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P.
P (?), the sixteenth letter of the English
alphabet, is a nonvocal consonant whose form and value come from
the Latin, into which language the letter was brought, through
the ancient Greek, from the Ph\'d2nician, its probable origin
being Egyptain. Etymologically P is most closely related to
b, f, and v; as hobble,
hopple; father, paternal;
recipient, receive. See B,
F, and M.
See Guide to Pronunciation, Pa (?), n. A shortened form of
Papa.
Pa"age (?), n. [OF.
paage, paiage, F. p\'82age, fr.
(assumed) LL. pedaticum, fr. L. pes,
pedis, foot. See Pedage,
Pedal.] (O. Eng. Law) A toll for
passage over another person's grounds. [Written also
peage and pedage.]
Burke.
\'d8Paard (?), n. [D., a
horse.] The zebra. [S. Africa]
Paas (?), n. Pace
[Obs.]
Chaucer
Paas (?), n. [D.
paash. See Pasch.] The Easter
festival. [Local, U. S.]
Bartlett.
Paas egg. See Easter egg, under
Easter.
Pab"u*lar (?), a. [L.
pabularis.] Of, pertaining to, or fit for,
pabulum or food; affording food.
Pab`u*la"tion (?), n. [L.
pabulatio, fr. pabulari to feed, fr.
pabulum food. See Pabulum.]
1. The act of feeding, or providing food.
[Obs.]
Cockeram.
2. Food; fodder; pabulum. [Obs.]
Pab"u*lous (?), a. [L.
pabulosus.] Affording pabulum, or food;
alimental. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Pab"u*lum (?), n. [L., akin to
pascere to pasture. See Pastor.]
The means of nutriment to animals or plants; food;
nourishment; hence, that which feeds or sustains, as fuel for a
fire; that upon which the mind or soul is nourished; as,
intellectual pabulum.
Pac (?), n. A kind of moccasin,
having the edges of the sole turned up and sewed to the
upper.
Knight.
Pa"ca (?), n. [Pg., from the
native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A small South
American rodent (C\'d2logenys paca), having blackish
brown fur, with four parallel rows of white spots along its
sides; the spotted cavy. It is nearly allied to the agouti and
the Guinea pig.
Pa"ca*ble (?), a. [L.
pacare to pacify.] Placable.
[R.]
Coleridge.
Pa*cane" (?), n. (Bot.)
A species of hickory. See Pecan.
Pa"cate (?), a. [L.
pacatus, p. p. of pacare to pacify, fr.
pax, pacis, peace. See Pay to
requite, Peace.] Appeased; pacified;
tranquil. [R.]
Pa"ca*ted (?), a. Pacified;
pacate.
Pa*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
pacatio.] The act of pacifying; a
peacemaking.
Coleridge.
Pace (?), n. [OE.
pas, F. pas, from L. passus a
step, pace, orig., a stretching out of the feet in walking; cf.
pandere, passum, to spread, stretch; perh.
akin to E. patent. Cf. Pas,
Pass.] 1. A single movement from one
foot to the other in walking; a step.
2. The length of a step in walking or marching,
reckoned from the heel of one foot to the heel of the other; --
used as a unit in measuring distances; as, he advanced fifty
paces. \'bdThe heigh of sixty pace
.\'b8
Chaucer.
pace is estimated at two
and one half linear feet; but in measuring distances be stepping,
the pace is extended to three feet (one yard) or to
three and three tenths feet (one fifth of a rod). The regulation
marching pace in the English and United States armies
is thirty inches for quick time, and thirty-six inches for double
time. The Roman pace (passus) was from the
heel of one foot to the heel of the same foot when it next
touched the ground, five Roman feet.
3. Manner of stepping or moving; gait; walk;
as, the walk, trot, canter, gallop, and amble are
paces of the horse; a swaggering pace; a quick
pace.
Chaucer.
To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow,
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day.
Shak.
In the military schools of riding a variety of paces
are taught.
Walsh.
4. A slow gait; a footpace.
[Obs.]
Chucer.
5. Specifically, a kind of fast amble; a
rack.
6. Any single movement, step, or procedure.
[R.]
The first pace necessary for his majesty to make is
to fall into confidence with Spain.
Sir W. Temple.
7. (Arch.) A broad step or platform; any
part of a floor slightly raised above the rest, as around an
altar, or at the upper end of a hall.
8. (Weaving) A device in a loom, to
maintain tension on the warp in pacing the web.
Geometrical pace, the space from heel to heel
between the spot where one foot is set down and that where the
same foot is again set down, loosely estimated at five feet, or
by some at four feet and two fifths. See Roman pace
in the Note under def. 2. [Obs.] --
To keep, hold, pace
with, to keep up with; to go as fast as.
\'bdIn intellect and attainments he kept pace with his
age.\'b8
Southey.
Pace (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Paced (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Pacing
(?).] 1. To go; to walk;
specifically, to move with regular or measured steps. \'bdI
paced on slowly.\'b8 Pope. \'bdWith speed so
pace.\'b8 Shak.
2. To proceed; to pass on.
[Obs.]
Or [ere] that I further in this tale pace.
Chaucer.
3. To move quickly by lifting the legs on the same
side together, as a horse; to amble with rapidity; to rack.
4. To pass away; to die. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pace, v. t. 1. To walk over
with measured tread; to move slowly over or upon; as, the
guard paces his round. \'bdPacing
light the velvet plain.\'b8
T. Warton.
2. To measure by steps or paces; as, to
pace a piece of ground.
3. To develop, guide, or control the pace or paces
of; to teach the pace; to break in.
If you can, pace your wisdom
In that good path that I would wish it go.
Shak
To pace the web (Weaving), to wind
up the cloth on the beam, periodically, as it is woven, in a
loom.
Paced (?), a. Having, or
trained in, [such] a pace or gait; trained; -- used in
composition; as, slow-paced; a
thorough-paced villain.
Pa"cer (?), n. One who, or that
which, paces; especially, a horse that paces.
Pa*cha" (?), n. [F.]
See Pasha.
\'d8Pa`cha*ca*mac" (?), n. A
divinity worshiped by the ancient Peruvians as the creator of the
universe.
\'d8Pa*chak" (?), n.
(Bot.) The fragrant roots of the Saussurea
Costus, exported from India to China, and used for burning
as incense. It is supposed to be the costus of the
ancients. [Written also
putchuck.]
Pa*cha"lic (?), a. & n. See
Pashalic.
\'d8Pa*chi"si (?), Par*che"si
(, n. [Hind., fr.
pachis twenty-five, the highest throw in the
game.] A game, somewhat resembling backgammon,
originating in India.
Pa*chom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] (Physics)
An instrument for measuring thickness, as of the glass of a
mirror, or of paper; a pachymeter.
\'d8Pa*chon"ta (?), n.
(Bot.) A substance resembling gutta-percha, and
used to adulterate it, obtained from the East Indian tree
Isonandra acuminata.
Pach"y- (?). [Gr. A
combining form meaning thick; as,
pachyderm, pachydactyl.
Pach`y*car"pous (?), a.
[Pachy- + Gr. (Bot.)
Having the pericarp thick.
Pach`y*dac"tyl (?), n.
[Pachy- + dactyl.]
(Zo\'94l.) A bird or other animal having thick
toes.
Pach`y*dac"tyl*ous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having thick toes.
Pach"y*derm (?), n. [Cf. F.
pachyderme.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the Pachydermata.
Pach`y*der"mal (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or relating to the pachyderms;
as, pachydermal dentition.
\'d8Pach`y*der"ma*ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of hoofed mammals
distinguished for the thickness of their skins, including the
elephant, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, tapir, horse, and hog. It is
now considered an artificial group.
Pach`y*der"ma*tous (?), a.
1. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
pachyderms.
2. Thick-skinned; not sensitive to ridicule.
Pach`y*der"moid (?), a.
[Pachyderm + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Related to the pachyderms.
Pach`y*glos"sal (?), a.
[Pachy- + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a thick tongue; -- applied to a
group of lizards (Pachygloss\'91), including the
iguanas and agamas.
Pach`y*men`in*gi"tis (?), n.
[Pachy- + meningitis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the dura mater or outer
membrane of the brain.
Pa*chym"e*ter (?), n.
[Pachy- + -meter.] Same as
Pachometer.
Pach"y*ote (?), n.
[Pachy- + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) One of a family of bats, including
those which have thick external ears.
Pac"i*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being pacified or appeased; placable.
Pa*cif"ic (?), a. [L.
pacificus: cf. F. pacifique. See
Pacify.] Of or pertaining to peace; suited to
make or restore peace; of a peaceful character; not warlike; not
quarrelsome; conciliatory; as, pacific words or
acts; a pacific nature or condition.
Pacific Ocean, the ocean between America and
Asia, so called by Magellan, its first European navigator, on
account of the exemption from violent tempests which he enjoyed
while sailing over it; -- called also, simply, the
Pacific, and, formerly, the South
sea.
Syn. -- Peacemaking; appeasing; conciliatory; tranquil;
calm; quiet; peaceful; reconciling; mild; gentle.
Pa*cif"ic*a*ble (?), a.
Placable. [R.]
Bp. Hall.
Pa*cif"ic*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to peace; pacific. [R.] Sir H.
Wotton. -- Pa*cif"ic*al*ly,
adv. [R.]
Pa*cif`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
pacificatio: cf. F. pacification. See
Pacify.] The act or process of pacifying, or
of making peace between parties at variance;
reconciliation. \'bdAn embassy of
pacification.\'b8
Bacon.
Pa*cif"i*ca`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who, or that which, pacifies; a
peacemaker.
Bacon.
Pa*cif"i*ca*to*ry (?), a. [L.
pacificatorius.] Tending to make peace;
conciliatory.
Barrow.
Pac"fi`er (?), n. One who
pacifies.
Pac"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pacified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pacifying
(?).] [F. pacifier, L.
pacificare; pax, pacis, peace +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See Peace, and
-fy.] To make to be at peace; to appease; to
calm; to still; to quiet; to allay the agitation, excitement, or
resentment of; to tranquillize; as, to pacify a man
when angry; to pacify pride, appetite, or
importunity. \'bdPray ye, pacify
yourself.\'b8
Shak.
To pacify and settle those countries.
Bacon.
Pa*cin"i*an (?), a.
(Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or discovered by,
Filippo Pacini, an Italian physician of the 19th
century.
Pacinian corpuscles, small oval bodies
terminating some of the minute branches of the sensory nerves in
the integument and other parts of the body. They are supposed to
be tactile organs.
Pack (?), n. [Cf.
Pact.] A pact. [Obs.]
Daniel.
Pack, n. [Akin to D. pak, G.
pack, Dan. pakke, Sw. packa,
Icel. pakki, Gael. & Ir. pac, Arm.
pak. Cf. Packet.]
1. A bundle made up and prepared to be carried;
especially, a bundle to be carried on the back; a load for an
animal; a bale, as of goods.
Piers Plowman.
2. [Cf. Peck, n.] A
number or quantity equal to the contents of a pack; hence, a
multitude; a burden. \'bdA pack of sorrows.\'b8
\'bdA pack of blessings.\'b8
Shak.
pack of meal is
meant 280 lbs.; of wool, 240 lbs.\'b8
McElrath.
3. A number or quantity of connected or similar
things; as: (a) A full set of playing cards;
also, the assortment used in a particular game; as, a euchre
pack. (b) A number of hounds or
dogs, hunting or kept together. (c) A number
of persons associated or leagued in a bad design or practice; a
gang; as, a pack of thieves or knaves.
(d) A shook of cask staves. (e)
A bundle of sheet-iron plates for rolling
simultaneously.
4. A large area of floating pieces of ice driven
together more or less closely.
Kane.
5. An envelope, or wrapping, of sheets used in
hydropathic practice, called dry pack, wet
pack, cold pack, etc., according to the method
of treatment.
6. [Prob. the same word; but cf. AS.
p to deceive.] A loose, lewd, or
worthless person. See Baggage. [Obs.]
Skelton.
Pack animal, an animal, as a horse, mule,
etc., employed in carrying packs. -- Pack cloth,
a coarse cloth, often duck, used in covering packs or
bales. -- Pack horse. See Pack
animal (above). -- Pack ice. See def.
4, above. -- Pack moth (Zo\'94l.),
a small moth (Anacampsis sarcitella) which, in the
larval state, is very destructive to wool and woolen
fabrics. -- Pack needle, a needle for sewing
with pack thread. Piers Plowman. -- Pack
saddle, a saddle made for supporting the load on a pack
animal. Shak. -- Pack staff, a staff for
supporting a pack; a peddler's staff. -- Pack
thread, strong thread or small twine used for tying
packs or parcels. -- Pack train
(Mil.), a troop of pack animals.
<-- p. 1029 -->
Pack (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Packed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Packing.]
[Akin to D. pakken, G. packen, Dan.
pakke, Sw. packa, Icel. pakka.
See Pack, n.] 1. To make
a pack of; to arrange closely and securely in a pack; hence, to
place and arrange compactly as in a pack; to press into close
order or narrow compass; as to pack goods in a box; to
pack fish.
Strange materials packed up with wonderful art.
Addison.
Where . . . the bones
Of all my buried ancestors are packed.
Shak.
2. To fill in the manner of a pack, that is,
compactly and securely, as for transportation; hence, to fill
closely or to repletion; to stow away within; to cause to be
full; to crowd into; as, to pack a trunk; the play,
or the audience, packs the theater.
3. To sort and arrange (the cards) in a pack so as
to secure the game unfairly.
And mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown.
Pope.
4. Hence: To bring together or make up unfairly and
fraudulently, in order to secure a certain result; as, to
pack a jury or a causes.
The expected council was dwindling into . . . a
packed assembly of Italian bishops.
Atterbury.
5. To contrive unfairly or fraudulently; to
plot. [Obs.]
He lost life . . . upon a nice point subtilely devised and
packed by his enemies.
Fuller.
6. To load with a pack; hence, to load; to
encumber; as, to pack a horse.
Our thighs packed with wax, our mouths with
honey.
Shack.
7. To cause to go; to send away with baggage or
belongings; esp., to send away peremptorily or suddenly; --
sometimes with off; as, to pack a boy off
to school.
He . . . must not die
Till George be packed with post horse up to
heaven.
Shak.
8. To transport in a pack, or in the manner of a
pack (i. e., on the backs of men or beasts).
[Western U.S.]
9. (Hydropathy) To envelop in a wet or
dry sheet, within numerous coverings. See Pack,
n., 5.
10. (Mech.) To render impervious, as by
filling or surrounding with suitable material, or to fit or
adjust so as to move without giving passage to air, water, or
steam; as, to pack a joint; to pack the
piston of a steam engine.
Pack, v. i. 1. To make up
packs, bales, or bundles; to stow articles securely for
transportation.
2. To admit of stowage, or of making up for
transportation or storage; to become compressed or to settle
together, so as to form a compact mass; as, the goods
pack conveniently; wet snow packs
well.
3. To gather in flocks or schools; as, the
grouse or the perch begin to pack.
[Eng.]
4. To depart in haste; -- generally with
off or away.
Poor Stella must pack off to town
Swift.
You shall pack,
And never more darken my doors again.
Tennyson.
5. To unite in bad measures; to confederate for ill
purposes; to join in collusion. [Obs.] \'bdGo
pack with him.\'b8
Shak.
To send packing, to drive away; to send off
roughly or in disgrace; to dismiss unceremoniously. \'bdThe
parliament . . . presently sent him
packing.
South.
Pack"age (?), n. 1.
Act or process of packing.
2. A bundle made up for transportation; a packet; a
bale; a parcel; as, a package of goods.
3. A charge made for packing goods.
4. A duty formerly charged in the port of London on
goods imported or exported by aliens, or by denizens who were the
sons of aliens.
Pack"er (?), n. A person whose
business is to pack things; especially, one who packs food for
preservation; as, a pork packer.
Pack"et (?), n. [F.
paquet, dim. fr. LL. paccus, from the same
source as E. pack. See Pack.]
1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or
parcel; as, a packet of letters.
Shak.
2. Originally, a vessel employed by government to
convey dispatches or mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying
dispatches, mails, passengers, and goods, and having fixed days
of sailing; a mail boat.
Packet boat, ship, vessel. See Packet, n.,
2. -- Packet day, the day for mailing letters
to go by packet; or the sailing day. -- Packet
note post. See under
Paper.
Pack"et, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Packeted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Packeting.] 1. To make up into
a packet or bundle.
2. To send in a packet or dispatch vessel.
Her husband
Was packeted to France.
Ford.
Pack"et, v. i. To ply with a packet or
dispatch boat.
Pack"fong` (?), n. [Chin.
peh tung.] (Metal.) A Chinese
alloy of nickel, zinc, and copper, resembling German
silver.
Pack herse. See under 2d Pack.
Pack"house` (?), n. Warehouse
for storing goods.
Pack"ing, n. 1. The act or
process of one who packs.
2. Any material used to pack, fill up, or make
close. Specifically (Mach.): A substance or
piece used to make a joint impervious; as: (a)
A thin layer, or sheet, of yielding or elastic material
inserted between the surfaces of a flange joint.
(b) The substance in a stuffing box, through which
a piston rod slides. (c) A yielding ring, as
of metal, which surrounds a piston and maintains a tight fit, as
inside a cylinder, etc.
3. (Masonry) Same as
Filling. [Rare in the U. S.]
4. A trick; collusion. [Obs.]
Bale.
Cherd packing (Bridge Building),
the arrangement, side by side, of several parts, as bars,
diagonals, a post, etc., on a pin at the bottom of a chord.
Waddell. -- Packing box, a stuffing
box. See under Stuffing. -- Packing
press, a powerful press for baling cotton, wool, hay,
etc. -- Packing ring. See Packing, 2
(c), and Illust. of Piston. --
Packing sheet. (a) A large cloth for
packing goods. (b) A sheet prepared for packing
hydropathic patients.
Pack"man (?), n.; pl.
Packmen (. One who bears a
pack; a peddler.
{ Pack saddle, Pack thread }.
See under 2d Pack.
Pack"wax` (?), n. (Anat.)
Same as Paxwax.
Pack"way` (?), n. A path, as
over mountains, followed by pack animals.
{ Pa"co (?), Pa"cos (?),
} n. [Sp. paco, fr. Peruv.
paco. Cf. Alpaca.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Alpaca.
2. [Peruv. paco, pacu, red,
reddish, reddish ore containing silver; perh. a different
word.] (Min.) An earthy-looking ore,
consisting of brown oxide of iron with minute particles of native
silver.
Ure.
Pact (?), n. [L.
pactum, fr. paciscere to make a bargain or
contract, fr. pacere to settle, or agree upon; cf.
pangere to fasten, Gr. p\'beca
bond, and E. fang: cf. F. pacie. Cf.
Peace, Fadge, v.] An
agreement; a league; a compact; a covenant.
Bacon.
The engagement and pact of society whish goes by
the name of the constitution.
Burke.
Pac"tion (?), n. [L.
pactio: cf. F. paction. See
Pact.] An agreement; a compact; a
bargain. [R.]
Sir W. Scott.
Pac"tion*al (?), a. Of the
nature of, or by means of, a paction.
Bp. Sanderson.
Pac*ti"tious (?), a. [L.
pactitius, pacticius.] Setted by
a pact, or agreement. [R.]
Johnson.
Pac*to"li*an (?), a. Pertaining
to the Pactolus, a river in ancient Lydia famous for its golden
sands.
Pa"cu (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A South American freah-water fish (Myleies pacu),
of the family Characinid\'91. It is highly esteemed as
food.
Pad (?), n. [D. pad.
Path.] 1. A footpath;
a road. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
2. An easy-paced horse; a padnag.
Addison
An abbot on an ambling pad.
Tennyson.
3. A robber that infests the road on foot; a
highwayman; -- usually called a footpad.
Gay. Byron.
4. The act of robbing on the highway.
[Obs.]
Pad, v. t. To travel upon foot; to
tread. [Obs.]
Padding the streets for half a crown.
Somerville.
Pad, v. i. 1. To travel heavily
or slowly.
Bunyan.
2. To rob on foot. [Obs.]
Cotton Mather.
3. To wear a path by walking. [Prov.
Eng.]
Pad, n. [Perh. akin to
pod.] 1. A soft, or small,
cushion; a mass of anything soft; stuffing.
2. A kind of cushion for writing upon, or for
blotting; esp., one formed of many flat sheets of writing paper,
or layers of blotting paper; a block of paper.
3. A cushion used as a saddle without a tree or
frame.
4. A stuffed guard or protection; esp., one worn on
the legs of horses to prevent bruising.
5. (Zo\'94l.) A cushionlike thickening
of the skin one the under side of the toes of animals.
6. A floating leaf of a water lily or similar
plant.
7. (Med.) A soft bag or cushion to
relieve pressure, support a part, etc.
8. (Naut.) A piece of timber fixed on a
beam to fit the curve of the deck.
W. C. Russel.
9. A measure for fish; as, sixty mackerel go to
a pad; a basket of soles. [Eng.]
Simmonds.
Pad cloth, a saddlecloth; a housing. --
Pad saddle. See def. 3, above. -- Pad
tree (Harness Making), a piece of wood or
metal which gives rigidity and shape to a harness pad.
Knight.
Pad, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Padded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Padding.] 1. To stuff; to
furnish with a pad or padding.
2. (Calico Printing) To imbue uniformly
with a mordant; as, to pad cloth.
Ure.
Pad"ar (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] Groats; coarse flour or meal.
[Obs.]
Sir. H. Wotton.
Pad"der (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, pads.
2. A highwayman; a footpad.
[Obs.]
Pad"ding, n. 1. The act or
process of making a pad or of inserting stuffing.
2. The material with which anything is
padded.
3. Material of inferior value, serving to extend a
book, essay, etc.
London Sat. Rev.
4. (Calico Printing) The uniform
impregnation of cloth with a mordant.
Pad"dle (?), v. i. [Prob. for
pattle, and a dim. of pat, v.; cf. also E.
pad to tread, Prov. G. paddeln,
padden, to walk with short steps, to paddle, G.
patschen to splash, dash, dabble, F.
patouiller to dabble, splash, fr. patte a
paw. 1. To use the hands or fingers in
toying; to make caressing strokes. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. To dabble in water with hands or feet; to use a
paddle, or something which serves as a paddle, in swimming, in
paddling a boat, etc.
As the men were paddling for their lives.
L'Estrange.
While paddling ducks the standing lake desire.
Gay.
Pad"dle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Paddled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Paddling (?)] 1.
To pat or stroke amorously, or gently.
To be paddling palms and pinching fingers.
Shak.
2. To propel with, or as with, a paddle or
paddles.
3. To pad; to tread upon; to trample.
[Prov. Eng.]
Pad"dle, n. [See Paddle,
v. i.] 1. An implement with a
broad blade, which is used without a fixed fulcrum in propelling
and steering canoes and boats.
2. The broad part of a paddle, with which the
stroke is made; hence, any short, broad blade, resembling that of
a paddle.
Thou shalt have a paddle upon thy weapon.
Deut. xxiii. 13.
3. One of the broad boards, or floats, at the
circumference of a water wheel, or paddle wheel.
4. A small gate in sluices or lock gates to admit
or let off water; -- also called clough.
5. (Zo\'94l.) A paddle-shaped foot, as
of the sea turtle.
6. A paddle-shaped implement for string or
mixing.
7. [In this sense prob. for older
spaddle, a dim. of spade.]
See Paddle staff (b), below. [Prov.
Eng.]
Paddle beam (Shipbuilding), one of
two large timbers supporting the spring beam and paddle box of a
steam vessel. -- Paddle board. See
Paddle, n., 3. -- Paddle box,
the structure inclosing the upper part of the paddle wheel of
a steam vessel. -- Paddle shaft, the
revolving shaft which carries the paddle wheel of a steam
vessel. -- Paddle staff. (a) A staff
tipped with a broad blade, used by mole catchers.
[Prov. Eng.] (b) A long-handled spade
used to clean a plowshare; -- called also plow
staff. [Prov. Eng.] -- Paddle
steamer, a steam vessel propelled by paddle wheels, in
distinction from a screw propeller. -- Paddle
wheel, the propelling wheel of a steam vessel, having
paddles (or floats) on its circumference, and revolving in a
vertical plane parallel to the vessel's length.
Pad"dle*cock` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The lumpfish. [Prov.
Eng.]
Pad"dle*fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l) A large ganoid fish (Polyodon
spathula) found in the rivers of the Mississippi Valley. It
has a long spatula-shaped snout. Called also duck-billed
cat, and spoonbill sturgeon.
Pad"der (?), n. One who, or
that which, paddles.
Pad"dle*wood` (?), n.
(Bot.) The light elastic wood of the
Aspidosperma excelsum, a tree of Guiana having a
fluted trunk readily split into planks.
Pad"dock (?), n. [OE.
padde toad, frog + -ock; akin to D.
pad, padde, toad, Icel. & Sw.
padda, Dan. padde.]
(Zo\'94l.) A toad or frog. Wyclif.
\'bdLoathed paddocks.\'b8 Spenser
Paddock pipe (Bot.), a
hollow-stemmed plant of the genus Equisetum,
especially E. limosum and the fruiting stems of
E. arvense; -- called also padow
pipe and toad pipe. See
Equisetum. -- Paddock stone. See
Toadstone. -- Paddock stool
(Bot.),a toadstool.
Pad"dock, n. [Corrupted fr.
parrock. See Parrock.]
1. A small inclosure or park for sporting.
[Obs.]
2. A small inclosure for pasture; esp., one
adjoining a stable.
Evelyn. Cowper.
Pad"dy (?), a. [Prov. E.
paddy worm-eaten.] Low; mean; boorish;
vagabond. \'bdSuch pady persons.\'b8 Digges
(1585). \'bdThe paddy persons.\'b8
Motley.
Pad"dy, n.; pl. Paddies
(#). [Corrupted fr. St. Patrick,
the tutelar saint of Ireland.] A jocose or
contemptuous name for an Irishman.
Pad"dy, n. [Either fr. Canarese
bhatta or Malay p\'bed\'c6.]
(Bot.) Unhusked rice; -- commonly so called in
the East Indies.
Paddy bird. (Zo\'94l.) See
Java sparrow, under Java.
Pad`e*li"on (?), n. [F.
pas de lionon's foot.] (Bot.) A
plant with pedately lobed leaves; the lady's mantle.
\'d8Pa*del"la (?), n. [It.,
prop., a pan, a friing pan, fr. L. patella a
pan.] A large cup or deep saucer, containing fatty
matter in which a wick is placed, -- used for public
illuminations, as at St. Peter's, in Rome. Called also
padelle.
Pad`e*mel"on (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Wallaby.
Pad"e*soy` (?), n. See
Paduasoy.
Padge, n. (Zo\'94l.) The barn
owl; -- called also pudge, and pudge
owl. [Prov. Eng.]
\'d8Pa`di*shah" (?), n. [Per.
p\'bedish\'beh. Cf. Pasha.] Chief
ruler; monarch; sovereign; -- a title of the Sultan of Turkey,
and of the Shah of Persia.
Pad"lock` (?), n. [Perh. orig.,
a lock for a pad gate, or a gate opening to a
path, or perh., a lock for a basket or pannier, and
from Prov. E. pad a pannier. Cf. Pad a path,
Paddler.] 1. A portable lock with a
bow which is usually jointed or pivoted at one end so that it can
be opened, the other end being fastened by the bolt, -- used for
fastening by passing the bow through a staple over a hasp or
through the links of a chain, etc.
2. Fig.: A curb; a restraint.
Pad"lock`, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Padlocked (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Padlocking.] To fasten with,
or as with, a padlock; to stop; to shut; to confine as by a
padlock.
Milton. Tennyson.
Pad"nag` (?), n. [lst pad
+ nag.] An ambling nag. \'bdAn easy
padnag.\'b8
Macaulay.
Pad"ow (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A paddock, or toad.
Padow pipe. (Bot.) See
Paddock pipe, under Paddock.
\'d8Pa*dro"ne (?), n.; pl. It.
Padroni (#), E. Padrones.
[It. See Patron.] 1. A patron;
a protector.
2. The master of a small coaster in the
Mediterranean.
3. A man who imports, and controls the earnings of,
Italian laborers, street musicians, etc.
Pad`u*a*soy" (?), n. [From
Padua, in Italy + F. soie silk; or cf. F.
pou-de-soie.] A rich and heavy silk
stuff. [Written also padesoy.]
Pa*du"cahs (?), n. pl.; sing.
Paducah (.
(Ethnol.) See Comanches.
P\'91"an (?), n. [L.
paean, Gr. P\'91on, Peony.]
[Written also pean.] 1.
An ancient Greek hymn in honor of Apollo as a healing deity,
and, later, a song addressed to other deities.
2. Any loud and joyous song; a song of
triumph. Dryden. \'bdPublic p\'91ans of
congratulation.\'b8
De Quincey.
3. See P\'91on.
P\'91`do*bap"tism (?), n.
Pedobaptism.
<-- p. 1030 -->
P\'91`do*gen"esis (?), n. [Gr.
, , child + E.
genesis.] (Zo\'94l.)
Reproduction by young or larval animals.
P\'91`do*ge*net"ic (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Producing young while in the immature
or larval state; -- said of certain insects, etc.
P\'91"on (?), n. [L.
paeon, Gr. a solemn song, also, a
p\'91on, equiv. to P\'91an.] (Anc.
Poet.) A foot of four syllables, one long and three
short, admitting of four combinations, according to the place of
the long syllable. [Written also, less correctly,
p\'91an.]
P\'91"o*nine (?), n.
(Chem.) An artifical red nitrogenous dyestuff,
called also red coralline.
P\'91"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.)
See Peony.
Pa"gan (?), n. [L.
paganus a countryman, peasant, villager, a pagan, fr.
paganus of or pertaining to the country, rustic, also,
pagan, fr. pagus a district, canton, the country,
perh. orig., a district with fixed boundaries: cf.
pangere to fasten. Cf. Painim,
Peasant, and Pact, also
Heathen.] One who worships false goods; an
idolater; a heathen; one who is neither a Christian, a
Mohammedan, nor a Jew.
Neither having the accent of Christians, nor the gait of
Christian, pagan, nor man.
Shak.
Syn. -- Gentile; heathen; idolater. --
Pagan, Gentile, Heathen.
Gentile was applied to the other nations of the earth
as distinguished from the Jews. Pagan was the name
given to idolaters in the early Christian church, because the
villagers, being most remote from the centers of
instruction, remained for a long time unconverted.
Heathen has the same origin. Pagan is now
more properly applied to rude and uncivilized idolaters, while
heathen embraces all who practice idolatry.
Pa"gan, a. [L. paganus of or
pertaining to the country, pagan. See Pagan,
n.] Of or pertaining to pagans; relating to
the worship or the worshipers of false goods; heathen;
idolatrous, as, pagan tribes or
superstitions.
And all the rites of pagan honor paid.
Dryden.
Pa"gan*dom (?), n. The pagan
lands; pagans, collectively; paganism. [R.]
{ Pa*gan"ic (?), Pa*gan"ic*al
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to
pagans or paganism; heathenish; paganish. [R.]
\'bdThe paganic fables of the goods.\'b8
Cudworth. -- Pa*gan"ic*al*ly,
adv. [R.]
Pa"gan*ish (?), a. Of or
pertaining to pagans; heathenish. \'bdThe old
paganish idolatry.\'b8
Sharp
Pa"gan*ism (?), n. [L.
paganismus: cf. F. paganisme. See
Pagan, and cf. Painim.] The state of
being pagan; pagan characteristics; esp., the worship of idols or
false gods, or the system of religious opinions and worship
maintained by pagans; heathenism.
Pa*gan"i*ty (?), n. [L.
Paganitas.] The state of being a pagan;
paganism. [R.]
Cudworth.
Pa"gan*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Paganized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paganizing
(?).] To render pagan or heathenish; to
convert to paganism.
Hallywell.
Pa"gan*ize, v. i. To behave like
pagans.
Milton.
Pa"gan*ly, adv. In a pagan manner.
Dr. H. More.
Page (?), n. [F., fr. It.
paggio, LL. pagius, fr. Gr. puer. Cf.
Pedagogue, Puerile.] 1. A
serving boy; formerly, a youth attending a person of high degree,
especially at courts, as a position of honor and education; now
commonly, in England, a youth employed for doin errands, waiting
on the door, and similar service in households; in the United
States, a boy emploed to wait upon the members of a legislative
body.
He had two pages of honor -- on either hand
one.
Bacon.
2. A boy child. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
3. A contrivance, as a band, pin, snap, or the
like, to hold the skirt of a woman's dress from the ground.
4. (Brickmaking.) A track along which
pallets carrying newly molded bricks are conveyed to the
hack.
5. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species
of beautiful South American moths of the genus
Urania.
Page, v. t. To attend (one) as a
page. [Obs.]
Shak.
Page, n. [F., fr. L. pagina;
prob. akin to pagere, pangere, to fasten,
fix, make, the pages or leaves being fastened together. Cf.
Pact, Pageant, Pagination.]
1. One side of a leaf of a book or
manuscript.
Such was the book from whose pages she sang.
Longfellow.
2. Fig.: A record; a writing; as, the
page of history.
3. (Print.) The type set up for printing
a page.
Page, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Paged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paging (?).] To mark or number
the pages of, as a book or manuskript; to furnish with
folios.
Pag"eant (?), n. [OE.
pagent, pagen, originally, a movable
scaffold or stage, hence, what was exhibited on it, fr. LL.
pagina, akin to pangere to fasten; cf. L.
pagina page, leaf, slab, compaginare to
join together, compages a joining together, structure.
See Pact, Page of a book.]
1. A theatrical exhibition; a spectacle.
\'bdA pageant truly played.\'b8
Shak.
To see sad pageants of men's miseries.
Spenser.
2. An elaborate exhibition devised for the
entertainmeut of a distinguished personage, or of the public; a
show, spectacle, or display.
The gaze of fools, and pageant of a day !
Pope.
We love the man, the paltry pageant you.
Cowper.
Pag"eant, a. Of the nature of a pageant;
spectacular. \'bdPageant pomp.\'b8
Dryden.
Pag"eant, v. t. To exhibit in show; to
represent; to mimic. [R.] \'bdHe
pageants us.\'b8
Shak.
Pag"eant*ry (?), n. Scenic
shows or spectacles, taken collectivelly; spectacular guality;
splendor.
Such pageantry be to the people shown.
Dryden.
The pageantry of festival.
J. A. Symonds.
Syn. -- Pomp; parade; show; display; spectacle.
Page"hood (?), n. The state of
being a page.
\'d8Pag"i*na (?), n.; pl.
Pagin\'91 (#). [L.]
(Bot.) The surface of a leaf or of a flattened
thallus.
Pag"i*nal (?), a. [L.
paginalis.] Consisting of pages.
\'bdPaginal books.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Pag`i*na"tion (?), n. The act
or process of paging a book; also, the characters used in
numbering the pages; page number.
Lowndes.
Pa"ging (?), n. The marking or
numbering of the pages of a book.
Pa"god (?), n. [Cf. F.
pagode. See Pagoda.]
1. A pagoda. [R.] \'bdOr some queer
pagod.\'bd
Pope.
2. An idol. [Obs.]
Bp. Stillingfleet.
Pa*go"da (?), n. [Pg.
pagoda, pagode, fr.Hind. & Per.
but-kadah a house of idols, or abode of God; Per.
but an idol + kadah a house, a
temple.] 1. A term by which Europeans
designate religious temples and tower-like buildings of the
Hindoos and Buddhists of India, Farther India, China, and Japan,
-- usually but not always, devoted to idol worship.
2. An idol. [R.]
Brande & C.
3. [Prob. so named from the image of a pagoda or a
deity (cf. Skr. bhagavat holy, divine) stamped on
it.] A gold or silver coin, of various kinds and
values, formerly current in India. The Madras gold pagoda was
worth about three and a half rupees.
Pa*go"dite (?), n. (Min.)
Agalmatolite; -- so called because sometimes carved by the
Chinese into the form of pagodas. See
Agalmatolite.
\'d8Pa*gu"ma (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of East
Indian viverrine mammals of the genus Paguma. They
resemble a weasel in form.
Pa*gu"ri*an (?), n. [L.
pagurus a kind of crab, Gr. .]
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of a tribe of anomuran
crustaceans, of which Pagurus is a type; the hermit
crab. See Hermit crab, under Hermit.
Pah (?), interj. An exclamation
expressing disgust or contempt. See Bah.
Fie! fie! fie! pah! pah! Give me an
ounce of civet, good apothecary, to sweeten my imagination.
Shak.
\'d8Pah (?), n. [From native
name.] A kind of stockaded intrenchment.
[New Zealand.]
Farrow.
Pa"hi (?), n. (Naut.)
A large war canoe of the Society Islands.
Pah"le*vi (?), n. Same as
Pehlevi.
\'d8Pa*ho"e*ho`e (?), n.
(Min.) A name given in the Sandwich Islands to
lava having a relatively smooth surface, in distinction from the
rough-surfaced lava, called a-a.<-- Sandwich
islands = Hawaii -->
Pah"*Utes` (?), n. pl.
(Ethnol.) See Utes.
Paid (?), imp., p. p., & a. of
Pay. 1. Receiving pay; compensated;
hired; as, a paid attorney.
2. Satisfied; contented. [Obs.]
\'bdPaid of his poverty.\'b8
Chaucer.
Pai*deu"tics (?), n. [Gr.
, fr. to teach, fr.
,, a boy.] The science or
art of teaching.
Pai"en (?), n. & a.
Pagan. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pai"gle (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Bot.) A species of
Primula, either the cowslip or the primrose.
[Written also pagle, pagil,
peagle, and pygil.]
\'d8Pai*ja"ma (?), n.
Pyjama.
Pail (?), n. [OE.
paile, AS. p\'91gel a wine vessel, a pail,
akin to D. & G. pegel a watermark, a gauge rod, a
measure of wine, Dan. p\'91gel half a pint.]
A vessel of wood or tin, etc., usually cylindrical and
having a bail, -- used esp. for carrying liquids, as water or
milk, etc.; a bucket. It may, or may not, have a cover.
Shak.
Pail"ful (?), n.; pl.
Pailfuls (. The quantity that
a pail will hold. \'bdBy pailfuls.\'b8
Shak.
Pail*lasse" (?; F. , n.
[F., fr. paille straw. See Pallet a
bed.] An under bed or mattress of straw.
[Written also palliasse.]
Pail`mall" (?), n. & a. See
Pall-mall. [Obs.]
Pain (?), n. [OE.
peine, F. peine, fr. L. poena,
penalty, punishment, torment, pain; akin to Gr.
penalty. Cf. Penal, Pine to languish,
Punish.] 1. Punishment suffered or
denounced; suffering or evil inflicted as a punishment for crime,
or connected with the commission of a crime; penalty.
Chaucer.
We will, by way of mulct or pain, lay it upon
him.
Bacon.
Interpose, on pain of my displeasure.
Dryden.
None shall presume to fly, under pain of death.
Addison.
2. Any uneasy sensation in animal bodies, from
slight uneasiness to extreme distress or torture, proceeding from
a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence;
bodily distress; bodily suffering; an ache; a smart.
\'bdThe pain of Jesus Christ.\'b8
Chaucer.
Pain may occur in any part of the body
where sensory nerves are distributed, and it is always due to
some kind of stimulation of them. The sensation is generally
referred to the peripheral end of the nerve.
3. pl. Specifically, the throes or
travail of childbirth.
She bowed herself and travailed, for her pains came
upon her.
1 Sam. iv. 19.
4. Uneasiness of mind; mental distress;
disquietude; anxiety; grief; solicitude; anguish.
Chaucer.
In rapture as in pain.
Keble.
5. See Pains, labor, effort.
Bill of pains and penalties. See under
Bill. -- To die in the pain, to be
tortured to death. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pain, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pained (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paining.] [OE. peinen, OF.
pener, F. peiner to fatigue. See
Pain, n.] 1. To inflict
suffering upon as a penalty; to punish. [Obs.]
Wyclif (Acts xxii. 5).
2. To put to bodily uneasiness or anguish; to
afflict with uneasy sensations of any degree of intensity; to
torment; to torture; as, his dinner or his wound
pained him; his stomach pained him.
Excess of cold, as well as heat, pains us.
Lock
3. To render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to
distress; to grieve; as a child's faults pain his
parents.
I am pained at m
Jer. iv. 19.
To pain one's self, to exert or trouble one's
self; to take pains; to be solicitous. [Obs.]
\'bdShe pained her to do all that she
might.\'b8
Chaucer.
Syn. -- To disquiet; trouble; afflict; grieve; aggrieve;
distress; agonize; torment; torture.
Pain"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82nible.] Causing pain; painful.
[Obs.]
The manacles of Astyages were not . . . the less weighty and
painable for being composed of gold or silver.
Evelyn.
Pain"ful (?), a. 1.
Full of pain; causing uneasiness or distress, either
physical or mental; afflictive; disquieting; distressing
Addison.
2. Requiring labor or toil; difficult; executed
with laborious effort; as a painful service; a
painful march.
3. Painstaking; careful; industrious.
[Obs.]
Fuller.
A very painful person, and a great clerk.
Jer. Taylor.
Nor must the painful husbandman be tired.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Disquieting; troublesome; afflictive; distressing;
grievous; laborious; toilsome; difficult; arduous. --
Pain"ful*ly, adv. --
Pain"ful*ness, n.
Pai"nim (?), n.[OE.
painime pagans, paganism, fr. OF. paienisme
paganism, LL. paganismus. See Paganism,
Pagan.] A pagan; an infidel; -- used also
adjectively. [Written also panim and
paynim.]
Peacham.
Pain"less (?), a. Free from
pain; without pain. -- Pain"less*ly,
adv. -- Pain"less*ness,
n.
Pains (?), n.Labor; toilsome
effort; care or trouble taken; -- plural in form, but used with a
singular or plural verb, commonly the former.
And all my pains is sorted to no proof.
Shak.
The pains they had taken was very great.
Clarendon.
The labored earth your pains have sowed and
tilled.
Dryden.
Pains"tak`er (?), n. One who
takes pains; one careful and faithful in all work.
Gay.
Pains"tak`ing, a. Careful in doing;
diligent; faithful; attentive. \'bdPainstaking
men.\'b8
Harris.
Pains"tak`ing, n. The act of taking
pains; carefulness and fidelity in performance.
Beau. & Fl.
Pains"wor`thy (?), a. Worth the
pains o
Paint (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Painted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Painting.] [OE.
peinten, fr. F. peint, p.
p. opeindre to paint, fr. L.
pingere, pictum; cf. Gr.
many-colored, Skr. pic to adorn. Cf. Depict,
Picture, Pigment, Pint.]
1. To cover with coloring matter; to apply paint
to; as, to paint a house, a signboard,
etc.
Jezebel painted her face and tired her head.
2 Kings ix. 30.
2. Fig.: To color, stain, or tinge; to adorn or
beautify with colors; to diversify with colors.
Not painted with the crimson spots of blood.
Shak.
Cuckoo buds of yellow hue
Do paint the meadows with delight.
Shak.
3. To form in colors a figure or likeness of on a
flat surface, as upon canvas; to represent by means of colors or
hues; to exhibit in a tinted image; to portray with paints;
as, to paint a portrait or a landscape.
4. Fig.: To represent or exhibit to the mind; to
describe vividly; to delineate; to image; to depict.
Disloyal?
The word is too good to paint out her wickedness.
Shak.
If folly grow romantic, I must paint it.
Pope.
Syn. -- To color; picture; depict; portray; delineate;
sketch; draw; describe.
Paint, v. t. 1. To practice the
art of painting; as, the artist paints
well.
2. To color one's face by way of beautifying
it.
Let her paint an inch thick.
Shak.
Paint, n. 1. (a) A
pigment or coloring substance. (b) The same
prepared with a vehicle, as oil, water with gum, or the like, for
application to a surface.
2. A cosmetic; rouge.
Praed.
Paint"ed, a. 1. Covered or
adorned with paint; portrayed in colors.
As idle as a painted ship
Upon a painted ocean.
Coleridge.
2. (Nat. Hist.) Marked with bright
colors; as, the painted turtle; painted
bunting.
Painted beauty (Zo\'94l.), a
handsome American butterfly (Vanessa Huntera), having
a variety of bright colors, -- Painted cup
(Bot.), any plant of an American genus of herbs
(Castilleia) in which the bracts are usually
bright-colored and more showy than the flowers. Castilleia
coccinea has brilliantly scarlet bracts, and is common in
meadows. -- Painted finch. See
Nonpareil. -- Painted lady
(Zo\'94l.), a bright-colored butterfly. See
Thistle butterfly. -- Painted turtle
(Zo\'94l.), a common American freshwater tortoise
(Chrysemys picta), having bright red and yellow
markings beneath.
Paint"er (?), n. [OE,
pantere a noose, snare, F. panti\'8are, LL.
panthera, L. panther a hunting net, fr. Gr.
; painteir
a net, gin, snare, Gael. painntear.]
(Naut.) A rope at the bow of a boat, used to
fasten it to anything.
Totten.
Paint"er, n. [Corrupt. of
panther.] (Zo\'94l.) The
panther, or puma. [A form representing an illiterate
pronunciation, U. S.]
J. F. Cooper.
Paint"er, n. [See lst
Paint.] One whose occupation is to
paint; esp.: (a) One who covers buildings,
ships, ironwork, and the like, with paint. (b)
An artist who represents objects or scenes in color on a
flat surface, as canvas, plaster, or the like.
Painter's colic. (Med.) See
Lead colic, under Colic. --
Painter stainer. (a) A painter of coats
of arms. Crabb. (b) A member of a
livery company or guild in London, bearing this name.
<-- p. 1031 -->
Paint"er*ly (?), a. Like a
painter's work. [Obs.] \'bdA
painterly glose of a visage.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
Paint"er*ship, n. The state or position
of being a painter. [R.]
Br. Gardiner.
Paint"ing, n. 1. The act or
employment of laying on, or adorning with, paints or
colors.
2. (Fine Arts) The work of the painter;
also, any work of art in which objects are represented in color
on a flat surface; a colored representation of any object or
scene; a picture.
3. Color laid on; paint. [R.]
Shak.
4. A depicting by words; vivid representation in
words.
Syn. -- See Picture.
Paint"less, a. Not capable of being
painted or described. \'bdIn paintless
patience.\'b8
Savage.
Pain"ture (?), n. [F.
peinture. See Paint, v. t., and
cf. Picture.] The art of painting.
[Obs.]
Chaucer. Dryden.
Paint"y (?), a. Unskillfully
painted, so that the painter's method of work is too obvious;
also, having too much pigment applied to the surface.
[Cant]
Pair (?), n. [F.
paire, LL. paria, L. paria, pl.
of par pair, fr. par, adj., equal. Cf.
Apparel, Par equality, Peer an
equal.]
1. A number of things resembling one another, or
belonging together; a set; as, a pair or flight of
stairs. \'bdA pair of beads.\'b8
Chaucer. Beau. & Fl. \'bdFour pair
of stairs.\'b8 Macaulay. [Now mostly or quite
disused, except as to stairs.]
Two crowns in my pocket, two pair of cards.
Beau. & Fl.
2. Two things of a kind, similar in form, suited to
each other, and intended to be used together; as, a
pair of gloves or stockings; a pair of
shoes.
3. Two of a sort; a span; a yoke; a couple; a
brace; as, a pair of horses; a pair of
oxen.
4. A married couple; a man and wife. \'bdA
happy pair.\'b8 Dryden. \'bdThe hapless
pair.\'b8 Milton.
5. A single thing, composed of two pieces fitted to
each other and used together; as, a pair of
scissors; a pair of tongs; a pair of
bellows.
6. Two members of opposite parties or opinion, as
in a parliamentary body, who mutually agree not to vote on a
given question, or on issues of a party nature during a specified
time; as, there were two pairs on the final
vote. [Parliamentary Cant]
7. (Kinematics) In a mechanism, two
elements, or bodies, which are so applied to each other as to
mutually constrain relative motion.
Pairs are named in accordance with the
kind of motion they permit; thus, a journal and its bearing form
a turning pair, a cylinder and its piston a
sliding pair, a screw and its nut a twisting
pair, etc. Any pair in which the constraining
contact is along lines or at points only (as a cam and roller
acting together), is designated a higher pair; any
pair having constraining surfaces which fit each other
(as a cylindrical pin and eye, a screw and its nut, etc.), is
called a lower pair.
Pair royal (pl. Pairs Royal)
three things of a sort; -- used especially of playing cards
in some games, as cribbage; as three kings, three \'bdeight
spots\'b8 etc. Four of a kind are called a double pair
royal. \'bdSomething in his face gave me as much pleasure as
a pair royal of naturals in my own hand.\'b8
Goldsmith. \'bdThat great pair royal of
adamantine sisters [the Fates].\'b8 Quarles.
[Written corruptly parial and
prial.]
Syn. -- Pair, Flight, Set.
Originally, pair was not confined to two
things, but was applied to any number of equal things
(pares), that go together. Ben Jonson speaks of a
pair (set) of chessmen; also, he and Lord Bacon speak
of a pair (pack) of cards. A \'bdpair of
stairs\'b8 is still in popular use, as well as the later
expression, \'bdflight of stairs.\'b8
Pair, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Paired (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pairing.] 1. To be joined in
paris; to couple; to mate, as for breeding.
2. To suit; to fit, as a counterpart.
My heart was made to fit and pair with thine.
Rowe.
3. Same as To pair off. See phrase
below.
To pair off, to separate from a company in
pairs or couples; specif. (Parliamentary Cant), to
agree with one of the opposite party or opinion to abstain from
voting on specified questions or issues. See Pair,
n., 6.
Pair, v. t. 1. To unite in
couples; to form a pair of; to bring together, as things which
belong together, or which complement, or are adapted to one
another.
Glossy jet is paired with shining white.
Pope.
2. To engage (one's self) with another of opposite
opinions not to vote on a particular question or class of
questions. [Parliamentary Cant]
Paired fins. (Zo\'94l.) See under
Fin.
Pair, v. t. [See Impair.]
To impair. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Pair"er (?), n. One who
impairs. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Pair"ing, n. [See Pair, v.
i.] 1. The act or process of uniting or
arranging in pairs or couples.
2. See To pair off, under
Pair, v. i.
Pairyng time, the time when birds or other
animals pair.
Pair"ment (?), n.
Impairment. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
\'d8Pa`is (?), n. [OF.
pu\'8bs, F. pays, country.] (O.
E. Law) The country; the people of the
neighborhood.
per pais is a trial by the
country, that is, by a jury; and matter in pais is
matter triable by the country, or jury.
\'d8Pa`i*sa"no (?), n. [Sp., of
the country, (Zo\'94l.) The
chaparral cock.
Paise (?), n.
[Obs.] See Poise.
Chapman.
Pa"jock (?), n. A
peacock. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pak"fong` (?), n. See
Packfong.
Pal (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A mate; a partner; esp., an accomplice or
confederate. [Slang]
Pal"ace (?), n. [OE.
palais, F. palais, fr. L.
palatium, fr. Palatium, one of the seven
hills of Rome, Paladin.]
1. The residence of a sovereign, including the
lodgings of high officers of state, and rooms for business, as
well as halls for ceremony and reception.
Chaucer.
2. The official residence of a bishop or other
distinguished personage.
3. Loosely, any unusually magnificent or stately
house.
Palace car. See under Car. --
Palace court, a court having jurisdiction of
personal actions arising within twelve miles of the palace at
Whitehall. The court was abolished in 1849.
[Eng.]
Mozley & W.
Pa*la"cious (?), a.
Palatial. [Obs.]
Graunt.
Pal"a*din (?), n. [F., fr.It.
paladino, fr. L. palatinus an officer of
the palace. See Palatine.] A knight-errant; a
distinguished champion; as, the paladins of
Charlemagne.
Sir W. Scott.
Pa"l\'91*o- (?). See
Paleo-.
Pa`l\'91*og"ra*pher (?), n.,
Pa`l\'91*o*graph"ic (, a.,
etc. See Paleographer, Paleographic,
etc.
Pa"l\'91*o*type (?), n.
[Pal\'91o- + -type.]
(Phon.) A system of representing all spoken
sounds by means of the printing types in common use.
Ellis. -- Pa`l\'91*o*typ"ic*al
(#), a. -- Pa`l\'91*o*typ"ic*al*ly,
adv.
\'d8Pa*l\'91s"tra (?), n. See
Palestra.
Pa*l\'91s"tric (?), a. See
Palestric.
Pa*l\'91`ti*ol"o*gist (?), n.
One versed in pal\'91tiology.
Pa*l\'91`ti*ol"o*gy (?), n.
[Pal\'91o- + \'91tiology.]
The science which explains, by the law of causation, the
past condition and changes of the earth. --
Pa*l\'91`ti*o*log"ic*al (#),
a.
\'d8Pal"a*ma (?), n.; pl.
Palamme (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A membrane extending
between the toes of a bird, and uniting them more or less closely
together.
\'d8Pal`a*me"de*\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An order, or
suborder, including the kamichi, and allied South American birds;
-- called also screamers. In many anatomical
characters they are allied to the Anseres, but they externally
resemble the wading birds.
Pal`am*pore" (?), n. See
Palempore.
\'d8Pa*lan"ka (?), n. [Cf. It.,
Pg., & Sp. palanca, fr.L. palanga,
phalanga a pole, Gr. (Mil.)
A camp permanently intrenched, attached to Turkish frontier
fortresses.
Pal`an*quin" (?), n. [F.
palanquin, Pg. palanquim, Javan.
palangki, OJavan. palangkan, through
Prakrit fr. Skr. parya, palya,
bed, couch; pari around (akin to E. pref.
peri-) + a a hook, flank, probably
akin to E. angle fishing tackle. Cf.
Palkee.] An inclosed carriage or litter,
commonly about eight feet long, four feet wide, and four feet
high, borne on the shoulders of men by means of two projecting
poles, -- used in India, China, etc., for the conveyance of a
single person from place to place. [Written also
palankeen.]
Pa*lap"te*ryx (?), n.
[Paleo- + apteryx.]
(Paleon.) A large extinct ostrichlike bird of New
Zealand.
Pal`a*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Palatableness.
Pal"a*ta*ble (?), a. [From
Palate.] Agreeable to the palate or taste;
savory; hence, acceptable; pleasing; as, palatable
food; palatable advice.
Pal"a*ta*ble*ness, n. The quality or
state of being agreeable to the taste; relish;
acceptableness.
Pal"a*ta*bly, adv. In a palatable
manner.
Pal"a*tal (?), a. [Cf. F.
palatal.] 1. Of or pertaining to
the palate; palatine; as, the palatal
bones.
2. (Phonetics) Uttered by the aid of the
palate; -- said of certain sounds, as the sound of k
in kirk.
Pal"a*tal, n. (Phon.) A sound
uttered, or a letter pronounced, by the aid of the palate, as the
letters k and y.
Pal"a*tal*ize (?), v. t.
(Phon.) To palatize.
Pal"ate (?), n. [L.
palatum: cf. F. palais, Of. also
palat.] 1. (Anat.) The
roof of the mouth.
hard
palate to distinguish it from the membranous and muscular
curtain which separates the cavity of the mouth from the pharynx
and is called the soft palate, or
velum.
2. Relish; taste; liking; -- a sense originating in
the mistaken notion that the palate is the organ of taste.
Hard task! to hit the palate of such guests.
Pope.
3. Fig.: Mental relish; intellectual taste.
T. Baker.
4. (Bot.) A projection in the throat of
such flowers as the snapdragon.
Pal"ate, v. t. To perceive by the
taste. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pa*la"tial (?), a. [L.
palatium palace. See Palace.] Of
or pertaining to a palace; suitable for a palace; resembling a
palace; royal; magnificent; as, palatial
structures. \'bdPalatial style.\'b8
A. Drummond.
Pa*la"tial, a. [From
Palate.] (Anat.) Palatal;
palatine. [Obs.]
Barrow.
Pa*la"tial, n. A palatal letter.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Jones.
Pa*lat"ic (?), a. (Anat.)
Palatal; palatine.
Pa*lat"ic, n. (Phon.) A
palatal. [R.]
Pa*lat"i*nate (?), n. [F.
palatinat. See Palatine.] The
province or seigniory of a palatine; the dignity of a
palatine.
Howell.
Pa*lat"i*nate (?), v. t. To
make a palatinate of. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Pal"a*tine (?), a. [F.
palatin, L. palatinus, fr.
palatium. See Palace, and cf.
Paladin.] Of or pertaining to a palace, or to
a high officer of a palace; hence, possessing royal
privileges.
Count palatine, County
palatine. See under Count, and
County. -- Palatine hill, The palatine, one of the seven hills of
Rome, once occupied by the palace of the C\'91sars. See
Palace.
Pal"a*tine (?), n. 1.
One invested with royal privileges and rights within his
domains; a count palatine. See Count palatine, under
4th Count.
2. The Palatine hill in Rome.
Pal"a*tine, a. [From Palate.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the palate.
Palatine bones (Anat.), a pair of
bones (often united in the adult) in the root of the mouth, back
of and between the maxillaries.
Pal"a*tine, (Anat.) A palatine
bone.
Pal"a*tive (?), a. Pleasing to
the taste; palatable. [Obs.]
\'bdPalative delights.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Pal"a*tize (?), v. t. To
modify, as the tones of the voice, by means of the palate;
as, to palatize a letter or sound. --
Pal`a*ti*za"tion (#),
n.
J. Peile.
Pal"a*to- (?). [From
Palate.] A combining form used in anatomy to
indicate relation to, or connection with,
the palate; as in palatolingual.
\'d8Pal`a*to*na"res (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Palato-, and Nares.]
(Anat.) The posterior nares. See
Nares.
Pal`a*top*ter"y*goid (?), a.
[Palato- + pterygoid.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to the palatine and pterygoid
region of the skull; as, the palatopterygoid
cartilage, or rod, from which the palatine and pterygoid bones
are developed.
Pa*la"ver (?), n. [Sp.
palabra, or Pg. palavra, fr. L.
parabola a comparison, a parable, LL., a word. See
Parable.]
1. Talk; conversation; esp., idle or beguiling
talk; talk intended to deceive; flattery.
2. In Africa, a parley with the natives; a talk;
hence, a public conference and deliberation; a debate.
This epoch of parliaments and eloquent
palavers.
Carlyle.
Pa*la"ver, v. t. & i. [imp. &
p. p. Palavered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Palavering.] To make palaver
with, or to; to used palaver;to talk idly or deceitfully; to
employ flattery; to cajole; as, to palaver
artfully.
Palavering the little language for her benefit.
C. Bront
Pa*la"ver*er (?), n. One who
palavers; a flatterer.
Pale (?), a.
[Compar. Paler (?);
superl. Palest.] [F.
p\'83le, fr. p\'83lir to turn pale, L.
pallere to be oAppall,
Fallow, pall, v. i.,
Pallid.]
1. Wanting in color; not ruddy; dusky white;
pallid; wan; as, a pale face; a pale red; a
pale blue. \'bdPale as a forpined
ghost.\'b8
Chaucer.
Speechless he stood and pale.
Milton.
They are not of complexion red or pale.
T. Randolph.
2. Not bright or brilliant; of a faint luster or
hue; dim; as, the pale light of the moon.
The night, methinks, is but the daylight sick;
It looks a little paler.
Shak.
Pale is often used in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, pale-colored,
pale-eyed, pale-faced,
pale-looking, etc.
Pale, n. Paleness; pallor.
[R.]
Shak.
Pale, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Paled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paling.] To turn pale; to lose color or
luster.
Whittier.
Apt to pale at a trodden worm.
Mrs. Browning.
Pale, v. t. To make pale; to diminish
the brightness of.
The glowpale his uneffectual fire.
Shak.
Pale, n. [F. pal, fr. L.
palus: cf. D. paal. See Pol a
stake, and lst Pallet.] 1. A pointed
stake or slat, either driven into the ground, or fastened to a
rail at the top and bottom, for fencing or inclosing; a
picket.
Deer creep through when a pale tumbles down.
Mortimer.
2. That which incloses or fences in; a boundary; a
limit; a fence; a palisade. \'bdWithin one pale
or hedge.\'b8
Robynson (More's Utopia).
3. A space or field having bounds or limits; a
limited region or place; an inclosure; -- often used
figuratively. \'bdTo walk the studious cloister's
pale.\'b8 Milton. \'bdOut of the
pale of civilization.\'b8
Macaulay.
4. A stripe or band, as on a garment.
Chaucer.
5. (Her.) One of the greater ordinaries,
being a broad perpendicular stripe in an escutcheon, equally
distant from the two edges, and occupying one third of it.
6. A cheese scoop.
Simmonds.
7. (Shipbuilding) A shore for bracing a
timber before it is fastened.
English pale (Hist.), the limits or
territory within which alone the English conquerors of Ireland
held dominion for a long period after their invasion of the
country in 1172.
Spencer.
Pale, v. t. To inclose with pales, or as
with pales; to encircle; to encompass; to fence off.
[Your isle, which stands] ribbed and paled in
With rocks unscalable and roaring waters.
Shak.
\'d8Pa"le*a (?), n.; pl.
Pale\'91 (-. [L.,
chaff.]
1. (Bot.) (a) The interior
chaff or husk of grasses. (b) One of the
chaffy scales or bractlets growing on the receptacle of many
compound flowers, as the Coreopsis, the sunflower, etc.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A pendulous process of the
skin on the throat of a bird, as in the turkey; a dewlap.
Pa`le*a"ceous (?), a. [L.
palea chaff.] (Bot.) Chaffy;
resembling or consisting of pale\'91, or chaff; furnished with
chaff; as, a paleaceous receptacle.
Pa`le*arc"tic (?), a.
[Paleo- + arctic.]
Belonging to a region of the earth's surface which includes
all Europe to the Azores, Iceland, and all temperate Asia.
Paled (?), a. [See 5th
Pale.] 1. Striped.
[Obs.] \'bd[Buskins] . . . paled part per
part.\'b8
Spenser.
2. Inclosed with a paling. \'bdA
paled green.\'b8
Spenser.
\'d8Pa`le*\'89ch`i*noi"de*a (?), n.
pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and
Echinoidea.] (Zo\'94l.) An extinct
order of sea urchins found in the Paleozoic rocks. They had more
than twenty vertical rows of plates. Called also
Pal\'91echini. [Written also
Pal\'91echinoidea.]
<-- p. 1032 -->
Pale"face` (?), n. A white
person; -- an appellation supposed to have been applied to the
whites by the American Indians.
J. F. Cooper.
\'d8Pa`le*ich"thy*es (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Paleo-, and Ichthyology.]
(Zo\'94l.) A comprehensive division of fishes
which includes the elasmobranchs and ganoids.
[Written also Pal\'91ichthyes.]
Pale"ly (?), adv. [From
Pale, a.] In a pale manner;
dimly; wanly; not freshly or ruddily.
Thackeray.
Pal`em*pore" (?), n. A superior
kind of dimity made in India, -- used for bed coverings.
[Written also palampore, palampoor,
etc.]
De Colange.
Pale"ness (?), n. The quality
or condition of being pale; want of freshness or ruddiness; a
sickly whiteness; lack of color or luster; wanness.
The blood the virgin's cheek forsook;
A livid paleness spreads o'er all her look.
Pope.
Pa*len"que (?), n. pl.
(Ethnol.) A collective name for the Indians of
Nicaragua and Honduras.
Pa"le*o- (?). [Gr. ,
adj.] A combining form meaning old,
ancient; as, palearctic,
paleontology, paleothere,
paleography. [Written also
pal\'91o-.]
Pa`le*o*bot"a*nist (?), n. One
versed in paleobotany.
Pa`le*o*bot"a*ny (?), n.
[Paleo- + botany.] That
branch of paleontology which treats of fossil plants.
\'d8Pa`le*o*car"ida (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. ancient + ,
, , a kind of crustacean.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Merostomata.
[Written also Pal\'91ocarida.]
\'d8Pa`le*o*cri*noi"de*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Paleo-, and Crinoidea.]
(Zo\'94l.) A suborder of Crinoidea found chiefly
in the Paleozoic rocks.
Pa`le*o*crys"tic (?), a.
[Paleo- + Gr. ice.] Of,
pertaining to, or derived from, a former glacial formation.
Pa`le*o*g\'91"an (?), a.
[Paleo- + Gr. the eart]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Eastern
hemisphere. [Written also
pal\'91og\'91an.]
Pa"le*o*graph (?), n. An
ancient manuscript.
Pa`le*og"ra*pher (?), n. One
skilled in paleography; a paleographist.
{ Pa`le*o*graph"ic (?),
Pa`le*o*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. pal\'82ographique.] Of or
pertaining to paleography.
Pa`le*og"ra*phist (?), n. One
versed in paleography; a paleographer.
Pa`le*og"ra*phy, n. [Paleo- +
-graphy: cf. F. pal\'82ographie.]
1. An ancient manner of writing; ancient writings,
collectively; as, Punic paleography.
2. The study of ancient inscriptions and modes of
writing; the art or science of deciphering ancient writings, and
determining their origin, period, etc., from external characters;
diplomatics.
\'d8Pa*le"o*la (?), n.; pl.
Paleol\'91 (#). [NL., dim. of L.
palea.] (Bot.) A diminutive or
secondary palea; a lodicule.
Pa"le*o*lith (?), n.
[Paleo- + -lith.]
(Geol.) A relic of the Paleolithic era.
Pa`le*o*lith"ic (?), a.
(Geol.) Of or pertaining to an era marked by
early stone implements. The Paleolithic era (as
proposed by Lubbock) includes the earlier half of the \'bdStone
Age;\'b8 the remains belonging to it are for the most part of
extinct animals, with relics of human beings.
Pa`le*ol"ogist (?), n. One
versed in paleology; a student of antiquity.
Pa`le*ol"o*gy (?), n.
[Paleo- + -logy.] The study
or knowledge of antiquities, esp. of prehistoric antiquities; a
discourse or treatise on antiquities; arch\'91ology .
Pa`le*on`to*graph"ic*al (?), a.
Of or pertaining to the description of fossil remains.
Pa`le*on*tog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Paleo- + Gr. -graphy.] The description of fossil
remains.
Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al (?), a.
Of or pertaining to paleontology. --
Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Pa`le*on*tol"o*gist (?), n.
[Cf. F. pal\'82ontologiste.] One
versed in paleontology.
Pa`le*on*tol"o*gy (?), n.
[Paleo- + Gr. -logy. Cf. Ontology.] The science
which treats of the ancient life of the earth, or of fossils
which are the remains of such life.
Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gist (?), n.
A paleobotanist.
Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gy (?), n.
[Paleo- + phytology.]
Paleobotany.
Pa`le*or`ni*thol"o*gy (?), n.
[Paleo- + ornithology.] The
branch of paleontology which treats of fossil birds.
Pa`le*o*sau"rus (?), n.[NL.,
fr. Gr. ancient +
(Paleon.) A genus of fossil saurians found in the
Permian formation.
Pa`le*o*tech"nic (?), a.
[Paleo- + technic.]
Belonging to, or connected with, ancient art. \'bdThe
paleotechnic men of central France.\'b8
D. Wilson.
Pa"le*o*there (?), n. [F.
pal\'82oth\'8are.] (Paleon.) Any
species of Paleotherium.
Pa`le*o*the"ri*an (?), a. [F.
pal\'82oth\'82rien.] (Paleon.)
Of or pertaining to Paleotherium.
\'d8Pa`le*o*the"ri*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Paleon.) An extinct genus of herbivorous
Tertiary mammals, once supposed to have resembled the tapir in
form, but now known to have had a more slender form, with a long
neck like that of a llama. [Written also
Pal\'91otherium.]
Pa`le*o*the"roid (?),
[Paleothere + -oid.]
(Paleon.) Resembling Paleotherium. --
n. An animal resembling, or allied to, the
paleothere.
Pa"le*o*type (?), n. See
Pal\'91otype.
Pa"le*ous (?), a. [L.
palea chaff.] Chaffy; like chaff;
paleaceous. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Pa`le*o*zo"ic (?), a.
[Paleo- + Gr.
(Geol.) Of or pertaining to, or designating, the
older division of geological time during which life is known to
have existed, including the Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous
ages, and also to the life or rocks of those ages. See Chart
of Geology.
Pa`le*o*zo*\'94l"o*gy (?), n.
(Geol.) The Paleozoic time or strata.
Pa`le*o*zo*\'94"o*gy (?), n.
[Paleo- + zo\'94logy.] The
science of extinct animals, a branch of paleontology.
{ Pale"sie (?), Pale"sy },
n. Palsy. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
{ Pal`es*tin"i*an (?),
Pal`es*tin"e*an (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to Palestine.
Pa*les"tra (?), n.; pl. L.
Palestr\'91 (#), E. Palestras
(#). [NL., fr. L. palaestra, Gr.
[Written also
pal\'91stra.] (Antiq.) (a)
A wrestling school; hence, a gymnasium, or place for
athletic exercise in general. (b) A
wrestling; the exercise of wrestling.
{ Pa*les"tri*an (?), Pa*les"tric
(?), Pa*les"tric*al (?), }
a. [L. palaestricus, Gr.
Of or pertaining to the palestra, or to wrestling.
Pal"et (?), n. [See
Palea.] (Bot.) Same as
Palea.
\'d8Pal"e*tot (?), n. [F.
paletot, OF. palletoc, prob. fr. L.
palla (see Palla) + F. toque cap,
and so lit., a frock with a cap or hood; cf. Sp.
paletoque.] (a) An overcoat.
Dickens. (b) A lady's outer garment, -- of
varying fashion.
Pal"ette (?), n. [See
Pallet a thin board.]
1. (Paint.) A thin, oval or square
board, or tablet, with a thumb hole at one end for holding it, on
which a painter lays and mixes his pigments.
[Written also pallet.]
2. (Anc. Armor) One of the plates
covering the points of junction at the bend of the shoulders and
elbows.
Fairholt.
3. (Mech.) A breastplate for a breast
drill.
Palette knife, a knife with a very flexible
steel blade and no cutting edge, rounded at the end, used by
painters to mix colors on the grinding slab or palette. --
To set the palette (Paint.), to lay
upon it the required pigments in a certain order, according to
the intended use of them in a picture.
Fairholt.
Pale"wise` (?), adv.
(Her.) In the manner of a pale or pales; by
perpendicular lines or divisions; as, to divide an escutcheon
palewise.
Pal"frey (?), n. [OE.
palefrai, OF. palefrei, F.
palefroi, LL. palafredus,
parafredus, from L. paraveredus a horse for
extraordinary occasions, an extra post horse; Gr. veredus a post horse.]
1. A saddle horse for the road, or for state
occasions, as distinguished from a war horse.
Chaucer.
2. A small saddle horse for ladies.
Spenser.
Call the host and bid him bring
Charger and palfrey.
Tennyson.
Pal"freyed (?), a. Mounted on a
palfrey.
Tickell.
Pal"grave (?), n. See
Palsgrave.
\'d8Pa"li (?), n.,
pl. of Palus.
Pa"li (?), n. [Ceylonese, fr.
Skr. p\'beli row, line, series, applied to the series
of Buddhist sacred texts.] A dialect descended from
Sanskrit, and like that, a dead language, except when used as the
sacred language of the Buddhist religion in Farther India,
etc.
Pal`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
palus a stake + -ficare (in comp.) to make:
cf. F. palification. See -fy.] The
act or practice of driving piles or posts into the ground to make
it firm. [R.]
Sir H. Wotton.
Pa"li*form (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Resembling a palus; as, the
paliform lobes of the septa in corals.
Pa*lil"o*gy (?), n. [L.
palilogia, Gr.
(Rhet.) The repetition of a word, or part of a
sentence, for the sake of greater emphasis; as, \'bdThe
living, the living, he shall praise
thee.\'b8
Is. xxxviii. 19.
Pal"imp*sest (?), n. [L.
palimpsestus, Gr. palimpseste.] A parchment which has been
written upon twice, the first writing having been erased to make
place for the second.
Longfellow.
Pal"in*drome (?), n. [Gr. palindrome.] A word, verse, or sentence,
that is the same when read backward or forward; as,
madam; Hannah; or Lewd did I live, &
evil I did dwel.
{ Pal`in*drom"ic (?),
Pal`in*drom"ic*al (?), } a.
