted (?), Punc"ta*ted (?), } a. [From L. punctum point. See
Point .] 1. Pointed; ending in a point or points.

2. (Nat. Hist.) Dotted with small spots of color, or with minute
depressions or pits.

Punc*ta"tor (?), n. One who marks with points. specifically, one who
writes Hebrew with points; -- applied to a Masorite. E. Robinson.

Punc*tic"u*lar (?), a. Comprised in, or like, a point; exact. [Obs. &
R.] Sir T. Browne.

Punc"ti*form (?), a. [L. punctum point + -form.] Having the form of a
point.

Punc*til"io (pk*tl"y), n.; pl. Punctilios (- yz). [It. puntiglio, or
Sp. puntillo, dim. fr. L. punctum point. See Point, n.] A nice point of
exactness in conduct, ceremony, or proceeding; particularity or
exactness in forms; as, the punctilios of a public ceremony.

    They will not part with the least punctilio in their opinions and
    practices.


Fuller.

Punc*til"ious (-ys), a. [Cf. It. puntiglioso, Sp. puntilloso.]
Attentive to punctilio; very nice or exact in the forms of behavior,
etiquette, or mutual intercourse; precise; exact in the smallest
particulars. "A punctilious observance of divine laws." Rogers. "Very
punctilious copies of any letters." The Nation.

    Punctilious in the simple and intelligible instances of common
    life.


I. Taylor.

-- Punc*til"ious*ly, adv. -- Punc*til"ious*ness, n.

Punc"tion (?), n. [L. punctio, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick: cf. F.
ponction. Cf. Puncheon.] A puncturing, or pricking; a puncture.

Punc"tist (?), n. A punctator. E. Henderson.

Punc"to (?), n. [See Punto.] 1. A nice point of form or ceremony.
Bacon.

2. A term applied to the point in fencing. Farrow.

Punc"tu*al (?), a. [F. ponctuel (cf. Sp. puntual, It. puntuale), from
L. punctum point. See Point.] 1. Consisting in a point; limited to a
point; unextended. [R.] "This punctual spot." Milton.

    The theory of the punctual existence of the soul.


Krauth.

2. Observant of nice points; punctilious; precise.

    Punctual to tediousness in all that he relates.


Bp. Burnet.

    So much on punctual niceties they stand.


C. Pitt.

3. Appearing or done at, or adhering exactly to, a regular or an
appointed time; precise; prompt; as, a punctual man; a punctual
payment. "The race of the undeviating and punctual sun." Cowper.

    These sharp strokes [of a pendulum], with their inexorably steady
    intersections, so agree with our successive thoughts that they seem
    like the punctual stops counting off our very souls into the past.


J. Martineau.

<! p. 1163 !>

Punc"tu*al*ist (?), n. One who is very exact in observing forms and
ceremonies. Milton.

Punc`tu*al"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. ponctualitÈ.] The quality or state of
being punctual; especially, adherence to the exact time of an
engagement; exactness.

Punc"tu*al*ly (?), adv. In a punctual manner; promptly; exactly.

Punc"tu*al*ness, n. Punctuality; exactness.

Punc"tu*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punctuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Punctuating.] [Cf. F. ponctuer. See Punctual.] To mark with points; to
separate into sentences, clauses, etc., by points or stops which mark
the proper pauses in expressing the meaning.

Punc`tu*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. ponctuation.] (Gram.) The act or art of
punctuating or pointing a writing or discourse; the art or mode of
dividing literary composition into sentences, and members of a
sentence, by means of points, so as to elucidate the author's meaning.

Punctuation, as the term is usually understood, is chiefly performed
with four points: the period [.], the colon [:], the semicolon [;], and
the comma [,]. Other points used in writing and printing, partly
rhetorical and partly grammatical, are the note of interrogation [?],
the note of exclamation [!], the parentheses [()], the dash [--], and
brackets []. It was not until the 16th century that an approach was
made to the present system of punctuation by the Manutii of Venice.
With Caxton, oblique strokes took the place of commas and periods.

Punc"tu*a*tive (?), a. Of or belonging to points of division; relating
to punctuation.

    The punctuative intonation of feeble cadence.


Rush.

Punc"tu*a`tor (?), n. One who punctuates, as in writing; specifically,
a punctator.

Punc"tu*ist, n. A punctator.

{ Punc"tu*late (?), Punc"tu*la`ted (?), } a. [L. punctulum, dim. of
punctum point.] Marked with small spots.

    The studs have their surface punctulated, as if set all over with
    other studs infinitely lesser.


Woodward.

||Punc"tum (?), n. [L., a point.] A point.

||Punctum cÊcum. [L., blind point.] (Anat.) Same as Blind spot, under
||Blind. -- ||Punctum proximum, near point. See under Point. --
||||Punctum remotum, far point. See under Point. -- ||Punctum
||vegetationis [L., point of vegetation] (Bot.), the terminal cell of a
||stem, or of a leaf bud, from which new growth originates.

Punc`tu*ra"tion (?), n. The act or process of puncturing. See
Acupuncture.

Punc"ture (?), n. [L. punctura, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See
Pungent.] 1. The act of puncturing; perforating with something pointed.

2. A small hole made by a point; a slight wound, bite, or sting; as,
the puncture of a nail, needle, or pin.

    A lion may perish by the puncture of an asp.


Rambler.

Punc"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punctured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Puncturing.] To pierce with a small, pointed instrument, or the like;
to prick; to make a puncture in; as, to puncture the skin.

Punc"tured (?), a. 1. Having the surface covered with minute
indentations or dots.

2. (Med.) Produced by puncture; having the characteristics of a
puncture; as, a punctured wound.

Pun"dit (?), n. [Hind. pandit, Skr. pandita a learned man.] A learned
man; a teacher; esp., a Brahman versed in the Sanskrit language, and in
the science, laws, and religion of the Hindoos; in Cashmere, any clerk
or native official. [Written also pandit.] [India]

Pun"dle (?), n. [Cf. Bundle.] A short and fat woman; a squab. [Obs.]

Pu"nese (?), n. [F. punaise, fr. punais stinking, fr. L. putere.]
(Zoˆl.) A bedbug. [R or Obs.]

Pung (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A kind of plain sleigh drawn by one
horse; originally, a rude oblong box on runners. [U.S.]

    Sledges or pungs, coarsely framed of split saplings, and surmounted
    with a large crockery crate.


Judd.

    They did not take out the pungs to- day.


E. E. Hale.

Pun"gence (?), n. [See Pungent.] Pungency.

Pun"gen*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being pungent or piercing;
keenness; sharpness; piquancy; as, the pungency of ammonia. "The
pungency of menaces." Hammond.

Pun"gent (?), a. [L. pungens, -entis, p. pr. of pungere, punctum, to
prick. Cf. Compunction, Expunge, Poignant, Point, n., Puncheon,
Punctilio, Punt, v. t.] 1. Causing a sharp sensation, as of the taste,
smell, or feelings; pricking; biting; acrid; as, a pungent spice.

    Pungent radish biting infant's tongue.


Shenstone.

    The pungent grains of titillating dust.


Pope.

2. Sharply painful; penetrating; poignant; severe; caustic; stinging.

    With pungent pains on every side.


Swift.

    His pungent pen played its part in rousing the nation.


J. R. Green.

3. (Bot.) Prickly-pointed; hard and sharp.

Syn. -- Acrid; piercing; sharp; penetrating; acute; keen; acrimonious;
biting; stinging.

Pun"gent*ly, adv. In a pungent manner; sharply.

Pun"gled (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Shriveled or shrunken; -- said
especially of grain which has lost its juices from the ravages of
insects, such as the wheat midge, or Trips (Thrips cerealium).

Pung"y (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A small sloop or shallop, or a
large boat with sails.

Pu"nic (?), a. [L. Punicus pertaining to Carthage, or its inhabitants,
fr. Poeni the Carthaginians.]

1. Of or pertaining to the ancient Carthaginians.

2. Characteristic of the ancient Carthaginians; faithless; treacherous;
as, Punic faith.

    Yes, yes, his faith attesting nations own; 'T is Punic all, and to
    a proverb known.


H. Brooke.

Pu"nice (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Punese. [Obs. or R.]

Pu"nice, v. t. To punish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Pu*ni"ceous (?), Pu*ni"cial (?), } a. [L. puniceus, fr. Punicus
Punic.] Of a bright red or purple color. [R.]

Pu"ni*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being puny; littleness;
pettiness; feebleness.

Pun"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Punishing.] [OE. punischen, F. punir, from L. punire, punitum, akin to
poena punishment, penalty. See Pain, and -ish.] 1. To impose a penalty
upon; to afflict with pain, loss, or suffering for a crime or fault,
either with or without a view to the offender's amendment; to cause to
suffer in retribution; to chasten; as, to punish traitors with death; a
father punishes his child for willful disobedience.

    A greater power Now ruled him, punished in the shape he sinned.


Milton.

2. To inflict a penalty for (an offense) upon the offender; to repay,
as a fault, crime, etc., with pain or loss; as, to punish murder or
treason with death.

3. To injure, as by beating; to pommel. [Low]

Syn. -- To chastise; castigate; scourge; whip; lash; correct;
discipline. See Chasten.

Pun"ish*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. punissable.] Deserving of, or liable to,
punishment; capable of being punished by law or right; -- said of
person or offenses.

    That time was, when to be a Protestant, to be a Christian, was by
    law as punishable as to be a traitor.


Milton.

-- Pun"ish*a*ble*ness, n.

Pun"ish*er (?), n. One who inflicts punishment.

Pun"ish*ment (?), n. 1. The act of punishing.

2. Any pain, suffering, or loss inflicted on a person because of a
crime or offense.

    I never gave them condign punishment.


Shak.

    The rewards and punishments of another life.


Locke.

3. (Law) A penalty inflicted by a court of justice on a convicted
offender as a just retribution, and incidentally for the purposes of
reformation and prevention.

Pu*ni"tion (?), n. [L. punitio: cf. F. punition. See Punish.]
Punishment. [R.] Mir. for Mag.

Pu"ni*tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to punishment; involving, awarding,
or inflicting punishment; as, punitive law or justice.

    If death be punitive, so, likewise, is the necessity imposed upon
    man of toiling for his subsistence.


I. Taylor.

    We shall dread a blow from the punitive hand.


Bagehot.

Pu"ni*to*ry (?), a. Punishing; tending to punishment; punitive.

    God . . . may make moral evil, as well as natural, at the same time
    both prudential and punitory.


A. Tucker.

Punk (?), n. [Cf. Spunk.] 1. Wood so decayed as to be dry, crumbly, and
useful for tinder; touchwood.

2. A fungus (Polyporus fomentarius, etc.) sometimes dried for tinder;
agaric.

3. An artificial tinder. See Amadou, and Spunk.

4. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obsoles.] Shak.

||Pun"ka (?), n. [Hind. pankh fan.] A machine for fanning a room,
||usually a movable fanlike frame covered with canvas, and suspended
||from the ceiling. It is kept in motion by pulling a cord. [Hindostan]
||[Written also punkah.] Malcom.

Pun"kin (?), n. A pumpkin. [Colloq. U. S.]

Punk"ling (?), n. A young strumpet. [Obs.]

Pun"ner (?), n. A punster. Beau. & Fl.

Pun"net (?), n. [Cf. Ir. buinne a shoot, branch.] A broad, shallow
basket, for displaying fruit or flowers.

Pun*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Pun + - logy.] The art or practice of punning;
paronomasia. [R.] Pope.

Pun"ster (?), n. One who puns, or is skilled in, or given to, punning;
a quibbler; a low wit.

Punt (?), v. i. [F. ponter, or It. puntare, fr. L. punctum point. See
Point.] To play at basset, baccara, faro. or omber; to gamble.

    She heard . . . of his punting at gaming tables.


Thackeray.

Punt, n. Act of playing at basset, baccara, faro, etc.

Punt, n. [AS., fr. L. ponto punt, pontoon. See Pontoon.] (Naut.) A
flat-bottomed boat with square ends. It is adapted for use in shallow
waters.

Punt, v. t. 1. To propel, as a boat in shallow water, by pushing with a
pole against the bottom; to push or propel (anything) with exertion.
Livingstone.

2. (Football) To kick (the ball) before it touches the ground, when let
fall from the hands.

Punt, n. (Football) The act of punting the ball.

Punt"er (?), n.[Cf. F. ponte. See Punt, v. t.] One who punts;
specifically, one who plays against the banker or dealer, as in baccara
and faro. Hoyle.

Punt"er, n. One who punts a football; also, one who propels a punt.

{ Pun"til (?), Pun"tel (?) }, n. (Glass Making) See Pontee.

Pun"to (?), n. [It. punto, L. punctum point. See Point.] (Fencing) A
point or hit.

||Punto diritto [It.], a direct stroke or hit. -- ||Punto reverso [It.
||riverso reverse], a backhanded stroke. Halliwell. "Ah, the immortal
||passado! the punto reverso!" Shak.

Pun"ty (?), n. (Glass Making) See Pontee.

Pu"ny (?), a. [Compar. Punier (?); superl. Puniest.] [F. puÓtÈ younger,
later born, OF. puisnÈ; puis afterwards (L. post; see Post-) + nÈ born,
L. natus. See Natal, and cf. Puisne.] Imperfectly developed in size or
vigor; small and feeble; inferior; petty.

    A puny subject strikes at thy great glory.


Shak.

    Breezes laugh to scorn our puny speed.


Keble.

Pu"ny (?), n. A youth; a novice. [R.] Fuller.

Puoy (?), n. Same as Poy, n., 3.

Pup (?), n. [See Puppy.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A young dog; a puppy. (b) a young
seal.

Pup, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pupped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pupping.] To bring
forth whelps or young, as the female of the canine species.

Pu"pa (?), n.; pl. L. Pup&?; (#), E. Pupas (#). [L. pupa girl. doll,
puppet, fem. of pupus. Cf. Puppet.] 1. (Zoˆl.) Any insect in that stage
of its metamorphosis which usually immediately precedes the adult, or
imago, stage.

Among insects belonging to the higher orders, as the Hymenoptera,
Diptera, Lepidoptera, the pupa is inactive and takes no food; in the
lower orders it is active and takes food, and differs little from the
imago except in the rudimentary state of the sexual organs, and of the
wings in those that have wings when adult. The term pupa is sometimes
applied to other invertebrates in analogous stages of development.

2. (Zoˆl.) A genus of air- breathing land snails having an elongated
spiral shell.

Coarctate, or Obtected, pupa, a pupa which is incased in the dried-up
skin of the larva, as in many Diptera. -- Masked pupa, a pupa whose
limbs are bound down and partly concealed by a chitinous covering, as
in Lepidoptera.

Pu"pal (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to a pupa, or the condition of
a pupa.

Pu"pate (?), v. i. (Zoˆl.) To become a pupa.

Pu*pa"tion (?), n. (Zoˆl.) the act of becoming a pupa.

Pupe (?), n. [F.] (Zoˆl.) A pupa.

Pu*pe"lo (?), n. Cider brandy. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

Pu*pig"er*ous, a. [Pupa + - gerous.] (Zoˆl.) Bearing or containing a
pupa; -- said of dipterous larvÊ which do not molt when the pupa is
formed within them.

Pu"pil (?), n. [F. pupille, n. fem., L. pupilla the pupil of the eye,
originally dim. of pupa a girl. See Puppet, and cf. Pupil a scholar.]
(Anat.) The aperture in the iris; the sight, apple, or black of the
eye. See the Note under Eye, and Iris.

Pin-hole pupil (Med.), the pupil of the eye when so contracted (as it
sometimes is in typhus, or opium poisoning) as to resemble a pin hole.
Dunglison.

Pu"pil, n. [F. pupille, n. masc. & fem., L. pupillus, pupilla, dim. of
pupus boy, pupa girl. See Puppet, and cf. Pupil of the eye.] 1. A youth
or scholar of either sex under the care of an instructor or tutor.

    Too far in years to be a pupil now.


Shak.

    Tutors should behave reverently before their pupils.


L'Estrange.

2. A person under a guardian; a ward. Dryden.

3. (Civil Law) A boy or a girl under the age of puberty, that is, under
fourteen if a male, and under twelve if a female.

Syn. -- Learner; disciple; tyro. -- See Scholar.

Pu"pil*age (?), n. The state of being a pupil.

    As sons of kings, loving in pupilage, Have turned to tyrants when
    they came to power.


Tennyson.

Pu`pil*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pupillaritÈ. See Pupillary.] (Scots
Law) The period before puberty, or from birth to fourteen in males, and
twelve in females.

Pu"pil*la*ry (?), a. [L. pupillaris: cf. F. pupillaire. See Pupil.] 1.
Of or pertaining to a pupil or ward. Johnson.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pupil of the eye.

Pu`pil*lom"e*ter (?), n. [L. pupilla pupil of the eye + -meter.]
(Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the size of the pupil of the
pupil of the eye.

||Pu*pip"a*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pupiparous.] (Zoˆl.) A division of
||Diptera in which the young are born in a stage like the pupa. It
||includes the sheep tick, horse tick, and other parasites. Called also
||Homaloptera.

Pu*pip"a*rous (?), a. [Pupa + L. parere to bring forth.] (Zoˆl.) (a)
Bearing, or containing, a pupa; -- said of the matured larvÊ, or larval
skins, of certain Diptera. (b) Of or pertaining to the Pupipara.

||Pu*piv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pupivorous.] (Zoˆl.) A group of
||parasitic Hymenoptera, including the ichneumon flies, which destroy
||the larvÊ and pupÊ of insects.

Pu*piv"o*rous (?), a. [Pupa + L. vorare to devour.] (Zoˆl.) Feeding on
the pupÊ of insects.

Pup"li*can (?), n. Publican. [Obs.]

Pup"pet (?), n. [OE. popet, OF. poupette; akin to F. poupÈe a doll,
probably from L. puppa, pupa, a girl, doll, puppet. Cf. Poupeton, Pupa,
Pupil, Puppy.] [Written also poppet.] 1. A small image in the human
form; a doll.

<! p. 1164 !>

2. A similar figure moved by the hand or by a wire in a mock drama; a
marionette; a wooden actor in a play.

    At the pipes of some carved organ move, The gilded puppets dance.


Pope.

3. One controlled in his action by the will of another; a tool; -- so
used in contempt. Sir W. Scott.

4. (Mach.) The upright support for the bearing of the spindle in a
lathe.

Puppet master. Same as Puppetman. -- Puppet play, a puppet show. --
Puppet player, one who manages the motions of puppets. -- Puppet show,
a mock drama performed by puppets moved by wires. -- Puppet valve, a
valve in the form of a circular disk, which covers a hole in its seat,
and opens by moving bodily away from the seat while remaining parallel
with it, -- used in steam engines, pumps, safety valves, etc. Its edge
is often beveled, and fits in a conical recess in the seat when the
valve is closed. See the valves shown in Illusts. of Plunger pump, and
Safety valve, under Plunger, and Safety.

Pup"pet*ish (?), a. Resembling a puppet in appearance or action; of the
nature of a puppet.

Pup"pet*man (?), n. A master of a puppet show.

Pup"pet*ry (?), n. Action or appearance resembling that of a puppet, or
puppet show; hence, mere form or show; affectation.

    Puppetry of the English laws of divorce.


Chambers.

Pup"py (?), n.; pl. Puppies (#). [F. poupÈe doll, puppet. See Puppet,
and cf. Pup, n.] 1. (Zoˆl.) The young of a canine animal, esp. of the
common dog; a whelp.

2. A name of contemptuous reproach for a conceited and impertinent
person.

    I found my place taken by an ill-bred, awkward puppy with a money
    bag under each arm.


Addison.

Pup"py, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puppied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puppying.] To
bring forth whelps; to pup.

Pup"py*hood (?), n. The time or state of being a puppy; the time of
being young and undisciplined.

Pup"py*ish, a. Like a puppy.

Pup"py*ism (?), n. Extreme meanness, affectation, conceit, or
impudence. A. Chalmers.

Pur (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Purred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purring.] [Of
imitative origin; cf. Prov. G. purren.] To utter a low, murmuring,
continued sound, as a cat does when pleased. [Written also purr.]

Pur, v. t. To signify or express by purring. Gray.

Pur, n. The low, murmuring sound made by a cat to express contentment
or pleasure. [Written also purr.]

||Pu*ra"na (?), n. [Skr. pur&?;, properly. old, ancient, fr. pur
||formerly.] One of a class of sacred Hindoo poetical works in the
||Sanskrit language which treat of the creation, destruction, and
||renovation of worlds, the genealogy and achievements of gods and
||heroes, the reigns of the Manus, and the transactions of their
||descendants. The principal Puranas are eighteen in number, and there
||are the same number of supplementary books called Upa Puranas.

Pu*ran"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the Puranas.

Pur"beck beds` (?). [So called from the Isle of Purbeck in England.]
(Geol.) The strata of the Purbeck stone, or Purbeck limestone,
belonging to the Oˆlitic group. See the Chart of Geology.

Pur"beck stone` (?). (Geol.) A limestone from the Isle of Purbeck in
England.

Pur"blind` (?), a. [For pure- blind, i. e., wholly blind. See Pure, and
cf. Poreblind.] 1. Wholly blind. "Purblind Argus, all eyes and no
sight." Shak.

2. Nearsighted, or dim-sighted; seeing obscurely; as, a purblind eye; a
purblind mole.

    The saints have not so sharp eyes to see down from heaven; they be
    purblindand sand-blind.


Latimer.

    O purblind race of miserable men.


Tennyson.

-- Pur"blind`ly, adv. -- Pur"blind`ness, n.

Purce"lane (?), n. (Bot.) Purslane. [Obs.]

Pur"chas*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being bought, purchased, or obtained
for a consideration; hence, venal; corrupt.

    Money being the counterbalance to all things purchasable by it, as
    much as you take off from the value of money, so much you add to
    the price of things exchanged.


Locke.

Pur"chase (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purchased (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Purchasing.] [OE. purchasen, porchacen, OF. porchacier, purchacier, to
pursue, to seek eagerly, F. pourchasser; OF. pour, por, pur, for (L.
pro) + chacier to pursue, to chase. See Chase.] 1. To pursue and
obtain; to acquire by seeking; to gain, obtain, or acquire. Chaucer.

    That loves the thing he can not purchase.


Spenser.

    Your accent is Something finer than you could purchase in so
    removed a dwelling.


Shak.

    His faults . . . hereditary Rather than purchased.


Shak.

2. To obtain by paying money or its equivalent; to buy for a price; as,
to purchase land, or a house.

    The field which Abraham purchased of the sons of Heth.


Gen. xxv. 10.

3. To obtain by any outlay, as of labor, danger, or sacrifice, etc.;
as, to purchase favor with flattery.

    One poor retiring minute . . . Would purchase thee a thousand
    thousand friends.


Shak.

    A world who would not purchase with a bruise?


Milton.

4. To expiate by a fine or forfeit. [Obs.]

    Not tears nor prayers shall purchase out abuses.


Shak.

5. (Law) (a) To acquire by any means except descent or inheritance.
Blackstone. (b) To buy for a price.

6. To apply to (anything) a device for obtaining a mechanical
advantage; to get a purchase upon, or apply a purchase to; as, to
purchase a cannon.

Pur"chase, v. i. 1. To put forth effort to obtain anything; to strive;
to exert one's self. [Obs.]

    Duke John of Brabant purchased greatly that the Earl of Flanders
    should have his daughter in marriage.


Ld. Berners.

2. To acquire wealth or property. [Obs.]

    Sure our lawyers Would not purchase half so fast.


J. Webster.

Pur"chase (?; 48), n. [OE. purchds, F. pourchas eager pursuit. See
Purchase, v. t.] 1. The act of seeking, getting, or obtaining anything.
[Obs.]

    I'll . . . get meat to have thee, Or lose my life in the purchase.


Beau. & Fl.

2. The act of seeking and acquiring property.

3. The acquisition of title to, or properly in, anything for a price;
buying for money or its equivalent.

    It is foolish to lay out money in the purchase of repentance.


Franklin.

4. That which is obtained, got, or acquired, in any manner, honestly or
dishonestly; property; possession; acquisition. Chaucer. B. Jonson.

    We met with little purchase upon this coast, except two small
    vessels of Golconda.


De Foe.

    A beauty-waning and distressed widow . . . Made prize and purchase
    of his lustful eye.


Shak.

5. That which is obtained for a price in money or its equivalent. "The
scrip was complete evidence of his right in the purchase." Wheaton.

6. Any mechanical hold, or advantage, applied to the raising or
removing of heavy bodies, as by a lever, a tackle, capstan, and the
like; also, the apparatus, tackle, or device by which the advantage is
gained.

    A politician, to do great things, looks for a power -- what our
    workmen call a purchase.


Burke.

7. (Law) Acquisition of lands or tenements by other means than descent
or inheritance, namely, by one's own act or agreement. Blackstone.

Purchase criminal, robbery. [Obs.] Spenser. -- Purchase money, the
money paid, or contracted to be paid, for anything bought. Berkeley. --
Worth, or At, [so many] years' purchase, a phrase by which the value or
cost of a thing is expressed in the length of time required for the
income to amount to the purchasing price; as, he bought the estate at a
twenty years' purchase. To say one's life is not worth a day's purchase
in the same as saying one will not live a day, or is in imminent peril.

Pur"chas*er (?), n. 1. One who purchases; one who acquires property for
a consideration, generally of money; a buyer; a vendee.

2. (Law) One who acquires an estate in lands by his own act or
agreement, or who takes or obtains an estate by any means other than by
descent or inheritance.

Pur"dah (?), n. [Per. parda a curtain.] A curtain or screen; also, a
cotton fabric in blue and white stripes, used for curtains. McElrath.

Pure (?), a. [Compar. Purer (?); superl. Purest.] [OE. pur, F. pur, fr.
L. purus; akin to putus pure, clear, putare to clean, trim, prune, set
in order, settle, reckon, consider, think, Skr. p&?; to clean, and
perh. E. fire. Cf. Putative.] 1. Separate from all heterogeneous or
extraneous matter; free from mixture or combination; clean; mere;
simple; unmixed; as, pure water; pure clay; pure air; pure compassion.

    The pure fetters on his shins great.


Chaucer.

    A guinea is pure gold if it has in it no alloy.


I. Watts.

2. Free from moral defilement or quilt; hence, innocent; guileless;
chaste; -- applied to persons. "Keep thyself pure." 1 Tim. v. 22.

    Now the end of the commandment is charity out of a pure heart, and
    of a good conscience.


1 Tim. i. 5.

3. Free from that which harms, vitiates, weakens, or pollutes; genuine;
real; perfect; -- applied to things and actions. "Pure religion and
impartial laws." Tickell. "The pure, fine talk of Rome." Ascham.

    Such was the origin of a friendship as warm and pure as any that
    ancient or modern history records.


Macaulay.

4. (Script.) Ritually clean; fitted for holy services.

    Thou shalt set them in two rows, six on a row, upon the pure table
    before the Lord.


Lev. xxiv. 6.

5. (Phonetics) Of a single, simple sound or tone; -- said of some
vowels and the unaspirated consonants.

Pure-impure, completely or totally impure. "The inhabitants were
pure-impure pagans." Fuller. -- Pure blue. (Chem.) See Methylene blue,
under Methylene. -- Pure chemistry. See under Chemistry. -- Pure
mathematics, that portion of mathematics which treats of the principles
of the science, or contradistinction to applied mathematics, which
treats of the application of the principles to the investigation of
other branches of knowledge, or to the practical wants of life. See
Mathematics. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ) -- Pure villenage (Feudal
Law), a tenure of lands by uncertain services at the will of the lord.
Blackstone.

Syn. -- Unmixed; clear; simple; real; true; genuine; unadulterated;
uncorrupted; unsullied; untarnished; unstained; stainless; clean; fair;
unspotted; spotless; incorrupt; chaste; unpolluted; undefiled;
immaculate; innocent; guiltless; guileless; holy.

Pured (?), a. Purified; refined. [Obs.] "Bread of pured wheat." "Pured
gold." Chaucer.

||Pu`rÈe" (?), n. [F.] A dish made by boiling any article of food to a
||pulp and rubbing it through a sieve; as, a purÈe of fish, or of
||potatoes; especially, a soup the thickening of which is so treated.

Pure"ly (?), adv. 1. In a pure manner (in any sense of the adjective).

2. Nicely; prettily. [Archaic] Halliwell.

Pure"ness, n. The state of being pure (in any sense of the adjective).

Pur"file (?), n. [See Purfle.] A sort of ancient trimming of tinsel and
thread for women's gowns; -- called also bobbinwork. [Obs.] Piers
Plowman.

Pur"fle (?), v. t. [OF. pourfiler; pour for + fil a thread, L. filum.
See Profile, and cf. Purl a border.] 1. To decorate with a wrought or
flowered border; to embroider; to ornament with metallic threads; as,
to purfle with blue and white. P. Plowman.

    A goodly lady clad in scarlet red, Purfled with gold and pearl of
    rich assay.


Spenser.

2. (Her.) To ornament with a bordure of emines, furs, and the like;
also, with gold studs or mountings.

{ Pur"fle (?), Pur"flew (?), } n. 1. A hem, border., or trimming, as of
embroidered work.

2. (Her.) A border of any heraldic fur.

Pur"fled (?), a. Ornamented; decorated; esp., embroidered on the edges.

Purfled work (Arch.), delicate tracery, especially in Gothic
architecture.

Pur"fling (?), n. Ornamentation on the border of a thing; specifically,
the inlaid border of a musical instrument, as a violin.

Pur"ga*ment (?), n. [L. purgamentum offscourings, washings, expiatory
sacrifice. See Purge.] 1. That which is excreted; excretion. [Obs.]

2. (Med.) A cathartic; a purgative. [Obs.] Bacon.

Pur*ga"tion (?), n. [L. purgatio: cf. F. purgation. See Purge.] 1. The
act of purging; the act of clearing, cleansing, or putifying, by
separating and carrying off impurities, or whatever is superfluous; the
evacuation of the bowels.

2. (Law) The clearing of one's self from a crime of which one was
publicly suspected and accused. It was either canonical, which was
prescribed by the canon law, the form whereof used in the spiritual
court was, that the person suspected take his oath that he was clear of
the matter objected against him, and bring his honest neighbors with
him to make oath that they believes he swore truly; or vulgar, which
was by fire or water ordeal, or by combat. See Ordeal. Wharton.

    Let him put me to my purgation.


Shak.

Pur"ga*tive (?), a. [L. purgativus: cf. F. purgatif.] Having the power
or quality of purging; cathartic. -- n. (Med.) A purging medicine; a
cathartic.

Pur"ga*tive*ly, adv. In a purgative manner.

{ Pur`ga*to"ri*al (?), Pur`ga*to"ri*an (?), } a. Of or pertaining to
purgatory; expiatory.

Pur`ga*to"ri*an, n. One who holds to the doctrine of purgatory.
Boswell.

Pur"ga*to*ry (?), a. [L. purgatorius.] Tending to cleanse; cleansing;
expiatory. Burke.

Pur"ga*to*ry, n. [Cf. F. purgatoire.] A state or place of purification
after death; according to the Roman Catholic creed, a place, or a state
believed to exist after death, in which the souls of persons are
purified by expiating such offenses committed in this life as do not
merit eternal damnation, or in which they fully satisfy the justice of
God for sins that have been forgiven. After this purgation from the
impurities of sin, the souls are believed to be received into heaven.

Purge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purging
(?).] [F. purger, L. purgare; purus pure + agere to make, to do. See
Pure, and Agent.] 1. To cleanse, clear, or purify by separating and
carrying off whatever is impure, heterogeneous, foreign, or
superfluous. "Till fire purge all things new." Milton.

2. (Med.) To operate on as, or by means of, a cathartic medicine, or in
a similar manner.

3. To clarify; to defecate, as liquors.

4. To clear of sediment, as a boiler, or of air, as a steam pipe, by
driving off or permitting escape.

5. To clear from guilt, or from moral or ceremonial defilement; as, to
purge one of guilt or crime.

    When that he hath purged you from sin.


Chaucer.

    Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean.


Ps. li. 7.

6. (Law) To clear from accusation, or the charge of a crime or
misdemeanor, as by oath or in ordeal.

7. To remove in cleansing; to deterge; to wash away; -- often followed
by away.

    Purge away our sins, for thy name's sake.


Ps. lxxix. 9.

    We 'll join our cares to purge away Our country's crimes.


Addison.

Purge, v. i. 1. To become pure, as by clarification.

2. To have or produce frequent evacuations from the intestines, as by
means of a cathartic.

Purge, n. [Cf. F. purge. See Purge, v. t.] 1. The act of purging.

    The preparative for the purge of paganism of the kingdom of
    Northumberland.


Fuller.

2. That which purges; especially, a medicine that evacuates the
intestines; a cathartic. Arbuthnot.

Pur"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, purges or cleanses; especially,
a cathartic medicine.

Pur"ger*y (?), n. The part of a sugarhouse where the molasses is
drained off from the sugar.

Pur"ging (?), a. That purges; cleansing.

Purging flax (Bot.), an annual European plant of the genus Linum (L.
catharticum); dwarf wild flax; -- so called from its use as a cathartic
medicine.

Pur"ging, n. (Med.) The act of cleansing; excessive evacuations;
especially, diarrhea.

Pur"i (?), n. (Chem.) See Euxanthin.

Pu`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [F. purification, L. purificatio. See Purify.]
1. The act of purifying; the act or operation of separating and
removing from anything that which is impure or noxious, or
heterogeneous or foreign to it; as, the purification of liquors, or of
metals.

2. The act or operation of cleansing ceremonially, by removing any
pollution or defilement.

    When the days of her purification according to the law of Moses
    were accomplished.


Luke ii. 22.

3. A cleansing from guilt or the pollution of sin; the extinction of
sinful desires, appetites, and inclinations.

Pu"ri*fi*ca*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. purificatif.] Having power to purify;
tending to cleanse. [R.]

Pu"ri*fi*ca`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, purifies; a purifier.

Pu*rif"i*ca*to*ry (?), a. [L. purificatorius.] Serving or tending to
purify; purificative.

Pu"ri*fi`er (?), n. One who, or that which, purifies or cleanses; a
cleanser; a refiner.

<! p. 1165 !>

Pu"ri*form (p"r*fÙrm), a. [L. pus, puris, pus + -form: cf. F.
puriforme.] (Med.) In the form of pus.

Pu"ri*fy (-f), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Purifying (?).] [F. purifier, L. purificare; purus pure + -ficare (in
comp.) to make. See Pure, and -fy.] 1. To make pure or clear from
material defilement, admixture, or imperfection; to free from
extraneous or noxious matter; as, to purify liquors or metals; to
purify the blood; to purify the air.

2. Hence, in figurative uses: (a) To free from guilt or moral
defilement; as, to purify the heart.

    And fit them so Purified to receive him pure.


Milton.

(b) To free from ceremonial or legal defilement.

    And Moses took the blood, and put it upon the horns of the altar, .
    . . and purified the altar.


Lev. viii. 15.

    Purify both yourselves and your captives.


Num. xxxi. 19.

(c) To free from improprieties or barbarisms; as, to purify a language.
Sprat.

Pu"ri*fy, v. i. To grow or become pure or clear.

||Pu"rim (?), n. [Heb. pr, pl. prm, a lot.] A Jewish festival, called
||also the Feast of Lots, instituted to commemorate the deliverance of
||the Jews from the machinations of Haman. Esther ix. 26.

Pur"ism (?), n. [Cf. F. purisme.] Rigid purity; the quality of being
affectedly pure or nice, especially in the choice of language;
over-solicitude as to purity. "His political purism." De Quincey.

    The English language, however, . . . had even already become too
    thoroughly and essentially a mixed tongue for his doctrine of
    purism to be admitted to the letter.


Craik.

Pur"ist, n. [Cf. F. puriste.] 1. One who aims at excessive purity or
nicety, esp. in the choice of language.

    He [Fox] . . . purified vocabulary with a scrupulosity unknown to
    any purist.


Macaulay.

2. One who maintains that the New Testament was written in pure Greek.
M. Stuart.

{ Pu*ris"tic (?), Pu*ris"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to purists
or purism.

Pu"ri*tan (?), n. [From Purity.] 1. (Eccl. Hist.) One who, in the time
of Queen Elizabeth and the first two Stuarts, opposed traditional and
formal usages, and advocated simpler forms of faith and worship than
those established by law; -- originally, a term of reproach. The
Puritans formed the bulk of the early population of New England.

The Puritans were afterward distinguished as Political Puritans,
Doctrinal Puritans, and Puritans in Discipline. Hume.