Of, pertaining to, or like, a palindrome.
Pa*lin"dro*mist (?), n. A
writer of palindromes.
Pal"ing (?), n. 1.
Pales, in general; a fence formed with pales or pickets; a
limit; an inclosure.
They moved within the paling of order and
decorum.
De Quincey.
2. The act of placing pales or stripes on cloth;
also, the stripes themselves. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Paling board, one of the slabs sawed from the
sides of a log to fit it to be sawed into boards.
[Eng.]
\'d8Pal`in*ge*ne"si*a (?),
n.[NL.] See
Palingenesis.
{ Pal`in*gen"e*sis (?),
Pal`in*gen"e*sy (?), } n.
[Gr. paling\'82n\'82sie. See Genesis.]
1. A new birth; a re-creation; a regeneration; a
continued existence in different manner or form.
2. (Biol.) That form of evolution in
which the truly ancestral characters conserved by heredity are
reproduced in development; original simple descent; --
distinguished from kenogenesis. Sometimes, in
zo\'94logy, the abrupt metamorphosis of insects, crustaceans,
etc.
Pal`in*ge*net"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to palingenesis: as, a palingenetic
process. -- Pal`in*ge*net"ic*al*ly
(#), adv.
Pal"i*node (?), n. [L.
palinodia, from Gr. Ode.] 1. An ode recanting, or
retracting, a former one; also, a repetition of an ode.
2. A retraction; esp., a formal retraction.
Sandys.
Pal`i*no"di*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a palinode, or retraction.
J. Q. Adams.
Pal"i*no*dy (?), n. See
Palinode. [Obs.]
Wood.
Pal`inu"rus (?), n. [So called
from L. Palinurus, the pilot of \'92neas.]
(Naut.) An instrument for obtaining directly,
without calculation, the true bearing of the sun, and thence the
variation of the compass
Pal`i*sade" (?), n. [F.
palissade, cf. Sp. palizada, It.
palizzata, palizzo, LL.
palissata; all fr. L. palus a stake, pale.
See Pale a stake.] 1. (Fort.)
A strong, long stake, one end of which is set firmly in the
ground, and the other is sharpened; also, a fence formed of such
stakes set in the ground as a means of defense.
2. Any fence made of pales or sharp stakes.
Palisade cells (Bot.), vertically
elongated parenchyma cells, such as are seen beneath the
epidermis of the upper surface of many leaves. --
Palisade worm (Zo\'94l.), a nematoid
worm (Strongylus armatus), parasitic in the blood
vessels of the horse, in which it produces aneurisms, often
fatal.
Pal`i*sade", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Palisaded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Palisading.] [Cf. F.
palissader.] To surround, inclose, or
fortify, with palisades.
Pal`i*sad"ing (?), n. Fort.) A
row of palisades set in the ground.
Pal`i*sa*"do (?), n.; pl.
Palisadoes (. A
palisade. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pal`i*sa"do, v. t. To palisade.
[Obs.]
Sterne.
Pal"ish (?), a. Somewhat pale
or wan.
Pal`is*san"der (?), n. [F.
palissandre.] (Bot.) (a)
Violet wood. (b) Rosewood.
Pal"is*sy (?), a. Designating,
or of the nature of, a kind of pottery made by Bernard
Palissy, in France, in the 16th centry.
Palissy ware, glazed pottery like that made by
Bernard Palissy; especially, that having figures of fishes,
reptiles, etc., in high relief.
\'d8Pal"kee (?), n. [Hind.
p\'belk\'c6; of the same origin as E.
palanquin.] A palanquin.
Malcom.
Pall (?), n. Same as
Pawl.
Pall, n. [OE. pal, AS.
p\'91l, from L. pallium cover, cloak,
mantle, pall; cf. L. palla robe, mantle.]
1. An outer garment; a cloak mantle.
His lion's skin changed to a pall of gold.
Spenser.
2. A kind of rich stuff used for garments in the
Middle Ages. [Obs.]
Wyclif (Esther viii. 15).
3. (R. C. Ch.) Same as
Pallium.
About this time Pope Gregory sent two archbishop's
palls into England, -- the one for London, the other
for York.
Fuller.
4. (Her.) A figure resembling the Roman
Catholic pallium, or pall, and having the form of the letter
Y.
5. A large cloth, esp., a heavy black cloth, thrown
over a coffin at a funeral; sometimes, also, over a tomb.
Warriors carry the warrior's pall.
Tennyson.
6. (Eccl.) A piece of cardboard, covered
with linen and embroidered on one side; -- used to put over the
chalice.
Pall, v. t. To cloak.
[R.]
Shak
Pall, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Palled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Palling.] [Either shortened fr.
appall, or fr. F. p\'83lir to grow pale.
Cf. Appall, Pale, a.] To
become vapid, tasteless, dull, or insipid; to lose strength,
life, spirit, or taste; as, the liquor
palls.
Beauty soon grows familiar to the lover,
Fades in the eye, and palls upon the sense.
Addisin.
Pall, v. t. 1. To make vapid or
insipid; to make lifeless or spiritless; to dull; to
weaken.
Chaucer.
Reason and reflection . . . pall all his
enjoyments.
Atterbury.
2. To satiate; to cloy; as, to pall
the appetite.
Pall, n. Nausea.
[Obs.]
Shaftesbury.
\'d8Pal"la (?), n. [L. See
Pall a cloak.] (Rom. Antuq.) An
oblong rectangular piece of cloth, worn by Roman ladies, and
fastened with brooches.
Pal*la"di*an (?), a.
(Arch.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a
variety of the revived classic style of architecture, founded on
the works of Andrea Palladio, an Italian architect of
the 16th century.
Pal*la"dic (?), a.
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from,
palladium; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in
which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with
palladious compounds.
Pal*la"di*ous (?), a.
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing,
palladium; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in
which palladium has a lower valence as compared with
palladic compounds.
Pal*la"di*um (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr.
1. (Gr. Antiq.) Any statue of the
goddess Pallas; esp., the famous statue on the preservation of
which depended the safety of ancient Troy.
2. Hence: That which affords effectual protection
or security; a sateguard; as, the trial by jury is the
palladium of our civil rights.
Blackstone.
Pal*la"di*um, n. [NL.]
(Chem.) A rare metallic element of the light
platinum group, found native, and also alloyed with platinum and
gold. It is a silver-white metal resembling platinum, and like it
permanent and untarnished in the air, but is more easily fusible.
It is unique in its power of occluding hydrogen, which it does to
the extent of nearly a thousand volumes, forming the alloy
Pd2H. It is used for graduated circles and
verniers, for plating certain silver goods, and somewhat in
dentistry. It was so named in 1804 by Wollaston from the asteroid
Pallas, which was discovered in 1802. Symbol Pd.
Atomic weight, 106.2.
<-- p. 1033 -->
Pala"di*um*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Palladiumized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palladiumizing
(?).] To cover or coat with
palladium. [R.]
Pal"lah (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A large South African antelope
(\'92pyceros melampus). The male has long lyrate and
annulated horns. The general color is bay, with a black crescent
on the croup. Called also roodebok.
Pal"las (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
(Gr. Myth.) Pallas Athene, the
Grecian goddess of wisdom, called also Athene,
and identified, at a later period, with the Roman
Minerva.<-- usu. spelled Athena -->
Pall"bear*er (?), n. One of
those who attend the coffin at a funeral; -- so called from the
pall being formerly carried by them.
Pal"let (?), n. [OE.
paillet, F. paillet a heap of straw, fr.
paille straw, fr. L. palea chaff; cf. Gr.
pala straw,
pal\'beva chaff. Cf. Paillasse.] A
small and mean bed; a bed of straw.
Milton.
Pa"let, n. [Dim. of pale. See
Pale a stake.] (Her.) A
perpendicular band upon an escutcheon, one half the breadth of
the pale.
Pal"let, n. [F. palette: af.
It. paletta; prop. and orig., a fire shovel, dim. of
L. pala a shovel, spade. See Peel a
shovel.] 1. (Paint.) Same as
Palette.
2. (Pettery) (a) A wooden
implement used by potters, crucible makers, etc., for forming,
beating, and rounding their works. It is oval, round, and of
other forms. (b) A potter's wheel.
3. (Gilding) (a) An instrument
used to take up gold leaf from the pillow, and to apply it.
(b) A tool for gilding the backs of books over the
bands.
4. (Brickmaking) A board on which a
newly molded brick is conveyed to the hack.
Knight.
5. (Mach.) (a) A click or pawl
for driving a ratchet wheel. (b) One of the
series of disks or pistons in the chain pump.
Knight.
6. (Horology) One of the pieces or
levers connected with the pendulum of a clock, or the balance of
a watch, which receive the immediate impulse of the scape-wheel,
or balance wheel.
Brande & C.
7. (Mus.) In the organ, a valve between
the wind chest and the mouth of a pipe or row of pipes.
8. (Zo\'94l.) One of a pair of shelly
plates that protect the siphon tubes of certain bivalves, as the
Teredo. See Illust. of Teredo.
9. A cup containing three ounces, --
Pal"li*al (?), a. [L.
pallium a mantle. See Pall.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pretaining to a mantle,
especially to the mantle of mollusks; produced by the mantle;
as, the pallial line, or impression, which marks the
attachment of the mantle on the inner surface of a bivalve
shell. See Illust. of Bivalve.
Pallial chamber (Zo\'94l.), the
cavity inclosed by the mantle. -- Pallial sinus
(Zo\'94l.), an inward bending of the pallial line,
near the posterior end of certain bivalve shells, to receive the
siphon. See Illust. of Bivalve.
Pal"li*a*ment (?), n. [LL.
palliare to clothe, fr. L. pallium a
manltle. See Pall the garment.] A dress; a
robe. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pal"liard (?), n. [F.
paillard, orig., one addicted to the couch, fr.
paille straw. See Pallet a small bed.]
1. A born beggar; a vagabond.
[Obs.]
Halliwell.
2. A lecher; a lewd person.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
Pal*liasse" (?), n. See
Paillasse.
Pal"li*ate (?), a. [L.
palliatus, fr. pallium a cloak. See
Pall the garment.] 1. Covered with a
mant [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
2. Eased; mitigated; alleviated.
[Obs.]
Bp. Fell.
Pal"li*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p.
Palliated(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Palliating(?).] 1. To
cover with a mantle or cloak; to cover up; to hide.
[Obs.]
Being palliated with a pilgrim's coat.
Sir T. Herbert.
2. To cover with excuses; to conceal the enormity
of, by excuses and apologies; to extenuate; as, to
palliate faults.
They never hide or palliate their vices.
Swift.
3. To reduce in violence; to lessen or abate; to
mitigate; to ease withhout curing; as, to palliate a
disease.
To palliate dullness, and give time a shove.
Cowper.
Syn. -- To cover; cloak; hide; extenuate; conceal.
-- To Palliate, Extenuate,
Cloak. These words, as here compared, are used in a
figurative sense in reference to our treatment of wrong action.
We cloak in order to conceal completely. We
extenuate a crime when we endeavor to show that it is
less than has been supposed; we palliate a
crime when we endeavor to cover or conceal
its enormity, at least in part. This naturally leads us to
soften some of its features, and thus palliate
approaches extenuate till they have become nearly or
quite identical. \'bdTo palliate is not now used,
though it once was, in the sense of wholly cloaking or covering
over, as it might be, our sins, but in that of
extenuating; to palliate our faults is not
to hide them altogether, but to seek to diminish their guilt in
part.\'b8
Trench.
Pal`li*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
palliation.] 1. The act of
palliating, or state of being palliated; extenuation; excuse;
as, the palliation of faults, offenses,
vices.
2. Mitigation; alleviation, as of a disease.
Bacon.
3. That which cloaks or covers; disguise; also, the
state of being covered or disguised. [Obs.]
Pal"li*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
palliatif.] Serving to palliate; serving to
extenuate or mitigate.
Pal"li*a*tive (?), n. That
which palliates; a palliative agent.
Sir W. Scott.
Pal"li*a*to*ry (?), a.
Palliative; extenuating.
Pal"lid (?), a. [L.
pallidus, fr. pallere to be or look pale.
See pale, a.] Deficient in color;
pale; wan; as, a pallid countenance; pallid
blue.
Spenser.
Pal*lid"i*ty (?), n.
Pallidness; paleness.
Pal"lid*ly (?), adv. In a
pallid manner.
Pal"lid*ness, n. The quality or state of
being pallid; paleness; pallor; wanness.
\'d8Pal`li*o*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n.
pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Brachiopoda.
Pal`li*o*bran"chi*ate (?), a.
[See Pallium, and Branchia.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the pallium, or mantle, acting
as a gill, as in brachiopods.
\'d8Pal"li*um (?), n.; pl. L.
Pallia(Palliums
(#). [L. See Pall the
garment.] 1. (Anc. Costume) A
large, square, woolen cloak which enveloped the whole person,
worn by the Greeks and by certain Romans. It is the Roman name of
a Greek garment.
2. (R.C.Ch.) A band of white wool, worn
on the shoulders, with four purple crosses worked on it; a
pall.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The mantle of
a bivalve. See Mantle. (b) The
mantle of a bird.
Pall`-mall" (?), n. [OF.
palemail, It. pallamagio; palla
a ball (of German origin, akin to E. ball) +
magio hammer, fr. L. malleus. See lst
Ball, and Mall a beetle.] A game
formerly common in England, in which a wooden ball was driven
with a mallet through an elevated hoop or ring of iron. The name
was also given to the mallet used, to the place where the game
was played, and to the street, in London, still called Pall
Mall. [Written also pail-mail and
pell-mell.]
Sir K. Digby. Evelyn.
Pal*lo"ne (?), n. [It., a large
ball, fr. palla ball. See Balloon.]
An Italian game, played with a large leather ball.
Pal"lor (?), n. [L., fr.
pallere to be or look pale. See Pale,
a.] Paleness; want of color; pallidity;
as, pallor of the complexion.
Jer. Taylor.
Palm (?), n. [OE.
paume, F. paume, L. palma, Gr.
p\'beni hand, and E.
fumble. See Fumble, Feel, and cf. 2d
Palm.] 1. (Anat.) The
inner and somewhat concave part of the hand between the bases of
the fingers and the wrist.
Clench'd her fingers till they bit the palm.
Tennyson.
2. A lineal measure equal either to the breadth of
the hand or to its length from the wrist to the ends of the
fingers; a hand; -- used in measuring a horse's height.
Internat. Cyc.
3. (Sailmaking) A metallic disk,
attached to a strap, and worn the palm of the hand, -- used to
push the needle through the canvas, in sewing sails, etc.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The broad flattened part
of an antler, as of a full-grown fallow deer; -- so called as
resembling the palm of the hand with its protruding
fingers.
5. (Naut.) The flat inner face of an
anchor fluke.
Palm, n. [AS. palm, L.
palma; -- so named fr. the leaf resembling a hand. See
lst Palm, and cf. Pam.]
1. (Bot.) Any endogenous tree of the
order Palm\'91 or Palmace\'91; a palm
tree.
2. A branch or leaf of the palm, anciently borne or
worn as a symbol of victory or rejoicing.
A great multitude . . . stood before the throne, and before
the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palme in their
hands.
Rev. vii. 9.
3. Hence: Any symbol or token of superiority,
success, or triumph; also, victory; triumph; supremacy.
\'bdThe palm of martyrdom.\'b8
Chaucer.
So get the start of the majestic world
And bear the palm alone.
Shak.
Molucca palm (Bot.), a labiate herb
from Asia (Molucella l\'91vis), having a curious
cup-shaped calyx. -- Palm cabbage, the
terminal bud of a cabbage palm, used as food. -- Palm
cat (Zo\'94l.), the common paradoxure.
-- Palm crab (Zo\'94l.), the purse
crab. -- Palm oil, a vegetable oil, obtained
from the fruit of several species of palms, as the African oil
palm (El\'91is Guineensis), and used in the
manufacture of soap and candles. See El\'91is. --
Palm swift (Zo\'94l.), a small swift
(Cypselus Btassiensis) which frequents the palmyra and
cocoanut palms in India. Its peculiar nest is attached to the
leaf of the palmyra palm. -- Palm toddy. Same
as Palm wine. -- Palm weevil
(Zo\'94l.), any one of mumerous species of very
large weevils of the genus Rhynchophorus. The larv\'91
bore into palm trees, and are called palm
borers, and grugru worms. They are
considered excellent food. -- Palm wine, the
sap of several species of palms, especially, in India, of the
wild date palm (Ph\'d2nix sylvestrix), the palmyra,
and the Caryota urens. When fermented it yields by
distillation arrack, and by evaporation jaggery. Called also
palm toddy. -- Palm
worm, Palmworm.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The larva of a palm
weevil. (b) A centipede.
Palm (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Palmed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Palming.]
1. To handle. [Obs.]
Prior.
2. To manipulate with, or conceal in, the palm of
the hand; to juggle.
They palmed the trick that lost the game.
Prior.
3. To impose by frand, as by sleight of hand; to
put by unfair means; -- usually with off.
For you may palm upon us new for old.
Dryden.
Pal*ma"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to palms; of the nature
of, or resembling, palms.
\'d8Pal"ma Chris"ti (?). [L., palm of
Christ.] (Bot.) A plant (Ricinus
communis) with ornamental peltate and palmately cleft
foliage, growing as a woody perennial in the tropics, and
cultivated as an herbaceous annual in temperate regions; --
called also castor-oil plant.
[Sometimes corrupted into palmcrist.]
Pal"ma*cite (?), n.
(Paleon.) A fossil palm.
Pal"mar (?), a. [L.
palmaris, fr. palma the palm of the hand:
cf. F. palmaire.] 1. (Anat.)
Pertaining to, or corresponding with, the palm of the
hand.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
under side of the wings of birds.
\'d8Pal*ma"ri*um (?), n.; pl.
Palmaria (#). [NL. See
Palmar.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the
bifurcations of the brachial plates of a crinoid.
Pal"ma*ry (?), a. (Anat.)
Palmar.
Pal"ma*ry, a. [L. palmarius,
palmaris, belonging to palms, deserving the palm or
prize, fr. palma a palm.] Worthy of the
palm; palmy; pre\'89minent; superior; principal; chief; as,
palmary work.
Br. Horne.
Pal"mate (?), n.(Chem.) A salt
of palmic acid; a ricinoleate. [Obsoles.]
{ Pal"mate (?), Pal"ma*ted
(?), } a. [L. palmatus
marked with the palm of a hand, from palma the palm of
the hand.]
1. Having the shape of the hand; resembling a hand
with the fingers spread.
2. (Bot.) Spreading from the apex of a
petiole, as the divisions of a leaf, or leaflets, so as to
resemble the hand with outspread fingers.
Gray.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Having the
anterior toes united by a web, as in most swimming birds;
webbed. See Illust. (i) under
Aves. (b) Having the distal portion broad,
flat, and more or less divided into lobes; -- said of certain
corals, antlers, etc.
Pal"mate*ly (?), adv. In a
palmate manner.
Pal*mat"i*fid (?), a. [L.
palmatus palmate + root of findere to
split.] (Bot.) Palmate, with the divisions
separated but little more than halfway to the common
center.
Pal*mat"i*lobed (?), a. [L.
palmatus palmate + E. lobed.]
(Bot.) Palmate, with the divisions separated less
than halfway to the common center.
{ Pal*mat"i*sect (?),
Pal*mat`i*sect"ed (?), } a.
[L. palmatus palmate + secare to
cut.] (Bot.) Divided, as a palmate leaf,
down to the midrib, so that the parenchyma is interrupted.
Palm"crist (?), n. The palma
Christi. (Jonah iv. 6, margin, and Douay version,
note.)
Palmed (?), a. Having or
bearing a palm or palms.
Paimed deer (Zo\'94l.), a stag of
full growth, bearing palms. See lst Palm, 4.
Palm"er (?), n. [From
Palm, v. t.] One who palms or
cheats, as at cards or dice.
Palm"er, n.[From Palm the
tree.] A wandering religious votary; especially, one
who bore a branch of palm as a token that he had visited the Holy
Land and its sacred places.
Chaucer.
Pilgrims and palmers plighted them together.
P. Plowman.
The pilgrim had some home or dwelling place, the
palmer had none. The pilgrim traveled to some certain,
designed place or places, but the palmer to all.
T. Staveley.
Palm"er*worm` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Any hairy caterpillar
which appears in great numbers, devouring herbage, and wandering
about like a palmer. The name is applied also to other voracious
insects. Joel. i. 4. (b) In America,
the larva of any one of several moths, which destroys the foliage
of fruit and forest trees, esp. the larva of Ypsolophus
pometellus, which sometimes appears in vast numbers.
Pal*mette" (?), n. [F., dim. of
palme a palm.] A floral ornament, common in
Greek and other ancient architecture; -- often called
the honeysuckle ornament.
Pal*met"to (?), n. [Dim. of
palm the tree: cf. Sp. palmito.]
(Bot.) A name given to palms of several genera
and species growing in the West Indies and the Southern United
States. In the United States, the name is applied especially to
the Cham\'91rops, , the cabbage
tree of Florida and the Carolinas. See Cabbage tree,
under Cabbage.
<-- p. 1034 -->
Royal palmetto, the West Indian Sabal
umbraculifera, the trunk of which, when hollowed, is used
for water pipes, etc. The leaves are used for thatching, and for
making hats, ropes, etc. -- Saw palmetto,
Sabal serrulata, a native of Georgia, South
Carolina, and Florida. The nearly impassable jungle which it
forms is called palmetto scrub.
Pal"mic (?), a. [Cf. F.
palmique.] (Chem.) Of,
pertaining to, or derived from, the castor-oil plant
(Ricinus communis, or Palma Christi); --
formerly used to designate an acid now called ricinoleic
acid. [Obsoles.]
\'d8Pal`mi*dac"ty*les (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Palm, and Dactyl.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of wading birds having the
toes webbed, as the avocet.
Pal*mif"er*ous (?), a.[L.
palmifer; palma a palm + ferre
to bear: cf. F. palmif\'8are.] Bearing
palms.
Pal"mi*grade (?), a. [L.
palma palm of the hand + gradi to
walk.] (Zo\'94l.) Putting the whole foot
upon the ground in walking, as some mammals.
Pal"min (?), n. [From
palma Christi: cf. F. palmine.]
(Chem.) (a) A white waxy or fatty
substance obtained from castor oil. (b)
Ricinolein. [Obs.]
Pal"mi*ped (?), a.[L.
palmipes, -edis, broad-footed;
palma the palm of the hand + pes a foot;
cf. F. palmip\'8ade.] (Zo\'94l.)
Web-footed, as a water fowl. -- n.
A swimming bird; a bird having webbed feet.
\'d8Pal*mip"e*des (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Natatores.
Pal"mis*ter (?), n. [From
Palm of the hand.] One who practices
palmistry
Bp. Hall.
Pal`mis*try (?), n.[See
Palmister.] 1. The art or practice
of divining or telling fortunes, or of judging of character, by
the lines and marks in the palm of the hand; chiromancy.
Ascham. Cowper.
2. A dexterous use or trick of the hand.
Addison.
Pal"mi*tate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of palmitic acid.
Pal"mite (?), n. [From
Palm.] (Bot.) A South African
plant (Prionium Palmita) of the Rush family, having
long serrated leaves. The stems have been used for making
brushes.
Pal*mit"ic (?), a. (Physiol.
Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, palmitin or
palm oil; as, palmitic acid, a white crystalline
body belonging to the fatty acid series. It is readily
soluble in hot alcohol, and melts to a liquid oil at 62
Pal"mi*tin (?), n. [So called
because abundant in palm oil.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A solid crystallizable fat, found abundantly in
animals and in vegetables. It occurs mixed with stearin and olein
in the fat of animal tissues, with olein and butyrin in butter,
with olein in olive oil, etc. Chemically, it is a glyceride of
palmitic acid, three molecules of palmitic acid being united to
one molecule of glyceryl, and hence it is technically called
tripalmitin, or glyceryl
tripalmitate.
Pal`mi*tol"ic (?), a.
[Palmitic + -oleic +
ic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, an artificial acid of the oleic acid series,
isomeric with linoleic acid.
Pal"mi*tone (?), n.
(Chem.) The ketone of palmitic acid.
Palm" Sun`day (?). (Eccl.) The
Sunday next before Easter; -- so called in commemoration of our
Savior's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, when the multitude
strewed palm branches in the way.
Palm"y (?), a. 1.
Bearing palms; abounding in palms; derived from palms;
as, a palmy shore.
Pope.
His golden sands and palmy wine.
Goldsmith.
2. Worthy of the palm; flourishing;
prosperous.
In the most high and palmy state of Rome.
Shak.
Pal*my"ra (?), n. (Bot.)
A species of palm (Borassus flabelliformis)
having a straight, black, upright trunk, with palmate leaves. It
is found native along the entire northern shores of the Indian
Ocean, from the mouth of the Tigris to New Guinea. More than
eight hundred uses to which it is put are enumerated by native
writers. Its wood is largely used for building purposes; its
fruit and roots serve for food, its sap for making toddy, and its
leaves for thatching huts.
Pa*lo"la (?), n. [Fr. the
native name.] (Zo\'94l.) An annelid
(Palola viridis) which, at certain seasons of the
year, swarms at the surface of the sea about some of the Pcific
Islands, where it is collected for food.
\'d8Pal`lo*me"ta (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A pompano.
Palp (?), n. [Cf. F.
palpe. See Palpable.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Palpus.
Palp, v. t. [L. palpare: cf.
F. palper.] To have a distinct touch or
feeling of; to feel. [Obs.]
To bring a palp\'8ad darkness o'er the earth.
Heywood.
Pal`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being palpable, or perceptible by the touch.
Arbuthnot.
Pal"pa*ble (?), a. [F.
palpable, L. palpabilis, fr.
palpare to feel, stroke; cf. palpus the
soft palm of the hand.] 1. Capable of being
touched and felt; perceptible by the touch; as, a
palpable form.
Shak.
Darkness must overshadow all his bounds,
Palpable darkness.
Milton.
2. Easily perceptible; plain; distinct; obvious;
readily perceived and detected; gross; as, palpable
imposture; palpable absurdity; palpable
errors. \'bdThree persons palpable.\'b8
P. Plowman.
[Lies] gross as a mountain, open, palpable.
Shak.
-- Pal"pa*ble*ness, n. --
Pal"pa*bly, adv.
Pal*pa"tion (?), n. [L.
palpatio, fr. palpare. See
Palpable.] 1. Act of touching or
feeling.
2. (Med.) Examination of a patient by
touch.
Quain.
\'d8Pal*pa"tor (?), n. [L., a
stroker.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a family of
clavicorn beetles, including those which have very long maxillary
palpi.
\'d8Pal"pe*bra (?), n.; pl.
Palpebr\'91 (#). [L.]
(Zo\'94l.) The eyelid.
Pal"pe*bral (?), a. [L.
palpebralis, fr. palpebra: cf. F.
palp\'82bral.] Of or pertaining to the
eyelids.
Pal"pr*brate (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having eyelids.
Palped (?), a. (Zo\'94l.)
Having a palpus.
\'d8Pal"pi (?), n.,
pl. of Palpus. (Zo\'94l.) See
Palpus.
Pal"pi*corn (?), n. [See
Palpus, and Cornu.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of a group of aquatic beetles (Palpicornia)
having short club-shaped antenn\'91, and long maxillary
palpi.
Pal"pi*fer (?), n.
[Palpus + L. ferre to bear.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Palpiger.
Pal"pi*form (?), a.
[Palpus + -form: cf. F.
palpiforme.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
the form of a palpus.
Pal"pi*ger (?), n. [See
Palpigerous.] (Zo\'94l.) That
portion of the labium which bears the palpi in insects.
Pal*pig"er*ous (?), a.
[Palpus + -gerous.]
(Zo\'94l.) Bearing a palpus.
Kirby.
Pal"pi*tant (?), a. [L.
palpitans, p. pr.] Palpitating; throbbing;
trembling.
Carlyle.
Pal"pi*tate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Palpitated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Palpitating(?).] [L.
palpitare, palpitatum, v. intens. fr.
pappare. See Palpable.] To beat
rapidly and more strongly than usual; to throb; to bound with
emotion or exertion; to pulsate violently; to flutter; -- said
specifically of the heart when its action is abnormal, as from
excitement.
Pal`pi*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
palpitatio: cf. F. palpitation.]
A rapid pulsation; a throbbing; esp., an abnormal, rapid
beating of the heart as when excited by violent exertion, strong
emotion, or by disease.
Palp"less (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Without a palpus.
Pal"po*cil (?), n. [See
Palpus, and Cilium.]
(Zo\'94l.) A minute soft filamentary process
springing from the surface of certain hydroids and sponges.
\'d8Pal"pus (?), n.; pl.
Palpi (#). [NL. See
Palp.] (Zo\'94l.) A feeler;
especially, one of the jointed sense organs attached to the mouth
organs of insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and annelids; as,
the mandibular palpi, maxillary palpi, and
labial palpi. The palpi of male spiders serve as
sexual organs. Called also palp. See
Illust. of Arthrogastra and
Orthoptera.
Pals"grave` (?), n. [D.
paltsgraaf; palts palace (l.
palatium) + graaf count; cf. G.
pfalzgraf. See Palace, and
Landgrave.] (Ger. Hist.) A count
or earl who presided in the domestic court, and had the
superintendence, of a royal household in Germany.
Pals"gra*vine` (?), n.[D.
paltsgravin: cf. G. pfalzgrafin.]
The consort or widow of a palsgrave.
Pal"si*cal (?), a.[From
Palsy.] Affected with palsy; palsied;
paralytic. [R.]
Johnson.
Pal"sied (?), a. Affected with
palsy; paralyzed.
Pal"stave` (?), n. [Dan.
paalstav.] A peculiar bronze adz, used in
prehistoric Europe about the middle of the bronze age.
Dawkins.
Pal"ster (?), n. [D.
palsterstaf.] A pilgrim's staff.
[Obs.]
Halliwell.
Pal"sy (?), n.; pl.
Palsies (#). [OE.
palesie, parlesy, OF. paralesie,
F. paralysie, L. paralysis. See
Paralysis.] (Med.) Paralysis,
complete or partial. See Paralysis. \'bdOne sick
of the palsy.\'b8
Mark ii. 3.
Bell's palsy, paralysis of the facial nerve,
producing distortion of one side of the face; -- so called from
Sir Charles Bell, an English surgeon who described
it. -- Scrivener's palsy. See Writer's
cramp, under Writer. -- Shaking
palsy, paralysis agitans, a disease usually
occurring in old people, characterized by muscular tremors and a
peculiar shaking and tottering gait.
Pal"sy, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Palsied (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Palsying.] To affect with
palsy, or as with palsy; to deprive of action or energy; to
paralyze.
Pal"sy*wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) The cowslip (Primula veris); --
so called from its supposed remedial powers.
Dr. Prior.
Pal"ter (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Paltered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paltering.] [See
Paltry.] 1. To haggle.
[Obs.]
Cotgrave.
2. To act in insincere or deceitful manner; to play
false; to equivocate; to shift; to dodge; to trifle.
Romans, that have spoke the word,
And will not palter.
Shak.
Who never sold the truth to serve the hour,
Nor paltered with eternal God for power.
Tennyson.
3. To babble; to chatter. [Obs.]
Pal"ter, v. t. To trifle with; to waste;
to squander in paltry ways or on worthless things.
[Obs.] \'bdPalter out your time in the
penal statutes.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
Pal"ter*er (?), n. One who
palters.
Johnson.
Pal"ter*ly, a. & adv. Paltry; shabby;
shabbily; paltrily. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
\'bdIn palterly clothes.\'b8
Pepys.
Pal"tock (?), n. [See
Paletot.] A kind of doublet; a jacket.
[Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
Pal"tri*ly (?), adv. In a
paltry manner.
Pal"tri*ness, n. The state or quality of
being paltry.
Pal"try (?), a.
[Compar. Paltrier (;
superl. Paltriest.] [Cf.
Prov. E. paltry refuse, rubbish, LG.
paltering ragged, palte, palter,
a rag, a tatter, Dan. pialt, Sw. palta, pl.
paltor.] Mean; vile; worthless; despicable;
contemptible; pitiful; trifling; as, a paltry
excuse; paltry gold.
Cowper.
The paltry prize is hardly worth the cost.
Byron.
Syn. -- See Contemptible.
Pa*lu"dal (?), a. [L.
palus, -udis, a marsh.] Of or
pertaining to marshes or fens; marshy. [R.]
Paludal fever, malarial fever; -- so called
because generated in marshy districts.
Pa*lu"da*ment (?), n. See
Paludamentum.
\'d8Pa*lu`da*men*tum (?), n.;
pl. Paladumenta ( (Rom.
Antiq.) A military cloak worn by a general and his
principal officers.
\'d8Pal`u*dic"o*l\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. palus, -udis, a marsh +
colere to inhabit.] (Zo\'94l.) A
division of birds, including the cranes, rails, etc.
Pa*lu"di*cole (?), a. [Cf. F.
paludicole.] (Zo\'94l.)
Marsh-inhabiting; belonging to the Paludicol\'91
\'d8Pal`u*di"na (?), n.; pl. L.
Paludin\'91 (#), E. Paludinas
(#). [NL., fr. L. palus,
-udis, a marsh, pool.] (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of numerous species of freshwater pectinibranchiate
mollusks, belonging to Paludina, Melantho,
and allied genera. They have an operculated shell which is
usually green, often with brown bands. See Illust. of
Pond snail, under Pond.
Pal`u*di"nal (?), a. Inhabiting
ponds or swamps.
Pal"u*dine (?), a. [L.
palus, -udis, a marsh.] Of or
pertaining to a marsh.
Buckland.
Pa*lu"di*nous (?), a. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Paludinal. (b)
Like or pertaining to the genus Paludina.
2. Of or pertaining to a marsh or fen.
[R.]
Pa*lu"dism (?), n. (Med.)
The morbid phenomena produced by dwelling among marshes;
malarial disease or disposition.
Pal"u*dose` (?), a.[L.
paludosus marshy.] Growing or living in
marshy places; marshy.
Pal"ule (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Palulus or
Palus.
\'d8Pal"u*lus (?), n.; pl.
Paluli (#). [NL., dim. of L.
palus a stake.] (Zo\'94l.) Same
as Palus.
\'d8Pa"lus (?), n.; pl.
Pali (#). [L., a stake.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of several upright slender
calcareous processes which surround the central part of the
calicle of certain corals.
Pa*lus"tral (?), a. [L.
paluster, -ustris.] Of or
pertaining to a bog or marsh; boggy. [R.]
Pa*lus"trine (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or living in, a marsh or swamp; marshy.
Pal"y (?), a. [From
Pale, a.] Pale; wanting color;
dim. [Poetic]
Shak. Whittier.
Pal"y, a. [Cf. F. pal\'82.
See Pale a stake.] (Her.) Divided
into four or more equal parts by perpendicular lines, and of two
different tinctures disposed alternately.
Pam (?), n. [From Palm
victory; cf. trump, fr. triumph.]
The knave of clubs. [Obs.]
Pope.
Pa"ment (?), n. A
pavement. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Pam"pa*no (?), n.
[Sp.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Pompano.
Pam"pas (?), n. pl. [Sp., fr.
Peruv. pampa a field, plain.] Vast plains
in the central and southern part of the Argentine Republic in
South America. The term is sometimes used in a wider sense for
the plains extending from Bolivia to Southern Patagonia.
Pampas cat (Zo\'94l.), a South
American wild cat (Felis pajeros). It has oblique
transverse bands of yellow or brown. It is about three and a half
feet long. Called also straw cat. --
Pampas deer (Zo\'94l.), a small,
reddish-brown, South American deer (Cervus, ). -- Pampas grass
(Bot.), a very tall ornamental grass
(Gynerium argenteum) with a silvery-white silky
panicle. It is a native of the pampas of South America.
Pam"per (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pampered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pampering.] [Cf. LG. pampen,
slampampen, to live luxuriously, pampe
thick pap, and E. pap.]
1. To feed to the full; to feed luxuriously; to
glut; as, to pamper the body or the
appetite. \'bdA body . . . pampered for
corruption.\'b8
Dr. T. Dwight.
2. To gratify inordinately; to indulge to excess;
as, to pamper pride; to pamper the
imagination.
South.
Pam"pered (?), a. Fed
luxuriously; indulged to the full; hence, luxuriant.
\'bdPampered boughs.\'b8 Milton.
\'bdPampered insolence.\'b8 Pope. --
Pam"pered*ness, n.
Bp. Hall.
Pam"per*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, pampers.
Cowper.
Pam"per*ize (?), v. t. To
pamper. [R.]
Sydney Smith.
\'d8Pam*pe"ro (?), n.[Sp., fr.
pampa a plain.] A violent wind from the
west or southwest, which sweeps over the pampas of South America
and the adjacent seas, often doing great damage.
Sir W. Parish.
Pam*pe"ros (?), n. pl.; sing.
Pampero (. [Sp.
American.] (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians
inhabiting the pampas of South America.
Pam"phlet (?), n. [OE.
pamflet, pamfilet, paunflet,
possibly fr. OF. palme the palm of the hand, F.
paume (see Palm) + OF. fueillet a
leaf, dim. of fueil, m., F. feuille, f.,
fr. L. folium, pl. folia, thus meaning, a
leaf to be held in the hand; or perh. through old French, fr. L.
Pamphila, a female historian of the first century who
wrote many epitomes; prob., however, fr. OF.
Pamflette, the Old French name given to
Pamphilus, a poem in Latin verse of the 12th century,
pamphlets being named from the popularity of this poem.]
1. A writing; a book.
Testament of love.
Sir Thomas More in his pamphlet of Richard the
Third.
Ascham.
2. A small book consisting of a few sheets of
printed paper, stitched together, often with a paper cover, but
not bound; a short essay or written discussion, usually on a
subject of current interest.
<-- p. 1035 -->
Pam"phlet (?), v. i. To write a
pamphlet or pamphlets. [R.]
Howell.
Pam`phlet*eer" (?), n. A writer
of pamphlets; a scribbler.
Dryden. Macaulay.
Pam`phlet*eer", v. i. To write or
publish pamphlets.
By pamphleteering we shall not win.
C. Kingsley.
Pam*pin"i*form (?), a. [L.
pampinus a tendril + -form.]
(Anat.) In the form of tendrils; -- applied
especially to the spermatic and ovarian veins.
Pam"pre (?), n. [F.
pampre a vine branch, L. pampinus.]
(Sculp.) An ornament, composed of vine leaves and
bunches of grapes, used for decorating spiral columns.
Pam`pro*dac"tyl*ous (?), a.
[Pan- + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Having all the toes turned forward, as
the colies.
{ Pan- (?), Pan"ta- (?),
Pan"to- (?) }. [Gr. Combining forms signifying
all, every; as, panorama,
pantheism, pantagraph,
pantograph. Pan- becomes pam-
before b or p, as
pamprodactylous.
Pan, n. [OE. See 2d
Pane.] 1. A part; a portion.
2. (Fort.) The distance comprised
between the angle of the epaule and the flanked angle.
3. [Perh. a different word.] A leaf of
gold or silver.
Pan, v. t. & i. [Cf. F. pan
skirt, lappet, L. pannus a cloth, rag, W.
panu to fur, to full.] To join or fit
together; to unite. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Pan (?), n. [Hind.
p\'ben, Skr. parna leaf.] The
betel leaf; also, the masticatory made of the betel leaf, etc.
See .
\'d8Pan (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
(Gr. Myth.) The god of shepherds,
guardian of bees, and patron of fishing and hunting. He is
usually represented as having the head and trunk of a man, with
the legs, horns, and tail of a goat, and as playing on the
shepherd's pipe, which he is said to have invented.
Pan, n. [OE. panne, AS.
panne; cf. D. pan, G. pfanne,
OHG. pfanna, Icel., Sw., LL., & Ir. panna,
of uncertain origin; cf. L. patina, E.
paten.] 1. A shallow, open dish or
vessel, usually of metal, employed for many domestic uses, as for
setting milk for cream, for frying or baking food, etc.; also
employed for various uses in manufacturing. \'bdA bowl or a
pan.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. (Manuf.) A closed vessel for boiling
or evaporating. See Vacuum pan, under
Vacuum.
3. The part of a flintlock which holds the
priming.
4. The skull, considered as a vessel containing the
brain; the upper part of the head; the brainpan; the
cranium.
Chaucer.
5. (C A recess, or bed, for the
leaf of a hinge.
6. The hard stratum of earth that lies below the
soil. See Hard pan, under Hard.
7. A natural basin, containing salt or fresh water,
or mud.
Flash in the pan. See under
Flash. -- To savor of the pan, to
suggest the process of cooking or burning; in a theological
sense, to be heretical.
Ridley. Southey.
Pan, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Panned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Panning.] (Mining) To
separate, as gold, from dirt or sand, by washing in a kind of
pan. [U. S.]
We . . . witnessed the process of cleaning up and
panning out, which is the last process of separating
the pure gold from the fine dirt and black sand.
Gen. W. T. Sherman.
Pan, v. i. 1. (Mining)
To yield gold in, or as in, the process of panning; --
usually with out; as, the gravel panned
out richly.
2. To turn out (profitably or unprofitably); to
result; to develop; as, the investigation, or the
speculation, panned out poorly. [Slang,
U. S.]
<-- Pan v.t. & i., to scan (a movie camera), usu. in a horizontal
direction, to obtain a panoramic effect; also, to move the camera
so as to keep the subject in view.
2. to criticise (a drama or literary work) harshly. -->
Pan"a*base (?), n.
[Pan- + base. So called in allusion to
the number of metals contained in it.] (Min.)
Same as Tetrahedrite.
Pan`a*ce"a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
1. A remedy for all diseases; a universal medicine;
a cure-all; catholicon; hence, a relief or solace for
affliction.
2. (Bot.) The herb allheal.
Pan`a*ce"an (?), a. Having the
properties of a panacea. [R.]
\'bdPanacean dews.\'b8
Whitehead.
Pa*nache" (?), n. [F., fr. L.
penna a feather. See Pen a feather.]
A plume or bunch of feathers, esp. such a bunch worn on the
helmet; any military plume, or ornamental group of
feathers.
A panache of variegated plumes.
Prescott.
{ Pa*na"da (?), Pa*nade"
(?), } n. [Sp. panada,
fr. L. panis bread: cf. F. panade. See
Pantry.] Bread boiled in water to the
consistence of pulp, and sweetened or flavored.
[Written also panado.]
Pa*nade" (?), n. A
dagger. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pan`a*ma" hat` (?). A fine plaited hat,
made in Central America of the young leaves of a plant
(Carludovica palmata).
Pan`-A*mer"i*can (?), a. [See
Pan-.] Of or pertaining to both North and
South America.
Pan`-An"gli*can (?), a.
[Pan- + Anglican.]
(Eccl.) Belonging to, or representing, the whole
Church of England; used less strictly, to include the Protestant
Episcopal Church of the United States; as, the
Pan-Anglican Conference at Lambeth, in 1888.
Pan"a*ry (?), a. [L.
panis bread.] Of or pertaining to bread or
to breadmaking.
Pan"a*ry, n. A storehouse for
bread.
Halliwell.
Pan"cake` (?), n. A thin cake
of batter fried in a pan or on a griddle; a griddlecake; a
flapjack. \'bdA pancake for Shrove Tuesday.\'b8
Shak.
Pan"carte` (?), n. [F., fr. LL.
pancharta. See Pan-, and
Carte.] A royal charter confirming to a
subject all his possessions. [Obs.]
Holinshed.
Pance (?), n. (Bot.)
The pansy. [Also paunce.]
Panch (?), n. (Naut.)
See Paunch.
Panch"way (?), n. [Hind.
pan.] (Naut.) A Bengalese
four-oared boat for passengers. [Written also
panshway and paunchwas.]
Malcom.
Pan*cra"tian (?), a. Pancratic;
athletic.
Pan*cra"ti*ast (?), n. One who
engaged in the contests of the pancratium.
Pan*cra`ti*as"tic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the pancratium.
G. West.
Pan*crat"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Opt.) Having all or many
degrees of power; having a great range of power; -- said of an
eyepiece made adjustable so as to give a varying magnifying
power.
{ Pan*crat"ic (?), Pan*crat"ic*al
(?), } a. [See
Pancratium.] Of or pertaining to the
pancratium; athletic.
Sir T. Browne
Pan"cra*tist (?), n. An
athlete; a gymnast.
\'d8Pan*cra"ti*um (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr.
1. (Gr. Antiq.) An athletic contest
involving both boxing and wrestling.
2. (Bot.) A genus of Old World
amaryllideous bulbous plants, having a funnel-shaped perianth
with six narrow spreading lobes. The American species are now
placed in the related genus Hymenocallis.
Pan"cre*as (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. pancr\'82as.] (Anat.) The
sweetbread, a gland connected with the intestine of nearly all
vertebrates. It is usually elongated and light-colored, and its
secretion, called the pancreatic juice, is discharged, often
together with the bile, into the upper part of the intestines,
and is a powerful aid in digestion. See Illust. of
Digestive apparatus.
Pan`cre*at"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
pancr\'82atique.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the pancreas; as, the pancreatic
secretion, digestion, ferments.
Pancreatic juice (Physiol.), a
colorless alkaline fluid secreted intermittently by the
pancreatic gland. It is one of the most important of the
digestive fluids, containing at least three distinct ferments,
trypsin, steapsin and an amylolytic ferment, by which it acts
upon all three classes of food stuffs. See
Pancreas.
Pan"cre*a*tin (?), n. [See
Pancreas.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of
the digestive ferments of the pancreatic juice; also, a
preparation containing such a ferment, made from the pancreas of
animals, and used in medicine as an aid to digestion.
pancreatin is restricted
to the amylolytic ferment of the pancreatic juice, by others it
is applied to trypsin, and by still others to
steapsin.
Pan"cy (?), n. See
Pansy. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Pan"da (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A small Asiatic mammal (Ailurus fulgens) having
fine soft fur. It is related to the bears, and inhabits the
mountains of Northern India.
\'d8Pan*da"nus (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Malay pandan.] (Bot.) A
genus of endogenous plants. See Screw pine.
Pan"dar (?), n. Same as
Pander. \'bdSeized by the pandar of
Appius.\'b8
Macaulay.
Pan"dar*ism (?), n. Same as
Panderism.
Swift.
Pan"dar*ize (?), v. i. To
pander. [Obs.]
Pan"dar*ous (?), a.
Panderous. [Obs.]
Pan*de"an, a. [From 4th
Pan.] Of or relating to the god Pan.
Pandean pipes, a primitive wind instrument,
consisting of a series of short hollow reeds or pipes, graduated
in length by the musical scale, and fastened together side by
side; a syrinx; a mouth organ; -- said to have been invented by
Pan. Called also Pan's pipes and
Panpipes.<-- also, pipes of Pan -->
Pan"dect (?), n. [L.
pandecta, pandectes, Gr. pandectes, pl.] 1. A treatise
which comprehends the whole of any science.
[Thou] a pandect mak'st, and universal book.
Donne.
2. pl. The digest, or abridgment, in
fifty books, of the decisions, writings, and opinions of the old
Roman jurists, made in the sixth century by direction of the
emperor Justinian, and forming the leading compilation of the
Roman civil law.
Kent.
Pan*dem"ic (?), a. [L.
pandemus, Gr. pand\'82mique.] Affecting a
whole people or a number of countries; everywhere epidemic.
-- n. A pandemic disease.
Harvey.
Pan`de*mo"ni*um (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. 1. The
great hall or council chamber of demons or evil spirits.
Milton.
2. An utterly lawless, riotous place or
assemblage.
Pan"der (?), n. [From
Pandarus, a leader in the Trojan army, who is
represented by Chaucer and Shakespeare as having procured for
Troilus the possession of Cressida.]
1. A male bawd; a pimp; a procurer.
Thou art the pander to her dishonor.
Shak.
2. Hence, one who ministers to the evil designs and
passions of another.
Those wicked panders to avarice and ambition.
Burke.
Pan"der, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pandered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pandering.] To play the pander
for.
<-- pander to (base emotions), to achieve one's purpose by
appealing to a person's base emotions (less noble desires), as
lust, prejudice, hate; to exploit base emotions -->
Pan"der, v. i. To act the part of a
pander.
Pan"der*age (?), n. The act of
pandering.
Pan"der*ism (?), n. The
employment, arts, or practices of a pander.
Bp. Hall.
Pan"der*ly, a. Having the quality of a
pander. \'bdO, you panderly rascals.\'b8
Shak.
Pan*der"mite (?), n. [From
Panderma, a port on the Black Sea from which it is
exported.] (Min.) A hydrous borate of lime,
near priceite.
Pan"der*ous (?), Of or relating to a
pander; characterizing a pander.
Pan*dic"u*la`ted (?), a. [See
Pandiculation.] Extended; spread out;
stretched.
Pan*dic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L.
pandiculari to stretch one's self, fr.
pandere to spread out.] A stretching and
stiffening of the trunk and extremities, as when fatigued and
drowsy.
Pan"dit (?), n. See
Pundit.
Pan"door (?) n. Same as
Pandour.
Pan*do"ra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
Pandw`ra; pa^s, pa^n, all +
dw^ron a gift.] 1. (Class.
Myth.) A beautiful woman (all-gifted), whom
Jupiter caused Vulcan to make out of clay in order to punish the
human race, because Prometheus had stolen the fire from heaven.
Jupiter gave Pandora a box containing all human ills, which, when
the box was opened, escaped and spread over the earth. Hope alone
remained in the box. Another version makes the box contain all
the blessings of the gods, which were lost to men when Pandora
opened it.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine
bivalves, in which one valve is flat, the other convex.
Pan"dore (?), n. [F. See
Bandore.] An ancient musical instrument, of
the lute kind; a bandore. [Written also
pandoran.]<-- a bandura? -->
Pan"dour (?), n. One of a class
of Hungarian mountaineers serving in the Austrian army; -- so
called from Pandur, a principal town in the region
from which they originally came. [Written also
pandoor.]
Her whiskered pandours and her fierce hussars.
Campbell.
Pan*dow"dy (?), n. A deep pie
or pudding made of baked apples, or of sliced bread and apples
baked together, with no bottom crust.
{ Pan"du*rate, Pan*du"ri*form
(?), } a. [L. pandura a
pandore + -form: cf. F.
panduriforme.] Obovate, with a concavity in
each side, like the body of a violin; fiddle-shaped; as, a
panduriform leaf; panduriform color markings of
an animal.
Pane (?), n. [F.
panne.] The narrow edge of a hammer head.
See Peen.
Pane, n. [OE. pan part,
portion of a thing, F. pan a skirt, lappet, part or
piece of a wall, side, fr. L. pannus a cloth, fillet,
rag; akin to E. vane. See Vane, and cf.
Panel, Pawn pledge.] 1. A
division; a distinct piece, limited part, or compartment of any
surface; a patch; hence, a square of a checkered or plaided
pattern.
2. One of the openings in a slashed garment,
showing the bright colored silk, or the like, within; hence, the
piece of colored or other stuff so shown.
3. (Arch.) (a) A compartment of
a surface, or a flat space; hence, one side or face of a
building; as, an octagonal tower is said to have eight
panes. (b) Especially, in
modern use, the glass in one compartment of a window sash.
4. In irrigating, a subdivision of an irrigated
surface between a feeder and an outlet drain.
5. (a) One of the flat surfaces, or
facets, of any object having several sides. (b)
One of the eight facets surrounding the table of a brilliant
cut diamond.
Paned (?), a. 1.
Having panes; provided with panes; also, having openings;
as, a paned window; paned window
sash. \'bdPaned hose.\'b8
Massinger.
2. (Mach.) Having flat sides or
surfaces; as, a sixpaned nut.
Pan`e*gyr"ic (?), n. [L.
panegyricus, Gr. panhgyrico`s: cf. F.
pan\'82gyrique. See Panegyric,
a.] An oration or eulogy in praise of some
person or achievement; a formal or elaborate encomium; a
laudatory discourse; laudation. See Synonym of
Eulogy.
{ Pan`e*gyr"ic (?),
Pan`e*gyr"ic*al (?), } a.
[L. panegyricus, Gr. panhgyrico`s,
from pa^, pa^n all +
Containing praise or eulogy; encomiastic; laudatory.
\'bdPanegyric strains.\'b8 Pope. --
Pan`e*gyr"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Some of his odes are panegyrical.
Dryden.
Pa*neg"y*ris (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. Panegyric.] A festival; a public
assembly. [Obs.]
S. Harris.
Pan"e*gyr`ist (?), n. [L.
panegyrista, Gr. Panegyric.]
One who delivers a panegyric; a eulogist; one who extols or
praises, either by writing or speaking.
If these panegyrists are in earnest.
Burke.
Pan"e*gy*rize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Panegyrized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Panegyrizing
(?).] [Gr. Panegyrist.] To praise highly; to extol in a
public speech; to write or deliver a panegyric upon; to
eulogize.
Pan"e*gy*rize, v. i. To indulge in
panegyrics.
Mitford.
Pan"e*gyr`y (?), n. A
panegyric. [Obs.]
Milton.
Pan"el (?), n. [Orig., a little
piece; OF. panel, pannel, F.
panneau, dim. of pan skirt, lappet, part or
piece of a wall, side. See 2d Pane.] 1.
(Arch.) A sunken compartment with raised margins,
molded or otherwise, as in ceilings, wainscotings, etc.
<-- p. 1036 -->
2. (Law) (a) A piece of
parchment or a schedule, containing the names of persons summoned
as jurors by the sheriff; hence, more generally, the whole
jury. Blackstone. (b) (Scots
Law) A prisoner arraigned for trial at the bar of a
criminal court. Burrill.
3. Formerly, a piece of cloth serving as a saddle;
hence, a soft pad beneath a saddletree to prevent chafing.
4. (Joinery) A board having its edges
inserted in the groove of a surrounding frame; as, the
panel of a door.
5. (Masonry) One of the faces of a hewn
stone.
Gwilt.
6. (Painting) A slab or plank of wood
upon which, instead of canvas, a picture is painted.
7. (Mining) (a) A heap of
dressed ore. (b) One of the districts divided
by pillars of extra size, into which a mine is laid off in one
system of extracting coal.
8. (Dressmaking) A plain strip or band,
as of velvet or plush, placed at intervals lengthwise on the
skirt of a dress, for ornament.
9. A portion of a framed structure between adjacent
posts or struts, as in a bridge truss.
Panel game, a method of stealing money in a
panel house. -- Panel house, a house of
prostitution in which the rooms have secret entrances to
facilitate theft by accomplices of the inmates. --
Panel saw, handsaw with fine teeth, -- used for
cutting out panels, etc. -- Panel thief, one
who robs in a panel house.
Pan"el (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Paneled (?)
or Panelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Paneling or Panelling.] To
form in or with panels; as, to panel a
wainscot.<-- to put panels on (e.g. a wall) -->
Paneled back (Arch.), the paneled
work covering the window back. See Window
back.
Pan`el*a"tion (?), n. The act
of impaneling a jury. [Obs.] [Written
also panellation.]
Wood.
Pane"less (?), a. Without
panes.
To patch his paneless window.
Shenstone.
Pan"el*ing (?), n. A forming in
panels; panelwork. [Written also
panelling.]
Pan"el*work` (?), n.
(Arch.) Wainscoting.
Pan*eu"lo*gism (?), n. [See
Pan-, Eulogy.] Eulogy of everything;
indiscriminate praise. [R.]
Her book has a trace of the cant of
paneulogism.
National Rev.
Pan"ful (?), n.; pl.
Panfuls (#). [See 5th
Pan.] Enough to fill a pan.
Pang (?), n. [Prob. for older
prange. Cf. Prong.] A paroxysm of
extreme pain or anguish; a sudden and transitory agony; a throe;
as, the pangs of death.
Syn. -- Agony; anguish; distress. See Agony.
Pang, v. t. To torture; to cause to have
great pain or suffering; to torment. [R.]
Shak.
Pan*gen"e*sis (?), n.
[Pan- + genesis.]
(Biol.) An hypothesis advanced by Darwin in
explanation of heredity.
gemmules, which circulate freely throughout the system
and multiply by subdivision. These gemmules collect in the
reproductive organs and products, or in buds, so that the egg or
bud contains gemmules from all parts of the parent or parents,
which in development give rise to cells in the offspring similar
to those from which they were given off in the parent. The
hypothesis also assumes that these gemmules need not in all cases
develop into cells, but may lie dormant, and be transmitted from
generation to generation without producing a noticeable effect
until a case of atavism occurs.<-- ingenious, but wrong.
A hundred years later we are still only beginning to understand
the development process. -->
Pan`ge*net"ic (?), a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to pangenesis.
Pang"ful (?), a. Full of
pangs.
Richardson.
Pang"less, a. Without a pang;
painless.
Byron.
Pan"go*lin (?), n. [Malay
pang.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one
of several species of Manis, Pholidotus,
and related genera, found in Africa and Asia. They are covered
with imbricated scales, and feed upon ants. Called also
scaly ant-eater.
Pan*goth"ic (?), a.
[Pan- + Gothic.] Of,
pertaining to, or including, all the Gothic races.
\'bdAncestral Pangothic stock.\'b8
Earle.
Pan`hel*len"ic (?), a. [See
Panhellenium.] Of or pertaining to all
Greece, or to Panhellenism; including all Greece, or all the
Greeks.
Pan*hel"len*ism (?), n. A
scheme to unite all the Greeks in one political body.
Pan*hel"len*ist, n. An advocate of
Panhellenism.
Pan`hel*le"ni*um (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. (Gr.
Antiq.) An assembly or association of Greeks from all
the states of Greece.
Pan"ic (?), n. [L.
panicum.] (Bot.) A plant of the
genus Panicum; panic grass; also, the edible grain of
some species of panic grass.
Panic grass (Bot.), any grass of
the genus Panicum.
Pan"ic, a. [Gr. panique.] Extreme or sudden and
causeless; unreasonable; -- said of fear or fright; as,
panic fear, terror, alarm. \'bdA
panic fright.\'b8
Dryden.
Pan"ic, n. [Gr. panigue. See Panic,
a.] 1. A sudden, overpowering
fright; esp., a sudden and groundless fright; terror inspired by
a trifling cause or a misapprehension of danger; as, the
troops were seized with a panic; they fled in a
panic.
2. By extension: A sudden widespread fright or
apprehension concerning financial affairs.
Pan"ic*al (?), a. See
Panic, a. [Obs.]
Camden.
Pan"i*cle (?), n. [L.
panicula a tuft on plants, dim. of panus
the thread wound upon the bobbin in a shuttle; cf. Gr. pane: cf. F. panicule. See
2d Pane.] (Bot.) A pyramidal form
of inflorescence, in which the cluster is loosely branched below
and gradually simpler toward the end.
<-- Illustr. of a panicle -->
Pan"i*cled (?), a. (Bot.)
Furnished with panicles; arranged in, or like, panicles;
paniculate.
{ Pan"ic-strick`en (?),
Pan"ic-struck` (?) }, a.
Struck with a panic, or sudden fear.
Burke.
{ Pa*nic"u*late (?),
Pa*nic"u*la`ted (?), } a.
[See Panicle.] (Bot) Same as
Panicled.
\'d8Pan"i*cum (?), n. [L.,
panic grass.] (Bot.) A genus of grasses,
including several hundred species, some of which are valuable;
panic grass.
Pan*id`i*o*mor"phic (?), a.
[Pan- + idiomorphic.]
(Geol.) Having a completely idiomorphic
structure; -- said of certain rocks.
Pan"ier (?), n. See
Pannier, 3. [Obs.]
Pan`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
panis bread + -ficare (in comp.) to make:
cf. F. panification.] The act or process of
making bread.
Ure.
Pa"nim (?), n. See
Painim. [Obs.]
Milton.
Pan*is"lam*ism (?), n.
[Pan- + Islamism.] A desire
or plan for the union of all Mohammedan nations for the conquest
of the world.
Pa*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L.
panis bread + vorare to devour.]
Eating bread; subsisting on bread.
Pan*nade" (?), n. The curvet of
a horse.
Pan"nage (?), n. [OF.
pasnage, LL. pasnadium,
pastinaticum, fr. pastionare to feed on
mast, as swine, fr. L. pastio a pasturing, grazing.
See Pastor.] (O. Eng. Law) (a)
The food of swine in the woods, as beechnuts, acorns, etc.;
-- called also pawns. (b)
A tax paid for the privilege of feeding swine in the
woods.
Pan"na*ry (?), a. See
Panary.
Loudon.
Pan"nel (?), n. [See
Panel.] 1. A kind of rustic
saddle.
Tusser.
2. (Falconry) The stomach of a
hawk.
Ainsworth.
3. (Mil.) A carriage for conveying a
mortar and its bed, on a march.
Farrow.
Pan"nier (?), n. [F.
panier, fr. L. panarium a bread basket, fr.
panis bread. Cf. Pantry.] 1.
A bread basket; also, a wicker basket (used commonly in
pairs) for carrying fruit or other things on a horse or an
ass
Hudibras.
2. (Mil. Antiq.) A shield of basket work
formerly used by archers as a shelter from the enemy's
missiles.
3. A table waiter at the Inns of Court,
London.
4. A framework of steel or whalebone, worn by women
to expand their dresses; a kind of bustle.
Pan"niered (?), a. Bearing
panniers.
Wordsworth.
Pan"ni*kel (?), n. [See
Pan a dish.] The brainpan, or skull; hence,
the crest. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Pan"ni*kin (?), n. [Dim. of
pan a dish.] A small pan or cup.
Marryat. Thackeray.
Pan"nose` (?), a. [See
Pannus.] (Bot.) Similar in texture
or appearance to felt or woolen cloth.
\'d8Pan"nus (?), n. [L., cloth.
See 2d Pane.] (Med.) A very
vascular superficial opacity of the cornea, usually caused by
granulation of the eyelids.
Foster.
Pan`o*is"tic (?), a.
[Pan- + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Producing ova only; -- said of the
ovaries of certain insects which do not produce vitelligenous
cells.
Pan`om*phe"an (?), a. [L.
panomphaeus, Gr. Uttering ominous or
prophetic voices; divining. [R.]
We want no half gods, panomphean Joves.
Mrs. Browning.
Pan"o*plied (?), a. Dressed in
panoply.
Pan"o*ply (?), n. [Gr.
Defensive armor in general; a full suit of defensive
armor.
Milton.
We had need to take the Christian panoply, to put
on the whole armor of God.
Ray.
Pa*nop"ti*con (?), n. [NL. See
Pan-, and Optic.]
1. A prison so contructed that the inspector can
see each of the prisoners at all times, without being seen.
2. A room for the exhibition of novelties.
Pan`o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. Pan-, and Wary.]
1. A complete view in every direction.
2. A picture presenting a view of objects in every
direction, as from a central point.
3. A picture representing scenes too extended to be
beheld at once, and so exhibited a part at a time, by being
unrolled, and made to pass continuously before the
spectator.
{ Pan`o*ram"ic (?),
Pan`o*ram"ic*al (?), } a.
Of, pertaining to, or like, a panorama.
Panoramic camera. See under
Camera.
Pa*nor"pi*an (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus
Panorpa. -- n. Same as
Panorpid.
Pa*nor"pid (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any neuropterous insect of the genus
Panorpa, and allied genera. The larv\'91 feed on plant
lice.
Pan*phar"ma*con (?), n. [NL.
See Pan-, and Pharmacon.] A medicine
for all diseases; a panacea. [R.]
Pan`pres`by*te"ri*an (?), a.
[Pan- + Presbyterian.]
Belonging to, or representative of, those who hold
Presbyterian views in all parts of the world; as, a
Panpresbyterian council.
{ Pan`sclav"ic (?), Pan`sclav"ism
(?), Pan`sclav"ist, Pan`scla*vo"ni*an
(?) }. See Panslavic,
Panslavism, etc.
Pan"shon (?), n. An earthen
vessel wider at the top than at the bottom, -- used for holding
milk and for various other purposes. [Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
Pan"sied (?), a. [From
Pansy.] Covered or adorned with
pansies. \'bdThe pansied grounds.\'b8
Darwin.
Pan`slav"ic (?), a.
[Pan- + Slavic.] Pertaining
to all the Slavic races.
Pan`slav"ism (?), n. A scheme
or desire to unite all the Slavic races into one
confederacy.
Pan`slav"ist (?), n. One who
favors Panslavism.
Pan`sla*vo"ni*an (?), a. See
Panslavic.
Pan*soph"ic*al (?), a. [See
Pansophy.] All-wise; claiming universal
knowledge; as, pansophical pretenders.
[R.]
John Worthington.
Pan"so*phy (?), n.
[Pan- + Gr. pansophie.] Universal wisdom; esp., a
system of universal knowledge proposed by Comenius (1592 --
1671), a Moravian educator. [R.]
Hartlib.
{ Pan*sper"ma*tist (?),
Pan"sper`mist (?), } n.
(Biol.) A believer in panspermy; one who rejects
the theory of spontaneous generation; a biogenist.
Pan`sper"mic (?), a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to panspermy; as,
the panspermic hypothesis.
Pan"sper`my (?), n.
[Pan- + Gr. (Biol.)
(a) The doctrine of the widespread distribution of
germs, from which under favorable circumstances bacteria,
vibrios, etc., may develop. (b) The doctrine
that all organisms must come from living parents; biogenesis; --
the opposite of spontaneous generation.
Pan*ste`re*o*ra"ma (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
A model of a town or country, in relief, executed in wood,
cork, pasteboard, or the like.
Brande & C.
Pan"sy (?), n.; pl.
Pansies (#). [F.
Pens\'82e thought, pansy, fr. penser to
think, L. pensare to weigh, ponder. See
Pensive.] (Bot.) A plant of the
genus Viola (V. tricolor) and its blossom, originally
purple and yellow. Cultivated varieties have very large flowers
of a great diversity of colors. Called also
heart's-ease,
love-in-idleness, and many other quaint
names.
Pant (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Panted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Panting.] [Cf. F.
panteler to gasp for breath, OF. panteisier
to be breathless, F. pantois out of breath; perh. akin
to E. phantom, the verb prob. orig. meaning, to have
the nightmare.] 1. To breathe quickly or in a
labored manner, as after exertion or from eagerness or
excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast; to gasp.
Pluto plants for breath from out his cell.
Dryden.
2. Hence: To long eagerly; to desire
earnestly.
As the hart panteth after the water brooks.
Ps. xlii. 1.
Who pants for glory finds but short repose.
Pope.
3. To beat with unnatural violence or rapidity; to
palpitate, or throb; -- said of the heart.
Spenser.
4. To sigh; to flutter; to languish.
[Poetic]
The whispering breeze
Pants on the leaves, and dies upon the trees.
Pope.
Pant, v. t. 1. To breathe forth
quickly or in a labored manner; to gasp out.
There is a cavern where my spirit
Was panted forth in anguish.
Shelley.
2. To long for; to be eager after.
[R.]
Then shall our hearts pant thee.
Herbert.
Pant, n. 1. A quick breathing;
a catching of the breath; a gasp.
Drayton.
2. A violent palpitation of the heart.
Shak.
Pan"ta- (?). See Pan-.
Pan"ta*ble (?), n. See
Pantofle. [Obs.]
Pan"ta*cosm (?), n.
[Panta- + Gr. See
Cosmolabe.
Pan"ta*graph (?), n. See
Pantograph.
Pan*tag"ru*el*ism (?), n. [From
Pantagruel, one of the characters of Rabelais.]
1. The theory or practice of the medical
profession; -- used in burlesque or ridicule.
2. An assumption of buffoonery to cover some
serious purpose. [R.]
Donaldson.
Pan`ta*let" (?), n. [Dim. of
pantal.] One of the legs of the
loose drawers worn by children and women; particularly, the lower
part of such a garment, coming below the knee, often made in a
separate piece; -- chiefly in the plural.
Pan`ta*loon" (?), n. [F.
pantalon, fr. It. pantalone, a masked
character in the Italian comedy, who wore breeches and stockings
that were all of one piece, from Pantaleone, the
patron saint of Venice, which, as a baptismal name, is very
frequent among the Venetians, and is applied to them by the other
Italians as a nickname, fr. Gr. 1. Aridiculous character, or
an old dotard, in the Italian comedy; also, a buffoon in
pantomimes.
Addison.
The sixth age shifts
Into the lean and slippered pantaloon.
Shak.
2. pl. A bifurcated garment for a man,
covering the body from the waist downwards, and consisting of
breeches and stockings in one.
3. pl. In recent times, same as
Trousers.
Pan`ta*loon"er*y (?), n. 1.
The character or performances of a pantaloon;
buffoonery. [R.]
Lamb.
2. Materials for pantaloons.
Pan"ta*morph (?), n. That which
assumes, or exists in, all forms.
Pan`ta*mor"phic (?), a.
[Panta- + Gr. Taking all
forms.
Pan"ta*scope (?), n.
[Panta- + -scope.]
(Photog.) A pantascopic camera.
Pan`ta*scop"ic (?), a. Viewing
all; taking a view of the whole. See under Camera.
<-- p. 1037 -->
\'d8Pan`ta*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the divisions of Flagellata,
including the monads and allied forms.
Pan*tech"ni*con (?), n. [NL.
See Pan-, and Technic.] A depository
or place where all sorts of manufactured articles are collected
for sale.
Pan*tel"e*graph (?), n.
[Pan- + telegraph.] See
under Telegraph.
Pant"er (?), n. One who
pants.
Congreve.
Pan"ter (?), n.[F.
panetier. See Pantry.] A keeper of
the pantry; a pantler. [Obs.]
Tyndale.
Pan"ter, n. [See Painter a
rope.] A net; a noose. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pan`teu*ton"ic (?), a.
[Pan- + Teutonic.] Of or
pertaining to all the Teutonic races.
Pan"the*ism (?), n.
[Pan- + theism.] The
doctrine that the universe, taken or conceived of as a whole, is
God; the doctrine that there is no God but the combined force and
laws which are manifested in the existing universe;
cosmotheism.
Pan"the*ist, n. One who holds to
pantheism.
{ Pan`the*is"tic (?),
Pan`the*is"tic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to pantheism; founded in, or leading to,
pantheism. -- Pan`the*is"tic*al*ly,
adv.
Pan`the*ol"o*gist (?), n. One
versed in pantheology.
Pan`the*ol"o*gy (?), n.
[Pan- + theology.] A system
of theology embracing all religions; a complete system of
theology.
Pan*the"on (?), n. [L.
pantheon, pantheum, Gr. panth\'82on. See Pan-, and
Theism.] 1. A temple dedicated to
all the gods; especially, the building so called at Rome.
2. The collective gods of a people, or a work
treating of them; as, a divinity of the Greek
pantheon.
Pan"ther (?), n. [OE.
pantere, F. panth\'8are, L.
panthera, Gr. pundr\'c6ka a tiger.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) A large dark-colored
variety of the leopard, by some zo\'94logists considered a
distinct species. It is marked with large ringlike spots, the
centers of which are darker than the color of the body.
2. (Zo\'94l.) In America, the name is
applied to the puma, or cougar, and sometimes to the
jaguar.
<-- Illustr. of Panther (Felis leopardus, or pardus) -->
Panther cat (Zo\'94l.), the
ocelot. -- Panther cowry (Zo\'94l.),
a spotted East Indian cowry (Cypr\'91a
pantherina); -- so called from its color.
Pan"ther*ess, n. (Zo\'94l.) A
female panther.
Pan"ther*ine (?), a. Like a
panther, esp. in color; as, the pantherine snake
(Ptyas mucosus) of Brazil.
Pan"tile` (?), n. [5th pan
+ tile.] (Arch.) A roofing tile, of
peculiar form, having a transverse section resembling an
elongated S laid on its side (
Pant"ing*ly (?), adv. With
palpitation or rapid breathing.
Shak.
Pan`ti*soc"ra*cy (?), n.
[Panto- + Gr.
A Utopian community, in which all should rule equally, such
as was devised by Coleridge, Lovell, and Southey, in their
younger days.
Pan*tis"o*crat (?), n. A
pantisocratist.
Pan`ti*so*crat"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a pantisocracy.
Pan`ti*soc"ra*tist (?), n. One
who favors or supports the theory of a pantisocracy.