2. One who is scrupulous and strict in his religious life; -- often
used reproachfully or in contempt; one who has overstrict notions.

    She would make a puritan of the devil.


Shak.

Pu"ri*tan, a. Of or pertaining to the Puritans; resembling, or
characteristic of, the Puritans.

{ Pu`ri*tan"ic (?), Pu`ri*tan"ic*al (?), } a. 1. Of or pertaining to
the Puritans, or to their doctrines and practice.

2. Precise in observance of legal or religious requirements; strict;
overscrupulous; rigid; -- often used by way of reproach or contempt.

    Paritanical circles, from which plays and novels were strictly
    excluded.


Macaulay.

    He had all the puritanic traits, both good and evil.


Hawthorne.

Pu`ri*tan"ic*al*ly, adv. In a puritanical manner.

Pu"ri*tan*ism (?), n. The doctrines, notions, or practice of Puritans.

Pu"ri*tan*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puritanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Puritanizing (?).] To agree with, or teach, the doctrines of Puritans;
to conform to the practice of Puritans. Bp. Montagu.

Pu"ri*ty (?), n. [OE. purete, purte, OF. purtÈ, F. puretÈ, from L.
puritas, fr. purus pure. See Pure.] The condition of being pure.
Specifically: (a) freedom from foreign admixture or deleterious matter;
as, the purity of water, of wine, of drugs, of metals. (b) Cleanness;
freedom from foulness or dirt. "The purity of a linen vesture."
Holyday. (c) Freedom from guilt or the defilement of sin; innocence;
chastity; as, purity of heart or of life. (d) Freedom from any sinister
or improper motives or views. (e) Freedom from foreign idioms, or from
barbarous or improper words or phrases; as, purity of style.

Pur"kin*je's cells` (?). [From J. E. Purkinje, their discoverer.]
(Anat.) Large ganglion cells forming a layer near the surface of the
cerebellum.

Purl (?), v. t. [Contr. fr. purfile, purfle. See Purfle.] To decorate
with fringe or embroidery. "Nature's cradle more enchased and purled."
B. Jonson.

Purl, n. 1. An embroidered and puckered border; a hem or fringe, often
of gold or silver twist; also, a pleat or fold, as of a band.

    A triumphant chariot made of carnation velvet, enriched withpurl
    and pearl.


Sir P. Sidney.

2. An inversion of stitches in knitting, which gives to the work a
ribbed or waved appearance.

Purl stitch. Same as Purl, n., 2.

Purl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Purled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purling.] [Cf.
Sw. porla, and E. pur to murmur as a cat.] 1. To run swiftly round, as
a small stream flowing among stones or other obstructions; to eddy;
also, to make a murmuring sound, as water does in running over or
through obstructions.

    Swift o'er the rolling pebbles, down the hills, Louder and louder
    purl the falling rills.


Pope.

2. [Perh. fr. F. perler to pearl, to bead. See Pearl, v. & n.] To rise
in circles, ripples, or undulations; to curl; to mantle.

    thin winding breath which purled up to the sky.


Shak.

Purl, n. [See 3d Purl.] 1. A circle made by the notion of a fluid; an
eddy; a ripple.

    Whose stream an easy breath doth seem to blow, Which on the
    sparkling gravel runs in purles, As though the waves had been of
    silver curls.


Drayton.

2. A gentle murmur, as that produced by the running of a liquid among
obstructions; as, the purl of a brook.

3. [Perh. from F. perler, v. See Purl to mantle.] Malt liquor,
medicated or spiced; formerly, ale or beer in which wormwood or other
bitter herbs had been infused, and which was regarded as tonic; at
present, hot beer mixed with gin, sugar, and spices. "Drank a glass of
purl to recover appetite." Addison. "Drinking hot purl, and smoking
pipes." Dickens.

4. (Zoˆl.) A tern. [Prov. Eng.]

Pur"lieu (?), n. [Corrupted (by influence of lieu place) fr. OF.
puralÈe, poralÈe (equiv. to LL. perambulatio a survey of boundaries,
originally, a going through); por (L. pro, confused, however, with L.
per through) + alÈe. See Pro-, and Alley.] [Written also pourlieu.] 1.
Originally, the ground near a royal forest, which, having been
unlawfully added to the forest, was afterwards severed from it, and
disafforested so as to remit to the former owners their rights.

    Then as a tiger, who by chance hath spied In some purlieu two
    gentle fawns at play.


Milton.

2. Hence, the outer portion of any place; an adjacent district;
environs; neighborhood. "The purlieus of St. James."

    brokers had been incessantly plying for custom in the purlieus of
    the court.


Macaulay.

{ Pur"lin, Pur"line } (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Arch.) In root
construction, a horizontal member supported on the principals and
supporting the common rafters.

Purl"ing (?), n. [See 3d Purl.] The motion of a small stream running
among obstructions; also, the murmur it makes in so doing.

Pur*loin" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purloined (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Purloining.] [OF. purloignier, porloignier, to retard, delay; pur, por,
pour, for (L. pro) + loin far, far off (L. longe). See Prolong, and cf.
Eloign.] To take or carry away for one's self; hence, to steal; to take
by theft; to filch.

    Had from his wakeful custody purloined The guarded gold.


Milton.

    when did the muse from Fletcher scenes purloin ?


Dryden.

Pur*loin", v. i. To practice theft; to steal. Titus ii. 10.

Pur*loin"er (?), n. One who purloins. Swift.

Pur"par`ty (?), n. [OF. pourpartie; pour for + partie a part; cf. OF.
purpart a respective part.] (Law) A share, part, or portion of an
estate allotted to a coparcener. [Written also purpart, and pourparty.]

    I am forced to eat all the game of your purparties, as well as my
    own thirds.


Walpole.

Pur"ple (?), n.; pl. Purples (#). [OE. purpre, pourpre, OF. purpre,
porpre, pourpre, F. pourpre, L. purpura purple fish, purple dye, fr.
Gr. &?; the purple fish, a shell from the purple dye was obtained,
purple dye; cf. &?; dark (said of the sea), purple, &?; to grow dark
(said of the sea), to be troubled; perh. akin to L. furere to rage, E.
fury: cf. AS. purpure. Cf. Porphyry, Purpure.] 1. A color formed by, or
resembling that formed by, a combination of the primary colors red and
blue.

    Arraying with reflected purple and gold The clouds that on his
    western throne attend.


Milton.

The ancient words which are translated purple are supposed to have been
used for the color we call crimson. In the gradations of color as
defined in art, purple is a mixture of red and blue. When red
predominates it is called violet, and when blue predominates, hyacinth.

2. Cloth dyed a purple color, or a garment of such color; especially, a
purple robe, worn as an emblem of rank or authority; specifically, the
purple rode or mantle worn by Roman emperors as the emblem of imperial
dignity; as, to put on the imperial purple.

    Thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined
    linen, and purple, and scarlet.


Ex. xxvi. 1.

3. Hence: Imperial sovereignty; royal rank, dignity, or favor; loosely
and colloquially, any exalted station; great wealth. "He was born in
the purple." Gibbon.

4. A cardinalate. See Cardinal.

5. (Zoˆl.) Any species of large butterflies, usually marked with purple
or blue, of the genus Basilarchia (formerly Limenitis) as, the banded
purple (B. arthemis). See Illust. under Ursula.

6. (Zoˆl.) Any shell of the genus Purpura.

7. pl.(Med.) See Purpura.

8. pl. A disease of wheat. Same as Earcockle.

Purple is sometimes used in composition, esp. with participles forming
words of obvious signification; as, purple- colored, purple-hued,
purple-stained, purple- tinged, purple-tinted, and the like.

French purple. (Chem.) Same as Cudbear. -- Purple of Cassius. See
Cassius. -- Purple of mollusca (Zoˆl.), a coloring matter derived from
certain mollusks, which dyes wool, etc., of a purple or crimson color,
and is supposed to be the substance of the famous Tyrian dye. It is
obtained from Ianthina, and from several species of Purpura, and Murex.
-- To be born in the purple, to be of princely birth; to be highborn.

Pur"ple, a. 1. Exhibiting or possessing the color called purple, much
esteemed for its richness and beauty; of a deep red, or red and blue
color; as, a purple robe.

2. Imperial; regal; -- so called from the color having been an emblem
of imperial authority.

    Hide in the dust thy purple pride.


Shelley.

3. Blood-red; bloody.

    May such purple tears be alway shed.


Shak.

    I view a field of blood, And Tiber rolling with a purple blood.


Dryden.

Purple bird (Zoˆl.), the European purple gallinule. See under
Gallinule. -- Purple copper ore. (Min.) See Bornite. -- Purple grackle
(Zoˆl.), the crow blackbird. See under Crow. -- Purple martin. See
under Martin. -- Purple sandpiper. See under Sandpiper. -- Purple
shell. See Ianthina.

Pur"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purpled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Purpling.] To make purple; to dye of purple or deep red color; as,
hands purpled with blood.

    When morn Purples the east.


Milton.

    Reclining soft in blissful bowers, Purpled sweet with springing
    flowers.


Fenton.

Pur"ple*heart` (?), n. (Bot.) A strong, durable, and elastic wood of a
purplish color, obtained from several tropical American leguminous
trees of the genus Copaifera (Copaifera pubiflora, Copaifera bracteata,
and Copaifera officinalis). Used for decorative veneering. See Copaiba.

Pur"ple*wood` (?), n. Same as Purpleheart.

Pur"plish (?), a. Somewhat purple. Boyle.

Pur"port (?), n. [OF. purport; pur, pour, for (L. pro) + porter to
bear, carry. See Port demeanor.]

1. Design or tendency; meaning; import; tenor.

    The whole scope and purport of that dialogue. Norris. With a look
    so piteous in purport As if he had been loosed out of hell.


Shak.

2. Disguise; covering. [Obs.]

    For she her sex under that strange purport Did use to hide.


Spenser.

Pur"port, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purported; p. pr. & vb. n. Purporting.]
[OF. purporter, pourporter. See Purport, n.] To intend to show; to
intend; to mean; to signify; to import; -- often with an object clause
or infinitive.

    They in most grave and solemn wise unfolded Matter which little
    purported.


Rowe.

Pur"port*less, a. Without purport or meaning.

Pur"pose (?), n. [OF. purpos, pourpos, propos, L. propositum. See
Propound.] 1. That which a person sets before himself as an object to
be reached or accomplished; the end or aim to which the view is
directed in any plan, measure, or exertion; view; aim; design;
intention; plan.

    He will his firste purpos modify.


Chaucer.

    As my eternal purpose hath decreed.


Milton.

    The flighty purpose never is o'ertook Unless the deed go with it.


Shak.

2. Proposal to another; discourse. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. Instance; example. [Obs.] L'Estrange.

In purpose, Of purpose, On purpose, with previous design; with the mind
directed to that object; intentionally. On purpose is the form now
generally used.

Syn. -- design; end; intention; aim. See Design.

Pur"pose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purposing.]
[OF. purposer, proposer. See Propose.] 1. To set forth; to bring
forward. [Obs.]

2. To propose, as an aim, to one's self; to determine upon, as some end
or object to be accomplished; to intend; to design; to resolve; --
often followed by an infinitive or dependent clause. Chaucer.

    Did nothing purpose against the state.


Shak.

    I purpose to write the history of England from the accession of
    King James the Second down to a time which is within the memory of
    men still living.


Macaulay.

Pur"pose, v. i. To have a purpose or intention; to discourse. [Obs.]
Spenser.

Pur"posed*ly (?), adv. In a purposed manner; according to purpose or
design; purposely.

    A poem composed purposedly of the Trojan war. Holland.


Pur"pose*ful (?), a. Important; material. "Purposeful accounts." Tylor.
-- Pur"pose*ful*ly, adv.

Pur"pose*less, a. Having no purpose or result; objectless. Bp. Hall. --
Pur"pose*less*ness, n.

Pur"pose*ly, adv. With purpose or design; intentionally; with
predetermination; designedly.

    In composing this discourse, I purposely declined all offensive and
    displeasing truths.


Atterbury.

    So much they scorn the crowd, that if the throng By chance go
    right, they purposely go wrong.


Pope.

Pur"pos*er (?), n. 1. One who brings forward or proposes anything; a
proposer. [Obs.]

2. One who forms a purpose; one who intends.

Pur"po*sive (?), a. Having or indicating purpose or design. "Purposive
characters." Bastian.

    Purposive modification of structure in a bone.


Owen.

    It is impossible that the frog should perform actions morepurposive
    than these.


Huxley.

Pur"pre (?), n. & a. Purple. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pur*pres"ture (?), n. [Probably corrupted (see Prest) fr. OF.
pourprisure, fr. pourprendre: cf. LL. purprestura. Cf. Purprise.] (Law)
Wrongful encroachment upon another's property; esp., any encroachment
upon, or inclosure of, that which should be common or public, as
highways, rivers, harbors, forts, etc. [Written also pourpresture.]

Pur"prise (?), n. [OF. pourpris,fr. pourprendre to take away entirely;
pour for + prendre to take.] A close or inclosure; the compass of a
manor. Bacon.

||Pur"pu*ra (?), n. [L., purple, purple fish: cf. F. purpura. See
||Purple.] 1. (Med.) A disease characterized by livid spots on the skin
||from extravasated blood, with loss of muscular strength, pain in the
||limbs, and mental dejection; the purples. Dunglison.

2. (Zoˆl.) A genus of marine gastropods, usually having a rough and
thick shell. Some species yield a purple dye.

Pur"pu*rate (?), a. Of or pertaining to purpura.

Pur"pu*rate, n. (Chem.) A salt of purpuric acid.

Pur"pure (?), n. [L. purpura purple. See Purple.] (Her.) Purple, --
represented in engraving by diagonal lines declining from the right top
to the left base of the escutcheon (or from sinister chief to dexter
base).

Pur*pu"re*al (?), a. Of a purple color; purple.

Pur*pu"re*o- (?). A combining form signifying of a purple or purple-red
color. Specif. (Chem.), used in designating certain brilliant
purple-red compounds of cobaltic chloride and ammonia, similar to the
roseocobaltic compounds. See Cobaltic.

<! p. 1166 !>

Pur*pu"ric (?), a. [Cf. F. purpurique.]

1. (Med.) Of or pertaining to purpura. Dunglison.

2. (Chem.) Pertaining to or designating, a nitrogenous acid contained
in uric acid. It is not known in the pure state, but forms well-known
purple-red compounds (as murexide), whence its name.

Purpuric acid was formerly used to designate murexan. See Murexan.

Pur"pu*rin (?), n. (Chem.) A dyestuff resembling alizarin, found in
madder root, and extracted as an orange or red crystalline substance.

Pur`pu*rip"a*rous (?), a. [L. purpura purple + parere to produce.]
(Biol.) Producing, or connected with, a purple-colored secretion; as,
the purpuriparous gland of certain gastropods.

Pur`pu*rog"e*nous (?), a. [L. purpura purple + -genous.] (Biol.) Having
the power to produce a purple color; as, the purpurogenous membrane, or
choroidal epithelium, of the eye. See Visual purple, under Visual.

Purr (?), v. i. & t. To murmur as a cat. See Pur.

Purr, n. The low murmuring sound made by a cat; pur. See Pur.

Purre (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The dunlin. [Prov. Eng.]

Pur"ree (?), n. [Hind. peori yellow.] (Chem.) A yellow coloring matter.
See Euxanthin.

Pur"rock (?), n. See Puddock, and Parrock.

Purse (?), n. [OE. purs, pors, OF. burse, borse, bourse, F. bourse, LL.
bursa, fr. Gr. &?; hide, skin, leather. Cf. Bourse, Bursch, Bursar,
Buskin.] 1. A small bag or pouch, the opening of which is made to draw
together closely, used to carry money in; by extension, any receptacle
for money carried on the person; a wallet; a pocketbook; a
portemonnaie. Chaucer.

    Who steals my purse steals trash.


Shak.

2. Hence, a treasury; finances; as, the public purse.

3. A sum of money offered as a prize, or collected as a present; as, to
win the purse; to make up a purse.

4. A specific sum of money; as: (a) In Turkey, the sum of 500 piasters.
(b) In Persia, the sum of 50 tomans.

Light purse, or Empty purse, poverty or want of resources. -- Long
purse, or Heavy purse, wealth; riches. -- Purse crab (Zoˆl.), any land
crab of the genus Birgus, allied to the hermit crabs. They sometimes
weigh twenty pounds or more, and are very strong, being able to crack
cocoanuts with the large claw. They chiefly inhabit the tropical
islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, living in holes and feeding
upon fruit. Called also palm crab. -- Purse net, a fishing net, the
mouth of which may be closed or drawn together like a purse. Mortimer.
-- Purse pride, pride of money; insolence proceeding from the
possession of wealth. Bp. Hall. -- Purse rat. (Zoˆl.) See Pocket
gopher, under Pocket. -- Sword and purse, the military power and
financial resources of a nation.

Purse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pursed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pursing.] 1. To
put into a purse.

    I will go and purse the ducats straight.


Shak.

2. To draw up or contract into folds or wrinkles, like the mouth of a
purse; to pucker; to knit.

    Thou . . . didst contract and purse thy brow.


Shak.

Purse, v. i. To steal purses; to rob. [Obs. & R.]

    I'll purse: . . . I'll bet at bowling alleys.


Beau. & Fl.

Purse"ful (?), n.; pl. Pursefuls (&?;). All that is, or can be,
contained in a purse; enough to fill a purse.

Purse"-proud` (?), a. Affected with purse pride; puffed up with the
possession of riches.

Purs"er (?), n. [See Purse, and cf. Bursar.]

1. (Naut.) A commissioned officer in the navy who had charge of the
provisions, clothing, and public moneys on shipboard; -- now called
paymaster.

2. A clerk on steam passenger vessels whose duty it is to keep the
accounts of the vessels, such as the receipt of freight, tickets, etc.

3. Colloquially, any paymaster or cashier.

Purser's name (Naut.), a false name. [Slang]

Purs"er*ship, n. The office of purser. Totten.

Purs"et (?), n. A purse or purse net. B. Jonson.

Pur"si*ness (?), n. State of being pursy.

Pur"sive (?), a. Pursy. [Obs.] Holland.

Pur"sive*ness, n. Pursiness. [Obs. & R.]

Purs"lain (?), n. Same as Purslane.

Purs"lane (?), n. [OF. porcelaine, pourcelaine (cf. It. porcellana),
corrupted fr. L. porcilaca for portulaca.] (Bot.) An annual plant
(Portulaca oleracea), with fleshy, succulent, obovate leaves, sometimes
used as a pot herb and for salads, garnishing, and pickling.

Flowering purslane, or Great flowered purslane, the Portulaca
grandiflora. See Portulaca. -- Purslane tree, a South African shrub
(Portulacaria Afra) with many small opposite fleshy obovate leaves. --
Sea purslane, a seashore plant (Arenaria peploides) with crowded
opposite fleshy leaves. -- Water purslane, an aquatic plant (Ludwiqia
palustris) but slightly resembling purslane.

Pur*su"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being, or fit to be, pursued, followed,
or prosecuted. Sherwood.

Pur*su"al (?), n. The act of pursuit. [R.]

Pur*su"ance (?), n. [See Pursuant.] 1. The act of pursuing or
prosecuting; a following out or after.

    Sermons are not like curious inquiries after new nothings, but
    pursuances of old truths.


Jer. Taylor.

2. The state of being pursuant; consequence.

In pursuance of, in accordance with; in prosecution or fulfillment of.

Pur*su"ant (?), a. [From Pursue: cf. OE. poursuiant. Cf. Pursuivant.]
Acting in consequence or in prosecution (of anything); hence,
agreeable; conformable; following; according; -- with to or of.

    The conclusion which I draw from these premises, pursuant to the
    query laid down, is, etc.


Waterland.

{ Pur*su"ant, Pur*su"ant*ly, } adv. Agreeably; conformably.

Pur*sue" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pursued (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pursuing.] [OE. pursuen, porsuen, OF. porsivre, poursuivre, poursuir,
F. poursuivre, fr. L. prosequi; pro forward + sequi to follow. See Sue,
and cf. Prosecute, Pursuivant.] 1. To follow with a view to overtake;
to follow eagerly, or with haste; to chase; as, to pursue a hare.

    We happiness pursue; we fly from pain.


Prior.

    The happiness of men lies in purswing, Not in possessing.


Longfellow.

2. To seek; to use or adopt measures to obtain; as, to pursue a remedy
at law.

    The fame of ancient matrons you pursue.


Dryden.

3. To proceed along, with a view to some and or object; to follow; to
go in; as, Captain Cook pursued a new route; the administration pursued
a wise course.

4. To prosecute; to be engaged in; to continue. " Insatiate to pursue
vain war." Milton.

5. To follow as an example; to imitate.

6. To follow with enmity; to persecute; to call to account.

    The servant is not greater than his lord. If they have pursued me,
    they shall pursue you also.


Wyclif (John xv. 20).

Syn. -- To follow; chase; seek; persist. See Follow.

Pur*sue", v. i. 1. To go in pursuit; to follow.

    The wicked flee when no man pursueth.


Prov. xxviii. 1.

    Men hotly pursued after the objects of their ambition.


Earle.

2. To go on; to proceed, especially in argument or discourse; to
continue.

[A Gallicism]

    I have, pursues Carneades, wondered chemists should not consider.


Boyle.

3. (Law) To follow a matter judicially, as a complaining party; to act
as a prosecutor. Burrill.

Pur*su"er (?), n. 1. One who pursues or chases; one who follows in
haste, with a view to overtake.

2. (Eccl. & Scots Law) A plaintiff; a prosecutor.

Pur*suit" (?), n. [F. poursuite, fr. poursuivre. See Pursue, v. t.] 1.
The act of following or going after; esp., a following with haste,
either for sport or in hostility; chase; prosecution; as, the pursuit
of game; the pursuit of an enemy. Clarendon.

    Weak we are, and can not shun pursuit.


Shak.

2. A following with a view to reach, accomplish, or obtain; endeavor to
attain to or gain; as, the pursuit of knowledge; the pursuit of
happiness or pleasure.

3. Course of business or occupation; continued employment with a view
to same end; as, mercantile pursuits; a literary pursuit.

4. (Law) Prosecution. [Obs.]

    That pursuit for tithes ought, and of ancient time did pertain to
    the spiritual court.


Fuller.

Curve of pursuit (Geom.), a curve described by a point which is at each
instant moving towards a second point, which is itself moving according
to some specified law.

Pur"sui*vant (?), n. [F. poursuivant, fr. poursuivre. See Pursue, and
cf. Pursuant.] [Written also poursuivant.] 1. (Heralds' College) A
functionary of lower rank than a herald, but discharging similar
duties; -- called also pursuivant at arms; an attendant of the heralds.
Also used figuratively.

    The herald Hope, forerunning Fear, And Fear, the pursuivant of
    Hope.


Longfellow.

2. The king's messenger; a state messenger.

    One pursuivant who attempted to execute a warrant there was
    murdered.


Macaulay.

Pur"sui*vant, v. t. To pursue. [Obs. & R.]

    Their navy was pursuivanted after with a horrible tempest.


Fuller.

Pur"sy (?), a. [OF. pourcif, poulsif, poussif, fr. pousser to push,
thrust, heave, OF. also poulser: cf. F. pousse the heaves, asthma. See
Push.] Fat and short-breathed; fat, short, and thick; swelled with
pampering; as, pursy insolence. Shak.

    Pursy important he sat him down.


Sir W. Scot.

Pur"te*nance (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. appurtenance.] That which pertains or
belongs to something; esp., the heard, liver, and lungs of an animal.
[Obs.] " The purtenaunces of purgatory." Piers Plowman.

    Roast [it] with fire, his head with his legs, and with the
    purtenance [Rev. Ver., inwards] thereof.


Ex. xii. 9.

{ Pu"ru*lence (?), Pu"ru*len*cy (?), } n. [L. purulentia: cf. F.
purulence.] (Med.) The quality or state of being purulent; the
generation of pus; also, the pus itself. Arbuthnot.

Pu"ru*lent (?), a. [L. purulentus, fr. pus, puris, pus, matter: cf. F.
purulent. See Pus.] (Med.) Consisting of pus, or matter; partaking of
the nature of pus; attended with suppuration; as, purulent
inflammation.

Pu"ru*lent*ly, v. In a purulent manner.

{ Pur"ve*ance (?), Pur"vei*aunce` (?) }, n. Purveyance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pur*vey" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purveyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Purveying.] [OE. purveien, porveien, OF. porveeir, porveoir, F.
pourvoir, fr. L. providere. See Provide, and cf. Purview.] 1. To
furnish or provide, as with a convenience, provisions, or the like.

    Give no odds to your foes, but do purvey Yourself of sword before
    that bloody day.


Spenser.

2. To procure; to get.

    I mean to purvey me a wife after the fashion of the children of
    Benjamin.


Sir W. Scot.

Pur*vey", v. i. 1. To purchase provisions; to provide; to make
provision. Chaucer. Milton.

2. To pander; -- with to. " Their turpitude purveys to their malice."
[R.] Burke.

Pur*vey"ance (?), n. [Cf. F. pourvoyance.] 1. The act or process of
providing or procuring; providence; foresight; preparation; management.
Chaucer.

    The ill purveyance of his page.


Spenser.

2. That which is provided; provisions; food.

3. (Eng. Law) A providing necessaries for the sovereign by buying them
at an appraised value in preference to all others, and oven without the
owner's consent. This was formerly a royal prerogative, but has long
been abolished. Wharton.

Pur*vey"or (?), n. [OE. porveour, OF. pourveor, F. pourvoyeur. See
Purvey, and cf. Proveditor.] 1. One who provides victuals, or whose
business is to make provision for the table; a victualer; a caterer.

2. An officer who formerly provided, or exacted provision, for the
king's household. [Eng.]

3. a procurer; a pimp; a bawd. Addison.

Pur"view (?), n. [OF. purveu, pourveu, F. pourvu, provided, p. p. of
OF. porveoir, F. pourvoir. See Purvey, View, and cf. Proviso.] 1. (a)
(Law) The body of a statute, or that part which begins with " Be it
enacted, " as distinguished from the preamble. Cowell. (b) Hence: The
limit or scope of a statute; the whole extent of its intention or
provisions. Marshall.

    Profanations within the purview of several statutes.


Bacon.

2. Limit or sphere of authority; scope; extent.

    In determining the extent of information required in the exercise
    of a particular authority, recourse must be had to the objects
    within the purview of that authority.


Madison.

Pus (?), n. [L., akin to Gr. &?;, &?;, and to E. foul: cf. F. pus. See
Foul, a.] (Med.) The yellowish white opaque creamy matter produced by
the process of suppuration. It consists of innumerable white nucleated
cells floating in a clear liquid.

Pu"sane (?), n. (Anc. Armor) A piece of armor for the breast; often, an
addition to, or reÎnforcement of. the breastplate; -- called also
pesane.

Pu"sey*ism (?), n. (Ch. of Eng.) The principles of Dr. Pusey and others
at Oxford, England, as exhibited in various publications, esp. in a
series which appeared from 1833 to 1841, designated " Tracts for the
Times;" tractarianism. See Tractarianism.

{ Pu"sey*is"tic (?), Pu"sey*ite (?), } a. Of or pertaining to Puseyism.

Pu"sey*ite, n. One who holds the principles of Puseyism; -- often used
opprobriously.

Push (?), n. [Probably F. poche. See Pouch.] A pustule; a pimple. [Obs.
or Prov. Eng.] Bacon.

Push, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pushed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pushing.] [OE.
possen, pussen, F. pousser, fr. L. pulsare, v. intens. fr. pellere,
pulsum, to beat, knock, push. See Pulse a beating, and cf. Pursy.] 1.
To press against with force; to drive or impel by pressure; to endeavor
to drive by steady pressure, without striking; -- opposed to draw.

    Sidelong had pushed a mountain from his seat.


Milton.

2. To thrust the points of the horns against; to gore.

    If the ox shall push a manservant or maidservant, . . . the ox
    shall be stoned.


Ex. xxi. 32.

3. To press or urge forward; to drive; to push an objection too far. "
To push his fortune." Dryden.

    Ambition pushes the soul to such actions as are apt to procure
    honor to the actor.


Spectator.

    We are pushed for an answer.


Swift.

4. To bear hard upon; to perplex; to embarrass.

5. To importune; to press with solicitation; to tease.

To push down, to overthrow by pushing or impulse.

Push, v. i. 1. To make a thrust; to shove; as, to push with the horns
or with a sword. Shak.

2. To make an advance, attack, or effort; to be energetic; as, a man
must push in order to succeed.

    At the time of the end shall the kind of the south push at him and
    the king of the north shall come against him.


Dan. xi. 40.

    War seemed asleep for nine long years; at length Both sides
    resolved to push, we tried our strength.


Dryden.

3. To burst pot, as a bud or shoot.

To push on, to drive or urge forward; to hasten.

    The rider pushed on at a rapid pace.


Sir W. Scott.

Push, n. 1. A thrust with a pointed instrument, or with the end of a
thing.

2. Any thrust. pressure, impulse, or force, or force applied; a shove;
as, to give the ball the first push.

3. An assault or attack; an effort; an attempt; hence, the time or
occasion for action.

    Exact reformation is not perfected at the first push.


Milton.

    When it comes to the push, 'tis no more than talk.


L' Estrange.

4. The faculty of overcoming obstacles; aggressive energy; as, he has
push, or he has no push.

[Colloq.]

Syn. -- See Thrust.

Push"er (?), n. One who, or that which, pushes.

Push"ing, a. Pressing forward in business; enterprising; driving;
energetic; also, forward; officious, intrusive. -- Push"ing*ly, adv.

Push"pin` (?), n. A child's game played with pins. L. Estrange.

Pu"sil (?), a. [L. pusillus very little.] Very small; little; petty.
[Obs.] Bacon.

Pu`sil*la*nim"i*ty (?), n. [L. pusillanimitas: cf. F. pusillanimitÈ.]
The quality of being pusillanimous; weakness of spirit; cowardliness.

    The badge of pusillanimity and cowardice.


Shak.

    It is obvious to distinguished between an act of . . .
    pusillanimity and an act of great modesty or humility.


South.

Syn. -- Cowardliness; cowardice; fear; timidity.

Pu`sil*lan"i*mous (?), a. [L. pusillanimis; pusillus very little (dim.
of pusus a little boy; cf. puer a boy, E. puerile) + animus the mind:
cf. F. pusillanime. See Animosity.] 1. Destitute of a manly or
courageous strength and firmness of mind; of weak spirit; mean-
spirited; spiritless; cowardly; -- said of persons, as, a pusillanimous
prince.

<! p. 1167 !>

2. Evincing, or characterized by, weakness of mind, and want of
courage; feeble; as, pusillanimous counsels. "A low and pusillanimous
spirit." Burke.

Syn. -- Cowardly; dastardly; mean-spirited; fainthearted; timid; weak;
feeble.

Pu`sil*lan"i*mous*ly (p`sl*ln"*ms*l), adv. With pusillanimity.

Pus"ley (?), n. (Bot.) Purslane. [Colloq. U. S]

Puss (ps), n. [Cf. D. poes, Ir. & Gael. pus.] 1. A cat; - - a fondling
appellation.

2. A hare; -- so called by sportsmen.

Puss in the corner, a game in which all the players but one occupy
corners of a room, or certain goals in the open air, and exchange
places, the one without a corner endeavoring to get a corner while it
is vacant, leaving some other without one. -- Puss moth (Zoˆl.), any
one of several species of stout bombycid moths belonging to Cerura,
Harpyia, and allied genera, esp. Harpyia vinuli, of Europe. The larvÊ
are humpbacked, and have two caudal appendages.

Pussy (?), n. [Dim. of puss.] 1. A pet name for a cat; also, an
endearing name for a girl.

2. A catkin of the pussy willow.

3. The game of tipcat; -- also called pussy cat.

Pussy willow (Bot.), any kind of willow having large cylindrical
catkins clothed with long glossy hairs, especially the American Salix
discolor; -- called also glaucous willow, and swamp willow.

Pus"sy (?), a. See Pursy. [Colloq. or Low]

Pus"tu*lant (?; 135), a. [L. pustulans, p. pr. See Pustulate, v. t.]
(Med.) Producing pustules. -- n. A medicine that produces pustules, as
croton oil.

Pus"tu*lar (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to pustules; as, pustular
prominences; pustular eruptions.

2. Covered with pustulelike prominences; pustulate.

Pus"tu*late (?), v. t. [L. pustulatus, p. p. of pustulare to blister,
fr. pustula. See Pustule.] To form into pustules, or blisters.

{ Pus"tu*late (?), Pus"tu*la`ted (?), } a. Covered with pustulelike
prominences; pustular; pustulous; as, a pustulate leaf; a pustulate
shell or coral.

Pus*tu*la"tion (?), n. [L. pustulatio.] The act of producing pustules;
the state of being pustulated.

Pus"tule (?; 135), n. [L. pustula, and pusula: cf. F. pustule.] (Med.)
A vesicle or an elevation of the cuticle with an inflamed base,
containing pus.

Malignant pustule. See under Malignant.

Pus"tu*lous (?), a. [L. pustulosus, fr. pustula a pustule: cf. F.
pustuleux.] Resembling, or covered with, pustules; pustulate; pustular.

Put (?), n. [See Pit.] A pit. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Put, obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Put, contracted from putteth.
Chaucer.

Put (?), n. [Cf. W. pwt any short thing, pwt o ddyn a squab of a
person, pwtog a short, thick woman.] A rustic; a clown; an awkward or
uncouth person.

    Queer country puts extol Queen Bess's reign.


Bramston.

    What droll puts the citizens seem in it all.


F. Harrison.

Put (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Put; p. pr. & vb. n. Putting.] [AS. potian
to thrust: cf. Dan. putte to put, to put into, Fries. putje; perh. akin
to W. pwtio to butt, poke, thrust; cf. also Gael. put to push, thrust,
and E. potter, v. i.] 1. To move in any direction; to impel; to thrust;
to push; -- nearly obsolete, except with adverbs, as with by (to put by
= to thrust aside; to divert); or with forth (to put forth = to thrust
out).

    His chief designs are . . . to put thee by from thy spiritual
    employment.


Jer. Taylor.

2. To bring to a position or place; to place; to lay; to set;
figuratively, to cause to be or exist in a specified relation,
condition, or the like; to bring to a stated mental or moral condition;
as, to put one in fear; to put a theory in practice; to put an enemy to
fight.

    This present dignity, In which that I have put you.


Chaucer.

    I will put enmity between thee and the woman.


Gen. iii. 15.

    He put no trust in his servants.


Job iv. 18.

    When God into the hands of their deliverer Puts invincible might.


Milton.

    In the mean time other measures were put in operation.


Sparks.

3. To attach or attribute; to assign; as, to put a wrong construction
on an act or expression.

4. To lay down; to give up; to surrender. [Obs.]

    No man hath more love than this, that a man put his life for his
    friends.


Wyclif (John xv. 13).

5. To set before one for judgment, acceptance, or rejection; to bring
to the attention; to offer; to state; to express; figuratively, to
assume; to suppose; -- formerly sometimes followed by that introducing
a proposition; as, to put a question; to put a case.

    Let us now put that ye have leave.


Chaucer.

    Put the perception and you put the mind.


Berkeley.

    These verses, originally Greek, were put in Latin.


Milton.

    All this is ingeniously and ably put.


Hare.

6. To incite; to entice; to urge; to constrain; to oblige.

    These wretches put us upon all mischief.


Swift.

    Put me not use the carnal weapon in my own defense.


Sir W. Scott.

    Thank him who puts me, loath, to this revenge.


Milton.

7. To throw or cast with a pushing motion "overhand," the hand being
raised from the shoulder; a practice in athletics; as, to put the shot
or weight.

8. (Mining) To convey coal in the mine, as from the working to the
tramway. Raymond.

Put case, formerly, an elliptical expression for, put or suppose the
case to be.

    Put case that the soul after departure from the body may live.


Bp. Hall.

-- To put about (Naut.), to turn, or change the course of, as a ship.
-- To put away. (a) To renounce; to discard; to expel. (b) To divorce.
-- To put back. (a) To push or thrust backwards; hence, to hinder; to
delay. (b) To refuse; to deny.

    Coming from thee, I could not put him back.


Shak.

(c) To set, as the hands of a clock, to an earlier hour. (d) To restore
to the original place; to replace. -- To put by. (a) To turn, set, or
thrust, aside. "Smiling put the question by." Tennyson. (b) To lay
aside; to keep; to sore up; as, to put by money. -- To put down. (a) To
lay down; to deposit; to set down. (b) To lower; to diminish; as, to
put down prices. (c) To deprive of position or power; to put a stop to;
to suppress; to abolish; to confute; as, to put down rebellion or
traitors.

    Mark, how a plain tale shall put you down.


Shak.

    Sugar hath put down the use of honey.


Bacon.

(d) To subscribe; as, to put down one's name. -- To put forth. (a) To
thrust out; to extend, as the hand; to cause to come or push out; as, a
tree puts forth leaves. (b) To make manifest; to develop; also, to
bring into action; to exert; as, to put forth strength. (c) To propose,
as a question, a riddle, and the like. (d) To publish, as a book. -- To
put forward. (a) To advance to a position of prominence or
responsibility; to promote. (b) To cause to make progress; to aid. (c)
To set, as the hands of a clock, to a later hour. -- To put in. (a) To
introduce among others; to insert; sometimes, to introduce with
difficulty; as, to put in a word while others are discoursing. (b)
(Naut.) To conduct into a harbor, as a ship. (c) (Law) To place in due
form before a court; to place among the records of a court. Burrill.
(d) (Med.) To restore, as a dislocated part, to its place. -- To put
off. (a) To lay aside; to discard; as, to put off a robe; to put off
mortality. "Put off thy shoes from off thy feet." Ex. iii. 5. (b) To
turn aside; to elude; to disappoint; to frustrate; to baffle.

    I hoped for a demonstration, but Themistius hoped to put me off
    with an harangue.


Boyle.

    We might put him off with this answer.


Bentley.

(c) To delay; to defer; to postpone; as, to put off repentance. (d) To
get rid of; to dispose of; especially, to pass fraudulently; as, to put
off a counterfeit note, or an ingenious theory. (e) To push from land;
as, to put off a boat. -- To put on or upon. (a) To invest one's self
with, as clothes; to assume. "Mercury . . . put on the shape of a man."
L'Estrange. (b) To impute (something) to; to charge upon; as, to put
blame on or upon another. (c) To advance; to promote. [Obs.] "This came
handsomely to put on the peace." Bacon. (d) To impose; to inflict.
"That which thou puttest on me, will I bear." 2 Kings xviii. 14. (e) To
apply; as, to put on workmen; to put on steam. (f) To deceive; to
trick. "The stork found he was put upon." L'Estrange. (g) To place
upon, as a means or condition; as, he put him upon bread and water.
"This caution will put them upon considering." Locke. (h) (Law) To rest
upon; to submit to; as, a defendant puts himself on or upon the
country. Burrill. -- To put out. (a) To eject; as, to put out and
intruder. (b) To put forth; to shoot, as a bud, or sprout. (c) To
extinguish; as, to put out a candle, light, or fire. (d) To place at
interest; to loan; as, to put out funds. (e) To provoke, as by insult;
to displease; to vex; as, he was put out by my reply. [Colloq.] (f) To
protrude; to stretch forth; as, to put out the hand. (g) To publish; to
make public; as, to put out a pamphlet. (h) To confuse; to disconcert;
to interrupt; as, to put one out in reading or speaking. (i) (Law) To
open; as, to put out lights, that is, to open or cut windows. Burrill.
(j) (Med.) To place out of joint; to dislocate; as, to put out the
ankle. (k) To cause to cease playing, or to prevent from playing longer
in a certain inning, as in base ball. -- To put over. (a) To place
(some one) in authority over; as, to put a general over a division of
an army. (b) To refer.

    For the certain knowledge of that truth I put you o'er to heaven
    and to my mother.


Shak.

(c) To defer; to postpone; as, the court put over the cause to the next
term. (d) To transfer (a person or thing) across; as, to put one over
the river. -- To put the hand to or unto. (a) To take hold of, as of an
instrument of labor; as, to put the hand to the plow; hence, to engage
in (any task or affair); as, to put one's hand to the work. (b) To take
or seize, as in theft. "He hath not put his hand unto his neighbor's
goods." Ex. xxii. 11. -- To put through, to cause to go through all
conditions or stages of a progress; hence, to push to completion; to
accomplish; as, he put through a measure of legislation; he put through
a railroad enterprise. [U.S.] -- To put to. (a) To add; to unite; as,
to put one sum to another. (b) To refer to; to expose; as, to put the
safety of the state to hazard. "That dares not put it to the touch."
Montrose. (c) To attach (something) to; to harness beasts to. Dickens.
-- To put to a stand, to stop; to arrest by obstacles or difficulties.
-- To put to bed. (a) To undress and place in bed, as a child. (b) To
deliver in, or to make ready for, childbirth. -- To put to death, to
kill. -- To put together, to attach; to aggregate; to unite in one. --
To put this and that (or two and two) together, to draw an inference;
to form a correct conclusion. -- To put to it, to distress; to press
hard; to perplex; to give difficulty to. "O gentle lady, do not put me
to 't." Shak. -- To put to rights, to arrange in proper order; to
settle or compose rightly. -- To put to the sword, to kill with the
sword; to slay. -- To put to trial, or on trial, to bring to a test; to
try. -- To put trust in, to confide in; to repose confidence in. -- To
put up. (a) To pass unavenged; to overlook; not to punish or resent; to
put up with; as, to put up indignities. [Obs.] "Such national injuries
are not to be put up." Addison. (b) To send forth or upward; as, to put
up goods for sale. (d) To start from a cover, as game. "She has been
frightened; she has been put up." C. Kingsley. (e) To hoard. "Himself
never put up any of the rent." Spelman. (f) To lay side or preserve; to
pack away; to store; to pickle; as, to put up pork, beef, or fish. (g)
To place out of sight, or away; to put in its proper place; as, put up
that letter. Shak. (h) To incite; to instigate; -- followed by to; as,
he put the lad up to mischief. (i) To raise; to erect; to build; as, to
put up a tent, or a house. (j) To lodge; to entertain; as, to put up
travelers. -- To put up a job, to arrange a plot. [Slang]

Syn. -- To place; set; lay; cause; produce; propose; state. -- Put,
Lay, Place, Set. These words agree in the idea of fixing the position
of some object, and are often used interchangeably. To put is the least
definite, denoting merely to move to a place. To place has more
particular reference to the precise location, as to put with care in a
certain or proper place. To set or to lay may be used when there is
special reference to the position of the object.

Put (put; often pt in def. 3), v. i. 1. To go or move; as, when the air
first puts up. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. To steer; to direct one's course; to go.

    His fury thus appeased, he puts to land.


Dryden.

3. To play a card or a hand in the game called put.

To put about (Naut.), to change direction; to tack. -- To put back
(Naut.), to turn back; to return. "The French . . . had put back to
Toulon." Southey. -- To put forth. (a) To shoot, bud, or germinate.
"Take earth from under walls where nettles put forth." Bacon. (b) To
leave a port or haven, as a ship. Shak. -- To put in (Naut.), to enter
a harbor; to sail into port. -- To put in for. (a) To make a request or
claim; as, to put in for a share of profits. (b) To go into covert; --
said of a bird escaping from a hawk. (c) To offer one's self; to stand
as a candidate for. Locke. -- To put off, to go away; to depart; esp.,
to leave land, as a ship; to move from the shore. -- To put on, to
hasten motion; to drive vehemently. -- To put over (Naut.), to sail
over or across. -- To put to sea (Naut.), to set sail; to begin a
voyage; to advance into the ocean. -- To put up. (a) To take lodgings;
to lodge. (b) To offer one's self as a candidate. L'Estrange. -- To put
up to, to advance to. [Obs.] "With this he put up to my lord." Swift.
-- To put up with. (a) To overlook, or suffer without recompense,
punishment, or resentment; as, to put up with an injury or affront. (b)
To take without opposition or expressed dissatisfaction; to endure; as,
to put up with bad fare.

Put (?), n. 1. The act of putting; an action; a movement; a thrust; a
push; as, the put of a ball. "A forced put." L'Estrange.

2. A certain game at cards. Young.

3. A privilege which one party buys of another to "put" (deliver) to
him a certain amount of stock, grain, etc., at a certain price and
date. [Brokers' Cant]

    A put and a call may be combined in one instrument, the holder of
    which may either buy or sell as he chooses at the fixed price.


Johnson's Cyc.

Put (?), n. [OF. pute.] A prostitute. [Obs.]

Pu"tage (?; 48), n. [OF. putage.] Prostitution or fornication on the
part of a woman.

||Pu*ta"men (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) The shell of a nut; the stone of a
||drupe fruit. See Endocarp.

Pu"tan*ism (?), n. [F. putanisme, fr. putain harlot.] Habitual lewdness
or prostitution of a woman; harlotry.

Pu"ta*tive (?), a. [L. putativus, fr. putare, putatum, to reckon,
suppose, adjust, prune, cleanse. See Pure, and cf. Amputate, Compute,
Dispute, Impute.] Commonly thought or deemed; supposed; reputed; as,
the putative father of a child. "His other putative (I dare not say
feigned) friends." E. Hall.

    Thus things indifferent, being esteemed useful or pious, became
    customary, and then came for reverence into a putative and usurped
    authority.


Jer. Taylor.

Put*chuck" (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Pachak.

||Pu"te*al (?), n. [L., fr. puteus well.] (Arch.) An inclosure
||surrounding a well to prevent persons from falling into it; a well
||curb. Weale.

||Put"e*li (?), n. Same as Patela.

Pu"ter*y, n. [OF. puterie.] Putage. [Obs.]

Pu"tid (?), a. [L. putidus: cf. F. putide. Cf. Putrid.] Rotten; fetid;
stinking; base; worthless. Jer. Taylor. "Thy putid muse." Dr. H. More.

{ Pu*tid"i*ty (?), Pu"tid*ness (?), } n. The quality or state of being
putrid.

Put"log` (?; 277), n. (Arch.) One of the short pieces of timber on
which the planks forming the floor of a scaffold are laid, -- one end
resting on the ledger of the scaffold, and the other in a hole left in
the wall temporarily for the purpose. Oxf. Gloss.

Put"-off` (?; 115), n. A shift for evasion or delay; an evasion; an
excuse. L'Estrange.

Pu"tour (?), n. [See Put a prostitute.] A keeper of a brothel; a
procurer. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Pu*tred"i*nous (?), a. [L. putredo rottenness, fr. putrere to be
rotten. See Putrid.] Proceeding from putrefaction, or partaking of the
putrefactive process; having an offensive smell; stinking; rotten.

Pu`tre*fac"tion (?), n. [L. putrefactio: cf. F. putrÈfaction. See
Putrefy.] 1. The act or the process of putrefying; the offensive decay
of albuminous or other matter.

Putrefaction is a complex phenomenon involving a multiplicity of
chemical reactions, always accompanied by, and without doubt caused by,
bacteria and vibriones; hence, putrefaction is a form of fermentation,
and is sometimes called putrefaction fermentative. Putrefaction is not
possible under conditions that preclude the development of living
organisms. Many of the products of putrefaction are powerful poisons,
and are called cadaveric poisons, or ptomaÔnes.

2. The condition of being putrefied; also, that which putrefied.
"Putrefaction's breath." Shelley.

Pu`tre*fac"tive (?), a. [Cf. putrÈfactif. See Putrefy.] 1. Of or
pertaining to putrefaction; as, the putrefactive smell or process.
Wiseman.

2. Causing, or tending to promote, putrefaction.

-- Pu``tre*fac"tive*ness, n.

Pu"tre*fy (?), v. t. [Written also putrify.] [imp. & p. p. Putrefied
(&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Putrefying (&?;).] [F. putrÈfier; L. putrere to
be rotten + - ficare (in. comp.) to make; cf. L. putrefacere. See
Putrid, and -fy.] 1. To render putrid; to cause to decay offensively;
to cause to be decomposed; to cause to rot.

2. To corrupt; to make foul.

    Private suits do putrefy the public good.


Bacon.

    They would but stink, and putrefy the air.


Shak.

3. To make morbid, carious, or gangrenous; as, to putrefy an ulcer or
wound.

Pu"tre*fy, v. i. To become putrid; to decay offensively; to rot. Isa.
1. 6.

Pu*tres"cence (?), n. The state of being putrescent; putrescent matter.

<! p. 1168 !>

Pu*tres"cent (?), a. [L. putrescens, p. pr.of putrescere to grow
rotten, v. incho. fr. putrere to be rotten. See Putrid.] 1. Becoming
putrid or rotten.

    Externally powerful, although putrescent at the core.


Motley.

2. Of or pertaining to the process of putrefaction; as, a putrescent
smell.

Pu*tres"ci*ble (?), a. Capable of putrefaction; liable to become
putrid; as, putrescible substances.

Pu*tres"ci*ble, n. A substance, usually nitrogenous, which is liable to
undergo decomposition when in contact with air and moisture at ordinary
temperatures.

Pu*tres"cin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A nontoxic diamine, C4H12N2,
formed in the putrefaction of the flesh of mammals and some other
animals.

Pu"trid (?), a. [L. putridus, fr. putrere to be rotten, fr. puter, or
putris, rotten, fr. putere to stink, to be rotten: cf. F. putride. See
Pus, Foul, a.] 1. Tending to decomposition or decay; decomposed;
rotten; -- said of animal or vegetable matter; as, putrid flesh. See
Putrefaction.

2. Indicating or proceeding from a decayed state of animal or vegetable
matter; as, a putrid smell.

Putrid fever (Med.), typhus fever; -- so called from the decomposing
and offensive state of the discharges and diseased textures of the
body. -- Putrid sore throat (Med.), a gangrenous inflammation of the
fauces and pharynx.

Pu*trid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. putriditÈ.] The quality of being putrid;
putrefaction; rottenness.

Pu"trid*ness (?), n. Putridity. Floyer.

Pu"tri*fac`ted (?), a. [See Putrefy.] Putrefied. [Obs.]

    What vermin bred of putrifacted slime.


Marston.

Pu`tri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. Putrefaction.

Pu"tri*fy (?), v. t. & i. To putrefy.

Pu"tri*lage (?), n. [F. putrilage, L. putrilago putrefaction.] That
which is undergoing putrefaction; the products of putrefaction.

Pu"try (?), a. Putrid. [Obs.] Marston.

Pu"try, n. Putage. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Put"ter (?), n. 1. One who puts or plates.

2. Specifically, one who pushes the small wagons in a coal mine, and
the like. [Prov. Eng.]

Put"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puttered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Puttering.] [See Potter.] To act inefficiently or idly; to trifle; to
potter.

Put"ter-on` (?), n. An instigator. Shak.

Put"ti*er (?), n. One who putties; a glazier.

Put"ting (?), n. The throwing of a heavy stone, shot, etc., with the
hand raised or extended from the shoulder; -- originally, a Scottish
game.

Putting stone, a heavy stone used in the game of putting.

Put"tock (?), n. [Cf. Pout a young bird, Poult.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The
European kite. (b) The buzzard. (c) The marsh harrier. [Prov. Eng.]

Put"tock, n. (Naut.) See Futtock. [Obs.]

Put"ty (?), n. [F. potÈe, fr. pot pot; what was formerly called putty
being a substance resembling what is now called putty powder, and in
part made of the metal of old pots. See Pot.] A kind of thick paste or
cement compounded of whiting, or soft carbonate of lime, and linseed
oil, when applied beaten or kneaded to the consistence of dough, --
used in fastening glass in sashes, stopping crevices, and for similar
purposes.

Putty powder, an oxide of tin, or of tin and lead in various
proportions, much used in polishing glass, metal, precious stones, etc.

Put"ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Puttied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puttying.] To
cement, or stop, with putty.

Put"ty-faced` (?), a. White-faced; -- used contemptuously. Clarke.

Put"ty*root` (?), n. (Bot.) An American orchidaceous plant (Aplectrum
hyemale) which flowers in early summer. Its slender naked rootstock
produces each year a solid corm, filled with exceedingly glutinous
matter, which sends up later a single large oval evergreen plaited
leaf. Called also Adam-and-Eve.

Put"-up (?), a. Arranged; plotted; -- in a bad sense; as, a put-up job.
[Colloq.]

Pu"y (?), n. See Poy.

Puz"zel (?), n. [Cf. F. pucelle a virgin.] A harlot; a drab; a hussy.
[Obs.] Shak.

Puz"zle (?), n. [For opposal, in the sense of problem. See Oppose,
Pose, v.] 1. Something which perplexes or embarrasses; especially, a
toy or a problem contrived for testing ingenuity; also, something
exhibiting marvelous skill in making.

2. The state of being puzzled; perplexity; as, to be in a puzzle.

Puz"zle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Puzzled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puzzling
(?).] 1. To perplex; to confuse; to embarrass; to put to a stand; to
nonplus.

    A very shrewd disputant in those points is dexterous in puzzling
    others.


Dr. H. More.

    He is perpetually puzzled and perplexed amidst his own blunders.


Addison.

2. To make intricate; to entangle.

    They disentangle from the puzzled skein.


Cowper.

    The ways of Heaven are dark and intricate, Puzzled in mazes, and
    perplexed with error.


Addison.

3. To solve by ingenuity, as a puzzle; -- followed by out; as, to
puzzle out a mystery.

Syn. -- To embarrass; perplex; confuse; bewilder; confound. See
Embarrass.

Puz"zle, v. i. 1. To be bewildered, or perplexed.

    A puzzling fool, that heeds nothing.


L'Estrange.

2. To work, as at a puzzle; as, to puzzle over a problem.

Puz"zle*dom (?), n. The domain of puzzles; puzzles, collectively. C.
Kingsley.

Puz"zle-head`ed (?), a. Having the head full of confused notions.
Johnson.

Puz"zle*ment (?), n. The state of being puzzled; perplexity. Miss
Mitford.

Puz"zler (?), n. One who, or that which, puzzles or perplexes.

    Hebrew, the general puzzler of old heads.


Brome.

Puz"zling*ly (?), adv. In a puzzling manner.

{ Puz"zo*lan (?), Puz`zo*la"na (?), } n. See Pozzuolana.

||Py*Ê"mi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; pus + &?; blood.] (Med.) A form
||of blood poisoning produced by the absorption into the blood of
||morbid matters usually originating in a wound or local inflammation.
||It is characterized by the development of multiple abscesses
||throughout the body, and is attended with irregularly recurring
||chills, fever, profuse sweating, and exhaustion.

Py*Ê"mic (?), a. Of or pertaining to pyÊmia; of the nature of pyÊmia.

Pyc`nas*pid"e*an (?), a. [Gr. &?; thick, crowded + &?;, &?;, a shield.]
(Zoˆl.) Having the posterior side of the tarsus covered with small
irregular scales; -- said of certain birds.

||Pyc*nid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pycnidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; crowded.]
||(Bot.) In certain fungi, a flask-shaped cavity from the surface of
||the inner walls of which spores are produced.

Pyc"nite (?), n. [Gr. &?; thick.] (Min.) A massive subcolumnar variety
of topaz.

Pyc"no*dont (?), n. [Gr. &?; thick, crowded + &?;, &?;, a tooth.]
(Paleon.) Any fossil fish belonging to the Pycnodontini. They have
numerous round, flat teeth, adapted for crushing.

||Pyc`no*don"ti*ni (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) An extinct order of ganoid
||fishes. They had a compressed body, covered with dermal ribs
||(pleurolepida) and with enameled rhomboidal scales.

Pyc*nog"o*nid (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Pycnogonida.

||Pyc`no*gon"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; thick crowded + &?;
||knee.] (Zoˆl.) A class of marine arthropods in which the body is
||small and thin, and the eight legs usually very long; -- called also
||Pantopoda.

The abdomen is rudimentary, and the triangular mouth is at the end of a
tubular proboscis. Many of them live at great depths in the sea, and
the largest of them measure two feet across the extended legs.

Pyc*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; dense, compact + -meter.] (Physics) A
specific gravity bottle; a standard flask for measuring and comparing
the densities of liquids. [Also written pyknometer.]

Pyc"no*style (?), a. [Gr. &?; with the pillars close together; &?;
close + &?; a column, pillar: cf. F. pycnostyle.] (Anc. Arch.) See
under Intercolumniation. -n. A pycnostyle colonnade.

Pye (?), n. See 2d Pie (b).

Pye"bald` (?), a. See Piebald.

||Py`e*li"tis (?). n. [Gr. basin + - itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the
||pelvis of the kidney.

Py*e"mi*a (?), n. (Med.) See Py∆mia.

Py"et (?), n. A magpie; a piet. [Prov. Eng.]

    Here cometh the worthy prelate as pert as a pyet.


Sir W. Scott.

Py"gal (?), a. [Gr. &?; the rump.] (Anat.) Situated in the region of
the rump, or posterior end of the backbone; -- applied especially to
the posterior median plates in the carapace of chelonians.

{ Py"garg (?), ||Py*gar"gus (?), }[L. pygargus, Gr. &?;, literally,
white rump; &?; the rump + white: cf. F. pygargue.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A
quadruped, probably the addax, an antelope having a white rump. Deut.
xiv. 5.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) The female of the hen harrier. (b) The sea eagle.

||Py*gid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pygidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. of &?;
||the rump.] (Zoˆl.) The caudal plate of trilobites, crustacean, and
||certain insects. See Illust. of Limulus and Trilobite.

{ Pyg"my (?), Pyg*me"an (?), } a. [L. pygmaeus. See Pygmy.] Of or
pertaining to a pygmy; resembling a pygmy or dwarf; dwarfish; very
small. " Like that Pygmean race." Milton.

Pygmy antelope (Zoˆl.), the kleeneboc. -- Pygmy goose (Zoˆl.), any
species of very small geese of the genus Nettapus, native of Africa,
India, and Australia. -- Pygmy owl (Zoˆl.), the gnome. -- Pygmy parrot
(Zoˆl.), any one of several species of very small green parrots
(NasiternÊ), native of New Guinea and adjacent islands. They are not
larger than sparrows.

Pyg"my, n.; pl. Pygmies (#). [L. pygmaeus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the fist, a
measure of length, the distance from the elbow to the knuckles, about
131 inches. Cf. Pugnacious, Fist.] [Written also pigmy.] 1. (Class.
Myth.) One of a fabulous race of dwarfs who waged war with the cranes,
and were destroyed.

2. Hence, a short, insignificant person; a dwarf.

    Pygmies are pygmies still, though perched on Alps. And pyramids are
    pyramids in vales.


Young.

||Py`go*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. pugh` the rump + &?; a
||gill.] (Zoˆl.) A division of opisthobranchiate mollusks having the
||branchiÊ in a wreath or group around the anal opening, as in the
||genus Doris.

Py"go*pod (?), n. [Gr. pygh` rump + -pod.]

1. (Zoˆl.) One of the Pygopodes.

2. (Zoˆl.) Any species of serpentiform lizards of the family
PygopodidÊ, which have rudimentary hind legs near the anal cleft, but
lack fore legs.

||Py*gop"o*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A division of swimming birds
||which includes the grebes, divers, auks, etc., in which the legs are
||placed far back.

Py*gop"o*dous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Pygopodes.

Py"go*style (?), n. [Gr. pygh` the rump + &?; a pillar.] (Anat.) The
plate of bone which forms the posterior end of the vertebral column in
most birds; the plowshare bone; the vomer. It is formed by the union of
a number of the last caudal vertebrÊ, and supports the uropigium.

Py"in (?), n. [Gr. &?; pus.] (Physiol. (Chem.) An albuminoid
constituent of pus, related to mucin, possibly a mixture of substances
rather than a single body.

||Py*ja"ma (?), n. [Hind. pe- jma, literally, leg clothing.] In India
||and Persia, thin loose trowsers or drawers; in Europe and America,
||drawers worn at night, or a kind of nightdress with legs. [Written
||also paijama.]

Pyk"ar (?), n. An ancient English fishing boat.

||Py"la n.; pl. L. PylÊ (#), E. Pylas (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; an
||entrance.] (Anat.) The passage between the iter and optocúle in the
||brain. B. G. Wilder.

Pyl"a*gore (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; PylÊ, or ThermopylÊ, where the
Amphictyonic council met + &?; to assemble: cf. F. pylagore.] (Gr.
Antiq.) a deputy of a State at the Amphictyonic council.

||Py*lan"gi*um (?), n.; pl. Pylangia (&?;). [NL., from Gr. &?; an
||entrance + &?; a vessel.] (Anat.) The first and undivided part of the
||aortic trunk in the amphibian heart. -- Py*lan"gi*al (#), a.

||Py"lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a gateway.] (a) A low tower, having
||a truncated pyramidal form, and flanking an ancient Egyptian gateway.

    Massive pylons adorned with obelisks in front.


J. W. Draper.

(b) An Egyptian gateway to a large building (with or without flanking
towers).

Py*lor"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pylorique.] (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or in
the region of, the pylorus; as, the pyloric end of the stomach.

||Py*lo"rus (?), n.; pl. Pylori (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; pylorus, gate
||keeper; &?; a gate + &?; watcher, guardian.] (Anat.) (a) The opening
||from the stomach into the intestine. (b) A posterior division of the
||stomach in some invertebrates.

Pyne (?), n. & v. See Pine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Py*noun" (?), n. A pennant. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Py`o*cy"a*nin (?), n. [Gr. &?; pus + &?; dark blue.] (Physiol. (Chem.)
A blue coloring matter found in the pus from old sores, supposed to be
formed through the agency of a species of bacterium (Bacillus
pyocyaneus).

Py`o*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; pus + root of &?; to be born.] (Med.)
Producing or generating pus.

Py"oid (?), a. [Gr. &?; pus + -- oid.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to pus;
of the nature of, or like, pus.

Pyoid corpuscles (Med.), cells of a size larger than pus corpuscles,
containing two or more of the latter.

Py`op*neu`mo*tho"rax (?), n. [Gr. &?; pus + E. pneumothorax.] (Med.)
Accumulation of air, or other gas, and of pus, in the pleural cavity.

Py"ot (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The magpie. See Piet.

Py`o*xan"those (?), n. [Gr. &?; pus + &?; yellow.] (Physiol. (Chem.) A
greenish yellow crystalline coloring matter found with pyocyanin in
pus.

Pyr"a*canth (?), n. [Gr. &?; fire + &?; a thorn, prickly plant.] (Bot.)
The evergreen thorn (CratÊgus Pyracantha), a shrub native of Europe.

Py"ral (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pyre. [R.]

Pyr"a*lid (?), n. [L. pyralis, -idis, a kind of winged insect.] (Zoˆl.)
Any moth of the family PyralidÊ. The species are numerous and mostly
small, but some of them are very injurious, as the bee moth, meal moth,
hop moth, and clover moth.

Pyr"a*mid (?), n. [L. pyramis, -idis, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, of Egyptian
origin: cf. F. pyramide.]

1. A solid body standing on a triangular, square, or polygonal base,
and terminating in a point at the top; especially, a structure or
edifice of this shape.

2. (Geom.) A solid figure contained by a plane rectilineal figure as
base and several triangles which have a common vertex and whose bases
are sides of the base.

3. pl. (Billiards) The game of pool in which the balls are placed in
the form of a triangle at spot. [Eng.]

Altitude of a pyramid (Geom.), the perpendicular distance from the
vertex to the plane of the base. -- Axis of a pyramid (Geom.), a
straight line drawn from the vertex to the center of the base. -- Earth
pyramid. (Geol.) See Earth pillars, under Earth. -- Right pyramid
(Geom.) a pyramid whose axis is perpendicular to the base.

Py*ram`i*dal (?), a. [Cf. F. pyramidal.]

1. Of or pertaining to a pyramid; in the form of a a pyramid;
pyramidical; as, pyramidal cleavage.

    The mystic obelisks stand up Triangular, pyramidal.


Mrs. Browning.

<! p. 1169 !>

2. (Crystallog.) Same as Tetragonal.

Pyramidal numbers (Math.), certain series of figurate numbers
expressing the number of balls or points that may be arranged in the
form of pyramids. Thus 1, 4, 10, 20, 35, etc., are triangular pyramidal
numbers; and 1, 5, 14, 30, 55, etc., are square pyramidal numbers.

Py*ram"i*dal (?), n. (Anat.) One of the carpal bones. See Cuneiform,
n., 2 (b).

Py*ram"i*dal*ly, adv. Like a pyramid.

{ Pyr`a*mid"ic (?), Pyr`a*mid"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to a
pyramid; having the form of a pyramid; pyramidal. " A pyramidical
rock." Goldsmith. "Gold in pyramidic plenty piled." Shenstone. --
Pyr`a*mid"ic*al*ly, adv. Pyr`a*mild"ic*al*ness, n.

||Pyr`a*mid"i*on (?), n.; pl. Pyramidia (#). [NL., from L. pyramis. See
||Pyramid.] The small pyramid which crowns or completes an obelisk.

Py*ram"i*doid (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, pyramid + -id: cf. F.
pyramidoÔde.] A solid resembling a pyramid; -- called also pyramoid.
Barlow.

||Pyr"a*mis (?), n.; pl. Pyramides (#). [L.] A pyramid.

Pyr"a*moid (?), n. See Pyramidoid.

Py*rar"gy*rite (?), n. [Gr. &?; fire + &?; silver.] (Min.) Ruby silver;
dark red silver ore. It is a sulphide of antimony and silver, occurring
in rhombohedral crystals or massive, and is of a dark red or black
color with a metallic adamantine luster.

Pyre (?), n. [L. pure, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; fire. See Fire.] A funeral
pile; a combustible heap on which the dead are burned; hence, any pile
to be burnt.

    For nine long nights, through all the dusky air, The pyres thick
    flaming shot a dismal glare.


Pope.

||Py*re"na (?), n.; pl. PyrenÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, the stone of
||fruit.] (Bot.) A nutlet resembling a seed, or the kernel of a drupe.
||Gray.

Py"rene (?), n. [Gr. &?; fire.] (Chem.) One of the less volatile
hydrocarbons of coal tar, obtained as a white crystalline substance,
C16H10.

Py"rene, n. (Bot.) Same as Pyrena.

Pyr`e*ne"an (?), a. [L. Pyrenaei (sc. montes) the Pyrenees, fr. Pyrene,
Gr.&?; a daughter of Bebryx, beloved by Hercules, and buried upon these
mountains.] Of or pertaining to the Pyrenees, a range of mountains
separating France and Spain. -- n. The Pyrenees. Shak.

Py*re"noid (?), n. [Gr. &?; like a kernel. See Pyrena, and -oid.]
(Zoˆl.) A transparent body found in the chromatophores of certain
Infusoria.

Pyr"eth*rin (?), n. [NL. Pyrethrum, generic name of feverfew, Gr. &?;
feverfew.] (Chem.) A substance resembling, and isomeric with, ordinary
camphor, and extracted from the essential oil of feverfew; -- called
also Pyrethrum camphor.

Pyr"eth*rine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from the root of the
pellitory of Spain (Anacyclus pyrethrum).

Py*ret"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; burning heat, fever, from &?; fire: cf. F.
pyrÈtique.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to fever; febrile.

Pyr`e*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; fever + -logy: cf. F. pyrÈtologie.]
(Med.) A discourse or treatise on fevers; the doctrine of fevers.
Hooper.

||Py*rex"i*a (?), n.; pl. PyrexiÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to be
||feverish, akin to &?; fever.] (Med.) The febrile condition.

{ Py*rex"i*al (?), Py*rex"ic*al (?), } a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to
fever; feverish.

Pyr"gom (?), n. [Gr. &?; a place furnished with towers, fr. &?; a
tower.] (Min.) A variety of pyroxene; -- called also fassaite.

Pyr*he`li*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; fire + &?; sun + -meter.] (Physics)
An instrument for measuring the direct heating effect of the sun's
rays.

Py*rid"ic (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Related to, or formed from, pyridin
or its homologues; as, the pyridic bases.

Pyr"i*dine (?), n. [From Gr. &?; fire.] (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous
base, C5H5N, obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar,
and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid
with a peculiar pungent odor. It is the nucleus of a large number of
organic substances, among which several vegetable alkaloids, as
nicotine and certain of the ptomaÔnes, may be mentioned. See Lutidine.

Pyr"i*dyl (?), n. [Pyridine + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical,
C5H4N, regarded as the essential residue of pyridine, and analogous to
phenyl.

Pyr"i*form (?), a. [L. pyrum, pirum, a pear + -form: cf. F. pyriforme,
piriforme.] Having the form of a pear; pear- shaped.

Pyr`i*ta"ceous (?), a. (Min.) Of or pertaining to pyrites. See Pyritic.

Pyr"ite (?), n.; pl. Pyrites (#). [Cf. F. pyrite. See Pyrites.] (Min.)
A common mineral of a pale brass- yellow color and brilliant metallic
luster, crystallizing in the isometric system; iron pyrites; iron
disulphide.

    Hence sable coal his massy couch extends, And stars of gold the
    sparkling pyrite blends.


E. Darwin.

Py*ri"tes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; fire. See Pyre.] (Min.) A
name given to a number of metallic minerals, sulphides of iron, copper,
cobalt, nickel, and tin, of a white or yellowish color.

The term was originally applied to the mineral pyrite, or iron pyrites,
in allusion to its giving sparks when struck with steel.

Arsenical pyrites, arsenopyrite. -- Auriferous pyrites. See under
Auriferous. -- Capillary pyrites, millerite. -- Common pyrites,
isometric iron disulphide; pyrite. -- Hair pyrites, millerite. -- Iron
pyrites. See Pyrite. -- Magnetic pyrites, pyrrhotite. -- Tin pyrites,
stannite. -- White iron pyrites, orthorhombic iron disulphide;
marcasite. This includes cockscomb pyrites (a variety of marcasite,
named in allusion to its form), spear pyrites, etc. -- Yellow, or
Copper, pyrites, the sulphide of copper and iron; chalcopyrite.

{ Py*rit"ic (?), Py*rit"ic*al (?), } a. (Min.) Of or pertaining to
pyrites; consisting of, or resembling, pyrites.

Pyr`i*tif"er*ous (?), a. [Pyrites + -ferous.] (Min.) Containing or
producing pyrites.

Pyr"i*tize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. pyritiser.] To convert into pyrites.

Pyr`i*to*he"dral (?), a. [See Pyritohedron.] (Crystallog.) Like pyrites
in hemihedral form.

Pyr`i*to*he"dron (?), n. [Pyrite + Gr. &?; base.] (Crystallog.) The
pentagonal dodecahedron, a common form of pyrite.

Pyr"i*toid (?), n. [Pyrite + - oid.] (Crystallog.) Pyritohedron. [R.]

Pyr`i*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; of fire + -logy.] The science of
blowpipe analysis.

Pyr"i*tous (?), a. Pyritic.

{ Pyro-, Pyr- }. [Gr. &?;, &?;, fire.] Combining forms designating fire
or heat; specifically (Chem.), used to imply an actual or theoretical
derivative by the action of heat; as in pyrophosphoric, pyrosulphuric,
pyrotartaric, pyrotungstic, etc.

Py"ro (?), n. (Photog.) Abbreviation of pyrogallic acid. [Colloq.]

Pyr`o*a*ce"tic (?), a. [Pyro- + acetic: cf. F. pyroacÈtique.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, and designating, a substance (acetone) obtained by the
distillation of the acetates. It is now called also pyroacetic ether,
and formerly was called pyroacetic spirit.

Pyr`o*ac"id (?), n. [Pyro- + acid.] (Chem.) An acid obtained by
sybjecting another acid to the action of heat. Cf. Pyro-.

Pyr`o*an`ti*mo"nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyroantimonic acid.

Pyr`o*an`ti*mon"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + antimonic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or designating, an acid of antimony analogous to pyrophosphoric acid.

Pyr`o*ar"se*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyroarsenic acid.

Pyr`o*ar*sen"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + arsenic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to or
designating, an acid of arsenic analogous to pyrophosphoric acid.

Pyr`o*bo"rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyroboric acid.

Pyr`o*bo"ric (?), a. [Pyro- + boric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to derived
from, or designating, an acid, H2B4O7 (called also tetraboric acid),
which is the acid ingredient of ordinary borax, and is obtained by
heating boric acid.

Pyr`o*cat"e*chin (?), n. [Pyro- + catechu.] (Chem.) A white crystalline
substance, C6H4(OH)2, of the phenol series, found in various plants; --
so called because first obtained by distillation of gum catechu. Called
also catechol, oxyphenol. etc.

Pyr"o*chlore (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; pale green.] (Min.) A niobate of
calcium, cerium, and other bases, occurring usually in octahedrons of a
yellowish or brownish color and resinous luster; -- so called from its
becoming grass-green on being subjected to heat under the blowpipe.

Pyr`o*cit"ric (?), a. [Pyro- + citric: cf. F. pyrocitrique.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, any one of three acids obtained by the
distillation of citric acid, and called respectively citraconic,
itaconic, and mesaconic acid.