Macaulay.
Pan"tler (?), n. [F.
panetier. See Panter, Pantry.]
The servant or officer, in a great family, who has charge of
the bread and the pantry. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pan"to- (?). See Pan-.
Pan`to*chro*nom"e*ter (?), n.
[Panto- + chronometer.] An
instrument combining a compass, sundial, and universal time
dial.
Brande & C.
Pan*to"fle (?), n. [F.
pantoufle.] A slipper for the foot.
[Written also pantable and
pantoble.]
Pan"to*graph (?), n.
[Panto- + -graph: cf. F.
pantographe.] An instrument for copying
plans, maps, and other drawings, on the same, or on a reduced or
an enlarged, scale. [Written also
pantagraph, and incorrectly
pentagraph.]
<-- 2. an electrical trolley supported by a collapsible frame,
resembling a pantograph (1). -->
Skew pantograph, a kind of pantograph for
drawing a copy which is inclined with respect to the original
figure; -- also called plagiograph.
{ Pan`to*graph"ic (?),
Pan`to*graph"ic*al (?) }, a.
[Cf. F. pantographique.] Of or
pertaining to a pantograph; relating to pantography.
Pan*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F.
pantographie.] A general description;
entire view of an object.
Pan`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to pantology.
Pan*tol"o*gist (?), n. One
versed in pantology; a writer of pantology.
Pan*tol"o*gy (?), n.
[Panto- + -logy.] A
systematic view of all branches of human knowledge; a work of
universal information.
Pan*tom"e*ter (?), n.
[Panto- + -meter: cf. F.
pantom\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring
angles for determining elevations, distances, etc.
Pan*tom"e*try (?), n. Universal
measurement. [R.] --
Pan`to*met"ric (#), a.
[R.]
Pan"to*mime (?), n. [F., fr. L.
pantomimus, Gr. pantomimo. See
Mimic.] 1. A universal mimic; an
actor who assumes many parts; also, any actor.
[Obs.]
2. One who acts his part by gesticulation or dumb
show only, without speaking; a pantomimist.
[He] saw a pantomime perform so well that he could
follow the performance from the action alone.
Tylor.
3. A dramatic representation by actors who use only
dumb show; hence, dumb show, generally.
4. A dramatic and spectacular entertainment of
which dumb acting as well as burlesque dialogue, music, and
dancing by Clown, Harlequin, etc., are features.
Pan"to*mime, a. Representing only in
mute actions; pantomimic; as, a pantomime
dance.
{ Pan`to*mim"ic (?),
Pan`to*mim"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. pantomimique.] Of or
pertaining to the pantomime; representing by dumb show.
\'bdPantomimic gesture.\'b8 Bp. Warburton. --
Pan`to*mim"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Pan"to*mi`mist (?), n. An actor
in pantomime; also, a composer of pantomimes.
Pan"ton (?), n. [F.
patin. See Patten.] (Far.)
A horseshoe to correct a narrow, hoofbound heel.
Pan*toph"a*gist (?), n. [See
Pantophagous.] A person or an animal that has
the habit of eating all kinds of food.
Pan*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr.
Eating all kinds of
food.
Pan*toph"a*gy (?), n. [Gr.
The habit or power of eating all kinds of
food.
\'d8Pan*top"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Panto-, & -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Pycnogonida.
Pan`to*scop"ic (?), a.
[Panto- + -scope +
-ic.] Literally, seeing everything; -- a
term applied to eyeglasses or spectacles divided into two
segments, the upper being designed for distant vision, the lower
for vision of near objects.<-- = bifocal -->
Pan"try (?), n.; pl.
Pantries (#). [OE.
pantrie, F. paneterie, fr.
panetier pantler, LL. panetarius baker,
panetus small loaf of bread, L. panis
bread. Cf. Company, Pannier,
Pantler.] An apartment or closet in which
bread and other provisions are kept.
Pan*ur"gic (?), a. [Cf. Gr. Skilled in all kinds of work. \'bdThe
panurgic Diderot.\'b8
J. Morley.
Pan"ur*gy (?), n. [Gr. Skill in all kinds of work
or business; craft. [R.]
Bailey.
Pan"yard (?), n. See
Pannier. [Obs.]
Pepys.
Pa"nym (?), n. & a. See
Panim. [Obs.]
Pan*zo"ism (?), n.
[Pan- + Gr.
(Biol.) A term used to denote all of the elements
or factors which constitute vitality or vital energy.
H. Spencer.
\'d8Pa"o*lo (?), n. [It. Cf.
Paul.] An old Italian silver coin, worth
about ten cents.
Pap (?), n. [Cf. OSw.
papp. Cf. Pap soft food.]
1. (Anat.) A nipple; a mammilla; a
teat.
Dryden.
The paps which thou hast sucked.
Luke xi. 27.
2. A rounded, nipplelike hill or peak; anything
resembling a nipple in shape; a mamelon.
Macaulay.
Pap, n. [Cf. D. pap, G.
pappe, both perh. fr. L. papa,
pappa, the word with which infants call for food: cf.
It. pappa.] 1. A soft food for
infants, made of bread boiled or softtened in milk or
water.
2. Nourishment or support from official patronage;
as, treasury pap. [Colloq. &
Contemptuous]
3. The pulp of fruit.
Ainsworth.
Pap, v. t. To feed with pap.
Beau. & Fl.
Pa*pa" (?), n. [F.
papa, L. papa; cf. Gr. Pope.]
1. A child's word for father.
2. A parish priest in the Greek Church.
Shipley.
Pa`pa*bo"te (?), n. [Probably
of Creole origin.] (Zo\'94l.) The upland
plover. [Local, U. S.]
Pa"pa*cy (?), n. [LL.
papatia, fr. L. papa a father, bishop. See
Pope.] 1. The office and dignity of
the pope, or pontiff, of Rome; papal jurisdiction.
2. The popes, collectively; the succession of
popes.
3. The Roman Catholic religion; -- commonly used by
the opponents of the Roman Catholics in disparagement or in an
opprobrious sense.
Pap"a*gay (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Popinjay, 1
(b).
Pa*pa"in (?), n. [From
Papaw.] (Physiol. Chem.) A
proteolytic ferment, like trypsin, present in the juice of the
green fruit of the papaw (Carica Papaya) of tropical
America.
Pa"pal (?), a. [F., fr. L.
papa bishop. See Papacy.]
1. Of or pertaining to the pope of Rome; proceeding
from the pope; ordered or pronounced by the pope; as,
papal jurisdiction; a papal edict; the
papal benediction.
Milman.
2. Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic
Church. \'bdPapal Christians.\'b8
Bp. Burnet.
Papal cross. See Illust. 3 of
Cross. -- Papal crown, the
tiara.
Pa"pal*ist (?), n. A
papist. [Obs.]
Baxter.
Pa*pal"i*ty (?), n. [LL.
papalitas: cf. F. papaut\'82.]
The papacy. [Obs.]
Ld. Berners. Milton.
Pa"pal*ize (?), v. t. To make
papal. [R.]
Pa"pal*ize, v. i. To conform to
popery.
Cowper.
Pa"pal*ly, adv. In a papal manner;
popishly
Pa"pal*ty (?), n. The
papacy. [Obs.]
Milton.
Pa`pa*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. papa bishop + Gr.
Intense fear or dread of the pope, or of the Roman Catholic
Church. [R.]
Pa"par*chy (?), n. [L.
papa bishop + -archy.]
Government by a pope; papal rule.
\'d8Pa*pa"ver (?), n. [L.,
poppy.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including
the poppy.
Pa*pav`er*a"ceous (?), a.
(Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a
natural order of plants (Papaverace\'91) of which the
poppy, the celandine, and the bloodroot are well-known
examples.
Pa*pav"er*ine (?), n.
(Chem.) An alkaloid found in opium. It has a
weaker therapeutic action than morphine.
Pa*pav"er*ous (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the poppy; of the nature of the poppy.
Sir T. Browne.
Pa*paw" (?), n. [Prob. from the
native name in the West Indies; cf. Sp. papayo papaw,
papaya the fruit of the papaw.] [Written
also pawpaw.] 1. (Bot.)
A tree (Carica Papaya) of tropical America,
belonging to the order Passiflore\'91. It has a soft,
spongy stem, eighteen or twenty feet high, crowned with a tuft of
large, long-stalked, palmately lobed leaves. The milky juice of
the plant is said to have the property of making meat tender.
Also, its dull orange-colored, melon-shaped fruit, which is eaten
both raw and cooked or pickled.<-- juice contains papain, a
protease? -->
2. (Bot.) A tree of the genus
Asimina (A. triloba), growing in the
western and southern parts of the United States, and producing a
sweet edible fruit; also, the fruit itself.
Gray.
Pap"boat` (?), n. 1. A
kind of sauce boat or dish.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A large spiral East Indian
marine shell (Turbinella rapha); -- so called because
used by native priests to hold the oil for anointing.
Pape (?), n. [Cf. F.
pape, fr. L. papa. See
Pope.] A spiritual father; specifically, the
pope. [Obs.]
Pa"pe*jay (?), n. A
popinjay. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pa"per (?), n. [F.
papier, fr. L. papyrus papyrus, from which
the Egyptians made a kind of paper, Gr. Papyrus.] 1. A substance in the form
of thin sheets or leaves intended to be written or printed on, or
to be used in wrapping. It is made of rags, straw, bark, wood, or
other fibrous material, which is first reduced to pulp, then
molded, pressed, and dried.
2. A sheet, leaf, or piece of such substance.
3. A printed or written instrument; a document,
essay, or the like; a writing; as, a paper read
before a scientific society.
They brought a paper to me to be signed.
Dryden.
4. A printed sheet appearing periodically; a
newspaper; a journal; as, a daily paper.
5. Negotiable evidences of indebtedness; notes;
bills of exchange, and the like; as, the bank holds a large
amount of his paper.
6. Decorated hangings or coverings for walls, made
of paper. See Paper hangings, below.
7. A paper containing (usually) a definite
quantity; as, a paper of pins, tacks, opium,
etc.
8. A medicinal preparation spread upon paper,
intended for external application; as, cantharides
paper.
<-- insert table of paper trade names and sizes -->
In the manufacture of books, etc., a sheet, of whatever
size originally, is termed, when folded once, a folio;
folded twice, a quarto, or 4to; three
times, an octavo, or 8vo; four times, a
sextodecimo, or 16mo; five times, a
32mo; three times, with an offcut folded twice and set
in, a duodecimo, or 12mo; four times, with
an offcut folded three times and set in, a
24mo.
<-- p. 1038 -->
Paper is often used adjectively or in
combination, having commonly an obvious signification; as,
paper cutter or paper-cutter;
paper knife, paper-knife, or
paperknife; paper maker,
paper-maker, or papermaker;
paper mill or paper-mill; paper
weight, paper-weight, or paperweight,
etc.
Business paper, checks, notes, drafts, etc.,
given in payment of actual indebtedness; -- opposed to
accommodation paper. -- Fly paper,
paper covered with a sticky preparation, -- used for catching
flies. -- Laid paper. See under
Laid. -- Paper birch (Bot.),
the canoe birch tree (Betula papyracea). --
Paper blockade, an ineffective blockade, as by a
weak naval force. -- Paper boat
(Naut.), a boat made of water-proof paper. --
Paper car wheel (Railroad), a car wheel
having a steel tire, and a center formed of compressed paper held
between two plate-iron disks. Forney. -- Paper
credit, credit founded upon evidences of debt, such as
promissory notes, duebills, etc. -- Paper hanger,
one who covers walls with paper hangings. -- Paper
hangings, paper printed with colored figures, or
otherwise made ornamental, prepared to be pasted against the
walls of apartments, etc.; wall paper. -- Paper
house, an audience composed of people who have come in
on free passes. [Cant] -- Paper
money, notes or bills, usually issued by
government or by a banking corporation, promising payment of
money, and circulated as the representative of coin. --
Paper mulberry. (Bot.) See under
Mulberry. -- Paper muslin, glazed muslin,
used for linings, etc. -- Paper nautilus.
(Zo\'94l.) See Argonauta. --
Paper reed (Bot.), the papyrus. --
Paper sailor. (Zo\'94l.) See
Argonauta. -- Paper stainer, one who colors
or stamps wall paper. De Colange. -- Paper
wasp (Zo\'94l.), any wasp which makes a nest
of paperlike material, as the yellow jacket. -- Paper
weight, any object used as a weight to prevent loose
papers from being displaced by wind, or otherwise. --
Parchment paper. See Papyrine. --
Tissue paper, thin, gauzelike paper, such as is
used to protect engravings in books. -- Wall
paper. Same as Paper hangings, above.
-- Waste paper, paper thrown aside as worthless or
useless, except for uses of little account. -- Wove
paper, a writing paper with a uniform surface, not
ribbed or watermarked.<-- paper tiger, a person or
group that appears to be powerful and dangerous but is in fact
weak and ineffectual -->
Pa"per (?), a. Of or pertaining
to paper; made of paper; resembling paper; existing only on
paper; unsubstantial; as, a paper box; a
paper army.
Pa"per, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Papered(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Papering.] 1. To cover with
paper; to furnish with paper hangings; as, to paper
a room or a house.
2. To fold or inclose in paper.
3. To put on paper; to make a memorandum of.
[Obs.]
Pa"per*weight` (?), n. See
under Paper, n.
Pa"per*y (?), a. Like paper;
having the thinness or consistence of paper.
Gray.
Pa*pes"cent (?), a. [From
Pap soft food.] Containing or producing pap;
like pap. [R.]
Arbuthnot.
Pa"pess (?), n. [F.
papesse.] A female pope; i.
e., the fictitious pope Joan.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
\'d8Pa`pe*terie" (?), n. [F.,
paper manufacture, fr. papier paper.] A
case or box containing paper and materials for writing.
Pa"phi*an (?), a. [L.
Paphius, Gr.
Of or pertaining to Paphos, an ancient city of Cyprus,
having a celebrated temple of Venus; hence, pertaining to Venus,
or her rites.
Pa"phi*an, n. A native or inhabitant of
Paphos.
\'d8Pa`pier"-ma`ch\'82" (?), n.
[F. papier m\'83ch\'82, lit., chewed or mashed
paper.] A hard and strong substance made of a pulp
from paper, mixed with sise or glue, etc. It is formed into
various articles, usually by means of molds.
\'d8Pa*pil"i*o (?), n. [L., a
butterfly.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
butterflies.
Papilio
polyxenes, or asterias, and related
species.
Pa*pil`io*na"ceous (?), a.
1. Resembling the butterfly.
2. (Bot.) (a) Having a winged
corolla somewhat resembling a butterfly, as in the blossoms of
the bean and pea. (b) Belonging to that
suborder of leguminous plants (Papilionace\'91) which
includes the bean, pea, vetch, clover, and locust.
\'d8Pa*pil`i*o"nes (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Papilio.] (Zo\'94l.)
The division of Lepidoptera which includes the
butterflies.
\'d8Pa*pil`i*on"i*des (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The typical
butterflies.
Pa*pil"la (?), n.; pl.
Papill\'91 (#). [L., a nipple,
pimple.] Any minute nipplelike projection; as, the
papill\'91 of the tongue.
Pap"il*lar (?), a. [Cf. F.
papillaire.] Same as
Papillose.
Pap"il*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. F.
papillaire.] Of, pertaining to, or
resembling, a papilla or papill\'91; bearing, or covered with,
papill\'91; papillose.
Pap"il*late (?), v. t. & i. To
cover with papill\'91; to take the form of a papilla, or of
papill\'91.
Pap"il*late (?), a. Same as
Papillose.
Pa*pil"li*form (?), a.
[Papilla + -form.] Shaped
like a papilla; mammilliform.
\'d8Pap`il*lo"ma (?), n.; pl.
Papillomata (#). [NL. See
Papilla, and -Oma.] (Med.)
A tumor formed by hypertrophy of the papill\'91 of the skin
or mucous membrane, as a corn or a wart.
Quain.
Pap`il*lo"ma*tous (?), a.
(Med.) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of,
papillomata.
Pap"il*lose` (?), a. [Cf. F.
papilleux.] Covered with, or bearing,
papill\'91; resembling papill\'91; papillate; papillar;
papillary.
Pap"il*lote (?), n. [F., fr.
papillon a butterfly.] a small piece of
paper on which women roll up their hair to make it curl; a curl
paper.
Pap"il*lous (?), a. Papillary;
papillose.
Pa*pil"lu*late (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a minute papilla in the center
of a larger elevation or depression.
Pa"pi*on (?), n. [Prob. from
native name: cf. Sp. papion.]
(Zo\'94l.) A West African baboon
(Cynocephalus sphinx), allied to the chacma. Its color
is generally chestnut, varying in tint.
Pa"pism (?), n. [F.
papisme. See Pape, Pope.]
Popery; -- an offensive term.
Milton.
Pa"pist (?), n. [F.
papiste. See Pape, Pope.]
A Roman catholic; one who adheres to the Church of Rome and
the authority of the pope; -- an offensive designation applied to
Roman Catholics by their opponents.
{ Pa*pis"tic (?), Pa*pis"tic*al
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
papistique.] Of or pertaining to the Church
of Rome and its doctrines and ceremonies; pertaining to popery;
popish; -- used disparagingly. \'bdThe old
papistic worship.\'b8 T. Warton. --
Pa*pis"tic*al*ly, adv.
Pa"pist*ry (?), n. The doctrine
and ceremonies of the Church of Rome; popery.
[R.]
Whitgift.
Pa"pized (?), a. [From
Pape.] Conformed to popery.
[Obs.] \'bdPapized writers.\'b8
Fuller.
Pa*poose" (?), n. A babe or
young child of Indian parentage in North America.
Pap"pi*form (?), a.
(Bot.) Resembling the pappus of composite
plants.
Pap*poose" (?), n. Same as
Papoose.
Pappoose root. (Bot.) See
Cohosh.
Pap*pose" (?) a. (Bot.)
Furnished with a pappus; downy.
Pap"pous (?), a. (Bot.)
Pappose.
Pap"pus (?), n. [L., an old man
or grandfather; hence, a substance resembling gray hairs, Gr.
(Bot.) The hairy or feathery
appendage of the achenes of thistles, dandelions, and most other
plants of the order Composit\'91; also, the scales, awns, or
bristles which represent the calyx in other plants of the same
order.
Pap"py (?), a. [From
Pap soft food.] Like pap; soft; succulent;
tender.
Ray.
Pap"u*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Papua.
Pap"u*ars (?), n. pl.; sing.
Papuan (. (Ethnol.)
The native black race of Papua or New Guinea, and the
adjacent islands.
\'d8Pap"u*la (?), n.; pl.
Papul\'91 (#). [L.]
1. (Med.) A pimple; a small, usually
conical, elevation of the cuticle, produced by congestion,
accumulated secretion, or hypertrophy of tissue; a papule.
Quain.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the numerous small
hollow processes of the integument between the plates of
starfishes.
Pap"u*lar (?), a. 1.
Covered with papules.
2. (Med.) Consisting of papules;
characterized by the presence of papules; as, a
papular eruption.
Pap"ule (?), n.; pl.
Papules (. Same as
Papula.
Pap"u*lose` (?), a.
(Biol.) Having papul\'91; papillose; as, a
papulose leaf.
Pap"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F.
pap.] Covered with, or characterized
by, papul\'91; papulose.
Pap`y*ra"ceous (?), a. [L.
papyraceus made of papyrus.]
Made of papyrus; of the consistency of paper; papery.
Pa*pyr"e*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to papyrus, or to paper; papyraceous.
Pap"y*rine (?), n. [Cf. F.
papyrin made of paper. See Paper.]
Imitation parchment, made by soaking unsized paper in dilute
sulphuric acid.
Pa*pyr"o*graph (?), n.
[Papyrus + -graph.] An
apparatus for multiplying writings, drawings, etc., in which a
paper stencil, formed by writing or drawing with corrosive ink,
is used. The word is also used of other means of multiplying
copies of writings, drawings, etc. See Copygraph,
Hectograph, Manifold.
Pap`y*rog"ra*phy (?), n. The
process of multiplying copies of writings, etc., by means of the
papyrograph. -- Pap`y*ro*graph"ic
(#), a.
Pa*py"rus (?), n.; pl.
Papyri (#). [L., fr. Gr. Paper.] 1. (Bot.) A tall
rushlike plant (Cyperus Papyrus) of the Sedge family,
formerly growing in Egypt, and now found in Abyssinia, Syria,
Sicily, etc. The stem is triangular and about an inch
thick.
2. The material upon which the ancient Egyptians
wrote. It was formed by cutting the stem of the plant into thin
longitudinal slices, which were gummed together and
pressed.
3. A manuscript written on papyrus; esp.,
pl., written scrolls made of papyrus; as, the
papyri of Egypt or Herculaneum.
P\'83que (?), n. [F.
p\'83que.] See Pasch and
Easter.
Par (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Parr.
Par, prep. [F., fr. L. per.
See Per.] By; with; -- used frequently in
Early English in phrases taken from the French, being sometimes
written as a part of the word which it governs; as,
par amour, or paramour; par cas, or
parcase; par fay, or
parfay.
Par (?), n. [L. par,
adj., equal. See Peer an equal.]
1. Equal value; equality of nominal and actual
value; the value expressed on the face or in the words of a
certificate of value, as a bond or other commercial paper.
2. Equality of condition or circumstances.
At par, at the original price; neither at a
discount nor at a premium. -- Above par, at a
premium. -- Below par, at a discount. --
On a par, on a level; in the same condition,
circumstances, position, rank, etc.; as, their pretensions
are on a par; his ability is on a par with his
ambition. -- Par of exchange. See under
Exchange. -- Par value, nominal
value; face value.
Par"a- (?). [Gr. for- in forgive. Cf.
For-.] 1. A prefix signifying
alongside of, beside, beyond,
against, amiss; as parable,
literally, a placing beside; paradox, that which is
contrary to opinion; parachronism.
2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting:
(a) Likeness, similarity, or
connection, or that the substance
resembles, but is distinct from, that to
the name of which it is prefixed; as paraldehyde,
paraconine, etc.; also, an isomeric
modification. (b) Specifically: (Organ.
Chem.) That two groups or radicals substituted in the
benzene nucleus are opposite, or in the respective
positions 1 and 4; 2 and 5; or 3 and 6, as paraxylene;
paroxybenzoic acid. Cf. Ortho-, and
Meta-. Also used adjectively.
\'d8Pa*ra" (?), n. [Turk., fr.
Per. p\'berah a piece.] A piece of Turkish
money, usually copper, the fortieth part of a piaster, or about
one ninth of a cent.
Par`a*ban"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
designating, a nitrogenous acid which is obtained by the
oxidation of uric acid, as a white crystalline substance
(C3N2H2O3); -- also called oxalyl
urea.
Par"a*blast (?), n. [Cf. Gr.
Para-, and
-blast.] (Biol.) A portion of the
mesoblast (of peripheral origin) of the developing embryo, the
cells of which are especially concerned in forming the first
blood and blood vessels.
C. S. Minot.
Par`a*blas"tic (?), a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to the parablast;
as, the parablastic cells.
Par"a*ble (?), a. [L.
parabilis, fr. parare to provide.]
Procurable. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Par"a*ble, n. [F. parabole,
L. parabola, fr. Gr. gal to
drop. Cf. Emblem, Gland, Palaver,
Parabola, Parley, Parabole,
Symbol.] A comparison; a similitude;
specifically, a short fictitious narrative of something which
might really occur in life or nature, by means of which a moral
is drawn; as, the parables of Christ.
Chaucer.
Declare unto us the parable of the tares.
Matt. xiii. 36.
Syn. -- See Allegory, and Note under
Apologue.
Par"a*ble, v. t. To represent by
parable. [R.]
Which by the ancient sages was thus parabled.
Milton.
Pa*rab"o*la (?), n.; pl.
Parabolas (#). [NL., fr. Gr. Parable, and cf. Parabole.]
(Geom.) (a) A kind of curve; one of the
conic sections formed by the intersection of the surface of a
cone with a plane parallel to one of its sides. It is a curve,
any point of which is equally distant from a fixed point, called
the focus, and a fixed straight line, called the
directrix. See Focus. (b)
One of a group of curves defined by the equation y =
axn where n is a positive whole
number or a positive fraction. For the cubical
parabola n = 3; for the semicubical parabola n =
Cubical, and Semicubical.
The parabolas have infinite branches, but no rectilineal
asymptotes.
\'d8Pa*rab"o*le (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. Parable.] (Rhet.)
Similitude; comparison.
{ Par`a*bol"ic (?),
Par`a*bol"ic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. parabolique. See
Parable.]
1. Of the nature of a parable; expressed by a
parable or figure; allegorical; as, parabolical
instruction.
2. [From Parabola.]
(Geom.) (a) Having the form or nature of
a parabola; pertaining to, or resembling, a parabola; as, a
parabolic curve. (b) Generated
by the revolution of a parabola, or by a line that moves on a
parabola as a directing curve; as, a parabolic
conoid.
Parabolic conoid, a paraboloid; a conoid whose
directing curve is a parabola. See Conoid. --
Parabolic mirror (Opt.), a mirror
having a paraboloidal surface which gives for parallel rays (as
those from very distant objects) images free from aberration. It
is used in reflecting telescopes. -- Parabolic
spindle, the solid generated by revolving the portion
of a parabola cut off by a line drawn at right angles to the axis
of the curve, about that line as an axis. -- Parabolic
spiral, a spiral curve conceived to be formed by the
periphery of a semiparabola when its axis is wrapped about a
circle; also, any other spiral curve having an analogy to the
parabola.
<-- p. 1039 -->
Par`a*bol"ic*al*ly (?), adv.
1. By way of parable; in a parabolic manner.
2. In the form of a parabola.
Par`a*bol"i*form (?), a.
[Parabola + -form.]
Resembling a parabola in form.
Pa*rab"o*lism (?), n. [From
Parabola.] (Alg.) The division of
the terms of an equation by a known quantity that is involved in
the first term. [Obs.]
Pa*rab"o*list (?), n. A
narrator of parables.
Pa*rab"o*loid (?), n.
[Parabola + -oid: cf. F.
parabolo\'8bde.] (Geom.) The
solid generated by the rotation of a parabola about its axis; any
surface of the second order whose sections by planes parallel to
a given line are parabolas.
paraboloid has sometimes been
applied also to the parabolas of the higher orders.
Hutton.
Par`a*bo*loid"al (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or resembling, a paraboloid.
\'d8Par`a*bron"chi*um (?), n.;
pl. Parabronchia (#). [NL.
See Para-, Bronchia.] (Anat.)
One of the branches of an ectobronchium or
entobronchium.
Par`a*cel"si*an (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or in conformity with, the practice of
Paracelsus, a Swiss physician of the 15th
century.
Ferrand.
Par`a*cel"si*an, n. A follower of
Paracelsus or his practice or teachings.
Hakewill.
Par`a*cel"sist (?), n. A
Paracelsian.
\'d8Par`a*cen*te"sis (?), n.
[L., fr. Gr. (Med.) The perforation of a cavity of
the body with a trocar, aspirator, or other suitable instrument,
for the evacuation of effused fluid, pus, or gas; tapping.
{ Par`a*cen"tric (?),
Par`a*cen"tric*al (?), } a.
[Pref. para- + centric,
-ical: cf. F. paracentrique.]
Deviating from circularity; changing the distance from a
center.
Paracentric curve (Math.), a curve
having the property that, when its plane is placed vertically, a
body descending along it, by the force of gravity, will approach
to, or recede from, a fixed point or center, by equal distances
in equal times; -- called also a
paracentric. -- Paracentric
motton velocity, the motion or
velocity of a revolving body, as a planet, by which it approaches
to, or recedes from, the center, without reference to its motion
in space, or to its motion as reckoned in any other
direction.
Par`a*chor"dal (?), a. [Pref.
para- + chordal.] (Anat.)
Situated on either side of the notochord; -- applied
especially to the cartilaginous rudiments of the skull on each
side of the anterior part of the notochord. --
n. A parachordal cartilage.
Pa*rach"ro*nism (?), n. [Pref.
para- + Gr. parachronisme.] An error in chronology, by
which the date of an event is set later than the time of its
occurrence. [R.]
Par"a*chrose (?), a. [Gr.
(Min.) Changing color by exposure
Mohs.
Par"a*chute (?), n. [F., fr.
paper to ward off, guard + chute a fall.
See Parry, and Chute, Chance.]
1. A contrivance somewhat in the form of an
umbrella, by means of which a descent may be made from a balloon,
or any eminence.<-- usu used for descending to the ground
from an airplane, for military operations (airborne troops), in
an emergency, or for sport (sky diving) -->
2. (Zo\'94l.) A web or fold of skin
which extends between the legs of certain mammals, as the flying
squirrels, colugo, and phalangister.
<-- parachutist; parachuting.
parachute = verb -->
Par"a*clete (?), n. [L.
paracletus, Gr. An
advocate; one called to aid or support; hence, the Consoler,
Comforter, or Intercessor; -- a term applied to the Holy
Spirit.
From which intercession especially I conceive he hath the name
of the Paraclete given him by Christ.
Bp. Pearson.
Par"a*close (?), n.
(Arch.) See Parclose.
Par`ac*mas"tic (?), a. [Gr.
Para-, and Acme.]
(Med.) Gradually decreasing; past the acme, or
crisis, as a distemper.
Dunglison.
Par`a*con"ic (?), a. [Pref.
para- + aconitic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an organic
acid obtained as a deliquescent white crystalline substance, and
isomeric with itaconic, citraconic, and mesaconic acids.
Par`a*co"nine (?), n. [Pref.
para- + conine.] (Chem.)
A base resembling and isomeric with conine, and obtained as
a colorless liquid from butyric aldehyde and ammonia.
\'d8Par`a*co*rol"la (?), n.
[Pref. para- + corolla.]
(Bot.) A secondary or inner corolla; a corona, as
of the Narcissus.
Par`a*cros"tic (?), n. [Pref.
para- + acrostic.] A poetical
composition, in which the first verse contains, in order, the
first letters of all the verses of the poem.
Brande & C.
Par`a*cy*an"o*gen (?), n.
[Pref. para- + cyanogen.]
(Chem.) A polymeric modification of cyanogen,
obtained as a brown or black amorphous residue by heating
mercuric cyanide.
Par`a*cy"mene, n. [Pref.
para- + cymene.] (Chem.)
Same as Cymene.
\'d8Par`a*dac"ty*lum, n.; pl.
Paradactyla (#). [NL. See
Para-, and Dactyl.] (Zo\'94l.)
The side of a toe or finger.
Pa*rade" (?), n. [F., fr. Sp.
parada a halt or stopping, an assembling for exercise,
a place where troops are assembled to exercise, fr.
parar to stop, to prepare. See Pare, v.
t.] 1. The ground where a military
display is held, or where troops are drilled.
2. (Mil.) An assembly and orderly
arrangement or display of troops, in full equipments, for
inspection or evolutions before some superior officer; a review
of troops. Parades are general, regimental, or private (troop,
battery, or company), according to the force assembled.
3. Pompous show; formal display or
exhibition.
Be rich, but of your wealth make no parade.
Swift.
4. That which is displayed; a show; a spectacle; an
imposing procession; the movement of any body marshaled in
military order; as, a parade of firemen.
In state returned the grand parade.
Swift.
5. Posture of defense; guard. [A
Gallicism.]
When they are not in parade, and upon their
guard.
Locke.
6. A public walk; a promenade.
Dress parade, Undress
parade. See under Dress, and
Undress. -- Parade rest, a position
of rest for soldiers, in which, however, they are required to be
silent and motionless. Wilhelm.
Syn. -- Ostentation; display; show. --
Parade, Ostentation. Parade is a
pompous exhibition of things for the purpose of display;
ostentation now generally indicates a
parade of virtues or other qualities for which one
expects to be honored. \'bdIt was not in the mere
parade of royalty that the Mexican potentates
exhibited their power.\'b8 Robertson. \'bdWe are dazzled
with the splendor of titles, the ostentation of
learning, and the noise of victories.\'b8
Spectator.
Pa*rade" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Paraded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Parading.] [Cf. F.
parader.] 1. To exhibit in a showy
or ostentatious manner; to show off.
Parading all her sensibility.
Byron.
2. To assemble and form; to marshal; to cause to
maneuver or march ceremoniously; as, to parade
troops.
Pa*rade", v. i. 1. To make an
exhibition or spectacle of one's self, as by walking in a public
place.
2. To assemble in military order for evolutions and
inspection; to form or march, as in review.
Par"a*digm (?), n. [F.
paradigme, L. paradigma, fr. Gr. Para-, and Diction.]
1. An example; a model; a pattern.
[R.] \'bdThe paradigms and patterns of
all things.\'b8
Cudworth.
2. (Gram.) An example of a conjugation
or declension, showing a word in all its different forms of
inflection.
3. (Rhet.) An illustration, as by a
parable or fable.
{ Par`a*dig*mat"ic (?),
Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. Exemplary. --
Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.
[Obs.]
Par`a*dig*mat"ic, n. (Eccl. Hist.)
A writer of memoirs of religious persona, as examples of
Christian excellence.
Par`a*dig"ma*tize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Paradigmatized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paradigmatizing
(?).] [Gr. Paradigm.] To set forth as a model or
example. [Obs.]
Hammond.
{ Par`a*di*sa"ic (?),
Par`a*di*sa"ic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to, or resembling, paradise;
paradisiacal. \'bdParadisaical pleasures.\'b8
Gray.
Par"a*di`sal (?), a.
Paradisiacal.
Par"a*dise (?), n. [OE. & F.
paradis, L. paradisus, fr. Gr.
para`deisos park, paradise, fr. Zend
pairida an inclosure; pairi around
(akin to Gr. diz to throw up, pile up; cf. Skr.
dih to smear, and E. dough. Cf.
Parvis.]
1. The garden of Eden, in which Adam and Eve were
placed after their creation.
2. The abode of sanctified souls after death.
To-day shalt thou be with me in paradise.
Luke xxiii. 43.
It sounds to him like her mother's voice,
Singing in Paradise.
Longfellow.
3. A place of bliss; a region of supreme felicity
or delight; hence, a state of happiness.
The earth
Shall be all paradise.
Milton.
Wrapt in the very paradise of some creative
vision.
Beaconsfield.
4. (Arch.) An open space within a
monastery or adjoining a church, as the space within a cloister,
the open court before a basilica, etc.
5. A churchyard or cemetery.
[Obs.]
Oxf. Gloss.
Fool's paradise. See under Fool, and
Limbo. -- Grains of paradise.
(Bot.) See Melequeta pepper, under
Pepper. -- Paradise bird.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Bird of paradise.
Among the most beautiful species are the superb (Lophorina
superba); the magnificent (Diphyllodes
magnifica); and the six-shafted paradise bird (Parotia
sefilata). The long-billed paradise birds
(Epimachin\'91) also include some highly ornamental
species, as the twelve-wired paradise bird (Seleucides
alba), which is black, yellow, and white, with six long
breast feathers on each side, ending in long, slender filaments.
See Bird of paradise in the Vocabulary. --
Paradise fish (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful
fresh-water Asiatic fish (Macropodus viridiauratus)
having very large fins. It is often kept alive as an ornamental
fish. -- Paradise flycatcher
(Zo\'94l.), any flycatcher of the genus
Terpsiphone, having the middle tail feathers extremely
elongated. The adult male of T. paradisi is white,
with the head glossy dark green, and crested. --
Paradise grackle (Zo\'94l.), a very
beautiful bird of New Guinea, of the genus Astrapia,
having dark velvety plumage with brilliant metallic tints.
-- Paradise nut (Bot.), the sapucaia
nut. See Sapucaia nut. [Local, U. S.]
-- Paradise whidah bird. (Zo\'94l.)
See Whidah.
Par"a*dise (?), v. t. To affect
or exalt with visions of felicity; to entrance; to bewitch.
[R.]
Marston.
Par`a*dis"e*an (?), a.
Paradisiacal.
Par"a*dised (?), a. Placed in
paradise; enjoying delights as of paradise.
{ Par`a*dis"i*ac (?),
Par`a*di*si"a*cal (?), } a.
[L. paradisiacus.] Of or pertaining to
paradise; suitable to, or like, paradise. C.
Kingsley. T. Burnet. \'bdA paradisiacal
scene.\'b8
Pope.
The valley . . . is of quite paradisiac beauty.
G. Eliot.
{ Par`a*dis"i*al (?),
Par`a*dis"i*an (?), } a.
Paradisiacal. [R.]
Par`a*dis"ic (?), a.
Paradisiacal. [R.]
Broome.
Par`a*dis"ic*al (?), a.
Paradisiacal. [R.]
Par`a*dos (?), n.; pl.
Paradoses (#). [F., fr.
parer to defend + dos back, L.
dorsum.] (Fort.) An intercepting
mound, erected in any part of a fortification to protect the
defenders from a rear or ricochet fire; a traverse.
Farrow.
Par`a*dox (?), n.; pl.
Paradoxes (#). [F.
paradoxe, L. paradoxum, fr. Gr. Para-, and Dogma.] A tenet or
proposition contrary to received opinion; an assertion or
sentiment seemingly contradictory, or opposed to common sense;
that which in appearance or terms is absurd, but yet may be true
in fact.
A gloss there is to color that paradox, and make it
appear in show not to be altogether unreasonable.
Hooker.
This was sometime a paradox, but now the time gives
it proof.
Shak.
Hydrostatic paradox. See under
Hydrostatic.
Par"a*dox`al (?), a.
Paradoxical. [Obs.]
Par`a*dox"ic*al (?), a. 1.
Of the nature of a paradox.
2. Inclined to paradoxes, or to tenets or notions
contrary to received opinions.
Southey.
-- Par`a*dox"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Par`a*dox"ic*al*ness, n.
Par"a*dox`er (?), n.,
Par"a*dox`ist (, n.
One who proposes a paradox.
\'d8Par`a*dox"i*des (?), n.
[NL.] (Paleon.) A genus of large
trilobites characteristic of the primordial formations.
Par`a*dox*ol"o*gy (?), n.
[Paradox + -logy.] The use
of paradoxes. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Par`a*dox"ure (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of
Paradoxurus, a genus of Asiatic viverrine mammals
allied to the civet, as the musang, and the luwack or palm cat
(Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). See
Musang.
Par"a*dox`y (?), n. 1.
A paradoxical statement; a paradox.
2. The quality or state of being paradoxical.
Coleridge
{ Par"af*fin (?), Par"af*fine
(?) }, n. [F.
paraffine, fr. L. parum too little +
affinis akin. So named in allusion to its chemical
inactivity.] (Chem.) A white waxy
substance, resembling spermaceti, tasteless and odorless, and
obtained from coal tar, wood tar, petroleum, etc., by
distillation. It is used as an illuminant and lubricant. It is
very inert, not being acted upon by most of the strong chemical
reagents. It was formerly regarded as a definite compound, but is
now known to be a complex mixture of several higher hydrocarbons
of the methane or marsh-gas series; hence, by extension, any
substance, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, of the same
chemical series; thus coal gas and kerosene consist largely of
paraffins.
paraffin, but in commerce it is commonly spelt
paraffine.
Native paraffin. See Ozocerite.
-- Paraffin series. See Methane
series, under Methane.
Par"age, n. [F., fr. L. par,
adj., equal. Cf. Peerage, Peer an equal.]
1. (Old Eng. Law) Equality of condition,
blood, or dignity; also, equality in the partition of an
inheritance.
Spelman.
2. (Feudal Law) Equality of condition
between persons holding unequal portions of a fee.
Burrill.
<-- p. 1040 -->
3. Kindred; family; birth.
[Obs.]
Ld. Berners.
We claim to be of high parage.
Chaucer.
Par`a*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Pref.
para- + genesis.] (Min.)
The science which treats of minerals with special reference
to their origin.
Par`a*gen"ic (?), a. [Pref.
para- the root of (Biol.)
Originating in the character of the germ, or at the first
commencement of an individual; -- said of peculiarities of
structure, character, etc.
Par`a*glob"u*lin (?), n. [Pref.
para- + globulin.] (Physiol.
Chem.) An albuminous body in blood serum, belonging to
the group of globulins. See Fibrinoplastin.
\'d8Par`a*glos"sa (?), n.; pl.
Paragloss\'91 (#). [NL., from Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) One of
a pair of small appendages of the lingua or labium of certain
insects. See Illust. under Hymenoptera.
Par"ag*nath (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Paragnathus.
Pa*rag"na*thous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having both mandibles of equal length,
the tips meeting, as in certain birds.
\'d8Pa*rag"na*thus (?), n.; pl.
Paragnathi (#). [NL. See
Para-, and Gnathic.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the two lobes
which form the lower lip, or metastome, of Crustacea.
(b) One of the small, horny, toothlike jaws of
certain annelids.
\'d8Par`a*go"ge (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr. 1. (Gram.) The addition
of a letter or syllable to the end of a word, as
withouten for without.
2. (Med.) Coaptation.
[Obs.]
Dunglison.
{ Par`a*gog"ic (?),
Par`a*gog"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. paragogique.] Of, pertaining
to, or constituting, a paragoge; added to the end of, or serving
to lengthen, a word.
Paragogic letters, in the Semitic languages,
letters which are added to the ordinary forms of words, to
express additional emphasis, or some change in the
sense.
Par"a*gon (?), n. [OF.
paragon, F. parangon; cf. It.
paragone, Sp. paragon,
parangon; prob. fr. Gr.
1. A companion; a match; an equal.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Philoclea, who indeed had no paragon but her
sister.
Sir P. Sidney.
2. Emulation; rivalry; competition.
[Obs.]
Full many feats adventurous
Performed, in paragon of proudest men.
Spenser.
3. A model or pattern; a pattern of excellence or
perfection; as, a paragon of beauty or
eloquence.
Udall.
Man, . . . the paragon of animals !
Shak.
The riches of sweet Mary's son,
Boy-rabbi, Israel's paragon.
Emerson.
4. (Print.) A size of type between great
primer and double pica. See the Note under Type.
Par"a*gon, v. t. [Cf. OF.
paragonner, F. parangonner.]
1. To compare; to parallel; to put in rivalry or
emulation with. [Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
2. To compare with; to equal; to rival.
[R.]
Spenser.
In arms anon to paragon the morn,
The morn new rising.
Glover.
3. To serve as a model for; to surpass.
[Obs.]
He hath achieved a maid
That paragons description and wild fame.
Shak.
Par"a*gon, v. i. To be equal; to hold
comparison. [R.]
Few or none could . . . paragon with her.
Shelton.
Pa*rag"o*nite (?), n. [From Gr.
(Min.) A
kind of mica related to muscovite, but containing soda instead of
potash. It is characteristic of the paragonite schist
of the Alps.
Par"a*gram (?), n. [Gr. Paragraph.]
A pun.
Puns, which he calls paragrams.
Addison.
Par`a*gram"ma*tist (?), n. A
punster.
\'d8Pa`ra*gran"di*ne (?), n.
[It., from parare to parry + grandine
hail.] An instrument to avert the occurrence of
hailstorms. See Paragr.
Knight.
Par"a*graph (?), n. [F.
paragraphe, LL. paragraphus, fr. Gr. Para-, and
Graphic, and cf. Paraph.] 1.
Originally, a marginal mark or note, set in the margin to
call attention to something in the text, e.
g., a change of subject; now, the character
paragraph), the letter
being reversed, and the black part made white and the white part
black for the sake of distinctiveness.
2. A distinct part of a discourse or writing; any
section or subdivision of a writing or chapter which relates to a
particular point, whether consisting of one or many sentences.
The division is sometimes noted by the mark
3. A brief composition complete in one
typographical section or paragraph; an item, remark, or quotation
comprised in a few lines forming one paragraph; as, a column
of news paragraphs; an editorial
paragraph.
Par"a*graph, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Paragraphed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Paragraphing.]
1. To divide into paragraphs; to mark with the
character
2. To express in the compass of a paragraph;
as, to paragraph an article.
3. To mention in a paragraph or paragraphs
Par"a*graph`er (?), n. A writer
of paragraphs; a paragraphist.
{ Par`a*graph"ic (?),
Par`a*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
Pertaining to, or consisting of, a paragraph or
paragraphs. -- Par`a*graph"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Par"a*graph`ist (?), n. A
paragrapher.
Par`a*gra*phis"tic*al (?), a.
Of or relating to a paragraphist. [R.]
Beau. & Fl.
Pa*ra" grass` (?). (Bot.) A
valuable pasture grass (Panicum barbinode) introduced
into the Southern United States from Brazil.
\'d8Pa`ra`gr\'88le" (?), n.
[F., fr. parer to guard + gr\'88le
hail.] A lightning conductor erected, as in a
vineyard, for drawing off the electricity in the atmosphere in
order to prevent hailstorms. [France]
Knight.
Par`a*guay"an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Paraguay. -- n. A
native or inhabitant of Paraguay.
Pa`ra*guay" tea" (?). See Mate,
the leaf of the Brazilian holly.
Par"ail (?), n. See
Apparel. [Obs.] \'bdIn the
parail of a pilgrim.\'b8
Piers Plowman.
Par"a*keet` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Parrakeet.
Par`a*lac"tic (?), a. [Pref.
para- + lactic.] (Physiol.
Chem.) Designating an acid called paralactic
acid. See Lactic acid, under
Lactic.
Par`al*bu"min (?), n. [Pref.
para- + albumin.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A proteidlike body found in the fluid from
ovarian cysts and elsewhere. It is generally associated with a
substance related to, if not identical with, glycogen.
Par*al"de*hyde (?), n. [Pref.
para- + aldehyde.] (Chem.)
A polymeric modification of aldehyde obtained as a white
crystalline substance.
\'d8Par`a*leip"sis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A
pretended or apparent omission; a figure by which a speaker
artfully pretends to pass by what he really mentions; as, for
example, if an orator should say, \'bdI do not speak of my
adversary's scandalous venality and rapacity, his brutal conduct,
his treachery and malice.\'b8 [Written also
paralepsis, paralepsy,
paralipsis.]
\'d8Par`a*lep"sis (?), n.
[NL.] See Paraleipsis.
Pa*ra"li*an (?), n. [Gr. A dweller by
the sea. [R.]
\'d8Par`a*li*pom"e*non (?), n. pl.
[L., fr. Gr. paraleipome`nwn of things omitted,
pass. p. pr. (neuter genitive plural) fr.
A title given in the Douay Bible to the Books of
Chronicles.
Paraleipome`nwn prw^ton and dey`teron,
which is understood, after Jerome's explanation, as meaning that
they are supplementary to the Books of Kings
W. Smith.
Par`a*lip"sis (?), n.
[NL.] See Paraleipsis.
{ Par`al*lac"tic (?),
Par`al*lac"tic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. parallactique.] Of or
pertaining to a parallax.
Par"al*lax (?), n. [Gr. parallaxe. Cf.
Parallel.] 1. The apparent
displacement, or difference of position, of an object, as seen
from two different stations, or points of view.
2. (Astron.) The apparent difference in
position of a body (as the sun, or a star) as seen from some
point on the earth's surface, and as seen from some other
conventional point, as the earth's center or the sun.
Annual parallax, the greatest value of the
heliocentric parallax, or the greatest annual apparent change of
place of a body as seen from the earth and sun; as, the
annual parallax of a fixed star. --
Binocular parallax, the apparent difference in
position of an object as seen separately by one eye, and then by
the other, the head remaining unmoved. --
Diurnal, Geocentric,
parallax, the parallax of a body with
reference to the earth's center. This is the kind of parallax
that is generally understood when the term is used without
qualification. -- Heliocentric parallax, the
parallax of a body with reference to the sun, or the angle
subtended at the body by lines drawn from it to the earth and
sun; as, the heliocentric parallax of a
planet. -- Horizontal parallax, the
geocentric parallx of a heavenly body when in the horizon, or the
angle subtended at the body by the earth's radius. --
Optical parallax, the apparent displacement in
position undergone by an object when viewed by either eye singly.
Brande & C. -- Parallax of the cross
wires (of an optical instrument), their apparent
displacement when the eye changes its position, caused by their
not being exactly in the focus of the object glass. --
Stellar parallax, the annual parallax of a fixed
star.
Par"al*lel (?), a. [F.
parall\'8ale, L. parallelus, fr. Gr. alius. See Allien.] 1.
(Geom.) Extended in the same direction, and in
all parts equally distant; as, parallel lines;
parallel planes.
Revolutions . . . parallel to the equinoctial.
Hakluyt.
2. Having the same direction or tendency; running
side by side; being in accordance (with); tending to the same
result; -- used with to and with.
When honor runs parallel with the laws of God and
our country, it can not be too much cherished.
Addison.
3. Continuing a resemblance through many
particulars; applicable in all essential parts; like; similar;
as, a parallel case; a parallel
passage.
Addison.
Parallel bar. (a) (Steam Eng.)
A rod in a parallel motion which is parallel with the working
beam. (b) One of a pair of bars raised about
five feet above the floor or ground, and parallel to each other,
-- used for gymnastic exercises. -- Parallel circles of
a sphere, those circles of the sphere whose planes are
parallel to each other. -- Parallel
columns, Parallels
(Printing), two or more passages of reading matter
printed side by side, for the purpose of emphasizing the
similarity or discrepancy between them. -- Parallel
forces (Mech.), forces which act in
directions parallel to each other. -- Parallel
motion. (a) (Mach.) A jointed
system of links, rods, or bars, by which the motion of a
reciprocating piece, as a piston rod, may be guided, either
approximately or exactly in a straight line.
Rankine. (b) (Mus.) The
ascending or descending of two or more parts at fixed intervals,
as thirds or sixths. -- Parallel rod
(Locomotive Eng.), a metal rod that connects the
crank pins of two or more driving wheels; -- called also
couping rod, in distinction from the
connecting rod. See Illust. of
Locomotive, in App. -- Parallel
ruler, an instrument for drawing parallel lines,
so constructed as to have the successive positions of the ruling
edge parallel to each other; also, one consisting of two movable
parts, the opposite edges of which are always parallel. --
Parallel sailing (Naut.), sailing on a
parallel of latitude. -- Parallel sphere
(Astron. & Geog.), that position of the sphere in
which the circles of daily motion are parallel to the horizon, as
to an observer at either pole. -- Parallel vise,
a vise having jaws so guided as to remain parallel in all
positions.
Par"al*lel (?), n. 1.
A line which, throughout its whole extent, is equidistant
from another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc.
Who made the spider parallels design,
Sure as De Moivre, without rule or line ?
Pope.
2. Direction conformable to that of another
line,
Lines that from their parallel decline.
Garth.
3. Conformity continued through many particulars or
in all essential points; resemblance; similarity.
Twixt earthly females and the moon
All parallels exactly run.
Swift.
4. A comparison made; elaborate tracing of
similarity; as, Johnson's parallel between Dryden
and Pope.
5. Anything equal to, or resembling, another in all
essential particulars; a counterpart.
None but thyself can be thy parallel.
Pope.
6. (Geog.) One of the imaginary circles
on the surface of the earth, parallel to the equator, marking the
latitude; also, the corresponding line on a globe or map.
7. (Mil.) One of a series of long
trenches constructed before a besieged fortress, by the besieging
force, as a cover for troops supporting the attacking batteries.
They are roughly parallel to the line of outer defenses of the
fortress.
8. (Print.) A character consisting of
two parallel vertical lines (thus, \'d8) used in the text to
direct attention to a similarly marked note in the margin or at
the foot of a page.
Limiting parallels. See under Limit,
v. t. -- Parallel of altitude
(Astron.), one of the small circles of the sphere,
parallel to the horizon; an almucantar. -- Parallel of
declination (Astron.), one of the small
circles of the sphere, parallel to the equator. --
Parallel of latitude. (a) (Geog.)
See def. 6. above. (b) (Astron.)
One of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the
ecliptic.
Par"al*lel, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Paralleled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Paralleling (?).]
1. To place or set so as to be parallel; to place
so as to be parallel to, or to conform in direction with,
something else.
The needle . . . doth parallel and place itself
upon the true meridian.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Fig.: To make to conform to something else in
character, motive, aim, or the like.
His life is paralleled
Even with the stroke and line of his great justice.
Shak.
3. To equal; to match; to correspond to.
Shak.
4. To produce or adduce as a parallel.
[R.]
Locke.
My young remembrance can not parallel
A fellow to it.
Shak.
Par"al*lel, v. i. To be parallel; to
correspond; to be like. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Par"al*lel`a*ble (?), a.
Capable of being paralleled, or equaled.
[R.]
Bp. Hall.
Par"al*lel*ism (?), n. [Gr.
parall\'82lisme.]
1. The quality or state of being parallel.
2. Resemblance; correspondence; similarity.
A close parallelism of thought and incident.
T. Warton.
3. Similarity of construction or meaning of clauses
placed side by side, especially clauses expressing the same
sentiment with slight modifications, as is common in Hebrew
poetry; e. g.: --
At her feet he bowed, he fell:
Where he bowed, there he fell down dead.
Judg. v. 27.
Par`al*lel*is"tic (?), a. Of
the nature of a parallelism; involving parallelism.
The antithetic or parallelistic form of Hebrew
poetry is entirely lost.
Milman.
Par"al*lel*ize (?), v. t. To
render parallel. [R.]
Par"al*lel*less, a. Matchless.
[R.]
Par"al*lel*ly, adv. In a parallel
manner; with parallelism. [R.]
Dr. H. More.
Par`al*lel"o*gram (?), n. [Gr.
parall\'82logramme. See Parallel, and
-gram.] (Geom.) A right-lined
quadrilateral figure, whose opposite sides are parallel, and
consequently equal; -- sometimes restricted in popular usage to a
rectangle, or quadrilateral figure which is longer than it is
broad, and with right angles.
Parallelogram of velocities,
forces, accelerations, momenta,
etc. (Mech.), a parallelogram the diagonal
of which represents the resultant of two velocities, forces,
accelerations, momenta, etc., both in quantity and direction,
when the velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., are
represented in quantity and direction by the two adjacent sides
of the parallelogram.
Par`al*lel`o*gram*mat"ic (?), a.
Of or pertaining to a parallelogram; parallelogrammic.
<-- p. 1041 -->
{ Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic (?),
Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic*al (?), }
a. Having the properties of a
parallelogram. [R.]
Par`al*lel`o*pi"ped (?), n.
[Gr. parall\'82lopip\'8ade.] (Geom.)
A solid, the faces of which are six parallelograms, the
opposite pairs being parallel, and equal to each other; a prism
whose base is a parallelogram.
Par`al*lel`o*pip"e*don (?), n.
[NL.] A parallelopiped.
Hutton.
Par`a*log"ic*al (?), a.
Containing paralogism; illogical.
\'bdParalogical doubt.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Pa*ral"o*gism (?), n. [Gr. paralogisme.]
(Logic) A reasoning which is false in point of
form, that is, which is contrary to logical rules or formul\'91;
a formal fallacy, or pseudo-syllogism, in which the conclusion
does not follow from the premises.
Pa*ral"o*gize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Paralogized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paralogizing
(?).] [Gr. To reason
falsely; to draw conclusions not warranted by the premises.
[R.]
Pa*ral"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. False reasoning;
paralogism.
Par"a*lyse (?), v. t. Same as
Paralyze.
Pa*ral"y*sis (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. Para-, and Loose,
and cf. Palsy.] (Med.) Abolition
of function, whether complete or partial; esp., the loss of the
power of voluntary motion, with or without that of sensation, in
any part of the body; palsy. See Hemiplegia, and
Paraplegia. Also used figuratively. \'bdUtter
paralysis of memory.\'b8
G. Eliot.
Mischievous practices arising out of the paralysis
of the powers of ownership.
Duke of Argyll (1887).
Par`a*lyt"ic (?), a. [L.
paralyticus, Gr. paralytique.] 1. Of or pertaining
to paralysis; resembling paralysis.
2. Affected with paralysis, or palsy.
The cold, shaking, paralytic hand.
Prior.
3. Inclined or tending to paralysis.
Paralytic secretion (Physiol.), the
fluid, generally thin and watery, secreted from a gland after
section or paralysis of its nerves, as the pralytic
saliva.
Par`a*lyt"ic, n. A person affected with
paralysis.
Par`a*lyt"ic*al (?), a. See
Paralytic.
Par`a*ly*za"tion (?), n. The
act or process of paralyzing, or the state of being
paralyzed.
Par"a*lyze (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Paralyzed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paralyzing
(?).] [F. paralyser. See
Paralysis.]
1. To affect or strike with paralysis or
palsy.
2. Fig.: To unnerve; to destroy or impair the
energy of; to render ineffective; as, the occurrence
paralyzed the community; despondency paralyzed
his efforts.
Par"am (?), n. (Chem.)
A white crystalline nitrogenous substance
(C2H4N4); -- called also
dicyandiamide.
Par`a*mag*net"ic (?), a. [Pref.
para- + magnetic.] Magnetic, as
opposed to diamagnetic. -- n.
A paramagnetic substance. Faraday. --
Par`a*mag*net"ic*al*ly (#),
adv.
Par`a*mag"net*ism (?), n.
Magnetism, as opposed to diamagnetism.
Faraday.
Par`a*ma*le"ic (?), a. [Pref.
para- + maleic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained from malic
acid, and now called fumaric acid.
[Obs.]
Par`a*ma"lic (?), a. [Pref.
para- + malic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid metameric
with malic acid.
Par`a*mas"toid (?), a. [Pref.
para- + mastoid.] (Anat.)
Situated beside, or near, the mastoid portion of the
temporal bone; paroccipital; -- applied especially to a process
of the skull in some animals.
Par`a*mat"ta (?), n. [So named
from Paramatta, in Australia.] A light
fabric of cotton and worsted, resembling bombazine or
merino.
Beck (Draper's Dict.)
Par"a*ment (?), n. [Sp.
paramento, from parar to prepare, L.
parare.] Ornamental hangings, furniture,
etc., as of a state apartment; rich and elegant robes worn by men
of rank; -- chiefly in the plural. [Obs.]
Lords in paraments on their coursers.
Chaucer.
Chamber of paraments, presence chamber of a
monarch.
\'d8Pa`ra*men"to (?), n.
[Sp.] Ornament; decoration.
Beau. & Fl.
Par"a*mere (?), n. [Pref.
para- + -mere.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the symmetrical halves of any one of the radii, or
spheromeres, of a radiate animal, as a starfish.
Pa*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Pref.
para- + -meter: cf. F.
param\'8atre.] 1. (a)
(Math.) A term applied to some characteristic
magnitude whose value, invariable as long as one and the same
function, curve, surface, etc., is considered, serves to
distinguish that function, curve, surface, etc., from others of
the same kind or family. Brande & C. (b)
Specifically (Conic Sections), in the ellipse and
hyperbola, a third proportional to any diameter and its
conjugate, or in the parabola, to any abscissa and the
corresponding ordinate.
parameter of the principal axis of a
conic section is called the latus rectum.
2. (Crystallog.) The ratio of the three
crystallographic axes which determines the position of any plane;
also, the fundamental axial ratio for a given species.
\'d8Par`a*me*tri"tis (?), n.
[NL. See Para-, and Metritis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the cellular tissue in the
vicinity of the uterus.
Par`a*mi*og"ra*pher (?), n.
[Gr. -graph + -er.] A
collector or writer of proverbs. [R.]
Par`a*mi"tome (?), n. [Pref.
para- + mitome.] (Biol.)
The fluid portion of the protoplasm of a cell.
\'d8Pa"ra*mo (?), n.; pl.
Paramos (#). [Sp.
p\'91ramo.] A high, bleak plateau or
district, with stunted trees, and cold, damp atmosphere, as in
the Andes, in South America.
Par"a*morph (?), n. [Pref.
para- + Gr. (Min.) A
kind of pseudomorph, in which there has been a change of physical
characters without alteration of chemical composition, as the
change of aragonite to calcite.
Par`a*mor"phism (?), n.
(Min.) The change of one mineral species to
another, so as to involve a change in physical characters without
alteration of chemical composition.
Par`a*mor"phous (?), a.
(Min.) Relating to paramorphism; exhibiting
paramorphism.
Par"a*mount (?), a. [OF.
par amont above; par through, by (L.
per) + amont above. See
Amount.] Having the highest rank or
jurisdiction; superior to all others; chief; supreme;
pre\'89minent; as, a paramount duty.
\'bdA traitor paramount.\'b8
Bacon.
Lady paramount (Archery), the lady
making the best score. -- Lord paramount, the
king.
Syn. Superior; principal; pre\'89minent; chief.
Par"a*mount, n. The highest or
chief.
Milton.
Par"a*mount`ly, adv. In a paramount
manner.
Par"a*mour (?), n. [F. par
amour, lit., by or with love. See 2d Par, and
Amour.] 1. A lover, of either sex; a
wooer or a mistress (formerly in a good sense, now only in a bad
one); one who takes the place, without possessing the rights, of
a husband or wife; -- used of a man or a woman.
The seducer appeared with dauntless front, accompanied by his
paramour
Macaulay.
2. Love; gallantry. [Obs.]
\'bdFor paramour and jollity.\'b8
Chaucer.
{ Par"a*mour`, Par"a*mours` (?)
}, adv. By or with love, esp. the love of
the sexes; -- sometimes written as two words.
[Obs.]
For par amour, I loved her first ere thou.
Chaucer.
Par*am"y*lum (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Chem.) A
substance resembling starch, found in the green frothy scum
formed on the surface of stagnant water.
Par`a*naph"tha*lene (?), n.
[Pref. para- + naphthalene.]
(Chem.) Anthracene; -- called also
paranaphthaline. [Obs.]
\'d8Par`a*noi"a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Med.) Mental derangement;
insanity.
Par*an"thra*cene (?), n. [Pref.
para- + anthracene.]
(Chem.) An inert isomeric modification of
anthracene.
Par`a*nu"cle*us (?), n. [Pref.
para- + nucleus.] (Biol.)
Some as Nucleolus.
Pa*ra" nut` (?). (Bot.) The
Brazil nut.
Par"a*nymph (?), n. [L.
paranymphus, Gr. paranymphe.]
1. (Gr. Antiq.) (a) A friend of
the bridegroom who went with him in his chariot to fetch home the
bride. Milton. (b) The bridesmaid
who conducted the bride to the bridegroom.
2. Hence: An ally; a supporter or abettor.
Jer. Taylor.
Par`a*nym"phal (?), a. Bridal;
nuptial. [R.]
At some paranymphal feast.
Ford.
Par`a*pec"tin (?), n. [Pref.
para- + pectin.] (Chem.)
A gelatinous modification of pectin.
Par"a*pegm (?), n. [L.
parapegma, Gr. parapegme.] An
engraved tablet, usually of brass, set up in a public
place.
Parapegms were used for the publication
of laws, proclamations, etc., and the recording of astronomical
phenomena or calendar events.
Par`a*pep"tone (?), n. [Pref.
para- + peptone.] (Phisiol.
Chem.) An albuminous body formed in small quantity by
the peptic digestion of proteids. It can be converted into
peptone by pancreatic juice, but not by gastric juice.
Par"a*pet (?), n. [F., fr. It.
parapetto, fr. parare to ward off, guard
(L. parare to prepare, provide) + petto the
breast, L. pectus. See Parry, and
Pectoral.]
1. (Arch.) A low wall, especially one
serving to protect the edge of a platform, roof, bridge, or the
like.
2. (Fort.) A wall, rampart, or elevation
of earth, for covering soldiers from an enemy's fire; a
breastwork. See Illust. of Casemate.
Par`a*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Pref.
para- + petal.] (Bot.)
Growing by the side of a petal, as a stamen.
Par"a*pet`ed, a. Having a parapet.
Par"aph (?), n. [F.
paraphe, parafe, contr. fr.
paragraphe.] A flourish made with the pen
at the end of a signature. In the Middle Ages, this formed a sort
of rude safeguard against forgery.
Brande & C.
Par"aph, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Paraphed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Paraphing.] [Cf. F.
parapher, parafer.] To add a
paraph to; to sign, esp. with the initials.
\'d8Par`a*pher"na (?), n. pl.
[L.] (Rom. Law) The property of a
woman which, on her marriage, was not made a part of her dower,
but remained her own.
Par`a*pher"nal (?), a. [Cf. F.
paraphernal.] Of or pertaining to
paraphernalia; as, paraphernal property.
Kent.
Par`a*pher*na"li*a (?), n. pl.
[LL. paraphernalia bona, fr. L.
parapherna, pl., parapherna, Gr. fe`rein to bring. See 1st
Bear.]
1. (Law) Something reserved to a wife,
over and above her dower, being chiefly apparel and ornaments
suited to her degree.
2. Appendages; ornaments; finery; equipments.
\'d8Par`a*phi*mo"sis (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Med.) A condition in which the prepuce, after
being retracted behind the glans penis, is constricted there, and
can not be brought forward into place again.
Par`a*phos*phor"ic (?), a.
[Pref. para- + phosphoric.]
(Chem.) Pyrophosphoric. [Obs.]
\'d8Par`a*phag"ma (?), n.; pl.
Paraphragmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.)
One of the outer divisions of an endosternite of
Crustacea. -- Par`a*phrag"mal
(#), a.
Par"a*phrase (?), n. [L.
paraphrasis, Gr. paraphrase. See Para-, and
Phrase.] A restatement of a text, passage, or
work, expressing the meaning of the original in another form,
generally for the sake of its clearer and fuller exposition; a
setting forth the signification of a text in other and ampler
terms; a free translation or rendering; -- opposed to
metaphrase.
In paraphrase, or translation with latitude, the
author's words are not so strictly followed as his sense.
Dryden.
Excellent paraphrases of the Psalms of David.
I. Disraeli.
His sermons a living paraphrase upon his
practice.
Sowth.
The Targums are also called the Chaldaic or Aramaic
Paraphrases.
Shipley.
Par"a*phrase, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Paraphrased (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Paraphrasing (?).] To
express, interpret, or translate with latitude; to give the
meaning of a passage in other language.
We are put to construe and paraphrase our own
words.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
Par"a*phrase, v. i. To make a
paraphrase.
Par"a*phra`ser (?), n. One who
paraphrases.
Par`a*phra"sian (?), n. A
paraphraser. [R.]
Par"a*phrast (?), n. [L.
paraphrastes, Gr. paraphraste.] A paraphraser.
T. Warton.
{ Par`a*phras"tic (?),
Par`a*phras"tic*al (?), } a.
[Gr.paraphrastique.]
Paraphrasing; of the nature of paraphrase; explaining, or
translating in words more clear and ample than those of the
author; not literal; free. --
Par`a*phras"tic*al*ly,
adv.
\'d8Pa*raph"y*sis (?), n.; pl.
Paraphyses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A minute
jointed filament growing among the archegonia and antheridia of
mosses, or with the spore cases, etc., of other flowerless
plants.
{ \'d8Par`a*ple"gi*a (?),
Par"a*ple`gy (?), } n.
[NL. paraplegia, fr. Gr. parapl\'82gie.] (Med.) Palsy of
the lower half of the body on both sides, caused usually by
disease of the spinal cord. --
Par`a*pleg"ic (#),
a.
\'d8Par`a*pleu"ra (?), n.; pl.
Parapleur\'91 (#). [NL. See
Para-, and 2d Pleura.]
(Zo\'94l.) A chitinous piece between the
metasternum and the pleuron of certain insects.
\'d8Par`a*po"di*um (?), n.; pl.
Parapodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the lateral appendages of an annelid; -- called also
foot tubercle.
notopodium, and a ventral
part, or neuropodium, are distinguished.
Par`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl.
Parapophyses (#). [NL. See
Para-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.)
The ventral transverse, or capitular, process of a vertebra.
See Vertebra. --
Par*ap`o*phys"ic*al (#),
a.
\'d8Pa*rap"te*rum (?), n.; pl.
Paraptera (#). [NL. See
Para-, and Pteron.] (Zo\'94l.)
A special plate situated on the sides of the mesothorax and
metathorax of certain insects.
{ Par`a*quet" (?), Par`a*qui"to
(?), } n. [See
Paroquet.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Parrakeet.
Par"a*sang (?), n. [L.
parasanga, Gr. farsang.] A Persian measure of length,
which, according to Herodotus and Xenophon, was thirty stadia, or
somewhat more than three and a half miles. The measure varied in
different times and places, and, as now used, is estimated at
from three and a half to four English miles.
\'d8Par`a*sce"ni*um (?), n.;
pl. Parascenia (#). [NL., fr.
Gr. (Greek & Rom.
Antiq.) One of two apartments adjoining the stage,
probably used as robing rooms.
\'d8Par`a*sce"ve (?), n. [L.,
from Gr. 1. Among
the Jews, the evening before the Sabbath.
[Obs.]
Mark xv. 42 (Douay ver.)
2. A preparation. [R.]
Donne.
Par`a*sche*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr.
Of or pertaining to
a change from the right form, as in the formation of a word from
another by a change of termination, gender, etc.
Max M\'81ller.
\'d8Par`a*se*le"ne (?), n.; pl.
Paraselen\'91 (#). [NL., from Gr.
paras\'82l\'8ane.] (Meteor.) A
mock moon; an image of the moon which sometimes appears at the
point of intersection of two lunar halos. Cf.
Parhelion.
\'d8Par`a*si"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) An
artificial group formerly made for parasitic insects, as lice,
ticks, mites, etc. (b) A division of copepod
Crustacea, having a sucking mouth, as the lerneans. They are
mostly parasites on fishes. Called also
Siphonostomata.
<-- p. 1042 -->
Par"a*si`tal (?), a. (Bot. &
Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to parasites;
parasitic.
Par"a*site (?), n. [F., fr. L.
parasitus, Gr.
1. One who frequents the tables of the rich, or who
lives at another's expense, and earns his welcome by flattery; a
hanger-on; a toady; a sycophant.
Thou, with trembling fear,
Or like a fawning parasite, obey'st.
Milton.
Parasites were called such smell-feasts as would
seek to be free guests at rich men's tables.
Udall.
2. (Bot.) (a) A plant obtaining
nourishment immediately from other plants to which it attaches
itself, and whose juices it absorbs; -- sometimes, but
erroneously, called epiphyte. (b)
A plant living on or within an animal, and supported at its
expense, as many species of fungi of the genus
Torrubia.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An animal
which lives during the whole or part of its existence on or in
the body of some other animal, feeding upon its food, blood, or
tissues, as lice, tapeworms, etc. (b) An
animal which steals the food of another, as the parasitic
jager. (c) An animal which habitually uses
the nest of another, as the cowbird and the European
cuckoo.
{ Par`a*sit"ic (?),
Par`a*sit"ic*al (?), } a.
[L. parasiticus, Gr. parasitique.]
1. Of the nature of a parasite; fawning for food or
favors; sycophantic. \'bdParasitic
preachers.\'b8
Milton.
2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to
parasites; living on, or deriving nourishment from, some other
living animal or plant. See Parasite, 2 & 3.
Parasitic gull, Parasitic
jager. (Zo\'94l.) See
Jager.
-- Par`a*sit"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Par`a*sit"ic*al*ness, n.
Par`a*sit"i*cide (?), n.
[Parasite + L. caedere to kill.]
Anything used to destroy parasites.
Quain.
Par"a*si`tism (?), n. [Cf. F.
parasitisme.]
1. The state or behavior of a parasite; the act of
a parasite. \'bdCourt parasitism.\'b8
Milton.
2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.)The state of being
parasitic.
Par"a*sol` (?), n. [F., fr. Sp.
or Pg. parasol, or It. parasole; It.
parare to ward off, Sp. & Pg. parar (L.
parare to prepare) + It. sole sun, Sp. &
Pg. sol (L. sol). See Parry,
Solar.] A kind of small umbrella used by
women as a protection from the sun.
Par"a*sol`, v. t. To shade as with a
parasol. [R.]
Par`a*sol*ette" (?), n. A small
parasol.
Par`a*sphe"noid (?), a. [Pref.
para- + sphenoid.] (Anat.)
Near the sphenoid bone; -- applied especially to a bone
situated immediately beneath the sphenoid in the base of the
skull in many animals. -- n. The
parasphenoid bone.
Pa*ras"ti*chy (?), n. [Pref.
para- + Gr. (Bot.) A
secondary spiral in phyllotaxy, as one of the evident spirals in
a pine cone.
\'d8Par`a*syn*ax"is (?), n.