Pyr"o*coll (pr"*kl), n. [Puro- + Gr. ko`lla glue.] (Chem.) A yellow
crystalline substance allied to pyrrol, obtained by the distillation of
gelatin.

Pyr`o*e*lec"tric (?), a. [Pyro- + electric.] (Physics) Pertaining to,
or dependent on, pyroelectricity; receiving electric polarity when
heated.

Pyr`o*e*lec"tric, n. (Physics) A substance which becomes electrically
polar when heated, exhibiting opposite charges of statical electricity
at two separate parts, especially the two extremities.

Pyr`o*e`lec*tric"i*ty (?), n. (Physics) Electricity developed by means
of heat; the science which treats of electricity thus developed.

Pyr`o*gal"late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrogallic acid; an ether of
pyrogallol.

Pyr`o*gal"lic (?), a. [Pyro- + gallic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived
from, or designating, an acid called pyrogallol. See Pyrogallol.

Pyr`o*gal"lol (?), n. [Pyrogallic + -ol.] (Chem.) A phenol metameric
with phloroglucin, obtained by the distillation of gallic acid as a
poisonous white crystalline substance having acid properties, and hence
called also pyrogallic acid. It is a strong reducer, and is used as a
developer in photography and in the production of certain dyes.

Pyr"o*gen (?), n. [See Pyrogenous.] 1. Electricity. [R.]

2. (Physiol. Chem.) A poison separable from decomposed meat infusions,
and supposed to be formed from albuminous matter through the agency of
bacteria.

Pyr`o*gen"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + -gen + -ic.] (Physiol.) Producing heat;
-- said of substances, as septic poisons, which elevate the temperature
of the body and cause fever.

Py*rog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; fire + genous: cf. F. purogËne, Gr.
&?;.] Produced by fire; igneous. Mantell. .

Pyr`og*nos"tic (?), a. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; to know.] (Min.) Of or
pertaining to characters developed by the use of heat; pertaining to
the characters of minerals when examined before the blowpipe; as, the
pyrognostic characters of galena.

Pyr`og*nos"tics (?), n. pl. (Min.) The characters of a mineral observed
by the use of the blowpipe, as the degree of fusibility, flame
coloration, etc.

Py*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Pyro- + -graphy.] A process of printing,
ornamenting, or carving, by burning with heated instruments.

Py*rol"a*tor (?), n. [See Pyrolatry.] A fire worshiper. [R.] Southey.

Py*rol"a*try (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; worship: cf. F. pyrol‚trie.] The
worship of fire. Young.

{ Pyr`o*lig"ne*ous (?), Pyr`o*lig"nic (?), } a. [Pyro-+ L. lignum wood:
cf. F. pyroligneux.] (Old Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, the
acid liquid obtained in the distillation of wood, consisting
essentially of impure acetic acid.

Pyr`o*lig"nous (?), a. Same as Pyroligneous.

Pyr`o*lith"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + lithic.] (Old Chem.) Same as Pyrouric,
or Cyanuric.

Py*rol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in, or makes a study of,
pyrology.

Py*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Pyro- + - logy: cf. F. pyrologie.] That branch of
physical science which treats of the properties, phenomena, or effects
of heat; also, a treatise on heat.

Pyr`o*lu"site (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; to loose, or &?; a loosing.]
(Min.) Manganese dioxide, a mineral of an iron-black or dark steel-gray
color and metallic luster, usually soft. Pyrolusite parts with its
oxygen at a red heat, and is extensively used in discharging the brown
and green tints of glass (whence its name).

Pyr`o*mag*net"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + magnetic.] (Physics) Acting by the
agency of heat and magnetism; as, a pyromagnetic machine for producing
electric currents.

Pyr`o*ma"late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyromalic acid. [Obs.]

Pyr`o*ma"lic (?), a. [Pyro- + malic.] (Old Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an acid now called maleic acid.

Pyr"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; fire + &?; divination: cf. F.
pyromancie.] Divination by means of fire.

Pyr"o*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Pyro- + mania.] An insane disposition to
incendiarism.

Pyr"o*man"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to pyromancy.

Pyr`o*man"tic, n. [Cf. Gr. &?;.] One who pretends to divine by fire.
Sir T. Herbert.

Py*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Pyro- + -meter: cf. F. pyromËtre.] 1. (Physics)
An instrument used for measuring the expansion of solid bodies by heat.

2. (Physics) An instrument for measuring degrees of heat above those
indicated by the mercurial thermometer.

It is usually constructed so as to register the change which the heat
to be measured produces in the length of some expansible substance, as
a metallic rod, or in the intensity of a thermo-electric current.

{ Pyr`o*met"ric (?), Pyr`o*met"ric*al } a. [Cf. F. pyromÈtrique.]
(Physics) Pertaining to, or obtained by, the pyrometer; as,
pyrometrical instruments; pyrometrical measurements.

Py*rom"e*try (?), n. The art of measuring degrees of heat, or the
expansion of bodies by heat.

Pyr`o*mor"phite (?), n. [G. pyromorphit, from Gr. &?; fire + &?; form.]
(Min.) Native lead phosphate with lead chloride, occurring in bright
green and brown hexagonal crystals and also massive; -- so called
because a fused globule crystallizes in cooling.

Pyr`o*mor"phous (?), a. [Pyro- + -morphous.] (Min.) Having the property
of crystallizing by the agency of fire.

Pyr`o*mu"cate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyromucic acid.

Pyr`o*mu"cic (?), a. [Pyro- + mucic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived
from, or designating, an acid obtained as a white crystalline substance
by the distillation of mucic acid, or by the oxidation of furfurol.

Pyr`o*nom"ics (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; law.] The science of heat.

Pyr"ope (?), n. [L. pyropus a kind of red bronze, fr. Gr. &?;; &?; fire
+ &?; the eye, face: cf. F. pyrope.] (Min.) A variety of garnet, of a
poppy or blood-red color, frequently with a tinge of orange. It is used
as a gem. See the Note under Garnet.

Pyr"o*phane (?), n. [See Pyrophanous.] (Min.) A mineral which is opaque
in its natural state, but is said to change its color and become
transparent by heat.

Py*roph"a*nous (?), a. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; to show, pass, to shine.]
Rendered transparent by heat.

Pyr"o*phone (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; sound.] A musical instrument in
which the tones are produced by flames of hydrogen, or illuminating
gas, burning in tubes of different sizes and lengths.

{ Pyr`o*phor"ic (?), Py*roph"o*rous (?), } a. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; to
bear.] Light- producing; of or pertaining to pyrophorus.

Pyrophoric iron (Chem.), finely reduced iron, which ignites
spontaneously on contact with air.

||Py*roph"o*rus (?), n. [NL. See Pyrophorous.] (Old Chem.) Any one of
||several substances or mixtures which phosphoresce or ignite
||spontaneously on exposure to air, as a heated mixture of alum,
||potash, and charcoal, or a mixture of charcoal and finely divided
||lead.

Pyr"o*phos"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrophosphoric acid.

Pyr`o*phos*phor"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + phosphoric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or designating, an acid, H4P2O7, which is obtained as a white
crystalline substance. Its salts are obtained by heating the
phosphates.

Py*roph"yl*lite (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; leaf.] (Min.) A mineral,
usually of a white or greenish color and pearly luster, consisting
chiefly of the hydrous silicate of alumina.

Pyr"o*scope (?), n. [Pyro- + - scope: cf. F. pyroscope.] (Physics) An
instrument for measuring the intensity of heat radiating from a fire,
or the cooling influence of bodies. It is a differential thermometer,
having one bulb coated with gold or silver leaf. [R.]

<! p. 1170 !>

||Py*ro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr Gr. &?; a burning, an inflammation, fr.
||&?; to burn, fr. &?; fire.] (Med.) See Water brash, under Brash.

Py*ros"ma*lite (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; odor + -like. ] (Min.) A
mineral, usually of a pale brown or of a gray or grayish green color,
consisting chiefly of the hydrous silicate of iron and manganese; -- so
called from the odor given off before the blowpipe.

Pyr"o*some (?), n. [Pyro- + - some body.] (Zoˆl.) Any compound ascidian
of the genus Pyrosoma. The pyrosomes form large hollow cylinders,
sometimes two or three feet long, which swim at the surface of the sea
and are very phosphorescent.

Pyr`o*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrosulphuric acid.

Pyr`o*sul*phu"ric (?), a. [Pyro- + -sulphuric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or designating, an acid called also disulphuric acid) obtained by
distillation of certain sulphates, as a colorless, thick, oily liquid,
H2S2O7 resembling sulphuric acid. It is used in the solution of indigo,
in the manufacture of alizarin, and in dehydration.

Pyr`o*tar*tar"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + tartaric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an acid obtained as a white crystalline substance by the
distillation of tartaric acid.

Pyr`o*tar"trate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrotartaric acid.

Pyr`o*tech"ni*an (?), n. A pyrotechnist.

{ Pyr`o*tech"nic (?), Pyr`o*tech"nic*al (?), } a. [Pyro- + technic,
technical: cf. F. pyrotechnique. See Fire, Technical.] Of or pertaining
to fireworks, or the art of forming them.

Pyrotechnical sponge. See under Sponge.

Pyr`o*tech*ni"cian (?), n. A pyrotechnist.

Pyr`o*tech"nics (?), n. The art of making fireworks; the manufacture
and use of fireworks; pyrotechny.

Pyr`o*tech"nist (?), n. One skilled in pyrotechny; one who manufactures
fireworks. Steevens.

Pyr`o*tech`ny (?), n. [Cf. F. pyrotechnie.] 1. The use and application
of fire in science and the arts. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale.

2. Same as Pyrotechnics.

Py*roth"o*nide (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; linen.] (Med.) A kind of
empyreumatic oil produced by the combustion of textures of hemp, linen,
or cotton in a copper vessel, -- formerly used as a remedial agent.
Dunglison.

Py*rot"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to burn, fr. &?;, &?;, fire: cf. F.
pyrotique.] Caustic. See Caustic. -- n. (Med.) A caustic medicine.

Pyr`o*tri`tar*tar"ic (?), a. [Pyro-  + tri- + tartaric.] (Chem.)
Designating an acid which is more commonly called uric acid.

Pyr`o*tung"stic (?), a. (Chem.) Polytungstic. See Metatungstic.

Pyr`o*¸"ric (?), a. [Pyro- + uric.] (Old Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an acid now called cyanuric acid. See Cyanuric.

Pyr`o*va*nad"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + vanadic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an acid of vanadium, analogous to pyrophosphoric acid.

Pyr`o*xan"thin (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; yellow.] (Chem.) A yellow
crystalline hydrocardon extracted from crude wood spirit; -- called
also eblanin.

Pyr"ox*ene (?), n. [F. pyroxËne, from Gr. &?; fire + &?; a stranger; --
so called because it was supposed to the be a stranger, or of rare
occurrence, in igneous rocks,] (Min.) A common mineral occurring in
monoclinic crystals, with a prismatic angle of nearly 90∞, and also in
massive forms which are often laminated. It varies in color from white
to dark green and black, and includes many varieties differing in color
and composition, as diopside, malacolite, salite, coccolite, augite,
etc. They are all silicates of lime and magnesia with sometimes alumina
and iron. Pyroxene is an essential constituent of many rocks,
especially basic igneous rocks, as basalt, gabbro, etc.

The pyroxene group contains pyroxene proper, also the related
orthorhombic species, enstatite, bronzite, hypersthene, and various
monoclinic and triclinic species, as rhodonite, etc.

Pyr`ox*en"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pyroxÈnique.] Containing pyroxene;
composed chiefly of pyroxene.

Py*rox"e*nite (?), n. (Min.) A rock consisting essentially of pyroxene.

Py*rox"yle (?), n. [Cf. F. pyroxyle. See Pyroxylic, -yl.]

Pyr`ox*yl"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; wood.] (Old Chem.) Derived from
wood by distillation; -- formerly used in designating crude wood
spirit.

Py*rox"y*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A substance resembling gun cotton in
composition and properties, but distinct in that it is more highly
nitrified and is soluble in alcohol, ether, etc.; -- called also
pyroxyle.

Pyr"rhic (?), a. [L. pyrrhichius, Gr. &?; belonging to the &?; (sc.
&?;) a kind of war dance.] 1. Of or pertaining to an ancient Greek
martial dance. " ye have the pyrrhic dance as yet." Byron.

2. (Pros.) Of or pertaining to a pyrrhic, or to pyrrhics; containing
pyrrhic; as, a pyrrhic verse.

Pyr"rhic, n. 1. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. pyrrhique, fem.] An ancient Greek
martial dance, to the accompaniment of the flute, its time being very
quick.

2. [L. pyrrhichius (sc. pes), Gr. &?; (sc. &?;): cf. F. pyrrhique,
masc.] (Pros.) A foot consisting of two short syllables.

Pyr"rhi*cist (?), n. (Gr. Antiq.) One two danced the pyrrhic.

{ Pyr*rho"ne*an (?), Pyr*rhon"ic (?), } a. [L. PyrrhonÍus: cf. F.
pyrrhonien.] Of or pertaining to pyrrhonism.

Pyr"rho*nism (?), n. [From Pyrrho, the founder of a school of skeptics
in Greece (about 300 b. c.): cf. F. pyrrhonisme.] Skepticism; universal
doubt.

Pyr"rho*nist (?), n. A follower of Pyrrho; a skeptic.

{ Pyr"rho*tine (?), Pyr"rho*tite (?), } n. [Gr. &?; flame-colored, fr.
&?; fire.] (Min.) A bronze-colored mineral, of metallic luster. It is a
sulphide of iron, and is remarkable for being attracted by the magnet.
Called also magnetic pyrites.

Pyr"rol (?), n. [Gr. &?; flame-colored (from &?; fire) + L. oleum oil.]
(Chem.) A nitrogenous base found in coal tar, bone oil, and other
distillates of organic substances, and also produced synthetically as a
colorless liquid, C4H5N, having on odor like that of chloroform. It is
the nucleus and origin of a large number of derivatives. So called
because it colors a splinter of wood moistened with hydrochloric acid a
deep red.

Pyr"ro*line (?), n. (Chem.) A nitrogenous base, C4H7N, obtained as a
colorless liquid by the reduction of pyrrol.

||Pyr"u*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. pyrus a pear.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of large
||marine gastropods. having a pear-shaped shell. It includes the
||fig-shells. See Illust. in Appendix.

Py*ru"ric (?), a. Same as Pyro¸ric.

||Py"rus (?), n. [L. pyrus, or better pirus, pear tree.] (Bot.) A genus
||of rosaceous trees and shrubs having pomes for fruit. It includes the
||apple, crab apple, pear, chokeberry, sorb, and mountain ash.

Py*ru"vic (?), a. [Pyro- + L. uva a grape.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an acid (called also pyroracemic acid) obtained, as a
liquid having a pungent odor, by the distillation of racemic acid.

Py*ru"vil (?), n. (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous compound obtained by
heating together pyruvic acid and urea.

Pyth`a*go"re*an (?), a. [L. Pythagoreus, Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to
Pythagoras (a Greek philosopher, born about 582 b. c.), or his
philosophy.

    The central thought of the Pythagorean philosophy is the idea of
    number, the recognition of the numerical and mathematical relations
    of things.


Encyc. Brit.

Pythagorean proposition (Geom.), the theorem that the square described
upon the hypothenuse of a plane right-angled triangle is equal to the
sum of the squares described upon the other two sides. -- Pythagorean
system (Astron.), the commonly received system of astronomy, first
taught by Pythagoras, and afterward revived by Copernicus, whence it is
also called the Copernican system. -- Pythagorean letter. See Y.

Pyth`a*go"re*an (?), n. A follower of Pythagoras; one of the school of
philosophers founded by Pythagoras.

Pyth`a*go"re*an*ism (?), n. The doctrines of Pythagoras or the
Pythagoreans.

    As a philosophic school Pythagoreanism became extinct in Greece
    about the middle of the 4th century [B. C.].


Encyc. Brit.

{ Pyth`a*gor"ic (?), Pyth`a*gor"ic*al (?), } a.[L. Pythagoricus, Gr.
&?;: cf. F. pythagorique.] See Pythagorean, a.

Py*thag"o*rism (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] The doctrines taught by Pythagoras.

Pythagoras made numbers the basis of his philosophical system, as well
physical as metaphysical. The doctrine of the transmigration of souls
(metempsychosis) is associated closely with name of Pythagoras.

Py*thag"o*rize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pythagorized (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pythagorizing (?).] [Gr. &?;.] To speculate after the manner of
Pythagoras.

Pyth"i*ad (?), n. [See Pythian.] (Gr. Antiq.) The period intervening
between one celebration of the Pythian games and the next.

Pyth"i*an (?), a. [L. Pythius, Gr. &?; belonging to Pytho, the older
name of Delphi and its environs: cf. F. pythien.] Of or pertaining to
Delphi, to the temple of Apollo, or to the priestess of Apollo, who
delivered oracles at Delphi.

Pythian games (Gr. Antiq.), one of the four great national festivals of
ancient Greece, celebrated near Delphi, in honor of Apollo, the
conqueror of the dragon Python, at first once in eight years, afterward
once in four.

Pyth`o*cen"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; to rot + &?; origin.] Producing
decomposition, as diseases which are supposed to be accompanied or
caused by decomposition.

Py"thon (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Python the serpent slain near Delphi by
Apollo, Gr. &?;.] 1. (Zoˆl.) Any species of very large snakes of the
genus Python, and allied genera, of the family PythonidÊ. They are
nearly allied to the boas. Called also rock snake.

The pythons have small pelvic bones, or anal spurs, two rows of
subcaudal scales, and pitted labials. They are found in Africa, Asia,
and the East Indies.

2. A diviner by spirits. "[Manasses] observed omens, and appointed
pythons." 4 Kings xxi. 6 (Douay version).

Pyth"o*ness (?), n. [L. pythonissa: cf. F. pythonisse. See Pythian.] 1.
(Gr. Antiq.) The priestess who gave oracular answers at Delphi in
Greece.

2. Any woman supposed to have a spirit of divination; a sort of witch.
Bp. Hall.

Py*thon"ic (?), a. [L. pythonicus, Gr. &?;. See Pythian.] Prophetic;
oracular; pretending to foretell events.

Pyth"o*nism (?), n. The art of predicting events after the manner of
the priestess of Apollo at Delphi; equivocal prophesying.

Pyth"o*nist (?), n. A conjurer; a diviner.

||Pyth`o*no*mor"pha (?), n. pl. [NL. See Python, and -morphous.]
||(Paleon.) Same as Mosasauria.

||Py*u"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; pus + &?; urine.] (Med.) A morbid
||condition in which pus is discharged in the urine.

Pyx (?), n. [L. pyxis a box, Gr. pyxi`s a box, especially of boxwood,
fr. py`xos the box tree or boxwood. See Box a receptacle.] [Written
also pix.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) The box, case, vase, or tabernacle, in which
the host is reserved.

2. A box used in the British mint as a place of deposit for certain
sample coins taken for a trial of the weight and fineness of metal
before it is sent from the mint. Mushet.

3. (Naut.) The box in which the compass is suspended; the binnacle.
Weale.

4. (Anat.) Same as Pyxis.

Pyx cloth (R. C. Ch.), a veil of silk or lace covering the pyx. --
Trial of the pyx, the annual testing, in the English mint, of the
standard of gold and silver coins. Encyc. Brit.

Pyx, v. t. To test as to weight and fineness, as the coins deposited in
the pyx. [Eng.] Mushet.

Pyx"i*date (?), a. Having a pyxidium.

||Pyx*id"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pyxidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. a &?; a
||box. See Pyx.] (Bot.) (a) A pod which divides circularly into an
||upper and lower half, of which the former acts as a kind of lid, as
||in the pimpernel and purslane. (b) The theca of mosses.

Pyx"ie (pks"), n. (Bot.) Same as Pixy.

||Pyx*is (?), n. [L.] 1. A box; a pyx.

2. (Bot.) A pyxidium.

3. (Anat.) The acetabulum. See Acetabulum, 2.

<! p. 1171 !>

Q.

Q (k), the seventeenth letter of the English alphabet, has but one
sound (that of k), and is always followed by u, the two letters
together being sounded like kw, except in some words in which the u is
silent. See Guide to Pronunciation, ß 249. Q is not found in
Anglo-Saxon, cw being used instead of qu; as in cwic, quick; cwen,
queen. The name (k) is from the French ku, which is from the Latin name
of the same letter; its form is from the Latin, which derived it,
through a Greek alphabet, from the Phúnician, the ultimate origin being
Egyptian.

Etymologically, q or qu is most nearly related to a (ch, tch), p, q,
and wh; as in cud, quid, L. equus, ecus, horse, Gr. &?;, whence E.
equine, hippic; L. quod which, E. what; L. aquila, E. eaqle; E.
kitchen, OE. kichene, AS. cycene, L. coquina.

Qua (?), conj. [L., abl. of qui who.] In so far as; in the capacity or
character of; as.

    It is with Shelley's biographers qua biographers that we have to
    deal.


London Spectator.

Quab (?), n. [Cf. D. kwab eelpout, Dan. quabbe, G. quabbe, quappe, LG.
quabbe a fat lump of flesh, and L. capito a kind of fish with a large
head, fr. caput the head, also E. squab.] An unfledged bird; hence,
something immature or unfinished. Ford.

Quab, v. i. See Quob, v. i.

Qua"-bird` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The American night heron. See under Night.

Qua"cha (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The quagga.

Quack (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Qvacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quacking.]
[Of imitative origin; cf. D. kwaken, G. quacken, quaken, Icel. kvaka to
twitter.]

1. To utter a sound like the cry of a duck.

2. To make vain and loud pretensions; to boast. " To quack of universal
cures." Hudibras.

3. To act the part of a quack, or pretender.

Quack, n. 1. The cry of the duck, or a sound in imitation of it; a
hoarse, quacking noise. Chaucer.

2. [Cf. Quacksalver.] A boastful pretender to medical skill; an
empiric; an ignorant practitioner.

3. Hence, one who boastfully pretends to skill or knowledge of any kind
not possessed; a charlatan.

    Quacks political; quacks scientific, academical.


Carlyle.

Quack, a. Pertaining to or characterized by, boasting and pretension;
used by quacks; pretending to cure diseases; as, a quack medicine; a
quack doctor.

Quack"er*y (?), n.; pl. Quackeries (&?;). The acts, arts, or boastful
pretensions of a quack; false pretensions to any art; empiricism.
Carlyle.

Quack" grass` (?). (Bot.) See Quitch grass.

Quack"ish, a. Like a quack; boasting; characterized by quackery. Burke.

Quack"ism (?), n. Quackery. Carlyle.

Quac"kle (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Quackled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Quackling (?).] [Cf.Querken.] To suffocate; to choke. [Prov. Eng.]

Quack"sal*ver (?), n. [D. kwakzalver; cf. kwakzalven to quack or boast
of one's salves. See Quack, Salve, n.] One who boasts of his skill in
medicines and salves, or of the efficacy of his prescriptions; a
charlatan; a quack; a mountebank. [Obs.] Burton.

{ Quad (?), Quade (?) }, a. [Akin to AS. cwd, cwead, dung, evil, G.
kot, dung, OHG. qut.] Evil; bad; baffling; as, a quade wind. [Obs.]

    Sooth play, quad play, as the Fleming saith.


Chaucer.

Quad, n. (Print.) A quadrat.

Quad, n. (Arch.) A quadrangle; hence, a prison. [Cant or Slang]

||Quad"ra (?), n.; pl. QuadrÊ (#). [L., a square, the socle, a
||platband, a fillet.] (Arch.) (a) The plinth, or lowest member, of any
||pedestal, podium, water table, or the like. (b) A fillet, or listel.

Quad"ra*ble (?), a.[See Quadrate.] (Math.) That may be sqyared, or
reduced to an equivalent square; -- said of a surface when the area
limited by a curve can be exactly found, and expressed in a finite
number of algebraic terms.

Quad`ra*ge*na"ri*ous (?), a. [L. quadragenarius, fr. qyadrageni forty
each.] Consisting of forty; forty years old.

Quad"ra*gene (?), n. [LL. quadragena, fr. L. quadrageni forty each,
akin to quadraginta forty.] (R. C. Ch.) An indulgence of forty days,
corresponding to the forty days of ancient canonical penance.

||Quad`ra*ges"i*ma (?), n. [L., fr. quadragesimus the fortieth, fr.
||quadraginta forty; akin to quattuor four. See Four.] (Eccl.) The
||forty days of fast preceding Easter; Lent.

Quadragesima Sunday, the first Sunday in Lent, about forty days before
Easter.

Quad`ra*ges"i*mal (?), a. [Cf. F. quadragÈsimal.] Belonging to Lent;
used in Lent; Lenten.

Quad`ra*ges"i*mals (?), n. pl. Offerings formerly made to the mother
church of a diocese on Mid- Lent Sunday.

Quad"ran`gle (?), n. [F., fr. L. quadrangulum; quattuor four + angulus
an angle. See Four, and Angle a corner.]

1. (Geom.) A plane figure having four angles, and consequently four
sides; any figure having four angles.

2. A square or quadrangular space or inclosure, such a space or court
surrounded by buildings, esp. such a court in a college or public
school in England.

Quad*ran"gu*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. quadrangulaire.] Having four angles,
and consequently four sides; tetragonal. -- Quad*ran"gu*lar*ly, adv.

||Quad"rans (?), n.; pl. Quadrantes (#). [L.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A fourth
||part of the coin called an as. See 3d As, 2.

2. The fourth of a penny; a farthing. See Cur.

Quad"rant (?), n. [L. quadrans, -antis, a fourth part, a fourth of a
whole, fr. quattuor four: cf. F. quadrant, cadran. See Four, and cf.
Cadrans.] 1. The fourth part; the quarter. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. (Geom.) The quarter of a circle, or of the circumference of a
circle, an arc of 90∞, or one subtending a right angle at the center.

3. (Anal. (Geom.) One of the four parts into which a plane is divided
by the coˆrdinate axes. The upper right-hand part is the first
quadrant; the upper left-hand part the second; the lower left-hand part
the third; and the lower right-hand part the fourth quadrant.

4. An instrument for measuring altitudes, variously constructed and
mounted for different specific uses in astronomy, surveying, gunnery,
etc., consisting commonly of a graduated arc of 90∞, with an index or
vernier, and either plain or telescopic sights, and usually having a
plumb line or spirit level for fixing the vertical or horizontal
direction.

Gunner's quadrant, an instrument consisting of a graduated limb, with a
plumb line or spirit level, and an arm by which it is applied to a
cannon or mortar in adjusting it to the elevation required for
attaining the desired range. -- Gunter's quadrant. See Gunter's
quadrant, in the Vocabulary. -- Hadley's quadrant, a hand instrument
used chiefly at sea to measure the altitude of the sun or other
celestial body in ascertaining the vessel's position. It consists of a
frame in the form of an octant having a graduated scale upon its arc,
and an index arm, or alidade pivoted at its apex. Mirrors, called the
index glass and the horizon glass, are fixed one upon the index arm and
the other upon one side of the frame, respectively. When the instrument
is held upright, the index arm may be swung so that the index glass
will reflect an image of the sun upon the horizon glass, and when the
reflected image of the sun coincides, to the observer's eye, with the
horizon as seen directly through an opening at the side of the horizon
glass, the index shows the sun's altitude upon the scale; -- more
properly, but less commonly, called an octant. -- Quadrant of altitude,
an appendage of the artificial globe, consisting of a slip of brass of
the length of a quadrant of one of the great circles of the globe, and
graduated. It may be fitted to the meridian, and being movable round to
all points of the horizon, serves as a scale in measuring altitudes,
azimuths, etc.

Quad*ran"tal (?), a. [L. quadrantalis containing the fourth fourth part
of a measure.] (Geom.) Of or pertaining to a quadrant; also, included
in the fourth part of a circle; as, quadrantal space.

Quadrantal triangle, a spherical triangle having one side equal to a
quadrant or arc of 90∞. -- Quadrantal versor, a versor that expresses
rotation through one right angle.

Quad*ran"tal, n. [L.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A cubical vessel containing a
Roman cubic foot, each side being a Roman square foot; -- used as a
measure.

2. A cube. [R.]

Quad"rat (?), n. [F. quadrat, cadrat. See Quadrate.] 1. (Print.) A
block of type metal lower than the letters, -- used in spacing and in
blank lines. [Abbrev. quad.]

2. An old instrument used for taking altitudes; -- called also
geometrical square, and line of shadows.

Quad"rate (?), a. [L. quadratus squared, p. p. of quadrare to make
four-cornered, to make square, to square, to fit, suit, from quadrus
square, quattuor four. See Quadrant, and cf. Quadrat, Quarry an arrow,
Square.] 1. Having four equal sides, the opposite sides parallel, and
four right angles; square.

    Figures, some round, some triangle, some quadrate.


Foxe.

2. Produced by multiplying a number by itself; square. " Quadrate and
cubical numbers." Sir T. Browne.

3. Square; even; balanced; equal; exact. [Archaic] " A quadrate, solid,
wise man." Howell.

4. Squared; suited; correspondent. [Archaic] " A generical description
quadrate to both." Harvey.

Quadrate bone (Anat.), a bone between the base of the lower jaw and the
skull in most vertebrates below the mammals. In reptiles and birds it
articulates the lower jaw with the skull; in mammals it is represented
by the malleus or incus.

Quad"rate (?), n. [L. quadratum. See Quadrate, a.] 1. (Geom.) A plane
surface with four equal sides and four right angles; a square; hence,
figuratively, anything having the outline of a square.

    At which command, the powers militant That stood for heaven, in
    mighty quadrate joined.


Milton.

2. (Astrol.) An aspect of the heavenly bodies in which they are distant
from each other 90∞, or the quarter of a circle; quartile. See the Note
under Aspect, 6.

3. (Anat.) The quadrate bone.

Quad"rate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quadrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Quadrating.] [See Quadrate, a.] To square; to agree; to suit; to
correspond; -- followed by with. [Archaic]

    The objections of these speculatists of its forms do not quadrate
    with their theories.


Burke.

Quad"rate, v. t. To adjust (a gun) on its carriage; also, to train (a
gun) for horizontal firing.

Quad*rat"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. quadratique.]

1. Of or pertaining to a square, or to squares; resembling a quadrate,
or square; square.

2. (Crystallog.) Tetragonal.

3. (Alg.) Pertaining to terms of the second degree; as, a quadratic
equation, in which the highest power of the unknown quantity is a
square.

Quad*rat"ics (?), n. (Alg.) That branch of algebra which treats of
quadratic equations.

Quad*ra`to*ju"gal (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to the quadrate
and jugal bones. (b) Of or pertaining to the quadratojugal bone. -- n.
The quadratojugal bone.

Quadratojugal bone (Anat.), a bone at the base of the lower jaw in many
animals.

Quad*ra"trix (?), n.; pl. -trixes (#), or -trices (#). [NL.] (Geom.) A
curve made use of in the quadrature of other curves; as the quadratrix,
of Dinostratus, or of Tschirnhausen.

Quad"ra*ture (?), n. [L. quadratura: cf. F. quadrature. See Quadrate,
a.] 1. (Math.) The act of squaring; the finding of a square having the
same area as some given curvilinear figure; as, the quadrature of a
circle; the operation of finding an expression for the area of a figure
bounded wholly or in part by a curved line, as by a curve, two
ordinates, and the axis of abscissas.

2. A quadrate; a square. Milton.

3. (Integral Calculus) The integral used in obtaining the area bounded
by a curve; hence, the definite integral of the product of any function
of one variable into the differential of that variable.

4. (Astron.) The position of one heavenly body in respect to another
when distant from it 90∞, or a quarter of a circle, as the moon when at
an equal distance from the points of conjunction and opposition.

Quadrature of the moon (Astron.), the position of the moon when one
half of the disk is illuminated. -- Quadrature of an orbit (Astron.), a
point in an orbit which is at either extremity of the latus rectum
drawn through the empty focus of the orbit.

Quad"rel (?), n. [It. quadrello, LL. quadrellus, fr. L. quadrus square.
See Quadrate, and cf. Quarrel an arrow.] 1. A square piece of turf or
peat. [Prov. Eng.]

2. A square brick, tile, or the like.

Quad*ren"ni*al (?), a. [L. quadriennium a space of four years; quattuor
four + annus year; cf. L. quadriennis. See Quadrate, and Annual.] 1.
Comprising four years; as, a quadrennial period.

2. Occurring once in four years, or at the end of every four years; as,
quadrennial games.

Quad*ren"ni*al*ly, adv. Once in four years.

||Quad*ren"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Quadrennial.] A space or period of
||four years.

Quad"ri- (?). [L., from quattuor four. See Four.] A combining form
meaning four, four times, fourfold; as, quadricapsular, having four
capsules.

Quad`ri*ba"sic (?), a. [Quadri- + basic.] (Chem.) Same as Tetrabasic.

Quad"ri*ble (?), a. Quadrable. [R.]

Quad"ric (?), a. (Math.) Of or pertaining to the second degree.

Quad"ric, n. (a) (Alg.) A quantic of the second degree. See Quantic.
(b) (Geom.) A surface whose equation in three variables is of the
second degree. Spheres, spheroids, ellipsoids, paraboloids,
hyperboloids, also cones and cylinders with circular bases, are
quadrics.

Quad`ri*cap"su*lar (?), a. [Quadri-  + capsular.] (Bot.) Having four
capsules.

||Quad"ri*ceps (?), n. [NL., fr. L. qyattuor four + caput head.]
||(Anat.) The great extensor muscle of the knee, divided above into
||four parts which unite in a single tendon at the knee.

Quad`ri*cip"i*tal (?), n. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the quadriceps.

Quad"ri*corn (?), n. [See Quadricornous.] (Zoˆl.) Any quadricornous
animal.

Quad`ri*cor"nous (?), a. [Quadri- + L. cornu horn: cf. F. quadricorne.]
(Zoˆl.) Having four horns, or hornlike organs; as, a quadricornous
beetle.

Quad`ri*cos"tate (?), a. [Quadri- + costate.] Having four ribs.

<! p. 1172 !>

Quad`ri*den"tate (?), a. [Quadri- + dentate.] Having four teeth; as, a
quadridentate leaf.

Quad`ri*en"ni*al (?), a. Same as Quadrennial.

Quad`ri*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [L. quadrifarius fourfold, fr. quattuor four:
cf. F. quadrifariÈ. Cf. Multifarious.] Arranged in four rows or ranks;
as, quadrifarious leaves. Loudon.

Quad"ri*fid (?), a. [L. quadrifidus; quattuor four + findere to cleave:
cf. F. quadrifide.] Divided, or deeply cleft, into four parts; as, a
quadrifid perianth; a quadrifid leaf.

{ Quad"ri*foil (?), Quad`ri*fo"li*ate (?), } a. [Quadri- + L. folium
leaf.] (Bot.) Four-leaved; having the leaves in whorls of four.

Quad`ri*fur"ca*ted (?), a. [Quadri-  + furcated.] Having four forks, or
branches.

||Quad*ri"ga (?), n.; pl. QuadrigÊ (#). [L. See Quadrijugous.] (Rom.
||Antiq.) A car or chariot drawn by four horses abreast.

{ Quad`ri*gem"i*nal (?), Quad`ri*gem"i*nous (?), } a. [Quadri- + L.
gemini twins.] Fourfold; having four similar parts, or two pairs of
similar parts.

Quadrigeminal bodies (Anat.), two pairs of lobes, or elevations, on the
dorsal side of the midbrain of most mammals; the optic lobes. The
anterior pair are called the nates, and the posterior the testes.

Quad`ri*ge*na"ri*ous (?), a. [L. quadrigeni, quadringeni, four hundred
each.] Consisting of four hundred.

Quad*rij"u*gate (?), a. Same as Quadrijugous.

Quad*rij"u*gous (?), a. [L. quadrijugus of a team of four; quattuor
four + jugum yoke.] (Bot.) Pinnate, with four pairs of leaflets; as, a
quadrijugous leaf.

Quad`ri*lat"er*al (?), a. [L. quadrilaterus: cf. F. quadrilatËre,
quadrilatÈral. See Quadri- and Lateral.] Having four sides, and
consequently four angles; quadrangular.

Quad`ri*lat"er*al, n. 1. (Geom.) A plane figure having four sides, and
consequently four angles; a quadrangular figure; any figure formed by
four lines.

2. An area defended by four fortresses supporting each other; as, the
Venetian quadrilateral, comprising Mantua, Peschiera, Verona, and
Legnano.

Complete quadrilateral (Geom.), the figure made up of the six straight
lines that can be drawn through four points, A, B, C, I, the lines
being supposed to be produced indefinitely.