[L., fr. Gr. (Civil Law) An unlawful
meeting.
Par`a*syn*thet"ic (?), a. [Gr.
Para-, and Synthetic.]
Formed from a compound word.
\'bdParasynthetic derivatives.\'b8
Dr. Murray.
Par`a*tac"tic (?), a.
(Gram.) Of pertaining to, or characterized by,
parataxis.
\'d8Par`a*tax"is (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr.
(Gram.) The mere ranging of propositions one
after another, without indicating their connection or
interdependence; -- opposed to syntax.
Brande & C.
\'d8Pa*rath"e*sis (?), n.; pl.
Paratheses (#). [NL., from Gr.
1. (Gram.) The placing of two or more
nouns in the same case; apposition.
2. (Rhet.) A parenthetical notice,
usually of matter to be afterward expanded.
Smart.
3. (Print.) The matter contained within
brackets.
4. (Eccl.) A commendatory prayer.
Shipley.
Par`a*thet"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to parathesis.
\'d8Pa`ra`ton`nerre" (?), n.
[F., fr. parer to parry + tonnerre
thunderbolt.] A conductor of lightning; a lightning
rod.
Par*aun"ter (?), adv.
[Par + aunter.]
Peradventure. See Paraventure.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Pa*rauque" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A bird (Nyctidromus
albicollis) ranging from Texas to South America. It is
allied to the night hawk and goatsucker.
Par`a*vail" (?), a. [OF.
par aval below; par through (L.
per) + aval down; a- (L.
ad) + val (L. vallis) a valley.
Cf. Paramount.] (Eng. Law) At the
bottom; lowest.
Cowell.
paravail is the
lowest tenant of the fee, or he who is immediate tenant to one
who holds over of another.
Wharton.
{ Par"a*vant` (?), Par"a*vant`
(?), } adv. [OF. par
avant. See Par, and lst Avaunt.]
1. In front; publicly. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. Beforehand; first. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Par`a*ven"ture (?), adv.
[Par + aventure.]
Peradventure; perchance. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Par`a*xan"thin (?), n. [Pref.
Para- + xanthin.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A crystalline substance closely related to
xanthin, present in small quantity in urine.
Par*ax"i*al (?), a. [Pref.
para- + axial.] (Anat.)
On either side of the axis of the skeleton.
Par`a*xy"lene (?), n.
(Chem.) A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series
obtained as a colorless liquid by the distillation of camphor
with zinc chloride. It is one of the three metamers of xylene.
Cf. Metamer, and Xylene.
Par"boil` (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Parboiled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Parboiling.] [OE. parboilen,
OF. parbouillir to cook well; par through
(see Par) + bouillir to boil, L.
bullire. The sense has been influenced by E.
part. See lst Boil.] 1.
To boil or cook thoroughly. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
2. To boil in part; to cook partially by
boiling.<-- the only def. in MW10. Also, used figuratively
for "do (something) partly, incompletely" -->
Par"break` (?), v. i. & t.
[Par + break.] To throw
out; to vomit. [Obs.]
Skelton.
Par"break`, n. Vomit.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Par"buc`kle (?), n. (a)
A kind of purchase for hoisting or lowering a cylindrical
burden, as a cask. The middle of a long rope is made fast aloft,
and both parts are looped around the object, which rests in the
loops, and rolls in them as the ends are hauled up or payed
out. (b) A double sling made of a single
rope, for slinging a cask, gun, etc.
Par"buc`kle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Parbuckled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Parbuckling (?).] To
hoist or lower by means of a parbuckle.
Totten.
Par"c\'91 (?), n. pl.
[L.] The Fates. See Fate, 4.
Par*case" (?), adv.
[Par + case.] Perchance; by
chance. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Par"cel (?), n. [F.
parcelle a small part, fr. (assumed) LL.
particella, dim. of L. pars. See
Part, n., and cf. Particle.]
1. A portion of anything taken separately; a
fragment of a whole; a part. [Archaic] \'bdA
parcel of her woe.\'b8
Chaucer.
Two parcels of the white of an egg.
Arbuthnot.
The parcels of the nation adopted different forms
of self-government.
J. A. Symonds.
2. (Law) A part; a portion; a piece;
as, a certain piece of land is part and parcel of
another piece.
3. An indiscriminate or indefinite number, measure,
or quantity; a collection; a group.
This youthful parcel
Of noble bachelors stand at my disposing.
Shak.
4. A number or quantity of things put up together;
a bundle; a package; a packet.
'Tis like a parcel sent you by the stage.
Cowper.
Bill of parcels. See under 6th
Bill. -- Parcel office, an office
where parcels are received for keeping or forwarding and
delivery. -- Parcel post, that department of
the post office concerned with the collection and transmission of
parcels. -- Part and parcel. See under
Part.
Par"cel, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Parceled (?) or Parcelled;
p. pr. & vb. n. Parceling or
Parcelling.]
1. To divide and distribute by parts or portions;
-- often with out or into. \'bdTheir
woes are parceled, mine are general.\'b8
Shak.
These ghostly kings would parcel out my power.
Dryden.
The broad woodland parceled into farms.
Tennyson.
2. To add a parcel or item to; to itemize.
[R.]
That mine own servant should
Parcel the sum of my disgraces by
Addition of his envy.
Shak.
3. To make up into a parcel; as, to
parcel a customer's purchases; the machine
parcels yarn, wool, etc.
To parcel a rope (Naut.), to wind
strips of tarred canvas tightly arround it. Totten.
-- To parcel a seam (Naut.), to cover
it with a strip of tarred canvas.
Par"cel, a. & adv. Part or half; in
part; partially. Shak. [Sometimes hyphened with the word
following.]
The worthy dame was parcel-blind.
Sir W. Scott.
One that . . . was parcel-bearded [partially
bearded].
Tennyson.
Parcel poet, a half poet; a poor poet.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Par"cel*ing, n. [Written also
parcelling.]
1. The act of dividing and distributing in portions
or parts.
2. (Naut.) Long, narrow slips of canvas
daubed with tar and wound about a rope like a bandage, before it
is served; used, also, in mousing on the stayes, etc.
Par"cel-mele` (?), adv. [See
Parcel, and Meal a part.] By parcels
or parts. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Par"ce*na*ry (?), n. [See
Parcener, partner.] (Law)
The holding or occupation of an inheritable estate which
descends from the ancestor to two or more persons;
coheirship.
joint
tenancy, which is created by deed or devise. In the United
States there is no essential distinction between parcenary and
tenancy in common.
Wharton. Kent.
Par"ce*ner (?), n. [Of.
paronnier, parsonnier, fr.
parzon, par, parcion, part,
portion, fr. L. partitio a division. See
Partition, and cf. Partner.]
(Law) A coheir, or one of two or more persons to
whom an estate of inheritance descends jointly, and by whom it is
held as one estate.
Parch (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Parched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Parching.] [OE. perchen to
pierce, hence used of a piercing heat or cold, OF.
perchier, another form of percier, F.
percer. See Pierce.] 1.
To burn the surface of; to scorch; to roast over the fire,
as dry grain; as, to parch the skin; to
parch corn.
Ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn.
Lev. xxiii. 14.
2. To dry to extremity; to shrivel with heat;
as, the mouth is parched from fever.
The ground below is parched.
Dryden.
Parch, v. i. To become scorched or
superficially burnt; to be very dry. \'bdParch
in Afric sun.\'b8
Shak.
Parch"ed*ness, n. The state of being
parched.
Par*che"si (?), n. See
Pachisi.
Parch"ing (?), a. Scorching;
burning; drying. \'bdSummer's parching heat.\'b8
Shak. -- Parch"ing*ly,
adv.
Parch"ment (?), n. [OE.
parchemin, perchemin, F.
parchemin, LL. pergamenum, L.
pergamena, pergamina, fr. L.
Pergamenus of or belonging to Pergamus an
ancient city of Mysia in Asia Minor, where parchment was first
used.] 1. The skin of a lamb, sheep, goat,
young calf, or other animal, prepared for writing on. See
Vellum.
But here's a parchment with the seal of
C\'91sar.
Shak.
2. The envelope of the coffee grains, inside the
pulp.
Parchment paper. See
Papyrine.
Par"ci*ty (?), n. [L.
parcitas, fr. parcus sparing.]
Sparingless. [Obs.]
Par"close (?), n. [OF. See
Perclose.] (Eccl. Arch.) A screen
separating a chapel from the body of the church.
[Written also paraclose and
perclose.]
Hook.
Pard (?), n. [L.
pardus, Gr. p
tiger, panther.] (Zo\'94l.) A leopard; a
panther.
And more pinch-spotted make them
Than pard or cat o'mountain.
Shak.
Par"dale (?), n. [L.
pardalis, Gr. Pard.]
(Zo\'94l.) A leopard. [Obs.]
Spenser.
{ Par*de" (?), Par*die"
(?) }, adv. [F.
pardi, for par Dieu by God.]
Certainly; surely; truly; verily; -- originally an
oath. [Written also pardee,
pardieux, perdie, etc.]
[Obs.]
He was, parde, an old fellow of yours.
Chaucer.
Par"dine (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Spotted like a pard.
Pardine lynx (Zo\'94l.), a species
of lynx (Felis pardina) inhabiting Southern Europe.
Its color is rufous, spotted with black.
Par"do (?), n. [Pg.
pardao, fr. Skr. prat\'bepa splendor,
majesty.] A money of account in Goa, India, equivalent
to about 2s. 6d. sterling. or 60 cts.
Par"don (?), n. [F., fr.
pardonner to pardon. See Pardon, v.
t.] 1. The act of pardoning;
forgiveness, as of an offender, or of an offense; release from
penalty; remission of punishment; absolution.
Pardon, my lord, for me and for my tidings.
Shak.
But infinite in pardon was my judge.
Milton.
Used in expressing courteous denial or contradiction;
as, I crave your pardon; or in indicating that
one has not understood another; as, I beg
pardon.
2. An official warrant of remission of
penalty.
Sign me a present pardon for my brother.
Shak.
3. The state of being forgiven.
South.
4. (Law) A release, by a sovereign, or
officer having jurisdiction, from the penalties of an offense,
being distinguished from amenesty, which is a general
obliteration and canceling of a particular line of past
offenses.
Syn. -- Forgiveness; remission. See
Forgiveness.
Par"don, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pardoned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pardoning.] [Either fr.
pardon, n., or from F. pardonner, LL.
perdonare; L. per through, thoroughly,
perfectly + donare to give, to present. See
Par-, and Donation.] 1. To
absolve from the consequences of a fault or the punishment of
crime; to free from penalty; -- applied to the offender.
In this thing the Lord pardon thy servant.
2 Kings v. 18.
I pray you, pardon me; pray heartily,
pardom me.
Shak.
2. To remit the penalty of; to suffer to pass
without punishment; to forgive; -- applied to offenses.
I pray thee, pardon my sin.
1 S
Apollo, pardon
My great profaneness 'gainst thine oracle
Shak.
3. To refrain from exacting as a penalty.
I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it.
Shak.
4. To give leave (of departure) to.
[Obs.]
Even now about it! I will pardon you.
Shak.
Pardon me, forgive me; excuse me; -- a phrase
used also to express courteous denial or contradiction.
Syn. -- To forgive; absolve; excuse; overlook; remit;
asquit. See Excuse.
Par"don*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
pardonnable.] Admitting of pardon; not
requiring the excution of penalty; venial; excusable; -- applied
to the offense or to the offender; as, a pardonable
fault, or culprit.
Par"don*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or
state of being pardonable; as, the pardonableness of
sin.
Bp. Hall.
Par"don*a*bly, adv. In a manner
admitting of pardon; excusably.
Dryden.
Par"don*er (?), n. 1.
One who pardons.
Shak.
2. A seller of indulgences.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Par"don*ing, a. Relating to pardon;
having or exercising the right to pardon; willing to pardon;
merciful; as, the pardoning power; a
pardoning God.
Pare (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pared (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Paring.] [F.
parer to pare, as a horse's hoofs, to dress or curry,
as, leather, to clear, as anchors or cables, to parry, ward off,
fr. L. parare to prepare. Cf. Empire,
Parade, Pardon, Parry,
Prepare.] 1. To cut off, or shave
off, the superficial substance or extremities of; as, to
pare an apple; to pare a horse's
hoof.
2. To remove; to separate; to cut or shave, as the
skin, ring, or outside part, from anything; -- followed by
off or away; as; to pare off the
ring of fruit; to pare away redundancies.
3. Fig.: To diminish the bulk of; to reduce; to
lessen.
The king began to pare a little the privilege of
clergy.
Bacon.
Par`e*gor"ic (?) a. [L.
paregoricus, Gr. par\'82gorique. See Allegory.]
Mitigating; assuaging or soothing pain; as,
paregoric elixir.
Par`e*gor"ic, n. (Med.) A
medicine that mitigates pain; an anodyne; specifically,
camphorated tincture of opium; -- called also paregoric
elexir.
Pa*rel"con (?), n. [Gr.
(Gram.) The addition of a syllable or particle to
the end of a pronoun, verb, or adverb.
Par`e*lec`tro*nom"ic (?), a.
(Physiol.) Of or relating to parelectronomy;
as, the parelectronomic part of a muscle.
Par*e`lec*tron"o*my (?), n.
[Pref. para- + electro- + Gr. (Physiol.) A condition of the muscles
induced by exposure to severe cold, in which the electrical
action of the muscle is reversed.
{ \'d8Pa*rel"la (?), \'d8Pa`relle
(?), } n. [Cf. F.
parelle.] (Bot.) (a) A
name for two kinds of dock (Rumex Patientia and
R. Hydrolapathum). (b) A kind of
lichen (Lecanora parella) once used in dyeing and in
the preparation of litmus.
\'d8Pa*rem"bo*le (, n.
[NL., from Gr. Para-,
and Embolus.] (Rhet.) A kind of
parenthesis.
<-- p. 1043 -->
Pare"ment (?), n. See
Parament. [Obs.]
\'d8Par`emp*to"sis (?), n.
[NL., from Gr. Same as Parembole.
Pa*ren"chy*ma (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. parenchyme.]
(Biol.) The soft celluar substance of the tissues
of plants and animals, like the pulp of leaves, to soft tissue of
glands, and the like.
Pa*ren"chy*mal (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or consisting of, parenchyma.
{ Par`en*chym"a*tous (?),
Pa*ren"chy*mous (?), } a.
[Cf. F. parenchymateux.] Of,
pertaining to, or connected with, the parenchyma of a tissue or
an organ; as, parenchymatous
degeneration.
\'d8Pa*ren"e*sis (?), n. [L.
paraenesis, Gr.
Exhortation. [R.]
{ Par`e*net"ic (?),
Par`e*net"io*al (?), } a.
[Gr. par\'82n\'82tique.]
Hortatory; encouraging; persuasive. [R.]
F. Potter.
Par"ent (?), n. [L.
parens, -entis; akin to parere
to bring forth; cf. Gr. parent. Cf. Part.] 1. One
who begets, or brings forth, offspring; a father or a
mother.
Children, obey your parents in the Lord.
Eph. vi. 1.
2. That which produces; cause; source; author;
begetter; as, idleness is the parent of
vice.
Regular industry is the parent of sobriety.
Channing.
Parent cell. (Biol.) See
Mother cell, under Mother, also
Cytula. -- Parent nucleus
(Biol.), a nucleus which, in cell division,
divides, and gives rise to two or more daughter nuclei. See
Karyokinesis, and Cell division, under
Division.
Par"ent*age (?), n. [Cf. F.
parentage relationship.] Descent from
parents or ancestors; parents or ancestors considered with
respect to their rank or character; extraction; birth; as, a
man of noble parentage. \'bdWilt thou deny
thy parentage?\'b8
Shak.
Though men esteem thee low of parentage.
Milton.
Pa*ren"tal (?), a. [L.
parentalis.] 1. Of or pertaining
to a parent or to parents; as, parental authority;
parental obligations.
2. Becoming to, or characteristic of, parents;
tender; affectionate; devoted; as, parental
care.
The careful course and parental provision of
nature.
Sir T. Browne.
Pa*ren"tal*ly, adv. In a parental
manner.
Par`en*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
parentatio, fr. parentare to offer a solemn
sacrifice in honor of deceased parents. See
Parent.] Something done or said in honor of
the dead; obsequies. [Obs.]
Abp. Potter.
Par"en`tele` (?), n. [F.
parent\'8ale, L. parentela.]
Kinship; parentage. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pa*ren"the*sis (?), n.; pl.
Parentheses (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
Para-, En-, 2, and
Thesis.]
1. A word, phrase, or sentence, by way of comment
or explanation, inserted in, or attached to, a sentence which
would be grammatically complete without it. It is usually
inclosed within curved lines (see def. 2 below), or dashes.
\'bdSeldom mentioned without a derogatory
parenthesis.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Don't suffer every occasional thought to carry you away into a
long parenthesis.
Watts.
2. (Print.) One of the curved lines ()
which inclose a parenthetic word or phrase.
Parenthesis, in technical grammar, is
that part of a sentence which is inclosed within the recognized
sign; but many phrases and sentences which are punctuated by
commas are logically parenthetical. In def. 1, the phrase \'bdby
way of comment or explanation\'b8 is inserted for explanation,
and the sentence would be grammatically complete without it. The
present tendency is to avoid using the distinctive marks, except
when confusion would arise from a less conspicuous
separation.
Pa*ren"the*size (?), v. t. To
make a parenthesis of; to include within parenthetical
marks.
Lowell.
{ Par`en*thet"ic (?),
Pat`en*thet"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. Gr. 1. Of the nature of a
parenthesis; pertaining to, or expressed in, or as in, a
parenthesis; as, a parenthetical clause; a
parenthetic remark.
A parenthetical observation of Moses himself.
Hales.
2. Using or containing parentheses.
Par`en*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. In a
parenthetical manner; by way of parenthesis; by
parentheses.
Par"ent*hood (?), n. The state
of a parent; the office or character of a parent.
Pa*rent"ti*cide (?), n. [L.
parenticida a parricide; parens parent +
caedere to kill.]
1. The act of one who kills one's own parent.
[R.]
2. One who kills one's own parent; a
parricide. [R.]
Par"ent*less (?), a. Deprived
of parents.
Par*ep`i*did"y*mis (?), n. [NL.
See Para-, and Epididymis.]
(Anat.) A small body containing convoluted
tubules, situated near the epididymis in man and some other
animals, and supposed to be a remnant of the anterior part of the
Wolffian body.
Par"er (?), n. [From
Pare, v. t.] One who, or that
which, pares; an instrument for paring.
\'d8Pa*rer"gon (?), n.
[L.] See Parergy.
Par"er*gy (?), n. [L.
parergon, Gr.
Something unimportant, incidental, or superfluous.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
\'d8Par"e*sis (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr.
(Med.) Incomplete paralysis, affecting motion but
not sensation.
Par*eth"moid (?), a. [Pref.
para- + ethmoid.] (Anat.)
Near or beside the ethmoid bone or cartilage; -- applied
especially to a pair of bones in the nasal region of some fishes,
and to the ethmoturbinals in some higher animals. --
n. A parethmoid bone.
Pa*ret"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to paresis; affected with paresis.
Par*fay" (?), interj.
[Par + fay.] By my faith;
verily. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Par"fit (?), a. Perfect.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Par"fit*ly, adv. Perfectly.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
{ Par*forn" (?), Par*fourn"
(?) }, v. t. To perform.
[Obs.]
Chaucer. Piers Plowman.
Par"gas*ite (?), n. [So called
from Pargas, in Finland.] (Min.)
A dark green aluminous variety of amphibole, or
hornblende.
Parge"board` (?), n. See
Bargeboard.
Par"get (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pargeted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Pargeting.] [OE.
pargeten, also spargeten,
sparchen; of uncertain origin.] 1.
To coat with parget; to plaster, as walls, or the interior
of flues; as, to parget the outside of their
houses.
Sir T. Herbert.
The pargeted ceiling with pendants.
R. L. Stevenson.
2. To paint; to cover over.
[Obs.]
Par"get, v. i. 1. To lay on
plaster.
2. To paint, as the face. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Par"get, n. 1. Gypsum or
plaster stone.
2. Plaster, as for lining the interior of flues, or
for stuccowork.
Knight.
3. Paint, especially for the face.
[Obs.]
Drayton.
Par"get*er (?), n. A
plasterer.
Johnson.
Par"get*ing, n. [Written also
pargetting.] Plasterwork; esp.:
(a) A kind of decorative plasterwork in raised
ornamental figures, formerly used for the internal and external
decoration of houses. (b) In modern architecture, the
plastering of the inside of flues, intended to give a smooth
surface and help the draught.
Par"get*o*ry (?), n. Something
made of, or covered with, parget, or plaster.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Par*he"lic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to parhelia.
Par*hel"ion (?), n.; pl.
Parhelia (#). [L.
parelion, Gr. A mock sun appearing in the form of a bright
light, sometimes near the sun, and tinged with colors like the
rainbow, and sometimes opposite to the sun. The latter is usually
called an anthelion. Often several mock suns appear at
the same time. Cf. Paraselene.
\'d8Par*he"li*um (?), n. See
Parhelion.
Par"i- (?). [L. par,
paris, equal.] A combining form signifying
equal; as, paridigitate,
paripinnate.
Pa"ri*ah (?), n. [From Tamil
paraiyan, pl. paraiyar, one of the low
caste, fr. parai a large drum, because they beat the
drums at certain festivals.]
1. One of an aboriginal people of Southern India,
regarded by the four castes of the Hindoos as of very low grade.
They are usually the serfs of the Sudra agriculturalists. See
Caste.
Balfour (Cyc. of India).
2. An outcast; one despised by society.
Pariah dog (Zo\'94l.), a mongrel
race of half-wild dogs which act as scavengers in Oriental
cities. -- Pariah kite (Zo\'94l.),
a species of kite (Milvus govinda) which acts as a
scavenger in India.
Pa*ri"al (?), n. See Pair
royal, under Pair, n.
Pa"ri*an (?), a. [L.
Parius.] Of or pertaining to Paros, an
island in the \'92gean Sea noted for its excellent statuary
marble; as, Parian marble.
Parian chronicle, a most ancient chronicle of
the city of Athens, engraved on marble in the Isle of Paros, now
among the Arundelian marbles.
Pa"ri*an, n. 1. A native or
inhabitant of Paros.
2. A ceramic ware, resembling unglazed porcelain
biscuit, of which are made statuettes, ornaments, etc.
\'d8Par`i*dig`i*ta"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Pari-, and Digitate.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Artiodactyla.
Par`j*dig"i*tate (?), a.
(Anat.) Having an evennumber of digits on the
hands or the feet.
Qwen.
\'d8Pa"ri*es (?), n.; pl.
Parietes (#). [See
Parietes.] (Zo\'94l.) The
triangular middle part of each segment of the shell of a
barnacle.
Pa*ri"e*tal (?), a. [L.
parietalis, fr. paries, -ietis,
a wall: cf. F. pari\'82tal. Cf. Parietary,
Pellitory.]
1. Of or pertaining to a wall; hence, pertaining to
buildings or the care of them.
2. Resident within the walls or buildings of a
college.
At Harvard College, the officers resident within the college
walls constitute a permanent standing committee, called the
Parietal Committee.
B. H. Hall (1856).
3. (Anat.) (a) Of pertaining to
the parietes. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in
the region of, the parietal bones, which form the upper and
middle part of the cranium, between the frontals and
occipitals.
4. (Bot.) Attached to the main wall of
the ovary, and not to the axis; -- said of a placenta.
Pa*ri"e*tal, n. 1.
(Anat.) One of the parietal bones.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the special scales,
or plates, covering the back of the head in certain reptiles and
fishes.
Pa*ri"e*ta*ry (?), a. See
Parietal, 2.
Pa*ri"e*ta*ry, n. [L.
parietaria, fr. parietarius parietal. Cf.
Pellitory, Parietal.] (Bot.)
Any one of several species of Parietaria. See 1st
Pellitory.
\'d8Pa*ri"e*tes (?), n. pl. [L.
paries a wall.]
1. (Anat.) The walls of a cavity or an
organ; as, the abdominal parietes; the
parietes of the cranium.
2. (Bot.) The sides of an ovary or of a
capsule.
Pa`ri*et"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid
found in the lichen Parmelia parietina, and called
also chrysophanic acid.
Pa*ri"e*tine (?), n. [L.
parietinus parietal: cf. parietinae ruined
walls.] A piece of a fallen wall; a ruin.
[Obs.]
Burton.
Pa*ri"e*to- (. (Anat.) A
combining form used to indicate connection with, or
relation to, the parietal bones or the parietal
segment of the skull; as, the parieto-mastoid
suture.
Pa*rig"e*nin (?), n.
[Parillin + -gen +
-in.] (Chem.) A curdy white
substance, obtained by the decomposition of parillin.
Pa*ril"lin (?), n. [Shortened
fr. sarsaparillin.] (Chem.) A
glucoside resembling saponin, found in the root of sarsaparilla,
smilax, etc., and extracted as a bitter white crystalline
substance; -- called also smilacin,
sarsaparilla saponin, and
sarsaparillin.
Par"ing (?), n. [From
Pare, v. t.] 1. The act
of cutting off the surface or extremites of anything.
2. That which is pared off.
Pope.
Pare off the surface of the earth, and with the
parings raise your hills.
Mortimer.
Par`i*pin"nate (?), a.
[Pari- + pinnate.]
(Bot.) Pinnate with an equal number of leaflets
on each side; having no odd leaflet at the end.
Par"is (?), n. [From
Paris, the son of Priam.] (Bot.)
A plant common in Europe (Paris quadrifolia);
herb Paris; truelove. It has been used as a narcotic.
Trillium, but has usually four leaves and a
tetramerous flower.
Par"is, n. The chief city of
France.
Paris green. See under Green,
n. -- Paris white (Chem.),
purified chalk used as a pigment; whiting; Spanish
white.
Par"ish (?), n. [OE.
parishe, paresche, parosche, OF.
paroisse, parosse, paroiche, F.
paroisse, L. parochia, corrupted fr.
paroecia, Gr. vicus
village. See Vicinity, and cf.
Parochial.]
1. (Eccl. & Eng. Law) (a) That
circuit of ground committed to the charge of one parson or vicar,
or other minister having cure of souls therein.
Cowell. (b) The same district,
constituting a civil jurisdiction, with its own officers and
regulations, as respects the poor, taxes, etc.
Mozley & W.
2. An ecclesiastical society, usually not bounded
by territorial limits, but composed of those persons who choose
to unite under the charge of a particular priest, clergyman, or
minister; also, loosely, the territory in which the members of a
congregation live. [U. S.]
3. In Louisiana, a civil division corresponding to
a county in other States.
Par"ish, a. Of or pertaining to a
parish; parochial; as, a parish church;
parish records; a parish priest;
maintained by the parish; as, parish
poor.
Dryden.
Parish clerk. (a) The clerk or
recording officer of a parish. (b) A layman who
leads in the responses and otherwise assists in the service of
the Church of England. -- Parish court, in
Louisiana, a court in each parish.
Par"ish*en (?), n. A
parishioner. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pa*rish"ion*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a parish; parochial. [R.]
Bp. Hall.
Pa*rish"ion*er (?), n. [F.
paroissien, LL. parochianus.]
One who belongs to, or is connected with, a parish.
Pa*ri"sian (?), n. [Cf. F.
parisen.] A native or inhabitant of Paris,
the capital of France.
Pa*ri"sian, a. Of or pertaining to
Paris.
\'d8Pa`ri`si`enne" (?), n.
[F.] A female native or resident of Paris.
Par`i*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The
use of equivocal or ambiguous words. [R.]
{ Par`i*syl*lab"ic (?),
Par`i*syl*lab"ic*al (?), } a.
[Pari- + syllabic, -ical:
cf. F. parisyllabique.] Having the same
number of syllables in all its inflections.
Par"i*tor (?), n. [Abbrev. fr.
apparitor: cf. L. paritor a servant,
attendant.] An apparitor. \'bdSummoned by an
host of paritors.\'b8
Dryden.
Par"i*to*ry (?), n.
Pellitory. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Par"i*ty (?), n. [L.
paritas, fr. par, paris, equal:
cf. F. parit\'82. See Pair, Peer an
equal.] The quality or condition of being equal or
equivalent; A like state or degree; equality; close
correspondence; analogy; as, parity of
reasoning. \'bdNo parity of principle.\'b8
De Quincey.
Equality of length and parity of numeration.
Sir T. Browne.
Park (?), n. [AS.
pearroc, or perh. rather fr. F. parc; both
being of the same origin; cf. LL. parcus,
parricus, Ir. & Gael. pairc, W.
park, parwg. Cf. Paddock an
inclosure, Parrock.] 1. (Eng.
Law) A piece of ground inclosed, and stored with
beasts of the chase, which a man may have by prescription, or the
king's grant.
Mozley & W.
2. A tract of ground kept in its natural state,
about or adjacent to a residence, as for the preservation of
game, for walking, riding, or the like.
Chaucer.
While in the park I sing, the listening deer
Attend my passion, and forget to fear.
Waller.
3. A piece of ground, in or near a city or town,
inclosed and kept for ornament and recreation; as, Hyde
Park in London; Central Park in New
York.
4. (Mil.) A space occupied by the
animals, wagons, pontoons, and materials of all kinds, as
ammunition, ordnance stores, hospital stores, provisions, etc.,
when brought together; also, the objects themselves; as, a
park of wagons; a park of artillery.
5. A partially inclosed basin in which oysters are
grown. [Written also parc.]
Park of artillery. See under
Artillery. -- Park phaeton, a small,
low carriage, for use in parks.
Park, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Parked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Parking.] 1. To inclose in a
park, or as in a park.
How are we parked, and bounded in a pale.
Shak.
2. (Mil.) To bring together in a park,
or compact body; as, to park the artillery, the
wagons, etc.
Park"er (?), n, The keeper of a
park.
Sir M. Hale.
\'d8Par*ke"ri*a (?), n. [NL. So
named from W. K. Parker, a British
zo\'94logist.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of large
arenaceous fossil Foraminifera found in the Cretaceous rocks. The
species are globular, or nearly so, and are of all sizes up to
that of a tennis ball.
<-- p. 1044 -->
Parkes"ine (?), n. [So called
from Mr. Parkes, the inventor.] A compound,
originally made from gun cotton and castor oil, but later from
different materials, and used as a substitute for vulcanized
India rubber and for ivory; -- called also
xylotile.
Park"leaves` (?), n.
(Bot.) A European species of Saint John's-wort;
the tutsan. See Tutsan.
Par"lance (?), n. [OF., fr. F.
parler to speak. See Parley.]
Conversation; discourse; talk; diction; phrase; as, in
legal parlance; in common parlance.
A hate of gossip parlance and of sway.
Tennyson.
{ \'d8Par*lan"do (?),
\'d8Par*lan"te (?), } a. &
adv. [It.] (Mus.) Speaking; in a
speaking or declamatory manner; to be sung or played in the style
of a recitative.
Parle (?), v. i. [F.
parler. See Parley.] To talk; to
converse; to parley. [Obs.]
Shak.
Finding himself too weak, began to parle.
Milton.
Parle, n. Conversation; talk;
parley. [Obs.]
They ended parle, and both addressed for fight.
Milton.
Par"ley (?), n.; pl.
Parleys (#). [F. parler
speech, talk, fr. parler to speak, LL.
parabolare, fr. L. parabola a comparison,
parable, in LL., a word. See Parable, and cf.
Parliament, Parlor.] Mutual
discourse or conversation; discussion; hence, an oral conference
with an enemy, as with regard to a truce.
We yield on parley, but are stormed in vain.
Dryden.
To beat a parley (Mil.), to beat a
drum, or sound a trumpet, as a signal for holding a conference
with the enemy.
Par"ley, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Parleyed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Parleying.] To speak with
another; to confer on some point of mutual concern; to discuss
orally; hence, specifically, to confer orally with an enemy; to
treat with him by words, as on an exchange of prisoners, an
armistice, or terms of peace.
They are at hand,
To parley or to fight; therefore prepare.
Shak.
Par"lia*ment (?), n. [OE.
parlement, F. parlement, fr.
parler to speak; cf. LL. parlamentum,
parliamentum. See Parley.] 1.
A parleying; a discussion; a conference.
[Obs.]
But first they held their parliament.
Rom. of R.
2. A formal conference on public affairs; a general
council; esp., an assembly of representatives of a nation or
people having authority to make laws.
They made request that it might be lawful for them to summon a
parliament of Gauls.
Golding.
3. The assembly of the three estates of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, viz., the lords spiritual,
lords temporal, and the representatives of the commons, sitting
in the House of Lords and the House of Commons, constituting the
legislature, when summoned by the royal authority to consult on
the affairs of the nation, and to enact and repeal laws.
4. In France, before the Revolution of 1789, one of
the several principal judicial courts.
Parliament heel, the inclination of a ship
when made to careen by shifting her cargo or ballast. --
Parliament hinge (Arch.), a hinge with
so great a projection from the wall or frame as to allow a door
or shutter to swing back flat against the wall. --
Long Parliament, Rump
Parliament. See under Long, and
Rump.
Par`lia*men"tal (?), a.
Parliamentary. [Obs.]
Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of
or pertaining to Parliament.
Wood.
Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an, n. 1.
(Eng. Hist.) One who adhered to the Parliament,
in opposition to King Charles I.
Walpole.
2. One versed in the rules and usages of Parliament
or similar deliberative assemblies; as, an accomplished
parliamentarian.
Par`lia*men"ta*ri*ly (?), adv.
In a parliamentary manner.
Par`lia*men"ta*ry (?), a. [Cf.
F. parlementaire.]
1. Of or pertaining to Parliament; as,
parliamentary authority.
Bacon.
2. Enacted or done by Parliament; as, a
parliamentary act.
Sir M. Hale.
3. According to the rules and usages of Parliament
or of deliberative bodies; as, a parliamentary
motion.
Parliamentary agent, a person, usually a
solicitor, professionally employed by private parties to explain
and recommend claims, bills, etc., under consideration of
Parliament. [Eng.] -- Parliamentary
train, one of the trains which, by act of
Parliament, railway companies are required to run for the
conveyance of third-class passengers at a reduced rate.
[Eng.]
Par"lor (?), n. [OE.
parlour, parlur, F. parloir, LL.
parlatorium. See Parley.]
[Written also parlour.] A room for
business or social conversation, for the reception of guests,
etc. Specifically: (a) The apartment in a
monastery or nunnery where the inmates are permitted to meet and
converse with each other, or with visitors and friends from
without. Piers Plowman. (b) In large
private houses, a sitting room for the family and for familiar
guests, -- a room for less formal uses than the drawing-room.
Esp., in modern times, the dining room of a house having few
apartments, as a London house, where the dining parlor is usually
on the ground floor. (c) Commonly, in the
United States, a drawing-room, or the room where visitors are
received and entertained.
parlor, as they called it of old and
till recently.\'b8
Fitzed. Hall.
Parior car. See Palace car, under
Car.
Par"lous (?), a. [For
perlous, a contr. fr. perilous.]
1. Attended with peril; dangerous; as, a
parlous cough. [Archaic] \'bdA
parlous snuffing.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
2. Venturesome; bold; mischievous; keen.
[Obs.] \'bdA parlous boy.\'b8
Shak. \'bdA parlous wit.\'b8
Dryden. -- Par"lous*ly,
adv. [Obs.] -- Par"lous*ness,
n. [Obs.]
Par`me*san" (?), a. [F.
parmesan, It. parmigiano.] Of or
pertaining to Parma in Italy.
Parmesan cheese, a kind of cheese of a rich
flavor, though from skimmed milk, made in Parma, Italy.
\'d8Par*nas"si*a (?), n.
[NL.] (Bot.) A genus of herbs growing
in wet places, and having white flowers; grass of
Parnassus.
Par*nas"sian (?), a. [L.
Parnassius.] Of or pertaining to
Parnassus.
Par*nas"sian, n. [See
Parnassus.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of
numerous species of butterflies belonging to the genus
Parnassius. They inhabit the mountains, both in the
Old World and in America.
Par*nas"sus (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. (Anc. Geog. & Gr. Myth.) A
mountain in Greece, sacred to Apollo and the Muses, and famous
for a temple of Apollo and for the Castalian spring.
Grass of Parnassus. (Bot.) See
under Grass, and Parnassia. -- To
climb Parnassus, to write poetry.
[Colloq.]
Par`oc*cip"i*tal (?), a. [Pref.
para- + occipital.]
(Anat.) Situated near or beside the occipital
condyle or the occipital bone; paramastoid; -- applied especially
to a process of the skull in some animals.
Pa*ro"chi*al (?), a. [LL.
parochialis, from L. parochia. See
Parish.] Of or pertaining to a parish;
restricted to a parish; as, parochial
duties. \'bdParochial pastors.\'b8 Bp.
Atterbury. Hence, limited; narrow. \'bdThe
parochial mind.\'b8 W. Black.
Pa*ro"chi*al*ism (?), n. The
quality or state of being parochial in form or nature; a system
of management peculiar to parishes.
Pa*ro`chi*al"i*ty (?), n. The
state of being parochial. [R.]
Sir J. Marriot.
Pa*ro"chi*al*ize (?), v. t. To
render parochial; to form into parishes.
Pa*ro"chi*al*ly, adv. In a parochial
manner; by the parish, or by parishes.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
Pa*ro"chi*an (?), a. [See
Parochial, Parishioner.]
Parochial. [Obs.]
\'bdParochian churches.\'b8
Bacon.
Pa*ro"chi*an, n. [LL.
parochianus.] A parishioner.
[Obs.]
Ld. Burleigh.
{ Pa*rod"ic (?), Pa*rod"ic*al
(?), } a. [Gr. parodique.] Having the character of
parody.
Very paraphrastic, and sometimes parodical.
T. Warton.
Par"o*dist (?), n. [Cf. F.
parodiste.] One who writes a parody; one
who parodies.
Coleridge.
Par"o*dy (?), n.; pl.
Parodies (#). [L.
parodia, Gr. parodie. See Para-, and Ode.]
1. A writing in which the language or sentiment of
an author is mimicked; especially, a kind of literary pleasantry,
in which what is written on one subject is altered, and applied
to another by way of burlesque; travesty.
The lively parody which he wrote . . . on Dryden's
\'bdHind and Panther\'b8 was received with great applause.
Macaulay.
2. A popular maxim, adage, or proverb.
[Obs.]
Par"o*dy, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Parodied (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Parodying.] [Cf. F.
parodier.] To write a parody upon; to
burlesque.
I have translated, or rather parodied, a poem of
Horace.
Pope.
Par"o*ket` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Paroquet.
Pa*rol" (?), n. [See
Parole, the same word.]
1. A word; an oral utterance.
[Obs.]
2. (Law) Oral declaration; word of
mouth; also, a writing not under seal.
Blackstone.
Pa*rol", a. Given or done by word of
mouth; oral; also, given by a writing not under seal; as,
parol evidence.
Parol arrest (Law), an arrest in
pursuance of a verbal order from a magistrate. -- Parol
contract (Law), any contract not of record
or under seal, whether oral or written; a simple
contract.
Chitty. Story.
Pa*role" (?), n. [F.
parole. See Parley, and cf.
Parol.] 1. A word; an oral
utterance. [Obs.]
2. Word of promise; word of honor; plighted faith;
especially (Mil.), promise, upon one's faith and
honor, to fulfill stated conditions, as not to bear arms against
one's captors, to return to custody, or the like.
This man had forfeited his military parole.
Macaulay.
3. (Mil.) A watchword given only to
officers of guards; -- distinguished from countersign,
which is given to all guards.
4. (Law) Oral declaration. See lst
Parol, 2.
Pa*role", a. See 2d
Parol.
Pa*role", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Paroled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Paroling.] (Mil.)
To set at liberty on parole; as, to parole
prisoners.
Par`o*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. fr.
Homologous.] (Rhet.) A
concession to an adversary in order to strengthen one's own
argument.
\'d8Par`o*no*ma"si*a (?), n.
[L., fr. Gr.
(Rhet.) A play upon words; a figure by which the
same word is used in different senses, or words similar in sound
are set in opposition to each other, so as to give antithetical
force to the sentence; punning.
Dryden.
{ Par`o*no*mas"tic (?),
Par`o*no*mas"tic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to paronomasia; consisting in a play upon
words.
Par`o*nom"a*sy (?), n. [Cf. F.
paronomasie.] Paronomasia.
[R.]
B. Jonson.
\'d8Par`o*nych"i*a (?), n. [L.,
fr. Gr.
(Med.) A whitlow, or felon.
Quincy.
Par"o*nym (?), n. A paronymous
word. [Written also paronyme.]
Pa*ron"y*mous (?), a. [Gr. 1. Having the
same derivation; allied radically; conjugate; -- said of certain
words, as man, mankind, manhood,
etc.
2. Having a similar sound, but different
orthography and different meaning; -- said of certain words, as
al and awl; hair and
hare, etc.
Pa*ron"y*my, n. The quality of being
paronymous; also, the use of paronymous words.
\'d8Par`o*\'94ph"o*ron (?), n.
[NL., from Gr. Para-) + (Anat.) A small mass of tubules
near the ovary in some animals, and corresponding with the
parepididymis of the male.
Par"o*quet` (?), n. [F.
perroquet, or Sp. periquito; both prob.
orig. meaning, little Peter. See Parrot.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Parrakeet.
[Written also paroket, parroquet,
and perroquet.]
Paroquet auk auklet
(Zo\'94l.), a small auk (Cyclorrhynchus
psittaculus) inhabiting the coast and islands of Alaska.
The upper parts are dark slate, under parts white, bill orange
red. Called also perroquet auk.
\'d8Pa*ror"chis (?), n. [NL.
See Para-, and Orchis.]
(Anat.) The part of the epididymis; or the
corresponding part of the excretory duct of the testicle, which
is derived from the Wolffian body.
Pa*ros"te*al (?), (Physiol.) Of
or pertaining to parostosis; as, parosteal
ossification.
\'d8Par`os*to"sis (?), n. [NL.
See Para-, and Ostosis.]
(Physiol.) Ossification which takes place in
purely fibrous tracts; the formation of bone outside of the
periosteum.
Par`os*tot"ic (?), a.
Pertaining to parostosis.
Pa*rot"ic (?), a. [See
Parotid.] (Anat.) On the side of
the auditory capsule; near the external ear.
Parotic region (Zo\'94l.), the
space around the ears.
Pa*rot"id (?), a. [L.
parotis, -idis, Gr. parotide. ]
(Anat.) (a) Situated near the ear; --
applied especially to the salivary gland near the ear.
(b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the
parotid gland.
Parotid gland (Anat.), one of the
salivary glands situated just in front of or below the ear. It is
the largest of the salivary glands in man, and its duct opens
into the interior of the mouth opposite the second molar of the
upper jaw.
Pa*rot"id, n. (Anat.) The
parotid gland.
Par`o*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See
Parotid, and -itis.] (Med.)
Inflammation of the parotid glands.
Epidemic, Infectious,
parotitis, mumps.
Par"o*toid (?), a.
[Parotid + -oid.]
(Anat.) Resembling the parotid gland; -- applied
especially to cutaneous glandular elevations above the ear in
many toads and frogs. -- n. A
parotoid gland.
\'d8Pa*rou"si*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. Parusia.] (a) The
nativity of our Lord. (b) The last day.
Shipley.
\'d8Par`o*va"ri*um (?), n. [NL.
See Para-, and Ovarium.]
(Anat.) A group of tubules, a remnant of the
Wolffian body, often found near the ovary or oviduct; the
epo\'94phoron.
Par"ox*ysm (?), n. [F.
paroxysme, Gr.
1. (Med.) The fit, attack, or
exacerbation, of a disease that occurs at intervals, or has
decided remissions or intermissions.
Arbuthnot.
2. Any sudden and violent emotion; spasmodic
passion or action; a convulsion; a fit.
The returning paroxysms of diffidence and
despair.
South.
Par`ox*ys"mal (?), a. Of the
nature of a paroxysm; characterized or accompanied by paroxysms;
as, a paroxysmal pain; paroxysmal
temper. -- Par`ox*ys"mal*ly,
adv.
Par*ox"y*tone (?), n. [Gr. a.
See Para-, and Oxytone.]
(Gr. Gram.) A word having an acute accent on the
penultimate syllable.
Par*quet" (?), n. [F. See
Parquetry.]
1. A body of seats on the floor of a music hall or
theater nearest the orchestra; but commonly applied to the whole
lower floor of a theater, from the orchestra to the dress circle;
the pit.
2. Same as Parquetry.
Par"quet*age (?), n. See
Parquetry.
Par"quet*ed, a. Formed in parquetry;
inlaid with wood in small and differently colored figures.
One room parqueted with yew, which I liked
well.
Evelyn.
Par"quet*ry (?), n. [F.
parqueterie, fr. parquet inlaid flooring,
fr. parquet, dim. of parc an inclosure. See
Park.] A species of joinery or cabinet-work
consisting of an inlay of geometric or other patterns, generally
of different colors, -- used especially for floors.
Par*quette" (?), n. See
Parquet.
Parr (?), n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir.
bradan a salmon.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A young salmon in the stage when it has dark
transverse bands; -- called also samlet,
skegger, and
fingerling. (b) A young
leveret.
<-- p. 1045 -->
{ Par"ra*keet` (?), Par"a*keet`
}, n. [See Paroquet.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small
parrots having a graduated tail, which is frequently very long;
-- called also paroquet and
paraquet.
Paleornis; others belong to
Polytelis, Platycercus,
Psephotus, Euphema, and allied genera. The
American parrakeets mostly belong to the genus
Conurus, as the Carolina parrakeet (C.
Carolinensis).
{ Par"ral (?), Par"rel
(?), } n. [F. appareil.
See Apparel, n.] 1.
(Naut.) The rope or collar by which a yard or
spar is held to the mast in such a way that it may be hoisted or
lowered at pleasure.
Totten.
2. A chimney-piece.
Halliwell.
\'d8Par*ra"qua (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A curassow of the genus
Ortalida, allied to the guan.
\'d8Par*rhe"si*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr.
(Rhet.) Boldness or freedom of speech.
Par"ri*ci`dal (?), a. [L.
parricidalis, parricidialis. See
Parricide.] Of or pertaining to parricide;
guilty of parricide.
Par"ri*cide (?), n. [F., fr. L.
parricida; pater father +
caedere to kill. See Father,
Homicide, and cf. Patricide.]
1. Properly, one who murders one's own father; in a
wider sense, one who murders one's father or mother or any
ancestor.
2. [L. parricidium.] The act
or crime of murdering one's own father or any ancestor.
Par`ri*cid"i*ous (?), a.
Parricidal. [Obs.]
Par"rock (?), n. [AS.
pearruc, pearroc. See Park.]
A croft, or small field; a paddock. [Prov.
Eng.]
Par"rot (?), n. [Prob. fr. F.
Pierrot, dim. of Pierre Peter. F.
pierrot is also the name of the sparrow. Cf.
Paroquet, Petrel, Petrify.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) In a general sense, any
bird of the order Psittaci.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of
Psittacus, Chrysotis, Pionus,
and other genera of the family Psittacid\'91, as
distinguished from the parrakeets, macaws, and lories. They have
a short rounded or even tail, and often a naked space on the
cheeks. The gray parrot, or jako (P. erithacus) of
Africa (see Jako), and the species of Amazon, or green,
parrots (Chrysotis) of America, are examples. Many
species, as cage birds, readily learn to imitate sounds, and to
repeat words and phrases.
Carolina parrot (Zo\'94l.), the
Carolina parrakeet. See Parrakeet. --
Night parrot, Owl parrot.
(Zo\'94l.) See Kakapo. --
Parrot coal, cannel coal; -- so called from the
crackling and chattering sound it makes in burning.
[Eng. & Scot.] -- Parrot green.
(Chem.) See Scheele's green, under
Green, n. -- Parrot weed
(Bot.), a suffrutescent plant (Bocconia
frutescens) of the Poppy family, native of the warmer parts
of America. It has very large, sinuate, pinnatifid leaves, and
small, panicled, apetalous flowers. -- Parrot
wrasse, Parrot fish
(Zo\'94l.), any fish of the genus
Scarus. One species (S. Cretensis), found
in the Mediterranean, is esteemed by epicures, and was highly
prized by the ancient Greeks and Romans.
Par"rot, v. t. To repeat by rote, as a
parrot.
Par"rot, v. i. To chatter like a
parrot.
Par"rot*er (?), n. One who
simply repeats what he has heard. [R.]
J. S. Mill.
Par"rot*ry (?), n. Servile
imitation or repetition. [R.]
Coleridge. \'bdThe supine parrotry.\'b8
Fitzed. Hall.
Par"rot's-bill` (?), n. [So
called from the resemblance of its curved superior petal to a
parrot's bill.] (Bot.) The glory pea. See
under Glory.
Par"ry (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Parried
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Parrying.] [F. par\'82, p.
p. of parer. See Pare, v.
t.]
1. To ward off; to stop, or to turn aside; as,
to parry a thrust, a blow, or anything that means or
threatens harm.
Locke.
Vice parries wide
The undreaded volley with a sword of straw.
Cowper.
2. To avoid; to shift or put off; to evade.
The French government has parried the payment of
our claims.
E. Everett.
Par"ry, v. i. To ward off, evade, or
turn aside something, as a blow, argument, etc.
Locke.
Par"ry, n.; pl. Parries
(. A warding off of a thrust or blow, as
in sword and bayonet exercises or in boxing; hence, figuratively,
a defensive movement in debate or other intellectual
encounter.
Parse (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Parsed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Parsing.]
[L. pars a part; pars orationis a part
of speech. See Part, n.]
(Gram.) To resolve into its elements, as a
sentence, pointing out the several parts of speech, and their
relation to each other by government or agreement; to analyze and
describe grammatically.
Let him construe the letter into English, and parse
it over perfectly.
Ascham.
Par"see (?), n. [Hind. & Per.
p\'bers\'c6 a Persian, a follower of Zoroaster, a fire
worshiper. Cf. Persian.]
1. One of the adherents of the Zoroastrian or
ancient Persian religion, descended from Persian refugees settled
in India; a fire worshiper; a Gheber.
2. The Iranian dialect of much of the religious
literature of the Parsees.
Par"see*ism (?), n. The
religion and customs of the Parsees.
Pars"er (?), n. One who
parses.
Par`si*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [Cf.
F. parcimonieux. See Parsimony.]
Exhibiting parsimony; sparing in expenditure of money;
frugal to excess; penurious; niggardly; stingy. --
Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. --
Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.
A prodigal king is nearer a tyrant than a
parsimonious.
Bacon.
Extraordinary funds for one campaign may spare us the expense
of many years; whereas a long, parsimonious war will
drain us of more men and money.
Addison.
Syn. -- Covetous; niggardly; miserly; penurious; close;
saving; mean; stingy; frugal. See Avaricious.
Par"si*mo*ny (?), n. [L.
parsimonia, parcimonia; cf.
parcere to spare, parsus sparing: cf. F.
parcimonie.] Closeness or sparingness in
the expenditure of money; -- generally in a bad sense; excessive
frugality; niggardliness.
Bacon.
Awful parsimony presided generally at the
table.
Thackeray.
Syn. -- Economy; frugality; illiberality; covetousness;
closeness; stinginess. See Economy.
Pars"ley (?), n. [OE.
persely, persil, F. persil, L.
petroselinum rock parsley, Gr. Celery.] (Bot.) An
aromatic umbelliferous herb (Carum Petroselinum),
having finely divided leaves which are used in cookery and as a
garnish.
As she went to the garden for parsley, to stuff a
rabbit.
Shak.
Fool's parsley. See under Fool.
-- Hedge parsley, Milk parsley,
Stone parsley, names given to various weeds
of similar appearance to the parsley. -- Parsley
fern (Bot.), a small fern with leaves
resembling parsley (Cryptogramme crispa). --
Parsley piert (Bot.), a small herb
(Alchemilla arvensis) formerly used as a remedy for
calculus.
Pars"nip (?), n. [OE.
parsnepe, from a French form, fr. L.
pastinaca; cf. pastinare to dig up,
pastinum a kind of dibble; cf. OF.
pastenade, pastenaque.]
(Bot.) The aromatic and edible spindle-shaped
root of the cultivated form of the Pastinaca sativa, a
biennial umbelliferous plant which is very poisonous in its wild
state; also, the plant itself.
Cow parsnip. See Cow parsnip. --
Meadow parsnip, the European cow parsnip. --
Poison parsnip, the wild stock of the
parsnip. -- Water parsnip, any plant of the
umbelliferous genus Sium, the species of which are
poisonous.
Par"son (?), n. [OE.
persone person, parson, OF. persone, F.
personne person, LL. persona (sc.
ecclesiae), fr. L. persona a person. See
Person.]
1. (Eng. Eccl. Law) A person who
represents a parish in its ecclesiastical and corporate
capacities; hence, the rector or incumbent of a parochial church,
who has full possession of all the rights thereof, with the cure
of souls.
2. Any clergyman having ecclesiastical preferment;
one who is in orders, or is licensed to preach; a preacher.
He hears the parson pray and preach.
Longfellow.
Parson bird (Zo\'94l.), a New
Zealand bird (Prosthemadera Nov\'91seelandi\'91)
remarkable for its powers of mimicry and its ability to
articulate words. Its color is glossy black, with a curious tuft
of long, curly, white feathers on each side of the throat. It is
often kept as a cage bird.
Par"son*age (?), n. 1.
(Eng. Eccl. Law) A certain portion of lands,
tithes, and offerings, for the maintenance of the parson of a
parish.
2. The glebe and house, or the house only, owned by
a parish or ecclesiastical society, and appropriated to the
maintenance or use of the incumbent or settled pastor.
3. Money paid for the support of a parson.
[Scot.]
What have I been paying stipend and teind,
parsonage and vicarage, for?
Sir W. Scott.
Par"soned (?), a. Furnished
with a parson.
{ Par*son"ic (?), Par*son"ic*al
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to a
parson; clerical.
Vainglory glowed in his parsonic heart.
Colman.
-- Par*son"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Par"son*ish (?), a. Appropriate
to, or like, a parson; -- used in disparagement.
[Colloq.]
Part (?), n. [F.
part, L. pars, gen. partis; cf.
parere to bring forth, produce. Cf. Parent,
Depart, Parcel, Partner,
Party, Portion.] 1. One of
the portions, equal or unequal, into which anything is divided,
or regarded as divided; something less than a whole; a number,
quantity, mass, or the like, regarded as going to make up, with
others, a larger number, quantity, mass, etc., whether actually
separate or not; a piece; a fragment; a fraction; a division; a
member; a constituent.
And kept back part of the price, . . . and brought
a certain part and laid it at the apostles'feet.
Acts v. 2.
Our ideas of extension and number -- do they not contain a
secret relation of the parts ?
Locke.
I am a part of all that I have met.
Tennyson.
2. Hence, specifically: (a) An equal
constituent portion; one of several or many like quantities,
numbers, etc., into which anything is divided, or of which it is
composed; proportional division or ingredient.
An homer is the tenth part of an ephah.
Ex. xvi. 36.
A thought which, quartered, hath but one part
wisdom,
And ever three parts coward.
Shak.
(b) A constituent portion of a living or spiritual
whole; a member; an organ; an essential element.
All the parts were formed . . . into one harmonious
body.
Locke.
The pulse, the glow of every part.
Keble.
(c) A constituent of character or capacity;
quality; faculty; talent; -- usually in the plural with a
collective sense. \'bdMen of considerable
parts.\'b8 Burke. \'bdGreat quickness of
parts.\'b8 Macaulay.
Which maintained so politic a state of evil, that they will
not admit any good part to intermingle with them.
Shak.
(d) Quarter; region; district; -- usually in the
plural. \'bdThe uttermost part of the
heaven.\'b8 Neh. i. 9.
All parts resound with tumults, plaints, and
fears.
Dryden.
(e) (Math.) Such portion of any
quantity, as when taken a certain number of times, will exactly
make that quantity; as, 3 is a part of 12; -- the
opposite of multiple. Also, a line or other element of
a geometrical figure.
3. That which belongs to one, or which is assumed
by one, or which falls to one, in a division or apportionment;
share; portion; lot; interest; concern; duty; office.
We have no part in David.
2 Sam. xx. 1.
Accuse not Nature! she hath done her part;
Do thou but thine.
Milton.
Let me bear
My part of danger with an equal share.
Dryden.
4. Hence, specifically: (a) One of the
opposing parties or sides in a conflict or a controversy; a
faction.
For he that is not against us is on our part.
Mark ix. 40.
Make whole kingdoms take her brother's part.
Waller.
(b) A particular character in a drama or a play; an
assumed personification; also, the language, actions, and
influence of a character or an actor in a play; or, figuratively,
in real life. See To act a part, under
Act.
That part
Was aptly fitted and naturally performed.
Shak.
It was a brute part of him to kill so capital a
calf.
Shak.
Honor and shame from no condition rise;
Act well your part, there all the honor lies.
Pope.
(c) (Mus.) One of the different melodies
of a concerted composition, which heard in union compose its
harmony; also, the music for each voice or instrument; as,
the treble, tenor, or bass part; the violin
part, etc.
For my part, so far as concerns me; for my
share. -- For the most part. See under
Most, a. -- In good part,
as well done; favorably; acceptably; in a friendly
manner. Hooker. In ill part,
unfavorably; with displeasure. -- In part,
in some degree; partly. -- Part and parcel,
an essential or constituent portion; -- a reduplicative
phrase. Cf. might and main, kith and
kin, etc. \'bdShe was . . . part and parcel of
the race and place.\'b8 Howitt. -- Part of
speech (Gram.), a sort or class of words of
a particular character; thus, the noun is a part of
speech denoting the name of a thing; the verb is a part
of speech which asserts something of the subject of a
sentence. -- Part owner (Law), one
of several owners or tenants in common. See Joint
tenant, under Joint. -- Part
singing, singing in which two or more of the harmonic
parts are taken. -- Part song, a song in two
or more (commonly four) distinct vocal parts. \'bdA part
song differs from a madrigal in its exclusion of
contrapuntual devices; from a glee, in its being sung by many
voices, instead of by one only, to each part.\'b8 Stainer &
Barrett.
Syn. -- Portion; section; division; fraction; fragment;
piece; share; constituent. See Portion, and
Section.
Part (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Parted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Parting.] [F.
partir, L. partire, partiri, p.
p. partitus, fr. pars, gen.
partis, a part. See Part,
n.]
1. To divide; to separate into distinct parts; to
break into two or more parts or pieces; to sever. \'bdThou
shalt part it in pieces.\'b8
Lev. ii. 6.
There, [celestial love] parted into rainbow
hues.
Keble.
2. To divide into shares; to divide and distribute;
to allot; to apportion; to share.
To part his throne, and share his heaven with
thee.
Pope.
They parted my raiment among them.
John xix. 24.
3. To separate or disunite; to cause to go apart;
to remove from contact or contiguity; to sunder.
The Lord do so to me, and more also, if aught but death
part thee and me.
Ruth i. 17.
While he blessed them, he was parted from them, and
carried up into heaven.
Luke xxiv. 51.
The narrow seas that part
The French and English.
Shak.
4. Hence: To hold apart; to stand between; to
intervene betwixt, as combatants.
The stumbling night did part our weary powers.
Shak.
5. To separate by a process of extraction,
elimination, or secretion; as, to part gold from
silver.
The liver minds his own affair, . . .
And parts and strains the vital juices.
Prior.
6. To leave; to quit. [Obs.]
Since presently your souls must part your
bodies.
Shak.
To part a cable (Naut.), to break
it. -- To part company, to separate, as
travelers or companions.
Part, v. i. 1. To be broken or
divided into parts or pieces; to break; to become separated; to
go asunder; as, rope parts; his hair parts
in the middle.
2. To go away; to depart; to take leave; to quit
each other; hence, to die; -- often with from.
He wrung Bassanio's hand, and so they parted.
Shak.
He owned that he had parted from the duke only a
few hours before.
Macaulay.
His precious bag, which he would by no means part
from.
G. Eliot.
3. To perform an act of parting; to relinquish a
connection of any kind; -- followed by with or
from.
Celia, for thy sake, I part
With all that grew so near my heart.
Waller.
Powerful hands . . . will not part
Easily from possession won with arms.
Milton.
It was strange to him that a father should feel no tenderness
at parting with an only son.
A. Trollope.
4. To have a part or share; to partake.
[Obs.] \'bdThey shall part alike.\'b8
1 Sam. xxx. 24.
Part, adv. Partly; in a measure.
[R.]
Shak.
Part"a*ble (?), a. See
Partible.
Camden.
Part"age (?), n. [F. See
Part, v. & n.]
1. Division; the act of dividing or sharing.
[Obs.]
Fuller.
2. Part; portion; share. [Obs.]
Ford.
Par*take" (?), v. i.
[imp. Partook (?);
p. p. Partaken (; p. pr. &
vb. n. Partaking.]
[Part + take.]
1. To take a part, portion, lot, or share, in
common with others; to have a share or part; to participate; to
share; as, to partake of a feast with
others. \'bdBrutes partake in this
faculty.\'b8
Locke.
When I against myself with thee partake.
Shak.
2. To have something of the properties, character,
or office; -- usually followed by of.
The attorney of the Duchy of Lancaster partakes
partly of a judge, and partly of an attorney-general.
Bacon.
<-- p. 1046 -->
Par*take" (?), v. t. 1.
To partake of; to have a part or share in; to share.
Let every one partake the general joy.
Driden.
2. To admit to a share; to cause to participate; to
give a part to. [Obs.]
Spencer.
3. To distribute; to communicate.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Par*tak"er (?), n. 1.
One who partakes; a sharer; a participator.
Partakers of their spiritual things.
Rom. xv. 27.
Wish me partaker in my happiness.
Shark.
2. An accomplice; an associate; a partner.
[Obs.]
Partakers wish them in the blood of the
prophets.
Matt. xxiii. 30.
Par"tan (?), n. [Cf. Ir. &
Gael. partan.] (Zo\'94l.) An
edible British crab. [Prov. Eng.]
Part"ed (?), a. 1.
Separated; devided.
2. Endowed with parts or abilities.
[Obs.]
B. Jonson.
3. (Bot.) Cleft so that the divisions
reach nearly, but not quite, to the midrib, or the base of the
blade; -- said of a leaf, and used chiefly in composition;
as, three-parted, five-parted,
etc.
Gray.
Part"er (?), n. One who, or
which, parts or separates.
Sir P. Sidney.
Par*terre" (?), n. [F., fr.
par on, by (L. per)+terre earth,
ground, L. terra. See Terrace.]
1. (Hort.) An ornamental and diversified
arrangement of beds or plots, in which flowers are cultivated,
with intervening spaces of gravel or turf for walking on.
2. The pit of a theater; the parquet.
[France]
Par*the"ni*ad (?), n. [See
Parthenic.] A poem in honor of a
virgin. [Obs.]
Par*then"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of or pertaining to the
Spartan Partheni\'91, or sons of unmarried women.
Par`the*no*gen"e*sis (?), n.
[Gr. parqe`nos a virgin + E.
genesis.] 1. (Biol.)
The production of new individuals from virgin females by
means of ova which have the power of developing without the
intervention of the male element; the production, without
fertilization, of cells capable of germination. It is one of the
phenomena of alternate generation. Cf. Heterogamy, and
Metagenesis.
2. (Bot.) The production of seed without
fertilization, believed to occur through the nonsexual formation
of an embryo extraneous to the embrionic vesicle.
Par`the*no*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.)
Of, pertaining to, or produced by, parthenogenesis; as,
parthenogenetic forms. --
Par`the*no*ge*net"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Par`the*no*gen"i*tive (?), a.
(Biol.) Parthenogenetic.
Par`the*nog"e*ny (?), n.
(Biol.) Same as Parthenogenesis.
Par"the*non (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. Parqenw`n, fr.parqe`nos a virgin, i.
e., Athene, the Greek goddess called also Pallas.] A
celebrated marble temple of Athene, on the Acropolis at Athens.
It was of the pure Doric order, and has had an important
influence on art.
\'d8Par*ten"o*pe (?), n. [L.,
the name of a Siren, fr. Gr. 1. (Gr.
Myth.) One of the Sirens, who threw herself into the
sea, in despair at not being able to beguile Ulysses by her
songs.
2. One of the asteroids between Mars and Jupiter,
descovered by M. de Gasparis in 1850.
Par"thi*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to ancient Parthia, in Asia. --
n. A native Parthia.
Parthian arrow, an arrow discharged at an
enemy when retreating from him, as was the custom of the ancient
Parthians; hence, a parting shot.
Par"tial (?), a. [F., fr. LL.
partials, fr. L. pars, gen.
partis, a part; cf. (for sense 1) F.
partiel. See Part, n.]
1. Of, pertaining to, or affecting, a part only;
not general or universal; not total or entire; as, a
partial eclipse of the moon.
\'bdPartial dissolutions of the earth.\'b8
T. Burnet.
2. Inclined to favor one party in a cause, or one
side of a question, more then the other; baised; not indifferent;
as, a judge should not be partial.
Ye have been partial in the law.
Mal. ii. 9.
3. Having a predelection for; inclined to favor
unreasonably; foolishly fond. \'bdA partial
parent.\'b8
Pope.
Not partial to an ostentatious display.
Sir W. Scott.
4. (Bot.) Pertaining to a subordinate
portion; as, a compound umbel is made up of a several
partial umbels; a leaflet is often supported by a
partial petiole.
Partial differentials, Partial
differential coefficients, Partial
differentiation, etc. (of a function of two or
more variables), the differentials, differential coefficients,
differentiation etc., of the function, upon the hypothesis that
some of the variables are for the time constant. --
Partial fractions (Alg.), fractions
whose sum equals a given fraction. -- Partial
tones (Music), the simple tones which in
combination form an ordinary tone; the overtones, or harmonics,
which, blending with a fundamental tone, cause its special
quality of sound, or timbre, or tone color. See, also,
Tone.
Par"tial*ism (?), n.
Partiality; specifically (Theol.), the doctrine
of the Partialists.
Par"tial*ist n. 1. One who is
partial. [R.]
2. (Theol.) One who holds that the
atonement was made only for a part of mankind, that is, for the
elect.
Par`ti*al"i*ty (?; 277), n.
[Cf. F. partialit\'82.] 1.
The quality or state of being partial; inclination to favor
one party, or one side of a question, more than the other; undue
bias of mind.
2. A predilection or inclination to one thing
rather than to others; special taste or liking; as, a
partiality for poetry or painting.
Roget.
Par"tial*ize (?), v. t. & i. To
make or be partial. [R.]
Par"tial*ly adv. 1. In part;
not totally; as, partially true; the sun
partially eclipsed.
Sir T. Browne.
2. In a partial manner; with undue bias of mind;
with unjust favor or dislike; as, to judge
partially.
Shak.
Part`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [From
Partible.] The quality or state of being
partible; divisibility; separability; as, the
partibility of an inherttance.
Part"i*ble (?), a. [L.
partibilis, fr. partire to part, divide,
fr. L. pars: cf. F. partible. See
Part.] Admitting of being parted; divisible;
separable; susceptible of severance or partition; as, an
estate of inheritance may be partible.
\'bdMake the molds partible.\'b8
Bacon.
Par*tic"i*pa*ble (?), a.
Capable of being participated or shared.
[R.]
Norris.
Par*tic"i*pant (?), a. [L.
participans, p.pr. of participare: cf. F.
participant. See Participate.]
Sharing; participating; having a share of part.
Bacon.
Par*tic"i*pant, n. A participator; a
partaker.
Participants in their . . . mysterious rites.
Bp. Warburton.
Par*tic"i*pant*ly, adv. In a participant
manner.
Par*tic"i*pate (?), a. [L.
participatus, p.p. of participare to
participate; pars, partis, part +
capere to take. See Part, and
Capacious.] Acting in common;
participating. [R.]
Shak.
Par*tic"i*pate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Participated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Participating.] Tj have a share in
common with others; to take a part; to partake; -- followed by
in, formely by of; as, to
participate in a debate.
Shak.
So would he participateof their wants.
Hayward.
Mine may come when men
With angels may participate.
Milton.
Par*tic"i*pate, v. t. 1. To
partake of; to share in; to receive a part of.
[R.]
Fit to participate all rational delight.
Milton.
2. To impart, or give, or share of.
[Obs.]
Drayton.
Par*tic`i*pa"tion (?), n. [F.
participation, L. participatio.]
1. The act or state of participating, or sharing in
common with others; as, a participation in joy or
sorrows.
These deities are so by participation.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
What an honor, that God should admit us into such a blessed
participation of himself!
Atterbury.
2. Distribution; division into shares.
[Obs.]
Raleigh.
3. community; fellowship; association.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Par*tic"i*pa*tive (?), a. [Cf.
F. participatif.] Capable of
participating.
Par*tic"i*pa`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who participates, or shares with
another; a partaker.
Par`ti*cip"i*al (?), a. [L.
participialis: cf. E. participal. See
Participle.] Having, or partaking of, the
nature and use of a participle; formed from a participle; as,
a participial noun.
Lowth.
Par`ti*cip"i*al, n. A participial
word.
Par`ti*cip"i*al*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p.p Participialized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Participializing.] To form into, or put
in the form of, a participle. [R.]
Par`ti*cip"i*al*ly, adv. In the sense or
manner of a participle.
Par"ti*ci*ple (?), n. [F.
participe, L. participium, fr.
particeps sharing, participant; pars, gen.
partis, a part + capere to take. See
Participate.] 1. (Gram.)
A part of speech partaking of the nature both verb and
adjective; a form of a verb, or verbal adjective, modifying a
noun, but taking the adjuncts of the verb from which it is
derived. In the sentences: a letter is written;
being asleep he did not hear; exhausted by
toil he will sleep soundly, -- written,
being, and exhaustedare
participles.
By a participle, [I understand] a verb in an
adjectival aspect.
Earle.
Present participles, called also
imperfect, or incomplete,
participles, end in -ing. Past
participles, called also perfect, or
complete, participles, for the most part
end in -ed, -d, -t,
-en, or -n. A participle when used merely
as an attribute of a noun, without reference to time, is called
an adjective, or a participial adjective;
as, a written constitution; a rolling
stone; the exhausted army. The verbal noun in
-ing has the form of the present participle. See
Verbal noun, under Verbal,
a.
2. Anything that partakes of the nature of
different things. [Obs.]
The participles or confines between plants and
living creatures.
Bacon.
Par"ti*cle (?), n. [L.
particula, dim of pars, gen
partis, a part: cf. F. particule. See
Part, and cf. Parcel.] 1. A
minute part or portion of matter; a morsel; a little bit; an
atom; a jot; as, a particle of sand, of wood, of
dust.
The small size of atoms which unite
To make the smallest particle of light.
Blackmore.
2. Any very small portion or part; the smallest
portion; as, he has not a particle of patriotism or
virtue.
The houses had not given their commissioners authority in the
least particle to recede.
Clarendon.
3. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A crumb or
little piece of concecrated host. (b) The
smaller hosts distributed in the communion of the laity.
Bp. Fitzpatrick.
4. (Gram.) A subordinate word that is
never inflected (a preposition, conjunction, interjection); or a
word that can not be used except in compositions; as,
ward in backward, ly in
lovely.
<-- elementary particle (Physics) -->
Par"ti*col`ored, a. Same as
Party-colored.
Par*tic"u*lar (?), a. [OE.
particuler, F. particulier, L.
particularis. See Particle.]
1. Relating to a part or portion of anything;
concerning a part separated from the whole or from others of the
class; separate; sole; single; individual; specific; as, the
particular stars of a constellation.
Shak.
[/Make] each particular hair to stand an end,
Like quills upon the fretful porpentine.
Shak.
Seken in every halk and every herne
Particular sciences for to lerne.
Chaucer.
2. Of or pertaining to a single person, class, or
thing; belonging to one only; not general; not common; hence,
personal; peculiar; singular. \'bdThine own
particular wrongs.\'b8
Shak.
Wheresoever one plant draweth such a particular
juice out of the earth.
Bacon.
3. Separate or distinct by reason of superiority;
distinguished; important; noteworthy; unusual; special; as,
he brought no particular news; she was the
particular belle of the party.
4. Concerned with, or attentive to, details;
minute; circumstantial; precise; as, a full and
particular account of an accident; hence, nice;
fastidious; as, a man particular in his
dress.
5. (Law) (a) Containing a part
only; limited; as, a particular estate, or one
precedent to an estate in remainder. (b)
Holding a particular estate; as, a particular
tenant.
Blackstone.
6. (Logic) Forming a part of a genus;
relatively limited in extension; affirmed or denied of a part of
a subject; as, a particular proposition; -- opposed
to universal: e. g. (particular
affirmative) Some men are wise; (particular negative)
Some men are not wise.
Particular average. See under
Average. -- Particular Baptist, one
of a branch of the Baptist denomination the members of which hold
the doctrine of a particular or individual election and
reprobation. -- Particular lien (Law),
a lien, or a right to retain a thing, for some charge or
claim growing out of, or connected with, that particular
thing. -- Particular redemption, the doctrine
that the purpose, act, and provisions of redemption are
restricted to a limited number of the human race. See
Calvinism.
Syn. -- Minute; individual; respective; appropriate;
peculiar; especial; exact; specific; precise; critical;
circumstantial. See Minute.
Par*tic"u*lar (?), n. 1.
A separate or distinct member of a class, or part of a
whole; an individual fact, point, circumstance, detail, or item,
which may be considered separately; as, the
particulars of a story.
Particulars which it is not lawful for me to
reveal.
Bacon.
It is the greatest interest of particulars to
advance the good of the community.
L'Estrange.
2. Special or personal peculiarity, trait, or
character; individuality; interest, etc.
[Obs.]
For his particular I'll receive him gladly.
Shak.
If the particulars of each person be
considered.
Milton.
Temporal blessings, whether such as concern the public . . .
or such as concern our particular.
Whole Duty of Man.
3. (Law) One of the details or items of
grounds of claim; -- usually in the pl.; also, a bill
of particulars; a minute account; as, a particular
of premises.
The reader has a particular of the books wherein
this law was written.
Ayliffe.
Bill of particulars. See under Bill.
-- In particular, specially; peculiarly.
\'bdThis, in particular, happens to the lungs.\'b8
Blackmore. -- To go into particulars, to
relate or describe in detail or minutely.
Par*tic"u*lar*ism (?), n. [Cf.
F. particularisme.] 1. A minute
description; a detailed statement. [R.]
2. (Theol.) The doctrine of particular
election.
3. (German Politics) Devotion to the
interests of one's own kingdom or province rather than to those
of the empire.
Par*tic"u*lar*ist, n. [Cf. F.
particulariste.] One who holds to
particularism. -- Par*tic`u*lar*is"tic,
a.
Par*tic`u*lar"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Particularities (#). [Cf. F.
particularit\'82.] 1. The state or
quality of being particular; distinctiveness; circumstantiality;
minuteness in detail.
2. That which is particular; as: (a)
Peculiar quality; individual characteristic;
peculiarity. \'bdAn old heathen altar with this
particularity.\'b8 Addison. (b)
Special circumstance; minute detail; particular.
\'bdEven descending to particularities.\'b8 Sir P.
Sidney. (c) Something of special or private
concern or interest.
Let the general trumpet blow his blast,
Particularities and petty sounds
To cease!
Shak.
Par*tic`u*lar*i*za"tion (?), n.
The act of particularizing.
Coleridge.
Par*tic"u*lar*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Particularized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Particularizing
(?).] [Cf. F.
particulariser.] To give as a particular,
or as the particulars; to mention particularly; to give the
particulars of; to enumerate or specify in detail.
He not only boasts of his parentage as an Israelite, but
particularizes his descent from Benjamin.
Atterbury.
Par*tic"u*lar*ize, v. i. To mention or
attend to particulars; to give minute details; to be
circumstantial; as, to particularize in a
narrative.
Par*tic"u*lar*ly, adv. 1. In a
particular manner; expressly; with a specific reference or
interest; in particular; distinctly.
2. In an especial manner; in a high degree; as,
a particularly fortunate man; a particularly
bad failure.
The exact propriety of Virgil I particularly
regarded as a great part of his character.
Dryden.
Par*tic"u*lar*ment (?), n. A
particular; a detail. [Obs.]
Par*tic"u*late (?), v. t. & i.
[See Particle.] To particularize.
[Obs.]
Par*tic"u*late (?), a. 1.
Having the form of a particle.
2. Referring to, or produced by, particles, such as
dust, minute germs, etc. [R.]
The smallpox is a particulate disease.
Tyndall.
Par"ting (?), a. [From
Part, v.] 1. Serving to
part; dividing; separating.
2. Given when departing; as, a parting
shot; a parting salute. \'bdGive him that
parting kiss.\'b8
Shak.
3. Departing. \'bdSpeed the
parting guest.\'b8
Pope.
4. Admitting of being parted; partible.
Parting fellow, a partner. [Obs.]
Chaucer. -- Parting pulley. See
under Pulley. -- Parting sand
(Founding), dry, nonadhesive sand, sprinkled upon
the partings of a mold to facilitate the separation. --
Parting strip (Arch.), in a sash
window, one of the thin strips of wood let into the pulley stile
to keep the sashes apart; also, the thin piece inserted in the
window box to separate the weights. -- Parting
tool (Mach.), a thin tool, used in turning
or planing, for cutting a piece in two.
<-- p. 1047 -->
Par"ting (?), n. 1.
The act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted;
division; separation. \'bdThe parting of the
way.\'b8
Ezek. xxi. 21.
2. A separation; a leave-taking.
Shak.
And there were sudden partings, such as press
The life from out young hearts.
Byron.
3. A surface or line of separation where a division
occurs.
4. (Founding) The surface of the sand of
one section of a mold where it meets that of another
section.
5. (Chem.) The separation and
determination of alloys; esp., the separation, as by acids, of
gold from silver in the assay button.
6. (Geol.) A joint or fissure, as in a
coal seam.
7. (Naut.) The breaking, as of a cable,
by violence.
8. (Min.) Lamellar separation in a
crystallized mineral, due to some other cause than cleavage, as
to the presence of twinning lamell\'91.
Par"ti*san (?), n. [F., fr. It.
partigiano. See Party, and cf.
Partisan a truncheon.] [Written also
partizan.] 1. An adherent to a
party or faction; esp., one who is strongly and passionately
devoted to a party or an interest. \'bdThe violence of a
partisan.\'b8
Macaulay.
Both sides had their partisans in the colony.
Jefferson.
2. (Mil.) (a) The commander of
a body of detached light troops engaged in making forays and
harassing an enemy. (b) Any member of such a
corps.
Par"ti*san, a. [Written also
partizan.] 1. Adherent to a party
or faction; especially, having the character of blind,
passionate, or unreasonable adherence to a party; as, blinded
by partisan zeal.
2. (Mil.) Serving as a partisan in a
detached command; as, a partisan officer or
corps.
Partisan ranger (Mil.), a member of
a partisan corps.
Par"ti*san, n. [F.
pertuisane, prob. fr. It. partigiana,
influenced in French by OF. pertuisier to pierce. It
was prob. so named as the weapon of some partisans, or
party men. Cf. Partisan one of a corps of light
troops.] A kind of halberd or pike; also, a truncheon;
a staff.
And make him with our pikes and partisans a
grave.
Shak.
Par"ti*san*ship, n. The state of being a
partisan, or adherent to a party; feelings or conduct appropriate
to a partisan.
\'d8Par*ti"ta (?), n.
[It.] (Mus.) A suite; a set of
variations.
Par"tite (?), a. [L.
partitus, p.p. of partire to part, divide,
from pars. See Part, and cf. Party,
a.] (Bot.) Divided nearly to the
base; as, a partite leaf is a simple separated down
nearly to the base.
Par*ti"tion (?), n. [F.
partition, L. partitio. See Part,
v.] 1. The act of parting or
dividing; the state of being parted; separation; division;
distribution; as, the partition of a
kingdom.
And good from bad find no partition.
Shak.
2. That which divides or separates; that by which
different things, or distinct parts of the same thing, are
separated; separating boundary; dividing line or space;
specifically, an interior wall dividing one part or apartment of
a house, an inclosure, or the like, from another; as, a brick
partition; lath and plaster
partitions.
No sight could pass
Betwixt the nice partitions of the grass.
Dryden.
3. A part divided off by walls; an apartment; a
compartment. [R.] \'bdLodged in a small
partition.\'b8
Milton.
4. (Law.) The servance of common or
undivided interests, particularly in real estate. It may be
effected by consent of parties, or by compulsion of law.
5. (Mus.) A score.
Partition of numbers (Math.), the
resolution of integers into parts subject to given
conditions.
Brande & C.
Par*ti"tion (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Partitioned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Partitioning.] 1. To divide
into parts or shares; to divide and distribute; as, to
partition an estate among various heirs.
2. To divide into distinct parts by lines, walls,
etc.; as, to partition a house.
Uniform without, though severally partitioned
within.
Bacon.
Par*ti"tion*ment (?), n. The
act of partitioning.
Par"ti*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
partitif.] (Gram.) Denoting a
part; as, a partitive genitive.
Par"ti*tive, n. (Gram.) A
word expressing partition, or denoting a part.
Par"ti*tive*ly, adv. In a partitive
manner.
Part"let (?), n. [Dim. of
part.] 1. A covering for the neck,
and sometimes for the shoulders and breast; originally worn by
both sexes, but laterby women alone; a ruff.
[Obs.]
Fuller.
2. A hen; -- so called from the ruffing of her neck
feathers. \'bdDame Partlett, the hen.\'b8
Shak.
Part"ly, adv. In part; in some measure
of degree; not wholly. \'bdI partly believe
it.\'b8
1 Cor. xi. 18.
Part"ner (?), n. [For
parcener, influenced by part.]
1. One who has a part in anything with an other; a
partaker; an associate; a sharer. \'bdPartner of his
fortune.\'b8 Shak. Hence: (a) A husband or a
wife. (b) Either one of a couple who dance together.
(c) One who shares as a member of a partnership in the
management, or in the gains and losses, of a business.
My other self, the partner of my life.
Milton.
2. (Law) An associate in any business or
occupation; a member of a partnership. See
Partnership.
3. pl. (Naut.) A framework
of heavy timber surrounding an opening in a deck, to strengthen
it for the support of a mast, pump, capstan, or the like.
Dormant, Silent,
partner. See under Dormant,
a.
Syn. -- Associate; colleague; coadjutor; confederate;
partaker; participator; companion; comrade; mate.
Part"ner, v. t. To associate, to
join. [Obs.]
Shak.
Part"ner*ship, n. 1. The state
or condition of being a partner; as, to be in
partnership with another; to have partnership
in the fortunes of a family or a state.
2. A division or sharing among partners; joint
possession or interest.
Rome, that ne'er knew three lordly heads before,
First fell by fatal partnership of power.
Rowe.
He does possession keep,
And is too wise to hazard partnership.
Dryden.
3. An alliance or association of persons for the
prosecution of an undertaking or a business on joint account; a
company; a firm; a house; as, to form a
partnership.
4. (Law) A contract between two or more
competent persons for joining together their money, goods, labor,
and skill, or any or all of them, under an understanding that
there shall be a communion of profit between them, and for the
purpose of carrying on a legal trade, business, or
adventure.
Kent. Story.
5. (Arith.) See Fellowship,
n., 6.
Limited partnership, a form of partnership in
which the firm consists of one or more general partners, jointly
and severally responsible as ordinary partners, and one or more
special partners, who are not liable for the debts of the
partnership beyond the amount of cash they contribute as
capital. -- Partnership in commendam, the
title given to the limited partnership (F. soci\'82t\'82 en
commandit\'82) of the French law, introduced into the code
of Louisiana. Burrill. -- Silent
partnership, the relation of partnership sustained by a
person who furnishes capital only.
Par*took" (?), imp. of
Partake.
Par"tridge (?), n. [OE.
partriche, pertriche, OF.
pertris, perdriz, F. perdrix, L.
perdix, -icis, fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) 1. Any one of numerous
species of small gallinaceous birds of the genus
Perdix and several related genera of the family
Perdicid\'91, of the Old World. The partridge is noted
as a game bird.
Full many a fat partrich had he in mew.
Chaucer.
Perdix
cinerea) and the red-legged partridge (Caccabis
rubra) of Southern Europe and Asia are well-known
species.
2. Any one of several species of quail-like birds
belonging to Colinus, and allied genera.
[U.S.]
Colinus
Virginianus) of the Eastern States; the plumed, or
mountain, partridge (Oreortyx pictus) of California;
the Massena partridge (Cyrtonyx Montezum\'91); and the
California partridge (Callipepla Californica).
3. The ruffed grouse (Bonasa
umbellus). [New Eng.]
Bamboo partridge (Zo\'94l.), a
spurred partridge of the genus Bambusicola. Several
species are found in China and the East Indies. --
Night partridge (Zo\'94l.), the
woodcock. [Local, U.S.] -- Painted
partridge (Zo\'94l.), a francolin of
South Africa (Francolinus pictus). --
Partridge berry. (Bot.) (a)
The scarlet berry of a trailing american plant
(Mitchella repens) of the order
Rubiace\'91, having roundish evergreen leaves, and
white fragrant flowers sometimes tinged with purple, growing in
pairs with the ovaries united, and producing the berries which
remain over winter; also, the plant itself. (b)
The fruit of the creeping wintergreen (Gaultheria
procumbens); also, the plant itself. -- Partridge
dove (Zo\'94l.) Same as Mountain
witch, under Mountain. -- Partridge
pea (Bot.), a yellow-flowered leguminous
herb (Cassia Cham\'91crista), common in sandy fields
in the Eastern United States. -- Partridge shell
(Zo\'94l.), a large marine univalve shell
(Dolium perdix), having colors variegated like those
of the partridge. -- Partridge wood (a)
A variegated wood, much esteemed for cabinetwork. It is
obtained from tropical America, and one source of it is said to
be the leguminous tree Andira inermis. Called
also pheasant wood. (b) A name
sometimes given to the dark-colored and striated wood of some
kind of palm, which is used for walking sticks and umbrella
handles. -- Sea partridge (Zo\'94l.),
an Asiatic sand partridge (Ammoperdix Bonhami); --
so called from its note. -- Snow partridge
(Zo\'94l.), a large spurred partridge (Lerwa
nivicola) which inhabits the high mountains of Asia.
-- Spruce partridge. See under
Spruce. -- Wood partridge, Hill partridge (Zo\'94l.), any
small Asiatic partridge of the genus
Arboricola.
Par"ture (?), n.
Departure. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Par*tu"ri*ate (?), v. i. [See
Parturient.] To bring forth young.
[Obs.]
Par*tu"ri*en*cy (?), n.
Parturition.
Par*tu"ri*ent (?), a. [L.
parturiens, p.pr. of parturire to desire to
bring forth, fr. parere, partum, to bring
forth. See Parent.] Bringing forth, or about
to bring forth, young; fruitful.
Jer. Tailor.
Par*tu`ri*fa"cient (?), n. [L.
parturire to desire to bring forth + facere
to make.] (Med.) A medicine tending to
cause parturition, or to give relief in childbearing.
Dunglison.
Par*tu"ri*ous (?), a.
Parturient. [Obs.]
Drayton.
Par`tu*ri"tion (?), n. [L.
parturitio, fr. parturire: cf. F.
parturition. See Parturient.]
1. The act of bringing forth, or being delivered
of, young; the act of giving birth; delivery; childbirth.
2. That which is brought forth; a birth.
[Obs.]
Par*tu"ri*tive (?), a.
Pertaining to parturition; obstetric.
[R.]
Par"ty (?), n.; pl.
Parties (#). [F. parti
and partie, fr. F. partir to part, divide,
L. partire, partiri. See Part,
v.] 1. A part or portion.
[Obs.] \'bdThe most party of the
time.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. A number of persons united in opinion or action,
as distinguished from, or opposed to, the rest of a community or
association; esp., one of the parts into which a people is
divided on questions of public policy.
Win the noble Brutus to our party.
Shak.
The peace both parties want is like to last.
Dryden.
3. A part of a larger body of company; a
detachment; especially (Mil.), a small body of troops
dispatched on special service.
4. A number of persons invited to a social
entertainment; a select company; as, a dinner
party; also, the entertainment itself; as, to
give a party.
5. One concerned or interested in an affair; one
who takes part with others; a participator; as, he was a
party to the plot; a party to the
contract.
6. The plaintiff or the defendant in a lawsuit,
whether an individual, a firm, or corporation; a litigant.
The cause of both parties shall come before the
judges.
Ex. xxii. 9.
7. Hence, any certain person who is regarded as
being opposed or antagonistic to another.
It the jury found that the party slain was of
English race, it had been adjudged felony.
Sir J. Davies.
8. Cause; side; interest.
Have you nothing said
Upon this Party 'gainst the Duke of Albany?
Shak.
9. A person; as, he is a queer
party. [Now accounted a
vulgarism.]
\'bdFor several generations, our ancestors largely employed
party for person; but this use of the word,
when it appeared to be reviving, happened to strike, more
particularly, the fancy of the vulgar; and the consequence has
been, that the polite have chosen to leave it in their undisputed
possession.\'b8
Fitzed. Hall.
Party jury (Law), a jury composed
of different parties, as one which is half natives and half
foreigners. -- Party man, a partisan.
Swift. -- Party spirit, a factious
and unreasonable temper, not uncommonly shown by party men.
Whately. -- Party verdict, a joint
verdict. Shak. -- Party wall.
(a) (Arch.) A wall built upon the
dividing line between two adjoining properties, usually having
half its thickness on each property. (b)
(Law) A wall that separates adjoining houses, as
in a block or row.
Par"ty, a. [F. parti divided,
fr. partir to divide. See Part,
v., and cf. Partite.] 1.
(Her.) Parted or divided, as in the direction or
form of one of the ordinaries; as, an escutcheon
party per pale.
2. Partial; favoring one party.<-- partisan
-->
I will be true judge, and not party.
Chaucer.
Charter party. See under
Charter.
Par"ty, adv. Partly.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Par"ty-coat`ed (?), a. Having a
motley coat, or coat of divers colors.
Shak.
{ Par"ty-col`ored, Par"ti-col`ored
} (?), a. Colored with different
tints; variegated; as, a party-colored
flower. \'bdParti-colored lambs.\'b8
Shak.
Par"ty*ism (?), n. Devotion to
party.
Par`um*bil"ic*al (?), a. [Pref.
para- + umbilical.]
(Anat.) Near the umbilicus; -- applied especially
to one or more small veins which, in man, connect the portal vein
with the epigastric veins in the front wall of the abdomen.
\'d8Pa*ru"si*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which
the present tense is used instead of the past or the future, as
in the animated narration of past, or in the prediction of
future, events.
Par`va*nim"i*ty (?), n. [L.
parvus little + animus mind.]
The state or quality of having a little or ignoble mind;
pettiness; meanness; -- opposed to magnanimity.
De Quincey.
Par"ve*nu` (?), n. [F., prop.
p.p. of parvenir to attain to, to succeed, to rise to
high station, L. pervenire to come to; per
through + venire to come. See Par, prep., and
Come.] An upstart; a man newly risen into
notice.
{ Par"vis, Par"vise } (?),
n. [F. parvis, fr. LL.
paravisus, fr. L. paradisus. See
Paradise.] a court of entrance to, or an
inclosed space before, a church; hence, a church porch; --
sometimes formerly used as place of meeting, as for
lawyers.
Chaucer.
{ Par"vi*tude (?), Par"vi*ty
(?), } n. [L. parvitas,
fr. parvus little: cf. OF.
parvit\'82.] Littleness.
[Obs.]
Glanvill. Ray.
Par"vo*lin (?), n. (Physiol.
Chem.) A nonoxygenous ptomaine, formed in the
putrefaction of albuminous matters, especially of horseflesh and
mackerel.
Par"vo*line (?), n.
(Chem.) A liquid base, C
\'d8Pas (?), n. [F. See
Pace.] 1. A pace; a step, as in a
dance.
Chaucer.
2. Right of going foremost; precedence.
Arbuthnot.
Pa"san (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
The gemsbok.
{ Pasch (?), \'d8Pas"cha
(?), } n. [AS. pascha,
L. pascha, Gr. pesach, fr.
p\'besach to pass over: cf. OF. pasque, F.
p\'83que. Cf. Paschal, Paas,
Paque.] The passover; the feast of
Easter.
Pasch egg. See Easter egg, under
Easter. -- Pasch flower. See
Pasque flower, under Pasque.
Pas"chal (?), a. [L.
paschalis: cf. F. pascal. See
Pasch.] Of or pertaining to the passover, or
to Easter; as, a paschal lamb; paschal
eggs.
Longfellow.
Paschal candle (R. C. Ch.), a large
wax candle, blessed and placed on the altar on Holy Saturday, or
the day before Easter. -- Paschal flower. See
Pasque flower, under Pasque.
<-- p. 1048 -->
Pa*seng" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The wild or bezoar goat. See
Goat.
Pash (?), v. t. [Prob. of
imitative origin, or possibly akin to box to fight
with the fists.] To strike; to crush; to smash; to
dash in pieces. [Obs.] P. Plowman.
\'bdI'll pash him o'er the face.\'b8
Shak.
Pash, n. [Scot., the pate. Cf.
Pash, v. t.] 1. The head;
the poll. [R.] \'bdA rough
pash.\'b8
Shak.
2. A crushing blow. [Obs.]
3. A heavy fall of rain or snow. [Prov.
Eng.]
Pa*sha" (?), n. [Turk.
p\'besh\'be, b\'besh\'be; cf. Per.
b\'besh\'be, b\'bedsh\'beh; perh. a
corruption of Per. p\'bedish\'beh. Cf.
Bashaw, Padishah, Shah.] An
honorary title given to officers of high rank in Turkey, as to
governers of provinces, military commanders, etc. The earlier
form was bashaw. [Written also
pacha.]
pasha of three
tails being the highest.
Pa*sha"lic (?), n. [Written
also pachalic.] [Turk.] The
jurisdiction of a pasha.
Pa*shaw" (?), n. See
Pasha.
{ Pas`i*graph"ic (?),
Pas`i*graph"ic*al (?) } a.
Of or pertaining to pasigraphy.
Pa*sig"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. -graphy.] A
system of universal writing, or a manner of writing that may be
understood and used by all nations.
Good.
Pas"i*la`ly (?), n. [Gr. A form
of speech adapted to be used by all mankind; universal
language.
Pask (?), n. [See
Pasque.] See Pasch.
Pas"py (?), n. [F.
passe-pied.] A kind of minuet, in triple
time, of French origin, popular in the reign of Queen Elizabeth
and for some time after; -- called also passing
measure, and passymeasure.
Percy Smith.
Pasque (?), n. [OF.
pasque.] See Pasch.
Pasque flower (Bot.), a name of
several plants of the genus Anemone, section
Pulsatilla. They are perennial herbs with rather large
purplish blossoms, which appear in early spring, or about Easter,
whence the common name. Called also
campana.
Pas"quil (?), n. [It.
pasquillo.] See Pasquin.
[R.]
Pas"quil, v. t. [R.] See
Pasquin.
Pas"quil*ant (?), n. A
lampooner; a pasquiler. [R.]
Coleridge.
Pas"quil*er (?), n. A
lampooner. [R.]
Burton.
Pas"quin (?), n. [It.
pasquino a mutilated statue at Rome, set up against
the wall of the place of the Orsini; -- so called from a witty
cobbler or tailor, near whose shop the statue was dug up. On this
statue it was customary to paste satiric papers.] A
lampooner; also, a lampoon. See Pasquinade.
The Grecian wits, who satire first began,
Were pleasant pasquins on the life of man.
Dryden.
Pas"quin, v. t. To lampoon; to
satiraze. [R.]
To see himself pasquined and affronted.
Dryden.
Pas`quin*ade" (?), n. [F.
pasquinade, It. pasquinata.] A
lampoon or satirical writing.
Macaulay.
Pas`quin*ade", v. t. To lampoon, to
satirize.
Pass (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Passed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Passing.]
[F. passer, LL. passare, fr. L.
passus step, or from pandere,
passum, to spread out, lay open. See
Pace.] 1. To go; to move; to
proceed; to be moved or transferred from one point to another; to
make a transit; -- usually with a following adverb or adverbal
phrase defining the kind or manner of motion; as, to
pass on, by, out, in, etc.; to pass swiftly,
directly, smoothly, etc.; to pass to the rear, under the
yoke, over the bridge, across the field, beyond the border,
etc. \'bdBut now pass over [i.e.,
pass on].\'b8
Chaucer.
On high behests his angels to and fro
Passed frequent.
Milton.
Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths,
And from their bodies passed.
Coleridge.
2. To move or be transferred from one state or
condition to another; to change possession, condition, or
circumstances; to undergo transition; as, the business has
passed into other hands.
Others, dissatisfied with what they have, . . .
pass from just to unjust.
Sir W. Temple.
3. To move beyond the range of the senses or of
knowledge; to pass away; hence, to disappear; to vanish; to
depart; specifically, to depart from life; to die.
Disturb him not, let him pass paceably.
Shak.
Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will
pass.
Dryden.
The passing of the sweetest soul
That ever looked with human eyes.
Tennyson.
4. To move or to come into being or under notice;
to come and go in consciousness; hence, to take place; to occur;
to happen; to come; to occur progressively or in succession; to
be present transitorly.
So death passed upon all men.
Rom. v. 12.
Our own consciousness of what passes within our own
mind.
I. Watts.
5. To go by or glide by, as time; to elapse; to be
spent; as, their vacation passed
pleasantly.
Now the time is far passed.
Mark vi. 35
6. To go from one person to another; hence, to be
given and taken freely; as, clipped coin will not
pass; to obtain general acceptance; to be held or
regarded; to circulate; to be current; -- followed by
for before a word denoting value or estimation.
\'bdLet him pass for a man.\'b8
Shak.
False eloquence passeth only where true is not
understood.
Felton.
This will not pass for a fault in him.
Atterbury.
7. To advance through all the steps or stages
necessary to validity or effectiveness; to be carried through a
body that has power to sanction or reject; to receive legislative
sanction; to be enacted; as, the resolution passed;
the bill passed both houses of Congress.
8. To go through any inspection or test
successfully; to be approved or accepted; as, he attempted
the examination, but did not expect to pass.
9. To be suffered to go on; to be tolerated; hence,
to continue; to live alogn. \'bdThe play may
pass.\'b8
Shak.
10. To go unheeded or neglected; to proceed without
hindrance or opposition; as, we let this act
pass.
11. To go beyond bounds; to surpass; to be in
excess. [Obs.] \'bdThis passes,
Master Ford.\'b8
Shak.
12. To take heed; to care.
[Obs.]
As for these silken-coated slaves, I pass not.
Shak.
13. To go through the intestines.
Arbuthnot.
14. (Law) To be conveyed or transferred
by will, deed, or other instrument of conveyance; as, an
estate passes by a certain clause in a deed.
Mozley & W.
15. (Fencing) To make a lunge or pass;
to thrust.
16. (Card Playing) To decline to play in
one's turn; in euchre, to decline to make the trump.
She would not play, yet must not pass.
Prior.
To bring to pass, To come to
pass. See under Bring, and
Come. -- To pass away, to disappear;
to die; to vanish. \'bdThe heavens shall pass away.\'b8
2 Pet. iii. 10. \'bdI thought to pass away
before, but yet alive I am.\'b8 Tennyson. --
To pass by, to go near and beyond a certain person
or place; as, he passed by as we stood there. --
To pass into, to change by a gradual transmission;
to blend or unite with. -- To pass on, to
proceed. -- To pass on upon. (a) To happen to; to come
upon; to affect. \'bdSo death passed upon all
men.\'b8 Rom. v. 12. \'bdProvided no indirect act
pass upon our prayers to define them.\'b8 Jer.
Taylor. (b) To determine concerning; to give
judgment or sentence upon. \'bdWe may not pass
upon his life.\'b8 Shak. -- To pass
off, to go away; to cease; to disappear; as, an
agitation passes off. -- To pass
over, to go from one side or end to the other; to
cross, as a river, road, or bridge.
Pass (?), v. t. 1. In
simple, transitive senses; as: (a) To go by,
beyond, over, through, or the like; to proceed from one side to
the other of; as, to pass a house, a stream, a
boundary, etc. (b) Hence: To go from one
limit to the other of; to spend; to live through; to have
experience of; to undergo; to suffer. \'bdTo
pass commodiously this life.\'b8
Milton.
She loved me for the dangers I had passed.
Shak.
(c) To go by without noticing; to omit attention
to; to take no note of; to disregard.
Please you that I may pass This doing.
Shak.
I pass their warlike pomp, their proud array.
Dryden.
(d) To transcend; to surpass; to excel; to
exceed.
And strive to pass . . .
Their native music by her skillful art.
Spenser.
Whose tender power
Passes the strength of storms in their most desolate
hour.
Byron.
(e) To go successfully through, as an examination,
trail, test, etc.; to obtain the formal sanction of, as a
legislative body; as, he passed his examination; the
bill passed the senate.
2. In causative senses: as: (a) To cause
to move or go; to send; to transfer from one person, place, or
condition to another; to transmit; to deliver; to hand; to make
over; as, the waiter passed bisquit and cheese; the
torch was passed from hand to hand.
I had only time to pass my eye over the medals.
Addison.
Waller passed over five thousand horse and foot by
Newbridge.
Clarendon.
(b) To cause to pass the lips; to utter; to
pronounce; hence, to promise; to pledge; as, to pass
sentence.
Shak.
Father, thy word is passed.
Milton.
(c) To cause to advance by stages of progress; to
carry on with success through an ordeal, examination, or action;
specifically, to give legal or official sanction to; to ratify;
to enact; to approve as valid and just; as, he
passed the bill through the committee; the senate
passed the law. (e) To put in
circulation; to give currency to; as, to pass
counterfeit money. \'bdPass the happy
news.\'b8 Tennyson. (f) To cause to obtain
entrance, admission, or conveyance; as, to pass a
person into a theater, or over a railroad.
3. To emit from the bowels; to evacuate.
4. (Naut.) To take a turn with (a line,
gasket, etc.), as around a sail in furling, and make
secure.
5. (Fencing) To make, as a thrust,
punto, etc.
Shak.
Passed midshipman. See under Midshipman.
-- To pass a dividend, to omit the declaration and
payment of a dividend at the time when due. -- To pass
away, to spend; to waste. \'bdLest she pass
away the flower of her age.\'b8 Ecclus. xlii.
9.<-- (b) to die --> -- To pass by.
(a) To disregard; to neglect. (b)
To excuse; to spare; to overlook. -- To pass
off, to impose fraudulently; to palm off.
\'bdPassed himself off as a bishop.\'b8
Macaulay. -- To pass (something)
on upon (some one), to put upon
as a trick or cheat; to palm off. \'bdShe passed the
child on her husband for a boy.\'b8
Dryden. -- To pass over, to
overlook; not to note or resent; as, to pass over an
affront.
Pass, n. [Cf. F. pas (for
sense 1), and passe, fr. passer to pass.
See Pass, v. i.] 1. An
opening, road, or track, available for passing; especially, one
through or over some dangerous or otherwise impracticable
barrier; a passageway; a defile; a ford; as, a mountain
pass.
\'bdTry not the pass!\'b8 the old man said.
Longfellow.
2. (Fencing) A thrust or push; an
attempt to stab or strike an adversary.
Shak.
3. A movement of the hand over or along anything;
the manipulation of a mesmerist.
4. (Rolling Metals) A single passage of
a bar, rail, sheet, etc., between the rolls.
5. State of things; condition; predicament.
Have his daughters brought him to this pass.
Shak.
Matters have been brought to this pass.
South.
6. Permission or license to pass, or to go and
come; a psssport; a ticket permitting free transit or admission;
as, a railroad or theater pass; a military
pass.
A ship sailing under the flag and pass of an
enemy.
Kent.
7. Fig.: a thrust; a sally of wit.
Shak.
8. Estimation; character. [Obs.]
Common speech gives him a worthy pass.
Shak.
9. [Cf. Passus.] A part; a
division. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pass boat (Naut.), a punt, or
similar boat. -- Pass book. (a) A
book in which a trader enters articles bought on credit, and then
passes or sends it to the purchaser. (b) See
Bank book. -- Pass box
(Mil.), a wooden or metallic box, used to carry
cartridges from the service magazine to the piece. --
Pass check, a ticket of admission to a place of
entertainment, or of readmission for one who goes away in
expectation of returning.
Pass"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
passable.] 1. Capable of being
passed, traveled, navigated, traversed, penetrated, or the like;
as, the roads are not passable; the stream is
passablein boats.
His body's a passable carcass if it be not hurt; it
is a throughfare for steel.
Shak.
2. Capable of being freely circulated or
disseminated; acceptable; generally receivable; current.
With men as with false money -- one piece is more or less
passable than another.
L'Estrange.
Could they have made this slander passable.
Collier.
3. Such as may be allowed to pass without serious
objection; tolerable; admissable; moderate; mediocre.
My version will appear a passable beauty when the
original muse is absent.
Dryden.
Pass"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being
passable.
Pass"a*bly, adv. Tolerably;
moderately.
{ \'d8Pas`sa*ca*glia (?),
\'d8Pas`sa*ca*glio (?), } n.
[Sp. pasacalle a certain tune on the guitar,
prop., a tune played in passing through the streets.]
(Mus.) An old Italian or Spanish dance tune, in
slow three-four measure, with divisions on a ground bass,
resembling a chaconne.
{ Pas*sade" (?), Pas*sa"do
(?), } n. [F. passade;
cf. Sp. pasada. See Pass, v.
i.] 1. (Fencing) A pass or
thrust.
Shak.
2. (Man.) A turn or course of a horse
backward or forward on the same spot of ground.
Pas"sage (?), n. [F.
passage. See Pass, v. i.]
1. The act of passing; transit from one place to
another; movement from point to point; a going by, over, across,
or through; as, the passage of a man or a carriage;
the passage of a ship or a bird; the passage of
light; the passage of fluids through the pores or
channels of the body.
What! are my doors opposed against my passage!
Shak.
2. Transit by means of conveyance; journey, as by
water, carriage, car, or the like; travel; right, liberty, or
means, of passing; conveyance.
The ship in which he had taken passage.
Macaulay.
3. Price paid for the liberty to pass; fare;
as, to pay one's passage.
4. Removal from life; decease; departure;
death. [R.] \'bdEndure thy mortal
passage.\'b8
Milton.
When he is fit and season'd for his passage.
Shak.
5. Way; road; path; channel or course through or by
which one passes; way of exit or entrance; way of access or
transit. Hence, a common avenue to various apartments in a
building; a hall; a corridor.
And with his pointed dart
Explores the nearest passage to his heart.
Dryden.
The Persian army had advanced into the . . .
passages of Cilicia.
South.
6. A continuous course, process, or progress; a
connected or continuous series; as, the passage of
time.
The conduct and passage of affairs.
Sir J. Davies.
The passage and whole carriage of this action.
Shak.
7. A separate part of a course, process, or series;
an occurrence; an incident; an act or deed. \'bdIn thy
passages of life.\'b8
Shak.
The . . . almost incredible passage of their
unbelief.
South.
8. A particular portion constituting a part of
something continuous; esp., a portion of a book, speech, or
musical composition; a paragraph; a clause.
How commentators each dark passage shun.
Young.
9. Reception; currency. [Obs.]
Sir K. Digby.
10. A pass or en encounter; as, a
passage at arms.
No passages of love
Betwixt us twain henceforward evermore.
Tennyson.
11. A movement or an evacuation of the
bowels.
12. In parliamentary proceedings: (a) The
course of a proposition (bill, resolution, etc.) through the
several stages of consideration and action; as, during its
passage through Congress the bill was amended in both
Houses. (b) The advancement of a bill or other
proposition from one stage to another by an affirmative vote;
esp., the final affirmative action of the body upon a
proposition; hence, adoption; enactment; as, the
passage of the bill to its third reading was
delayed. \'bdThe passage of the Stamp
Act.\'b8
D. Hosack.
The final question was then put upon its
passage.
Cushing.
In passage, in passing; cursorily. \'bdThese .
. . have been studied but in passage.\'b8
Bacon. -- Middle passage,
Northeast passage, Northwest
passage. See under Middle,
Northeast, etc. -- Of passage,
passing from one place, region, or climate, to another;
migratory; -- said especially of birds \'bdBirds of
passage.\'b8 Longfellow. -- Passage
hawk, a hawk taken on its passage or migration. --
Passage money, money paid for conveyance of a
passenger, -- usually for carrying passengers by water.
<-- p. 1049 -->
Syn. -- Vestibule; hall; corridor. See
Vestibule.
Pas"sa*ger (?), n. [See
Passenger.] A passenger; a bird or boat of
passage. [Obs.]
Ld. Berners.
Pas"sage*way` (?), n. A way for
passage; a hall. See Passage, 5.
Pas"sant (?), a. [F., p.pr. of
passer. See Pass, v. i.]
1. Passing from one to another; in circulation;
current. [Obs.]
Many opinions are passant.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Curs [Obs.]
On a passant rewiew of what I wrote to the
bishop.
Sir P. Pett.
3. Surpassing; excelling. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
4. (Her.) Walking; -- said of any animal
on an escutcheon, which is represented as walking with the dexter
paw raised.
{ \'d8Pas`s\'82", masc.
\'d8Pas`s\'82"e, fem. } (?),
a. [F.] Past; gone by; hence, past
one's prime; worn; faded; as, a pass\'82e
belle.
Ld. Lytton.
Passe"garde` (?), n. [F.]
(Anc. Armor) A ridge or projecting edge on a
shoulder piece to turn the blow of a lance or other weapon from
the joint of the armor.
Passe"ment (?), n. [F.]
Lace, gimp, braid etc., sewed on a garment.
Sir W. Scott.
Passe*men"terie (?), n.
[F.] Beaded embroidery for women's dresses.
Pas"sen*ger (?), n. [OE. & F.
passager. See Passage, and cf.
Messenger.] 1. A passer or
passer-by; a wayfarer.
Shak.
2. A traveler by some established conveyance, as a
coach, steamboat, railroad train, etc.
Passenger falcon (Zo\'94l.), a
migratory hawk. Ainsworth. -- Passenger
pigeon (Zo\'94l.), the common wild pigeon of
North America (Ectopistes migratorius), so called on
account of its extensive migrations.<-- now extinct!
-->
\'d8Passe" par`tout" (?), n.
[F., from passer to pass + partout
everywhere.] 1. That by which one can pass
anywhere; a safe-conduct. [Obs.]
Dryden.
2. A master key; a latchkey.
3. A light picture frame or mat of cardboard, wood,
or the like, usually put between the picture and the glass, and
sometimes serving for several pictures.
Pass"er (?), n. One who passes;
a passenger.
Pass`er-by" (?), n. One who
goes by; a passer.
\'d8Pas"se*res (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. passer a sparrow.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order, or suborder, of birds,
including more that half of all the known species. It embraces
all singing birds (Oscines), together with many other small
perching birds.
Pas*ser"i*form (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like or belonging to the
Passeres.
Pas"ser*ine (?), a. [L.
passerinus, fr. passer a sparrow.]
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Passeres.
The columbine, gallinaceous, and passerine tribes
people the fruit trees.
Sydney Smith.
Pas"ser*ine, n. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the Passeres.
Pas`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L.
passibilitas: cf. F. passibilit\'82.]
The quality or state of being passible; aptness to feel or
suffer; sensibility.
Hakewill.
Pas"si*ble (?), a. [L.
passibilis, fr. pati, to suffer: cf. F.
passible. See Passion.]
Susceptible of feeling or suffering, or of impressions from
external agents.
Apolinarius, which held even deity itself
passible.
Hooker.
Pas"si*ble*ness, n. Passibility.
Brerewood.
\'d8Pas"si*flo"ra (?), n. [NL.,
from L. passio passion (fr. pati,
passus, to suffer) + flos,
floris, flower.] (Bot.) A genus
of plants, including the passion flower. It is the type of the
order Passiflore\'91, which includes about nineteen
genera and two hundred and fifty species.
\'d8Pas"sim (?), adv.
[L.] Here and there; everywhere; as, this
word occurs passim in the poem.
Pass"ing (?), n. The act of one
who, or that which, passes; the act of going by or away.
Passing bell, a tolling of a bell to announce
that a soul is passing, or has passed, from its body (formerly
done to invoke prayers for the dying); also, a tolling during the
passing of a funeral procession to the grave, or during funeral
ceremonies.
Sir W. Scott. Longfellow.
Pass"ing, a. 1. Relating to the
act of passing or going; going by, beyond, through, or away;
departing.
2. Exceeding; surpassing, eminent.
Chaucer. \'bdHer passing deformity.\'b8
Shak.
Passing note (Mus.), a character
including a passing tone. -- Passing tone
(Mus.), a tone introduced between two other tones,
on an unaccented portion of a measure, for the sake of smoother
melody, but forming no essential part of the harmony.
Pass"ing, adv. Exceedingly; excessively;
surpassingly; as, passing fair; passing
strange. \'bdYou apprehend passing
shrewdly.\'b8
Shak.
Pass"ing*ly, adv. Exceedingly.
Wyclif.
Pas"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L.
passio, fr. pati, passus, to
suffer. See Patient.] 1. A suffering
or enduring of imposed or inflicted pain; any suffering or
distress (as, a cardiac passion); specifically, the
suffering of Christ between the time of the last supper and his
death, esp. in the garden upon the cross. \'bdThe
passions of this time.\'b8
Wyclif (Rom. viii. 18).
To whom also he showed himself alive after his
passion, by many infallible proofs.
Acts i. 3.
2. The state of being acted upon; subjection to an
external agent or influence; a passive condition; -- opposed to
action.
A body at rest affords us no idea of any active power to move,
and, when set is motion, it is rather a passion than
an action in it.
Locke.
3. Capacity of being affected by external agents;
susceptibility of impressions from external agents.
[R.]
Moldable and not moldable, scissible and not scissible, and
many other passions of matter.
Bacon.
4. The state of the mind when it is powerfully
acted upon and influenced by something external to itself; the
state of any particular faculty which, under such conditions,
becomes extremely sensitive or uncontrollably excited; any
emotion or sentiment (specifically, love or anger) in a state of
abnormal or controlling activity; an extreme or inordinate
desire; also, the capacity or susceptibility of being so
affected; as, to be in a passion; the
passions of love, hate, jealously, wrath, ambition,
avarice, fear, etc.; a passion for war, or for drink; an
orator should have passion as well as rhetorical
skill. \'bdA passion fond even to
idolatry.\'b8 Macaulay. \'bdHer passion is to
seek roses.\'b8
Lady M. W. Montagu.
We also are men of like passions with you.
Acts xiv. 15.
The nature of the human mind can not be sufficiently
understood, without considering the affections and
passions, or those modifications or actions of the
mind consequent upon the apprehension of certain objects or
events in which the mind generally conceives good or evil.
Hutcheson.
The term passion, and its adverb
passionately, often express a very strong predilection
for any pursuit, or object of taste -- a kind of enthusiastic
fondness for anything.
Cogan.
The bravery of his grief did put me
Into a towering passion.
Shak.
The ruling passion, be it what it will,
The ruling passion conquers reason still.
Pope.
Who walked in every path of human life,
Felt every passion.
Akenside.
When statesmen are ruled by faction and interest, they can
have no passion for the glory of their country.
Addison.
5. Disorder of the mind; madness.
[Obs.]
Shak.
6. Passion week. See Passion week,
below.
R. of Gl.
Passion flower (Bot.), any flower
or plant of the genus Passiflora; -- so named from a
fancied resemblance of parts of the flower to the instruments of
our Savior's crucifixion.
Granadilla, and Maypop).
The roots and leaves are generally more or less noxious, and are
used in medicine. The plants are mostly tendril climbers, and are
commonest in the warmer parts of America, though a few species
are Asiatic or Australian.
Passion music (Mus.), originally,
music set to the gospel narrative of the passion of our Lord;
after the Reformation, a kind of oratorio, with narrative,
chorals, airs, and choruses, having for its theme the passion and
crucifixion of Christ. -- Passion play, a
mystery play, in which the scenes connected with the passion of
our Savior are represented dramatically. -- Passion
Sunday (Eccl.), the fifth Sunday in Lent, or
the second before Easter. -- Passion Week,
the last week but one in Lent, or the second week preceding
Easter. \'bdThe name of Passion week is frequently, but
improperly, applied to Holy Week.\'b8
Shipley.
Syn. -- Passion, Feeling,
Emotion. When any feeling or
emotion completely masters the mind, we call it a
passion; as, a passion for music, dress,
etc.; especially is anger (when thus extreme) called
passion. The mind, in such cases, is considered as
having lost its self-control, and become the passive instrument
of the feeling in question.
Pas"sion (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Passioned
(?); p.pr & vb. n.
Passioning.] To give a passionate
character to. [R.]
Keats.
Pas"sion, v. i. To suffer pain or
sorrow; to experience a passion; to be extremely agitated.
[Obs.] \'bdDumbly she passions,
frantically she doteth.\'b8
Shak.
Pas"sion*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to passion or the passions; exciting, influenced by,
or ministering to, the passions. -- n.
A passionary.
Pas"sion*a*ry (?), n. [L.
passionarius: cf. F. passionaire.]
A book in which are described the sufferings of saints and
martyrs.
T. Warton.
Pas"sion*ate (?), a. [LL.
passionatus: cf. F. passionn\'82.]
1. Capable or susceptible of passion, or of
different passions; easily moved, excited or agitated;
specifically, easily moved to anger; irascible; quick-tempered;
as, a passionate nature.
Homer's Achilles is haughty and passionate.
Prior.
2. Characterized by passion; expressing passion;
ardent in feeling or desire; vehement; warm; as, a
passionate friendship. \'bdThe
passionate Pilgrim.\'b8
Shak.
3. Suffering; sorrowful. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pas"sion*ate (?), v. i. 1.
To affect with passion; to impassion.
[Obs.]
Great pleasure, mixed with pitiful regard,
The godly kind and queen did passionate.
Spenser.
2. To express feelingly or sorrowfully.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Pas"sion*ate*ly (?), adv.
1. In a passionate manner; with strong feeling;
ardently.
Sorrow expresses itself . . . loudly and
passionately.
South.
2. Angrily; irascibly.
Locke.
Pas"sion*ate*ness, n. The state or
quality of being passionate.
Pas"sion*ist, n. (R. C. Ch.)
A member of a religious order founded in Italy in 1737, and
introduced into the United States in 1852. The members of the
order unite the austerities of the Trappists with the activity
and zeal of the Jesuits and Lazarists. Called also
Barefooted Clerks of the Most Holy Cross.
Pas"sion*less (?), a. Void of
passion; without anger or emotion; not easily excited;
calm. \'bdSelf-contained and passionless.\'b8
Tennyson.
Pas"sion*tide` (?), n.
[Passion + tide time.] The
last fortnight of Lent.
Pas"sive (?), a. [L.
passivus: cf. F. passif. See
Passion.] 1. Not active, but acted
upon; suffering or receiving impressions or influences; as,
they were passive spectators, not actors in the
scene.
The passive air
Upbore their nimble tread.
Milton.
The mind is wholly passive in the reception of all
its simple ideas.
Locke.
2. Receiving or enduring without either active
sympathy or active resistance; without emotion or excitement;
patient; not opposing; unresisting; as, passive
obedience; passive submission.
The best virtue, passive fortitude.
Massinger.
3. (Chem.) Inactive; inert; not showing
strong affinity; as, red phosphorus is comparatively
passive.
4. (Med.) Designating certain morbid
conditions, as hemorrhage or dropsy, characterized by relaxation
of the vessels and tissues, with deficient vitality and lack of
reaction in the affected tissues.
Passive congestion (Med.),
congestion due to obstruction to the return of the blood from
the affected part. -- Passive iron
(Chem.), iron which has been subjected to the
action of heat, of strong nitric acid, chlorine, etc. It is then
not easily acted upon by acids. -- Passive
movement (Med.), a movement of a part, in
order to exercise it, made without the assistance of the muscles
which ordinarily move the part. -- Passive
obedience (as used by writers on government), obedience
or submission of the subject or citizen as a duty in all cases to
the existing government. -- Passive prayer,
among mystic divines, a suspension of the activity of the
soul or intellectual faculties, the soul remaining quiet, and
yielding only to the impulses of grace. --
Passive verb, Passive
voice (Gram.), a verb, or form of a
verb, which expresses the effect of the action of some agent; as,
in Latin, doceor, I am taught; in English, she is
loved; the picture is admired by all; he is
assailed by slander.
Syn. -- Inactive; inert; quiescent; unresisting; unopposing;
suffering; enduring; submissive; patient.
Pas"sive*ly, adv. 1. In a
passive manner; inertly; unresistingly.
2. As a passive verb; in the passive voice.
Pas"sive*ness, n. The quality or state
of being passive; unresisting submission.
To be an effect implies passiveness, or the being
subject to the power and action of its cause.
J. Edwards.
Pas*siv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
passivit\'82.] 1. Passiveness; --
opposed to activity.
Jer. Taylor.
2. (Physics) The tendency of a body to
remain in a given state, either of motion or rest, till disturbed
by another body; inertia.
Cheyne.
3. (Chem.) The quality or condition of
any substance which has no inclination to chemical activity;
inactivity.
Pass"-key` (?), n. A key for
opening more locks than one; a master key.
Pass"less, a. Having no pass;
impassable.
Cowley.
Pass"man (?), n.; pl.
Passmen (. One who passes for
a degree, without honors. See Classman, 2.
[Eng. Univ.]
Pass"o`ver (?), n.
[Pass + over. See Pasch.]
(Jewish Antiq.) (a) A feast of the Jews,
instituted to commemorate the sparing of the Hebrews in Egypt,
when God, smiting the firstborn of the Egyptians, passed
over the houses of the Israelites which were marked with
the blood of a lamb. (b) The sacrifice
offered at the feast of the passover; the paschal lamb.
Ex. xii.
Pass`-pa*role" (?), n. [F.
passe-parole.] (Mil.) An order
passed from front to rear by word of mouth.
Pass"port (, n. [F.
passeport, orig., a permission to leave a port or to
sail into it; passer to pass + port a port,
harbor. See Pass, and Port a harbor.]
1. Permission to pass; a document given by the
competent officer of a state, permitting the person therein named
to pass or travel from place to place, without molestation, by
land or by water.
Caution in granting passports to Ireland.
Clarendon.
2. A document carried by neutral merchant vessels
in time of war, to certify their nationality and protect them
from belligerents; a sea letter.
3. A license granted in time of war for the removal
of persons and effects from a hostile country; a
safe-conduct.
Burrill.
4. Figuratively: Anything which secures advancement
and general acceptance.
Sir P. Sidney.
His passport is his innocence and grace.
Dryden.
\'d8Pas"sus (?), n.; pl. L.
Passus, E. Passuses (.
[L., a step, a pace. See Pace.] A
division or part; a canto; as, the passus of Piers
Plowman. See 2d Fit.
Pass"word` (?), n. A word to be
given before a person is allowed to pass; a watchword; a
countersign.
Macaulay.
Pas"sy*meas`ure (?), n.
[Corrupted fr. It. passamezzo.]
[Obs.] See Paspy.
Shak.
Past (?), a. [From
Pass, v.] Of or pertaining to a
former time or state; neither present nor future; gone by;
elapsed; ended; spent; as, past troubles;
past offences. \'bdPast ages.\'b8
Milton.
Past master. See under
Master.
Past, n. A former time or state; a state
of things gone by. \'bdThe past, at least, is
secure.\'b8
D. Webster.
The present is only intelligible in the light of the
past, often a very remote past indeed.
Trench.
Past, prep. 1. Beyond, in
position, or degree; further than; beyond the reach or influence
of. \'bdWho being past feeling.\'b8 Eph. iv.
19. \'bdGalled past endurance.\'b8
Macaulay.
Until we be past thy borders.
Num. xxi. 22.
Love, when once past government, is consequently
past shame.
L'Estrange.
<-- p. 1050 -->
2. Beyond, in time; after; as, past
the hour.
Is it not past two o'clock?
Shak.
3. Above; exceeding; more than.
[R.]
Not past three quarters of a mile.
Shak.
Bows not past three quarters of a yard long.
Spenser.
Past (?), adv. By; beyond;
as, he ran past.
The alarum of drums swept past.
Longfellow.
Paste (?), n. [OF.
paste, F. p\'83te, L. pasta, fr.
Gr. Pasty, n.,
Patty.] 1. A soft composition, as of
flour moistened with water or milk, or of earth moistened to the
consistence of dough, as in making potter's ware.
2. Specifically, in cookery, a dough prepared for
the crust of pies and the like; pastry dough.
3. A kind of cement made of flour and water, starch
and water, or the like, -- used for uniting paper or other
substances, as in bookbinding, etc., -- also used in calico
printing as a vehicle for mordant or color.
4. A highly refractive vitreous composition,
variously colored, used in making imitations of precious stones
or gems. See Strass.
5. A soft confection made of the inspissated juice
of fruit, licorice, or the like, with sugar, etc.
6. (Min.) The mineral substance in which
other minerals are imbedded.
Paste eel (Zo\'94l.), the vinegar
eel. See under Vinegar.
Paste, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pasted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pasting.] To unite with paste; to
fasten or join by means of paste.
Paste"board` (?), n. 1.
A stiff thick kind of paper board, formed of several single
sheets pasted one upon another, or of paper macerated and pressed
into molds, etc.
2. (Cookery) A board on which pastry
dough is rolled; a molding board.
Pas"tel (?), n. [F.; cf. It.
pastello. Cf. Pastil.] 1.
A crayon made of a paste composed of a color ground with gum
water. [Sometimes incorrectly written
pastil.] \'bdCharming heads in
pastel.\'b8
W. Black.
2. (Bot.) A plant affording a blue dye;
the woad (Isatis tinctoria); also, the dye
itself.
<--3. a drawing using pastel, or of a pastel shade.
4. the art or process of drawing with pastels.
5. any of various light or pale colors.
6. a light literary work, as a sketch. -->
Past"er (?), n. 1. One
who pastes; as, a paster in a government
department.
2. A slip of paper, usually bearing a name,
intended to be pasted by the voter, as a substitute, over another
name on a printed ballot. [Cant, U.S.]
Pas"tern (?), n. [Of.
pasturon, F. p\'83turon, fr. OF.
pasture a tether, for beasts while pasturing; prop., a
pasturing. See Pasture.] 1. The part
of the foot of the horse, and allied animals, between the fetlock
and the coffin joint. See Illust. of
Horse.
great pastern bone; the second, the
small pastern bone; and the third, in the hoof,
the coffin bone.
Pastern joint, the joint in the hoof of the
horse, and allied animals, between the great and small pastern
bones.
2. A shackle for horses while pasturing.
Knight.
3. A patten. [Obs.]
Dryden.
Pas*teur"ism (?), n. [Fr.
Pasteur, a French scientist.] 1. A
method of treatment, devised by Pasteur, for preventing certain
diseases, as hydrophobia, by successive inoculations with an
attenuated virus of gradually increasing strength.
2. Pasteurization.
Pas*teur`i*za"tion (?), n. A
process devised by Pasteur for preventing or checking
fermentation in fluids, such as wines, milk, etc., by exposure to
a temperature of 140
Pas*teur"ize (?), v. t. 1.
To subject to pasteurization.
2. To treat by pasteurizm.
\'d8Pas*tic"ci*o (?), n. [It.,
fr. pasta. See Paste.] 1.
A medley; an olio. [R.]
H. Swinburne.
2. (Fine Arts) (a) A work of
art imitating directly the work of another artist, or of more
artists than one. (b) A falsified work of
art, as a vase or statue made up of parts of original works, with
missing parts supplied.
{ Pas"til (?), Pas*tille"
(?), } n. [F. pastille,
L. pastillusa pastus food. See Pasture, and
cf. Pastel.] 1. (Pharmacy)
A small cone or mass made of paste of gum, benzoin,
cinnamon, and other aromatics, -- used for fumigating or scenting
the air of a room.
2. An aromatic or medicated lozenge; a
troche.
3. See Pastel, a crayon.
Pas"time` (?), n.
[Pass + time: cf. F.
passetemps.] That which amuses, and serves
to make time pass agreeably; sport; amusement; diversion.
Pas"time`, v. i. To sport; to amuse
one's self. [R.]
Pas"tor (?), n. [L., fr.
pascere, pastum, to pasture, to feed. Cf.
Pabulum, Pasture, Food.]
1. A shepherd; one who has the care of flocks and
herds.
2. A guardian; a keeper; specifically
(Eccl.), a minister having the charge of a church and
parish.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A species of starling
(Pastor roseus), native of the plains of Western Asia
and Eastern Europe. Its head is crested and glossy greenish
black, and its back is rosy. It feeds largely upon locusts.
Pas"tor*age (?), n. The office,
jurisdiction, or duty, of a pastor; pastorate.
Pas"tor*al (?), a. [L.
pastoralis: cf. F. pastoral. See
Pastor.] 1. Of or pertaining to
shepherds; hence, relating to rural life and scenes; as, a
pastoral life.
2. Relating to the care of souls, or to the pastor
of a church; as, pastoral duties; a
pastoral letter.
Pastoral staff (Eccl.), a staff,
usually of the form of a shepherd's crook, borne as an official
emblem by a bishop, abbot, abbess, or other prelate privileged to
carry it. See Crook, and Crosier. --
Pastoral Theology, that part of theology which
treats of the duties of pastors.
Pas"tor*al (?), n. 1.
A poem describing the life and manners of shepherds; a poem
in which the speakers assume the character of shepherds; an idyl;
a bucolic.
A pastoral is a poem in which any action or passion
is represented by its effects on a country life.
Rambler.
2. (Mus.) A cantata relating to rural
life; a composition for instruments characterized by simplicity
and sweetness; a lyrical composition the subject of which is
taken from rural life.
Moore (Encyc. of Music).
3. (Eccl.) A letter of a pastor to his
charge; specifically, a letter addressed by a bishop to his
diocese; also (Prot. Epis. Ch.), a letter of the House
of Bishops, to be read in each parish.
\'d8Pas`to*ra"le (?), n.
[It.] 1. (Mus.) A composition
in a soft, rural style, generally in 6-8 or 12-8 time.
2. A kind of dance; a kind of figure used in a
dance.
Pas"tor*al*ly (?), adv. 1.
In a pastoral or rural manner.
2. In the manner of a pastor.
Pas"tor*ate (?), n. [Cf. F.
pastorat. See Pastor.] The office,
state, or jurisdiction of a pastor.
Pas"tor*less, a. Having no pastor.
Pas"tor*ling (?), n. An
insignificant pastor. [R.]
Pas"tor*ly, a. Appropriate to a
pastor.
Milton.
Pas"tor*ship, n. Pastorate.
Bp. Bull.
Pas"try (?), n.; pl.
Pastries (. 1. The
place where pastry is made. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. Articles of food made of paste, or having a
crust made of paste, as pies, tarts, etc.
Pastry cook, one whose occupation is to make
pastry; as, the pastry cook of a
hotel.
Pas"tur*a*ble (?), a. Fit for
pasture.
Pas"tur*age (?), n. [OF.
pasturage, F. p\'83turage. See
Pasture.] 1. Grazing ground; grass
land used for pasturing; pasture.
2. Grass growing for feed; grazing.
3. The business of feeding or grazing cattle.
Pas"ture (?), n. [OF.
pasture, F. p\'83ture, L.
pastura, fr. pascere, pastum, to
pasture, to feed. See Pastor.] 1.
Food; nourishment. [Obs.]
Toads and frogs his pasture poisonous.
Spenser.
2. Specifically: Grass growing for the food of
cattle; the food of cattle taken by grazing.
3. Grass land for cattle, horses, etc.;
pasturage.
He maketh me to lie down in green pastures.
Ps. xxiii. 2.
So graze as you find pasture.
Shak.
Pas"ture, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pastured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pasturing.] To feed, esp. to
feed on growing grass; to supply grass as food for; as, the
farmer pastures fifty oxen; the land will
pasture forty cows.
Pas"ture, v. i. To feed on growing
grass; to graze.
Pas"ture*less, a. Destitute of
pasture.
Milton.
Pas"tur*er (?), n. One who
pastures; one who takes cattle to graze. See
Agister.
Pas"ty (?), a. Like paste, as
in color, softness, stickness. \'bdA pasty
complexion.\'b8
G. Eliot.
Pas"ty, n.; pl. Pasties
(#). [OF. past\'82, F.
p\'83t\'82. See Paste, and cf.
Patty.] A pie consisting usually of meat
wholly surrounded with a crust made of a sheet of paste, and
often baked without a dish; a meat pie. \'bdIf ye pinch me
like a pasty.\'b8 Shak. \'bdApple
pasties.\'b8 Dickens.
A large pasty baked in a pewter platter.
Sir W. Scott.
Pat (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Patted (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Patting.] [Cf. G.
patschen, Prov. G. patzen, to strike,
tap.] To strike gently with the fingers or hand; to
stroke lightly; to tap; as, to pat a dog.
Gay pats my shoulder, and you vanish quite.
Pope.
Pat, n. 1. A light, quik blow
or stroke with the fingers or hand; a tap.
2. A small mass, as of butter, shaped by
pats.
It looked like a tessellated work of pats of
butter.
Dickens.
Pat, a. [Cf. pat a light
blow, D. te pas convenient, pat, where pas
is fr. F. passer to pass.] Exactly
suitable; fit; convenient; timely. \'bdPat
allusion.\'b8
Barrow.
Pat, adv. In a pat manner.
I foresaw then 't would come in pat hereafter.
Sterne.
\'d8Pa*ta"ca (?), n.
[Sp.] The Spanish dollar; -- called also
patacoon. [Obs.]
\'d8Pa`tache" (?), n. [F. & Sp.
patache, P. patacho.]
(Naut.) A tender to a fleet, formerly used for
conveying men, orders, or treasure. [Spain &
Portugal]
Pa`ta*coon" (?), n. [Sp.]
See Pataca.
\'d8Pa*ta"gi*um (?), n.; pl.
Patagia (#). [L., an edge or
border.] 1. (Anat.) In bats, an
expansion of the integument uniting the fore limb with the body
and extending between the elongated fingers to form the wing; in
birds, the similar fold of integument uniting the fore limb with
the body.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of a pair of small
vesicular organs situated at the bases of the anterior wings of
lepidopterous insects. See Illust. of
Butterfly.
Pat`a*go"ni*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Patagonia. -- n. A
native of Patagonia.
Pat"a*mar (?), n. [From the
native name.] (Naut.) A vessel resembling a
grab, used in the coasting trade of Bombay and Ceylon.
[Written also pattemar.]
Pa*tas" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A West African long-tailed monkey
(Cercopithecus ruber); the red monkey.
Pat`a*vin"i*ty (?), n. [L.
patavinitas, fr. Patavium: cf. F.
patavinit\'82] The use of local or
provincial words, as in the peculiar style or diction of Livy,
the Roman historian; -- so called from Patavium, now Padua, the
place of Livy's nativity.
Patch (?), n. [OE.
pacche; of uncertain origin, perh. for
placche; cf. Prov. E. platch patch, LG.
plakk, plakke.] 1. A
piece of cloth, or other suitable material, sewed or otherwise
fixed upon a garment to repair or strengthen it, esp. upon an old
garment to cover a hole.
Patches set upon a little breach.
Shak.
2. Hence: A small piece of anything used to repair
a breach; as, a patch on a kettle, a roof,
etc.
3. A small piece of black silk stuck on the face,
or neck, to hide a defect, or to heighten beauty.
Your black patches you wear variously.
Beau. & Fl.
4. (Gun.) A piece of greased cloth or
leather used as wrapping for a rifle ball, to make it fit the
bore.
5. Fig.: Anything regarded as a patch; a small
piece of ground; a tract; a plot; as, scattered
patches of trees or growing corn.
Employed about this patch of ground.
Bunyan.
6. (Mil.) A block on the muzzle of a
gun, to do away with the effect of dispart, in sighting.
7. A paltry fellow; a rogue; a ninny; a fool.
[Obs. or Colloq.] \'bdThou scurvy
patch.\'b8
Shak.
Patch ice, ice in overlapping pieces in the
sea. -- Soft patch, a patch for covering a
crack in a metallic vessel, as a steam boiler, consisting of soft
material, as putty, covered and held in place by a plate bolted
or riveted fast.
Patch (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Patched
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Patching.] 1. To mend by
sewing on a piece or pieces of cloth, leather, or the like;
as, to patch a coat.
2. To mend with pieces; to repair with pieces
festened on; to repair clumsily; as, to patch the
roof of a house.
3. To adorn, as the face, with a patch or
patches.
Ladies who patched both sides of their faces.
Spectator.
4. To make of pieces or patches; to repair as with
patches; to arrange in a hasty or clumsy manner; -- generally
with up; as, to patch up a
truce. \'bdIf you'll patch a quarrel.\'b8
Shak.
Patch"er (?), n. One who
patches or botches.
Foxe.
Patch"er*y (?), n. Botchery;
covering of defects; bungling; hypocrisy. [R.]
Shak.
Patch"ing*ly (?), adv.
Knavishy; deceitfully. [Obs.]
{ Pa*tchou"li, Pa*tchou"ly }
(?), n. [CF. F. patchouli;
prob. of East Indian origin.] 1. (Bot.)
A mintlike plant (Pogostemon Patchouli) of the
East Indies, yielding an essential oil from which a highly valued
perfume is made.
2. The perfume made from this plant.
Patchouly camphor (Chem.), a
substance homologous with and resembling borneol, found in
patchouly oil.
Patch"work` (?), n. Work
composed of pieces sewed together, esp. pieces of various colors
and figures; hence, anything put together of incongruous or
ill-adapted parts; something irregularly clumsily composed; a
thing putched up.
Swift.
Patch"y (?), a. Full of, or
covered with, patches; abounding in patches.
\'d8Pa`t\'82" (?), a.
(Her.) See Patt\'82.
\'d8Pa`t\'82" (?), n. [F.
p\'83t\'82.] 1. A pie. See
Patty.
2. (Fort.) A kind of platform with a
parapet, usually of an oval form, and generally erected in marshy
grounds to cover a gate of a fortified place.
[R.]
Pate (?), n. [Cf. LG. & Prov.
G. pattkopf, patzkopf, scabby head;
patt, patz, scab + kopf
head.] 1. The head of a person; the top, or
crown, of the head. [Now generally used in contempt
or ridicule.]<-- esp., bald pate -->
His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent
dealing shall come down upon his own pate.
Ps. vii. 16.
Fat paunches have lean pate.
Shak.
2. The skin of a calf's head.
Pat"ed (?), a. Having a pate;
-- used only in composition; as, long-pated;
shallow-pated.
Pa*tee" (?), n. See
Pattee.
Pat`e*fac"tion (?), n. [L.
patefactio, fr. patefacere to open;
patere to lie open + facere to make.]
The act of opening, disclosing, or manifesting; open
declaration.
Jer. Taylor.
\'d8Pat"e*la (?), n. [Hind.
patel\'be.] A large flat-bottomed trading
boat peculiar to the river Ganges; -- called also
puteli.
\'d8Pa*tel"la (?), n.; pl.
Patell\'91 (#). [L., a small pan,
the kneepan, dim. of patina, patena, a pan,
dish.] 1. A small dish, pan, or vase.
2. (Anat.) The kneepan; the cap of the
knee.<-- kneecap -->
3. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine
gastropods, including many species of limpets. The shell has the
form of a flattened cone. The common European limpet
(Patella vulgata) is largely used for food.
4. (Bot.) A kind of apothecium in
lichens, which is orbicular, flat, and sessile, and has a special
rim not a part of the thallus.
Pa*tel"lar (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the patella, or
kneepan.
<-- patellar tendon -->
Pa*tel"li*form (?), a.
[Patella + form: cf. F.
pattelliforme.] 1. Having the form
of a patella.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Resembling a limpet of the
genus Patella.
\'d8Pa*tel"lu*la (?), n.; pl.
Patellul\'91 (#). [NL., dim. of L.
patella. See Patella.]
(Zo\'94l.) A cuplike sucker on the feet of
certain insects.
Pat"en (?), n. [LL.
patina, patena, fr. L. patina,
patena, a pan; cf. L. patere to be open, E.
patent, and Gr. pat\'8ane. Cf. Patina.] 1.
A plate. [Obs.]
2. (Eccl.) The place on which the
consecrated bread is placed in the Eucharist, or on which the
host is placed during the Mass. It is usually small, and formed
as to fit the chalice, or cup, as a cover.
[Written also patin,
patine.]
\'d8Pat"e*na (?), n.
[LL.] (Eccl.) A paten.
\'d8Pa*te"na (?), n. [Cf. Pg.
patena a paten.] A grassy expanse in the
hill region of Ceylon.
Pa"ten*cy (?), n. [See
Patent.] 1. The condition of being
open, enlarged, or spread.
2. The state of being patent or evident.
<-- p. 1051 -->
Pat"ent (pent ent), a. [L.
patens, -entis, p.pr. of patere
to be open: cf. F. patent. Cf. Fathom.]
1. (Oftener pronounced
pent in this sense)
Open; expanded; evident; apparent; unconcealed; manifest;
public; conspicuous.
He had received instructions, both patent and
secret.
Motley.
2. Open to public perusal; -- said of a document
conferring some right or privilege; as, letters
patent. See Letters patent, under 3d
Letter.
3. Appropriated or protected by letters patent;
secured by official authority to the exclusive possession,
control, and disposal of some person or party; patented; as,
a patent right; patent medicines.
Madder . . . in King Charles the First's time, was made a
patent commodity.
Mortimer.
4. (Bot.) Spreading; forming a nearly
right angle with the steam or branch; as, a patent
leaf.
Patent leather, a varnished or lacquered
leather, used for boots and shoes, and in carriage and harness
work. -- Patent office, a government bureau
for the examination of inventions and the granting of
patents. -- Patent right. (a) The
exclusive right to an invention, and the control of its
manufacture. (b) (Law) The right,
granted by the sovereign, of exclusive control of some business
of manufacture, or of the sale of certain articles, or of certain
offices or prerogatives. -- Patent rolls, the
registers, or records, of patents.
Pat"ent, n. [Cf. F. patente.
See Patent, a.] 1. A
letter patent, or letters patent; an official document, issued by
a sovereign power, conferring a right or privilege on some person
or party. Specifically: (a) A writing
securing to an invention. (b) A document
making a grant and conveyance of public lands.
Four other gentlemen of quality remained mentioned in that
patent.
Fuller.
2. The right or privilege conferred by such a
document; hence, figuratively, a right, privilege, or license of
the nature of a patent.
If you are so fond over her iniquity, give her
patent to offend.
Shak.
Pat"ent, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Patented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Patenting.] To grant by patent; to make
the subject of a patent; to secure or protect by patent; as,
to patent an invention; to patent public
lands.
Pat"ent*a*ble (?), a. Suitable
to be patented; capable of being patented.
Pat`ent*ee" (?), n. One to whom
a grant is made, or a privilege secured, by patent.
Bacon.
Pat"ent-ham"mered (?), a.
(Stone Cutting) Having a surface dressed by
cutting with a hammer the head of which consists of broad thin
chisels clamped together.
Pat"ent*ly (?; see Patent,
a.), adv. Openly;
evidently.
\'d8Pat"e*ra (?), n.; pl.
Pater\'91(. [ L., fr. patere
to lie open.] 1. A saucerlike vessel of
earthenware or metal, used by the Greeks and Romans in libations
and sacrificies.
2. (Arch.) A circular ornament,
resembling a dish, often worked in relief on friezes, and the
like.
Pat`e*re"ro (?), n. See
Pederero. [Obs.]
\'d8Pa`ter*fa*mil`i*as (?), n.;
pl. Pateresfamilias (#). [L.,
fr. pater father + familias, gen. of
familia family.] (Rom. Law) The
head of a family; in a large sense, the proprietor of an estate;
one who is his own master.
Pa*ter"nal (?), a. [L.
paternus, fr. pater a father: cf. F.
paternel. See Father.] 1.
Of or pertaining to a father; fatherly; showing the
disposition of a father; guiding or instructing as a father;
as, paternal care. \'bdUnder
paternal rule.\'b8
Milton.
2. Received or derived from a father; hereditary;
as, a paternal estate.