Quad`ri*lat"er*al*ness, n. The property of being quadrilateral.

Quad`ri*lit"er*al (?), a. [Quadri-  + literal.] Consisting of four
letters.

Qua*drille" (?), n. [F. quadrille, n. fem., fr. Sp. cuadrilla meeting
of four or more persons or It. quadriglia a band of soldiers, a sort of
dance; dim. fr. L. quadra a square, fr. quattuor four. See Quadrate.]
1. A dance having five figures, in common time, four couples of dancers
being in each set.

2. The appropriate music for a quadrille.

Qua*drille", n. [F. quadrille, n. masc., cf. It. quadriglio; or perhaps
from the Spanish. See Quadrille a dance.] A game played by four persons
with forty cards, being the remainder of an ordinary pack after the
tens, nines, and eights are discarded. Hoyle.

Quad*ril"lion (?), n. [F., fr. L. quater four times, akin to quattuor
four, E. four; -- formed like million. See Four, Million.] According to
the French notation, which is followed also upon the Continent and in
the United States, a unit with fifteen ciphers annexed; according to
the English notation, the number produced by involving a million to the
fourth power, or the number represented by a unit with twenty-four
ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration.

{ Quad`ri*lo"bate (?), Quad`ri*lobed (?), } a. [Quadri- + lobe: cf. F.
quadrilobÈ.] Having four lobes; as, a quadrilobate leaf.

Quad`ri*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Quadri-  + locular: cf. F. quadriloculaire.]
Having four cells, or cavities; as, a quadrilocular heart.

Quad"rin (?), n. [OF., fr. L. quadrini four each, fr. quattuor four.] A
small piece of money, in value about a farthing, or a half cent. [Obs.]

Quad`ri*nod"al (?), a. [Quadri- + nodal.] (Math.) Possessing four
nodes; as, quadrinodal curves.

Quad`ri*no"mi*al (?), n. [Quadri- + nomial, as in binomial: cf. F.
quadrinÙme.] (Alg.) A polynomial of four terms connected by the signs
plus or minus.

Quad`ri*nom"ic*al (?), a. Quadrinomial.

Quad`ri*nom"i*nal (?), a. [Quadri-  + nominal.] (Alg.) Quadrinomial.
Sir W. R. Hamilton.

Quad*rip"ar*tite (?), a. [L. quadripartitus, p. p. of quadripartire to
divide into four parts; quattuor four + partire to divide: cf. F.
quadripartite.] Divided into four parts.

Quad*rip"ar*tite*ly, adv. In four parts.

Quad`ri*par*ti"tion (?), n. [L. quadripartitio: cf. F.
quadripartition.] A division or distribution by four, or into four
parts; also, a taking the fourth part of any quantity or number.

Quad`ri*pen"nate (?), a. [Quadri- + pennate.] (Zoˆl.) Having four
wings; -- said of insects.

Quad*riph"yl*lous (?), a. [Quadri + Gr. &?; leaf.] (Bot.) Having four
leaves; quadrifoliate.

Quad"ri*reme (?), n. [L. quadriremis; quattuor four + remus an oar: cf.
F. quadrirËme.] (Antiq.) A galley with four banks of oars or rowers.

Quad`ri*sec"tion (?), n. [Quadri- + section.] A subdivision into four
parts.

Quad`ri*sul"cate (?), a. [Quadri + sulcate.] (Zoˆl.) Having four hoofs;
as, a quadrisulcate foot; a quadrisulcate animal.

{ Quad`ri*syl*lab"ic (?), Quad`ri-syl*lab"ic*al (?), }Having four
syllables; of or pertaining to quadrisyllables; as, a quadrisyllabic
word.

Quad`ri*syl"la*ble (?), n. [Quadri-  + syllable: cf. F. quadrisyllabe.]
A word consisting of four syllables. De Quincey.

Quad*riv"a*lence (?), n. (Chem.) The quality or state of being
quadrivalent; tetravalence.

Quad*riv"a*lent (?), a. [Quadri- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See
Valence.] (Chem.) Having a valence of four; capable of combining with,
being replaced by, or compared with, four monad atoms; tetravalent; --
said of certain atoms and radicals; thus, carbon and silicon are
quadrivalent elements.

Quad"ri*valve (?), a. [Quadri- + valve: cf. F. quadrivalve.] (Bot.)
Dehiscent into four similar parts; four-valved; as, a quadrivalve
pericarp.

Quad"ri*valve, n. (Arch.) A door, shutter, or the like, having four
folds.

Quad`ri*val"vu*lar (?), a. Having four valves; quadrivalve.

Quad*riv"i*al (?), a. [L. quadrivium a place where four ways meet;
quattuor four + via way.] Having four ways meeting in a point. B.
Jonson.

Quad*riv"i*al, n. One of the four "liberal arts" making up the
quadrivium.

||Quad*riv"i*um (?), n. [L.] The four "liberal arts," arithmetic,
||music, geometry, and astronomy; -- so called by the schoolmen. See
||Trivium.

Quad*roon" (?), n. [F. quarteron, or Sp. cuarteron. See Quarter a
fourth part, and cf. Quarteron.] The offspring of a mulatto and a white
person; a person quarter-blooded. [Written also quarteron, quarteroon,
and quateron.]

Quad*rox"ide (?), n. [Quadri- + oxide.] (Chem.) A tetroxide. [R.]

||Quad*ru"ma*na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Quadrumane.] (Zoˆl.) A division of
||the Primates comprising the apes and monkeys; -- so called because
||the hind foot is usually prehensile, and the great toe opposable
||somewhat like a thumb. Formerly the Quadrumana were considered an
||order distinct from the Bimana, which last included man alone.

Quad"ru*mane (?), n. [L. quattuor four + manus a hand: cf. F.
quadrumane.] (Zoˆl.) One of the Quadrumana.

Quad*ru"ma*nous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having four hands; of or pertaining to
the Quadrumana.

Quad"ru*ped (?), a. [L. quadrupes, -pedis; quattuor four + pes, pedis,
a foot: cf. F. quadrupËde. See Quadrate, and Foot.] Having four feet.

Quad"ru*ped, n. (Zoˆl.) An animal having four feet, as most mammals and
reptiles; -- often restricted to the mammals.

Quad*ru"pe*dal (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having four feet; of or pertaining to a
quadruped.

Quad"ru*ple (?), a. [L. quadruplus, from quattuor four: cf. F.
quadruple. See Quadrate, and cf. Double.] Fourfold; as, to make
quadruple restitution; a quadruple alliance.

Quadruple time (Mus.), that in which each measure is divided into four
equal parts.

Quad"ru*ple, n. [Cf. F. quadruple, L. quadruplum.] four times the sum
or number; a fourfold amount; as, to receive to quadruple of the amount
in damages.

Quad"ru*ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quadrupled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Quadrupling (?).] [L. quadruplare: cf. F. quadrupler.] To multiply by
four; to increase fourfold; to double; to double twice. A. Smith.

Quad"ru*ple, v. i. To be multiplied by four; to increase fourfold; to
become four times as much.

Quad"ru*plex (?), a. [L., from quattuor four + plicare to fold.]
Fourfold; folded or doubled twice.

Quadruplex system (Electric Telegraph), a system by which four
messages, two in each direction, may be sent simultaneously over the
wire.

Quad*ru"pli*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quadruplicated (?); p. pr. &
vb. n. Quadruplicating.] [L. quadruplicatus, p. p. of quadruplicare,
fr. quadruple&?; fourfold. See Quadruplex.] To make fourfold; to double
twice; to quadruple.

Quad*ru"pli*cate (?), a. [L. quadruplicatus, p. p.]

1. Fourfold; doubled twice; four times repeated; as, a quadruplicate
ratio, or a quadruplicate proportion.

2. (Math.) Raised to the fourth power. [R.]

Quad`ru*pli*ca"tion (?), n. [L. quadruplicatio: cf. F.
quadruplication.] The act of making fourfold; a taking four times the
simple sum or amount.

Quad"ru*ply (?), adv. To a fourfold quantity; so as to be, or cause to
be, quadruple; as, to be quadruply recompensed.

||QuÊ"re (?), v. imperative. [L., imperative of quaerere to seek.]
||Inquire; question; see; - - used to signify doubt or to suggest
||investigation.

||QuÊs"tor (?), n. [L.] Same as Questor.

Quaff (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quaffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quaffing.]
[For quach, fr. Gael. & Ir. cuach a drinking cup; cf. L. caucus a
drinking vessel. Cf. Quaigh.] To drink with relish; to drink copiously
of; to swallow in large draughts. "Quaffed off the muscadel." Shak.

    They eat, they drink, and in communion sweet Quaff immortality and
    joy.


Milton.

Quaff (?), v. i. To drink largely or luxuriously.

    Twelve days the gods their solemn revels keep, And quaff with
    blameless Ethiops in the deep.


Dryden.

Quaff"er (?), n. One who quaffs, or drinks largely.

Quag (?), n. A quagmire. [R.] "Crooked or straight, through quags or
thorny dells." Cowper.

Quag"ga (?), n. [Hottentot.] (Zoˆl.) A South African wild ass (Equus,
or Hippotigris, quagga). The upper parts are reddish brown, becoming
paler behind and behind and beneath, with dark stripes on the face,
neck, and fore part of the body.

Quag"gy (?), a.[See Quag, Quagmire.] Of the nature of a quagmire;
yielding or trembling under the foot, as soft, wet earth; spongy;
boggy. "O'er the watery strath, or quaggy moss." Collins.

Quag"mire` (?), n. [Quake + mire.] Soft, wet, miry land, which shakes
or yields under the feet. "A spot surrounded by quagmires, which
rendered it difficult of access." Palfrey.

Syn. -- Morass; marsh; bog; swamp; fen; slough.

{ Qua"hog, Qua"haug } (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. Narragansett Indian
poqua˚hock.] (Zoˆl.) An American market clam (Venus mercenaria). It is
sold in large quantities, and is highly valued as food. Called also
round clam, and hard clam.

The name is also applied to other allied species, as Venus Mortoni of
the Gulf of Mexico.

{ Quaigh, Quaich } (?), n. [Gael. cuach. Cf. Quaff.] A small shallow
cup or drinking vessel. [Scot.] [Written also quegh.]

Quail (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Qualled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Qualling.]
[AS. cwelan to die, perish; akin to cwalu violent death, D. kwaal pain,
G. qual torment, OHG. quelan to suffer torment, Lith. gelti to hurt,
gela pain. Cf. Quell.] 1. To die; to perish; hence, to wither; to fade.
[Obs.] Spenser.

2. To become quelled; to become cast down; to sink under trial or
apprehension of danger; to lose the spirit and power of resistance; to
lose heart; to give way; to shrink; to cower.

    The atheist power shall quail, and confess his fears. I. Taylor.
    Stouter hearts than a woman's have quailed in this terrible winter.


Longfellow.

Syn. -- to cower; flinch; shrink; quake; tremble; blench; succumb;
yield.

Quail, v. t. [Cf. Quell.] To cause to fail in spirit or power; to
quell; to crush; to subdue. [Obs.] Spenser.

Quail, v. i. [OF. coaillier, F. cailler, from L. coagulare. See
Coagulate.] To curdle; to coagulate, as milk. [Obs.] Holland.

Quail, n. [OF. quaille, F. caille, LL. quaquila, qualia, qualea, of
Dutch or German origin; cf. D. kwakkel, kwartel, OHG. wahtala, G.
wachtel.]

1. (Zoˆl.) Any gallinaceous bird belonging to Coturnix and several
allied genera of the Old World, especially the common European quail
(C. communis), the rain quail (C. Coromandelica) of India, the stubble
quail (C. pectoralis), and the Australian swamp quail (Synoicus
australis).

2. (Zoˆl.) Any one of several American partridges belonging to Colinus,
Callipepla, and allied genera, especially the bobwhite (called Virginia
quail, and Maryland quail), and the California quail (Calipepla
Californica).

3. (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of Turnix and allied genera,
native of the Old World, as the Australian painted quail (Turnix
varius). See Turnix.

4. A prostitute; -- so called because the quail was thought to be a
very amorous bird.[Obs.] Shak.

Bustard quail (Zoˆl.), a small Asiatic quail-like bird of the genus
Turnix, as T. taigoor, a black-breasted species, and the hill bustard
quail (T. ocellatus). See Turnix. -- Button quail (Zoˆl.), one of
several small Asiatic species of Turnix, as T. Sykesii, which is said
to be the smallest game bird of India. -- Mountain quail. See under
Mountain. -- Quail call, a call or pipe for alluring quails into a net
or within range. -- Quail dove (Zoˆl.), any one of several American
ground pigeons belonging to Geotrygon and allied genera. -- Quail hawk
(Zoˆl.), the New Zealand sparrow hawk (Hieracidea NovÊ-HollandiÊ). --
Quail pipe. See Quail call, above. -- Quail snipe (Zoˆl.), the
dowitcher, or red-breasted snipe; -- called also robin snipe, and brown
snipe. -- Sea quail (Zoˆl.), the turnstone. [Local, U. S.]

<! p. 1173 !>

Quail"y (?), n. [Cf. Quail the bird.] (Zoˆl.) The upland plover.
[Canadian]

Quaint (?), a. [OE. queint, queynte, coint, prudent, wise, cunning,
pretty, odd, OF. cointe cultivated, amiable, agreeable, neat, fr. L.
cognitus known, p. p. of cognoscere to know; con + noscere (for
gnoscere) to know. See Know, and cf. Acquaint, Cognition.] 1. Prudent;
wise; hence, crafty; artful; wily. [Obs.]

    Clerks be full subtle and full quaint.


Chaucer.

2. Characterized by ingenuity or art; finely fashioned; skillfully
wrought; elegant; graceful; nice; neat. [Archaic] " The queynte ring."
" His queynte spear." Chaucer. " A shepherd young quaint." Chapman.

    Every look was coy and wondrous quaint.


Spenser.

    To show bow quaint an orator you are.


Shak.

3. Curious and fanciful; affected; odd; whimsical; antique; archaic;
singular; unusual; as, quaint architecture; a quaint expression.

    Some stroke of quaint yet simple pleasantry.


Macaulay.

    An old, long-faced, long-bodied servant in quaint livery.


W. Irving.

Syn. -- Quaint, Odd, Antique. Antique is applied to that which has come
down from the ancients, or which is made to imitate some ancient work
of art. Odd implies disharmony, incongruity, or unevenness. An odd
thing or person is an exception to general rules of calculation and
procedure, or expectation and common experience. In the current use of
quaint, the two ideas of odd and antique are combined, and the word is
commonly applied to that which is pleasing by reason of both these
qualities. Thus, we speak of the quaint architecture of many old
buildings in London; or a quaint expression, uniting at once the
antique and the fanciful.

Quain"tise (?), n. [OF. cointise.] 1. Craft; subtlety; cunning. [Obs.]
Chaucer. R. of Glouces.

2. Elegance; beauty. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Quaint"ly (?), adv. In a quaint manner. Shak.

Quaint"ness, n. The quality of being quaint. Pope.

Quair (?), n. [See 3d Quire.] A quire; a book. [Obs.] "The king's
quhair." James I. (of Scotland).

Quake (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quaking.]
[AS. cwacian; cf. G. quackeln. Cf. Quagmire.] 1. To be agitated with
quick, short motions continually repeated; to shake with fear, cold,
etc.; to shudder; to tremble. "Quaking for dread." Chaucer.

    She stood quaking like the partridge on which the hawk is ready to
    seize.


Sir P. Sidney.

2. To shake, vibrate, or quiver, either from not being solid, as soft,
wet land, or from violent convulsion of any kind; as, the earth quakes;
the mountains quake. " Over quaking bogs." Macaulay.

Quake, v. t. [Cf. AS. cweccan to move, shake. See Quake, v. t.] To
cause to quake. [Obs.] Shak.

Quake, n. A tremulous agitation; a quick vibratory movement; a shudder;
a quivering.

Quak"er (?), n. 1. One who quakes.

2. One of a religious sect founded by George Fox, of Leicestershire,
England, about 1650, -- the members of which call themselves Friends.
They were called Quakers, originally, in derision. See Friend, n., 4.

    Fox's teaching was primarily a preaching of repentance . . . The
    trembling among the listening crowd caused or confirmed the name of
    Quakers given to the body; men and women sometimes fell down and
    lay struggling as if for life.


Encyc. Brit.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) The nankeen bird. (b) The sooty albatross. (c) Any
grasshopper or locust of the genus (Edipoda; -- so called from the
quaking noise made during flight.

Quaker buttons. (Bot.) See Nux vomica. -- Quaker gun, a dummy cannon
made of wood or other material; -- so called because the sect of
Friends, or Quakers, hold to the doctrine, of nonresistance. -- Quaker
ladies (Bot.), a low American biennial plant (Houstonia cÊrulea), with
pretty four- lobed corollas which are pale blue with a yellowish
center; -- also called bluets, and little innocents.

Quak"er*ess, n. A woman who is a member of the Society of Friends.

Quak"er*ish, a. Like or pertaining to a Quaker; Quakerlike.

Quak"er*ism (?), n. The peculiar character, manners, tenets, etc., of
the Quakers.

Quak"er*like (?), a. Like a Quaker.

Quak"er*ly, a. Resembling Quakers; Quakerlike; Quakerish. Macaulay.

Quak"er*y (?), n. Quakerism. [Obs.] Hallywell.

Quake"tail` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A wagtail.

Quak"i*ness (?), n. The state of being quaky; liability to quake.

Quak"ing, a. & n. from Quake, v.

Quaking aspen (Bot.), an American species of poplar (Populus
tremuloides), the leaves of which tremble in the lightest breeze. It
much resembles the European aspen. See Aspen. -- Quaking bog, a bog of
forming peat so saturated with water that it shakes when trodden upon.
-- Quaking grass. (Bot.) (a) One of several grasses of the genus Briza,
having slender-stalked and pendulous ovate spikelets, which quake and
rattle in the wind. Briza maxima is the large quaking grass; B. media
and B. minor are the smaller kinds. (b) Rattlesnake grass (Glyceria
Canadensis).

Quak"ing*ly (?), adv. In a quaking manner; fearfully. Sir P. Sidney.

Quak"y (?), a. Shaky, or tremulous; quaking.

Qual"i*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being qualified; abatable;
modifiable. Barrow.

Qual`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. qualification. See Qualify.] 1. The
act of qualifying, or the condition of being qualified.

2. That which qualifies; any natural endowment, or any acquirement,
which fits a person for a place, office, or employment, or which
enables him to sustian any character with success; an enabling quality
or circumstance; requisite capacity or possession.

    There is no qualification for government but virtue and wisdom,
    actual or presumptive.


Burke.

3. The act of limiting, or the state of being limited; that which
qualifies by limiting; modification; restriction; hence, abatement;
diminution; as, to use words without any qualification.

Qual"i*fi*ca*tive (?), n. That which qualifies, modifies, or restricts;
a qualifying term or statement.

    How many qualificatives, correctives, and restrictives he inserteth
    in this relation.


Fuller.

Qual"i*fi*ca`tor (?), n. [LL.] (R. C. Ch.) An officer whose business it
is to examine and prepare causes for trial in the ecclesiastical
courts.

Qual"i*fied (?), a. 1. Fitted by accomplishments or endowments.

2. Modified; limited; as, a qualified statement.

Qualified fee (Law), a base fee, or an estate which has a qualification
annexed to it, the fee ceasing with the qualification, as a grant to A
and his heirs, tenants of the manor of Dale. -- Qualified indorsement
(Law), an indorsement which modifies the liability of the indorser that
would result from the general principles of law, but does not affect
the negotiability of the instrument. Story. -- Qualified negative
(Legislation), a limited veto power, by which the chief executive in a
constitutional government may refuse assent to bills passed by the
legislative body, which bills therefore fail to become laws unless upon
a reconsideration the legislature again passes them by a certain
majority specified in the constitution, when they become laws without
the approval of the executive. -- Qualified property (Law), that which
depends on temporary possession, as that in wild animals reclaimed, or
as in the case of a bailment.

Syn. -- Competent; fit; adapted. -- Qualified, Competent. Competent is
most commonly used with respect to native endowments and general
ability suited to the performance of a task or duty; qualified with
respect to specific acquirements and training.

Qual"i*fied`ly, adv. In the way of qualification; with modification or
qualification.

Qual"i*fied`ness, n. The state of being qualified.

Qual"i*fi`er (?), n. One who, or that which, qualifies; that which
modifies, reduces, tempers or restrains.

Qual"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Qualified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Qualifying (?).] [F. qualifier, LL. qualificare, fr. L. qualis how
constituted, as + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Quality, and -Fy.] 1.
To make such as is required; to give added or requisite qualities to;
to fit, as for a place, office, occupation, or character; to furnish
with the knowledge, skill, or other accomplishment necessary for a
purpose; to make capable, as of an employment or privilege; to supply
with legal power or capacity.

    He had qualified himself for municipal office by taking the oaths
    to the sovereigns in possession.


Macaulay.

2. To give individual quality to; to modulate; to vary; to regulate.

    It hath no larynx . . . to qualify the sound.


Sir T. Browne.

3. To reduce from a general, undefined, or comprehensive form, to
particular or restricted form; to modify; to limit; to restrict; to
restrain; as, to qualify a statement, claim, or proposition.

4. Hence, to soften; to abate; to diminish; to assuage; to reduce the
strength of, as liquors.

    I do not seek to quench your love's hot fire, But qualify the
    fire's extreme rage.


Shak.

5. To soothe; to cure; -- said of persons. [Obs.]

    In short space he has them qualified.


Spenser.

Syn. -- To fit; equip; prepare; adapt; capacitate; enable; modify;
soften; restrict; restrain; temper.

Qual"i*fy, v. i. 1. To be or become qualified; to be fit, as for an
office or employment.

2. To obtain legal power or capacity by taking the oath, or complying
with the forms required, on assuming an office.

Qual"i*ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. LL. gualitativus, F. qualitatif.] Relating
to quality; having the character of quality. -- Qual"i*ta*tive*ly, adv.

Qualitative analysis (Chem.), analysis which merely determines the
constituents of a substance without any regard to the quantity of each
ingredient; -- contrasted with quantitative analysis.

Qual"i*tied (?), a. Furnished with qualities; endowed. [Obs.] "He was
well qualitied." Chapman.

Qual"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Qualities (#). [F. qualitÈ, L. qualitas, fr.
qualis how constituted, as; akin to E. which. See Which.] 1. The
condition of being of such and such a sort as distinguished from
others; nature or character relatively considered, as of goods;
character; sort; rank.

    We lived most joyful, obtaining acquaintance with many of the city
    not of the meanest quality.


Bacon

2. Special or temporary character; profession; occupation; assumed or
asserted rank, part, or position.

    I made that inquiry in quality of an antiquary.


Gray.

3. That which makes, or helps to make, anything such as it is; anything
belonging to a subject, or predicable of it; distinguishing property,
characteristic, or attribute; peculiar power, capacity, or virtue;
distinctive trait; as, the tones of a flute differ from those of a
violin in quality; the great quality of a statesman.

Qualities, in metaphysics, are primary or secondary. Primary are those
essential to the existence, and even the conception, of the thing, as
of matter or spirit Secondary are those not essential to such a
conception.

4. An acquired trait; accomplishment; acquisition.

    He had those qualities of horsemanship, dancing, and fencing which
    accompany a good breeding.


Clarendon.

5. Superior birth or station; high rank; elevated character. "Persons
of quality." Bacon.

Quality binding, a kind of worsted tape used in Scotland for binding
carpets, and the like. -- The quality, those of high rank or station,
as distinguished from the masses, or common people; the nobility; the
gentry.

    I shall appear at the masquerade dressed up in my feathers, that
    the quality may see how pretty they will look in their traveling
    habits.


Addison.

Syn. -- Property; attribute; nature; peculiarity; character; sort;
rank; disposition; temper.

Qualm (?), n. [AS. cwealm death, slaughter, pestilence, akin to OS. &
OHG. qualm. See Quail to cower.] 1. Sickness; disease; pestilence;
death. [Obs.]

    thousand slain and not of qualm ystorve [dead].


Chaucer.

2. A sudden attack of illness, faintness, or pain; an agony. " Qualms
of heartsick agony." Milton.

3. Especially, a sudden sensation of nausea.

    For who, without a qualm, hath ever looked On holy garbage, though
    by Homer cooked?


Roscommon.

4. A prick or scruple of conscience; uneasiness of conscience;
compunction. Dryden.

Qualm"ish, a. Sick at the stomach; affected with nausea or sickly
languor; inclined to vomit. Shak.

-- Qualm"ish*ly, adv. -- Qualm"ish*ness, n.

Quam"ash (?), n. (Bot.) See Camass.

Quam"o*clit (?), n. [Gr. &?; a bean + &?; to bend, to slope.] (Bot.)
Formerly, a genus of plants including the cypress vine (Quamoclit
vulgaris, now called Ipomúa Quamoclit). The genus is now merged in
Ipomúa.

Quan"da*ry (?), n.; pl. Quandaries (#). [Prob. fr. OE. wandreth
adversity, perplexity, Icel. wandrÊi difficulty, trouble, fr. vandr
difficult.] A state of difficulty or perplexity; doubt; uncertainty.

Quan"da*ry, v. t. To bring into a state of uncertainty, perplexity, or
difficulty. [Obs.] Otway.

Quan"dong (?), n. (Bot.) The edible drupaceous fruit of an Australian
tree (Fusanus acuminatus) of the Sandalwood family; -- called also
quandang.

Quan"dy (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) The old squaw. [Local, U.
S.]

Quan"net (?), n. A flat file having the handle at one side, so as to be
used like a plane.

Quant (?), n. A punting pole with a broad flange near the end to
prevent it from sinking into the mud; a setting pole.

Quan"tic (?), n. [L. quantus how much. See Quantity.] (Math.) A
homogeneous algebraic function of two or more variables, in general
containing only positive integral powers of the variables, and called
quadric, cubic, quartic, etc., according as it is of the second, third,
fourth, fifth, or a higher degree. These are further called binary,
ternary, quaternary, etc., according as they contain two, three, four,
or more variables; thus, the quantic &?; is a binary cubic.

Quan`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Quantity.] Modification by a reference
to quantity; the introduction of the element of quantity.

    The quantification of the predicate belongs in part to Sir William
    Hamilton; viz., in its extension to negative propositions.


De Quincey.

Quan"ti*fy (?), v. t. [L. quantus now much + -fy.] To modify or qualify
with respect to quantity; to fix or express the quantity of; to rate.

Quan"ti*ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. quantitatif.] Relating to quantity. --
Quan"ti*ta*tive*ly, adv.

Quantitative analysis (Chem.), analysis which determines the amount or
quantity of each ingredient of a substance, by weight or by volume; --
contrasted with qualitative analysis.

Quan"ti*tive (?), a. [See Quantity.] Estimable according to quantity;
quantitative. Sir K. Digby.

Quan"ti*tive*ly, adv. So as to be measurable by quantity;
quantitatively.

Quan"ti*ty (?), n.; pl. Quantities (#). [F. quantite, L. quantitas, fr.
quantus bow great, how much, akin to quam bow, E. how, who. See Who.]

1. The attribute of being so much, and not more or less; the property
of being measurable, or capable of increase and decrease,
multiplication and division; greatness; and more concretely, that which
answers the question "How much?"; measure in regard to bulk or amount;
determinate or comparative dimensions; measure; amount; bulk; extent;
size. Hence, in specific uses: (a) (Logic) The extent or extension of a
general conception, that is, the number of species or individuals to
which it may be applied; also, its content or comprehension, that is,
the number of its constituent qualities, attributes, or relations. (b)
(Gram.) The measure of a syllable; that which determines the time in
which it is pronounced; as, the long or short quantity of a vowel or
syllable. (c) (Mus.) The relative duration of a tone.

2. That which can be increased, diminished, or measured; especially
(Math.), anything to which mathematical processes are applicable.

Quantity is discrete when it is applied to separate objects, as in
number; continuous, when the parts are connected, either in succession,
as in time, motion, etc., or in extension, as by the dimensions of
space, viz., length, breadth, and thickness.

3. A determinate or estimated amount; a sum or bulk; a certain portion
or part; sometimes, a considerable amount; a large portion, bulk, or
sum; as, a medicine taken in quantities, that is, in large quantities.

    The quantity of extensive and curious information which he had
    picked up during many months of desultory, but not unprofitable,
    study.


Macaulay.

Quantity of estate (Law), its time of continuance, or degree of
interest, as in fee, for life, or for years. Wharton (Law Dict. ) --
Quantity of matter, in a body, its mass, as determined by its weight,
or by its momentum under a given velocity. -- Quantity of motion
(Mech.), in a body, the relative amount of its motion, as measured by
its momentum, varying as the product of mass and velocity. -- Known
quantities (Math.), quantities whose values are given. -- Unknown
quantities (Math.), quantities whose values are sought.

<! p. 1174 !>

Quan*tiv"a*lence (?), n. [L. quantus how much + E. valence.] (Chem.)
Valence. [Archaic]

Quan*tiv"a*lent (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to quantivalence.
[Archaic]

Quan"tum (?), n.; pl. Quanta (#). [L., neuter of quantus how great, how
much. See Quantity,] 1. Quantity; amount. "Without authenticating . . .
the quantum of the charges." Burke.

2. (Math.) A definite portion of a manifoldness, limited by a mark or
by a boundary. W. K. Clifford.

||Quantum meruit (&?;) [L., as much as he merited] (Law), a count in an
||action grounded on a promise that the defendant would pay to the
||plaintiff for his service as much as he should deserve. -- ||Quantum
||sufficit (&?;), or Quantum suff. [L., as much suffices] (Med.), a
||sufficient quantity. -- ||Quantum valebat (&?;) [L., as much at it
||was worth] (Law), a count in an action to recover of the defendant,
||for goods sold, as much as they were worth. Blackstone.

Quap (?), v. i. To quaver. [Obs.] See Quob.

Qua`qua*ver"sal (?), a. [L. quaqua wheresoever, whithersoever + versus,
p. p. of vertere to turn.] 1. Turning or dipping in any or every
direction.

2. (Geol.) Dipping toward all points of the compass round a center, as
beds of lava round a crater.

Quar (?), n. A quarry. [Prov. Eng.] B. Jonson.

Quar"an*tine (?), n. [F. quarantaine, OF. quaranteine, fr. F. quarante
forty, L. quadraginta, akin to quattuor four, and E. four: cf. It.
quarantina, quarentine. See Four, and cf. Quadragesima.] 1. A space of
forty days; -- used of Lent.

2. Specifically, the term, originally of forty days, during which a
ship arriving in port, and suspected of being infected a malignant
contagious disease, is obliged to forbear all intercourse with the
shore; hence, such restraint or inhibition of intercourse; also, the
place where infected or prohibited vessels are stationed.

Quarantine is now applied also to any forced stoppage of travel or
communication on account of malignant contagious disease, on land as
well as by sea.

3. (Eng. Law) The period of forty days during which the widow had the
privilege of remaining in the mansion house of which her husband died
seized.

Quarantine flag, a yellow flag hoisted at the fore of a vessel or hung
from a building, to give warning of an infectious disease; -- called
also the yellow jack, and yellow flag.

Quar`an*tine" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quarantined (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Quarantining.] To compel to remain at a distance, or in a given place,
without intercourse, when suspected of having contagious disease; to
put under, or in, quarantine.

Quarl (?), n. [Cf. G. qualle.] (Zoˆl.) A medusa, or jellyfish. [R.]

    The jellied quarl that flings At once a thousand streaming stings.


J. R. Drake.

Quar"rel (?), n. [OE. quarel, OF. quarrel, F. carreau, LL. quadrellus,
from L. quadrus square. See Quadrate, and cf. Quadrel, Quarry an arrow,
Carrel.] 1. An arrow for a crossbow; -- so named because it commonly
had a square head. [Obs.]

    To shoot with arrows and quarrel.


Sir J. Mandeville.

    Two arblasts, . . . with windlaces and quarrels.


Sir W. Scott.

2. (Arch.) Any small square or quadrangular member; as: (a) A square of
glass, esp. when set diagonally. (b) A small opening in window tracery,
of which the cusps, etc., make the form nearly square. (c) A square or
lozenge-shaped paving tile.

3. A glazier's diamond. Simmonds.

4. A four-sided cutting tool or chisel having a diamond-shaped end.

Quar"rel, n. [OE. querele, OF. querele, F. querelle, fr. L. querela,
querella, a complaint, fr. queri to complain. See Querulous.] 1. A
breach of concord, amity, or obligation; a falling out; a difference; a
disagreement; an antagonism in opinion, feeling, or conduct; esp., an
angry dispute, contest, or strife; a brawl; an altercation; as, he had
a quarrel with his father about expenses.

    I will bring a sword upon you that shall avenge the quarrel of my
    covenant.


Lev. xxvi. 25.

    On open seas their quarrels they debate.


Dryden.

2. Ground of objection, dislike, difference, or hostility; cause of
dispute or contest; occasion of altercation.

    Herodias had a quarrel against him, and would have killed him.


Mark vi. 19.

    No man hath any quarrel to me.


Shak.

    He thought he had a good quarrel to attack him.


Holinshed.

3. Earnest desire or longing. [Obs.] Holland.

To pick a quarrel. See under Pick, v. t.

Syn. -- Brawl; broil; squabble; affray; feud; tumult; contest; dispute;
altercation; contention; wrangle.

Quar"rel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quarreled (?) or Quarrelled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Quarreling or Quarrelling.] 1. To violate concord or agreement; to
have a difference; to fall out; to be or become antagonistic.

    Our people quarrel with obedience.


Shak.

    But some defect in her Did quarrel with the noblest grace she owed.


Shak.

2. To dispute angrily, or violently; to wrangle; to scold; to
altercate; to contend; to fight.

    Beasts called sociable quarrel in hunger and lust.


Sir W. Temple.

3. To find fault; to cavil; as, to quarrel with one's lot.

    I will not quarrel with a slight mistake.


Roscommon.

Quar"rel (?), v. t. 1. To quarrel with. [R.] "I had quarelled my
brother purposely." B. Jonson.

2. To compel by a quarrel; as, to quarrel a man out of his estate or
rights.

Quar"rel (?), n. [Written also quarreller.] One who quarrels or
wrangles; one who is quarrelsome. Shak.

Quar"rel*et (?), n. A little quarrel. See 1st Quarrel, 2. [Obs.]
"Quarrelets of pearl [teeth]." Herrick.

Quar"rel*ing, a. Engaged in a quarrel; apt or disposed to quarrel; as,
quarreling factions; a quarreling mood. -- Quar"rel*ing*ly, adv.

Quar"rel*lous (?), a. [OF. querelous, F. querelleux, L. querulosus and
querulus, fr. queri to complain. See 2d Quarrel.] Quarrelsome. [Obs.]
[Written also quarrellous.] Shak.

Quar"rel*some (?), a. Apt or disposed to quarrel; given to brawls and
contention; easily irritated or provoked to contest; irascible;
choleric.

Syn. -- Pugnacious; irritable; irascible; brawling; choleric; fiery;
petulant.

-- Quar"rel*some*ly, adv. -- Quar"rel*some*ness, n.

Quar"ried (?), a. Provided with prey.

    Now I am bravely quarried.


Beau. & Fl.

Quar"ri*er (?), n. A worker in a stone quarry.

Quar"ry (?), n. [OE. quarre, OF. quarrÈ square, F. carrÈ, from L.
quadratus square, quadrate, quadratum a square. See Quadrate, and cf.
Quarrel an arrow.] Same as 1st Quarrel. [Obs.] Fairfax.

Quar"ry, a. [OF. quarrÈ.] Quadrate; square. [Obs.]

Quar"ry, n.; pl. Quarries (#). [OE. querre, OF. cuiriÈe, F. curÈe, fr.
cuir hide, leather, fr. L. corium; the quarry given to the dogs being
wrapped in the akin of the beast. See Cuirass.] 1. (a) A part of the
entrails of the beast taken, given to the hounds. (b) A heap of game
killed.

2. The object of the chase; the animal hunted for; game; especially,
the game hunted with hawks. "The stone- dead quarry." Spenser.

    The wily quarry shunned the shock.


Sir W. Scott.

Quar"ry, v. i. To secure prey; to prey, as a vulture or harpy.
L'Estrange.

Quar"ry, n. [OE. quarrere, OF. quariere, F. carriËre, LL. quadraria a
quarry, whence squared (quadrati) stones are dug, fr. quadratus square.
See Quadrate.] A place, cavern, or pit where stone is taken from the
rock or ledge, or dug from the earth, for building or other purposes; a
stone pit. See 5th Mine (a).

Quar"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quarried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quarrying.]
To dig or take from a quarry; as, to quarry marble.