Their small paternal field of corn.
Dryden.
Paternal government (Polit. Science),
the assumption by the governing power of a quasi-fatherly
relation to the people, involving strict and intimate supervision
of their business and social concerns, upon the theory that they
are incapable of managing their own afffairs.
Pa*ter"nal*ism (?), n. (Polit.
Science) The theory or practice of paternal
government. See Paternal government, under
Paternal.
London Times.
<-- paternalistic, = relating to paternalism -->
Pa*ter"nal*ly, adv. In a paternal
manner.
Pa*ter"ni*ty (?), n. [L.
paternitas: cf. F. paternit\'82. See
Paternal.] 1. The relation of a
father to his child; fathership; fatherhood; family headship;
as, the divine paternity.
The world, while it had scarcity of people, underwent no other
dominion than paternity and eldership.
Sir W. Raleigh.
2. Derivation or descent from a father; male
parentage; as, the paternity of a child.
3. Origin; authorship.
The paternity of these novels was . . .
disputed.
Sir W. Scott.
Pa"ter*nos`ter (?), n. [L., Our
Father.] 1. The Lord's prayer, so called from
the first two words of the Latin version.
2. (Arch.) A beadlike ornament in
moldings.
3. (Angling) A line with a row of hooks
and bead
Paternoster pump, Paternoster
wheel, a chain pump; a noria. --
Paternoster while, the space of time required for
repeating a paternoster. Udall.
Path (?), n.; pl.
Paths (#). [As. pad, G. pfad, of uncertain origin;
cf. Gr. patha, path.
1. A trodden way; a footway.
The dewy paths of meadows we will tread.
Dryden.
2. A way, course, or track, in which anything moves
or has moved; route; passage; an established way; as, the
path of a meteor, of a caravan, of a storm, of a
pestilence. Also used figuratively, of a course of life or
action.
All the paths of the Lord are mercy and truth.
Ps. xxv. 10.
The paths of glory lead but to the grave.
Gray.
Path (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pathed (?);
pr.p. & vb. n. Pathing.] To
make a path in, or on (something), or for (some one).
[R.] \'bdPathing young Henry's unadvised
ways.\'b8
Drayton.
Path, v. i. To walk or go.
[R.]
Shak.
Path`e*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. Of, pertaining
to, or designating, emotion or suffering. [R.]
Chalmers.
Pa*thet"ic (?), a. [L.
patheticus, Gr. path\'82tique. See Pathos.] 1.
Expressing or showing anger; passionate.
[Obs.]
2. Affecting or moving the tender emotions, esp.
pity or grief; full of pathos; as, a pathetic song
or story. \'bdPathetic action.\'b8
Macaulay.
No theory of the passions can teach a man to be
pathetic.
E. Porter.
Pathetic muscle (Anat.), the
superior oblique muscle of the eye. -- Pathetic
nerve (Anat.), the fourth cranial, or
trochlear, nerve, which supplies the superior oblique, or
pathetic, muscle of the eye. -- The pathetic,
a style or manner adapted to arouse the tender
emotions.
Pa*thet"ic*al (?), a.
Pathetic. [R.] --
Pa*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Pa*thet"ic*al*ness, n.
Path"e*tism (?), n. [Cf. F.
path\'82tisme.] See
Mesmerism.
L. Sunderland.
Path"find`er (?), n. One who
discovers a way or path; one who explores untraversed
regions.
The cow is the true pathfinder and pathmaker.
J. Burroughs.
Path"ic (?), n. [L.
pathicus, Gr. A male who submits to the crime against
nature; a catamite. [R.]
B. Jonson.
Path"ic, a. [Gr.
Passive; suffering.
Path"less (?), a. Having no
beaten path or way; untrodden; impenetrable; as,
pathless woods.
Trough the heavens' wide, pathless way.
Milton.
Path"mak`er (?), n. One who, or
that which, makes a way or path.
Path"o*gene (?), n. [See
Pathogenic.] (Biol.) One of a
class of virulent micro\'94rganisms or bacteria found in the
tissues and fluids in infectious diseases, and supposed to be the
cause of the disease; a pathogenic organism; a pathogenic
bacterium; -- opposed to zymogene.
Path`o*gen"e*sis (?), n.
(Med.) Pathogeny.
Path`o*ge*net"ic (?), a.
(Med.) Pathogenic.
Path`o*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Med. & Biol.)
Of or pertaining to pathogeny; producting disease; as, a
pathogenic organism; a pathogenic
bacterium.
Pa*thog"e*ny (?), n.
(Med.) (a) The generation, and method of
development, of disease; as, the pathogeny of yellow
fever is unsettled. (b) That branch of
pathology which treats of the generation and development of
disease.
Pa*thog`no*mon"ic (?), a. [Gr.
pathognomonique. See Gnomic.]
(Med.) Specially or decisively characteristic of
a disease; indicating with certainty a disease; as, a
pathognomonic symptom.
The true pathognomonic sign of love jealousy.
Arbuthnot.
Pa*thog"no*my (?), n. [Gr.
Expression of the passions; the science of the signs by
which human passions are indicated.
{ Path`o*log"ic (?),
Path`o*log"ic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. pathologique.] Of or
pertaining to pathology. --
Path`o*log"ic*al*ly,
adv.
<-- caused by disease -->
Pa*thol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F.
pathologiste.] One skilled in pathology; an
investigator in pathology; as, the pathologist of a
hospital, whose duty it is to determine the causes of the
diseases.
Pa*thol"o*gy (?), n.; pl.
Pathologies (#). [Gr. -logy: cf. F.
pathologie.] (Med.) The science
which treats of diseases, their nature, causes, progress,
symptoms, etc.
Pathology is general or
special, according as it treats of disease or morbid
processes in general, or of particular diseases; it is also
subdivided into internal and external, or
medical and surgical pathology. Its
departments are nosology,
\'91tiology, morbid anatomy,
symptomatology, and therapeutics,
which treat respectively of the classification, causation,
organic changes, symptoms, and cure of diseases.
Celluar pathology, a theory that gives
prominence to the vital action of cells in the healthy and
diseased function of the body.
Virchow.
\'d8Path`o*p\'d2"la (?), n.;
pl. -ias (#). [NL., from Gr.
(Rhet.) A
speech, or figure of speech, designed to move the passion.
Smart.
Pa"thos (?), n. [L., from Gr.
pati to suffer, E. patient.]
That quality or property of anything which touches the
feelings or excites emotions and passions, esp., that which
awakens tender emotions, such as pity, sorrow, and the like;
contagious warmth of feeling, action, or expression; pathetic
quality; as, the pathos of a picture, of a poem, or
of a cry.
The combination of incident, and the pathos of
catastrophe.
T. Warton.
Path"way (?) n. A footpath; a
beaten track; any path or course. Also used figuratively.
Shak.
In the way of righteousness is life; and in the
pathway thereof is no death.
Prov. xii. 28.
We tread the pathway arm in arm.
Sir W. Scott.
Pat"i*ble (?), a. [L.
patibilis, fr. pati to suffer.]
Sufferable; tolerable; endurable. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Pa*tib"u*la*ry (?), a. [L.
patibulum a gallows: cf. F.
patibulaire.] Of or pertaining to the
gallows, or to execution. [R.]
Carlyle.
Pa*tib"u*la`ted, a. Hanged on a
gallows. [R.]
Pa"tience (?), n. [F.
patience, fr. L. patientia. See
Patient.] 1. The state or quality of
being patient; the power of suffering with fortitude;
uncomplaining endurance of evils or wrongs, as toil, pain,
poverty, insult, oppression, calamity, etc.
Strenthened with all might, . . . unto all patience
and long-suffering.
Col. i. 11.
I must have patience to endure the load.
Shak.
Who hath learned lowliness
From his Lord's cradle, patience from his cross.
Keble.
2. The act or power of calmly or contentedly
waiting for something due or hoped for; forbearance.
Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all.
Matt. xviii. 29.
3. Constancy in labor or application;
perseverance.
He learned with patience, and with meekness
taught.
Harte.
4. Sufferance; permission.
[Obs.]
Hooker.
They stay upon your patience.
Shak.
5. (Bot.) A kind of dock (Rumex
Patientia), less common in America than in Europe; monk's
rhubarb.
6. (Card Playing) Solitaire.
Syn. -- Patience, Resignation.
Patience implies the quietness or
self-possession of one's own spirit under sufferings,
provocations, etc.; resignation implies submission to
the will of another. The Stoic may have patience; the
Christian should have both patience and
resignation.
Pa"tient (?), a. [F., fr. L.
patiens, -entis, p.pr. of pati
to suffer. Cf. Pathos, Passion.]
1. Having the quality of enduring; physically able
to suffer or bear.
Patient of severest toil and hardship.
Bp. Fell.
2. Undergoing pains, trails, or the like, without
murmuring or fretfulness; bearing up with equanimity against
trouble; long-suffering.
3. Constant in pursuit or exertion; persevering;
calmly diligent; as, patient endeavor.
Whatever I have done is due to patient thought.
Sir I. Newton.
4. Expectant with calmness, or without discontent;
not hasty; not overeager; composed.
Not patient to expect the turns of fate.
Prior.
5. Forbearing; long-suffering.
Be patient toward all men.
1 Thess. v. 14.
Pa"tient, n. 1. ONe who, or
that which, is passively affected; a passive recipient.
Malice is a passion so impetuous and precipitate that often
involves the agent and the patient.
Gov. of Tongue.
2. A person under medical or surgical treatment; --
correlative to physician or nurse.
Like a physician, . . . seeing his patient in a
pestilent fever.
Sir P. Sidney.
In patient, a patient who receives lodging and
food, as treatment, in a hospital or an infirmary. --
Out patient, one who receives advice and medicine,
or treatment, from an infirmary.
Pa"tient, v. t. To compose, to
calm. [Obs.] \'bdPatient yourself,
madam.\'b8
Shak.
Pa"tient*ly, adv. In a patient
manner.
Cowper.
{ Pat"in (?), Pat"ine },
n. A plate. See Paten. \'bdInlaid
with patines of bright gold.\'b8
Shak.
Pat"ina (?), n. [It., fr. L.
patina a dish, a pan, a kind of cake. Cf.
Paten.] 1. A dish or plate of metal
or earthenware; a patella.
2. (Fine Arts) The color or incrustation
which age gives to works of art; especially, the green rust which
covers ancient bronzes, coins, and medals.
Fairholt.
\'d8Pa"ti*o (?), n. [Sp., a
court] (Metal) A paved yard or floor where
ores are cleaned and sorted, or where ore, salt, mercury, etc.,
are trampled by horses, to effect intermixture and
amalgamation.
patioprocess is used to reduce silver
ores by amalgamation.
Pat"ly (?), adv. Fitly;
seasonably.
Barrow.
Pat"ness, n. Fitness or appropriateness;
striking suitableness; convenience.
The description with equal patness may suit
both.
Barrow.
Pa`tois" (?), n. [F.]
A dialect peculiar to the illiterate classes; a provincial
form of speech.
The jargon and patois of several provinces.
Sir T. Browne.
Pa*tonce" (?), a. [Cf. F.
patte d'once paw of an ounce.] (Her.)
Having the arms growing broader and floriated toward the
end; -- said of a cross. See Illust. 9 of
Cross.
Pa"tri*al (?), a. [L.
patria fatherland, country, fr. pater
father.] (Lat. Gram.) Derived from the name
of a country, and designating an inhabitant of the country;
gentile; -- said of a noun. -- n. A
patrial noun. Thus Romanus, a Roman, and
Troas, a woman of Troy, are patrial nouns,
or patrials.
Andrews.
Pa"tri*arch (?), n. [F.
patriarche, L. patriarcha, Gr. Father,
Archaic.] 1. The father and ruler of
a family; one who governs his family or descendants by paternal
right; -- usually applied to heads of families in ancient
history, especially in Biblical and Jewish history to those who
lived before the time of Moses.
2. (R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.) A dignitary
superior to the order of archbishops; as, the
patriarch of Constantinople, of Alexandria, or of
Antioch.
3. A venerable old man; an elder. Also used
figuratively.
The patriarch hoary, the sage of his kith and the
hamlet.
Longfellow.
The monarch oak, the partiarch of trees.
Dryde.
Pa`tri*ar"chal (?), a. [Cf. F.
patriarcal.] 1. Of or pertaining
to a patriarch or to patriarchs; possessed by, or subject to,
patriarchs; as, patriarchal authority or
jurisdiction; a patriarchal see; a patriarchal
church.
2. Characteristic of a patriarch; venerable.
About whose patriarchal knee
Late the little children clung.
Tennyson.
3. (Ethnol.) Having an organization of
society and government in which the head of the family exercises
authority over all its generations.
Patriarchal cross (Her.), a cross,
the shaft of which is intersected by two transverse beams, the
upper one being the smaller. See Illust. (2) of
Cross. -- Patriarchal dispensation,
the divine dispensation under which the patriarchs lived
before the law given by Moses.
Pa`tri*ar"chate (?), n. [Cf. F.
patriarcat.] 1. The office,
dignity, or jurisdiction of a patriarch.
Jer. Taylor.
2. The residence of an ecclesiastic
patriarch.
3. (Ethnol.) A patriarchal form of
government or society. See Patriarchal, a.,
3.
Pa"tri*arch*dom (?), n. The
office or jurisdiction of a patriarch; patriarchate.
[R.]
Pa`tri*ar"chic (?), a. [L.
patriarchicus, Gr. Patriarchal.
Pa"tri*arch*ism (?), n.
Government by a patriarch, or the head of a family.
Pa"tri*arch*ship, n. A
patriarchate.
Ayliffe.
Pa"tri*arch`y (?), n. [Gr.
1. The jurisdiction of a patriarch;
patriarchship.
Brerewood.
2. Government by a patriarch; patriarchism.
Pa*tri"cian (?), a. [L.
patricius, fr. patres fathers or senators,
pl. of pater: cf. F. patricien. See
Paternal.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.)
Of or pertaining to the Roman patres (fathers) or
senators, or patricians.
2. Of, pertaining to, or appropriate to, a person
of high birth; noble; not plebeian.
Born in the patrician file of society.
Sir W. Scott.
His horse's hoofs wet with patrician blood.
Addison.
Pa*tri"cian, n. [L.
patricius: cf. F. patricien.]
1. (Rom. Antiq.) Originally, a member of
any of the families constituting the populus Romanus,
or body of Roman citizens, before the development of the plebeian
order; later, one who, by right of birth or by special privilege
conferred, belonged to the nobility.
2. A person of high birth; a nobleman.
3. One familiar with the works of the Christian
Fathers; one versed in patristic lore. [R.]
Colridge.
Pa*tri"cian*ism (?), n. The
rank or character of patricians.
Pa*tri"ci*ate (?), n. The
patrician class; the aristocracy; also, the office of
patriarch.
Milman.
Pat*ri"ci`dal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to patricide; parricidal.
Pat*ri"cide (?), n. [L.
pater father + caedere to kill. Cf.
Parricide.] 1. The murderer of his
father.
2. The crime of one who murders his father. Same as
Parricide.
Pat`ri*mo"ni*al (?), a.
[L.patrimonialis: cf. F.
patrimonial.] Of or pertaining to a
patrimony; inherited from ancestors; as, a
patrimonial estate.
Pat`ri*mo"ni*al*ly, adv. By
inheritance.
Pat"ri*mo*ny (?), n.; pl.
Patrimonies (#). [L.
patrimonium, fr. pater father: cf. F.
patrimoine. See Paternal.] 1.
A right or estate inherited from one's father; or, in a
larger sense, from any ancestor. \'bd'Reave the orphan of
his patrimony.\'b8
Shak.
2. Formerly, a church estate or endowment.
Shipley.
Pa"tri*ot (?), n. [F.
patriote; cf. Sp. patriota, It.
patriotto; all fr. Gr. Father.] One who loves his country, and
zealously supports its authority and interests.
Bp. Hall.
Such tears as patriots shaed for dying laws.
Pope.
Pa"tri*ot, a. Becoming to a patriot;
patriotic.
Pa`tri*ot"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
patriotique, Gr. Inspired by patriotism; actuated
by love of one's country; zealously and unselfishly devoted to
the service of one's country; as, a patriotic
statesman, vigilance.
Pa`tri*ot"ic*al (?), a.
Patriotic; that pertains to a patriot. --
Pa`tri*ot"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Pa"tri*ot*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
patriotisme.] Love of country; devotion to
the welfare of one's country; the virtues and actions of a
patriot; the passion which inspires one to serve one's
country.
Berkley.
Pa`tri*pas"sian (?), n. [LL.
Patripassiani, pl.; L. pater father +
pati, passus, to suffer: cf. F.
patripassiens.] (Eccl. Hist.)
One of a body of believers in the early church who denied
the independent pre\'89xistent personality of Christ, and who,
accordingly, held that the Father suffered in the Son; a
monarchian. -- Pa`tri*pas"sian*ism
(#), n.
Pa"trist (?), n. One versed in
patristics.
{ Pa*tris"tic (?), Pa*tris"tic*al
(?), } a. [F.
patristique. See Paternal.] Of or
pertaining to the Fathers of the Christian church.
The voluminous editor of Jerome anf of tons of
patristic theology.
I. Taylor.
Pa*tris"tics (?), n. That
departnent of historical theology which treats of the lives and
doctrines of the Fathers of the church.
Pa"tri*zate (?), v. i. [L.
patrissare, patrizare;cf. Gr.
To imitate one's father. [R.]
Pa*troc"i*nate (?), v. t. [L.
patrocinatus, p.p. of patrocinari to
patronize, fr. patronus patron.] To
support; to patronize. [Obs.]
Urquhart.
Pa*troc`i*na"tion (?), n. The
act of patrocinating or patronizing. [Obs.]
\'bdPatrocinations of treason.\'b8
Bp. Hall.
Pa*troc"i*ny (?), n. [L.
patrocinium.] [Obs.] See
Patrocination.
Pa*trol" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Patrolled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Patrolling.] [F.
patrouiller, O. & Prov. F. patrouiller to
paddle, paw about, patrol, fr. patte a paw; cf. D.
poot paw, G. pfote, and E. pat,
v.] To go the rounds along a chain of sentinels; to
traverse a police district or beat.
Pa*trol" (?), v.t To go the
rounds of, as a sentry, guard, or policeman; as, to
patrol a frontier; to patrol a beat.
Pa*trol", n. [F. patrouille,
OF. patouille. See Patrol, v.
i.] 1. (Mil.) (a) A
going of the rounds along the chain of sentinels and between the
posts, by a guard, usually consisting of three or four men, to
insure greater security from attacks on the outposts.
(b) A movement, by a small body of troops beyond
the line of outposts, to explore the country and gain
intelligence of the enemy's whereabouts. (c)
The guard or men who go the rounds for observation; a
detachment whose duty it is to patrol.
2. Any perambulation of a particular line or
district to guard it; also, the men thus guarding; as, a
customs patrol; a fire patrol.
In France there is an army of patrols to secure her
fiscal regulations.
A. Hamilton.
Pa*trole" (?), n. & v. See
Patrol, n. & v.
Pa*trol"man (?), n.; pl.
Patrolmen (. One who patrols;
a watchman; especially, a policeman who patrols a particular
precinct of a town or city.
Pa"tron (?), n. [F., fr. L.
patronus, fr. pater a father. See
Paternal, and cf. Patroon, Padrone,
Pattern.] 1. One who protects,
supports, or countenances; a defender.
\'bdPatron of my life and liberty.\'b8 Shak.
\'bdThe patron of true holiness.\'b8 Spenser.
2. (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A master
who had freed his slave, but still retained some paternal rights
over him. (b) A man of distinction under
whose protection another person placed himself.
(c) An advocate or pleader.
Let him who works the client wrong
Beware the patron's ire.
Macaulay.
3. One who encourages or helps a person, a cause,
or a work; a furtherer; a promoter; as, a patron of
art.
4. (Eccl. Law) One who has gift and
disposition of a benefice. [Eng.]
5. A guardian saint. -- called also patron
saint.
6. (Naut.) See Padrone,
2.
Patrons of Husbandry, the grangers. See
Granger, 2.
Pa"tron, v. t. To be a patron of; to
patronize; to favor. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Pa"tron, a. Doing the duty of a patron;
giving aid or protection; tutelary.
Dryden.
Patron saint (R. C. Ch.), a saint
regarded as the peculiar protector of a country, community,
church, profession, etc., or of an individual.
Pa"tron*age (?), n. [F.
patronage. Cf. LL. patronaticum, and L.
patronatus.] 1. Special
countenance or support; favor, encouragement, or aid, afforded to
a person or a work; as, the patronage of letters;
patronage given to an author.
2. Business custom. [Commercial
Cant]
3. Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary
care.
Addison.
4. The right of nomination to political office;
also, the offices, contracts, honors, etc., which a public
officer may bestow by favor.
5. (Eng. Law) The right of presentation
to church or ecclesiastical benefice; advowson.
Blackstone.
Pa"tron*age, v. t. To act as a patron
of; to maintain; to defend. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pa"tron*al (?), a. [L.
patronalis; cf. F. patronal.]
Patron; protecting; favoring. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Pa"tron*ate (?), n. [L.
patronatus.] The right or duty of a patron;
patronage. [R.]
Westm. Rev.
Pa"tron*ess (?), n. [Cf. F.
patronnesse.] A female patron or
helper.
Spenser.
Night, best patroness of grief.
Milton.
Pa`tron*i*za"tion (?), n. The
act of patronizing; patronage; support. [R.]
Pa"tron*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Patronized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patronizing
(?).] 1. To act as patron
toward; to support; to countenance; to favor; to aid.
The idea has been patronized by two States
only.
A. Hamilton.
2. To trade with customarily; to frequent as a
customer. [Commercial Cant]
3. To assume the air of a patron, or of a superior
and protector, toward; -- used in an unfavorable sense; as,
to patronize one's equals.
Pa"tron*i`zer (?), n. One who
patronizes.
Pa"tron*i`zing (?), a. Showing
condescending favor; assuming the manner of airs of a superior
toward another. -- Pat"ron*i`zing*ly,
adv. Thackeray.
Pa"tron*less (?), a. Destitute
of a patron.
Pa`tro*nom`a*yol"o*gy (?), n.
[Gr. onomatology.]
That branch of knowledge which deals with personal names and
their origin; the study of patronymics.
Pa`tro*nym"ic (?), a. [L.
patronymicus, Gr. patronymique.] Derived from ancestors;
as, a patronymic denomination.
Pa`tro*nym"ic, n. [Gr.
A modification of the father's name borne by the son; a name
derived from that of a parent or ancestor; as,
Pelides, the son of Peleus; Johnson, the
son of John; Macdonald, the son of Donald;
Paulowitz, the son of Paul; also, the surname of
a family; the family name.
M. A. Lower.
Pa`tro*nym"ic*al (?), a. Same
as Patronymic.
Pa*troon" (?), n. [D.
patroon a patron, a protector. See
Patron.] One of the proprietors of certain
tracts of land with manorial privileges and right of entail,
under the old Dutch governments of New York and New Jersey.
Pa*troon"ship, n. The office of a
patroon.
Irving.
{ \'d8Pat`t\'82" (?), Pat*tee"
(?), } a. [F. patt\'82,
fem. patt\'82e, fr. patte paw, foot. Cf.
Patten.] (Her.) Narrow at the
inner, and very broad at the other, end, or having its arms of
that shape; -- said of a cross. See Illust. (8) of
Cross. [Written also pat\'82,
patee.]
Pat"te*mar (?), n. See
Patamar.
Pat"ten (?), n. [F.
patin a high-heeled shoe, fr. patte paw,
foot. Cf. Panton, Patt\'82.] 1.
A clog or sole of wood, usually supported by an iron ring,
worn to raise the feet from the wet or the mud.
The patten now supports each frugal dame.
Gay.
2. A stilt. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Pat"ten*ed (?), a. Wearing
pattens. \'bdSome pattened girl.\'b8
Jane Austen.
Pat"ter (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Pattered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pattering.] [Freq. of pat to
strike gently.] 1. To strike with a quick
succession of slight, sharp sounds; as, pattering
rain or hail; pattering feet.
The stealing shower is scarce to patter heard.
Thomson.
2. To mutter; to mumble; as, to patter
with the lips. Tyndale. [In this sense,
and in the following, perh. from paternoster.]
3. To talk glibly; to chatter; to harangue.
[Colloq.]
I've gone out and pattered to get money.
Mayhew.
Pat"ter, v. t. 1. To spatter;
to sprinkle. [R.] \'bdAnd patter
the water about the boat.\'b8
J. R. Drake.
2. [See Patter, v. i.,
2.] To mutter; as prayers.
[The hooded clouds] patter their doleful
prayers.
Longfellow.
To patter flash, to talk in thieves' cant.
[Slang]
Pat"ter, n. 1. A quick
succession of slight sounds; as, the patter of rain;
the patter of little feet.
2. Glib and rapid speech; a voluble harangue.
3. The cant of a class; patois; as, thieves's
patter; gypsies' patter.
Pat"ter*er (?), n. One who
patters, or talks glibly; specifically, a street peddler.
[Cant, Eng.]
Pat"tern (?), n. [OE.
patron, F. patron, a patron, also, a
pattern. See Patron.] 1. Anything
proposed for imitation; an archetype; an exemplar; that which is
to be, or is worthy to be, copied or imitated; as, a
pattern of a machine.
I will be the pattern of all patience.
Shak.
2. A part showing the figure or quality of the
whole; a specimen; a sample; an example; an instance.
He compares the pattern with the whole piece.
Swift.
3. Stuff sufficient for a garment; as, a dress
pattern.
4. Figure or style of decoration; design; as,
wall paper of a beautiful pattern.
5. Something made after a model; a copy.
Shak.
The patterns of things in the heavens.
Heb. ix. 23.
6. Anything cut or formed to serve as a guide to
cutting or forming objects; as, a dressmaker's
pattern.
7. (Founding) A full-sized model around
which a mold of sand is made, to receive the melted metal. It is
usually made of wood and in several parts, so as to be removed
from the mold without injuring it.
<-- a definable characteristic relationship between the members
of any set of objects or actions; also, the set having a
definable relationship between its members.
Thus: the distribution of bomb or shell impacts on a target
area, or of bullet holes in a target; a set of traits or actions
that appear to be consistent throughout the members of a group or
over time within a group, as behavioral pattern, traffic pattern,
dress pattern -->
Pattern box, chain, cylinder (Figure Weaving),
devices, in a loom, for presenting several shuttles to the
picker in the proper succession for forming the figure. --
Pattern card. (a) A set of samples on a
card. (b) (Weaving) One of the
perforated cards in a Jacquard apparatus. -- Pattern
reader, one who arranges textile patterns. --
Pattern wheel (Horology), a
count-wheel.
Pat"tern, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Patterned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Patterning.] 1. To
make or design (anything) by, from, or after, something that
serves as a pattern; to copy; to model; to imitate.
Milton.
[A temple] patterned from that which Adam reared in
Paradise.
Sir T. Herbert.
2. To serve as an example for; also, to
parallel.
To pattern after, to imitate; to
follow.
Pat"ty (?), n.; pl.
Patties (#). [F.
p\'83t\'82. See Pasty.] A little
pie.
Pat"ty*pan` (?), n. 1.
A pan for baking patties.
2. A patty. [Obs.]
Pat"u*lous (?), a. [L.
patulus, fr. patere to be open,
extend.] Open; expanded; slightly spreading; having
the parts loose or dispersed; as, a patulous calyx;
a patulous cluster of flowers.
The eyes are large and patulous.
Sir J. Hill.
\'d8Pau (?), n. See
Pah.
Pau*cil"o*quent (?), a.
Uttering few words; brief in speech. [R.]
Pau*cil"o*quy (?), n. [L.
pauciloquium; paucus little +
loqui to speak.] Brevity in speech.
[R.]
Pau`ci*spi"ral (?), a. [L.
paucus few + E. spiral.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having few spirals, or whorls; as,
a paucispiral operculum or shell.
Pau"ci*ty (?), n. [L.
paucitas, fr. paucus few, little: cf. F.
paucit\'82 See Few.] 1.
Fewness; smallness of number; scarcity.
Hooker.
Revelation denies it by the stern reserve, the
paucity, and the incompleteness, of its
communications.
I. Taylor.
2. Smallnes of quantity; exiguity; insufficiency;
as, paucity of blood.
Sir T. Browne.
{ Pau"gie, Pau"gy } (?),
n.; pl. Paugies (#).
[Corrupted from Amer. Indian mishcuppauog. See
Scup.] (Zo\'94l.) The scup. See
Porgy, and Scup.
Pau*hau"gen (?), n. [North
Amer. Indian.] (Zo\'94l.) The menhaden; --
called also poghaden.
Paul (?), n. See
Pawl.
Paul, n. An Italian silver coin. See
Paolo.
Paul"dron (?), n. [See
Powldron.] (Mil. Antiq.) A piece
of armor covering the shoulder at the junction of the body piece
and arm piece.
{ Pau"li*an (?), Pau"li*an*ist
(?), } n. (Eccl. Hist.)
A follower of Paul of Samosata, a bishop of
Antioch in the third century, who was deposed for denying the
divinity of Christ.
Pau"li*cian (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of
Christian dualists originating in Armenia in the seventh century.
They rejected the Old Testament and the part of the New.
<-- p. 1053 -->
Pau"lin (?), n. (Naut.)
See Tarpaulin.
Pau"line (?), a. [L.
Paulinus, fr. Paulus Paul.] Of
or pertaining to the apostle Paul, or his writings; resembling,
or conforming to, the writings of Paul; as, the
Pauline epistles; Pauline doctrine.
My religion had always been Pauline.
J. H. Newman.
Paul"ist (?), n. (R. C.
Ch.) A member of The Institute of the Missionary
Priests of St. Paul the Apostle, founded in 1858 by the Rev. I.
T. Hecker of New York. The majority of the members were formerly
Protestants.
\'d8Pau*low"ni*a (?), n. [NL.
So named from the Russian princess Anna
Pavlovna.] (Bot.) A genus of
trees of the order Scrophulariace\'91, consisting of
one species, Paulownia imperialis.
Paum (?), v. t. & i. [See
Palm to cheat.] To palm off by fraud; to
cheat at cards. [Obs.]
Swift.
Paunce (?), n. [See
Pansy.] (Bot.) The pansy.
\'bdThe pretty paunce.\'b8
Spenser.
Paunch (?), n. [OF.
panch, pance, F. panse, L.
pantex, panticis.] 1.
(Anat.) The belly and its contents; the abdomen;
also, the first stomach, or rumen, of ruminants. See
Rumen.
2. (Naut.) A paunch mat; -- called also
panch.
3. The thickened rim of a bell, struck by the
clapper.
Paunch mat (Naut.), a thick mat
made of strands of rope, used to prevent the yard or rigging from
chafing.
Paunch, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Paunched (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Paunching.] 1. To
pierce or rip the belly of; to eviscerate; to disembowel.
Shak.
2. To stuff with food. [Obs.]
Udall.
Paunch"y (?), a.
Pot-bellied. [R.]
Dickens.
Paune (?), n. A kind of bread.
See Pone.
Pau"per (?), n. [L. See
Poor.] A poor person; especially, one
development on private or public charity. Also used adjectively;
as, pouper immigrants, pouper
labor.
Pau"per*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
paup\'82risme.] The state of being a
pauper; the state of indigent persons requiring support from the
community.
Whatly.
Syn. -- Poverty; indigence; penury; want; need; destitution.
See Poverty.
Pau`per*i*za"tion (?), n. The
act or process of reducing to pauperism.
C. Kingsley.
Pau"per*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pauperized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pauperizing
(?).] To reduce to pauperism; as,
to pauperize the peasantry.
\'d8Pau*rop"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of small myriapods having
only nine pairs of legs and destitute of trache\'91.
Pause (?), n. [F., fr. L.
pausa. See Pose.] 1. A
temporary stop or rest; an intermission of action; interruption;
suspension; cessation.
2. Temporary inaction or waiting; hesitation;
suspence; doubt.
I stand in pause where I shall first begin.
Shak.
3. In speaking or reading aloud, a brief arrest or
suspension of voice, to indicate the limits and relations of
sentences and their parts.
4. In writing and printing, a mark indicating the
place and nature of an arrest of voice in reading; a punctuation
point; as, teach the pupil to mind the
pauses.
5. A break or paragraph in writing.
He writes with warmth, which usually neglects method, and
those partitions and pauses which men educated in
schools observe.
Locke.
6. (Mus.) A hold. See 4th Hold,
7.
Syn. -- Stop; cessation; suspension.
Pause, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Paused (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pausing.] [Cf. F. pauser, L.
pausare. See Pause, n.,
Pose.] 1. To make a short stop; to
cease for a time; to intermit speaking or acting; to stop; to
wait; to rest. \'bdTarry, pause a day or
two.\'b8
Shak.
Pausing while, thus to herself she mused.
Milton.
2. To be intermitted; to cease; as, the music
pauses.
3. To hesitate; to hold back; to delay.
[R.]
Why doth the Jew pause? Take thy forfeiture.
Shak.
<-- is this anti-semitic or what? -->
4. To stop in order to consider; hence, to
consider; to reflect. [R.] \'bdTake time to
pause.\'b8
Shak.
To pause upon, to deliberate concerning.
Shak.
Syn. -- To intermit; stop; stay; wait; delay; tarry;
hesitate; demur.
Pause, v. t. To cause to stop or rest;
-- used reflexively. [R.]
Shak.
Paus"er (?), n. One who
pauses.
Shak.
Paus"ing*ly, adv. With pauses;
haltingly.
Shak.
\'d8Paux"i (?), n. [From the
native name: cf. Sp. pauji.]
(Zo\'94l.) A curassow (Ourax pauxi),
which, in South America, is often domesticated.
Pav"age (?), n. [Cf. F.
pavage.] See Pavage.
[R.]
Pav"an (?), n. [F.
pavane; cf. It. & Sp. pavana, and Sp.
pavon, pavo, a peacock, L.
pavo.] A stately and formal Spanish dance
for which full state costume is worn; -- so called from the
resemblance of its movements to those of the peacock.
[Written also pavane, paven,
pavian, and pavin.]
\'d8Pa`v\'82" (?), n. [F., from
paver to pave. See Pave.] The
pavement.
\'d8Nymphe du pav\'82 ([A low euphemism.]
Pave (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Paved (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Paving.] [F.
paver to pave, LL. pavare, from L.
pavire to beat, ram, or tread down; cf. Gr. 1. To lay or cover with stone,
brick, or other material, so as to make a firm, level, or
convenient surface for horses, carriages, or persons on foot, to
travel on; to floor with brick, stone, or other solid material;
as, to pave a street; to pave a
court.<-- for vehicles -->
With silver paved, and all divine with gold.
Dryden.
To pave thy realm, and smooth the broken ways.
Gay.
2. Fig.: To make smooth, easy, and safe; to
prepare, as a path or way; as, to pave the way to
promotion; to pave the way for an enterprise.
It might open and pave a prepared way to his own
title.
Bacon.
Pave"ment (?), n. [F., fr. LL.
pavamentum, L. pavimentum. See
Pave.] That with which anythingis paved; a
floor or covering of solid material, laid so as to make a hard
and convenient surface for travel; a paved road or sidewalk; a
decorative interior floor of tiles or colored bricks.
The riches of heaven's pavement, trodden gold.
Milton.
Pavement teeth (Zo\'94l.),
flattened teeth which in certain fishes, as the skates and
cestracionts, are arranged side by side, like tiles in a
pavement.
Pave"ment, v. t. To furnish with a
pavement; to pave. [Obs.] \'bdHow richly
pavemented!\'b8
Bp. Hall.
Pav"en (?), n. See
Pavan.
Pav"er (?), n. One who paves;
one who lays a pavement. [Written also
pavier and pavior.]
Pav`e*sade" (?), n. [F. See
Pavise.] A canvas screen, formerly sometimes
extended along the side of a vessel in a naval engagement, to
conceal from the enemy the operations on board.
{ Pa*vese" (?), Pa*vesse"
(?) }, n. Pavise.
[Obs.]
Pa"vi*age (?), n. (Law)
A contribution or a tax for paving streets or
highways.
Bouvier.
Pav"i*an (?), n. See Pavan.
Pav"id (?), a. [L. pavidus,
from pavere to be afraid.] Timid; fearful.
[R.]
Thackeray.
Pa*vid"i*ty (?), n.
Timidity. [R.]
Pav"ier (?), n. A paver.
Pa"vi*iv (?), n. (Chem.)
A glucoside found in species of the genus Pavia
of the Horse-chestnut family.
Pa*vil"ion (?), n. [F.
pavillon, fr. L. pavilio a butterfly, also,
a tent, because spread out like a butterfly's wings.]
1. A temporary movable habitation; a large tent; a
marquee; esp., a tent raised on posts. \'bd[The] Greeks do
pitch their brave pavilions.\'b8
Shak.
2. (Arch.) A single body or mass of
building, contained within simple walls and a single roof,
whether insulated, as in the park or garden of a larger edifice,
or united with other parts, and forming an angle or central
feature of a large pile.
3. (Mil.) A flag, colors, ensign, or
banner.
4. (Her.) Same as Tent
(Her.)
5. That part of a brilliant which lies between the
girdle and collet. See Illust. of
Brilliant.
6. (Anat.) The auricle of the ear; also,
the fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian tube.
7. A covering; a canopy; figuratively, the
sky.
The pavilion of heaven is bare.
Shelley.
Pa*vil"ion, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pavilioned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pavilioning.] To furnish or
cover with, or shelter in, a tent or tents.
The field pavilioned with his guardians bright.
Milton.
Pav"in (?), n. See
Pavan.
Pav"ing (?), n. 1. The
act or process of laying a pavement, or covering some place with
a pavement.
2. A pavement.
Pav"ior (?), n. 1. One
who paves; a paver.
2. A rammer for driving paving stones.
3. A brick or slab used for paving.
Pa*vise (?), n. [OF.
pavaix, F. pavois; cf. It.
pavese, LL. pavense; perh. named from
Pavia in Italy.] (Mil. Antiq.) A
large shield covering the whole body, carried by a pavisor, who
sometimes screened also an archer with it. [Written
also pavais, pavese, and
pavesse.]
Fairholt.
Pa*vis"or (?), n. (Mil.
Antiq.) A soldier who carried a pavise.
\'d8Pa"vo (?), n. [L., a
peacock. See Peacock.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds, including the
peacocks.
2. (Astron.) The Peacock, a
constellation of the southern hemisphere.
Pa"von (?), n. A small
triangular flag, esp. one attached to a knight's lance; a
pennon.
Pa*vone" (?), n. [Cf. It.
pavone, Sp. pavon, fr. L.
pavo.] (Zo\'94l.) A
peacock. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Pa*vo"ni*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a peacock. [R.]
Southey.
Pav"o*nine (?), a. [L.
pavoninus, fr. pavo a peacock. See
Peacock.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Like, or pertaining to, the genus Pavo.
2. Characteristic of a peacock; resembling the tail
of a peacock, as in colors; iridescent.
P. Cleaveland.
Paw (?), n. [OE.
pawe, poue, OF. poe: cf.
patte, LG. pote, D. poot, G.
pfote.] 1. The foot of a quadruped
having claws, as the lion, dog, cat, etc.
2. The hand. [Jocose]
Dryden.
Paw clam (Zo\'94l.), the tridacna;
-- so called because shaped like an animal's
paw.
Paw, v. i. To draw the forefoot along
the ground; to beat or scrape with the forefoot.
Job xxxix. 21.
Paw, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pawing.] 1. To pass the paw
over; to stroke or handle with the paws; hence, to handle fondly
or rudely.
2. To scrape or beat with the forefoot.
His hot courser pawed the Hungarian plane.
Tickell.
Pawk (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A small lobster.
Travis.
Paw"ky (?), a. [Cf. AS.
p\'91cean to deceive.] Arch; cunning;
sly. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
Pawl (?), n. [W.
pawl a pole, a stake. Cf. Pole a
stake.] (Mach.) A pivoted tongue, or
sliding bolt, on one part of a machine, adapted to fall into
notches, or interdental spaces, on another part, as a ratchet
wheel, in such a manner as to permit motion in one direction and
prevent it in the reverse, as in a windlass; a catch, click, or
detent. See Illust. of Ratchet Wheel.
[Written also paul, or
pall.]
Pawl bitt (Naut.), a heavy timber,
set abaft the windlass, to receive the strain of the pawls.
-- Pawl rim ring
(Naut.), a stationary metallic ring surrounding
the base of a capstan, having notches for the pawls to catch
in.
Pawl, v. t. To stop with a pawl; to drop
the pawls off.
To pawl the capstan. See under
Capstan.
Pawn (?), n. See Pan,
the masticatory.
Pawn, n. [OE. paune,
poun, OF. peon, poon, F.
pion, LL. pedo a foot soldier, fr. L.
pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and
cf. Pioneer, Peon.] (Chess)
A man or piece of the lowest rank.
Pawn, n. [OF. pan pledge,
assurance, skirt, piece, F. pan skirt, lappet, piece,
from L. pannus. See Pane.] 1.
Anything delivered or deposited as security, as for the
payment of money borrowed, or of a debt; a pledge. See
Pledge, n., 1.
As for mortgaging or pawning, . . . men will not take
pawns without use [i.e., interest].
Bacon.
2. State of being pledged; a pledge for the
fulfillment of a promise. [R.]
Redeem from broking pawn the blemish'd crown.
Shak.
As the morning dew is a pawn of the evening
fatness.
Donne.
3. A stake hazarded in a wager.
[Poetic]
My life I never held but as a pawn
To wage against thy enemies.
Shak.
In pawn, At pawn, in
the state of being pledged. \'bdSweet wife, my honor is at
pawn.\'b8 Shak. -- Pawn ticket,
a receipt given by the pawnbroker for an article
pledged.
Pawn, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pawned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pawning.] 1. To give or
deposit in pledge, or as security for the payment of money
borrowed; to put in pawn; to pledge; as, to pawn
one's watch.<-- = to hock (colloq.) -->
And pawned the last remaining piece of plate.
Dryden.
2. To pledge for the fulfillment of a promise; to
stake; to risk; to wager; to hazard.
Pawning his honor to obtain his lust.
Shak.
Pawna*ble (?), a. Capable of
being pawned.
Pawn"bro`ker (?), n. One who
makes a business of lending money on the security of personal
property pledged or deposited in his keeping.
Pawn"bro`king, n. The business of a
pawnbroker.
Pawn*ee" (?), n. (Law)
One or two whom a pledge is delivered as security; one who
takes anything in pawn.
Paw`nees" (?), n. pl.; sing.
Pawnee (. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of Indians (called also Loups)
who formerly occupied the region of the Platte river, but now
live mostly in the Indian Territory. The term is often used in a
wider sense to include also the related tribes of Rickarees and
Wichitas. Called also Pani.
{ Pawn"er (?), Pawn*or"
(?), } n. (Law) One who
pawns or pledges anything as security for the payment of borrowed
money or of a debt.
Paw`paw" (?), n. (Bot.)
See Papaw.
Pax (?), n. [L. pax
peace. See Peace.] 1. (Eccl.)
The kiss of peace; also, the embrace in the sanctuary now
substituted for it at High Mass in Roman Catholic churches.
2. (R. C. Ch.) A tablet or board, on
which is a representation of Christ, of the Virgin Mary, or of
some saint and which, in the Mass, was kissed by the priest and
then by the people, in medi\'91val times; an osculatory. It is
still used in communities, confraternities, etc.
Kiss the pax, and be quiet like your neighbors.
Chapman.
Pax"il*lose` (?), a. [L.
paxillus a small stake.] (Geol.)
Resembling a little stake.
\'d8Pax*il"lus (?), n.; pl.
Paxilli (#). [L., a peg.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of a peculiar kind of spines
covering the surface of certain starfishes. They are pillarlike,
with a flattened summit which is covered with minute spinules or
granules. See Illustration in Appendix.
Pax"wax` (?), n. [For
faxvax, fr. AS. fea hair (akin to OHG.
fahs) + weaxan to grow. See Wax to
grow, and cf. Faxed, Pectinate.]
(Anat.) The strong ligament of the back of the
neck in quadrupeds. It connects the back of the skull with dorsal
spines of the cervical vertebr\'91, and helps to support the
head. Called also paxywaxy and
packwax.
Pax"y*wax`y (?), n.
(Anat.) See Paxwax.
Pay (?), v. t. [OF.
peier, fr. L. picare to pitch,
i pitch: cf. OF. peiz pitch, F.
poix. See Pitch a black substance.]
(Naut.) To cover, as bottom of a vessel, a seam,
a spar, etc., with tar or pitch, or waterproof composition of
tallow, resin, etc.; to smear.
Pay, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Paid (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Paying.] [OE. paien, F.
payer, fr. L. pacare to pacify, appease,
fr. pax, pacis, peace. See
Peace.] 1. To satisfy, or content;
specifically, to satisfy (another person) for service rendered,
property delivered, etc.; to discharge one's obligation to; to
make due return to; to compensate; to remunerate; to recompense;
to requite; as, to pay workmen or
servants.
May no penny ale them pay [i. e.,
satisfy].
P. Plowman.
[She] pays me with disdain.
Dryden.
2. Hence, figuratively: To compensate justly; to
requite according to merit; to reward; to punish; to retort or
retaliate upon.
For which, or pay me quickly, or I'll pay you.
B. Jonson.
3. To discharge, as a debt, demand, or obligation,
by giving or doing what is due or required; to deliver the amount
or value of to the person to whom it is owing; to discharge a
debt by delivering (money owed). \'bdPay me that
thou owest.\'b8
Matt. xviii. 28.
Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all.
Matt. xviii. 26.
If they pay this tax, they starve.
Tennyson.
4. To discharge or fulfill, as a duy; to perform or
render duty, as that which has been promised.
This day have I paid my vows.
Prov. vii. 14.
5. To give or offer, without an implied obligation;
as, to pay attention; to pay a
visit.
Not paying me a welcome.
Shak.
To pay off. (a) To make compensation
to and discharge; as, to pay off the crew of a
ship. (b) To allow (a thread, cord, etc.)
to run off; to unwind. -- To pay one's duty,
to render homage, as to a sovereign or other superior.
-- To pay out (Naut.), to pass out;
hence, to slacken; to allow to run out; as, to pay
out more cable. See under Cable. --
To pay the piper, to bear the cost, expense, or
trouble. [Colloq.]
Pay (?), v. i. To give a
recompense; to make payment, requital, or satisfaction; to
discharge a debt.
The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again.
Ps. xxxvii. 21.
2. Hence, to make or secure suitable return for
expense or trouble; to be remunerative or profitable; to be worth
the effort or pains required; as, it will pay to
ride; it will pay to wait; politeness always
pays.
To pay for. (a) To make amends for;
to atone for; as, men often pay for their mistakes
with loss of property or reputation, sometimes with
life. (b) To give an equivalent for; to
bear the expense of; to be mulcted on account of.
'T was I paid for your sleeps; I watched your
wakings.
Beau. & Fl.
-- To pay off. [Etymol. uncertain.]
(Naut.) To fall to leeward, as the head of a
vessel under sail. -- To pay on. [Etymol.
uncertain.] To beat with vigor; to redouble blows.
[Colloq.] -- To pay round [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Naut.) To turn the ship's
head.
Pay, n. 1. Satisfaction;
content.
Chaucer.
2. An equivalent or return for money due, goods
purchased, or services performed; salary or wages for work or
service; compensation; recompense; payment; hire; as, the
pay of a clerk; the pay of a
soldier.
Where only merit constant pay receives.
Pope.
There is neither pay nor plunder to be got.
L'Estrange.
Full pay, the whole amount of wages or salary;
maximum pay; especially, the highest pay or allowance to civil or
military officers of a certain rank, without deductions. --
Half pay. See under Half. --
Pay day, the day of settlement of accounts.
-- Pay dirt (Mining), earth which
yields a profit to the miner. [Western U.S.] --
Pay office, a place where payment is
made. -- Pay roll, a roll or list of persons
entitled to payment, with the amounts due.<-- (b) the
total sum of money which is paid to all employees on payday -->
Pay"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
payable. Cf. Pacable.] 1.
That may, can, or should be paid; suitable to be paid;
justly due.
Drayton.
Thanks are a tribute payable by the poorest.
South.
2. (Law) (a) That may be
discharged or settled by delivery of value. (b)
Matured; now due.
Pay*ee" (?), n. The person to
whom money is to be, or has been, paid; the person named in a
bill or note, to whom, or to whose order, the amount is promised
or directed to be paid. See Bill of exchange, under
Bill.
Pay"en (?), n. & a. Pagan.
[F.] [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pay"er (?), n. One who pays;
specifically, the person by whom a bill or note has been, or
should be, paid.
Pay"mas`ter (?), n. One who
pays; one who compensates, rewards, or requites; specifically, an
officer or agent of a government, a corporation, or an employer,
whose duty it is to pay salaries, wages, etc., and keep account
of the same.
Pay"ment (?), n. [F.
payment, paiement. See Pay to
requite.] 1. The act of paying, or giving
compensation; the discharge of a debt or an obligation.
No man envieth the payment of a debt.
Bacon.
2. That which is paid; the thing given in discharge
of a debt, or an obligation, or in fulfillment of a promise;
reward; recompense; requital; return.
Shak.
3. Punishment; chastisement.
[R.]
Payn (?), n. [OF. & F.
pain, fr. L. panis bread.]
Bread. Having
Piers Plowman.
Payn`de*main" (?), n. [OF.
pain bread + demaine manorial, lordly, own,
private. See Payn, and Demesne. Said to be so
called from the figure of our Lord impressed upon it.]
The finest and whitest bread made in the Middle Ages; --
called also paynemain,
payman. [Obs.]
Pay"nim (?), n & a. See
Painim.
Payn"ize (?), v. t. [From Mr.
Payne, the inventor.] To treat or preserve,
as wood, by a process resembling kyanizing.
Pay*or" (?), n. (Law)
See Payer. [R.]
Payse (?), v. t. To
poise. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Pay"tine (?), n. (Chem.)
An alkaloid obtained from a white bark resembling that of
the cinchona, first brought from Payta, in Peru.
Pea (?), n. [OF.
peis. See Poise.] The sliding
weight on a steelyard. [Written also
pee.]
Pea, n. (Naut.) See
Peak, n., 3.
Pea, n.; pl. Peas
(#) or Pease (#). [OE.
pese, fr. AS. pisa, or OF. peis,
F. pois; both fr. L. pisum; cf. Gr. s was misunderstood in English as a
plural ending. Cf. Pease.] 1.
(Bot.) A plant, and its fruit, of the genus
Pisum, of many varieties, much cultivated for food. It
has a papilionaceous flower, and the pericarp is a legume,
popularly called a pod.
peas is used; as, the pod contained
nine peas; but, in a collective sense, the form
pease is preferred; as, a bushel of pease;
they had pease at dinner. This distinction is not
always preserved, the form peas being used in both
senses.
2. A name given, especially in the Southern States,
to the seed of several leguminous plants (species of
Dolichos, Cicer, Abrus, etc.)
esp. those having a scar (hilum) of a different color
from the rest of the seed.
pea is given to many leguminous
plants more or less closely related to the common pea. See the
Phrases, below.
Beach pea (Bot.), a seashore plant,
Lathyrus maritimus. -- Black-eyed pea,
a West Indian name for Dolichos sph\'91rospermus
and its seed. -- Butterfly pea, the American
plant Clitoria Mariana, having showy blossoms. --
Chick pea. See Chick-pea. --
Egyptian pea. Same as Chick-pea. --
Everlasting pea. See under
Everlasting. -- Glory pea. See under
Glory, n. -- Hoary pea,
any plant of the genus Tephrosia; goat's rue.
-- Issue pea, Orris pea.
(Med.) See under Issue, and
Orris. -- Milk pea. (Bot.)
See under Milk. -- Pea berry, a
kind of a coffee bean or grain which grows single, and is round
or pea-shaped; often used adjectively; as, pea-berry
coffee. -- Pea bug. (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Pea weevil. -- Pea coal,
a size of coal smaller than nut coal. -- Pea
crab (Zo\'94l.), any small crab of the genus
Pinnotheres, living as a commensal in bivalves; esp.,
the European species (P. pisum) which lives in the
common mussel and the cockle. -- Pea dove
(Zo\'94l.), the American ground dove. --
Pea-flower tribe (Bot.), a suborder
(Papilionace\'91) of leguminous plants having blossoms
essentially like that of the pea. G. Bentham. --
Pea maggot (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a
European moth (Tortrix pisi), which is very
destructive to peas. -- Pea ore
(Min.), argillaceous oxide of iron, occurring in
round grains of a size of a pea; pisolitic ore. -- Pea
starch, the starch or flour of the common pea, which is
sometimes used in adulterating wheat flour, pepper, etc. --
Pea tree (Bot.), the name of several
leguminous shrubs of the genus Caragana, natives of
Siberia and China. -- Pea vine. (Bot.)
(a) Any plant which bears peas. (b)
A kind of vetch or tare, common in the United States
(Lathyrus Americana, and other similar species).
-- Pea weevil (Zo\'94l.), a small
weevil (Bruchus pisi) which destroys peas by eating
out the interior. -- Pigeon pea.
(Bot.) See Pigeon pea. -- Sweet
pea (Bot.), the annual plant Lathyrus
odoratus; also, its many-colored, sweet-scented
blossoms.
Pea"bird` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The wryneck; -- so called from its
note. [Prov. Eng.]
Pea"bod*y bird` (?). (Zo\'94l.)
An American sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis)
having a conspicuous white throat. The name is imitative of its
note. Called also White-throated
sparrow.
Peace (?), n. [OE.
pees, pais, OF. pais, paiz, pes, F.
paix, L. pax, pacis, akin to
pacere, paciscere, pacisci, to
make an agreement, and prob. also pangere to fasten.
Cf. Appease, Fair, a., Fay,
v., Fang, Pacify, Pact,
Pay to requite.] A state of quiet or
tranquillity; freedom from disturbance or agitation; calm;
repose; specifically: (a) Exemption from, or
cessation of, war with public enemies. (b)
Public quiet, order, and contentment in obedience to
law. (c) Exemption from, or subjection of,
agitating passions; tranquillity of mind or conscience.
(d) Reconciliation; agreement after variance;
harmony; concord. \'bdThe eternal love and
pees.\'b8
Chaucer.
Peace is sometimes used as an exclamation
in commanding silence, quiet, or order. \'bdPeace!
foolish woman.\'b8
Shak.
At peace, in a state of peace. --
Breach of the peace. See under
Breach. -- Justice of the peace. See
under Justice. -- Peace of God.
(Law) (a) A term used in wills,
indictments, etc., as denoting a state of peace and good
conduct. (b) (Theol.) The peace of
heart which is the gift of God. -- Peace
offering. (a) (Jewish Antiq.) A
voluntary offering to God in token of devout homage and of a
sense of friendly communion with Him. (b) A
gift or service offered as satisfaction to an offended
person. -- Peace officer, a civil officer
whose duty it is to preserve the public peace, to prevent riots,
etc., as a sheriff or constable. -- To hold one's
peace, to be silent; to refrain from speaking. --
To make one's peace with, to reconcile one with,
to plead one's cause with, or to become reconciled with, another.
\'bdI will make your peace with him.\'b8
Shak.
Peace, v. t. & i. To make or become
quiet; to be silent; to stop. [R.]
\'bdPeace your tattlings.\'b8
Shak.
When the thunder would not peace at my bidding.
Shak.
Peace"a*ble (?), a. [OE.
peisible, F. paisible.] Begin in
or at peace; tranquil; quiet; free from, or not disposed to, war,
disorder, or excitement; not quarrelsome. --
Peace"a*ble*ness, n. --
Peace"a*bly, adv.
Syn. -- Peaceful; pacific; tranquil; quiet; mild;
undisturbed; serene; still. -- Peaceable,
Peaceful. Peaceable describes the state of an
individual, nation, etc., in reference to external hostility,
attack, etc.; peaceful, in respect to internal
disturbance. The former denotes \'bdin the spirit of peace;\'b8
latter; \'bdin the possession or enjoyment of peace.\'b8 A
peaceable adjustment of difficulties; a
peaceful life, scene.
Peace"break`er (?), n. One who
disturbs the public peace. --
Peace"break`ing, n.
Peace"ful (?), a. 1.
Possessing or enjoying peace; not disturbed by war, tumult,
agitation, anxiety, or commotion; quiet; tranquil; as, a
peaceful time; a peaceful country; a
peaceful end.
2. Not disposed or tending to war, tumult or
agitation; pacific; mild; calm; peaceable; as,
peaceful words.
Syn. -- See Peaceable.
--Peace"ful*ly, adv.. --
Peace"ful*ness, n.
Peace"less, a. Without peace;
disturbed.
Sandys.
Peace"mak`er (?), n. One who
makes peace by reconciling parties that are at variance.
Matt. v. 9.
--Peace"mak`ing, n.
Peach (?), v. t. [See
Appeach, Impeach.] To accuse of
crime; to inform against. [Obs.]
Foxe.
Peach, v. i. To turn informer; to betray
one's accomplice. [Obs. or Colloq.]
If I be ta'en, I'll peach for this.
Shak.
Peach (?), n. [OE.
peche, peshe, OF. pesche, F.
p\'88che, fr. LL. persia, L.
Persicum (sc. malum) a Persian apple, a
peach. Cf. Persian, and Parsee.]
(Bot.) A well-known high-flavored juicy fruit,
containing one or two seeds in a hard almond-like endocarp or
stone; also, the tree which bears it (Prunus, ). In the wild stock the fruit is hard and
inedible.
Guinea, Sierra Leone,
peach, the large edible berry of the
Sarcocephalus esculentus, a rubiaceous climbing shrub
of west tropical Africa. -- Palm peach, the
fruit of a Venezuelan palm tree (Bactris
speciosa). -- Peach color, the pale red
color of the peach blossom. -- Peach-tree borer
(Zo\'94l.), the larva of a clearwing moth
(\'92geria, ) of the family
\'92geriid\'91, which is very destructive to peach
trees by boring in the wood, usually near the ground; also, the
moth itself. See Illust. under
Borer.
Peach"-col`ored (?), a. Of the
color of a peach blossom. \'bdPeach-colored
satin.\'b8
Shak.
Peach"er (?), n. One who
peaches. [Low]
Foxe.
Pea"chick` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The chicken of the peacock.
Peach"y (?), a. Resembling a
peach or peaches.
Pea"cock` (?), n. [OE.
pecok. Pea- in this word is from AS.
pe\'a0, p\'bewa, peacock, fr. L.
pavo, prob. of Oriental origin; cf. Gr. t\'beus, t\'bewus, Ar.
t\'bewu. See Cock the bird.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) The male of any pheasant
of the genus Pavo, of which at least two species are
known, native of Southern Asia and the East Indies.
Pavo cristatus. The
Javan peacock (P. muticus) is more brilliantly colored
than the common species.
2. In common usage, the species in general or
collectively; a peafowl.
Peacock butterfly (Zo\'94l.), a
handsome European butterfly (Hamadryas Io) having
ocelli like those of peacock. -- Peacock fish
(Zo\'94l.), the European blue-striped wrasse
(Labrus variegatus); -- so called on account of its
brilliant colors. Called also cook wrasse and
cook. -- Peacock pheasant
(Zo\'94l.), any one of several species of handsome
Asiatic pheasants of the genus Polyplectron. They
resemble the peacock in color.
Pea"fowl` (?), n. [See
Peacock.] (Zo\'94l.) The peacock
or peahen; any species of Pavo.
Pe"age (?), n. See
Paage.
Pea"grit` (?), n. (Min.)
A coarse pisolitic limestone. See Pisolite.
Pea"hen` (?), n. [See
Peacock.] (Zo\'94l.) The hen or
female peafowl.
Pea"-jack`et (?), n. [Prob. fr.
D. pij, pije, a coat of a coarse woolen
stuff.] A thick loose woolen jacket, or coat, much
worn by sailors in cold weather.
Peak (?), n. [OE.
pek, AS. peac, perh of Celtic origin; cf.
Ir. peac a sharp-pointed thing. Cf.
Pike.] 1. A point; the sharp end or
top of anything that terminates in a point; as, the
peak, or front, of a cap. \'bdRun your beard
into a peak.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
2. The top, or one of the tops, of a hill,
mountain, or range, ending in a point; often, the whole hill or
mountain, esp. when isolated; as, the Peak of
Teneriffe.
Silent upon a peak in Darien.
Keats.
3. (Naut.) (a) The upper
aftermost corner of a fore-and-aft sail; -- used in many
combinations; as, peak-halyards,
peak-brails, etc. (b) The
narrow part of a vessel's bow, or the hold within it.
(c) The extremity of an anchor fluke; the
bill. [In the last sense written also pea
and pee.]
Fore peak. (Naut.) See under
Fore.
Peak, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Peaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Peaking.] 1. To rise or extend
into a peak or point; to form, or appear as, a peak.
There peaketh up a mighty high mount.
Holand.
2. To acquire sharpness of figure or features;
hence, to look thin or sicky. \'bdDwindle, peak,
and pine.\'b8
Shak.
3. [Cf. Peek.] To pry; to peep
slyly.
Shak.
Peak arch (Arch.), a pointed or
Gothic arch.
Peak, v. t. (Naut.) To raise
to a position perpendicular, or more nearly so; as, to
peak oars, to hold them upright; to peak a gaff
or yard, to set it nearer the perpendicular.
Peaked (?), a. 1.
Pointed; ending in a point; as, a peaked
roof.
2. (Oftener Sickly; not
robust. [Colloq.]
<-- p. 1055 -->
Peak"ing (?), a. 1.
Mean; sneaking. [Vulgar]
2. Pining; sickly; peakish.
[Colloq.]
Peak"ish, a. 1. Of or relating
to a peak; or to peaks; belonging to a mountainous region.
\'bdHer peakish spring.\'b8 Drayton. \'bdHis
peakish dialect.\'b8 Bp. Hall.
2. Having peaks; peaked.
3. Having features thin or sharp, as from sickness;
hence, sickly. [Colloq.]
Peak"y (?), a. 1.
Having a peak or peaks.
Tennyson.
2. Sickly; peaked. [Colloq.]
Peal (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A small salmon; a
grilse; a sewin. [Prov. Eng.]
Peal, v. i. To appeal.
[Obs.]
Spencer.
Peal, n. [An abbrev. of F.
appel a call, appeal, ruffle of a drum, fr.
appeller to call, L. appellare. See
Appeal.] 1. A loud sound, or a
succession of loud sounds, as of bells, thunder, cannon, shouts,
of a multitude, etc. \'bdA fair peal of
artillery.\'b8
Hayward.
Whether those peals of praise be his or no.
Shak.
And a deep thunder, peal on peal,
afar.
Byron.
2. A set of bells tuned to each other according to
the diatonic scale; also, the changes rung on a set of
bells.
To ring a peal. See under
Ring.
Peal, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Pealed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pealing.] 1. To utter or give
out loud sounds.
There let the pealing organ blow.
Milton.
2. To resound; to echo.
And the whole air pealed
With the cheers of our men.
Longfellow.
Peal, v. t. 1. To utter or give
forth loudly; to cause to give out loud sounds; to noise
abroad.
The warrior's name,
Though pealed and chimed on all the tongues of
fame.
J. Barlow.
2. To assail with noise or loud sounds.
Nor was his ear less pealed.
Milton.
3. To pour out. [Prov. Eng.]
Halliwell.
Pean (?), n. [OF.
pene, F. panne.] (Her.)
One of the furs, the ground being sable, and the
spots or tufts or.
Pe"an (?), n. A song of praise
and triumph. See P\'91an.
Pe"an*ism (?), n. [Gr. The song or shout of
praise, of battle, or of triumph. [R.]
Pea"nut (?), n. (Bot.)
The fruit of a trailing leguminous plant (Arachis
hypog\'91a); also, the plant itself, which is widely
cultivated for its fruit.
earthnut,
groundnut, and goober.
Pear (?), n. [OE.
pere, AS. peru, L. pirum: cf. F.
poire. Cf. Perry.] (Bot.)
The fleshy pome, or fruit, of a rosaceous tree (Pyrus
communis), cultivated in many varieties in temperate
climates; also, the tree which bears this fruit. See Pear
family, below.
Pear blight. (a) (Bot.) A
name of two distinct diseases of pear trees, both causing a
destruction of the branches, viz., that caused by a minute insect
(Xyleborus pyri), and that caused by the freezing of
the sap in winter. A. J. Downing. (b)
(Zo\'94l.) A very small beetle (Xyleborus
pyri) whose larv\'91 bore in the twigs of pear trees and
cause them to wither. -- Pear family
(Bot.), a suborder of rosaceous plants
(Pome\'91), characterized by the calyx tube becoming
fleshy in fruit, and, combined with the ovaries, forming a pome.
It includes the apple, pear, quince, service berry, and
hewthorn. -- Pear gauge (Physics),
a kind of gauge for measuring the exhaustion of an air-pump
receiver; -- so called because consisting in part of a
pear-shaped glass vessel. Pear shell
(Zo\'94l.), any marine gastropod shell of the
genus Pyrula, native of tropical seas; -- so called
from the shape. -- Pear slug
(Zo\'94l.), the larva of a sawfly which is very
injurious to the foliage of the pear tree.
<-- Illustr. of pear slug (Celandria cerasi) -->
Pearch (?), n. [Obs.]
See Perch.
Pearl (?), n. A fringe or
border. [Obs.] -- v. t.
To fringe; to border. [Obs.] See
Purl.
Pearl stitch. See Purl stitch,
under Purl.
Pearl, n. [OE. perle, F.
perle, LL. perla, perula,
probably fr. (assumed) L. pirulo, dim. of L.
pirum a pear. See Pear, and cf. Purl
to mantle.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A shelly
concretion, usually rounded, and having a brilliant luster, with
varying tints, found in the mantle, or between the mantle and
shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the pearl
oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves. It
is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance around some
irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as nacre,
or mother-of-pearl. Pearls which are round, or nearly round, and
of fine luster, are highly esteemed as jewels, and compare in
value with the precious stones.
2. Hence, figuratively, something resembling a
pearl; something very precious.
I see thee compassed with thy kingdom's pearl.
Shak.
And those pearls of dew she wears.
Milton.
3. Nacre, or mother-of-pearl.
4. (Zo\'94l.) A fish allied to the
turbot; the brill.
5. (Zo\'94l.) A light-colored
tern.
6. (Zo\'94l.) One of the circle of
tubercles which form the bur on a deer's antler.
7. A whitish speck or film on the eye.
[Obs.]
Milton.
8. A capsule of gelatin or similar substance
containing some liquid for medicinal application, as ether.
9. (Print.) A size of type, between
agate and diamond.
\'b5 This line is printed in the type called
pearl.
Ground pearl. (Zo\'94l.) See under
Ground. -- Pearl barley, kernels of
barley, ground so as to form small, round grains. --
Pearl diver, one who dives for pearl oysters.
-- Pearl edge, an edge of small loops on the side
of some kinds of ribbon; also, a narrow kind of thread edging to
be sewed on lace. -- Pearl eye,
cataract. [R.] -- Pearl
gray, a very pale and delicate blue-gray
color. -- Pearl millet, Egyptian millet
(Penicillaria spicata). -- Pearl moss.
See Carrageen. -- Pearl moth
(Zo\'94l.), any moth of the genus
Margaritia; -- so called on account of its pearly
color. -- Pearl oyster (Zo\'94l.),
any one of several species of large tropical marine bivalve
mollusks of the genus Meleagrina, or
Margaritifera, found in the East Indies (especially at
Ceylon), in the Persian Gulf, on the coast of Australia, and on
the Pacific coast of America. Called also pearl
shell, and pearl mussel. --
Pearl powder. See Pearl white,
below. -- Pearl sago, sago in the form of
small pearly grains. -- Pearl sinter
(Min.), fiorite. -- Pearl spar
(Min.), a crystallized variety of dolomite, having
a pearly luster. -- Pearl white. (a)
Basic bismuth nitrate, or bismuth subchloride; -- used
chiefly as a cosmetic. (b) A variety of white
lead blued with indigo or Berlin blue.<-- cultured
pearl, a pearl grown by a pearl oyster into which a round pellet
has been placed, to serve as the seed for more predictable growth
of the pearl. The pellet is usually made from mother-of-pearl,
and additional layers of nacre are deposited onto the seed by the
oyster. Such pearls, being more easily obtained than natural
pearls, are less expensive. -->
Pearl (?), a. Of or pertaining
to pearl or pearls; made of pearls, or of mother-of-pearl.
Pearl, v. t. 1. To set or adorn
with pearls, or with mother-of-pearl. Used also
figuratively.
2. To cause to resemble pearls; to make into small
round grains; as, to pearl barley.
Pearl, v. i. 1. To resemble
pearl or pearls.
2. To give or hunt for pearls; as, to go
pearling.
Pearl*a"ceous (?), a.
Resembling pearl or mother-of-pearl; pearly in quality or
appearance.
Pearl"ash` (?), n.
(Chem.) A white amorphous or granular substance
which consists principally of potassium carbonate, and has a
strong alkaline reaction. It is obtained by lixiviating wood
ashes, and evaporating the lye, and has been an important source
of potassium compounds. It is used in making soap, glass,
etc.
Pearl"-eyed` (?), a. Having a
pearly speck in the eye; afflicted with the cataract.
Pearl"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any fish whose scales yield a
pearl-like pigment used in manufacturing artificial pearls, as
the bleak, and whitebait.
{ Pearl"ins (?), Pearl"ings
(?), } n. pl. [Prob. a corruption
of purflings. See Purfle.] A kind
of lace of silk or thread. [Scot.]
Sir W. Scott.
{ Pearl"ite (?), Pearl"stone`
(?), } n. (Min.) A
glassy volcanic rock of a grayish color and pearly luster, often
having a spherulitic concretionary structure due to the curved
cracks produced by contraction in cooling. See Illust.
under Perlitic.
Pearl"wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) A name given to several species of
Sagina, low and inconspicuous herbs of the Chickweed
family.
Pearl"y (?), a. 1.
Containing pearls; abounding with, or yielding, pearls;
as, pearly shells.
Milton.
2. Resembling pearl or pearls; clear; pure;
transparent; iridescent; as, the pearly dew or
flood.
Pear"main (?), n. (Bot.)
The name of several kinds of apples; as, the blue
pearmain, winter pearmain, and red
pearmain.
Pear"-shaped` (?), a. Of the
form of a pear.
Peart (?), a. [A variant of
pert, a.] Active; lively; brisk;
smart; -- often applied to convalescents; as, she is quite
peart to-day. [O. Eng. & Colloq. U.
S.]
There was a tricksy girl, I wot, albeit clad in gray,
As peart as bird, as straight as bolt, as fresh as
flowers in May.
Warner (1592).
Peas"ant (?), n. [OF.
pa\'8bsant (the i being perh. due to
confusion with the p.pr. of verbs), pa\'8bsan, F.
paysan, fr. OF. & F. pays country, fr. L.
pagus the country. See Pagan.] A
countryman; a rustic; especially, one of the lowest class of
tillers of the soil in European countries.
Syn. -- Countryman; rustic; swain; hind.
Peas"ant, a. Rustic, rural.
Spenser.
Peas"ant*like` (?), a. Rude;
clownish; illiterate.
Peas"ant*ly, a. Peasantlike.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Peas"ant*ry (?), n. 1.
Peasants, collectively; the body of rustics. \'bdA
bold peasantry.\'b8
Goldsmith.
2. Rusticity; coarseness. [Obs.]
p. Butler.
Peas"cod` (?), n. The legume or
pericarp, or the pod, of the pea.
Pease (?), n.;
obs.pl. Peases (#),
Peasen (#). [See
Pea.] 1. A pea.
[Obs.] \'bdA peose.\'b8 \'bdBread . . .
of beans and of peses.\'b8
Piers Plowman.
2. A plural form of Pea. See the Note
under Pea.
Pea"stone` (?), n. (Min.)
Pisolite.
Peas"weep` (?), n. [So called
from its note.] [Prov. Eng.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The pewit, or
lapwing. (b) The greenfinch.
Peat (?), n. [Cf. Pet
a fondling.] A small person; a pet; -- sometimes used
contemptuously. [Obs.]
Shak.
Peat, n. [Prob. for beat,
prop., material used to make the fire burn better, fr.
AS. b to better, mend (a fire), b
advantage. See Better, Boot advantage.]
A substance of vegetable origin, consisting of roots and
fibers, moss, etc., in various stages of decomposition, and
found, as a kind of turf or bog, usually in low situations, where
it is always more or less saturated with water. It is often dried
and used for fuel.
Peat bog, a bog containing peat; also, peat as
it occurs in such places; peat moss. -- Peat
moss. (a) The plants which, when decomposed,
become peat. (b) A fen producing peat.
(c) (Bot.) Moss of the genus
Sphagnum, which often grows abundantly in boggy or
peaty places. -- Peat reek, the reek or smoke
of peat; hence, also, the peculiar flavor given to whisky by
being distilled with peat as fuel. [Scot.]
Peat"y (?), a. Composed of
peat; abounding in peat; resembling peat.
Pe"ba (?), n. [Cf. Pg.
peba.] (Zo\'94l.) An armadillo
(Tatusia novemcincta) which is found from Texas to
Paraguay; -- called also tatouhou.
Peb"ble (?), n. [AS.
papolst\'ben; cf. L. papula pimple, mote.
See Stone.] 1. A small roundish
stone or bowlder; especially, a stone worn and rounded by the
action of water; a pebblestone. \'bdThe pebbles
on the hungry beach.\'b8
Shak.
As children gathering pebbles on the shore.
Milton.
2. Transparent and colorless rock crystal; as,
Brazilian pebble; -- so called by opticians.
Pebble powder, slow-burning gunpowder, in
large cubical grains. -- Scotch pebble,
varieties of quartz, as agate, chalcedony, etc., obtained
from cavities in amygdaloid.
Peb"ble, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pebbled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pebbling.] To grain (leather) so as to
produce a surface covered with small rounded prominences.
Peb"bled (?), a. Abounding in
pebbles.
Thomson.
Peb"ble*stone` (?). A pebble; also,
pebbles collectively. \'bdChains of
pebblestone.\'b8
Marlowe.
Peb"bly (?), a. Full of
pebbles; pebbled. \'bdA hard, pebbly bottom.\'b8
Johnson.
\'d8Pe`brine" (?), n.
[F.] An epidemic disease of the silkworm,
characterized by the presence of minute vibratory corpuscles in
the blood.
Pe*can" (?), n. [Cf. F.
pacane the nut.] (Bot.) A
species of hickory (Carya oliv\'91formis), growing in
North America, chiefly in the Mississippi valley and in Texas,
where it is one of the largest of forest trees; also, its fruit,
a smooth, oblong nut, an inch or an inch and a half long, with a
thin shell and well-flavored meat. [Written also
pacane.]
Pec"a*ry (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Peccary.
Pec`ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
state or quality of being peccable; lability to sin.
The common peccability of mankind.
Dr. H. More.
Pec"ca*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
peccable. See Peccant.] Liable to
sin; subject to transgress the divine law. \'bdA frail and
peccable mortal.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Pec`ca*dil"lo (?), n; pl.
Peccadillos (#). [Sp.
pecadillo, dim. of pecado a sin, fr. L.
peccatum. See Peccant.] A slight
trespass or offense; a petty crime or fault.
Sir W. Scott.
Pec"can*cy (?), n. [L.
peccantia.] 1. The quality or
state of being peccant.
2. A sin; an offense.
W. Montagu.
Pec"cant (?), a. [L.
peccans, -antis, p.pr. of
peccare to sin: cf. F. peccant.]
1. Sinning; guilty of transgression; criminal;
as, peccant angels.
Milton.
2. Morbid; corrupt; as, peccant
humors.
Bacon.
3. Wrong; defective; faulty.
[R.]
Ayliffe.
Pec"cant, n. An offender.
[Obs.]
Whitlock.
Pec"cant*ly, adv. In a peccant
manner.
Pec"ca*ry (?), n.; pl.
Peccaries (#). [From the native
South American name: cf. F. p\'82cari, Sp.
pecar.] (Zo\'94l.) A pachyderm
of the genus Dicotyles.
Dicotyles
torquatus), is about the size and shape of a small hog, and
has a white ring aroung the neck. It ranges from Arkansas to
Brazil. A larger species (D. labiatus), with white
cheeks, is found in South America.
\'d8Pec*ca"vi (?). [L.] I have
sinned; -- used colloquially to express confession or
acknowledgment of an offense.
Aubrey.
<-- seldom used -- same purpose served by mea culpa -->
Pec"co (?), n. See
Pekoe.
Peck, n. [Perh. akin to pack;
or, orig., an indefinite quantity, and fr. peck, v.
(below): cf. also F. picotin a peak.]
1. The fourth part of a bushel; a dry measure of
eight quarts; as, a peck of wheat. \'bdA
peck of provender.\'b8
Shak.
2. A great deal; a large or excessive
quantity. \'bdA peck of uncertainties and
doubts.\'b8 Milton.
Peck, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pecked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pecking.] [See Pick,
v.] 1. To strike with the beak; to
thrust the beak into; as, a bird pecks a
tree.
2. Hence: To strike, pick, thrust against, or dig
into, with a pointed instrument; especially, to strike, pick,
etc., with repeated quick movements.
3. To seize and pick up with the beak, or as with
the beak; to bite; to eat; -- often with up.
Addison.
This fellow pecks up wit as pigeons peas.
Shak.
4. To make, by striking with the beak or a pointed
instrument; as, to peck a hole in a tree.
Peck, v. i. 1. To make strokes
with the beak, or with a pointed instrument.
Carew.
2. To pick up food with the beak; hence, to
eat.
[The hen] went pecking by his side.
Dryden.
To peck at, to attack with petty and repeated
blows; to carp at; to nag; to tease.
<-- p. 1056 -->
Peck (?), n. A quick, sharp
stroke, as with the beak of a bird or a pointed instrument.
Peck"er (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, pecks; specif., a bird that pecks holes in
trees; a woodpecker.
2. An instrument for pecking; a pick.
Garth.
Flower pecker. (Zo\'94l.) See under
Flower.
Peck"ish, a. Inclined to eat;
hungry. [Colloq.] \'bdWhen shall I feel
peckish again?\'b8
Beaconsfield.
Pec"kled (?), a. Speckled;
spotted. [Obs.]
\'d8Pe*cop"te*ris (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr.
(Paleon.) An extensive genus of fossil ferns; --
so named from the regular comblike arrangement of the
leaflets.
\'d8Pec"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL.,
fr. L. pecus. See Pecuniary.]
(Zo\'94l.) An extensive division of ruminants,
including the antelopes, deer, and cattle.
Pec"tate (?), n. (Chem.)
A salt of pectic acid.
Pec"ten (?), n. [L.
pecten, -inis, a comb, a kind of shellfish.
See Pectinate.] 1. (Anat.)
(a) A vascular pigmented membrane projecting into
the vitreous humor within the globe of the eye in birds, and in
many reptiles and fishes; -- also called
marsupium. (b) The pubic
bone.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of bivalve
mollusks of the genus Pecten, and numerous allied
genera (family Pectinid\'91); a scallop. See
Scallop.
3. (Zo\'94l.) The comb of a scorpion.
See Comb, 4 (b).
Pec"tic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to
pectin; specifically, designating an acid obtained from ordinary
vegetable jelly (pectin) as an amorphous substance, tough and
horny when dry, but gelatinous when moist.
Pec"tin (?), n. [Gr. pectine.] (Chem.) One of a
series of carbohydrates, commonly called vegetable
jelly, found very widely distributed in the vegetable
kingdom, especially in ripe fleshy fruits, as apples,
cranberries, etc. It is extracted as variously colored,
translucent substances, which are soluble in hot water but become
viscous on cooling.
Pec"ti*nal (?), a. [L.
pecten comb. See Pectinate.] Of or
pertaining to a comb; resembling a comb.
Pec"ti*nal, n. A fish whose bone
Sir T. Browne.
{ Pec"ti*na`te (?), Pec"ti*na`ted
(?), } a. [L.
pectinatus, p.pr. of pectinare to comb,
from pecten, -inis, a comb; cf. Gr. feax hair, OHG. fahs, E.
paxwax.] 1. Resembling the teeth
of a comb.
2. (Nat. Hist.) Having very narrow,
close divisions, in arrangement and regularity resembling those
of a comb; comblike; as, a pectinate leaf;
pectinated muscles. See Illust.
(e) of Antenn\'91.
3. Interlaced, like two combs.
[R.] \'bdOur fingers pectinated, or shut
together.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Pectinate claw (Zo\'94l.), a claw
having a serrate edge, found in some birds, and supposed to be
used in cleaning the feathers.
Pec"ti*nate*ly (?), adv. In a
pectinate manner.
Pec`ti*na"tion (?), n. 1.
The state of being pectinated; that which is
pectinated.
Sir T. Browne.
2. The act of combing; the combing of the
head.
3. (Nat. Hist.) Comblike toothing.
Pec*tin"e*al (?), a. [See
Pecten.] (Anat.) (a) Of
or pertaining to the pecten. (b) Relating to,
or connected with, the pubic bone.
Pec*tin"i*branch (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Pectinibranchiata. Also
used adjectively.
\'d8Pec`ti*ni*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n.
pl. [NL. See Pecten, and
Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) A division
of Gastropoda, including those that have a comblike gill upon the
neck.
Pec`ti*ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a.
[L. pecten, -inis, a comb + E.
branchiate.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
pectinated gills.
Pec*tin"i*form (?), a. Comblike
in form.
Pec*tize" (?), v. i. [Gr. To congeal; to change into a gelatinous
mass. [R.]
H. Spencer.
Pec"to*lite (?), n. [L.
pecten a comb + -lite.]
(Min.) A whitish mineral occurring in radiated or
fibrous crystalline masses. It is a hydrous silicate of lime and
soda.
Pec"to*ral (?), a. [L.
pectoralis, fr. pectus, -oris
the breast; cf. F. pectoral.] 1.
Of or pertaining to the breast, or chest; as, the
pectoral muscles.
2. Relating to, or good for, diseases of the chest
or lungs; as, a pectoral remedy.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Having the breast
conspicuously colored; as, the pectoral
sandpiper.
Pectoral arch, Pectoral
girdle (Anat.), the two or more bony
or cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the
fore limbs are articulated; the shoulder girdle. In man it
consists of two bones, the scapula and clavicle, on each
side. -- Pectorial cross (Eccl.),
a cross worn on the breast by bishops and abbots, and
sometimes also by canons. -- Pectorial
fins, Pectorials (Zo\'94l.),
fins situated on the sides, behind the gills. See
Illust. under Fin. -- Pectorial
rail. (Zo\'94l.) See Land rail
(b) under Land. -- Pectorial
sandpiper (Zo\'94l.), the jacksnipe
(b).
Pec"to*ral (?), n. [L.
pectorale a breastplate, neut. of
pectorials.] 1. A covering or
protecting for the breast.
2. (Eccl.) (a) A breastplate,
esp. that worn by the Jewish high person. (b)
A clasp or a cross worn on the breast.
3. A medicine for diseases of the chest organs,
especially the lungs.
Pec"to*ral*ly (?), adv. As
connected with the breast.
Pec`to*ri*lo"qui*al (?), a.
[Cf. F. pectoriloque.] Pertaining to,
or of the nature of, pectoriloquy.
Pec`to*ril"o*quism (?), n.
Pectoriloquy.
Pec`to*ril"o*quous (?), a.
Pectoriloquial.
Pec`to*ril"o*quy (?), n. [L.
pectus, -oris, the breast +
loqui to speak: cf. F.
pectoriloquie.] (Med.) The
distinct articulation of the sounds of a patient's voice, heard
on applying the ear to the chest in auscultation. It usually
indicates some morbid change in the lungs or pleural
cavity.
Pec"tose` (?), n.
[Pectic + cellulose.]
(Chem.) An amorphous carbohydrate found in the
vegetable kingdom, esp. in unripe fruits. It is associated with
cellulose, and is converted into substances of the pectin
group.
Pec*to"sic (?), a.
(Chem.)Of, pertaining to, resembling, or derived
from, pectose; specifically, designating an acid supposed to
constitute largely ordinary pectin or vegetable jelly.
\'d8Pec*tos"tra*ca (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A degenerate order of Crustacea,
including the Rhizocephala and Cirripedia.
Pec"tous (?), a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, pectose.
\'d8Pec"tus (?), n.; pl.
Pectora (#). [L., the
breast.] (Zo\'94l.) The breast of a
bird.
Pec"ul (?), n. See
Picul.
Pec"u*late (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Peculated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Peculating.] [L. peculatus,
p.p. of peculari to peculate, akin to
peculium private property. See
Peculiar.] To appropriate to one's own use
the property of the public; to steal public moneys intrusted to
one's care; to embezzle.
An oppressive, . . . rapacious, and peculating
despotism.
Burke.
Pec`u*la"tion (?), n. The act
or practice of peculating, or of defrauding the public by
appropriating to one's own use the money or goods intrusted to
one's care for management or disbursement; embezzlement.
Every British subject . . . active in the discovery of
peculations has been ruined.
Burke.
Pec"u*la`tor (?), n. [L.]
One who peculates. \'bdPeculators of the
public gold.\'b8
Cowper.
Pe*cul"iar (?), a. [L.
peculiaris, fr. peculium private property,
akin to pecunia money: cf. OF. peculier.
See Pecuniary.] 1. One's own;
belonging solely or especially to an individual; not possessed by
others; of private, personal, or characteristic possession and
use; not owned in common or in participation.
And purify unto himself a peculiar people.
Titus ii. 14.
Hymns . . . that Christianity hath peculiar unto
itself.
Hooker.
2. Particular; individual; special;
appropriate.
While each peculiar power forgoes his wonted
seat.
Milton.
My fate is Juno's most peculiar care.
Dryden.
3. Unusual; singular; rare; strange; as, the
sky had a peculiarappearance.
Syn. -- Peculiar, Special,
Especial. Peculiar is from the
Roman peculium, which was a thing emphatically and
distinctively one's own, and hence was dear. The former sense
always belongs to peculiar (as, a peculiar
style, peculiar manners, etc.), and usually so much of
the latter as to involve feelings of interest; as,
peculiar care, watchfulness, satisfaction, etc.
Nothing of this kind belongs to special and
especial. They mark simply the relation of
species to genus, and denote that there is
something in this case more than ordinary; as, a
special act of Congress; especial pains,
etc.
Beauty, which, either walking or asleep,
Shot forth peculiar graces.
Milton.
For naught so vile that on the earth doth live,
But to the earth some special good doth give.
Shak.
Pe*cul"iar, n. 1. That which is
peculiar; a sole or exclusive property; a prerogative; a
characteristic.
Revenge is . . . the peculiar of Heaven.
South.
2. (Eng. Canon Law) A particular parish
or church which is exempt from the jurisdiction of the
ordinary.
Court of Peculiars (Eng. Law), a
branch of the Court of Arches having cognizance of the affairs of
peculiars. Blackstone. -- Dean of
peculiars. See under Dean, 1.
Pe*cul`iar"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Peculiarities (. 1.
The quality or state of being peculiar; individuality;
singularity.
Swift.
2. That which is peculiar; a special and
distinctive characteristic or habit; particularity.
The smallest peculiarity of temper on manner.
Macaulay.
3. Exclusive possession or right.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Pe*cul"iar*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pecularized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pecularizing
(?).] To make peculiar; to set appart
or assign, as an exclusive possession. [R.]
Dr. John Smith.
Pe*cul"iar*ly, adv. In a peculiar
manner; particulary; in a rare and striking degree;
unusually.
Pe*cul"iar*ness, n. The quality or state
of being peculiar; peculiarity.
Mede.
\'d8Pe*cu"li*um (?), n. [L. See
Peculiar.] 1. (Rom. Law)
The saving of a son or a slave with the father's or master's
consent; a little property or stock of one's own; any exclusive
personal or separate property.
Burrill.
2. A special fund for private and personal
uses.
A slight peculium only subtracted to supply his
snuff box and tobacco pouch.
Sir W. Scott.
Pe*cu"ni*al (?), a.
Pecuniary. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pe*cun"ia*ri*ly (?), adv. In a
pecuniary manner; as regards money.
Pe*cun"ia*ry (?), a. [L.
pecuniarius, fr. pecunia money, orig.,
property in cattle, fr. pecus cattle: cf. F.
p\'82cuniaire. See Fee, and cf.
Peculiar.] 1. Relating to money;
monetary; as, a pecuniary penalty; a
pecuniary reward.
Burke.
Pe*cu"ni*ous (?), a. [L.
pecuniosus, fr. pecunia: cf. F.
p\'82cunieux.] Abounding in money; wealthy;
rich. [Obs.]
Sherwood.
Ped (?), n. [OE. See
Peddler.] A basket; a hammer; a
pannier. [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Ped"age (?), n. [LL.
pedagium, for pedaticum. See
Paage.] A toll or tax paid by passengers,
entitling them to safe-conduct and protection.
[Obs.]
Spelman.
Ped"a*gog (?), n.
Pedagogue.
Ped`a*gog"ic (?), n. [From
Pedagogic, a.; cf. G.
pedagogik.] See Pedagogics.
{ Ped`a*gog"ic (?),
Ped`a*gog"ic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. p\'82dagogique. See
Pedagogue.] Of or pertaining to a pedagogue;
suited to, or characteristic of, a pedagogue.
Ped`a*gog"ics (?), n. The
science or art of teaching; the principles and rules of teaching;
pedagogy.
Ped"a*gog*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
p\'82dagogisme.] The system, occupation,
character, or manner of pedagogues.
Milton.
Avocation of pedantry and pedagogism.
De Foe.
Ped"a*gogue (?), n. [F.
p\'82dagogue, L. paedagogus, Gr. Page a servant, Agent.] 1.
(Gr. Antiq.) A slave who led his master's
children to school, and had the charge of them generally.
2. A teacher of children; one whose occupation is
to teach the young; a schoolmaster.
3. One who by teaching has become formal, positive,
or pedantic in his ways; one who has the manner of a
schoolmaster; a pedant.
Goldsmith.
Ped"a*gogue, v. t. [Cf. L.
paedagogare to instruct.] To play the
pedagogue toward. [Obs.]
Prior.
Ped"a*go`gy (?), n. [Gr. p\'82dagogie.] Pedagogics;
pedagogism.
South.
Pe"dal (?), a. [L.
pedalis, fr. pes, pedis, foot.
See Foot, and cf. Pew.] 1.
Of or pertaining to the foot, or to feet, literally or
figuratively; specifically (Zo\'94l.), pertaining to
the foot of a mollusk; as, the pedal
ganglion.
2. ( Of or pertaining to a pedal;
having pedals.
Pedal curve surface
(Geom.), the curve or surface which is the locus
of the feet of perpendiculars let fall from a fixed point upon
the straight lines tangent to a given curve, or upon the planes
tangent to a given surface. -- Pedal note
(Mus.), the note which is held or sustained
through an organ point. See Organ point, under
Organ. -- Pedal organ (Mus.),
an organ which has pedals or a range of keys moved by the
feet; that portion of a full organ which is played with the
feet.
Pe"dal (?), n. [Cf. F.
p\'82dale, It. pedale. See Pedal,
a.] 1. (Mech.) A lever
or key acted on by the foot, as in the pianoforte to raise the
dampers, or in the organ to open and close certain pipes; a
treadle, as in a lathe or a bicycle.
2. (Geom.) A pedal curve or
surface.
Pe*da"li*an (?), a. Relating to
the foot, or to a metrical foot; pedal. [R.]
Maunder.
Pe*dal"i*ty (?), n. The act of
measuring by paces. [R.]
Ash.
Pe*da"ne*ous (?), a. [L.
pedaneus of the size of a foot.] Going on
foot; pedestrian. [R.]
Ped"ant (?), n. [F.
p\'82dant, It. pedante, fr. Gr. pai^s boy. See
Pedagogue.] 1. A schoolmaster; a
pedagogue. [Obs.]
Dryden.
A pedant that keeps a school i'th' church.
Shak.
2. One who puts on an air of learning; one who
makes a vain display of learning; a pretender to superior
knowledge.
Addison.
A scholar, yet surely no pedant, was he.
Goldsmith.
{ Pe*dan"tic (?), Pe*dan"tic*al
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to a
pedant; characteristic of, or resembling, a pedant; ostentatious
of learning; as, a pedantic writer; a
pedantic description; a pedantical
affectation. \'bdFigures pedantical.\'b8
Shak.
Pe*dan"tic*al*ly, adv. In a pedantic
manner.
Pe*dan"tic*ly (?), adv.
Pedantically. [R.]
Ped"ant*ism (?), n. The office,
disposition, or act of a pedant; pedantry.
[Obs.]
Ped"ant*ize (?), v. i. [Cf. F.
p\'82dantiser.] To play the pedant; to use
pedantic expressions. [R.]
Ped`an*toc"ra*cy (?), n.
[Pedant + democracy.] The
sway of pedants. [R.]
J. S. Mill.
Ped"ant*ry (?), n. [Cf. F.
p\'82danterie.] The act, character, or
manners of a pedant; vain ostentation of learning. \'bdThis
pedantry of quotation.\'b8
Cowley.
'T is a practice that savors much of pedantry.
Sir T. Browne.
Ped"ant*y (?), n. An assembly
or clique of pedants. [Obs.]
Milton.
Pe*da"ri*an (?), n. [L.
pedarius, fr. pedarius belonging to the
foot, fr. pes, pedis, foot.]
(Rom. Antiq.) One of a class eligible to the
office of senator, but not yet chosen, who could sit and speak in
the senate, but could not vote; -- so called because he might
indicate his opinion by walking over to the side of the party he
favored when a vote was taken.
Ped"a*ry (?), n.; pl.
Pedaries (#). [L.
pedarius of the foot.] A sandal.
[Obs.]
Latimer.
\'d8Pe*da"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.
See Pedate.] (Zo\'94l.) An order
of holothurians, including those that have ambulacral suckers, or
feet, and an internal gill.
<-- p. 1057 -->
Ped"ate (?), a. [L.
pedatus, p.p. of pedare to furnish with
feet, fr. pes, pedis, a foot.]
(Bot.) Palmate, with the lateral lobes cleft into
two or more segments; -- said of a leaf. --
Ped"ate*ly, adv.
Pe*dat"i*fid (?), a.
[Pedate + root of L. findere to
split.] [Colloq.] Cleft in a pedate
manner, but having the lobes distinctly connected at the base; --
said of a leaf.
Ped"dle (?), v. i. [From
Peddler.] 1. To travel about with
wares for sale; to go from place to place, or from house to
house, for the purpose of retailing goods; as, to
peddle without a license.
2. To do a small business; to be busy about
trifles; to piddle.
Ped"dle, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Peddled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Peddling (?).] To
sell from place to place; to retail by carrying around from
customer to customer; to hawk; hence, to retail in very small
quantities; as, to peddle vegetables or
tinware.
Ped"dler (?), n. [OE.
pedlere, pedlare, also peddare,
peoddare, fr. OE. ped a basket, of unknown
origin.] One who peddles; a traveling trader; one who
travels about, retailing small wares; a hawker.
[Written also pedlar and
pedler.] \'bdSome vagabond huckster or
peddler.\'b8
Hakluyt.
Ped"dler*y (?), n. [Written
also pedlary and pedlery.]
1. The trade, or the goods, of a peddler; hawking;
small retail business, like that of a peddler.
2. Trifling; trickery. [Obs.]
\'bdLook . . . into these their deceitful
peddleries.\'b8
Milton.
Ped"dling, a. 1. Hawking;
acting as a peddler.
2. Petty; insignificant. \'bdThe miserable
remains of a peddling commerce.\'b8
Burke.
Ped"er*ast (?), n. [Gr.
paiderasth`s; pai^s, paido`s, a
boy + 'era^n to love: cf. F.
p\'82d\'82raste.] One guilty of pederasty;
a sodomite.
Ped`er*as"tic (?), a. [Gr.
paiderastiko`s.] Of or pertaining to
pederasty.
Ped"er*as`ty (?), n. [Gr.
paiderasti`a: cf. F.
p\'82d\'82rastie.] The crime against
nature; sodomy.<-- esp. with a boy -->
Ped`e*re"ro (?), n. [Sp.
pedrero, fr. OSp. pedra, Sp.
piedra, a stone, L. petra, fr. Gr.
(Mil.) A term formerly applied to a short piece
of chambered ordnance. [Written also
paterero and peterero.]
\'d8Pe*de"sis (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. Same as Brownian
movement, under Brownian.
Ped"es*tal (?), n. [Sp.
pedestal; cf. F. pi\'82destal, It.
piedestallo; fr. L. es, pedis,
foot + OHG. stal standing place, station, place, akin
to E. stall. See Foot, and Stall,
and Footstall.] 1. (Arch.)
The base or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp, or the
like; the part on which an upright work stands. It consists of
three parts, the base, the die or dado, and the cornice or
surbase molding. See Illust. of Column.
Build him a pedestal, and say, \'bdStand
there!\'b8
Cowper.
2. (a) (Railroad Cars) A
casting secured to the frame of a truck and forming a jaw for
holding a journal box. (b) (Mach.)
A pillow block; a low housing. (c)
(Bridge Building) An iron socket, or support, for
the foot of a brace at the end of a truss where it rests on a
pier.
Pedestal coil (steam Heating), a
group of connected straight pipes arranged side by side and one
above another, -- used in a radiator.
Ped"es*taled (?), a. Placed on,
or supported by, a pedestal; figuratively, exalted.
Hawthorne.
Pedestaled haply in a palace court.
Keats.
Pe*des"tri*al (?), a. [L.
pedester, -esteris, fr. pes,
pedis, a foot: cf. F. p\'82destere. See
Pedal.] Of or pertaining to the feet;
employing the foot or feet.
Pe*des"tri*al*ly, adv. In a pedestrial
manner.
Pe*des"tri*an (?), a. Going on
foot; performed on foot; as, a pedestrian
journey.
Pe*des"tri*an, n. A walker; one who
journeys on foot; a foot traveler; specif., a professional walker
or runner.
Pe*des"tri*an*ism (?), n. The
act, art, or practice of a pedestrian; walking or running;
traveling or racing on foot.
Pe*des"tri*an*ize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Pedestrianized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pedestrianizing.] To practice walking;
to travel on foot.
Pe*des"tri*ous (?), a. Going on
foot; not winged. [Obs.]
\'bdPedestrious animals.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Ped`e*ten"tous (?), a. [L.
pes, pedis, foot + tendere to
stretch out: cf. L. tentim by degrees.]
Proceeding step by step; advancing cautiously.
[R.]
That pedetentous pace and pedetentous
mind in which it behooves the wise and virtuous improver to
walk.
Sydney Smith.
{ Ped"i- (?), Ped"o- (?)
}. [See Foot.] Combining forms
from L. pes, pedis, foot, as
pedipalp, pedireme,
pedometer.
Pe"di*al (?), a. Pertaining to
the foot, or to any organ called a foot; pedal.
Dana.
Ped"i*cel (?), n. [F.
p\'82dicelle. See Pedicle.] 1.
(Bot.) (a) A stalk which supports one
flower or fruit, whether solitary or one of many ultimate
divisions of a common peduncle. See Peduncle, and
Illust. of Flower. (b) A
slender support of any special organ, as that of a capsule in
mosses, an air vesicle in alg\'91, or a sporangium in
ferns.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A slender stem by which
certain of the lower animals or their eggs are attached. See
Illust. of Aphis lion.
3. (Anat.) (a) The ventral part
of each side of the neural arch connecting with the centrum of a
vertebra. (b) An outgrowth of the frontal
bones, which supports the antlers or horns in deer and allied
animals.
Ped"i*celed (?), a.
Pedicellate.
\'d8Ped`i*cel*la"ri*a (?), n.;
pl. Pedicellari\'91 (#). [NL.
See Pedicel.] (Zo\'94l.) A
peculiar forcepslike organ which occurs in large numbers upon
starfishes and echini. Those of starfishes have two movable jaws,
or blades, and are usually nearly, or quite, sessile; those of
echini usually have three jaws and a pedicel. See
Illustration in Appendix.
Ped"i*cel`late (?), a. Having a
pedicel; supported by a pedicel.
\'d8Ped`i*cel*li"na (?), n.
[NL. See Pedicel.] (Zo\'94l.)
A genus of Bryozoa, of the order Entoprocta, having a
bell-shaped body supported on a slender pedicel. See
Illust. under Entoprocta.
Ped"i*cle (?), n. [L.
pediculus a little foot, dim. of pes foot:
cf. F. p\'82dicule. See edal, and cf.
Pedicel.] Same as Pedicel.
Pe*dic"u*lar (?), a. [L.
pedicularis, fr. pediculus a louse: cf. F.
p\'82diculaire.] Of or pertaining to lice;
having the lousy distemper (phthiriasis); lousy.
Southey.
Pe*dic"u*late (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Pediculati.
\'d8Pe*dic`u*la"ti (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Pedicle.] (Zo\'94l.)
An order of fishes including the anglers. See
Illust. of Angler and Batfish.
Pe*dic`u*la"tion (?), n.
(Med.) Phthiriasis.
Ped"i*cule (?), n. [See
Pedicle.] A pedicel.
\'d8Pe*dic`u*li"na (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Pediculus.] (Zo\'94l.)
A division of parasitic hemipterous insects, including the
true lice. See Illust. in Appendix.
Pe*dic"u*lous (?), a. [L.
pediculosus.] Pedicular.
\'d8Pe*dic"u*lus (?), n.; pl.
Pediculi (#). [L., a louse.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of wingless parasitic
Hemiptera, including the common lice of man. See
Louse.
Ped"i*form (?), a.
[Pedi- + -form.] Shaped
like a foot.
Pe*dig"er*ous (?), a.
[Pedi- + -gerous.]
(Zo\'94l.) Bearing or having feet or legs.
Ped"i*gree (?), n. [Of unknown
origin; possibly fr. F. par degr\'82s by degrees, --
for a pedigree is properly a genealogical table which records the
relationship of families by degrees; or, perh., fr. F.
pied de grue crane's foot, from the shape of the
heraldic genealogical trees.] 1. A line of
ancestors; descent; lineage; genealogy; a register or record of a
line of ancestors.
Alterations of surnames . . . have obscured the truth of our
pedigrees.
Camden.
His vanity labored to contrive us a pedigree.
Milton.
I am no herald to inquire of men's pedigrees.
Sir P. Sidney.
The Jews preserved the pedigrees of their
tribes.
Atterbury.
2. (Stock Breeding) A record of the
lineage or strain of an animal, as of a horse.
Ped"i*lu`vy (?), n.
[Pedi- + L. luere to wash: cf. It. &
Sp. pediluvio, F. p\'82diluve.]
The bathing of the feet, a bath for the feet.
[Obs.]
\'d8Pe*dim"a*na (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. pes, pedis, foot +
manus hand.] (Zo\'94l.) A
division of marsupials, including the opossums.
Ped"i*mane (?), n. [Cf. F.
p\'82dimane.] (Zo\'94l.) A
pedimanous marsupial; an opossum.
Pe*dim"a*nous (?), a. [See
Pedimana.] (Zo\'94l.) Having feet
resembling hands, or with the first toe opposable, as the
opossums and monkeys.
Ped"i*ment (?), n. [L.
pes, pedis, a foot. See
Foot.] (Arch.) Originally, in
classical architecture, the triangular space forming the gable of
a simple roof; hence, a similar form used as a decoration over
porticoes, doors, windows, etc.; also, a rounded or broken
frontal having a similar position and use. See
Temple.
Ped`i*men"tal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a pediment.
Ped"i*palp (?), n. [Cf. F.
p\'82dipalpe.] (Zo\'94l.) One of
the Pedipalpi.
\'d8Ped`i*pal"pi (?), n pl.
[NL. See Pedipalpus.] (Zo\'94l.)
A division of Arachnida, including the whip scorpions
(Thelyphonus) and allied forms. Sometimes used in a
wider sense to include also the true scorpions.
Ped`i*pal"pous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the
pedipalps.
Ped`i*pal"pus (?), n.; pl.
Pedipalpi (#). [NL. See
Pes, and Palpus.] (Zo\'94l.)
One of the second pair of mouth organs of arachnids. In some
they are leglike, but in others, as the scorpion, they terminate
in a claw.
Ped"i*reme (?), n.
[Pedi- + L. remus oar.]
(Zo\'94l.) A crustacean, some of whose feet serve
as oars.
{ Ped"lar, Ped"ler } (?),
n. See Peddler.
Pe`do*bap"tism (?), n. [Gr.
baptism.] The
baptism of infants or of small children. [Written
also p\'91dobaptism.]
Pe`do*bap"tist (?), n. One who
advocates or practices infant baptism. [Written also
p\'91dobaptist.]
Ped"o*man`cy (?), n.
[Pedi- + -mancy.]
Divination by examining the soles of the feet.
Pe*dom"e*ter (?), n.
[Pedi-, pedo- + -meter: cf.
F. p\'82dom\'8atre.] (Mech.) An
instrument for including the number of steps in walking, and so
ascertaining the distance passed over. It is usually in the form
of a watch; an oscillating weight by the motion of the body
causes the index to advance a certain distance at each
step.
{ Ped`o*met"ric (?),
Ped`o*met"ric*al (?), } a.
Pertaining to, or measured by, a pedometer.
Ped`o*mo"tive (?), a.
[Pedi-, pedo- +
-motive.] Moved or worked by the action of
the foot or feet on a pedal or treadle.
Pe*dot"ro*phy (?), n. [Gr. p\'82dotrophie.] The art of nourishing
children properly.
\'d8Pe`dre*gal" (?), n. [Sp., a
stony place, fr. piedra stone.] A lava
field. [Mexico & Western U.S.]
Pe*dun"cle (?), n. [Formed fr.
(assumed) L. pedunculus, dim. of pes,
pedis, a foot: cf. F. p\'82doncule.]
1. (Bot.) The stem or stalk that
supports the flower or fruit of a plant, or a cluster of flowers
or fruits.
pedicels. In the case of a solitary flower, the
stalk would be called a peduncle if the flower is
large, and a pedicel if it is small or
delicate.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A sort of stem by which
certain shells and barnacles are attached to other objects. See
Illust. of Barnacle.
3. (Anat.) A band of nervous or fibrous
matter connecting different parts of the brain; as, the
peduncles of the cerebellum; the peduncles of
the pineal gland.
Pe*dun"cled (?), a. Having a
peduncle; supported on a peduncle; pedunculate.
Pe*dun"cu*lar (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82donculaire.] Of or pertaining to a
peduncle; growing from a peduncle; as, a peduncular
tendril.
\'d8Pe*dun`cu*la"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Peduncle.] (Zo\'94l.)
A division of Cirripedia, including the stalked or goose
barnacles.
{ Pe*dun"cu*late (?),
Pe*dun"cu*la`ted (?), } a.
(Biol.) Having a peduncle; growing on a peduncle;
as, a pedunculate flower; a pedunculate
eye, as in a lobster.
Pee (?), n. See 1st
Pea.
Pee, n. (Naut.) Bill of an
anchor. See Peak, 3 (c).
Peece (?), n. & v.
[Obs.] See Piece.
\'d8Pee"chi (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The dauw.
Peek (?), v. i. [OE.
piken: cf. F. piquer to pierce, prick, E.
pique. Cf. Peak.] To look slyly,
or with the eyes half closed, or through a crevice; to
peep. [Colloq.]
Peek"a*boo (?), n. A child's
game; bopeep.
Peel (?), n. [OE.
pel. Cf. Pile a heap.] A small
tower, fort, or castle; a keep. [Scot.]
Peel, n. [F. pelle, L.
pala.] A spadelike implement, variously
used, as for removing loaves of bread from a baker's oven; also,
a T-shaped implement used by printers and bookbinders for hanging
wet sheets of paper on lines or poles to dry. Also, the blade of
an oar.
Peel, v. t. [Confused with
peel to strip, but fr. F. piller to
pillage. See Pill to rob, Pillage.]
To plunder; to pillage; to rob. [Obs.]
But govern ill the nations under yoke,
Peeling their provinces.
Milton.
Peel, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Peeled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Peeling.] [F. peler to pull
out the hair, to strip, to peel, fr. L. pilare to
deprive of hair, fr. pilus a hair; or perh. partly fr.
F. peler to peel off the skin, perh. fr. L.
pellis skin (cf. Fell skin). Cf.
Peruke.] 1. To strip off the skin,
bark, or rind of; to strip by drawing or tearing off the skin,
bark, husks, etc.; to flay; to decorticate; as, to
peel an orange.
The skillful shepherd peeled me certain wands.
Shak.
2. To strip or tear off; to remove by stripping, as
the skin of an animal, the bark of a tree, etc.
Peel, v. i. To lose the skin, bark, or
rind; to come off, as the skin, bark, or rind does; -- often used
with an adverb; as, the bark peels easily or
readily.
Peel, n. The skin or rind; as, the
peel of an orange.
Pee"le (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
A graceful and swift South African antelope (Pelea
capreola). The hair is woolly, and ash-gray on the back and
sides. The horns are black, long, slender, straight, nearly
smooth, and very sharp. Called also rheeboc,
and rehboc.
Peel"er (?), n. One who peels
or strips.
Peel"er, n. [See Peel to
plunder.] A pillager.
Peel"er, n. A nickname for a policeman;
-- so called from Sir Robert Peel. [British
Slang] See Bobby.
Peel"house` (?), n. See 1st
Peel.
Sir W. Scott.
Peen (?), n. [Cf. G.
pinne pane of a hammer.] (a) A
round-edged, or hemispherical, end to the head of a hammer or
sledge, used to stretch or bend metal by indentation.
(b) The sharp-edged end of the head of a mason's
hammer. [Spelt also pane,
pein, and piend.]
Peen, v. t. To draw, bend, or
straighten, as metal, by blows with the peen of a hammer or
sledge.
Peenge (?), v. i. To
complain. [Scot.]
Peep (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Peeped (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Peeping.]
[Of imitative origin; cf. OE. pipen, F.
piper, p\'82pier, L. pipire,
pipare, pipiare, D. & G. piepen.
Senses 2 and 3 perhaps come from a transfer of sense from the
sound which chickens make upon the first breaking of the shell to
the act accompanying it; or perhaps from the influence of
peek, or peak. Cf. Pipe.]
1. To cry, as a chicken hatching or newly hatched;
to chirp; to cheep.
There was none that moved the wing, or opened the mouth, or
peeped.
Is. x. 14.
2. To begin to appear; to look forth from
concealment; to make the first appearance.
When flowers first peeped, and trees did blossoms
bear.
Dryden.
<-- p. 1058 -->
3. To look cautiously or slyly; to peer, as through
a crevice; to pry.
eep through the blanket of the dark.
Shak.
From her cabined loophole peep.
Milton.
Peep sight, an adjustable piece, pierced with
a small hole to peep through in aiming, attached to a rifle or
other firearm near the breech.
Peep (?), n. 1. The
cry of a young chicken; a chirp.
2. First outlook or appearance.
Oft have we seen him at the peep of dawn.
Gray.
3. A sly look; a look as through a crevice, or from
a place of concealment.
To take t' other peep at the stars.
Swift.
4. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any small
sandpiper, as the least sandpiper (Trigna
minutilla). (b) The European meadow
pipit (Anthus pratensis).
Peep show, a small show, or object exhibited,
which is viewed through an orifice or a magnifying glass. --
Peep-o'-day boys, the Irish insurgents of 1784; --
so called from their visiting the house of the loyal Irish at day
break in search of arms. [Cant]
Peep"er (?), n. 1. A
chicken just breaking the shell; a young bird.
2. One who peeps; a prying person; a spy.
Who's there? peepers, . . . eavesdroppers?
J. Webster.
3. The eye; as, to close the
peepers. [Colloq.]
Peep"hole` (?), n. A hole, or
crevice, through which one may peep without being
discovered.
Peep"ing hole`. See Peephole.
Pee"pul tree` (?). [Hind.
p\'c6pal, Skr. pippala.]
(Bot.) A sacred tree (Ficus religiosa)
of the Buddhists, a kind of fig tree which attains great size and
venerable age. See Bo tree. [Written also
pippul tree, and pipal tree.]
Peer (?), v. i.
[imp. & p.p Peered (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Peering.]
[OF. parir, pareir equiv. to F.
para\'8ctre to appear, L. parere. Cf.
Appear.] 1. To come in sight; to
appear. [Poetic]
So honor peereth in the meanest habit.
Shak.
See how his gorget peers above his gown!
B. Jonson.
2. [Perh. a different word; cf. OE.
piren, LG. piren. Cf. Pry to
peep.] To look narrowly or curiously or intently; to
peep; as, the peering day.
Milton.
Peering in maps for ports, and piers, and
roads.
Shak.
As if through a dungeon grate he peered.
Coleridge.
Peer, n. [OE. per, OF.
per, F. pair, fr. L. par equal.
Cf. Apparel, Pair, Par, n.,
Umpire.] 1. One of the same rank,
quality, endowments, character, etc.; an equal; a match; a
mate.
In song he never had his peer.
Dryden.
Shall they consort only with their peers?
I. Taylor.
2. A comrade; a companion; a fellow; an
associate.
He all his peers in beauty did surpass.
Spenser.
3. A nobleman; a member of one of the five degrees
of the British nobility, namely, duke, marquis, earl, viscount,
baron; as, a peer of the realm.
A noble peer of mickle trust and power.
Milton.
House of Peers, The Peers,
the British House of Lords. See Parliament. --
Spiritual peers, the bishops and archibishops, or
lords spiritual, who sit in the House of Lords.
Peer v. t. To make equal in rank.
[R.]
Heylin.
Peer v. t. To be, or to assume to be,
equal. [R.]
Peer"age (?), n. [See
Peer an equal, and cf. Parage.]
1. The rank or dignity of a peer.
Blackstone.
2. The body of peers; the nobility,
collectively.
When Charlemain with all his peerage fell.
Milton.
Peer"dom (?), n. Peerage; also,
a lordship. [Obs.]
Peer"ess, n. The wife of a peer; a woman
ennobled in her own right, or by right of marriage.
{ Peer"ie, Peer"y } (?),
a. [See 1st Peer, 2.]
Inquisitive; suspicious; sharp. [Prov. Eng. &
Scot.] \'bdTwo peery gray eyes.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Peer"less (?), a. Having no
peer or equal; matchless; superlative. \'bdHer
peerless feature.\'b8
Shak.
Unvailed her peerless light.
Milton.
--Peer"less*ly, adv. --
Peer"less*ness, n.
Peert (?), a. Same as
Peart.
Peer"weet (?), n. Same as
Pewit (a & b).
Pee"vish (?), a. [OE.
pevische; of uncertain origin, perh. from a word
imitative of the noise made by fretful children +
-ish.] 1. Habitually fretful;
easily vexed or fretted; hard to please; apt to complain;
querulous; petulant. \'bdHer peevish babe.\'b8
Wordsworth.
She is peevish, sullen, froward.
Shak.
2. Expressing fretfulness and discontent, or
unjustifiable dissatisfaction; as, a peevish
answer.
3. Silly; childish; trifling.
[Obs.]
To send such peevish tokens to a king.
Shak.
Syn. -- Querulous; petulant; cross; ill-tempered; testy;
captious; discontented. See Fretful.
Pee"vish*ly, adv. In a peevish
manner.
Shak.
Pee"vish*ness, n. The quality of being
peevish; disposition to murmur; sourness of temper.
Syn. -- See Petulance.
{ Pee"vit (?), Pee"wit
(?), } n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Pewit.
Peg (?), n. [OE.
pegge; cf. Sw. pigg, Dan. pig a
point, prickle, and E. peak.] 1. A
small, pointed piece of wood, used in fastening boards together,
in attaching the soles of boots or shoes, etc.; as, a shoe
peg.
2. A wooden pin, or nail, on which to hang things,
as coats, etc. Hence, colloquially and figuratively: A support; a
reason; a pretext; as, a peg to hang a claim
upon.
3. One of the pins of a musical instrument, on
which the strings are strained.
Shak.
4. One of the pins used for marking points on a
cribbage board.
5. A step; a degree; esp. in the slang phrase
\'bdTo take one down peg.\'b8
To screw papal authority to the highest peg.
Barrow.
And took your grandess down a peg.
Hudibras.
Peg ladder, a ladder with but one standard,
into which cross pieces are inserted. -- Peg
tankard, an ancient tankard marked with pegs, so as
divide the liquor into equal portions. \'bdDrink down to
your peg.\'b8 Longfellow. -- Peg
tooth. See Fleam tooth under
Fleam. -- Peg top, a boy's top which
is spun by throwing it. -- Screw peg, a small
screw without a head, for fastening soles.
Peg (?), v. t. [imp.
& p. p. Pegged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pegging (?).] 1.
To put pegs into; to fasten the parts of with pegs; as,
to peg shoes; to confine with pegs; to restrict or
limit closely.
I will rend an oak
And peg thee in his knotty entrails.
Shak.
2. (Cribbage) To score with a peg, as
points in the game; as, she pegged twelwe
points. [Colloq.]
Peg, v. i. To work diligently, as one
who pegs shoes; -- usually with on, at, or
away; as, to peg away at a
task.
\'d8Pe`ga*dor" (?), n. [Sp., a
sticker.] (Zo\'94l.) A species of remora
(Echeneis naucrates). See Remora.
Pe*ga"se*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Pegasus, or, figuratively, to poetry.
Peg"a*soid (?), a.
[Pegasus + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to Pegasus.
Peg"a*sus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
1. (Gr. Myth.) A winged
horse fabled to have sprung from the body of Medusa when she was
slain. He is noted for causing, with a blow of his hoof,
Hippocrene, the inspiring fountain of the Muses, to spring from
Mount Helicon. On this account he is, in modern times, associated
with the Muses, and with ideas of poetic inspiration.
Each spurs his jaded Pegasus apace.
Byron.
2. (Astron.) A northen constellation
near the vernal equinoctial point. Its three brightest stars,
with the brightest star of Andromeda, form the square of
Pegasus.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small fishes,
having large pectoral fins, and the body covered with hard, bony
plates. Several species are known from the East Indies and
China.
Peg"ger (?), n. One who fastens
with pegs.
Peg"ging (?), n. The act or
process of fastening with pegs.
Pegm (?), n. [L.
pegma a movable stage, Gr. A sort of moving machine employed in the
old pageants. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Peg"ma*tite (?), n. [From Gr.
pegmatite. See
Pegm.] (Min.) (a) Graphic
granite. See under Granite. (b) More
generally, a coarse granite occurring as vein material in other
rocks.
Peg`ma*tit"ic (?), a.
(Min.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling,
pegmatite; as, the pegmatic structure of certain
rocks resembling graphic granite.
Peg"ta*toid (?), a.
[Pegmatite + -oid.]
(Min.) Resembling pegmatite; pegmatic.
Peg"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -macy.] Divination by
fountains. [R.]
Peg"roots` (?), n. Same as
Setterwort.
Peh"le*vi` (?), n. [Parsee
Pahlavi.] An ancient Persian dialect in
which words were partly represented by their Semitic equivalents.
It was in use from the 3d century (and perhaps earlier) to the
middle of the 7th century, and later in religious writings.
[Written also Pahlavi.]
Pein (?), n. See
Peen.
Pei*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter.] A dynamometer for
measuring the force required to draw wheel carriages on roads of
different constructions.
G. Francis.
Pei*ras"tic (?), a. [Gr. Fitted for trail or
test; experimental; tentative; treating of attempts.
Peise (?), n. [See
Poise.] A weight; a poise.
[Obs.] \'bdTo weigh pence with a
peise.\'b8
Piers Plowman.
Peise, v. t. To poise or weight.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Lest leaden slumber peise me down.
Shak.
Pei"trel (?), n. (Anc.
Armor) See Peytrel.
Pe*jor"a*tive (?), a. [F.
p\'82joratif, fr. L. pejor, used as compar.
of malus evil.] Implying or imputing evil;
depreciatory; disparaging; unfavorable.
Pek"an (?), n. [F.
pekan.] (Zo\'94l.) See
Fisher, 2.
Pek"oe (?), n. [Chin.
pih-hoau: cf. F. peko\'89] A
kind of black tea. [Written also
pecco.]
Pe"la (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Wax insect, under Wax.
Pel"age (?), n. [F.
pelage, fr. L. pilus hair.]
(Zo\'94l.) The covering, or coat, of a mammal,
whether of wool, fur, or hair.
Pe*la"gi*an (?), a. [L.
pelagius, Gr. p\'82lagien.] Of or pertaining to the sea;
marine; pelagic; as, pelagian shells.
Pe*la"gi*an, n. [L.
Pelagianus: cf. F. p\'82lagien.]
(Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Pelagius,
a British monk, born in the later part of the 4th century, who
denied the doctrines of hereditary sin, of the connection between
sin and death, and of conversion through grace.
Pe*la"gi*an, a. [Cf. F.
p\'82lagien.] Of or pertaining to Pelagius,
or to his doctrines.
Pe*la"gi*an*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
p\'82lagianisme.] The doctrines of
Pelagius.
Pe*lag"ic (?), a. [L.
pelagicus.] Of or pertaining to the ocean;
-- applied especially to animals that live at the surface of the
ocean, away from the coast.
Pel`ar*gon"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an organic
acid (called also nonoic acid) found in the leaves of
the geranium (Pelargonium) and allied plants.
\'d8Pel`ar*go"ni*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) A
large genus of plants of the order Geraniace\'91,
differing from Geranium in having a spurred calyx and an
irregular corolla.
Geranium.
{ Pe*las"gi*an (?), Pe*las"gic
(?), } a. [L. Pelasgus,
Gr. 1. Of or pertaining to
the Pelasgians, an ancient people of Greece, of roving
habits.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Wandering.
Pel"e*can (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Pelican.
\'d8Pel`e*can`i*for"mes (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Pelican, and -form.]
(Zo\'94l.) Those birds that are related to the
pelican; the Totipalmi.
Pel"e*coid (?), n. [Gr. -oid.] (Geom.) A
figure, somewhat hatched-shaped, bounded by a semicircle and two
inverted quadrants, and equal in area to the square
ABCD inclosed by the chords of the four
quadrants. [Written also
pelicoid.]
Math. Dict.
\'d8Pel`e*cyp"o*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. -poda.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as
Lamellibranchia.
Pel"e*grine (?), a. See
Peregrine. [Obs.]
Pel"er*ine (?), n. [F.
p\'8alerine a tippet, fr. p\'8alerin a
pilgrim, fr. L. peregrinus foreign, alien. See
Pilgrim.] A woman's cape; especially, a fur
cape that is longer in front than behind.
Pelf (?), n. [OE.
pelfir booty, OF. pelfre, akin to
pelfrer to plunder, and perh. to E.
pillage. Cf. Pilfer.] Money;
riches; lucre; gain; -- generally conveying the idea of something
ill-gotten or worthless. It has no plural. \'bdMucky
pelf.\'b8 Spenser. \'bdPaltry
pelf.\'b8 Burke.
Can their pelf prosper, not got by valor or
industry?
Fuller.
Pelf"ish, a. Of or pertaining to
pelf.
Stanyhurst.
{ Pel"fray (?), Pel"fry
(?), } n. Pelf; also,
figuratively, rubbish; trash. [Obs.]
Cranmer.
Pel"i*can (?), n. [F.
p\'82lican, L. pelicanus,
pelecanus, Gr. para.] [Written also
pelecan.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Any large webfooted bird of the genus of
Pelecanus, of which about a dozen species are known.
They have an enormous bill, to the lower edge of which is
attached a pouch in which captured fishes are temporarily
stored.
Pelecanus
erythrorhynchos) and the brown species (P.
fuscus) are abundant on the Florida coast in winter, but
breed about the lakes in the Rocky Mountains and British
America.
2. (Old Chem.) A retort or still having
a curved tube or tubes leading back from the head to the body for
continuous condensation and redistillation.
Frigate pelican (Zo\'94l.), the
frigate bird. See under Frigate. -- Pelican
fish (Zo\'94l.), deep-sea fish
(Eurypharynx pelecanoides) of the order
Lyomeri, remarkable for the enormous development of
the jaws, which support a large gular pouch. -- Pelican
flower (Bot.), the very large and curiously
shaped blossom of a climbing plant (Aristolochia
grandiflora) of the West Indies; also, the plant
itself. -- Pelican ibis (Zo\'94l.),
a large Asiatic wood ibis (Tantalus
leucocephalus). The head and throat are destitute of
feathers; the plumage is white, with the quills and the tail
greenish black. -- Pelican in her piety (in
heraldry and symbolical art), a representation of a pelican
in the act of wounding her breast in order to nourish her young
with her blood; -- a practice fabulously attributed to the bird,
on account of which it was adopted as a symbol of the Redeemer,
and of charity. -- Pelican's foot
(Zo\'94l.), a marine gastropod shell of the genus
Aporrhais, esp. Aporrhais pes-pelicani of
Europe.
Pel"ick (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The American coot
(Fulica).
Pel"i*coid (?), n. See
Pelecoid.
\'d8Pel`i*co*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A suborder of
Theromorpha, including terrestrial reptiles from the Permian
formation.
Pe"li*om (?), n. [See
Pelioma.] (Min.) A variety of
iolite, of a smoky blue color; pelioma.
\'d8Pe`li*o"ma (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. 1. (Med.)
A livid ecchymosis.
2. (Min.) See Peliom.
Pe*lisse" (?), n. [F., fr. L.
pelliceus, pellicius, made of skins, fr.
pellis a skin. Cf. Pelt skin, Pilch,
and see 2d Pell.] An outer garment for men or
women, originally of fur, or lined with fur; a lady's outer
garment, made of silk or other fabric.
Pell (?), v. t. [Cf.
Pelt, v. t.] To pelt; to knock
about. [Obs.]
Holland.
Pell, n. [OF. pel, F.
peau, L. pellis a skin. See Fell a
skin.] 1. A skin or hide; a pelt.
2. A roll of parchment; a parchment record.
Clerk of the pells, formerly, an officer of
the exchequer who entered accounts on certain parchment rolls,
called pell rolls. [Eng.]
Pel"lack (?), n. [Cf. Gael.
Peileag.] (Zo\'94l.) A
porpoise.
Pell"age (?), n. [See 2d
Pell.] A customs duty on skins of
leather.
<-- p. 1059 -->
Pel"la*grin (?), n. One who is
afficted with pellagra.
Chambers's Encyc.
Pel"let (?), n. [F.
pelote, LL. pelota, pilota, fr.
L. pila a ball. Cf. Platoon.]
1. A little ball; as, a pellet of wax
.
2. A bullet; a ball for firearms.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
As swift as a pellet out of a gun.
Chaucer.
Pellet molding (Arch.), a narrow
band ornamented with smalt, flat disks.
Pel"let, v. To form into small
balls. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pel"let*ed, a. Made of, or like,
pellets; furnished with pellets. [R.] \'bdThis
pelleted storm.\'b8
Shak.
\'d8Pel`li*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. pellis garment + branchia a
gill.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of
Nudibranchiata, in which the mantle itself serves as a
gill.
Pel"li*cle (?), n. [L.
pellicu, dim. of pellis skin: cf. F.
pellicule.] 1. A thin skin or
film.
2. (Chem.) A thin film formed on the
surface of an evaporating solution.
Pel*lic"u*lar (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a pellicle.
Henslow.
Pel*li"le (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The redshank; -- so called from its
note. [Prov. Eng.]
Pel"li*to*ry (?), n. [OE.
paritorie, OF. paritoire, F.
pari\'82taire; (cf. It. & Sp. parietaria),
L. parietaria the parietary, or pellitory, the wall
plant, fr. parietarus belonging to the walls, fr.
paries, parietis a wall. Cf.
Parietary.] (Bot.) The common name
of the several species of the genus Parietaria, low,
harmless weeds of the Nettle family; -- also called wall
pellitory, and lichwort.
Parietaria officinalis is common on old
walls in Europe; P.Pennsylvanica is found
in the United States; and six or seven more species are found
near the Mediterranean, or in the Orient.
Pel"li*to*ry, n. [Sp.
pelitre, fr. L. pyrethrum. See
Bertram.] (Bot.) (a) A
composite plant (Anacyclus Pyrethrum) of the
Mediterranean region, having finely divided leaves and whitish
flowers. The root is the officinal pellitory, and is used as an
irritant and sialogogue. Called also bertram,
and pellitory of Spain. (b)
The feverfew (Chrysanthemum Parthenium); -- so
called because it resembles the above.
Pell`-mell" (, n. See
Pall-mall.
Pell`mell", adv. [F.
p\'88le-m\'88le, prob. fr. pelle a shovel +
m\'88ler to mix, as when different kinds of grain are
heaped up and mixed with a shovel. See Pell shovel,
Medley.] In utter confusion; with confused
violence. \'bdMen, horses, chariots, crowded
pellmell.\'b8
Milton.
Pel*lu"cid (?), a. [L.
pellucidus; per (see Per-) +
lucidus clear, bright: cf. F.
pellucide.] Transparent; clear; limpid;
translucent; not opaque. \'bdPellucid
crystal.\'b8 Dr. H. More. \'bdPellucid
streams.\'b8 Wordsworth.
{ Pel`lu*cid"i*ty (?),
Pel*lu"cid*ness (?), } n.
[L. pelluciditas.] The quality or
state of being pellucid; transparency; translucency; clearness;
as, the pellucidity of the air.
Locke.
Pel*lu"cid*ly, adv. In a pellucid
manner.
\'d8Pel"ma (?), n.; pl.
Pelmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) The under surface of the
foot.<-- = sole? -->
Pe*lo"pi*um (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. Pelops, brother of Niobe, Gr.
(Chem.) A supposed new metal found in columbite,
afterwards shown to be identical with columbium, or
niobium.
Pel`o*pon*ne"sian (?), a. [L.
Peloponnesius, fr. Peloponnesus, Gr. Of or pertaining to the Peloponnesus, or
southern peninsula of Greece. -- n. A
native or an inhabitant of the Peloponnesus.
\'d8Pe*lo"ri*a (?), n. [NL.,
from Gr. (Bot.) Abnormal
regularity; the state of certain flowers, which, being naturally
irregular, have become regular through a symmetrical repetition
of the special irregularity.
Pe*lo"ric (?), a. (Bot.)
Abnormally regular or symmetrical.
Darwin.
Pel"o*tage (?), n. [F.]
Packs or bales of Spanish wool.
Pelt (?), n. [Cf. G.
pelz a pelt, fur, fr. OF. pelice, F.
pelisse (see Pelisse); or perh. shortened fr.
peltry.] 1. The skin of a beast
with the hair on; a raw or undressed hide; a skin preserved with
the hairy or woolly covering on it. See 4th Fell.
Sir T. Browne.
Raw pelts clapped about them for their clothes.
Fuller.
2. The human skin. [Jocose]
Dryden.
3. (Falconry) The body of any quarry
killed by the hawk.
Pelt rot, a disease affecting the hair or wool
of a beast.
Pelt, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pelted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pelting.] [OE. pelten,
pulten, pilten, to thrust, throw, strike;
cf. L. pultare, equiv. to pulsare (v. freq.
fr. pellere to drive), and E. pulse a
beating.] 1. To strike with something thrown
or driven; to assail with pellets or missiles, as, to
pelt with stones; pelted with hail.
The children billows seem to pelt the clouds.
Shak.
2. To throw; to use as a missile.
My Phillis me with pelted apples plies.
Dryden.
Pelt, v. i. 1. To throw
missiles.
Shak.
2. To throw out words. [Obs.]
Another smothered seems to peltand swear.
Shak.
Pelt, n. A blow or stroke from something
thrown.
\'d8Pel"ta (?), n.; pl.
Pelt\'91. [L., a shield, fr. Gr.
1. (Antiq.) A small shield,
especially one of an approximately elliptic form, or
crescent-shaped.
2. (Bot.) A flat apothecium having no
rim.
{ Pel"tate (?), Pel"ta*ted
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
pelt\'82. See Pelta.]
Shield-shaped; scutiform; (Bot.) having the stem
or support attached to the lower surface, instead of at the base
or margin; -- said of a leaf or other organ. --
Pel"tate*ly (#),
adv.
Pelt"er (?), n. One who
pelts.
Pel"ter (?), n. A pinchpenny; a
mean, sordid person; a miser; a skinflint.
[Obs.] \'bdLet such pelters prate.\'b8
Gascoigne.
Pel"ti*form (?), a.
[Pelta + -form.]
Shieldlike, with the outline nearly circular; peltate.
<-- #! original has "pellate", but should be "peltate" -->
Henslow.
Pel"ting (?), a. Mean;
paltry. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pelt"ry (?), n. [F.
pelleterie peltry, furriery, fr. pelletier
a furrier, fr. OF. pel skin, F. peau, L.
pelis. See Pelt a skin, Pell,
n., Fell a skin.] Pelts or skins,
collectively; skins with the fur on them; furs.
Pelt"ry*ware` (?), n.
Peltry. [Obs.]
\'d8Pe*lu"do (?), n. [Sp.
peludo hairy.] (Zo\'94l.) The
South American hairy armadillo (Dasypus
villosus).
Pe*lu"si*ac (?), a. [L.
Pelusiacus.] Of or pertaining to Pelusium,
an ancient city of Egypt; as, the Pelusiac (or
former eastern) outlet of the Nile.
Pel"vic (?), a. Of, pertaining
to, or in the region of, the pelvis; as, pelvic
cellulitis.
Pelvic arch, Pelvic
girdle (Anat.), the two or more bony
or cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the
hind limbs are articulated. When fully ossified, the arch
usually consists of three principal bones on each side, the
ilium, ischium, and pubis, which are often closely united in the
adult, forming the innominate bone. See Innominate
bone, under Innominate.
Pel*vim"e*ter (?), n.
[Pelvis + -meter.: cf. F.
pelvim\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring
the dimensions of the pelvis.
Coxe.
Pel"vis (?), n. [L., a basin,
laver; cf. Gr. 1.
(Anat.) The pelvic arch, or the pelvic arch
together with the sacrum. See Pelvic arch, under
Pelvic, and Sacrum.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The calyx of a
crinoid.
Pelvis of the kidney (Anat.), the
basinlike cavity into which the ureter expands as it joins the
kidney.
Pem"mi*can (?), n. [Written
also pemican.] 1. Among the North
American Indians, meat cut in thin slices, divested of fat, and
dried in the sun.
Then on pemican they feasted.
Longfellow.
2. Meat, without the fat, cut in thin slices, dried
in the sun, pounded, then mixed with melted fat and sometimes
dried fruit, and compressed into cakes or in bags. It contains
much nutriment in small compass, and is of great use in long
voyages of exploration.
\'d8Pem*phi"gus (?), n. [Nl.,
fr. Gr. (Med.) A
somewhat rare skin disease, characterized by the development of
blebs upon different part of the body.
Quain.
Pen (?), n. [OE.
penne, OF. penne, pene, F.
penne, fr. L. penna.] 1.
A feather. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. A wing. [Obs.]
Milton.
3. An instrument used for writing with ink,
formerly made of a reed, or of the quill of a goose or other
bird, but now also of other materials, as of steel, gold, etc.
Also, originally, a stylus or other instrument for scratching or
graving.
Graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock.
Job xix. 24.
4. Fig.: A writer, or his style; as, he has a
sharp pen. \'bdThose learned
pens.\'b8
Fuller.
5. (Zo\'94l.) The internal shell of a
squid.
6. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.)
A female swan. [Prov. Eng.]<-- contrast
cob, the male swan -->
Bow pen. See Bow-pen. --
Dotting pen, a pen for drawing dotted lines.
-- Drawing, Ruling,
pen, a pen for ruling lines having a pair
of blades between which the ink is contained. --
Fountain pen, Geometric pen.
See under Fountain, and Geometric. --
Music pen, a pen having five points for drawing
the five lines of the staff. -- Pen and
ink, pen-and-ink, executed or
done with a pen and ink; as, a pen and ink
sketch. -- Pen feather. A pin
feather. [Obs.] -- Pen name. See
under Name. -- Sea pen
(Zo\'94l.), a pennatula. [Usually
written sea-pen.]
Pen, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Penned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Penning (?).] To write; to
compose and commit to paper; to indite; to compose; as, to
pen a sonnet. \'bdA prayer elaborately
penned.\'b8
Milton.
Pen, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Penned (?) or Pent (p. pr. & vb. n. Penning.]
[OE. pennen, AS. pennan in
on-pennan to unfasten, prob. from the same source as
pin, and orig. meaning, to fasten with a peg.See
Pin, n. & v.] To shut up, as in a
pen or cage; to confine in a small inclosure or narrow space; to
coop up, or shut in; to inclose. \'bdAway with her, and
pen her up.\'b8
Shak.
Watching where shepherds pen their flocks at
eve.
Milton.
Pen, n. [From Pen to shut
in.] A small inclosure; as, a pen for
sheep or for pigs.
My father stole two geese out of a pen.
Shak.
Pe"nal (?), a. [L.
poenalis, fr. poena punishment: cf. F.
p\'82nal. See Pain.] Of or
pertaining to punishment, to penalties, or to crimes and
offenses; pertaining to criminal jurisprudence: as:
(a) Enacting or threatening punishment; as, a
penal statue; the penal code.
(b) Incurring punishment; subject to a penalty;
as, a penalact of offense. (c)
Inflicted as punishment; used as a means of punishment;
as, a penal colony or settlement.
\'bdAdamantine chains and penal fire.\'b8
Milton.
Penal code (Law), a code of laws
concerning crimes and offenses and their punishment. --
Penal laws, Penal statutes
(Law), laws prohibited certain acts, and imposing
penalties for committing them. -- Penal
servitude, imprisonment with hard labor, in a prison,
in lieu of transportation. [Great Brit.] --
Penal suit, Penal action
(Law), a suit for penalties.
Pe*nal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. LL.
poenalitas. See Penalty.] The
quality or state of being penal; lability to punishment.
Sir T. Browne.
Pe"nal*ize (?), v. t. 1.
To make penal.
2. (Sport.) To put a penalty on. See
Penalty, 3. [Eng.]
Pe"nal*ly (?), adv. In a penal
manner.
Pe"nal*ty (?), n.; pl.
Penalties (#). [F.
p\'82nalit\'82. See Penal.] 1.
Penal retribution; punishment for crime or offense; the
suffering in person or property which is annexed by law or
judicial decision to the commission of a crime, offense, or
trespass.
Death is the penalty imposed.
Milton.
2. The suffering, or the sum to be forfeited, to
which a person subjects himself by covenant or agreement, in case
of nonfulfillment of stipulations; forfeiture; fine.
The penalty and forfeit of my bond.
Shak.
3. A handicap. [Sporting Cant]
penalty is in law mostly applied
to a pecuniary punishment.
Bill of pains and penalties. See under
Bill. -- On, Under, penalty of, on pain of;
with exposure to the penalty of, in case of
transgression.
Pen"ance (?), n. [OF.
penance, peneance, L.
paenitentia repentance. See Penitence.]
1. Repentance. [Obs.]
Wyclif (Luke xv. 7).
2. Pain; sorrow; suffering.
[Obs.] \'bdJoy or penance he feeleth
none.\'b8
Chaucer.
3. (Eccl.) A means of repairing a sin
committed, and obtaining pardon for it, consisting partly in the
performance of expiatory rites, partly in voluntary submission to
a punishment corresponding to the transgression. Penance is the
fourth of seven sacraments in the Roman Catholic Church.
Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
And bitter penance, with an iron whip.
Spenser.
Quoth he, \'bdThe man hath penance done,
And penance more will do.\'b8
Coleridge.
Pen"ance, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Penanced (?).] To
impose penance; to punish. \'bdSome penanced
lady elf.\'b8
Keats.
Pen"ance*less, a. Free from
penance. [R.]
Pe*nang" nut` (?). [From the native
name.] (Bot.) The betel nut.
Balfour (Cyc. of India).
Pen*an"nu*lar (?), a. [L.
pene, paene, almost + E.
annular.] Nearly annular; having nearly the
form of a ring. \'bdPenannular relics.\'b8
D. Wilson.
Pe"na*ry (?), a. Penal.
[Obs.]
Gauden.
\'d8Pe*na"tes (?), n. pl.
[L.] (Rom. Antiq.) The household gods
of the ancient Romans. They presided over the home and the family
hearth. See Lar.
Pen"aunt (?), n. [OF.
penant, peneant. See
Penitent.] A penitent.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pence (?), n., pl.
of Penny. See Penny.
<-- chiefly Brit. -->
Pen"cel (?), n. [See
Pennoncel.] A small, narrow flag or streamer
borne at the top of a lance; -- called also
pennoncel. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman. Chaucer.
\'d8Pen`chant" (?), n. [F., fr.
pencher to bend, fr. (assumed) LL.
pendicare, L. pendere. See
Pendant.] Inclination; decided taste; bias;
as, a penchant for art.
Pen"chute` (?), n. See
Penstock.
Pen"cil (?), n. [OF.
pincel, F. pinceau, L.
penicillum, penicillus, equiv. to
peniculus, dim. of penis a tail. Cf.
Penicil.] 1. A small, fine brush of
hair or bristles used by painters for laying on colors.
With subtile pencil depainted was this storie.
Chaucer.
2. A slender cylinder or strip of black lead,
colored chalk, slate etc., or such a cylinder or strip inserted
in a small wooden rod intended to be pointed, or in a case, which
forms a handle, -- used for drawing or writing. See
Graphite.
3. Hence, figuratively, an artist's ability or
peculiar manner; also, in general, the act or occupation of the
artist, descriptive writer, etc.
4. (Opt.) An aggregate or collection of
rays of light, especially when diverging from, or converging to,
a point.
5. (Geom.) A number of lines that
intersect in one point, the point of intersection being called
the pencil point.
6. (Med.) A small medicated
bougie.
Pencil case, a holder for pencil lead. --
Pencil flower (Bot.), an American
perennial leguminous herb (Stylosanthes elatior).
-- Pencil lead, a slender rod of black lead, or
the like, adapted for insertion in a holder.
Pen"cil, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Penciled (?) or Pencilled;
p. pr. & vb. n. Penciling or
Pencilling.] To write or mark with a
pencil; to paint or to draw.
Cowper.
Where nature pencils butterflies on flowers.
Harte.
Pen"ciled (?), a. [Written also
pencilled.] 1. Painted, drawn,
sketched, or marked with a pencil.
2. Radiated; having pencils of rays.
3. (Nat. Hist.) Marked with parallel or
radiating lines.
Pen"cil*ing (?), n. [Written
also pencilling.] 1. The work of
the pencil or bruch; as, delicate penciling in a
picture.
2. (Brickwork) Lines of white or black
paint drawn along a mortar joint in a brick wall.
Knight.
{ Pen"cil*late (?),
Pen"cil*la`ted (?), } a.
Shaped like a pencil; penicillate.
Pen"craft (?), n. 1.
Penmanship; skill in writing; chirography.
2. The art of composing or writing;
authorship.
I would not give a groat for that person's knowledge in
pencraft.
S
<-- p. 1060 -->
<-- p. 1060 -->
Pend (?), n. Oil cake;
penock. [India]
Pend, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Pended; p. pr. & vb. n.
Pending.] [L.
pendere.] 1. To hang; to
depend. [R.]
Pending upon certain powerful motions.
I. Taylor.
2. To be undecided, or in process of
adjustment.
Pend, v. t. [Cf. pen to shut
in, or AS. pyndan, E. pound an
inclosure.] To pen; to confine.
[R.]
ended within the limits . . . of Greece.
Udall.
Pend"ant (?), n. [F., orig.
p.pr. of pendre to hang, L. pendere. Cf.
Pendent, Pansy, Pensive,
Poise, Ponder.] 1.
Something which hangs or depends; something suspended; a
hanging appendage, especially one of an ornamental character; as
to a chandelier or an eardrop; also, an appendix or addition, as
to a book.
Some hang upon the pendants of her ear.
Pope.
Many . . . have been pleased with this work and its
pendant, the Tales and Popular Fictions.
Keightley.
2. (Arch.) A hanging ornament on roofs,
ceilings, etc., much used in the later styles of Gothic
architecture, where it is of stone, and an important part of the
construction. There are imitations in plaster and wood, which are
mere decorative features. \'bd[A bridge] with . . .
pendants graven fair.\'b8
Spenser.