Quar"ry-faced` (?), a. (Stone Masonry) Having a face left as it comes
from the quarry and not smoothed with the chisel or point; -- said of
stones.

Quar"ry-man (?), n.; pl. Quarrymen (&?;). A man who is engaged in
quarrying stones; a quarrier.

Quart (?), n. [F. quart, n. masc., fr. L. quartus the fourth, akin to
quattuor four. See Four, and cf. 2d Carte, Quarto.] The fourth part; a
quarter; hence, a region of the earth. [Obs.]

    Camber did possess the western quart.


Spenser.

Quart, n. [F. quarte, n. fem., fr. quart fourth. See Quart a quarter.]
1. A measure of capacity, both in dry and in liquid measure; the fourth
part of a gallon; the eighth part of a peck; two pints.

In imperial measure, a quart is forty English fluid ounces; in wine
measure, it is thirty-two American fluid ounces. The United States dry
quart contains 67.20 cubic inches, the fluid quart 57.75. The English
quart contains 69.32 cubic inches.

2. A vessel or measure containing a quart.

Quart (?), n. [See Quart a quarter.] In cards, four successive cards of
the same suit. Cf. Tierce, 4. Hoyle.

Quar"tan (?), a. [F. quartain, in fiËvre quartaine, L. quartanus, fr.
quartus the fourth. See Quart.] Of or pertaining to the fourth;
occurring every fourth day, reckoning inclusively; as, a quartan ague,
or fever.

Quar"tan, n. 1. (Med.) An intermittent fever which returns every fourth
day, reckoning inclusively, that is, one in which the interval between
paroxysms is two days.

2. A measure, the fourth part of some other measure.

Quar"tane (?), n. [L. quartus the fourth.] (Chem.) Butane, each
molecule of which has four carbon atoms.

Quar*ta"tion (?), n. [L. quartus the fourth: cf. F. quartation. So
called because usually enough silver is added to make the amount of
gold in the alloyed button about one fourth.] (Chem. & Assaying) The
act, process, or result (in the process of parting) of alloying a
button of nearly pure gold with enough silver to reduce the fineness so
as to allow acids to attack and remove all metals except the gold; --
called also inquartation. Compare Parting.

||Quarte (?), n. [F.] Same as 2d Carte.

Quar"tene (?), n. [Ouartane + ethylene.] (Chem.) Same as Butylene.

Quar"ten*yl"ic (?), a. [Quartene + -yl + -ic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
or designating, an acid of the acrylic acid series, metameric with
crotonic acid, and obtained as a colorless liquid; -- so called from
having four carbon atoms in the molecule. Called also isocrotonic acid.

Quar"ter (?), n. [F. quartier, L. quartarius a fourth part, fr. quartus
the fourth. See Quart.] 1. One of four equal parts into which anything
is divided, or is regarded as divided; a fourth part or portion; as, a
quarter of a dollar, of a pound, of a yard, of an hour, etc. Hence,
specifically: (a) The fourth of a hundred-weight, being 25 or 28
pounds, according as the hundredweight is reckoned at 100 or 112
pounds. (b) The fourth of a ton in weight, or eight bushels of grain;
as, a quarter of wheat; also, the fourth part of a chaldron of coal.
Hutton. (c) (Astron.) The fourth part of the moon's period, or monthly
revolution; as, the first quarter after the change or full. (d) One
limb of a quadruped with the adjacent parts; one fourth part of the
carcass of a slaughtered animal, including a leg; as, the fore
quarters; the hind quarters. (e) That part of a boot or shoe which
forms the side, from the heel to the vamp. (f) (Far.) That part on
either side of a horse's hoof between the toe and heel, being the side
of the coffin. (g) A term of study in a seminary, college, etc, etc.;
properly, a fourth part of the year, but often longer or shorter. (h)
pl. (Mil.) The encampment on one of the principal passages round a
place besieged, to prevent relief and intercept convoys. (i) (Naut.)
The after-part of a vessel's side, generally corresponding in extent
with the quarter-deck; also, the part of the yardarm outside of the
slings. (j) (Her.) One of the divisions of an escutcheon when it is
divided into four portions by a horizontal and a perpendicular line
meeting in the fess point.

When two coats of arms are united upon one escutcheon, as in case of
marriage, the first and fourth quarters display one shield, the second
and third the other. See Quarter, v. t., 5.

(k) One of the four parts into which the horizon is regarded as
divided; a cardinal point; a direction' principal division; a region; a
territory.

    Scouts each coast light-armed scour, Each quarter, to descry the
    distant foe.


Milton.

(l) A division of a town, city, or county; a particular district; a
locality; as, the Latin quarter in Paris. (m) (Arch.) A small upright
timber post, used in partitions; -- in the United States more commonly
called stud. (n) (Naut.) The fourth part of the distance from one point
of the compass to another, being the fourth part of 11∞ 15&prime;, that
is, about 2∞ 49&prime;; -- called also quarter point.

2. Proper station; specific place; assigned position; special location.

    Swift to their several quarters hasted then The cumbrous elements.


Milton.

Hence, specifically: (a) (Naut.) A station at which officers and men
are posted in battle; -- usually in the plural. (b) Place of lodging or
temporary residence; shelter; entertainment; -- usually in the plural.

    The banter turned as to what quarters each would find.


W. Irving.

(c) pl. (Mil.) A station or encampment occupied by troops; a place of
lodging for soldiers or officers; as, winter quarters. (d) Treatment
shown by an enemy; mercy; especially, the act of sparing the life a
conquered enemy; a refraining from pushing one's advantage to extremes.

    He magnified his own clemency, now they were at his mercy, to offer
    them quarter for their lives.


Clarendon.

    Cocks and lambs . . . at the mercy of cats and wolves . . . must
    never expect better quarter.


L'Estrange.

3. Friendship; amity; concord. [Obs.] To keep quarter, to keep one's
proper place, and so be on good terms with another. [Obs.]

    In quarter, and in terms like bride and groom.


Shak.

    I knew two that were competitors for the secretary's place, . . .
    and yet kept good quarter between themselves.


Bacon.

False quarter, a cleft in the quarter of a horse's foot. -- Fifth
quarter, the hide and fat; -- a butcher's term. -- On the quarter
(Naut.), in a direction between abeam and astern; opposite, or nearly
opposite, a vessel's quarter. -- Quarter aspect. (Astrol.) Same as
Quadrate. - - Quarter back (Football), the player who has position next
behind center rush, and receives the ball on the snap back. -- Quarter
badge (Naut.), an ornament on the side of a vessel near, the stern.
Mar. Dict. -- Quarter bill (Naut.), a list specifying the different
stations to be taken by the officers and crew in time of action, and
the names of the men assigned to each. -- Quarter block (Naut.), a
block fitted under the quarters of a yard on each side of the slings,
through which the clew lines and sheets are reeved. R. H. Dana, Jr. --
Quarter boat (Naut.), a boat hung at a vessel's quarter. -- Quarter
cloths (Naut.), long pieces of painted canvas, used to cover the
quarter netting. -- Quarter day, a day regarded as terminating a
quarter of the year; hence, one on which any payment, especially rent,
becomes due. In matters influenced by United States statutes, quarter
days are the first days of January, April, July, and October. In New
York and many other places, as between landlord and tenant, they are
the first days of May, August, November, and February. The quarter days
usually recognized in England are 25th of March (Lady Day), the 24th of
June (Midsummer Day), the 29th of September (Michaelmas Day), and the
25th of December (Christmas Day). -- Quarter face, in fine arts,
portrait painting, etc., a face turned away so that but one quarter is
visible. -- Quarter gallery (Naut.), a balcony on the quarter of a
ship. See Gallery, 4. -- Quarter gunner (Naut.), a petty officer who
assists the gunner. -- Quarter look, a side glance. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
-- Quarter nettings (Naut.), hammock nettings along the quarter rails.
-- Quarter note (Mus.), a note equal in duration to half a minim or a
fourth of semibreve; a crochet. -- Quarter pieces (Naut.), several
pieces of timber at the after-part of the quarter gallery, near the
taffrail. Totten. -- Quarter point. (Naut.) See Quarter, n., 1 (n). --
Quarter railing, or Quarter rails (Naut.), narrow molded planks
reaching from the top of the stern to the gangway, serving as a fence
to the quarter-deck. -- Quarter sessions (Eng. Law), a general court of
criminal jurisdiction held quarterly by the justices of peace in
counties and by the recorders in boroughs. -- Quarter square (Math.),
the fourth part of the square of a number. Tables of quarter squares
have been devised to save labor in multiplying numbers. -- Quarter
turn, Quarter turn belt (Mach.), an arrangement in which a belt
transmits motion between two shafts which are at right angles with each
other. -- Quarter watch (Naut.), a subdivision of the full watch (one
fourth of the crew) on a man-of- war. -- To give, or show, quarter
(Mil.), to accept as prisoner, on submission in battle; to forbear to
kill, as a vanquished enemy. -- To keep quarter. See Quarter, n., 3.

Quar"ter (kw‰r"tr), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quartered (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Quartering.] 1. To divide into four equal parts.

<! p. 1175 !>

2. To divide; to separate into parts or regions.

    Then sailors quartered heaven.


Dryden.

3. To furnish with shelter or entertainment; to supply with the means
of living for a time; especially, to furnish shelter to; as, to quarter
soldiers.

    They mean this night in Sardis to be quartered.


Shak.

4. To furnish as a portion; to allot. [R.]

    This isle . . . He quarters to his blue-haired deities.


Milton.

5. (Her.) To arrange (different coats of arms) upon one escutcheon, as
when a man inherits from both father and mother the right to bear arms.

When only two coats of arms are so combined they are arranged in four
compartments. See Quarter, n., 1 (f).

Quar"ter (kw‰r"tr), v. i. To lodge; to have a temporary residence.

Quar"ter, v. i. [F. cartayer.] To drive a carriage so as to prevent the
wheels from going into the ruts, or so that a rut shall be between the
wheels.

    Every creature that met us would rely on us for quartering.


De Quincey.

Quar"ter*age (?), n. A quarterly allowance.

Quar"ter-deck` (?), n. (Naut.) That part of the upper deck abaft the
mainmast, including the poop deck when there is one.

The quarter-deck is reserved as a promenade for the officers and (in
passenger vessels) for the cabin passengers.

Quar"ter*foil` (?), n. [Quarier + foil: cf. F. quatre.] (Arch.) An
ornamental foliation having four lobes, or foils.

Quar"ter*hung` (?), a. (Ordnance) Having trunnions the axes of which
lie below the bore; -- said of a cannon.

Quar"ter*ing, a. 1. (Naut.) Coming from a point well abaft the beam,
but not directly astern; -- said of waves or any moving object.

2. (Mach.) At right angles, as the cranks of a locomotive, which are in
planes forming a right angle with each other.

Quar"ter*ing, n. 1. A station. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu.

2. Assignment of quarters for soldiers; quarters.

3. (Her.) (a) The division of a shield containing different coats of
arms into four or more compartments. (b) One of the different coats of
arms arranged upon an escutcheon, denoting the descent of the bearer.

4. (Arch.) A series of quarters, or small upright posts. See Quarter,
n., 1 (m) (Arch.) Gwilt.

Quartering block, a block on which the body of a condemned criminal was
quartered. Macaulay.

Quar"ter*ly, a. 1. Containing, or consisting of, a fourth part; as,
quarterly seasons.

2. Recurring during, or at the end of, each quarter; as, quarterly
payments of rent; a quarterly meeting.

Quar"ter*ly, n.; pl. Quarterlies (&?;). A periodical work published
once a quarter, or four times in a year.

Quar"ter*ly, adv. 1. By quarters; once in a quarter of a year; as, the
returns are made quarterly.

2. (Her.) In quarters, or quarterings; as, to bear arms quarterly; in
four or more parts; -- said of a shield thus divided by lines drawn
through it at right angles.

Quar"ter*mas`ter (?), n. [Quarter + master: cf. F. quartier-maÓtre.] 1.
(Mil.) An officer whose duty is to provide quarters, provisions,
storage, clothing, fuel, stationery, and transportation for a regiment
or other body of troops, and superintend the supplies.

2. (Naut.) A petty officer who attends to the helm, binnacle, signals,
and the like, under the direction of the master. Totten.

Quartermaster general (Mil.), in the United States a staff officer, who
has the rank of brigadier general and is the chief officer in the
quartermaster's department; in England, an officer of high rank
stationed at the War Office having similar duties; also, a staff
officer, usually a general officer, accompanying each complete army in
the field. -- Quartermaster sergeant. See Sergeant.

Quar"tern (?), n.[OE. quarteroun, quartron, F. quarteron, the fourth
part of a pound, or of a hundred; cf. L. quartarius a fourth part,
quarter of any measure, quartern, gill. See Quarter, and cf. Quarteron,
Quadroon.] 1. A quarter. Specifically: (a) The fourth part of a pint; a
gill. (b) The fourth part of a peck, or of a stone (14 ibs.).

2. A loaf of bread weighing about four pounds; -- called also quartern
loaf. Simmonds.

Quar"ter*on (?), n. [F. See Quartern.] A quarter; esp., a quarter of a
pound, or a quarter of a hundred. Piers Plowman.

{ Quar"ter*on (?), Quar"ter*oon (?) }, n. A quadroon.

Quar"ter*pace` (?), n. (Arch.) A platform of a staircase where the
stair turns at a right angle only. See Halfpace.

Quar"ter round` (?). (Arch.) An ovolo.

Quar"ter*staff` (?), n.; pl. Quarterstaves (&?;). A long and stout
staff formerly used as a weapon of defense and offense; -- so called
because in holding it one hand was placed in the middle, and the other
between the middle and the end.

{ Quar*tet", Quar*tette" } (?), n. [It. quartetto, dim. of quarto the
fourth, a fourth part, fr. L. quartus the fourth. See Quart.] 1. (Mus.)
(a) A composition in four parts, each performed by a single voice or
instrument. (b) The set of four person who perform a piece of music in
four parts.

2. (Poet.) A stanza of four lines.

Quar"tic (?), a. [L. quartus fourth.] (Mach.) Of the fourth degree.

Quar"tic (?), n. (a) (Alg.) A quantic of the fourth degree. See
Quantic. (b) (Geom.) A curve or surface whose equation is of the fourth
degree in the variables.

Quar"tile (?), n. [F. quartile aspect, fr. L. quartus the fourth. See
Quart.] (Astrol.) Same as Quadrate.

Quar"tine (?), n. [F., fr. L. quartus the fourth.] (Bot.) A supposed
fourth integument of an ovule, counting from the outside.

Quar"to (?), a. [L. in quarto in fourth, from quartus the fourth: cf.
F. (in) quarto. See Quart.] Having four leaves to the sheet; of the
form or size of a quarto.

Quar"to, n.; pl. Quartos (&?;). Originally, a book of the size of the
fourth of sheet of printing paper; a size leaves; in present usage, a
book of a square or nearly square form, and usually of large size.

Quar"tridge (?), n. Quarterage. [Obs.]

Quartz (?), n. [G. quarz.] (Min.) A form of silica, or silicon dioxide
(SiO2), occurring in hexagonal crystals, which are commonly colorless
and transparent, but sometimes also yellow, brown, purple, green, and
of other colors; also in cryptocrystalline massive forms varying in
color and degree of transparency, being sometimes opaque.

The crystalline varieties include: amethyst, violet; citrine and false
topaz, pale yellow; rock crystal, transparent and colorless or nearly
so; rose quartz, rosecolored; smoky quartz, smoky brown. The chief
crypto-crystalline varieties are: agate, a chalcedony in layers or
clouded with different colors, including the onyx and sardonyx;
carnelian and sard, red or flesh- colored chalcedony; chalcedony,
nearly white, and waxy in luster; chrysoprase, an apple-green
chalcedony; flint, hornstone, basanite, or touchstone, brown to black
in color and compact in texture; heliotrope, green dotted with red;
jasper, opaque, red yellow, or brown, colored by iron or ferruginous
clay; prase, translucent and dull leek-green. Quartz is an essential
constituent of granite, and abounds in rocks of all ages. It forms the
rocks quartzite (quartz rock) and sandstone, and makes most of the sand
of the seashore.

Quartz*if"er*ous (?), a. [Quartz + -ferous.] (Min.) Consisting chiefly
of quartz; containing quartz.

Quartz"ite (?), n. [Cf. F. quartzite.] (Min.) Massive quartz occurring
as a rock; a metamorphosed sandstone; -- called also quartz rock.

Quartz"oid (?), n. [Quartz + - oid.] (Crystallog.) A form of crystal
common with quartz, consisting of two six-sided pyramids, base to base.

Quartz"ose` (?), a. [Cf. F. quartzeux, G. quarzig.] (Min.) Containing,
or resembling, quartz; partaking of the nature or qualities of quartz.

quartz"ous (?), a. (Min.) Quarzose.

Quartz"y (?), a. (Min.) Quartzose.

Quas (?), n. A kind of beer. Same as Quass.

{ Quas"chi (?), Quas"je (?) }, n. (Zoˆl.) The brown coati. See Coati.

Quash (?), n. Same as Squash.

Quash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quashing.] [OF.
quasser, F. casser, fr. L. cassare to annihilate, annul, fr. cassus
empty, vain, of uncertain origin. The word has been confused with L.
quassare to shake, F. casser to break, which is probably of different
origin. Cf. Cashier, v. t.] (Law) To abate, annul, overthrow, or make
void; as, to quash an indictment. Blackstone.

Quash, v. t. [OF. quasser, F. casser, fr. L. quassare to shake,
shatter, shiver, v. intens. fr. quatere, quassum, to shake, shatter.
Cf. Concussion, Discuss, Rescue, and also Quash to annul.] 1. To beat
down, or beat in pieces; to dash forcibly; to crush.

    The whales Against sharp rocks, like reeling vessels, quashed,
    Though huge as mountains, are in pieces dashed.


Waller.

2. To crush; to subdue; to suppress or extinguish summarily and
completely; as, to quash a rebellion.

    Contrition is apt to quash or allay all worldly grief.


Barrow.

Quash, v. i. To be shaken, or dashed about, with noise.

Quash"ee (?), n. A negro of the West Indies.

Qua"si (?). [L.] As if; as though; as it were; in a manner sense or
degree; having some resemblance to; qualified; -- used as an adjective,
or a prefix with a noun or an adjective; as, a quasi contract, an
implied contract, an obligation which has arisen from some act, as if
from a contract; a quasi corporation, a body that has some, but not
all, of the peculiar attributes of a corporation; a quasi argument,
that which resembles, or is used as, an argument; quasi historical,
apparently historical, seeming to be historical.

Quas`i*mo"do (?), n. [So called from the first words of the Latin
introit, quasi modo geniti infantes as newborn babes, 1 Pet. ii. 2.]
(R. C. Ch.) The first Sunday after Easter; Low Sunday.

Quass (?), n. [Russ. kvas'.] A thin, sour beer, made by pouring warm
water on rye or barley meal and letting it ferment, -- much used by the
Russians. [written also quas.]

Quas*sa"tion (?), n. [L. quassatio, from quassare to shake. See Quash
to crush.] The act of shaking, or the state of being shaken. Gayton.

Quas"si*a (?), n. [NL. From the name of a negro, Quassy, or Quash, who
prescribed this article as a specific.] The wood of several tropical
American trees of the order SimarubeÊ, as Quassia amara, PicrÊna
excelsa, and Simaruba amara. It is intensely bitter, and is used in
medicine and sometimes as a substitute for hops in making beer.

Quas"sin (?), n. [Cf. F. quassine. See Quassia.] (Chem.) The bitter
principle of quassia, extracted as a white crystalline substance; --
formerly called quassite. [Written also quassin, and quassine.]

Quat (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (a) A pustule. [Obs.] (b) An
annoying, worthless person. Shak.

Quat, v. t. To satiate; to satisfy. [Prov. Eng.]

Qua"ta (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The coaita.

Quatch (?), a. Squat; flat. [Obs.] Shak.

Qua"ter-cous`in (?), n. [F. quatre four + cousin, E. cousin.] A cousin
within the first four degrees of kindred.

Qua*ter"na*ry (?), a. [L. quaternarius consisting of four each,
containing four, fr. quaterni four each, fr. quattuor four: cf. F.
quaternaire. See Four.]

1. Consisting of four; by fours, or in sets of four.

2. (Geol.) Later than, or subsequent to, the Tertiary; Post-tertiary;
as, the Quaternary age, or Age of man.

Qua*ter"na*ry, n. [L. numerus quaternarius: cf. F. quaternaire.] 1. The
number four. Boyle.

2. (Geol.) The Quaternary age, era, or formation. See the Chart of
Geology.

Qua*ter"nate (?), a. Composed of, or arranged in, sets of four;
quaternary; as, quaternate leaves.

Qua*ter"ni*on (?), n. [L. quaternio, fr. quaterni four each. See
Quaternary.] 1. The number four. [Poetic]

2. A set of four parts, things, or person; four things taken
collectively; a group of four words, phrases, circumstances, facts, or
the like.

    Delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers.


Acts xii. 4.

    Ye elements, the eldest birth Of Nature's womb, that in quaternion
    run.


Milton.

    The triads and quaternions with which he loaded his sentences.


Sir W. Scott.

3. A word of four syllables; a quadrisyllable.

4. (Math.) The quotient of two vectors, or of two directed right lines
in space, considered as depending on four geometrical elements, and as
expressible by an algebraic symbol of quadrinomial form.

The science or calculus of quaternions is a new mathematical method, in
which the conception of a quaternion is unfolded and symbolically
expressed, and is applied to various classes of algebraical,
geometrical, and physical questions, so as to discover theorems, and to
arrive at the solution of problems. Sir W. R. Hamilton.

Qua*ter"ni*on, v. t. To divide into quaternions, files, or companies.
Milton.

Qua*ter"ni*ty (?), n. [LL. quaternitas, fr. L. quaterni four each: cf.
F. quaternitÈ.] 1. The number four. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

2. The union of four in one, as of four persons; -- analogous to the
theological term trinity.

Qua"ter*on (?), n. See 2d Quarteron.

Qua*torz"ain (?), n. [See Quatorze.] A poem of fourteen lines; a
sonnet. R. H. Stoddard.

Qua*torze" (?), n. [F. quatorze fourteen, L. quattuordecim. See
Fourteen.] The four aces, kings, queens, knaves, or tens, in the game
of piquet; -- so called because quatorze counts as fourteen points.

Quat"rain (?), n. [F., fr. quatre four, L. quattuor, quatuor. See
Four.] (Pros.) A stanza of four lines rhyming alternately. Dryden.

Qua"tre (?), n. [F.] A card, die. or domino, having four spots, or pips

{ Qua"tre*feuille (?), Qua"tre*foil (?), } n. [F. quatre feuilles.]
Same as Quarterfoil.

Quat"u*or (?), n. [F., fr. L. quattuor, quatuor, four. See Quartet.]
(Mus.) A quartet; -- applied chiefly to instrumental compositions.

Quave (?), n. See Quaver. [Obs.]

Quave, v. i. To quaver. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Quave"mire` (?), n. See Quagmire. [Obs.]

Qua"ver, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quavered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quavering.]
[OE. quaven to shake, to tremble; cf. LG. quabbeln to shake, to be
soft, of fat substances, quabbe a fat lump of flesh, a dewlap, D.
kwabbe, and E. quiver, v.] 1. To tremble; to vibrate; to shake. Sir I.
Newton.

2. Especially, to shake the voice; to utter or form sound with rapid or
tremulous vibrations, as in singing; also, to trill on a musical
instrument

Qua"ver, v. t. To utter with quavers.

    We shall hear her quavering them . . . to some sprightly airs of
    the opera.


Addison.

Qua"ver, n. 1. A shake, or rapid and tremulous vibration, of the voice,
or of an instrument of music.

2. (Mus.) An eighth note. See Eighth.

Qua"ver*er (?), n. One who quavers; a warbler.

Quay (?), n. [F. quai. See Key quay.] A mole, bank, or wharf, formed
toward the sea, or at the side of a harbor, river, or other navigable
water, for convenience in loading and unloading vessels. [Written also
key.]

Quay (?), v. t. To furnish with quays.

Quay"age (?), n. [F.] Wharfage. [Also keyage.]

Quayd (?), p. p. of Quail. [Obs.] Spenser.

Que (?), n. [Cf. 3d Cue.] A half farthing. [Obs.]

Queach (?), n. [Cf. Quick.] A thick, bushy plot; a thicket. [Obs.]
Chapman.

Queach, v. i. [Cf. E. quich, v. i., quick, v. i.; or AS. cweccan to
shake.] To stir; to move. See Quick, v. i. [Obs.]

Queach"y (?), a. 1. Yielding or trembling under the feet, as moist or
boggy ground; shaking; moving. "The queachy fens." "Godwin's queachy
sands." Drayton.

2. Like a queach; thick; bushy. [Obs.] Cockeram.

Quean (?), n. [Originally, a woman, AS. cwene; akin to OS. quena, OHG.
quena, Icel. kona, Goth qin&?;, and AS. cwÈn, also to Gr. &?; woman,
wife, Skr. gn goddess. Cf. Queen.] 1. A woman; a young or unmarried
woman; a girl. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.

2. A low woman; a wench; a slut. "The dread of every scolding quean."
Gay.

Quea"si*ly (?), adv. In a queasy manner.

Quea"si*ness, n. The state of being queasy; nausea; qualmishness;
squeamishness. Shak.

<! p. 1176 !>

Quea"sy (?), a. [Icel. kweisa pain; cf. Norw. kveis sickness after a
debauch.] 1. Sick at the stomach; affected with nausea; inclined to
vomit; qualmish.

2. Fastidious; squeamish; delicate; easily disturbed; unsettled;
ticklish. " A queasy question." Shak.

    Some seek, when queasy conscience has its qualms.


Cowper.

Que*bec" group` (?). (Geol.) The middle of the three groups into which
the rocks of the Canadian period have been divided in the American
Lower Silurian system. See the Chart of Geology.

||Que*bra"cho (?), n. [Sp.] (Bot.) A Chilian apocynaceous tree
||(Aspidosperma Quebracho); also, its bark, which is used as a
||febrifuge, and for dyspnúa of the lung, or bronchial diseases; --
||called also white quebracho, to distinguish it from the red
||quebracho, a Mexican anacardiaceous tree (Loxopterygium Lorentzii)
||whose bark is said to have similar properties. J. Smith (Dict. Econ.
||Plants).

Queb"rith (?), n. [OE. quebrit, quibrith, Ar. kibrt.] (Alchemy)
Sulphur. [Obs.]

{ Quech (?), Queck (?), } v. i. [Cf. Quick, Queach.] A word occurring
in a corrupt passage of Bacon's Essays, and probably meaning, to stir,
to move.

Queen (?), n. [OE. quen, quene, queen, quean, AS. cwn wife, queen,
woman; akin to OS. qun wife, woman, Icel. kvn wife, queen, Goth. qns.
&radic;221. See Quean.] 1. The wife of a king.

2. A woman who is the sovereign of a kingdom; a female monarch; as,
Elizabeth, queen of England; Mary, queen of Scots.

    In faith, and by the heaven's quene.


Chaucer.

3. A woman eminent in power or attractions; the highest of her kind;
as, a queen in society; -- also used figuratively of cities, countries,
etc. " This queen of cities." " Albion, queen of isles." Cowper.

4. The fertile, or fully developed, female of social bees, ants, and
termites.

5. (Chess) The most powerful, and except the king the most important,
piece in a set of chessmen.

6. A playing card bearing the picture of a queen; as, the queen of
spades.

Queen apple. [Cf. OE. quyne aple quince apple.] A kind of apple; a
queening. "Queen apples and red cherries." Spenser. -- Queen bee
(Zoˆl.), a female bee, especially the female of the honeybee. See
Honeybee. -- Queen conch (Zoˆl.), a very large West Indian cameo conch
(Cassis cameo). It is much used for making cameos. -- Queen consort,
the wife of a reigning king. Blackstone. -- Queen dowager, the widow of
a king. -- Queen gold, formerly a revenue of the queen consort of
England, arising from gifts, fines, etc. -- Queen mother, a queen
dowager who is also mother of the reigning king or queen. -- Queen of
May. See May queen, under May. -- Queen of the meadow (Bot.), a
European herbaceous plant (SpirÊa Ulmaria). See Meadowsweet. -- Queen
of the prairie (Bot.), an American herb (SpirÊa lobata) with ample
clusters of pale pink flowers. -- Queen pigeon (Zoˆl.), any one of
several species of very large and handsome crested ground pigeons of
the genus Goura, native of New Guinea and the adjacent islands. They
are mostly pale blue, or ash-blue, marked with white, and have a large
occipital crest of spatulate feathers. Called also crowned pigeon,
goura, and Victoria pigeon. -- Queen regent, or Queen regnant, a queen
reigning in her own right. -- Queen's Bench. See King's Bench. --
Queen's counsel, Queen's evidence. See King's counsel, King's evidence,
under King. -- Queen's delight (Bot.), an American plant (Stillinqia
sylvatica) of the Spurge family, having an herbaceous stem and a
perennial woody root. -- Queen's metal (Metal.), an alloy somewhat
resembling pewter or britannia, and consisting essentially of tin with
a slight admixture of antimony, bismuth, and lead or copper. -- Queen's
pigeon. (Zoˆl.) Same as Queen pigeon, above. -- Queen's ware, glazed
English earthenware of a cream color. -- Queen's yellow (Old Chem.), a
heavy yellow powder consisting of a basic mercuric sulphate; --
formerly called turpetum minerale, or Turbith's mineral.

Queen, v. i. To act the part of a queen. Shak.

Queen, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Queened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Queening.]
(Chess.) To make a queen (or other piece, at the player's discretion)
of by moving it to the eighth row; as, to queen a pawn.

Queen"craft` (?), n. Craft or skill in policy on the part of a queen.

    Elizabeth showed much queencraft in procuring the votes of the
    nobility.


Fuller.

Queen"dom (?), n. The dominion, condition, or character of a queen.
Mrs. Browning.

Queen"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A California sciÊnoid food fish (Seriphys
politus). The back is bluish, and the sides and belly bright silvery.
Called also kingfish.

Queen"hood (?), n. The state, personality, or character of a queen;
queenliness. Tennyson.

Queen"ing (?), n. [See Queen apple.] (Bot.) Any one of several kinds of
apples, as summer queening, scarlet queening, and early queening. An
apple called the queening was cultivated in England two hundred years
ago.

Queen"li*ness (?), n. The quality of being queenly; the; characteristic
of a queen; stateliness; eminence among women in attractions or power.

Queen"ly, a. [AS. cwnlic feminine.] Like, becoming, or suitable to, a
queen.

Queen"-post` (?), n. [Arch.] One of two suspending posts in a roof
truss, or other framed truss of similar form. See King-post.

Queen"ship, n. The state, rank, or dignity of a queen.

Queens"land nut` (?). (Bot.) The nut of an Australian tree (Macadamia
ternifolia). It is about an inch in diameter, and contains a single
round edible seed, or sometimes two hemispherical seeds. So called from
Queensland in Australia.

Queen" truss (?). (Arch.) A truss framed with queen-posts; a queen-post
truss.

Queer (?), a. [Compar. Queerer (?); superl. Queerest.] [G. quer cross,
oblique, athwart (cf. querkopf a queer fellow), OHG. twer, twerh,
dwerah; akin to D. dvars, AS, ˛weorh thwart, bent, twisted, Icel. ˛verr
thwart, transverse, Goth. ˛waÏrhs angry, and perh. to L. torqyere to
twist, and E. through. Cf. Torture, Through, Thwart, a.] 1. At variance
with what is usual or normal; differing in some odd way from what is
ordinary; odd; singular; strange; whimsical; as, a queer story or act.
" A queer look." W. Irving.

2. Mysterious; suspicious; questionable; as, a queer transaction.
[Colloq.]

Queer, n. Counterfeit money. [Slang]

To shove the queer, to put counterfeit money in circulation. [Slang]

Queer"ish, a. Rather queer; somewhat singular.

Queer"ly, adv. In a queer or odd manner.

Queer"ness, n. The quality or state of being queer.

Queest (?), n. [Cf. Icel. kvisa a kind of bird, kvistr a branch of a
tree, and E. cushat.] (Zoˆl.) The European ringdove (Columba palumbus);
the cushat. [Written also quist, queeze, quice, queece.] See Ringdove.

Quegh (?), n. A drinking vessel. See Quaich.

Queint (?), a. See Quaint. [Obs.]

Queint, obs. imp. & p. p. of Quench. Chaucer.

Queint"ise (?), n. See Quaintise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Quell (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quelled (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n.
Quelling.] [See Quail to cower.]

1. To die. [Obs.]

    Yet he did quake and quaver, like to quell.


Spenser.

2. To be subdued or abated; to yield; to abate. [R.]

    Winter's wrath begins to quell.


Spenser.

Quell, v. t. [OE. quellen to kill, AS. cwellan, causative of cwelan to
die; akin to OHG. quellen to torment, Icel. kvelja. See Quail to
cower.] 1. To take the life of; to kill. [Obs.] Spenser.

    The ducks cried as [if] men would them quelle.


Chaucer.

2. To overpower; to subdue; to put down.

    The nation obeyed the call, rallied round the sovereign, and
    enabled him to quell the disaffected minority.


Macaulay.

    Northward marching to quell the sudden revolt.


Longfellow.

3. To quiet; to allay; to pacify; to cause to yield or cease; as, to
quell grief; to quell the tumult of the soul.

    Much did his words the gentle lady quell.


Spenser.

Syn. -- to subdue; crush; overpower; reduce; put down; repress;
suppress; quiet; allay; calm; pacify.

Quell, n. Murder. [Obs.] Shak.

Quell"er (?), n. 1. A killer; as, Jack the Giant Queller. [Obs.] Wyclif
(Mark vi. 27).

2. One who quells; one who overpowers or subdues.

Quel"li*o (?), n. [Sp. cuello, L. collum neck.] A ruff for the neck.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.

||Quelque"chose` (?), n. [F. quelque chose something.] A trifle; a
||kickshaw. Donne.

Queme (?), v. t. & i. [AS. cwman, akin to cuman to come. &radic;23.] To
please. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Queme"ful (?), a. Kindly; merciful. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Quench (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quenched (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Quenching.] [OE. quenchen, AS. cwencan in cwencan, to extinguish
utterly, causative of cwincan, cwincan, to decrease, disappear; cf. AS.
cwnan, cwnan, to waste or dwindle away.] 1. To extinguish; to
overwhelm; to make an end of; -- said of flame and fire, of things
burning, and figuratively of sensations and emotions; as, to quench
flame; to quench a candle; to quench thirst, love, hate, etc.

    Ere our blood shall quench that fire.


Shak.

    The supposition of the lady's death Will quench the wonder of her
    infamy.


Shak.

2. To cool suddenly, as heated steel, in tempering.

Syn. -- To extinguish; still; stifle; allay; cool; check.

Quench, v. i. To become extinguished; to go out; to become calm or
cool. [R.]

    Dost thou think in time She will not quench!


Shak.

Quench"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being quenched.

Quench"er (?), n. One who, or that which, quenches. Hammond.

Quench"less, a. Incapable of being quenched; inextinguishable; as,
quenchless fire or fury. "Once kindled, quenchless evermore." Byron.

Syn. -- Inextinguishable; unquenchable.

-- Quench"less*ly, adv. -- Quench"less*ness, n.

Que*nelle" (?), n. [F.] (Cookery) A kind of delicate forcemeat,
commonly poached and used as a dish by itself or for garnishing.

Que*nouille train"ing (?). [F. quenouille distaff.] (Hort.) A method of
training trees or shrubs in the shape of a cone or distaff by tying
down the branches and pruning.

Quer`ci*tan"nic (?), a. [L. quercus an oak + E. tannic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a tannic acid found in oak bark and
extracted as a yellowish brown amorphous substance.

Quer"cite (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, C6H7(OH)5,
found in acorns, the fruit of the oak (Quercus). It has a sweet taste,
and is regarded as a pentacid alcohol.

Quer"ci*tin (?), n. (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance, occurring
quite widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, as is apple-tree
bark, horse- chestnut leaves, etc., but originally obtained by the
decomposition of quercitrin. Called also meletin.

Quer"cit*rin (?), n. [Cf. F. quercitrin. See Quercitron.] (Chem.) A
glucoside extracted from the bark of the oak (Quercus) as a bitter
citron-yellow crystalline substance, used as a pigment and called
quercitron.

Quer"cit*ron (?), n. [F. quercitron, the name of the name of tree; L.
quercus an oak + citrus the citron tree.] 1. The yellow inner bark of
the Quercus tinctoria, the American black oak, yellow oak, dyer's oak,
or quercitron oak, a large forest tree growing from Maine to eastern
Texas.

2. Quercitrin, used as a pigment. See Quercitrin.

||Quer"cus (?), n. [L., an oak.] (Bot.) A genus of trees constituted by
||the oak. See Oak.

Quer"ele (?), n. [See 2d Quarrel.] (O. Eng. Law) A complaint to a
court. See Audita Querela. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

Que"rent (?), n. [L. querens, p. pr. of queri to complain.] (O. Eng.
Law) A complainant; a plaintiff.

Que"rent, n. [L. quaerens, p. pr. of quaerere to search for, to
inquire.] An inquirer. [Obs.] Aubrey.

Quer`i*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [L. querimonia a complaint, fr. queri to
complain. See Querulous.] Complaining; querulous; apt to complain. --
Quer`i*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Quer`i*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

Quer"i*mo*ny (?), n. [L. querimonia.] A complaint or complaining.
[Obs.] E. Hall.

Que"rist (?), n. [See Query.] One who inquires, or asks questions.
Swift.

Querk"en (?), v. t. [Icel. kverk throat. &?;.] To stifle or choke.
[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Querl (?), v. t. [G. querlen, quirlen, to twirl, to turn round, fr.
querl, querl, a twirling stick. Cf. Twirl.] To twirl; to turn or wind
round; to coil; as, to querl a cord, thread, or rope. [Local, U.S.]

Querl, n. A coil; a twirl; as, the qwerl of hair on the fore leg of a
blooded horse. [Local, U. S.]

Quern (?), n. [AS. cweorn, cwyrn; akin to D. kweern, OHG. quirn, Icel.
kvern, Sw. qvarn, Dan. quÊrn, Goth. qairnus (in asiluqaÌrnus), Lith.
qÏrnos, and perh. E. corn.] A mill for grinding grain, the upper stone
of which was turned by hand; -- used before the invention of windmills
and watermills. Shak.

    They made him at the querne grind.


Chaucer.

Quer"po (?), n. The inner or body garments taken together. See Cuerpo.
Dryden.

Quer"que*dule (?), n. [L. querquedula.] (Zool.) (a) A teal. (b) The
pintail duck.

Quer"ry (?), n. A groom; an equerry. [Obs.]

Quer`u*len"tial (?), a. Querulous. [R.]

Quer"u*lous (?), a. [L. querulus and querulosus, fr. queri to complain.
Cf. Cry, v., Quarrel a brawl, Quarrelous.] 1. Given to quarreling;
quarrelsome. [Obs.] land.

2. Apt to find fault; habitually complaining; disposed to murmur; as, a
querulous man or people.

    Enmity can hardly be more annoying that querulous, jealous,
    exacting fondness.


Macaulay.

3. Expressing complaint; fretful; whining; as, a querulous tone of
voice.

Syn. -- Complaining; bewailing; lamenting; whining; mourning;
murmuring; discontented; dissatisfied.

-- Quer"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Quer"u*lous*ness, n.

Que"ry (?), n.; pl. Queries (#). [L. quaere, imperative sing. of
quaerere, quaesitum to seek or search for, to ask, inquire. Cf.
Acquire, Conquer, Exquisite, Quest, Require.] 1. A question; an inquiry
to be answered or solved.

    I shall conclude with proposing only some queries, in order to a .
    . . search to be made by others.


Sir I. Newton.

2. A question in the mind; a doubt; as, I have a query about his
sincerity.

3. An interrogation point [?] as the sign of a question or a doubt.

Que"ry, v. i. 1. To ask questions; to make inquiry.

    Each prompt to query, answer, and debate.


Pope.

2. To have a doubt; as, I query if he is right.

Que"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Queried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Querying.] 1.
To put questions about; to elicit by questioning; to inquire into; as,
to query the items or the amount; to query the motive or the fact.

2. To address questions to; to examine by questions.

3. To doubt of; to regard with incredulity.

4. To write " query" (qu., qy., or ?) against, as a doubtful spelling,
or sense, in a proof. See QuÊre.

Que*sal" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The long-tailed, or resplendent, trogon
(Pharomachus mocinno, formerly Trogon resplendens), native of Southern
Mexico and Central America. Called also quetzal, and golden trogon.

The male is remarkable for the brilliant metallic green and gold colors
of his plumage, and for his extremely long plumes, which often exceed
three feet in length.

<! p. 1177 !>

Quest (?), n. [OF. queste, F. quÍte, fr. L. quaerere, quaesitum, to
seek for, to ask. Cf. Query, Question.] 1. The act of seeking, or
looking after anything; attempt to find or obtain; search; pursuit; as,
to rove in quest of game, of a lost child, of property, etc.

    Upon an hard adventure yet in quest.


Spenser.

    Cease your quest of love.


Shak.

    There ended was his quest, there ceased his care.


Milton.

2. Request; desire; solicitation.

    Gad not abroad at every quest and call Of an untrained hope or
    passion.


Herbert.

3. Those who make search or inquiry, taken collectively.

    The senate hath sent about three several quests to search you out.


Shak.

4. Inquest; jury of inquest.

    What lawful quest have given their verdict ?


Shak.

Quest, v. t. [Cf. OF. quester, F. quÍter. See Quest, n.] To search for;
to examine. [R.] Sir T. Herbert.

Quest, v. i. To go on a quest; to make a search; to go in pursuit; to
beg. [R.]

    If his questing had been unsuccessful, he appeased the rage of
    hunger with some scraps of broken meat.


Macaulay.

Quest"ant (?), n. [OF. questant, F. quÍtant, p. pr.] One who undertakes
a quest; a seeker. [Obs.] Shak.

Quest"er (?), n. One who seeks; a seeker. [Obs.]

Ques"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. quaestio, fr. quaerere, quaesitum, to
seek for, ask, inquire. See Quest, n.] 1. The act of asking;
interrogation; inquiry; as, to examine by question and answer.

2. Discussion; debate; hence, objection; dispute; doubt; as, the story
is true beyond question; he obeyed without question.

    There arose a question between some of John's disciples and the
    Jews about purifying.


John iii. 25.

    It is to be to question, whether it be lawful for Christian princes
    to make an invasive war simply for the propagation of the faith.


Bacon.

3. Examination with reference to a decisive result; investigation;
specifically, a judicial or official investigation; also, examination
under torture. Blackstone.

    He that was in question for the robbery. Shak. The Scottish privy
    council had power to put state prisoners to the question.


Macaulay.

4. That which is asked; inquiry; interrogatory; query.

    But this question asked Puts me in doubt. Lives there who loves his
    pain ?


Milton.

5. Hence, a subject of investigation, examination, or debate; theme of
inquiry; matter to be inquired into; as, a delicate or doubtful
question.

6. Talk; conversation; speech; speech. [Obs.] Shak.

In question, in debate; in the course of examination or discussion; as,
the matter or point in question. -- Leading question. See under
Leading. -- Out of question, unquestionably. "Out of question, 't is
Maria's hand." Shak. -- Out of the question. See under Out. -- Past
question, beyond question; certainly; undoubtedly; unquestionably. --
Previous question, a question put to a parliamentary assembly upon the
motion of a member, in order to ascertain whether it is the will of the
body to vote at once, without further debate, on the subject under
consideration. The form of the question is: "Shall the main question be
now put?" If the vote is in the affirmative, the matter before the body
must be voted upon as it then stands, without further general debate or
the submission of new amendments. In the House of Representatives of
the United States, and generally in America, a negative decision
operates to keep the business before the body as if the motion had not
been made; but in the English Parliament, it operates to postpone
consideration for the day, and until the subject may be again
introduced. In American practice, the object of the motion is to hasten
action, and it is made by a friend of the measure. In English practice,
the object is to get rid of the subject for the time being, and the
motion is made with a purpose of voting against it. Cushing. -- To beg
the question. See under Beg. -- To the question, to the point in
dispute; to the real matter under debate.

Syn. -- Point; topic; subject.

Ques"tion, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Questioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Questioning.] [Cf. F. questionner. See Question, n.] 1. To ask
questions; to inquire.

    He that questioneth much shall learn much.


Bacon.

2. To argue; to converse; to dispute. [Obs.]

    I pray you, think you question with the Jew.


Shak.

Ques"tion, v. t. 1. To inquire of by asking questions; to examine by
interrogatories; as, to question a witness.

2. To doubt of; to be uncertain of; to query.

    And most we question what we most desire.


Prior.

3. To raise a question about; to call in question; to make objection
to. "But have power and right to question thy bold entrance on this
place." Milton.

4. To talk to; to converse with.

    With many holiday and lady terms he questioned me.


Shak.

Syn. -- To ask; interrogate; catechise; doubt; controvert; dispute. --
Question, Inquire, Interrogate. To inquire is merely to ask for
information, and implies no authority in the one who asks. To
interrogate is to put repeated questions in a formal or systematic
fashion to elicit some particular fact or facts. To question has a
wider sense than to interrogate, and often implies an attitude of
distrust or opposition on the part of the questioner.

Ques`tion*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or condition of being
questionable. Stallo.

Ques"tion*a*ble (?), a. 1. Admitting of being questioned; inviting, or
seeming to invite, inquiry. [R.]

    Thou com'st in such a questionable shape That I will speak to thee.


Shak.

2. Liable to question; subject to be doubted or called in question;
problematical; doubtful; suspicious.

    It is questionable whether Galen ever saw the dissection of a human
    body.T.


Baker.

Syn. -- Disputable; debatable; uncertain; doubtful; problematical;
suspicious.

Ques"tion*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being questionable,
doubtful, or suspicious.

Ques"tion*a*bly, adv. In a questionable manner.

Ques"tion*a*ry (?), a. Inquiring; asking questions; testing.
"Questionary epistles." Pope.

Ques"tion*a*ry, n. One who makes it his business to seek after relics
and carry them about for sale.

Ques"tion*er (?), n. One who asks questions; an inquirer. "Little time
for idle questioners." Tennyson.

Ques"tion*ist, n. 1. A questioner; an inquirer. [Obs.]

2. (Eng. Univ.) A candidate for honors or degrees who is near the time
of his examination.

Ques"tion*less, a. Unquestioning; incurious. [R.]

Ques"tion*less, adv. Beyond a question or doubt; doubtless;
certainly.[R.] South.

    What it was in the apostles' time, that, questionless, it must be
    still.


Milton.

Quest"man (?), n.; pl. Questmen (&?;). One legally empowered to make
quest of certain matters, esp. of abuses of weights and measures.
Specifically: (a) A churchwarden's assistant; a sidesman. Blount.
[Obs.] (b) A collector of parish rents. Blount. [Obs.]

Quest"mon`ger (?), n. One who lays informations, and encourages petty
lawsuits. [Obs.] Bacon.

Ques"tor (?), n. [L. quaestor, contr. fr. quaesitor, fr. quaerere,
quaesitum, to seek for, ask: cf. F. questeur.] (Rom. Antiq.) An officer
who had the management of the public treasure; a receiver of taxes,
tribute, etc.; treasurer of state. [Written also quÊstor.]

At an early period there were also public accusers styled questors, but
the office was soon abolished.

Ques"tor*ship, n. The office, or the term of office, of a questor.

Quest"rist (?), n. [See Quest.] A seeker; a pursuer. [Obs.] "Hot
questrists after him." Shak.

Ques"tu*a*ry (?), a. [L. quaestuarius, from quaestus gain, profit,
quaerere, quaesitum, to seek for, earn.] Studious of profit. [Obs.] Sir
T. Browne.

Ques"tu*a*ry, n. One employed to collect profits. [R.] "The pope's
questuaries." Jer. Taylor.

Quet (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The common guillemot. [Prov. Eng.]

Queue (?), n. [F. See Cue.] (a) A tail-like appendage of hair; a
pigtail. (b) A line of persons waiting anywhere.

Queue, v. t. To fasten, as hair, in a queue.

Quey (?), n. [Cf. Dan. qvie.] A heifer. [Scot.]

Quib (?), n. [Cf. Quip.] A quip; a gibe.

Quib"ble (?), n. [Probably fr. quib, quip, but influenced by quillet,
or quiddity.] 1. A shift or turn from the point in question; a trifling
or evasive distinction; an evasion; a cavil.

    Quibbles have no place in the search after truth.


I. Watts.

2. A pun; a low conceit.

Quib"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quibbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quibbling
(?).] 1. To evade the point in question by artifice, play upon words,
caviling, or by raising any insignificant or impertinent question or
point; to trifle in argument or discourse; to equivocate.

2. To pun; to practice punning. Cudworth.

Syn. -- To cavil; shuffle; equivocate; trifle.

Quib"bler (?), n. One who quibbles; a caviler; also, a punster.

Quib"bling*ly (?), adv. Triflingly; evasively.

Qui"ca (?), n. [From the native Brazilian name.] (Zoˆl.) A small South
American opossum (Didelphys quica), native of Guiana and Brazil. It
feeds upon insects, small birds, and fruit.

Quice (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Queest.

Quich (?), v. i. [Cf. Quinch.] To stir. [Obs.]

    He could not move nor quich at all.


Spenser.

Quick (?), a. [Compar. Quicker (?); superl. Quickest.] [As. cwic,
cwicu, cwucu, cucu, living; akin to OS. quik, D. kwik, OHG. quec, chec,
G. keck bold, lively, Icel. kvikr living, Goth. qius, Lith. qvas, Russ.
zhivoi, L. vivus living, vivere to live, Gr. bi`os life, Skr. jva
living, jv to live. Cf. Biography, Vivid, Quitch grass, Whitlow.] 1.
Alive; living; animate; -- opposed to dead or inanimate.

    Not fully quyke, ne fully dead they were.


Chaucer.

    The Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the quick and the dead at
    his appearing and his kingdom.


2 Tim. iv. 1.

    Man is no star, but a quick coal Of mortal fire.


Herbert.

In this sense the word is nearly obsolete, except in some compounds, or
in particular phrases.

2. Characterized by life or liveliness; animated; sprightly; agile;
brisk; ready. " A quick wit." Shak.

3. Speedy; hasty; swift; not slow; as, be quick.

    Oft he her his charge of quick return Repeated.


Milton.

4. Impatient; passionate; hasty; eager; eager; sharp; unceremonious;
as, a quick temper.

    The bishop was somewhat quick with them, and signified that he was
    much offended.


Latimer.

5. Fresh; bracing; sharp; keen.

    The air is quick there, And it pierces and sharpens the stomach.


Shak.

6. Sensitive; perceptive in a high degree; ready; as, a quick ear. "To
have an open ear, a quick eye." Shak.

    They say that women are so quick.


Tennyson.

7. Pregnant; with child. Shak.

Quick grass. (Bot.) See Quitch grass. -- Quick match. See under Match.
-- Quick vein (Mining), a vein of ore which is productive, not barren.
-- Quick vinegar, vinegar made by allowing a weak solution of alcohol
to trickle slowly over shavings or other porous material. -- Quick
water, quicksilver water. -- Quick with child, pregnant with a living
child.

Syn. -- Speedy; expeditious; swift; rapid; hasty; prompt; ready;
active; brisk; nimble; fleet; alert; agile; lively; sprightly.

Quick (?), adv. In a quick manner; quickly; promptly; rapidly; with
haste; speedily; without delay; as, run quick; get back quick.

    If we consider how very quick the actions of the mind are
    performed.


Locke.

Quick, n. 1. That which is quick, or alive; a living animal or plant;
especially, the hawthorn, or other plants used in making a living
hedge.

    The works . . . are curiously hedged with quick.


Evelyn.

2. The life; the mortal point; a vital part; a part susceptible of
serious injury or keen feeling; the sensitive living flesh; the part of
a finger or toe to which the nail is attached; the tender emotions; as,
to cut a finger nail to the quick; to thrust a sword to the quick, to
taunt one to the quick; -- used figuratively.

    This test nippeth, . . . this toucheth the quick.


Latimer.

    How feebly and unlike themselves they reason when they come to the
    quick of the difference !


Fuller.

3. (Bot.) Quitch grass. Tennyson.

Quick, v. t. & i. [See Quicken.] To revive; to quicken; to be or become
alive. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Quick"beam` (?), n. [A. S. cwicbe·m.] See Quicken tree.

Quick"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. quickened (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Quickening.] [AS. cwician. See Quick, a.] 1. To make alive; to vivify;
to revive or resuscitate, as from death or an inanimate state; hence,
to excite; to, stimulate; to incite.

    The mistress which I serve quickens what's dead.


Shak.

    Like a fruitful garden without an hedge, that quickens the appetite
    to enjoy so tempting a prize.


South.

2. To make lively, active, or sprightly; to impart additional energy
to; to stimulate; to make quick or rapid; to hasten; to accelerate; as,
to quicken one's steps or thoughts; to quicken one's departure or
speed.

3. (Shipbuilding) To shorten the radius of (a curve); to make (a curve)
sharper; as, to quicken the sheer, that is, to make its curve more
pronounced.

Syn. -- To revive; resuscitate; animate; reinvigorate; vivify; refresh;
stimulate; sharpen; incite; hasten; accelerate; expedite; dispatch;
speed.

Quick"en, v. i. 1. To come to life; to become alive; to become vivified
or enlivened; hence, to exhibit signs of life; to move, as the fetus in
the womb.

    The heart is the first part that quickens, and the last that dies.


Ray.

    And keener lightnings quicken in her eye.


Pope.

    When the pale and bloodless east began To quicken to the sun.


Tennyson.

2. To move with rapidity or activity; to become accelerated; as, his
pulse quickened.

Quick"en*er, n. One who, or that which, quickens.

Quick"en*ing, n. 1. The act or process of making or of becoming quick.

2. (Physiol.) The first motion of the fetus in the womb felt by the
mother, occurring usually about the middle of the term of pregnancy. It
has been popularly supposed to be due to the fetus becoming possessed
of independent life.

Quick"ens (?), n. (Bot.) Quitch grass.

Quick"en tree` (?). [Probably from quick, and first applied to the
aspen or some tree with quivering leaves; cf. G. quickenbaum,
quizenbaum, quitschenbaum. Cf. Quitch grass.] (Bot.) The European rowan
tree; -- called also quickbeam, and quickenbeam. See Rowan tree.

Quick"hatch` (?), n. [From the American Indian name.] (Zoˆl.) The
wolverine.

Quick"lime (?), n. [See Quick, a.] (Chem.) Calcium oxide; unslacked
lime; -- so called because when wet it develops great heat. See 4th
Lime, 2.

Quick"ly, adv. Speedily; with haste or celerity; soon; without delay;
quick.

Quick"ness, n. 1. The condition or quality of being quick or living;
life. [Obs.]

    Touch it with thy celestial quickness.


Herbert.

2. Activity; briskness; especially, rapidity of motion; speed;
celerity; as, quickness of wit.

    This deed . . . must send thee hence With fiery quickness.


Shak.

    His mind had, indeed, great quickness and vigor.


Macaulay.

3. Acuteness of perception; keen sensibility.

    Would not quickness of sensation be an inconvenience to an animal
    that must lie still ?


Locke

4. Sharpness; pungency of taste. Mortimer.

Syn. -- Velocity; celerity; rapidity; speed; haste; expedition;
promptness; dispatch; swiftness; nimbleness; fleetness; agility;
briskness; liveliness; readiness; sagacity; shrewdness; shrewdness;
sharpness; keenness.

Quick"sand` (?), n. Sand easily moved or readily yielding to pressure;
especially, a deep mass of loose or moving sand mixed with water,
sometimes found at the mouth of a river or along some coasts, and very
dangerous, from the difficulty of extricating a person who begins
sinking into it.

    Life hath quicksands, -- Life hath snares!


Longfellow.

<! p. 1178 !>

Quick"-scent`ed (?), a. Acute of smell.

Quick"set` (?), n. A living plant set to grow, esp. when set for a
hedge; specifically, the hawthorn.

Quick"set`, a. Made of quickset.

    Dates and pomegranates on the quickset hedges.


Walpole.

Quick"set`, v. t. To plant with living shrubs or trees for a hedge; as,
to quickset a ditch. Mortimer.

Quick"-sight`ed (?), a. Having quick sight or acute discernment; quick
to see or to discern. Locke.

--Quick"-sight`ed*ness, n.

Quick"sil`ver (?), n. [Quick living + silver; -- so called from its
fluidity; cf. G. quecksilber, L. argentum vivum. See Quick, a.] (Chem.)
The metal mercury; -- so called from its resemblance to liquid silver.

Quicksilver horizon, a mercurial artificial horizon. See under Horizon.
-- Quicksilver water, a solution of mercury nitrate used in artificial
silvering; quick water.

Quick"sil`vered (?), a. Overlaid with quicksilver, or with an amalgam
of quicksilver and tinfoil.

Quick"sil`ver*ing (?), n. The mercury and foil on the back of a
looking-glass.

Quick"step` (?), n. (Mus.) A lively, spirited march; also, a lively
style of dancing.

Quick"-wit`ted (?), a. Having ready wit Shak.

Quick"-wit`ted*ness, n. Readiness of wit. "Celtic quick-wittedness." M.
Arnold.

Quick"work` (?), n. (Naut.) A term somewhat loosely used to denote: (a)
All the submerged section of a vessel's planking. (b) The planking
between the spirketing and the clamps. (c) The short planks between the
portholes.

Quid (?), n. [See Cud.] A portion suitable to be chewed; a cud; as, a
quid of tobacco.

Quid, v. t. (Man.) To drop from the mouth, as food when partially
chewed; -- said of horses. Youatt.

||Qui"dam (?), n. [L.] Somebody; one unknown. Spenser.

Quid"da*ny (?), n. [L. cydoneum quince juice, quince wine. See Quince.]
A confection of quinces, in consistency between a sirup and marmalade.

Quid"da*tive (?), a. [See Quiddity.] Constituting, or containing, the
essence of a thing; quidditative.

Quid"dit (?), n. [Cf. Quiddity, Quillet, and Quibble.] A subtilty; an
equivocation. [Obs.] Shak.

    By some strange quiddit or some wrested clause.


Drayton.

Quid"di*ta*tive (?), a. Quiddative.

Quid"di*ty (?), n.; pl. Quiddities (#). [LL. quidditas, fr. L. quid
what, neut. of quis who, akin to E. who: cf. F. quidditÈ.] 1. The
essence, nature, or distinctive peculiarity, of a thing; that which
answers the question, Quid est? or, What is it? " The degree of nullity
and quiddity." Bacon.

    The quiddity or characteristic difference of poetry as
    distinguished from prose.


De Quincey.

2. A trifling nicety; a cavil; a quibble.

    We laugh at the quiddities of those writers now.


Coleridge.

Quid"dle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quiddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Quiddling (?).] [L. quid what.] To spend time in trifling employments,
or to attend to useful subjects in an indifferent or superficial
manner; to dawdle.

{ Quid"dle (?), Quid"dler (?), } n. One who wastes his energy about
trifles. Emerson.

Quid"nunc (?), n. [L., what now?] One who is curious to know everything
that passes; one who knows, or pretends to know, all that is going on.
"The idle stories of quidnuncs." Motley.

Qui*esce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quiesced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Quiescing (?).] [L. quiescere, akin to quies rest, quiet. See Quiet, a.
& n.] To be silent, as a letter; to have no sound. M. Stuart.

{ Qui*es"cence (?), Qui*es"cen*cy (?), } n. [L. quiescentia, fr.
quiescens, p. pr.; cf. F. quiestence. See Quiesce.] The state or
quality of being quiescent. "Quiescence, bodily and mental." H.
Spencer.

    Deeds will be done; -- while be boasts his quiescence.


R. Browning.

Qui*es"cent (?), a. [L. quiescens, -entis, p. pr. of quiescere: cf. F.
quiescent. See Quiesce.] 1. Being in a state of repose; at rest; still;
not moving; as, a quiescent body or fluid.

2. Not ruffed with passion; unagitated; not in action; not excited;
quiet; dormant; resting.

    In times of national security, the feeling of patriotism . . . is
    so quiescent that it seems hardly to exist.


Prof. Wilson.

3. (Gram.) Not sounded; silent; as, y is quiescent in "day" and "say."

Qui*es"cent, n. (Gram.) A silent letter. M. Stuart.

Qui*es"cent*ly, adv. In a quiescent manner.

Qui"et (?), a. [Compar. Quieter (?); superl. Quietest.] [L. quietus, p.
p. pf quiescere to rest, keep quiet; akin to quies rest, and prob. to
E. while, n. See While, and cf. Coy, a., Quiesce, Quietus, Quit, a.,
Quite, Requiem.] 1. In a state of rest or calm; without stir, motion,
or agitation; still; as, a quiet sea; quiet air.

    They . . . were quiet all the night, saying, In the morning, when
    it is day, we shall kill him.


Judg. xvi. 2.

2. Free from noise or disturbance; hushed; still.

3. Not excited or anxious; calm; peaceful; placid; settled; as, a quiet
life; a quiet conscience. " So quiet and so sweet a style." Shak.

    That son, who on the quiet state of man Such trouble brought.


Milton.

4. Not giving offense; not exciting disorder or trouble; not turbulent;
gentle; mild; meek; contented.

    The ornament of a meek and quiet spirit.


1 Pet. iii. 4.

    I will sit as quiet as a lamb.


Shak.

5. Not showy; not such as to attract attention; undemonstrative; as, a
quiet dress; quiet colors; a quiet movement.

Syn. -- Still; tranquil; calm; unruffled; smooth; unmolested;
undisturbed; placid; peaceful; mild; peaceable; meek; contented.

Qui"et (?), n. [L. quies, - etis. See Quiet, a.]

1. The quality or state of being quiet, or in repose; as an hour or a
time of quiet.

2. Freedom from disturbance, noise, or alarm; stillness; tranquillity;
peace; security.

    And join with thee, calm Peace and Quiet.


Milton.

At quiet, still; peaceful. -- In quiet, quietly. " I will depart in
quiet." Shak. -- Out of quiet, disturbed; restless. [Obs.] "She is much
out of quiet." Shak.

Qui"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quieted; p. pr. & vb. n. Quieting.] 1. To
stop motion in; to still; to reduce to a state of rest, or of silence.

2. To calm; to appease; to pacify; to lull; to allay; to tranquillize;
as, to quiet the passions; to quiet clamors or disorders; to quiet pain
or grief.

    Quiet yourselves, I pray, and be at peace.


Shak.

Qui"et, v. i. To become still, silent, or calm; -- often with down; as,
be soon quieted down.

Qui"et*age (?), n. Quietness. [Obs.] Spenser.

Qui"et*er (?), n. One who, or that which, quiets.

Qui"et*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. quiÈtisme.] 1. Peace or tranquillity of
mind; calmness; indifference; apathy; dispassion; indisturbance;
inaction.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) The system of the Quietists, who maintained that
religion consists in the withdrawal of the mind from worldly interests
and anxieties and its constant employment in the passive contemplation
of God and his attributes.

Qui"et*ist, n. [Cf. F. quiÈtiste.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of
mystics originated in the seventeenth century by Molinos, a Spanish
priest living in Rome. See Quietism.

Qui`et*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Quietists, or to
Quietism.

Qui"et*ly, adv. 1. In a quiet state or manner; without motion; in a
state of rest; as, to lie or sit quietly.

2. Without tumult, alarm, dispute, or disturbance; peaceably; as, to
live quietly; to sleep quietly.

3. Calmly, without agitation or violent emotion; patiently; as, to
submit quietly to unavoidable evils.

4. Noiselessly; silently; without remark or violent movement; in a
manner to attract little or no observation; as, he quietly left the
room.

Qui"et*ness, n. The quality or state of being quiet; freedom from
noise, agitation, disturbance, or excitement; stillness; tranquillity;
calmness.

    I would have peace and quietness.


Shak.

Qui"et*some (?), a. Calm; still. [Obs.] Spenser.

Qui"e*tude, n. [L. quietudo: cf. F. quiÈtude.] Rest; repose; quiet;
tranquillity. Shelley.

Qui*e"tus (?), n. [LL. quietus quit, discharged, L., at rest, quiet,
dead. See Quiet, a., and cf. Quit, a.] Final discharge or acquittance,
as from debt or obligation; that which silences claims; (Fig.) rest;
death.

    When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin.


Shak.

Quill (?), n. [Perhaps fr. F. quille ninepin (see Kayless); but cf.
also G. kiel a quill. MHG. kil, and Ir. cuille a quill.] 1. One of the
large feathers of a bird's wing, or one of the rectrices of the tail;
also, the stock of such a feather.

2. A pen for writing made by sharpening and splitting the point or nib
of the stock of a feather; as, history is the proper subject of his
quill. Sir H. Wotton.

3. (Zoˆl.) (a) A spine of the hedgehog or porcupine. (b) The pen of a
squid. See Pen.

4. (Mus.) (a) The plectrum with which musicians strike the strings of
certain instruments. (b) The tube of a musical instrument.

    He touched the tender stops of various quills.


Milton.

5. Something having the form of a quill; as: (a) The fold or plain of a
ruff. (b) (Weaving) A spindle, or spool, as of reed or wood, upon which
the thread for the woof is wound in a shuttle. (c) (Mach.) A hollow
spindle.

Quill bit, a bit for boring resembling the half of a reed split
lengthways and having its end sharpened like a gouge. -- Quill driver,
one who works with a pen; a writer; a clerk. [Jocose] -- Quill nib, a
small quill pen made to be used with a holder. Simmonds.

Quill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quilling.] 1.
To plaint in small cylindrical ridges, called quillings; as, to quill a
ruffle.

    His cravat seemed quilled into a ruff.


Goldsmith.

2. To wind on a quill, as thread or yarn. Judd.

Quil*la"ia bark` (?). (Bot.) The bark of a rosaceous tree (Quillaja
Saponaria), native of Chili. The bark is finely laminated, and very
heavy with alkaline substances, and is used commonly by the Chilians
instead of soap. Also called soap bark.

Quill"back` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An American fresh-water fish (Ictiobus, or
Carpiodes, cyprinus); -- called also carp sucker, sailfish, spearfish,
and skimback.

Quilled (?), a. Furnished with quills; also, shaped like quills. "A
sharp-quilled porcupine." Shak.

Quilled suture (Surg.), a variety of stitch in which the threads after
being passed deeply through the edges of a wound are secured about two
quills or bodies of similar shape, in order to produce a suitable
degree of pressure.

Quil"let (?), n. [L. quidlibet what you please. Cf. Quiddit, and
Quibble.] Subtilty; nicety; quibble. "Nice, sharp quillets of the law."
Shak.

Quill"ing (?), n. (a) A band of linen, muslin, or the like, fluted,
folded, or plaited so as somewhat to resemble a row of quills. (b) One
of the rounded plaits or flutings of such a band.

Quill"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant or species of the genus Isoetes,
cryptogamous plants with a cluster of elongated four-tubed rushlike
leaves, rising from a corm, and containing spores in their enlarged and
excavated bases. There are about seventeen American species, usually
growing in the mud under still, shallow water. So called from the shape
of the shape of the leaves.

Quilt (?), n. [OE. quilte, OF. cuilte, L. culcita &?; bed, cushion,
mattress. Cf. 2d Counterpoint, Cushion.] Anything that is quilted;
esp., a quilted bed cover, or a skirt worn by women; any cover or
garment made by putting wool, cotton, etc., between two cloths and
stitching them together; also, any outer bed cover.

    The beds were covered with magnificent quilts.


Arbuthnot.

Quilt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quilted; p. pr. & vb. n. Quilting.] 1. To
stitch or sew together at frequent intervals, in order to confine in
place the several layers of cloth and wadding of which a garment,
comforter, etc., may be made; as, to quilt a coat. Dryden.

2. To wad, as a garment, with warm soft material.

3. To stitch or sew in lines or patterns.

Quilt"er (?), n. One who, or that which, quilts.

Quilt"ing, n. 1. The act of stitching or running in patterns, as in
making a quilt.

2. A quilting bee. See Bee, 2.

3. The material used for making quilts.

4. (Naut.) A coating of strands of rope for a water vessel.

Quin (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A European scallop (Pecten opercularis), used as
food. [Prov. Eng.]

Quin*al"dine (?), n. [Quinoline + aldehyde + aniline.] (Chem.) A
colorless liquid of a slightly pungent odor, C9H6N.CH3, first obtained
as a condensation product of aldehyde and aniline, and regarded as a
derivative of quinoline; -- called also methyl quinoline. [Written also
chinaldine.]

Qui"na*ry (?), a. [L. quinarius, from quini five each, akin to quinque
five: cf. F. quinaire. See Five.] Consisting of five; arranged by
fives. Boyle.

Quinary system (Zoˆl.), a fanciful classification based on the
hypothesis that each group contains five types.

Qui"nate (?), a. [L. quini five each.] (Bot.) Growing in sets of five;
-- said especially of leaves composed of five leaflets set at the end
of a common petiole.

Qui"nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of quinic acid. [Written also kinate.]

Quin"a*zol (?), n. [Quinoline + azote.] (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous
base related to cinnoline. [Written also chinazol.]

Quince (kwns), n. [Prob. a pl. from OE. quyne, coin, OF. coin, cooin,
F. coing, from L. Cydonius a quince tree, as adj., Cydonian, Gr. &?;
Cydonian, &?; &?; a quince, fr. &?; Cydonia, a city in Crete, &?; the
Cydonians. Cf. Quiddany.] 1. The fruit of a shrub (Cydonia vulgaris)
belonging to the same tribe as the apple. It somewhat resembles an
apple, but differs in having many seeds in each carpel. It has hard
flesh of high flavor, but very acid, and is largely used for marmalade,
jelly, and preserves.

2. (Bot.) a quince tree or shrub.

Japan quince (Bot.), an Eastern Asiatic shrub (Cydonia, formerly Pyrus,
Japonica) and its very fragrant but inedible fruit. The shrub has very
showy flowers, usually red, but sometimes pink or white, and is much
grown for ornament. -- Quince curculio (Zoˆl.), a small gray and yellow
curculio (Conotrachelus cratÊgi) whose larva lives in quinces. --
Quince tree (Bot.), the small tree (Cydonia vulgaris) which produces
the quince.

Quince"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The squinancy. Called also quinsywort.

Quinch (?), v. i. [Cf. OD. quincken to quiver, shake, Fries. quink
hovering. Cf. Quich.] To stir; to wince. [Obs.] Spenser.

Quin*cun"cial (?), [L. quincuncialis, from quincunx. See Quincunx.]

1. Having the form of a quincunx.

2. (Bot.) Having the leaves of a pentamerous calyx or corolla so
imbricated that two are exterior, two are interior, and the other has
one edge exterior and one interior; as, quincuncial Êstivation.

Quincuncial phyllotaxy (Bot.), an arrangement of five leaves in a
spiral, each leaf two fifths of a circle from the next.

Quin*cun"cial*ly, adv. In the manner or order of a quincunx.

Quin"cunx (?), n. [L., fr. quinque five + uncia an ounce. The quincunx
was marked by five small spots or balls. See Five, and Ounce the
weight.] 1. An arrangement of things by fives in a square or a
rectangle, one being placed at each corner and one in the middle;
especially, such an arrangement of trees repeated indefinitely, so as
to form a regular group with rows running in various directions.

2. (Astrol.) The position of planets when distant from each other five
signs, or 150∞. Hutton.

3. (Bot.) A quincuncial arrangement, as of the parts of a flower in
Êstivation. See Quincuncial, 2.

Quin*dec"a*gon (?), n. [L. quindecim fifteen + Gr. &?; angle.] (Geom.)
A plane figure with fifteen angles, and consequently fifteen sides.

||Quin`de*cem"vir (?), n.; pl. E. Quindecemvirs (#), L. Quindecemviri
||(#). [L., from quindecim fifteen + vir a man.] (Rom. Antiq.) One of a
||sacerdotal college of fifteen men whose chief duty was to take care
||of the Sibylline books.

Quin`de*cem"vi*rate (?), n. [L. quindecimviratus.] The body or office
of the quindecemviri.

Quin*dec"one (?), n. [L. quindecim fifteen.] (Chem.) An unsaturated
hydrocarbon, C15H26, of the valylene series, produced artificially as
an oily liquid. [Written also quindekone.]

<! p. 1179 !>

Quin`de*cyl"ic (?), n. [L. quindecim fifteen + -yl.] (Chem.) Pertaining
to, or designating, an acid of the fatty acid series, containing
fifteen atoms of carbon; called also pentadecylic acid.

Quin"dem (?), n. A fifteenth part. [Obs.]

Quin"dism (?), n. A fifteenth. [Obs.] Prynne.

Quin*hy"drone (?), n. [Quinone + hydroquinone.] (Chem.) A green
crystalline substance formed by the union of quinone with hydroquinone,
or as an intermediate product in the oxidation of hydroquinone or the
reduction of quinone. [Written also chinhydrone.]

||Quin"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) Quinine.

Quin"i*ble (?), n. [L. quini five each.] (Mus.) An interval of a fifth;
also, a part sung with such intervals. [Obs.] "He sang . . . a loud
quynyble." Chaucer.

Quin"ic (?), a. [See Quinine, and cf. Kinic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to,
derived from, or connected with, quinine and related compounds;
specifically, designating a nonnitrogenous acid obtained from cinchona
bark, coffee, beans, etc., as a white crystalline substance. [Written
also chinic, kinic.]

Quin"i*cine (?), n. (Chem.) An uncrystallizable alkaloid obtained by
the action of heat from quinine, with which it is isomeric.

Quin"i*dine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid isomeric with, and resembling,
quinine, found in certain species of cinchona, from which it is
extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance; conchinine. It is
used somewhat as a febrifuge. [Written also chinidine.]

Qui"nine (?), n. [F. (cf. Sp. quinina), fr. Sp. quina, or quinaquina,
Peruvian bark, fr. Peruv. kina, quina, bark. Cf. Kinic.] (Chem.) An
alkaloid extracted from the bark of several species of cinchona (esp.
Cinchona Calisaya) as a bitter white crystalline substance, C20H24N2O2.
Hence, by extension (Med.), any of the salts of this alkaloid, as the
acetate, chloride, sulphate, etc., employed as a febrifuge or
antiperiodic. Called also quinia, quinina, etc. [Written also chinine.]

Qui*nin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous
acid obtained as a yellow crystalline substance by the oxidation of
quinine.

{ Qui"nin*ism (?), Qui"nism (?), } n. (Med.) See Cinchonism.

Qui*niz"a*rin (?), [Hydroquinone + alizarin.] (Chem.) A yellow
crystalline substance produced artificially. It is isomeric with
alizarin.

Quin"i*zine (?), n. [Quinoline + hydrazine.] (Chem.) any one of a
series of nitrogenous bases, certain of which are used as antipyretics.

Quin"nat (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zoˆl.) The California salmon
(Oncorhynchus choicha); -- called also chouicha, king salmon, chinnook
salmon, and Sacramento salmon. It is of great commercial importance.
[Written also quinnet.]

||Qui*no"a (?), n. The seeds of a kind of goosewort (Chenopodium
||Quinoa), used in Chili and Peru for making porridge or cakes; also,
||food thus made.

Quin"o*gen (?), n. [Quinine + -gen.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical of
quinine and related alkaloids.

Qui*noid"ine (?), n. [Quinine + -oid.] (Med. (Chem.) A brownish
resinous substance obtained as a by-product in the treatment of
cinchona bark. It consists of a mixture of several alkaloids. [Written
also chinoidine.]

Quin"o*line (?), n. [Quinine + L. oleum oil + -ine.] (Chem.) A
nitrogenous base, C9H7N obtained as a pungent colorless liquid by the
distillation of alkaloids, bones, coal tar, etc. It the nucleus of many
organic bodies, especially of certain alkaloids and related substances;
hence, by extension, any one of the series of alkaloidal bases of which
quinoline proper is the type. [Written also chinoline.]

Qui*nol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in quinology.

Qui*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Quinine + -logy.] The science which treats of the
cultivation of the cinchona, and of its use in medicine.

Qui"none (?), n. [Quinine + ketone.] (Chem.) A crystalline substance,
C6H4O2 (called also benzoketone), first obtained by the oxidation of
quinic acid and regarded as a double ketone; also, by extension, any
one of the series of which quinone proper is the type. [Written also
chinone, kinone.]

Qui*no"vic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a crystalline
acid obtained from some varieties of cinchona bark. [Written also
chinovic, and kinovic.]

Qui*no"vin (?), n. [NL. quina nova the tree Cosmibuena magnifolia,
whose bark yields quinovin.] (Chem.) An amorphous bitter glucoside
derived from cinchona and other barks. Called also quinova bitter, and
quinova. [Written also chinovin, and kinovin.]

Quin*ox"a*line (?), n. [Quinoline + glyoxal.] (Chem.) Any one of a
series of complex nitrogenous bases obtained by the union of certain
aniline derivatives with glyoxal or with certain ketones. [Written also
chinoxaline.]

Quin*ox"yl (?), n. [Quinone + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical
radical of certain quinone derivatives related to rhodizonic acid.

Qui"noyl (?), n. [Quinone + - yl.] (Chem.) A radical of which quinone
is the hydride, analogous to phenyl. [Written also kinoyl.]

Quin`qua*ges"i*ma (?), a. [L., fr. quinquagesimus the fiftieth, akin to
quinquaginta fifty, quinque five. See Five.] Fiftieth.

Quinquagesima Sunday, the Sunday which is the fiftieth day before
Easter, both days being included in the reckoning; -- called also
Shrove Sunday.

Quin*quan"gu*lar (?), a. [L. quinquanqulus; quinque five + angulus ad
angle: cf. F. quinquangulaire.] Having five angles or corners.

Quin`quar*tic"u*lar (?), a. [Quinque- + article.] (Theol.) Relating to
the five articles or points; as, the quinquarticular controversy
between Arminians and Calvinists. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

Quin"que- (?). [L. quinque five. See Five.] A combining form meaning
five, five times, fivefold; as, quinquefid, five-cleft; quinquedentate,
five-toothed.

Quin"que*an`gled (?), a. [Quinque-  + angle.] Having five angles;
quinquangular.

{ Quin`que*den"tate (?), Quin`que*den"ta*ted (?), } a. [Quinque- +
dentate, - tated: cf. F. quinquÈdentÈ.] Five- toothed; as, a
quinquedentate leaf.

Quin`que*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [From L. quinque five: cf. F. quinquÈfariÈ.
Cf. Bifarious.] (Bot.) Arranged in five vertical rows; pentastichous.
Gray.

Quin"que*fid (?), a. [Quique- + the root of L. findere to cleave: cf.
F. quinquÈfide.] (Bot.) Sharply cut about halfway to the middle or base
into five segments; as, a quinquefid leaf or corolla.

{ Quin`que*fo"li*ate (?), Quin`que*fo"li*a`ted (?), } a. [Quinque- +
foliate, - ated: cf. F. quinquÈfoliÈ, L. quinquefolius.] (Bot.) Having
five leaves or leaflets. Gray.

Quin`que fo"li*o*late (?), a. (Bot.) Having five leaflets. Gray.

Quin`que*lit"er*al (?), a. [Quinque-  + literal.] Consisting of five
letters.

{ Quin`que*lo"bate (?), Quin`que*lo"ba*red (?), } a. [Quinque- +
lobate, -ated: cf. F. quinquÈlobÈ.] Cut less than halfway into
portions, usually somewhat rounded; five-lobed; as, a quinquelobate
leaf or corolla.

Quin"que*lobed` (?), a. [Quinque- + lobe.] Same as Quinquelobate.

Quin`que*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Quinque-  + locular: cf. F.
quinquÈloculaire.] Having five cells or loculi; five-celled; as, a
quinquelocular pericarp.

Quin"que*nerved` (?), a. [Quinque-  + nerve.] (Bot.) Having five
nerves; -- said of a leaf with five nearly equal nerves or ribs rising
from the end of the petiole.

||Quin`quen*na"li*a (?), n. pl. [L., fr. quinquennalis. See
||Ouinquennial.] (Rom. Antiq.) Public games celebrated every five
||years.

Quin*quen"ni*al (?), a. [L. quinquennalis and quinquennis; quinque five
+ annus year. See Five, and cf. Biennial.] Occurring once in five
years, or at the end of every five years; also, lasting five years. A
quinquennial event.

Quin*quen"ni*um (?), n. [L.] Space of five years.

Quin*quep"ar*tite (?), a. [L. quinquepartitus; quinque five + partitus,
p. p. of partire to divide: cf. F. quinquÈpartite.]

1. Consisting of five parts.

2. (Bot.) Divided into five parts almost to the base.

Quin"que*reme (?), n. [L. quinqueremis; quinque five + remus an oar:
cf. F. quinquÈrËme] A galley having five benches or banks of oars; as,
an Athenian quinquereme.

Quin"que*syl`la*ble (?), n. [Quinque-  + syllable.] A word of five
syllables.

{ Quin"que*valve (?), Quin`que*val"vu*lar (?), } a. [Quinque- + valve,
valvular: cf. F. quinquÈvalve.] (Bot.) Having five valves, as a
pericarp.

||Quin"que*vir (?), n.; pl; E. Quinquevirs (#), L. Quinqueviri (#).
||[L., fr. quinque Five + vir man.] (Bot. Antiq.) One of five
||commissioners appointed for some special object.

||Quin*qui"na (?), n. [NL. & F. See Quinine.] Peruvian bark.

Quin*quiv"a*lent (?), a. [Quinque-  + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See
Valence.] (Chem.) Same as Pentavalent.

Quin"sy (?), n. [Contr. fr. squinancy, F. esquinancie, L. cynanche a
sort of sore throat, Gr. &?; sore throat, dog quinsy, fr. &?; dog + &?;
to choke; cf. also L. synanche sore throat, Gr. &?;. Cf. Hound, Anger,
and Cynanche.] (Med.) An inflammation of the throat, or parts adjacent,
especially of the fauces or tonsils, attended by considerable swelling,
painful and impeded deglutition, and accompanied by inflammatory fever.
It sometimes creates danger of suffocation; -- called also squinancy,
and squinzey.

Quint (?), n. [F. quinte, fr. L. quintus, quinta, the fifth, quinque
five. See Five.] 1. A set or sequence of five, as in piquet.

2. (Mus.) The interval of a fifth.

Quin"tain (?), n. [F. quintaine, LL. quintana; cf. W. chwintan a kind
of hymeneal game.] An object to be tilted at; -- called also quintel.
[Written also quintin.]

A common form in the Middle Ages was an upright post, on the top of
which turned a crosspiece, having on one end a broad board, and on the
other a sand bag. The endeavor was to strike the board with the lance
while riding under, and get away without being hit by the sand bag.
"But a quintain, a mere lifeless block." Shak.

Quin"tal (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. quintal, fr. Ar. qintar a weight of 100
lbs., prob. fr. L. centenarius consisting of a hundred, fr. centeni a
hundred each, fr. centum a hundred. See Hundred, and cf. Kentle.] 1. A
hundredweight, either 112 or 100 pounds, according to the scale used.
Cf. Cental. [Sometimes written and pronounced kentle.]

2. A metric measure of weight, being 100,000 grams, or 100 kilograms,
equal to 220.46 pounds avoirdupois.

Quin"tan (?), a. [L. quintanus, fr. quintus fifth, quinque five. See
Five.] Occurring as the fifth, after four others also, occurring every
fifth day, reckoning inclusively; as, a quintan fever. -- n. (Med.) An
intermittent fever which returns every fifth day, reckoning
inclusively, or in which the intermission lasts three days.

Quin"tel (?), n. See Quintain.

Quin*tes"sence (?), n. [F., fr. L. quinta essentia fifth essence. See
Quint, and Essence.] 1. The fifth or last and highest essence or power
in a natural body. See Ferment oils, under Ferment. [Obs.]

The ancient Greeks recognized four elements, fire, air, water, and
earth. The Pythagoreans added a fifth and called it nether, the fifth
essence, which they said flew upward at creation and out of it the
stars were made. The alchemists sometimes considered alcohol, or the
ferment oils, as the fifth essence.

2. Hence: An extract from anything, containing its rarest virtue, or
most subtle and essential constituent in a small quantity; pure or
concentrated essence.

    Let there be light, said God; and forthwith light Ethereal, first
    of things, quintessence pure, Sprung from the deep.


Milton.

Quin*tes"sence, v. t. To distil or extract as a quintessence; to reduce
to a quintessence. [R.] Stirling. "Truth quintessenced and raised to
the highest power." J. A. Symonds.

Quin`tes*sen"tial (?), a. Of the nature of a quintessence; purest.
"Quintessential extract of mediocrity." G. Eliot.

{ Quin*tet", Quin*tette" } (?), n. [It. quintetto, dim. of quinto the
fifth, a fifth part, from L. quintus the fifth: cf. F. quintette. See
Quint.] (Mus.) A composition for five voices or instruments; also, the
set of five persons who sing or play five-part music.

Quin"tic (?), a. [L. quintus fifth, fr. quinque five.] (Alg.) Of the
fifth degree or order. -- n. (Alg.) A quantic of the fifth degree. See
Quantic.

Quin"tile (?), n. [F. quintil aspect, fr. L. quintus the fifth.]
(Astron.) The aspect of planets when separated the fifth part of the
zodiac, or 72∞. Hutton.

Quin*till"lion (?), n. [Formed fr. L. quintus the fifth, after the
analogy of million: cf. F. quintillion. See Quint.] According to the
French notation, which is used on the Continent and in America, the
cube of a million, or a unit with eighteen ciphers annexed; according
to the English notation, a number produced by involving a million to
the fifth power, or a unit with thirty ciphers annexed. See the Note
under Numeration.

Quin"tin (?), n. See Quintain.

Quin"tine (?), n. [L. quintus the fifth: cf. F. quintine.] (Bot.) The
embryonic sac of an ovule, sometimes regarded as an innermost fifth
integument. Cf. Quartine, and Tercine.

Quin"tole (?), n. [It. quinto fifth.] (Mus.) A group of five notes to
be played or sung in the time of four of the same species.

Quin"tu*ple (?), a. [L. quintus fifth: cf. F. quintuple, L. quintuplex.
Cf. Quadruple.] Multiplied by five; increased to five times the amount;
fivefold.

Quintuple time (Mus.), a time having five beats in a measure. It is
seldom used.

Quin"tu*ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quintupled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Quintupling.] [Cf. F. quintupler.] To make fivefold, or five times as
much or many.

{ Quit"tu*ple-nerved` (?), Quin"tu*ple-ribbed` (?), } a. (Bot.) The
same as Quinquenerved.

Quin"zaine (?), n. [F., from quinze fifteen, L. quindecim. See
Fifteen.] The fifteenth day after a feast day, including both in the
reckoning. [Written also quinzain.]

Quinze (?), n. [F.] A game at cards in which the object is to make
fifteen points.

Quip (?), n. [Cf. W. chwip a quick flirt or turn, chwipio to whip, to
move briskly, and E. whip. Cf. Quib, Quibble.] A smart, sarcastic turn
or jest; a taunt; a severe retort; a gibe.

    Quips, and cranks, and wanton wiles.


Milton.

    He was full of joke and jest, But all his merry quips are o'er.


Tennyson.

Quip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quipping (?).]
To taunt; to treat with quips.

    The more he laughs, and does her closely quip.


Spenser.

Quip, v. i. To scoff; to use taunts. Sir H. Sidney.

Qui"po (?), n. Same as Quipu.

||Qui"pu (?), n.; pl. Quipus (#). [Peruv. quipu a knot.] A contrivance
||employed by the ancient Peruvians, Mexicans, etc., as a substitute
||for writing and figures, consisting of a main cord, from which hung
||at certain distances smaller cords of various colors, each having a
||special meaning, as silver, gold, corn, soldiers. etc. Single,
||double, and triple knots were tied in the smaller cords, representing
||definite numbers. It was chiefly used for arithmetical purposes, and
||to register important facts and events. [Written also quipo.] Tylor.

    The mysterious science of the quipus . . . supplied the Peruvians
    with the means of communicating their ideas to one another, and of
    transmitting them to future generations.


Prescott.

Quir"boil*ly` (kwr"boi*l`), n. [OE. cuir bouilli.] Leather softened by
boiling so as to take any required shape. Upon drying, it becomes
exceedingly hard, and hence was formerly used for armor. [Obs.] "His
jambeux were of quyrboilly." Chaucer.

Quire (kwr), n. See Choir. [Obs.] Spenser.

    A quire of such enticing birds.


Shak.

Quire, v. i. To sing in concert. [R.] Shak.

<! p. 1180 pr=vmg !>

Quire (kwr), n. [OE. quaer, quair, OF. quayer, cayer, caÔer, F. cahier,
a book of loose sheets, a quarter of a quire, LL. quaternus, quaternum,
sheets of paper packed together, properly, four together, fr. L.
quaterni four each, by fours, quattuor four. See Four, and cf. Cahier.]
A collection of twenty-four sheets of paper of the same size and
quality, unfolded or having a single fold; one twentieth of a ream.

Quir"is*ter (kwr"s*tr), n. [See Quire, Chorister.] A chorister. See
Chorister. [R.] Thomson.

Quir`i*ta"tion (kwr`*t"shn), n. [L. quiritatio, fr. quiritare to raise
a plaintive cry, v. freq. fr. queri to complain.] A crying for help.
[Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Qui"rite (kw"rt), n. One of the Quirites.

||Qui*ri"tes (kw*r"tz), n. pl. [L., fr. Cures, a Sabine town.] (Rom.
||Antiq.) Roman citizens.

After the Sabines and Romans had united themselves into one community,
under Romulus, the name of Quirites was taken in addition to that of
Romani, the Romans calling themselves in a civil capacity Quirites,
while in a political and military capacity they retained the name of
Romani. Andrews.

Quirk (kwrk), n. [Written also querk.] [Cf. W. chwiori to turn briskly,
or E. queer.] 1. A sudden turn; a starting from the point or line;
hence, an artful evasion or subterfuge; a shift; a quibble; as, the
quirks of a pettifogger. "Some quirk or . . . evasion." Spenser.

    We ground the justification of our nonconformity on dark subtilties
    and intricate quirks.


Barrow.

2. A fit or turn; a short paroxysm; a caprice. [Obs.] "Quirks of joy
and grief." Shak.

3. A smart retort; a quibble; a shallow conceit.

    Some odd quirks and remnants of wit.


Shak.

4. An irregular air; as, light quirks of music. Pope.

5. (Building) A piece of ground taken out of any regular ground plot or
floor, so as to make a court, yard, etc.; -- sometimes written quink.
Gwilt.

6. (Arch.) A small channel, deeply recessed in proportion to its width,
used to insulate and give relief to a convex rounded molding.

Quirk molding, a bead between two quirks.

Quirked (kwrkt), a. Having, or formed with, a quirk or quirks.

Quirk"ish (kwrk"sh), a. Consisting of quirks; resembling a quirk.
Barrow.

Quirk"y (-), a. Full of quirks; tricky; as, a quirky lawyer.

Quirl (kwrl), n. & v. See Querl.

Quir"pele (kwr"pl), n. [Tamil krippiai.] (Zoˆl.) The Indian ferret.

Quirt (kwrt), n. A rawhide whip plaited with two thongs of buffalo
hide. T. Roosevelt.

Quish (kwsh), n. See Cuish.

Quit (kwt), n. (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of small passerine
birds native of tropical America. See Banana quit, under Banana, and
Guitguit.

Quit (kwt), a. [OE. quite, OF. quite, F. quitte. See Quit, v., Quiet.]
Released from obligation, charge, penalty, etc.; free; clear; absolved;
acquitted. Chaucer.

    The owner of the ox shall be quit.


Ex. xxi. 28.

This word is sometimes used in the form quits, colloquially; as, to be
quits with one, that is, to have made mutual satisfaction of demands
with him; to be even with him; hence, as an exclamation: Quits! we are
even, or on equal terms. "To cry quits with the commons in their
complaints." Fuller.

Quit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quit or Quitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Quitting.]
[OE. quiten, OF. quiter, quitier, cuitier, F. quitter, to acquit, quit,
LL. quietare, fr. L. quietare to calm, to quiet, fr. quietus quiet. See
Quiet, a., and cf. Quit, a., Quite, Acquit, Requite.] 1. To set at
rest; to free, as from anything harmful or oppressive; to relieve; to
clear; to liberate. [R.]

    To quit you of this fear, you have already looked Death in the
    face; what have you found so terrible in it?


Wake.

2. To release from obligation, accusation, penalty, or the like; to
absolve; to acquit.

    There may no gold them quyte.


Chaucer.

    God will relent, and quit thee all his debt.


Milton.

3. To discharge, as an obligation or duty; to meet and satisfy, as a
claim or debt; to make payment for or of; to requite; to repay.

    The blissful martyr quyte you your meed.


Chaucer.

    Enkindle all the sparks of nature To quit this horrid act.


Shak.

    Before that judge that quits each soul his hire.


Fairfax.

4. To meet the claims upon, or expectations entertained of; to conduct;
to acquit; -- used reflexively.

    Be strong, and quit yourselves like men.


1 Sam. iv. 9.

    Samson hath quit himself Like Samson.


Milton.

5. To carry through; to go through to the end. [Obs.]

    Never worthy prince a day did quit With greater hazard and with
    more renown.


Daniel.

6. To have done with; to cease from; to stop; hence, to depart from; to
leave; to forsake; as, to quit work; to quit the place; to quit
jesting.

    Such a superficial way of examining is to quit truth for
    appearance.


Locke.

To quit cost, to pay; to reimburse. -- To quit scores, to make even; to
clear mutually from demands.

    Does not the earth quit scores with all the elements in the noble
    fruits that issue from it?


South.

Syn. -- To leave; relinquish; resign; abandon; forsake; surrender;
discharge; requite. -- Quit, Leave. Leave is a general term, signifying
merely an act of departure; quit implies a going without intention of
return, a final and absolute abandonment.

Quit, v. i. To go away; to depart; to stop doing a thing; to cease.

Quitch (kwch), n. 1. (Bot.) Same as Quitch grass.

2. Figuratively: A vice; a taint; an evil.

    To pick the vicious quitch Of blood and custom wholly out of him.


Tennyson.

Quitch" grass` (kwch" grs`). [Properly quick grass, being probably so
called from its vigorous growth, or from its tenacity of life. See
Quick, and cf. Couch grass.] (Bot.) A perennial grass (Agropyrum
repens) having long running rootstalks, by which it spreads rapidly and
pertinaciously, and so becomes a troublesome weed. Also called couch
grass, quack grass, quick grass, twitch grass. See Illustration in
Appendix.

Quit"claim` (kwt"klm`), n. [Quit, a. + claim.] (Law) A release or
relinquishment of a claim; a deed of release; an instrument by which
some right, title, interest, or claim, which one person has, or is
supposed to have, in or to an estate held by himself or another, is
released or relinquished, the grantor generally covenanting only
against persons who claim under himself.

Quit"claim`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quitclaimed (-klmd`); p. pr. & vb. n.
Quitclaiming.] (Law) To release or relinquish a claim to; to release a
claim to by deed, without covenants of warranty against adverse and
paramount titles.

Quite (kwt), v. t. & i. See Quit. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Quite (kwt), adv. [F. quitte discharged, free, clear; cf. OF. quitement
freely, frankly, entirely. See Quit, a.]

1. Completely; wholly; entirely; totally; perfectly; as, the work is
not quite done; the object is quite accomplished; to be quite mistaken.

    Man shall not quite be lost, but saved who will.


Milton.

    The same actions may be aimed at different ends, and arise from
    quite contrary principles.


Spectator.

2. To a great extent or degree; very; very much; considerably. "Quite
amusing." Macaulay.

    He really looks quite concerned.


Landor.

    The island stretches along the land and is quite close to it.


Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Quit"ly (kwt"l), adv. Quite. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Quit"rent` (kwt"rnt`), n. [Quit, a. + rent.] (Law) A rent reserved in
grants of land, by the payment of which the tenant is quit from other
service. Blackstone.

In some of the United States a fee-farm rent is so termed. Burrill.

Quits (kwts), interj. See the Note under Quit, a.

Quit"ta*ble (kwt"t*b'l), a. Capable of being quitted.

Quit"tal (-tal), n. Return; requital; quittance. [Obs.]

Quit"tance (-tans), n. [OE. quitaunce, OF. quitance, F. quittance. See
Quit, v. t.] 1. Discharge from a debt or an obligation; acquittance.

    Omittance is no quittance.


Shak.

2. Recompense; return; repayment. [Obs.] Shak.

Quit"tance, v. t. To repay; to requite. [Obs.] Shak.

Quit"ter (-tr), n. 1. One who quits.

2. A deliverer. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Quit"tor (-tr), n. [Perhaps for quitture.] (Far.) A chronic abscess, or
fistula of the coronet, in a horse's foot, resulting from inflammation
of the tissues investing the coffin bone.

Quit"ture (-tr; 135), n. A discharge; an issue. [Obs.]

    To cleanse the quitture from thy wound.


Chapman.

Quiv"er (kwv"r), a. [Akin to AS. cwiferlice anxiously; cf. OD. kuiven,
kuiveren. Cf. Quaver.] Nimble; active. [Obs.] " A little quiver
fellow." Shak.

Quiv"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quivered (-rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Quivering.] [Cf. Quaver.] To shake or move with slight and tremulous
motion; to tremble; to quake; to shudder; to shiver.

    The green leaves quiver with the cooling wind.


Shak.

    And left the limbs still quivering on the ground.


Addison.

Quiv"er, n. The act or state of quivering; a tremor.

Quiv"er, n. [OF. cuivre, cuevre, coivre, LL. cucurum, fr. OHG. chohhri
quiver, receptacle, G. kˆcher quiver; akin to AS. cocor, cocur, cocer,
D. koker. Cf. Cocker a high shoe.] A case or sheath for arrows to be
carried on the person.

    Beside him hung his bow And quiver, with three-bolted thunder
    stored.


Milton.

Quiv"ered (-rd), a. 1. Furnished with, or carrying, a quiver. "Like a
quivered nymph with arrows keen." Milton.

2. Sheathed, as in a quiver. "Whose quills stand quivered at his ear."
Pope.

Quiv"er*ing*ly (-r*ng*l), adv. With quivering motion.

||Qui` vive" (k` vv"). [F., fr. qui who + vive, pres. subj. of vivre to
||live.] The challenge of a French sentinel, or patrol; -- used like
||the English challenge: "Who comes there?"

To be on the qui vive, to be on guard; to be watchful and alert, like a
sentinel.

Quix*ot"ic (kwks*t"k), a. Like Don Quixote; romantic to extravagance;
absurdly chivalric; apt to be deluded. "Feats of quixotic gallantry."
Prescott.

Quix*ot"ic*al*ly (-*kal*l), adv. In a quixotic way.

Quix"ot*ism (kwks"t*z'm), n. That form of delusion which leads to
extravagant and absurd undertakings or sacrifices in obedience to a
morbidly romantic ideal of duty or honor, as illustrated by the
exploits of Don Quixote in knight-errantry.

Quix"ot*ry (-r), n. Quixotism; visionary schemes.

Quiz (kwz), n. [It is said that Daly, the manager of a Dublin
playhouse, laid a wager that a new word of no meaning should be the
common talk and puzzle of the city in twenty-four hours. In consequence
of this the letters q u i z were chalked by him on all the walls of
Dublin, with an effect that won the wager. Perhaps, however, originally
a variant of whiz, and formerly the name of a popular game.] 1. A
riddle or obscure question; an enigma; a ridiculous hoax.

2. One who quizzes others; as, he is a great quiz.

3. An odd or absurd fellow. Smart. Thackeray.

4. An exercise, or a course of exercises, conducted as a coaching or as
an examination. [Cant, U.S.]

Quiz (kwz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quizzed (kwzd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Quizzing (-zng).] 1. To puzzle; to banter; to chaff or mock with
pretended seriousness of discourse; to make sport of, as by obscure
questions.

    He quizzed unmercifully all the men in the room.


Thackeray.

2. To peer at; to eye suspiciously or mockingly.

3. To instruct in or by a quiz. See Quiz, n., 4. [U.S.]

Quizzing glass, a small eyeglass.

Quiz, v. i. To conduct a quiz. See Quiz, n., 4. [U.S.]

Quiz"zer (-zr), n. One who quizzes; a quiz.

Quiz"zic*al (-z*kal), a. Relating to quizzing; given to quizzing; of
the nature of a quiz; farcical; sportive.

-- Quiz"zic*al*ly, adv.

Quiz"zism (-zz'm), n. The act or habit of quizzing.

Quob (kwb), v. i. [Cf. Quaver.] [Written also quop and quab.] To throb;
to quiver. [Local & Vulgar]

Quod (kwd), n. [For quad, abbrev. of quadrangle.] A quadrangle or
court, as of a prison; hence, a prison. [Slang] "Flogged or whipped in
quod." T. Hughes.

Quod, v. Quoth; said. See Quoth. [Obs.]

    "Let be," quod he, "it shall not be."


Chaucer.

Quod"dies (kwd"dz), n. pl. Herring taken and cured or smoked near
Quoddy Head, Maine, or near the entrance of Passamaquoddy Bay.

||Quod"li*bet (-l*bt), n. [L., what you please.]

1. A nice point; a subtilty; a debatable point.

    These are your quodlibets, but no learning.


P. Fletcher.

2. (Mus.) A medley improvised by several performers.

Quod`lib*e*ta"ri*an (- lb**t"r*an), n. One who discusses any subject at
pleasure.

Quod`li*bet"ic*al (- l*bt"*kal), a. Not restricted to a particular
subject; discussed for curiosity or entertainment. --
Quod`li*bet"ic*al*ly, adv.

Quoif (kwoif or koif), n. & v. t. See Coif. Shak.

Quoif"fure (kwoif"fr or koif"-), n. See Coiffure.

Quoil (kwoil or koil), n. See Coil. [Obs.]

Quoin (kwoin or koin; 277), n. [See Coin, and cf. Coigne.] 1. (Arch.)
Originally, a solid exterior angle, as of a building; now, commonly,
one of the selected pieces of material by which the corner is marked.

In stone, the quoins consist of blocks larger than those used in the
rest of the building, and cut to dimension. In brickwork, quoins
consist of groups or masses of brick laid together, and in a certain
imitation of quoins of stone.

2. A wedgelike piece of stone, wood, metal, or other material, used for
various purposes; as: (a) (Masonry) To support and steady a stone. (b)
(Gun.) To support the breech of a cannon. (c) (Print.) To wedge or lock
up a form within a chase. (d) (Naut.) To prevent casks from rolling.

Hollow quoin. See under Hollow. - - Quoin post (Canals), the post of a
lock gate which abuts against the wall.

Quoit (kwoit or koit), n. [OE. coite; cf. OF. coitier to spur, press,
(assumed) LL. coctare, fr. L. coquere, coctum, to cook, burn, vex,
harass, E. cook, also W. coeten a quoit.] 1. (a) A flattened
ring-shaped piece of iron, to be pitched at a fixed object in play;
hence, any heavy flat missile used for the same purpose, as a stone,
piece of iron, etc. (b) pl. A game played with quoits. Shak.

2. The discus of the ancients. See Discus.

3. A cromlech. [Prov. Eng.] J. Morley.

Quoit, v. i. To throw quoits; to play at quoits.

    To quoit, to run, and steeds and chariots drive.


Dryden.

Quoit, v. t. To throw; to pitch. [Obs. or R.] Shak.

Quoke (kwk), obs. imp. of Quake. Chaucer.

Quoll (kwl), n. (Zoˆl.) A marsupial of Australia (Dasyurus macrurus),
about the size of a cat.

Quon"dam (kwn"dm), a. [L., formerly.] Having been formerly; former;
sometime. "This is the quondam king." Shak.

Quon"dam, n. A person dismissed or ejected from a position. [R.] "Make
them quondams; . . . cast them out of their office." Latimer.

Quook (kwk), imp. of Quake. [Obs.] Spenser.

Quop (kwp), v. i. See Quob.

Quo"rum (kw"rm), n. [L., of whom, gen. pl. of qui who, akin to E. who.
See the Note below.] Such a number of the officers or members of any
body as is competent by law or constitution to transact business; as, a
quorum of the House of Representatives; a constitutional quorum was not
present.

The term arose from the Latin words, Quorum aliquem vestrum . . . unum
esse volumus (of whom we wish some one of you to be one), which were
used in the commission formerly issued to justices of the peace in
England, by which commission it was directed that no business of
certain kinds should be done without the presence of one or more of
certain justices specially designated. Justice of the peace and of the
quorum designates a class of justices of the peace in some of the
United States.

Quo"ta (kw"t), n. [LL., fr. L. quota (sc. pars), fr. quotus which or
what in number, of what number, how many, fr. quot how many, akin to
quis, qui, who: cf. It. quota a share. See Who.] A proportional part or
share; the share or proportion assigned to each in a division. "Quota
of troops and money." Motley.

Quot"a*ble (kwt"*b'l), a. Capable or worthy of being quoted; as, a
quotable writer; a quotable sentence.

-- Quot`a*bil"i*ty (-bl"*t), n. Poe.

Quo*ta"tion (kw*t"shn), n. [From Quote.] 1. The act of quoting or
citing.

2. That which is quoted or cited; a part of a book or writing named,
repeated, or adduced as evidence or illustration. Locke.

<! p. 1181 pr=vmg !>

3. (Com.) The naming or publishing of the current price of stocks,
bonds, or any commodity; also, the price named.

4. Quota; share. [Obs.]

5. (Print.) A piece of hollow type metal, lower than type, and
measuring two or more pica ems in length and breadth, used in the blank
spaces at the beginning and end of chapters, etc.

Quotation marks (Print.), two inverted commas placed at the beginning,
and two apostrophes at the end, of a passage quoted from an author in
his own words.

Quo*ta"tion*ist (kw*t"shn*st), n. One who makes, or is given to making,
quotations.

    The narrow intellectuals of quotationists.


Milton.

Quote (kwt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Quoting.] [OF.
quoter, F. coter to letter, number, to quote, LL. quotare to divide
into chapters and verses, fr. L. quotus. See Quota.] [Formerly written
also cote.] 1. To cite, as a passage from some author; to name, repeat,
or adduce, as a passage from an author or speaker, by way of authority
or illustration; as, to quote a passage from Homer.

2. To cite a passage from; to name as the authority for a statement or
an opinion; as, to quote Shakespeare.

3. (Com.) To name the current price of.

4. To notice; to observe; to examine. [Obs.] Shak.

5. To set down, as in writing. [Obs.] "He's quoted for a most
perfidious slave." Shak.

Syn. -- To cite; name; adduce; repeat. -- Quote, Cite. To cite was
originally to call into court as a witness, etc., and hence denotes
bringing forward any thing or person as evidence. Quote usually
signifies to reproduce another's words; it is also used to indicate an
appeal to some one as an authority, without adducing his exact words.

Quote (kwt), n. A note upon an author. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Quot"er (-r), n. One who quotes the words of another.

Quoth (kwth or kwth), v. t. [AS. cwean, imp. cwÊ, pl. cwdon; akin to
OS. quean, OHG. quethan, quedan, Icel. kvea, Goth. qi˛an. &radic;22.
Cf. Bequeath.] Said; spoke; uttered; -- used only in the first and
third persons in the past tenses, and always followed by its
nominative, the word or words said being the object: as, quoth I, quoth
he. "Let me not live, quoth he." Shak.

Quoth"a (-), interj. [For quoth 'a said he, 'a being corrupted from
he.] Indeed; forsooth.

    To affront the blessed hillside drabs and thieves With mended
    morals, quotha, -- fine new lives !


Mrs. Browning.

Quo*tid"i*an (kw*td"*an), a. [OE. cotidian, L. quotidianus, fr.
quotidie daily; quotus how many + dies day: cf. OF. cotidien, F.
quotidien. See Quota, Deity.] Occurring or returning daily; as, a
quotidian fever.

Quo*tid"i*an (kw*td"*an), n. Anything returning daily; especially
(Med.), an intermittent fever or ague which returns every day. Milton.

Quo"tient (kw"shent), n. [F., fr. L. quoties how often, how many times,
fr. quot how many. See Quota.]

1. (Arith.) The number resulting from the division of one number by
another, and showing how often a less number is contained in a greater;
thus, the quotient of twelve divided by four is three.

2. (Higher Alg.) The result of any process inverse to multiplication.
See the Note under Multiplication.

Quo*ti"e*ty (kw*t"*t), n. [L. quotus of what number, quot how many.]
(Scholastic Philos.) The relation of an object to number.
Krauth-Fleming.

Quo"tum (kw"tm), n. [NL., fr. L. quotus of what number. See Quota.]
Part or proportion; quota. [R.] "A very small quotum." Max M¸ller.

||Quo` war*ran"to (kw` wr*rn"t). [So called from the Law L. words quo
||warranto (by what authority), in the original Latin form of the writ.
||See Which, and Warrant.] (Law) A writ brought before a proper
||tribunal, to inquire by what warrant a person or a corporation acts,
||or exercises certain powers. Blackstone.

An information in the nature of a quo warranto is now common as a
substitute for the writ. Wharton.

Qu*ran" (k*r‰n"), n. See Koran.

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