3. (Fine Arts) One of a pair; a
counterpart; as, one vase is the pendant to the
other vase.
4. A pendulum. [Obs.]
Sir K. Digby.
5. The stem and ring of a watch, by which it is
suspended. [U.S.]
Knight.
Pendant post (Arch.), a part of the
framing of an open timber roof; a post set close against the
wall, and resting upon a corbel or other solid support, and
supporting the ends of a collar beam or any part of the
roof.
Pend"ence (?), n. [See
Pendent.] Slope; inclination.
[Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
Pend"en*cy (?), n. 1.
The quality or state of being pendent or suspended.
2. The quality or state of being undecided, or in
continuance; suspense; as, the pendency of a
suit.
Ayliffe.
Pend"ent (?), a. [L.
pendens, -entis, p.pr. of
pendere to hang, to be suspended. Cf.
Pendant.] 1. Supported from above;
suspended; depending; pendulous; hanging; as, a
pendent leaf. \'bdThe pendent
world.\'b8
Shak.
Often their tresses, when shaken, with pendent
icicles tinkle.
Longfellow.
2. Jutting over; projecting; overhanging.
\'bdA vapor sometime like a . . . pendent rock.\'b8
Shak.
Pen*den"tive (?), n. [F.
pendentif, fr. L. pendere to hang.]
(Arch.) (a) The portion of a vault by
means of which the square space in the middle of a building is
brought to an octagon or circle to receive a cupola.
(b) The part of a groined vault which is supported
by, and springs from, one pier or corbel.
Pend"ent*ly, adv. In a pendent
manner.
Pen"dice (?), n. [Cf.
Pentice.] A sloping roof; a lean-to; a
penthouse. [Obs.]
Fairfax.
Pen"di*cle (?), n. [Cf.
Appendicle.] An appendage; something
dependent on another; an appurtenance; a pendant.
Sir W. Scott.
Pen*di*cler (?), n. An inferior
tenant; one who rents a pendicle or croft.
[Scot.]
Jamieson.
Pend"ing (?), a. [L.
pendere to hang, to be suspended. Cf.
Pendent.] Not yet decided; in continuance; in
suspense; as, a pending suit.
Pend"ing, prep. During; as,
pending the trail.
Pen"drag*on (?), n. A chief
leader or a king; a head; a dictator; -- a title assumed by the
ancient British chiefs when called to lead other chiefs.
The dread Pendragon, Britain's king of kings.
Tennyson.
Pen"du*lar (?), a.
Pendulous.
Pen"du*late (?), v. i. To swing
as a pendulum. [R.]
Pen"dule (?), n. [F.]
A pendulum. [R.]
Evelyn.
\'d8Pen"du`line (?), n. [F. See
Pendulum.] (Zo\'94l.) A European
titmouse (Parus, ). It is
noted for its elegant pendulous purselike nest, made of the down
of willow trees and lined with feathers.
Pen`du*los"i*ty (?), n. [See
Pendulous.] The state or quality of being
pendulous.
Sir T. Browne.
Pen"du*lous (?), a. [L.
pendulus, fr. pendere to hang. Cf.
Pendant, and cf. Pendulum.] 1.
Depending; pendent loosely; hanging; swinging.
Shak. \'bdThe pendulous round earth.
Milton.
2. Wavering; unstable; doubtful.
[R.] \'bdA pendulous state of mind.\'b8
Atterbury.
3. (Bot.) Inclined or hanging downwards,
as a flower on a recurved stalk, or an ovule which hangs from the
upper part of the ovary.
Pen"du*lous*ly, adv. In a pendulous
manner.
Pen"du*lous*ness, n. The quality or
state of being pendulous; the state of hanging loosely;
pendulosity.
Pen"du*lum (?), n.; pl.
Pendulums (#). [NL., fr. L.
pendulus hanging, swinging. See
Pendulous.] A body so suspended from a fixed
point as to swing freely to and fro by the alternate action of
gravity and momentum. It is used to regulate the movements of
clockwork and other machinery.
Ballistic pendulum. See under
Ballistic. -- Compensation pendulum,
a clock pendulum in which the effect of changes of
temperature of the length of the rod is so counteracted, usually
by the opposite expansion of differene metals, that the distance
of the center of oscillation from the center of suspension
remains invariable; as, the mercurial compensation
pendulum, in which the expansion of the rod is compensated
by the opposite expansion of mercury in a jar constituting the
bob; the gridiron pendulum, in which compensation is
effected by the opposite expansion of sets of rodsof different
metals. -- Compound pendulum, an ordinary
pendulum; -- so called, as being made up of different parts, and
contrasted with simple pendulum. --
Conical Revolving,
pendulum, a weight connected by a rod with
a fixed point; and revolving in a horizontal cyrcle about the
vertical from that point. -- Pendulum bob,
the weight at the lower end of a pendulum. --
Pendulum level, a plumb level. See under
Level. -- Pendulum wheel, the
balance of a watch. -- Simple Theoretical, pendulum, an
imaginary pendulum having no dimensions except length, and no
weight except at the center of oscillation; in other words, a
material point suspended by an ideal line.
\'d8Pe*nel"o*pe (?), n. [From.
L. Penelope, the wife of Ulysses, the hero of the
Odyssey, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
curassows, including the guans.
Pen`e*tra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf.
F. p\'82n\'82trabilit\'82.] The quality of
being penetrable; susceptibility of being penetrated, entered, or
pierced.
Cheyne.
Pen"e*tra*ble (?), a. [L.
penetrabilus: cf. F.
p\'82n\'82trable.] Capable of being
penetrated, entered, or pierced. Used also figuratively.
And pierce his only penetrable part.
Dryden.
I am not made of stones,
But penetrable to your kind entreats.
Shak.
-- Pen"e*tra*ble*ness, n. --
Pen"e*tra*bly, adv.
Pen"e*trail (?), n.
Penetralia. [Obs.]
Harvey.
\'d8Pen`e*tra"li*a (?), n. pl.
[L., fr. penetralis penetrating, internal. See
Penetrate.] 1. The recesses, or
innermost parts, of any thing or place, especially of a temple or
palace.
2. Hidden things or secrets; privacy; sanctuary;
as, the sacred penetralia of the home.
{ Pen"e*trance (?), Pen"e*tran*cy
(?), } n. The quality or state of
being penetrant; power of entering or piercing; penetrating power
of quality; as, the penetrancy of subtile
effluvia.
Pen"e*trant (?), a. [L.
penetrans, p.pr. of penetrare: cf. F.
p\'82n\'82trant.] Having power to enter or
pierce; penetrating; sharp; subtile; as, penetrant
cold. \'bdPenetrant and powerful
arguments.\'b8
Boyle.
Pen"e*trate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Penetrated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Penetrating.] [L.
penetratus, p.p. of penetrare to penetrate;
akin to penitus inward, inwardly, and perh. to
pens with, in the power of, penus store of
food, innermost part of a temple.] 1. To
enter into; to make way into the interior of; to effect an
entrance into; to pierce; as, light penetrates
darkness.
2. To affect profoundly through the senses or
feelings; to touch with feeling; to make sensible; to move
deeply; as, to penetrate one's heart with
pity.
Shak.
The translator of Homer should penetrate himself
with a sense of the plainness and directness of Homer's
style.
M. Arnold.
3. To pierce into by the mind; to arrive at the
inner contents or meaning of, as of a mysterious or difficult
subject; to comprehend; to understand.
Things which here were too subtile for us to
penetrate.
Ray.
Pen"e*trate, v. i. To pass; to make way;
to pierce. Also used figuratively.
Preparing to penetrate to the north and west.
J. R. Green.
Born where Heaven's influence scarce can
penetrate.
Pope.
The sweet of life that penetrates so near.
Daniel.
Pen"e*tra`ting (?), a. 1.
Having the power of entering, piercing, or pervading; sharp;
subtile; penetrative; as, a penetrating
odor.
2. Acute; discerning; sagacious; quick to discover;
as, a penetrating mind.
Pen"e*tra`ting*ly, adv. In a penetrating
manner.
Pen"e*tra`tion (?), n. [L.
penetratio: cf. F.
p\'82n\'82tration.] 1. The act or
process of penetrating, piercing, or entering; also, the act of
mentally penetrating into, or comprehending, anything
difficult.
And to each in ward part,
With gentle penetration, though unseen,
Shoots invisible virtue even to the deep.
Milton.
A penetration into the difficulties of algebra.
Watts.
2. Acuteness; insight; sharp discoverment;
sagacity; as, a person of singular
penetration.
Walpole.
Syn. -- Discernment; sagacity; acuteness; sharpness;
discrimination. See Discernment, and
Sagacity.
Pen"e*tra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82n\'82tratif.] 1. Tending to
penetrate; of a penetrating quality; piercing; as, the
penetrative sun.
His look became keen and penetrative.
Hawthorne.
2. Having the power to affect or impress the mind
or heart; impressive; as, penetrative
shame.
Shak.
3. Acute; discerning; sagacious; as,
penetrative wisdom. \'bdThe
penetrative eye.\'b8
Wordsworth.
Led on by skill of penetrative soul.
Grainger.
Pen"e*tra*tive*ness, n. The quality of
being penetrative.
Pen"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A squid.
Pen"fold` (?), n. See
Pinfold.
Pen"go*lin (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.)The pangolin.
Pen"guin (?), n. [Perh. orig.
the name of another bird, and fr. W. pen head +
gwyn white; or perh. from a native South American
name.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of
the order Impennes, or Ptilopteri. They are covered with short,
thick feathers, almost scalelike on the wings, which are without
true quills. They are unable to fly, but use their wings to aid
in diving, in which they are very expert. See King
penguin, under Jackass.
Aptenodytes
Patachonica, and A. longirostris) are the
largest; the jackass penguins (Spheniscus) and the
rock hoppers (Catarractes) congregate in large numbers
at their breeding grounds.
2. (Bot.) The egg-shaped fleshy fruit of
a West Indian plant (Bromelia Pinguin) of the
Pineapple family; also, the plant itself, which has rigid,
pointed, and spiny-toothed leaves, and is used for hedges.
[Written also pinguin.]
Arctic penguin (Zo\'94l.), the
great auk. See Auk.
Pen"guin*er*y (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A breeding place, or rookery, of
penguins.
Pen"hold`er (?), n. A handle
for a pen.
Pen"house` (?), n. A
penthouse. [Obs.]
Pen*i"ble (?), a. [OF.
penible. Cf. Painable.]
Painstaking; assidous. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pen"i*cil (?), n. [L.
penicillum, penicillus, a painter's brush,
a roil of lint, a tent for wounds.] (mented.)
A tent or pledget for wounds or ulcers.
Pen`i*cil"late (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82nicill\'82. See Penicil.]
(Biol.) Having the form of a pencil; furnished
with a pencil of fine hairs; ending in a tuft of hairs like a
camel's-hair brush, as the stigmas of some grasses.
Pen`i*cil"li*form (?), a.
(Bot.) Penicillate.
Pen*in"su*la (?), n. [L.
peninsula or paeninsula; paene
almost + insula an island. See Isle.]
A portion of land nearly surrounded by water, and connected
with a larger body by a neck, or isthmus.
Pen*in"su*lar (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82ninsulaire.] Of or pertaining to a
peninsula; as, a peninsular form;
peninsular people; the peninsular
war.
Pen*in"su*late (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Peninsulated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Peninsulating.] To form into a
peninsula.
South River . . . peninsulates Castle Hill
farm.
W. Bentley.
Pe"nis (?), n. [L.]
(Anat.) The male member, or organ of
generation.
Pen"i*tence (?), n. [F.
p\'82nitence, L. paenitentia. See
Penitent, and cf. Penance.] The
quality or condition of being penitent; the disposition of a
penitent; sorrow for sins or faults; repentance;
contrition. \'bdPenitence of his old guilt.\'b8
Chaucer.
Death is deferred, and penitenance has room
To mitigate, if not reverse, the doom.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Repentance; contrition; compunction.
Pen"i*ten*cer (?), n. [F.
p\'82nitencier.] A priest who heard
confession and enjoined penance in extraordinary cases.
[Written also penitenser.]
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pen"i*ten*cy (?), n.
Penitence. [Obs.]
Pen"i*tent (?), a. [F.
p\'82nitent, L. paenitens,
-entis, poenitens, p.pr. of
paenitere, poenitere, to cause to repent,
to repent; prob. akin to poena punishment. See
Pain.] 1. Feeling pain or sorrow on
account of sins or offenses; repentant; contrite; sincerely
affected by a sense of guilt, and resolved on amendment of
life.
Be penitent, and for thy fault contrite.
Milton.
The pound he tamed, the penitent he cheered.
Dryden.
2. Doing penance. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pen"i*tent, n. 1. One who
repents of sin; one sorrowful on account of his
transgressions.
2. One under church censure, but admitted to
penance; one undergoing penance.
3. One under the direction of a confessor.
Penitents is an appellation given to
certain fraternities in Roman Catholic countries, distinguished
by their habit, and employed in charitable acts.
Pen`i*ten"tial (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82nitentiel.] Of or pertaining to
penitence, or to penance; expressing penitence; of the nature of
penance; as, the penitential book;
penitential tears. \'bdPenitential
stripes.\'b8
Cowper.
Guilt that all the penitential fires of hereafter
can not cleanse.
Sir W. Scott.
Pen`i*ten"tial, n. (R. C. Ch.)
A book formerly used by priests hearing confessions,
containing rules for the imposition of penances; -- called also
penitential book.
Pen`i*ten"tial*ly, adv. In a penitential
manner.
Pen`i*ten"tia*ry (?), a. [Cf.
F. p\'82nitentiaire.] 1. Relating
to penance, or to the rules and measures of penance. \'bdA
penitentiary tax.\'b8
Abp. Bramhall.
2. Expressive of penitence; as, a
penitentiary letter.
3. Used for punishment, discipline, and
reformation. \'bdPenitentiary houses.\'b8
Blackstone.
Pen`i*ten"tia*ry, n.; pl.
Penitentiaries (#). [Cf. F.
p\'82nitencier. See Penitent.]
1. One who prescribes the rules and measures of
penance. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. One who does penance. [Obs.]
Hammond.
3. A small building in a monastery where penitents
confessed.
Shpiley.
4. That part of a church to which penitents were
admitted.
Shipley.
5. (R. C. Ch.) (a) An office of
the papal court which examines cases of conscience, confession,
absolution from vows, etc., and delivers decisions,
dispensations, etc. Its chief is a cardinal, called the
Grand Penitentiary, appointed by the pope.
(b) An officer in some dioceses since A.
D. 1215, vested with power from the bishop to absolve in
cases reserved to him.
6. A house of correction, in which offenders are
confined for punishment, discipline, and reformation, and in
which they are generally compelled to labor.
Pen`i*ten"tia*ry*ship, n. The office or
condition of a penitentiary of the papal court.
[R.]
Wood.
Pen"i*tent*ly, adv. In a penitent
manner.
<-- p. 1061 -->
Penk (?), n. A minnow. See
Pink, n., 4. [Prov. Eng.]
Walton.
Pen"knife` (?), n.; pl.
Penknives (#). [Pen +
knife.] A small pocketknife; formerly, a
knife used for making and mending quill pens.
Pen"man (?), n.; pl.
Penmen (. 1. One who
uses the pen; a writer; esp., one skilled in the use of the pen;
a calligrapher; a writing master.
2. An author; a composer.
South.
Pen"man*ship, n. The use of the pen in
writing; the art of writing; style or manner of writing;
chirography; as, good or bad penmanship.
\'d8Pen"na (?), n.; pl.
Penn\'91 (#). [L.]
(Zo\'94l.) A perfect, or normal, feather.
Pen"na"ceous (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to a normal
feather.
Pen"nach (?), n. [OF.
pennache. See Panache.] A bunch of
feathers; a plume. [Obs.]
Holland.
Pen"nached (?), a. [Cf. OF.
pennach\'82. See Panache.]
Variegated; striped. [Obs.]
Evelyn.
Pen"nage (?), n. [L.
penna feather.] Feathery covering;
plumage. [Obs.]
Holland.
Pen"nant (?), n. [OE.
penon, penoun, pynoun, OF.
penon, F. pennon, fr. L. penna
feather. See Pen a feather, and cf. Pennon,
Pinion.] (Naut.) (a) A
small flag; a pennon. The narrow, (called also whip or coach
whip) is a long, narrow piece of bunting, carried at the
masthead of a government vessel in commission. The board
pennant is an oblong, nearly square flag, carried at the
masthead of a commodore's vessel. \'bdWith flags and
pennants trimmed.\'b8 Drayton. (b)
A rope or strap to which a purchase is hooked.
{ Pen"nate (?), Pen"na*ted
(?), } a. [L. pennatus
feathered, winged, from penna feather, wing.]
1. Winged; plume-shaped.
2. (Bot.) Same as
Pinnate.
\'d8Pen*nat"u*la (?), n.; pl.
L. Pennatul\'91 (#), E. Pennatulas
(#). [NL., fr. L. penna a
feather.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous
species of Pennatula, Pteroides, and allied
genera of Alcyonaria, having a featherlike form; a sea-pen. The
zooids are situated along one edge of the side branches.
\'d8Pen*nat`u*la"ce*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Pennatula.] (Zo\'94l.)
A division of alcyonoid corals, including the seapens and
related kinds. They are able to move about by means of the hollow
muscular peduncle, which also serves to support them upright in
the mud. See Pennatula, and Illust. under
Alcyonaria.
Penned (?), a. 1.
Winged; having plumes. [Obs.]
2. Written with a pen; composed. \'bdTheir
penned speech.\'b8
Shak.
Pen"ner (?), n. 1. One
who pens; a writer.
Sir T. North.
2. A case for holding pens.
[Obs.]
Pen"ni*form (?), a. [L.
penna feather + -form: cf. F.
penniforme.] Having the form of a feather
or plume.
Pen*nig"er*ous (?), a. [L.
penniger; penna feather + gerere
to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) Bearing feathers or
quills.
Pen"ni*less (?), a. [From
Penny.] Destitute of money; impecunious;
poor. -- Pen"ni*less*ness,
n.
Pen"ni*nerved` (?), a. [L.
penna feather + E. nerve.]
Pinnately veined or nerved.
Pen*nip"o*tent (?), a. [L.
pennipotens; penna wing + potens
strong.] Strong of wing; strong on the wing.
[Poetic]
Davies (Holy Roode).
Pen"non (?), n. [Cf.
Pinion.] A wing; a pinion.
Milton.
Pen"non, n. [See
Pennant.] A pennant; a flag or
streamer.
Longfellow.
{ Pen"non*cel`, Pen"non*celle`
(?) }, n. [OF.
penoncel. See Pennant.] See
Pencel.
Pen"ny (?), a. [Perh. a
corruption of pun, for pound.]
Denoting pound weight for one thousand; -- used in
combination, with respect to nails; as, tenpenny
nails, nails of which one thousand weight ten pounds.
Pen*ny, n.; pl. Pennies
(#) or Pence (.
Pennies denotes the number of coins; pence
the amount of pennies in value. [OE. peni,
AS. penig, pening, pending; akin
to D. penning, OHG. pfenning,
pfenting, G. pfennig, Icel.
penningr; of uncertain origin.] 1.
An English coin, formerly of copper, now of bronze, the
twelfth part of an English shilling in account value, and equal
to four farthings, or about two cents; -- usually indicated by
the abbreviation d. (the initial of
denarius).
denarius of
the Continent . . . [and was] called penny, denarius,
or denier.\'b8 R. S. Poole. The ancient silver
penny was worth about three pence sterling (see
Pennyweight). The old Scotch penny was only
one twelfth the value of the English coin. In the United States
the word penny is popularly used for
cent.
2. Any small sum or coin; a groat; a stiver.
Shak.
3. Money, in general; as, to turn an honest
penny.
What penny hath Rome borne,
What men provided, what munition sent?
Shak.
4. (Script.) See
Denarius.
Penny cress (Bot.), an annual herb
of the Mustard family, having round, flat pods like silver
pennies (Thlaspi arvense). Dr. Prior. --
Penny dog (Zo\'94l.), a kind of shark
found on the South coast of Britain: the tope. -- Penny
father, a penurious person; a niggard.
[Obs.] Robinson (More's Utopia). --
Penny grass (Bot.), pennyroyal.
[R.] -- Penny post, a post
carrying a letter for a penny; also, a mail carrier. --
Penny wise, wise or prudent only in small matters;
saving small sums while losing larger; -- used chiefly in the
phrase, penny wise and pound foolish.
Pen"ny (?), a. Worth or costing
one penny.
Pen"ny-a-lin"er (?), n. One who
furnishes matter to public journals at so much a line; a poor
writer for hire; a hack writer.
Thackeray.
Pen`ny*roy"al (?), n. [A
corruption of OE. puliall royal. OE.
puliall is ultimately derived fr. L.
puleium, or pulegium regium (so called as
being good against fleas), fr. pulex a flea; and
royal is a translation of L. regium, in
puleium regium.] (Bot.) An
aromatic herb (Mentha Pulegium) of Europe; also, a
North American plant (Hedeoma pulegioides) resembling
it in flavor.
Bastard pennyroyal (Bot.) See
Blue curls, under Blue.
Pen"ny*weight` (?), n. A troy
weight containing twenty-four grains, or the twentieth part of an
ounce; as, a pennyweight of gold or of arsenic.
It was anciently the weight of a silver penny, whence the
name.
Pen"ny*wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) A European trailing herb (Linaria
Cymbalaria) with roundish, reniform leaves. It is often
cultivated in hanging baskets.
March, Water,
pennywort. (Bot.) See under
March.
Pen"ny*worth` (?), n. 1.
A penny's worth; as much as may be bought for a penny.
\'bdA dear pennyworth.\'b8
Evelyn.
2. Hence: The full value of one's penny expended;
due return for money laid out; a good bargain; a bargain.
The priests sold the better pennyworths.
Locke.
3. A small quantity; a trifle.
Bacon.
Pen"ock (?), n. See
Pend.
Pen`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to penology.
Pe*nol"o*gist (?), n. One
versed in, or a student of, penology.
Pe*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. poena, punishment + -logy.]
The science or art of punishment. [Written also
p.]
Pen"rack` (?), n. A rack for
pens not in use.
Pens (?), n., pl. of
Penny. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pen"sa*tive (?), a.
Pensive. [Obs.]
Shelton.
Pen"sel (?), n. A pencel.
Chaucer.
Pen"si*ble (?), a. Held
aloft. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Pen"sile (?), a. [L.
pensilis, fr. pendere to hang: cf. OE.
pensil. See Pendant.] Hanging;
suspended; pendent; pendulous.
Bacon.
The long, pensile branches of the birches.
W. Howitt.
Pen"sile*ness, n. State or quality of
being pensile; pendulousness.
Pen"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L.
pensio a paying, payment, fr. pendere,
pensum, to weight, to pay; akin to
pend to hang. See Pendant, and cf.
Spend.] 1. A payment; a tribute;
something paid or given. [Obs.]
The stomach's pension, and the time's expense.
Sylvester.
2. A stated allowance to a person in consideration
of past services; payment made to one retired from service, on
account of age, disability, or other cause; especially, a regular
stipend paid by a government to retired public officers, disabled
soldiers, the families of soldiers killed in service, or to
meritorious authors, or the like.
To all that kept the city pensions and wages.
1 Esd. iv. 56.
3. A certain sum of money paid to a clergyman in
lieu of tithes. [Eng.]
Mozley & W.
4. [F., pronounced .] A
boarding house or boarding school in France, Belgium,
Switzerland, etc.
Pen"sion, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Pensioned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Pensioning.] To grant a
pension to; to pay a regular stipend to; in consideration of
service already performed; -- sometimes followed by
off; as, to pension off a
servant.
One knighted Blackmore, and one pensioned
Quarles.
Pope.
Pen"sion*a*ry (?), a. 1.
Maintained by a pension; receiving a pension; as,
pensionary spies.
Donne.
2. Consisting of a pension; as, a
pensionary provision for maintenance.
Pen"sion*a*ry (?), n.; pl.
Pensionaries (#). [Cf. F.
pensionnaire. Cf. Pensioner.]
1. One who receives a pension; a pensioner.
E. Hall.
2. One of the chief magistrates of towns in
Holland.
Grand pensionary, the title of the prime
minister, or or president of the Council, of Holland when a
republic.
Pen"sion*er (?), n. 1.
One in receipt of a pension; hence, figuratively, a
dependent.
The fickle pensioners of Morpheus' train.
Milton.
Old pensioners . . . of Chelsea Hospital.
Macaulay.
2. One of an honorable band of gentlemen who attend
the sovereign of England on state occasions, and receive an
annual pension, or allowance, of \'9c150 and two horses.
3. [Cf. F. pensionnaire one who pays for
his board. Cf. Pensionary, n.] In
the university of Cambridge, England, one who pays for his living
in commons; -- corresponding to commoner at
Oxford.
Ld. Lytton.
Pen"sive (?), a. [F.
pensif, fr. penser to think, fr. L.
pensare to weigh, ponder, consider, v. intens. fr.
pendere to weigh. See Pension,
Poise.] 1. Thoughtful, sober, or
sad; employed in serious reflection; given to, or favorable to,
earnest or melancholy musing.
The pensive secrecy of desert cell.
Milton.
Anxious cares the pensive nymph oppressed.
Pope.
2. Expressing or suggesting thoughtfulness with
sadness; as, pensive numbers.
Prior.
Pen"sived (?), a. Made
pensive. [R.]
Shak.
Pen"sive*ly (?), adv. In a
pensive manner.
Pen"sive*ness, n. The state of being
pensive; serious thoughtfulness; seriousness.
Hooker.
Pen"stock (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain; perh. fr. pen an inclosure +
stock.] 1. A close conduit or pipe
for conducting water, as, to a water wheel, or for emptying a
pond, or for domestic uses.
2. The barrel of a wooden pump.
Pent (?), p. p. [From
Pen, v. t.] Penned or shut up;
confined; -- often with up.
Here in the body pent.
J. Montgomery.
No pent-up Utica contracts your powers.
J. M. Sewall.
Pen"ta- (?). [Gr. Five.] 1. A
combining form denoting five; as,
pentacapsular; pentagon.
2. (Chem.) Denoting the degree of
five, either as regards quality, property, or
composition; as, pentasulphide; pentoxide,
etc. Also used adjectively.
Pen`ta*ba"sic (?), a.
[Penta- + basic.]
(Chem.) Capable of uniting with five molecules of
a monacid base; having five acid hydrogen atoms capable of
substitution by a basic radical; -- said of certain acids.
Pen`ta*cap"su*lar (?), a.
[Penta- + capsular.]
(Bot.) Having five capsules.
Pen`ta*che"ni*um (?), n. [NL.
See Penta-, and Achenium.]
(Bot.) A dry fruit composed of five carpels,
which are covered by an epigynous calyx and separate at
maturity.
Pen`ta*chlo"ride (?), n.
[Penta- + chloride.]
(Chem.) A chloride having five atoms of chlorine
in each molecule.
Pen"ta*chord (?), n. [L.
pentachordus five-stringed, Gr. 1. An ancient instrument of music
with five strings.
2. An order or system of five sounds.
Busby.
Pen*tac"id ( [Penta- +
acid.] (Chem.) Capable of
neutralizing, or combining with, five molecules of a monobasic
acid; having five hydrogen atoms capable of substitution by acid
residues; -- said of certain complex bases.
Pen"ta*cle (?), n. [Gr. A figure composed of two equilateral triangles
intersecting so as to form a six-pointed star, -- used in early
ornamental art, and also with superstitious import by the
astrologers and mystics of the Middle Ages.<-- ?? Usually,
it is a five-pointed star, also called a pentagram or pentalpha.
See illustr. under pentalpha. The six-pointed is also called
Solomon's seal; it resembles the star of David (Magen David) [not
listed in the W1913] -->
Pen`ta*coc"cous (?), a. [See
Penta-, Coccus.] (Bot.)
Composed of five united carpels with one seed in each, as
certain fruits.
Pen"ta*con`ter (?), n. (Gr.
Antiq.) See Penteconter.
Pen*tac"ri*nin (?), n.
(Physiol. Chem.) A red and purple pigment found
in certain crinoids of the genus Pentacrinus.
Pen*tac"ri*nite (?), n.
[Penta- + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of Pentacrinus.
Pen*tac"ri*noid (?), n.
[Pentacrinus + -oid.]
(Zo\'94l.) An immature comatula when it is still
attached by a stem, and thus resembles a Pentacrinus.
\'d8Pen*tac"ri*nus (?), n. [NL.
See Penta-, and Crinum.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of large, stalked crinoids, of
which several species occur in deep water among the West Indies
and elsewhere.
Pen*ta"cron (?), n.; pl. L.
Pentacra (#), E. Pentacrons
(#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Geom.) A solid having five
summits or angular points.
Pen`ta*cros"tic (?), n.
[Penta- + acrostic.] A set
of verses so disposed that the name forming the subject of the
acrostic occurs five times -- the whole set of verses being
divided into five different parts from top to bottom.
Pen"tad (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) Any
element, atom, or radical, having a valence of five, or which can
be combined with, substituted for, or compared with, five atoms
of hydrogen or other monad; as, nitrogen is a pentad
in the ammonium compounds.
Pen"tad, a. (Chem.) Having
the valence of a pentad.
{ Pen`ta*dac"tyl, Pen`ta*dac"tyle }
(?), a. [Gr. Penta-, and Dactyl.]
1. (Anat.) Having five digits to the
hand or foot.
2. Having five appendages resembling fingers or
toes.
Pen`ta*dac"tyl*oid (?), a.
[Pentadactyl + -oid.]
(Anat.) Having the form of, or a structure
modified from, a pentadactyl limb.
Pen`ta*dec"ane (?), n.
[Penta- + Gr. (Chem.)
A hydrocarbon of the paraffin series,
(C15H32) found in petroleum, tar oil, etc., and
obtained as a colorless liquid; -- so called from the
fifteen carbon atoms in the molecule.
Pen`ta*dec`a*to"ic (?), a.
[Penta- + decatoic.]
(Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from,
pentadecane, or designating an acid related to it.
Pen`ta*decyl"ic (?), a.
[Penta- + decylic.]
(Chem.) Same as Quindecylic<-- =
pentadecyl? -->.
Pen`ta*del"phous (?), a.
[Penta- + Gr.
(Bot.) Having the stamens arranged in five
clusters, those of each cluster having their filaments more or
less united, as the flowers of the linden.
<-- p. 1062 -->
Pen"ta*fid (?), a.
[Penta- + root of L. findere to
split.] (Bot.) Divided or cleft into five
parts.
Pen"ta*glot (?), n.
[Penta- + -glot, as in
polyglot.] A work in five different
tongues.
Pen"ta*gon (?), n. [Gr. Penta-) + gwni`a angle: cf. L.
pentagonium, F. pentagone.]
(Geom.) A plane figure having five angles, and,
consequently, five sides; any figure having five angles.
Regular pentagon, a pentagon in which the
angles are all equal, and the sides all equal.
Pen*tag"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F.
pentagonal, pentagone, L.
pentagonus, pentagonius, Gr.
Having five corners or angles.
Pentagonal dodecahedron. See
Dodecahedron, and Pyritohedron.
Pen*tag"o*nal*ly, adv. In the form of a
pentagon; with five angles.
Sir T. Browne.
Pen*tag"o*nous (?), a.
Pentagonal.
Pen"ta*gram (?), n. [Gr. Penta-, and
-gram.] A pentacle or a pentalpha.
\'bdLike a wizard pentagram.\'b8
Tennyson.
{ Pen`ta*graph"ic (?),
Pen`ta*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
[Corrupted fr. pantographic,
-ical.] Pantographic. See
Pantograph.
\'d8Pen`ta*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. Penta-) +
(Bot.) A Linn\'91an order of plants, having five
styles or pistils.
{ Pen`ta*gyn"i*an (?),
Pen*tag"y*nous (?), } a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to plants of the order
Pentagyna; having five styles.
Pen`ta*he"dral (?), a. Having
five sides; as, a pentahedral figure.
Pen`ta*hed"ric*al (?), a.
Pentahedral. [R.]
Pen`ta*he"dron (?), n.
[Penta- + Gr. "e`dra seat,
base.] A solid figure having five sides.
Pen`ta*he"drous (?), a.
Pentahedral.
Woodward.
Pen"tail` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A peculiar insectivore
(Ptilocercus Lowii) of Borneo; -- so called from its
very long, quill-shaped tail, which is scaly at the base and
plumose at the tip.
\'d8Pen*tal"pha (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. pentalpha. See Penta-,
and Alpha.] A five-pointed star, resembling
five alphas joined at their bases; -- used as a symbol.
<-- also called pentagram and pentacle? -->
\'d8Pen*tam"e*ra (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Pentamerous.] (Zo\'94l.)
An extensive division of Coleoptera, including those that
normally have five-jointed tarsi. It embraces about half of all
the known species of the Coleoptera.
Pen*tam"er*an (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Pentamera.
Pen*tam"er*ous (?), a.
[Penta- + Gr. 1.
(Biol.) Divided into, or consisting of, five
parts; also, arranged in sets, with five parts in each set, as a
flower with five sepals, five petals, five, or twice five,
stamens, and five pistils.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the
Pentamera.
\'d8Pen*tam"e*rus (?), n. [NL.
See Pentamerous.] (Paleon.) A
genus of extinct Paleozoic brachiopods, often very abundant in
the Upper Silurian.
Pentamerus limestone (Geol.), a
Silurian limestone composed largely of the shells of
Pentamerus.
Pen*tam"e*ter (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. Penta-) +
(Gr. & L.Pros.) A verse of five feet.
elegiac
distich consists of the hexameter followed by the
pentameter.
Harkness.
Pen*tam"e*ter, a. Having five metrical
feet.
Pen`ta*meth"yl*ene (?), n.
[Penta- + methylene.]
(Chem.) A hypothetical hydrocarbon,
C5H10, metameric with the amylenes, and the
nucleus of a large number of derivatives; -- so named because
regarded as composed of five methylene residues. Cf.
Trimethylene, and Tetramethylene.
\'d8Pen*tan"dri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. Penta-) + (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants
having five separate stamens.
{ Pen*tan"dri*an (?),
Pen*tan"drous (?), } a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to the class Pentadria;
having five stamens.
Pen"tane (?), n. [See
Penta-.] (Chem.) Any one of the
three metameric hydrocarbons, C5H12, of the
methane or paraffin series. They are colorless, volatile liquids,
two of which occur in petroleum. So called because of the
five carbon atoms in the molecule.
Pen"tan`gle (?), n.
[Penta- + angle.]
A pentagon. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Pen*tan"gu*lar (?), a.
[Penta- + angular.]
Having five corners or angles. [R.]
Pen`ta*pet"al*ous (?), a.
[Penta- + petal.]
(Bot.) Having five petals, or flower
leaves.
Pen*taph"yl*lous (?), a.
[Penta- + Gr. (Bot.)
Having five leaves or leaflets.
Pen*tap"o*dy (?), n.
[Penta- + Gr.
(Pros.) A measure or series consisting of five
feet.
Pen"tap*tote (?), n. [L.
(pl.) pentaptota. Gr. Penta-) +
(Gram.) A noun having five cases.
Pen"tap*tych (?), n.
[Penta- + Gr. (Fine
Arts) A picture, or combination of pictures,
consisting of a centerpiece and double folding doors or wings, as
for an altarpiece.
Pen"tar*chy (?), n. [Gr. pentarchie. See Penta-, and
-archy.] A government in the hands of five
persons; five joint rulers. P. Fletcher. \'bdThe
pentarchy of the senses.\'b8 A. Brewer.
Pen"ta*spast (?), n. [L.
pentaspaston, Gr. Penta-) + pentaspaste.] A purchase with
five pulleys. [R.]
Pen`ta*sper"mous (?), a.
[Penta- + Gr. (Bot.)
Containing five seeds.
Pen"ta*stich (?), n. [Gr. Penta-) + A composition consisting of five verses.
Pen*tas"ti*chous (?), a.
[Penta- + Gr. (Bot.)
Having, or arranged in, five vertical ranks, as the leaves
of an apple tree or a cherry tree.
\'d8Pen`ta*stom"i*da (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Penta-) +
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Linguatulina.
Pen"ta*style (?), a.
[Penta- + Gr.
(Arch.) Having five columns in front; -- said of
a temple or portico in classical architecture. --
n. A portico having five
columns.
Pen"ta*teuch (?), n. [L.
pentateuchus, Gr. Penta-) + text. See Five, and
Text.] The first five books of the Old
Testament, collectively; -- called also the Law of
Moses, Book of the Law of Moses,
etc.
Pen`ta*teu"chal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the Pentateuch.
Pen`ta*thi*on"ic (?), a.
[Penta- + thionic.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid of
sulphur obtained by leading hydrogen sulphide into a solution of
sulphur dioxide; -- so called because it contains five
atoms of sulphur.
\'d8Pen*tath"lon (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Gr.
Antiq.) A fivefold athletic performance peculiar to
the great national games of the Greeks, including leaping, foot
racing, wrestling, throwing the discus, and throwing the
spear.
Pen`ta*tom"ic (?), a.
[Penta- + atomic.]
(Chem.) (a) Having five atoms in the
molecule. (b) Having five hydrogen atoms
capable of substitution.
Pen*tav"a*lent (?), a.
[Penta- + L. valens, p. pr. See
Valence.] (Chem.) Having a valence
of five; -- said of certain atoms and radicals.
Pen"te*con`ter (?), n. [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) A
Grecian vessel with fifty oars. [Written also
pentaconter.]
Pen"te*cost (?), n. [L.
pentecoste, Gr. Five, and cf. Pingster.] 1.
A solemn festival of the Jews; -- so called because
celebrated on the fiftieth day (seven weeks) after the second day
of the Passover (which fell on the sixteenth of the Jewish month
Nisan); -- hence called, also, the Feast of
Weeks. At this festival an offering of the first fruits
of the harvest was made. By the Jews it was generally regarded as
commemorative of the gift of the law on the fiftieth day after
the departure from Egypt.
2. A festival of the Roman Catholic and other
churches in commemoration of the descent of the Holy Spirit on
the apostles; which occurred on the day of Pentecost; -- called
also Whitsunday.
Shak.
Pen`te*cos"tal (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Pentecost or to Whitsuntide.
Pen`te*cos"tals (?), n. pl.
Offerings formerly made to the parish priest, or to the
mother church, at Pentecost.
Shipley.
Pen`te*cos"ter (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)
An officer in the Spartan army commanding fifty men.
Mitford.
Pen`te*cos"ty (?), n.; pl.
Pentecosties (#). [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)
A troop of fifty soldiers in the Spartan army; -- called
also pentecostys.
Jowett (Thucyd. ).
{ Pen*tel"ic (?), Pen*tel"i*can
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to
Mount Pentelicus, near Athens, famous for its fine white marble
quarries; obtained from Mount Pentelicus; as, the
Pentelic marble of which the Parthenon is
built.
Pen"tene (?), n. [See
Penta-.] (Chem.) Same as
Amylene.
Pent"house` (?), n. [A
corruption of pentice.] A shed or roof
sloping from the main wall or building, as over a door or window;
a lean-to. Also figuratively. \'bdThe penthouse
of his eyes.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
<-- 2. An apartment at the top of a building. It is often the
most luxuriously appointed apartment, and is thus used as a
metaphor for luxurious living. -->
Pent"house`, a. Leaning;
overhanging. \'bdPenthouse lid.\'b8
Shak. \'bdMy penthouse eyebrows.\'b8
Dryden.
Pen"tice (?), n. [F.
appentis a penthouse. See Append.]
A penthouse. [Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
Pen"tile` (?), n. See
Pantile.
Pen"tine (?), n. [See
Penta-.] (Chem.) An unsaturated
hydrocarbon, C5H8, of the acetylene series. Same
as Valerylene.
Pen*to"ic (?), a. [See
Penta-.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or
desingating, an acid (called also valeric acid)
derived from pentane.
Pen"tone (?), n. [See
Penta-.] (Chem.) Same as
Valylene.
Pen*tox"ide (?), n.
[Penta- + oxide.]
(Chem.) An oxide containing five atoms of oxygen
in each molecule; as, phosphorus pentoxide,
P2O5.
Pen"tre*mite (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of Pentremites.
\'d8Pen`tre*mi"tes (?), n.
[NL., from Gr. remus an oar.]
(Zo\'94l.) A genus of crinoids belonging to the
Blastoidea. They have five petal-like ambulacra.
Pent"roof` (?), n. [F.
pente slope + E. roof, or from
penthouse roof.] See
Lean-to.
Pen"trough` (?), n. A
penstock.
Pen"tyl (?), n.
[Penta + -yl.]
(Chem.) The hypothetical radical,
C5H11, of pentane and certain of its
derivatives. Same as Amyl.
Pen*tyl"ic (?), a. Pertaining
to, derived from, or containing, pentyl; as, pentylic
alcohol
{ Pe"nu*chle (?), Pin"o*cle
(?) }, n. A game at cards, played
with forty-eight cards, being all the cards above the eight spots
in two packs.
Pe"nult (?), n. [Abbreviated
fr. penultima.] (Gram. & Pros.)
The last syllable but one of a word; the syllable preceding
the final one.
Pe*nul"ti*ma (?), n. [L. (sc.
syllaba), fr. penultimus,
paenultimus, the last but one; paene almost
+ ultimus the last.] Same as
Penult.
Pe*nul"ti*mate (?), a. Last but
one; as, the penultimate syllable, the last syllable
but one of a word.
Pe*nul"ti*mate, n. The penult.
Pe*num"bra (?), n. [NL., fr. L.
paene almost + umbra shade.]
1. An incomplete or partial shadow.
2. (Astron.) The shadow cast, in an
eclipse, where the light is partly, but not wholly, cut off by
the intervening body; the space of partial illumination between
the umbra, or perfect shadow, on all sides, and the full
light.
Sir I. Newton.
penumbra,
and sometimes umbra.
3. (Paint.) The part of a picture where
the shade imperceptibly blends with the light.
Pe*num"brala. Of or pertaining to a penumbra;
resembling a penumbra; partially illuminated.
Pe*nu"ri*ous (?), a. [From
Penury.] 1. Excessively sparing in
the use of money; sordid; stingy; miserly. \'bdA
penurious niggard of his wealth.\'b8
Milton.
2. Not bountiful or liberal; scanty.
Here creeps along a poor, penurious stream.
C. Pitt.
3. Destitute of money; suffering extreme
want. [Obs.] \'bdMy penurious
band.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- Avaricious; covetous; parsimonious; miserly;
niggardly; stingy. See Avaricious.
--Pe*nu"ri*ous*ly, adv. --
Pe*nu"ri*ous*ness, n.
Pen"u*ry (?), n. [L.
penuria; cf. Gr. p\'82nurie.] 1. Absence of
resources; want; privation; indigence; extreme poverty;
destitution. \'bdA penury of military
forces.\'b8
Bacon.
They were exposed to hardship and penury.
Sprat.
It arises in neither from penury of thought.
Landor.
2. Penuriousness; miserliness.
[Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Pen"wip`er (?), n. A cloth, or
other material, for wiping off or cleaning ink from a pen.
Pen"wom`an (?), n.; pl.
Penwomen (. A female writer;
an authoress.
Johnson.
Pe"on (?), n. See
Poon.
Pe"on, n. [Sp. peon, or Pg.
pe, one who travels on foot, a foot soldier, a
pawn in chess. See Pawn in chess.] 1.
A foot soldier; a policeman; also, an office attendant; a
messenger. [India]
2. A day laborer; a servant; especially, in some of
the Spanish American countries, debtor held by his creditor in a
form of qualified servitude, to work out a debt.
3. (Chess) See 2d Pawn.
Pe"on*age (?), n. The condition
of a peon.
Pe"on*ism (?), n. Same as
Peonage.
D. Webster.
Pe"o*ny (?), n.; pl.
Peonies (#). [OE.
pione, pioine, pioni, OF.
pione, F. pivoine, L. paeonia,
Gr. P\'91an.] (Bot.) A plant, and its
flower, of the ranunculaceous genus P\'91onia. Of the
four or five species, one is a shrub; the rest are perennial
herbs with showy flowers, often double in cultivation.
[Written also p\'91ony, and
piony.]
<-- p. 1063 -->
Peo"ple (?), n. [OE.
peple, people, OF. pueple, F.
peuple, fr. L. populus. Cf.
Populage, Public, Pueblo.]
1. The body of persons who compose a community,
tribe, nation, or race; an aggregate of individuals forming a
whole; a community; a nation.
Unto him shall the gathering of the people be.
Gen. xlix. 10.
The ants are a people not strong.
Prov. xxx. 25.
Before many peoples, and nations, and tongues.
Rev. x. 11.
Earth's monarchs are her peoples.
Whitter.
A government of all the people, by all the
people, for all the people.
T. Parker.
Peopleis a collective noun, generally
construed with a plural verb, and only occasionally used in the
plural form (peoples), in the sense of nations or
races.
2. Persons, generally; an indefinite number of men
and women; folks; population, or part of population; as,
country people; -- sometimes used as an indefinite
subject or verb, like on in French, and man
in German; as, people in adversity.
People were tempted to lend by great premiums.
Swift.
People have lived twenty-four days upon nothing but
water.
Arbuthnot.
3. The mass of comunity as distinguished from a
special class; the commonalty; the populace; the vulgar; the
common crowd; as, nobles and people.
And strive to gain his pardon from the people.
Addison.
4. With a possessive pronoun: (a) One's
ancestors or family; kindred; relations; as, my
people were English. (b) One's
subjects; fellow citizens; companions; followers. \'bdYou
slew great number of his people.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- People, Nation. When
speaking of a state, we use people for the mass of the
community, as distinguished from their rulers, and
nation for the entire political body, including the
rulers. In another sense of the term, nation describes
those who are descended from the same stock; and in this sense
the Germans regard themselves as one nation, though
politically subject to different forms of government.
Peo"ple (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Peopled p. pr.
& vb. n. Peopling (.]
[Cf. OF. popler, puepler, F.
puepler. Cf. Populate.] To stock
with people or inhabitants; to fill as with people; to
populate. \'bdPeopled heaven with angels.\'b8
Dryden.
As the gay motes that people the sunbeams.
Milton.
Peo"pled (?), a. Stocked with,
or as with, people; inhabited. \'bdThe peopled
air.\'b8
Gray.
Peo"ple*less, a. Destitute of
people.
Poe.
Peo"pler (?), n. A settler; an
inhabitant. \'bdPeoplers of the peaceful
glen.\'b8
J. S. Blackie.
Peo"plish (?), a. Vulgar.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Pe*o"ri*as (?), n. pl.; sing.
Peoria (. (Ethnol.)
An Algonquin tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited a part
of Illinois.
Pe*pas"tic (?), a. & n. [Gr.
p\'82pastique.]
(Med.) Same as Maturative.
{ Pep"e*rine (?), \'d8Pep`e*ri"no
(?), } n. [It.
peperino, L. piper pepper. So called on
account of its color.] (Geol.) A volcanic
rock, formed by the cementing together of sand, scoria, cinders,
etc.
\'d8Pep"lis (?), n. [L., a kind
of plant, Gr. (Bot.) A genus of
plants including water purslane.
\'d8Pep"lus (?), n. [L., fr.
Gr. 1. An upper garment worn by Grecian
and Roman women.
2. A kind of kerchief formerly worn by
Englishwomen. [Obs.]
Fairholt.
\'d8Pe"po (?), n. [L., a kind
of melon, from Gr. (Bot.) Any fleshy
fruit with a firm rind, as a pumpkin, melon, or gourd. See
Gourd.
Pep"per (?), n. [OE.
peper, AS. pipor, L. piper, fr.
Gr. pippala,
pippali.] 1. A well-known,
pungently aromatic condiment, the dried berry, either whole or
powdered, of the Piper nigrum.
Common, or black,
pepper is made from the whole berry, dried just before
maturity; white pepper is made from the ripe berry
after the outer skin has been removed by maceration and friction.
It has less of the peculiar properties of the plant than the
black pepper. Pepper is used in medicine as a carminative
stimulant.
2. (Bot.) The plant which yields pepper,
an East Indian woody climber (Piper nigrum), with
ovate leaves and apetalous flowers in spikes opposite the leaves.
The berries are red when ripe. Also, by extension, any one of the
several hundred species of the genus Piper, widely
dispersed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the
earth.
3. Any plant of the genus Capsicum, and its fruit;
red pepper; as, the bell pepper.
pepper has been extended to
various other fruits and plants, more or less closely resembling
the true pepper, esp. to the common varieties of
Capsicum. See Capsicum, and the Phrases,
below.
African pepper, the Guinea pepper. See under
Guinea. -- Cayenne pepper. See under
Cayenne. -- Chinese pepper, the
spicy berries of the Xanthoxylum piperitum, a species
of prickly ash found in China and Japan. -- Guinea
pepper. See under Guinea, and
Capsicum. -- Jamaica pepper. See
Allspice. -- Long pepper. (a)
The spike of berries of Piper longum, an East
Indian shrub. (b) The root of Piper, . See Kava. --
Malaguetta, Meleguetta,
pepper, the aromatic seeds of the
Amomum Melegueta, an African plant of the Ginger
family. They are sometimes used to flavor beer, etc., under the
name of grains of Paradise. -- Red
pepper. See Capsicum. -- Sweet
pepper bush (Bot.), an American shrub
(Clethra alnifolia), with racemes of fragrant white
flowers; -- called also white alder. --
Pepper box caster, a
small box or bottle, with a perforated lid, used for sprinkling
ground pepper on food, etc. -- Pepper corn.
See in the Vocabulary. -- Pepper elder
(Bot.), a West Indian name of several plants of
the Pepper family, species of Piper and
Peperomia. -- Pepper moth
(Zo\'94l.), a European moth (Biston
betularia) having white wings covered with small black
specks. -- Pepper pot, a mucilaginous soup or
stew of vegetables and cassareep, much esteemed in the West
Indies. -- Pepper root. (Bot.).
See Coralwort. -- pepper sauce,
a condiment for the table, made of small red peppers steeped
in vinegar. -- Pepper tree (Bot.),
an aromatic tree (Drimys axillaris) of the
Magnolia family, common in New Zealand. See Peruvian mastic
tree, under Mastic.
Pep"per, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Peppered (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Peppering.] 1. To
sprinkle or season with pepper.
2. Figuratively: To shower shot or other missiles,
or blows, upon; to pelt; to fill with shot, or cover with bruises
or wounds. \'bdI have peppered two of them.\'b8
\'bdI am peppered, I warrant, for this world.\'b8
Shak.
Pep"per, v. i. To fire numerous shots
(at).
Pep"per*brand` (?), n.
(Bot.) See 1st Bunt.
Pep"per*corn` (?), n. 1.
A dried berry of the black pepper (Piper
nigrum).
2. Anything insignificant; a particle.
Pep"per dulse` (?). (Bot.) A
variety of edible seaweed (Laurencia pinnatifida)
distinguished for its pungency. [Scot.]
Lindley.
Pep"per*er (?), n. A grocer; --
formerly so called because he sold pepper.
[Obs.]
Pep"per*grass` (?), n.
(Bot.) (a) Any herb of the cruciferous
genus Lepidium, especially the garden peppergrass, or
garden cress, Lepidium sativum; -- called also
pepperwort. All the species have a pungent
flavor. (b) The common pillwort of Europe
(Pilularia globulifera). See Pillwort.
Pep"per*idge (?), n. [Cf. NL.
berberis, E. barberry.]
(Bot.) A North American tree (Nyssa
multiflora) with very tough wood, handsome oval polished
leaves, and very acid berries, -- the sour gum, or common tupelo.
See Tupelo. [Written also
piperidge and pipperidge.]
Pepperidge bush (Bot.), the
barberry.
Pep"per*ing, a. Hot; pungent;
peppery.
Swift.
Pep"per*mint (?), n.
[Pepper + mint.] 1.
(Bot.) An aromatic and pungent plant of the genus
Mentha (M. piperita), much used in medicine
and confectionery.
2. A volatile oil (oil of peppermint) distilled
from the fresh herb; also, a well-known essence or spirit
(essence of peppermint) obtained from it.
3. A lozenge of sugar flavored with
peppermint.
Peppermint camphor. (Chem.) Same as
Menthol. -- Peppermint tree
(Bot.), a name given to several Australian species
of gum tree (Eucalyptus amygdalina, E.
piperita, E. odorata, etc.) which have hard and
durable wood, and yield an essential oil.
Pep"per*wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) See Peppergrass.
Pep"per*y (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to pepper; having the qualities of pepper;
hot; pungent.
2. Fig.: Hot-tempered; passionate; choleric.
Pep"sin (?), n. [Gr. pepsine. Cf. Dyspepsia.]
(Physiol. Chem.) An unorganized proteolytic
ferment or enzyme contained in the secretory glands of the
stomach. In the gastric juice it is united with dilute
hydrochloric acid (0.2 per cent, approximately) and the two
together constitute the active portion of the digestive fluid. It
is the active agent in the gastric juice of all animals.
Pep`sin*hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a.
(Physiol. Chem.) Same as
Peptohydrochloric.
Pep*sin"o*gen (?), n.
[Pepsin + -gen.] (Physiol.
Chem.) The antecedent of the ferment pepsin. A
substance contained in the form of granules in the peptic cells
of the gastric glands. It is readily convertible into pepsin.
Also called propepsin.
Pep"tic (?), a. [L.
pepticus, Gr. Pepsin.]
1. Relating to digestion; promoting digestion;
digestive; as, peptic sauces.
2. Able to digest. [R.]
Tolerably nutritive for a mind as yet so
peptic.
Carlyle.
3. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to
pepsin; resembling pepsin in its power of digesting or dissolving
albuminous matter; containing or yielding pepsin, or a body of
like properties; as, the peptic glands.
Pep"tic, n. 1. An agent that
promotes digestion.
2. pl. The digestive organs.
Is there some magic in the place,
Or do my peptics differ?
Tennyson.
Pep"tics (?), n. The science of
digestion.
Pep"to*gen (?), n.
[Peptone + -gen.]
(Physiol.) A substance convertible into
peptone.
Pep`to*gen"ic (?), a. Same as
Peptogenous.
Pep*tog"e*nous (?), a.
(Physiol. Chem.) Capable of yielding, or being
converted into, peptone.
Pep`to*hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a.
[See Peptone, and Hydrochloric.]
(Physiol. Chem.) Designating a hypothetical acid
(called peptohydrochloric acid,
pepsinhydrochloric acid, and chloropeptic
acid) which is supposed to be formed when pepsin and dilute
(0.1-0.4 per cent) hydrochloric acid are mixed together.
Pep"tone (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.) (a) The
soluble and diffusible substance or substances into which
albuminous portions of the food are transformed by the action of
the gastric and pancreatic juices. Peptones are also formed from
albuminous matter by the action of boiling water and boiling
dilute acids. (b) Collectively, in a broader
sense, all the products resulting from the solution of albuminous
matter in either gastric or pancreatic juice. In this case,
however, intermediate products (albumose bodies), such as
antialbumose, hemialbumose, etc., are mixed
with the true peptones. Also termed albuminose.
<-- soluble polypeptides produced by hydrolysis of protein -->
amphopeptone, antipeptone, and
hemipeptone, and, unlike the albumose bodies, are not
precipitated by saturating their solutions with ammonium
sulphate.
Pep"to*nize (?), v. t.
(Physiol.) To convert into peptone; to digest or
dissolve by means of a proteolytic ferment; as,
peptonized food.
Pep"to*noid (?), n.
[Peptone + -oid.] (Physiol.
Chem.) A substance related to peptone.
\'d8Pep`to*nu"ri*a (?), n. [NL.
See Peptone, and Urine.]
(Med.) The presence of peptone, or a peptonelike
body, in the urine.<-- not in Stedman's. Superseded by
proteinuria? -->
Pep`to*tox"ine (?), n.
[Peptone + toxic +
-ine.] (Physiol. Chem.) A toxic
alkaloid found occasionally associated with the peptones formed
from fibrin by pepsinhydrochloric acid.
Pe"quots (?), n. pl.; sing.
Pequot (. (Ethnol.)
A tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited Eastern
Connecticut. [Written also
Pequods.]
Per- (?). [See Per.]
1. A prefix used to signify through,
throughout, by, for, or as an
intensive as perhaps, by hap or chance;
perennial, that lasts throughout the year;
perforce, through or by force; perfoliate,
perforate; perspicuous, evident throughout
or very evident; perplex, literally, to entangle very
much.
2. (Chem.) Originally, denoting that the
element to the name of which it is prefixed in the respective
compounds exercised its highest valence; now, only
that the element has a higher valence than in other
similar compounds; thus, barium peroxide is the
highest oxide of barium; while nitrogen and manganese
peroxides, so-called, are not the highest oxides of
those elements.
Per (?), prep. [L. Cf.
Far, For-, Pardon, and cf.
Par, prep.] Through; by means of;
through the agency of; by; for; for each; as, per
annum; per capita, by heads, or according to
individuals; per curiam, by the court; per se,
by itself, of itself. Per is also sometimes used
with English words.
Per annum, by the year; in each successive
year; annually. -- Per cent, Per
centum, by the hundred; in the hundred; -- used
esp. of proportions of ingredients, rate or amount of interest,
and the like; commonly used in the shortened form per
cent.<-- commonly symbolized with the per cent sign, %
--> -- Per diem, by the day. [For other
phrases from the Latin, see Quotations, Phrases, etc., from
Foreign Languages, in the Supplement.]
Per*act" (?), v. t. [L.
peractus, p.p. of peragere.] To
go through with; to perform. [Obs.]
Sylvester.
Per`a*cute" (?), a. [L.
peracutus. See Per-, and
Acute.] Very sharp; very violent; as, a
peracute fever. [R.]
Harvey.
Per`ad*ven"ture (?), adv. & conj.
[OE. per aventure, F. par aventure.
See Per, and Adventure.] By chance;
perhaps; it may be; if; supposing. \'bdIf
peradventure he speak against me.\'b8
Shak.
Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the
city.
Gen. xviii. 24.
Per`ad*ven"ture, n. Chance; hap; hence,
doubt; question; as, proved beyond
peradventure.
South.
Pe*r\'91"o*pod (?), n. [Gr. -pod.]
(Zo\'94l.) One of the thoracic legs of a
crustacean. See Illust. of Crustacea.
Per"a*grate (?), v. t. [L.
peragratus, p.p. of peragrate.]
To travel over or through. [Obs.]
Per`agra"tion (?), n. [L.
peragratio: cf. F. peragration.]
The act or state of passing through any space; as, the
peragration of the moon in her monthly
revolution. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Per*am"bu*late (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perambulated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perambulating.] [L.
perambulatus, p.p. of perambulare to
perambulate; per through + ambulare to
walk. See Per-, and Amble.] To walk
through or over; especially, to travel over for the purpose of
surveying or examining; to inspect by traversing; specifically,
to inspect officially the boundaries of, as of a town or parish,
by walking over the whole line.
Per*am"bu*late, v. i. To walk about; to
ramble; to stroll; as, he perambulated in the
park.
Per*am`bu*la"tion (?), n.
1. The act of perambulating; traversing.
Bacon.
2. An annual survey of boundaries, as of town, a
parish, a forest, etc.
3. A district within which one is authorized to
make a tour of inspection. \'bdThe . . . bounds of his own
perambulation.\'b8 [Obs.]
Holyday.
Per*am"bu*la`tor (?), n. 1.
One who perambulates.
2. A surveyor's instrument for measuring distances.
It consists of a wheel arranged to roll along over the ground,
with an apparatus of clockwork, and a dial plate upon which the
distance traveled is shown by an index. See
Odometer.
3. A low carriage for a child, propelled by
pushing.
\'d8Per`a*me"les (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. meles a badger.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any marsupial of the genus
Perameles, which includes numerous species found in
Australia. They somewhat resemble rabbits in size and form. See
Illust. under Bandicoot.
Per"bend (?), n. See
Perpender.
Per"break` (?), n.
[Obs.] See Parbreak.
Per*bro"mate (?), n.
(Chem.)A salt of perbromic acid.
Per*bro"mic (?), a. [Pref.
per- + bromic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, the highest oxygen acid,
HBrO4, of bromine.
Per*bro"mide (?), n.
(Chem.) A bromide having a higher proportion of
bromine than any other bromide of the same substance or
series.
\'d8Per"ca (?), n. [L., a
perch.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fishes,
including the fresh-water perch.
\'d8Per`cale" (?), n.
[F.] A fine cotton fabric, having a linen finish,
and often printed on one side, -- used for women's and children's
wear.
\'d8Per`ca`line" (?), n.
[F.] A fine kind of French cotton goods, usually
of one color.
Per*car"bide (?), n. [Pref.
per- + carbide.]
(Chem.)A compound containing a relatively large
amount of carbon. [R.]
Per*car"bu*ret (?), n. [Pref.
per- + carburet.] (Chem.)
A percarbide. [Obsoles.]
Per*car"bu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)
Combined with a relatively large amount of carbon.
Per*case" (?), adv. [OE.
per cas. See Parcase.] Perhaps;
perchance. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Perce (?), v. t. To
pierce. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Per*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being perceived; perceptible. --
Per*ceiv"a*bly, adv.
Per*ceiv"ance (?), n. Power of
perceiving. [Obs.] \'bdThe senses and common
perceivance.\'b8
Milton.
Per*ceive" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perceived
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perceiving.] [OF. percevoir,
perceveir, L. percipere,
perceptum; per (see Per-) +
capere to take, receive. See Capacious, and
cf. Perception.] 1. To obtain
knowledge of through the senses; to receive impressions from by
means of the bodily organs; to take cognizance of the existence,
character, or identity of, by means of the senses; to see, hear,
or feel; as, to perceive a distant ship; to
perceive a discord.
Reid.
2. To take intellectual cognizance of; to apprehend
by the mind; to be convinced of by direct intuition; to note; to
remark; to discern; to see; to understand.
Jesus perceived their wickedness.
Matt. xxii. 18.
You may, fair lady,
Perceive I speak sincerely.
Shak.
Till we ourselves see it with our own eyes, and
perceive it by our own understandings, we are still in
the dark.
Locke.
3. To be affected of influented by.
[R.]
The upper regions of the air perceive the
collection of the matter of tempests before the air here
below.
Bacon.
Syn. -- To discern; distinguish; observe; see; feel; know;
understand. -- To Perceive,
Discern. To perceive a thing is to apprehend
it as presented to the senses or the intellect; to
discern is to mark differences, or to see a thing as
distinguished from others around it. We may perceive
two persons afar off without being able to discern
whether they are men or women. Hence, discern is often
used of an act of the senses or the mind involving close,
discriminating, analytical attention. We perceive that
which is clear or obvious; we discern that which
requires much attention to get an idea of it. \'bdWe
perceive light, darkness, colors, or the truth or
falsehood of anything. We discern characters, motives,
the tendency and consequences of actions, etc.\'b8
Crabb.
<-- p. 1064 -->
Per*ceiv"er (?), n. One who
perceives (in any of the senses of the verb).
Milton.
Perce"ly (?), n. Parsley.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Per*cent"age (?), n. [Per
cent + -age, as in average. See Per,
and Cent.] (Com.) A certain rate
per cent; the allowance, duty, rate of interest, discount, or
commission, on a hundred.
Per"cept (?), n. [From L.
percipere, perceptum.] That
which is perceived.
Sir W. Hamilton.
The modern discussion between percept and concept,
the one sensuous, the other intellectual.
Max M\'81ller.
Per*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n.
[Cf. F. perceptibilit\'82.] 1.
The quality or state of being perceptible; as, the
perceptibility of light or color.
2. Perception. [R.]
Dr. H. More.
Per*cep"ti*ble (?), a. [L.
perceptibilis: cf. F. perceptible. See
Perceive.] Capable of being perceived;
cognizable; discernible; perceivable.
With a perceptible blast of the air.
Bacon.
-- Per*cep"ti*ble*ness, n. --
Per*cep"ti*bly, adv.
Per*cep"tion (?), n. [L.
perceptio: cf. F. perception. See
Perceive.] 1. The act of perceiving;
cognizance by the senses or intellect; apperhension by the bodily
organs, or by the mind, of what is presented to them;
discernment; apperhension; cognition.
2. (Metaph.) The faculty of perceiving;
the faculty, or peculiar part, of man's constitution by which he
has knowledge through the medium or instrumentality of the bodily
organs; the act of apperhending material objects or qualities
through the senses; -- distinguished from
conception.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Matter hath no life nor perception, and is not
conscious of its own existence.
Bentley.
3. The quality, state, or capability, of being
affected by something external; sensation; sensibility.
[Obs.]
This experiment discovereth perception in
plants.
Bacon.
4. An idea; a notion. [Obs.]
Sir M. Hale.
perception is, in the
language of philosophers previous to Reid, used in a very
extensive signification. By Descartes, Malebranche, Locke,
Leibnitz, and others, it is employed in a sense almost as
unexclusive as consciousness, in its widest
signification. By Reid this word was limited to our faculty
acquisitive of knowledge, and to that branch of this faculty
whereby, through the senses, we obtain a knowledge of the
external world. But his limitation did not stop here. In the act
of external perception he distinguished two elements, to which he
gave the names of perception and sensation.
He ought perhaps to have called these perception
proper and sensation proper, when employed in
his special meaning.\'b8
Sir W. Hamilton.
Per*cep"tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
perceptif.] Of or pertaining to the act or
power of perceiving; having the faculty or power of perceiving;
used in perception. \'bdHis perceptive and
reflective faculties.\'b8
Motley.
Per`cep*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being perceptive; power of perception.
Locke.
\'d8Per*ces"o*ces (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. perca a perch + esox,
-ocis, a pike.] (Zo\'94l.) An
order of fishes including the gray mullets (Mugil),
the barracudas, the silversides, and other related fishes. So
called from their relation both to perches and to pikes.
Perch (?), n. [Written also
pearch.] [OE. perche, F.
perche, L. perca, fr. Gr. p spotted, speckled, and E.
freckle.] (Zo\'94l.) 1.
Any fresh-water fish of the genus Perca and of several other
allied genera of the family Percid\'91, as the common
American or yellow perch (Perca flavescens, ), and the European perch (P.
fluviatilis).
2. Any one of numerous species of spiny-finned
fishes belonging to the Percid\'91,
Serranid\'91, and related families, and resembling,
more or less, the true perches.
Black perch. (a) The black bass.
(b) The flasher. (c) The sea
bass. -- Blue perch, the cunner. --
Gray perch, the fresh-water drum. -- Red
perch, the rosefish. -- Red-bellied
perch, the long-eared pondfish. -- Perch
pest, a small crustacean, parasitic in the mouth of the
perch. -- Silver perch, the yellowtail.
-- Stone, Striped,
perch, the pope. -- White
perch, the Roccus, ,
a small silvery serranoid market fish of the Atlantic
coast.
Perch (?), n. [F.
perche, L. pertica.] 1.
A pole; a long staff; a rod; esp., a pole or other support
for fowls to roost on or to rest on; a roost; figuratively, any
elevated resting place or seat.
As chauntecleer among his wives all
Sat on his perche, that was in his hall.
Chaucer.
Not making his high place the lawless perch
Of winged ambitions.
Tennyson.
2. (a) A measure of length containing five
and a half yards; a rod, or pole. (b) In land
or square measure: A square rod; the 160th part of an acre.
(c) In solid measure: A mass 16
3. A pole connecting the fore gear and hind gear of
a spring carriage; a reach.
Perch, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Perched (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Perching.] [F.
percher. See Perch a pole.] To
alight or settle, as a bird; to sit or roost.
Wrens make prey where eagles dare not perch.
Shak.
Perch, v. t. 1. To place or to
set on, or as on, a perch.
2. To occupy as a perch.
Milton.
Per*chance" (?), adv. [F.
par by (L. per) + chance. See
Par, and Chance.] By chance;
perhaps; peradventure.
Perch"ant (?), n. [F.]
A bird tied by the foot, to serve as decoy to other birds by
its fluttering.
Perch"er (?), n. [From
Perch, v. i.] 1. One who,
or that which, perches.
J. Burroughs.
2. One of the Insessores.
3. [From Perch a pole.] A Paris
candle anciently used in England; also, a large wax candle
formerly set upon the altar. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Per"che*ron (?), n. [F.]
One of a breed of draught horses originating in
Perche, an old district of France; -- called also
Percheron-Norman.
Per*chlo"rate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of perchloric acid.
Per*chlo"ric (?), a. [Pref.
per- + chloric.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, the highest oxygen acid
(HClO4), of chlorine; -- called also
hyperchloric.
Per*chlo"ride (?), n.
(Chem.) A chloride having a higher proportion of
chlorine than any other chloride of the same substance or
series.
Per*chro"mic (?), a. [Pref.
per- + chromic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, a certain one of the highly
oxidized compounds of chromium, which has a deep blue color, and
is produced by the action of hydrogen peroxide.
Per"ci*form (?), a. [NL., & L.
perca a perch + -form.]
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Perciformes.
\'d8Per`ci*for"mes (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive tribe or
suborder of fishes, including the true perches
(Percid\'91); the pondfishes
(Centrarchid\'91); the sci\'91noids
(Sci\'91nid\'91); the sparoids
(Sparid\'91); the serranoids
(Serranid\'91), and some other related families.
{ Per*cip"i*ence (?),
Per*cip"i*en*cy (?), } n.
The faculty, act or power of perceiving; perception.
Mrs. Browning.
Per*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L.
percipiens, -entis, p.pr. of
percipere. See Perceive.] Having
the faculty of perception; perceiving; as, a
percipient being. Bentley. --
n. One who, or that which, is
percipient.
Glanvill.
Per*close" (?), n. [OF.
parclose an inclosed place; L. per through
+ claudere, clausum, to shut.]
1. (Eccl. Arch.) Same as
Parclose.
2. Conclusion; end. [Obs.]
Sir W. Raleigh.
Per"coid (?), a. [L.
perca a perch + -oid: cf. F.
perco\'8bde.] (Zo\'94l.)
Belonging to, or resembling, the perches, or family
Percid\'91. -- n. Any fish
of the genus Perca, or allied genera of the family
Percid\'91.
\'d8Per*coi"de*a (?), n. pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Perciformes.
Per"co*late (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Percolated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Percolating.] [L.
percolatus, p.p. of percolare to percolate;
per through + colare to strain.]
To cause to pass through fine interstices, as a liquor; to
filter; to strain.
Sir M. Hale.
Per"co*late, v. i. To pass through fine
interstices; to filter; as, water percolates through
porous stone.
Per`co*la"tion (?), n. [L.
percolatio.] The act or process of
percolating, or filtering; filtration; straining. Specifically
(Pharm.), the process of exhausting the virtues of a
powdered drug by letting a liquid filter slowly through it.
Per"co*la`tor (?), n. One who,
or that which, filters. \'bd[Tissues] act as
percolators.\'b8
Henfrey.
<-- a device for brewing coffee by percoation -->
\'d8Per`co*mor"phi (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. perca perch + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A division of fishes including the
perches and related kinds.
Per"cu*laced (?), a. [Prob.
corrupt. fr. portcullised.] (Her.)
Latticed. See Lattice, n., 2.
Per*cur"rent (?), a. [L.
percurrens, p.pr. of percurrere to run
through; per through + currere to
run.] Running through the entire length.
Per*cur"so*ry (?), a. [L.
percursor one who runs through, fr.
percurrere. See Percurrent.]
Running over slightly or in haste; cursory.
[R.]
Per*cuss" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Percussed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Percussing.] [L. percussus,
p.p. of percutere; per + quatere to shake,
strike. See Quash.] To strike smartly; to
strike upon or against; as, to percuss the chest in
medical examination.
Flame percussed by air giveth a noise.
Bacon.
Per*cuss", v. i. (Med.) To
strike or tap in an examination by percussion. See
Percussion, 3.
Quain.
Per*cus"sion (?), n. [L.
percussio: cf. F. percussion. See
Percuss.] 1. The act of percussing,
or striking one body against another; forcible collision, esp.
such as gives a sound or report.
Sir I. Newton.
2. Hence: The effect of violent collision;
vibratory shock; impression of sound on the ear.
The thunderlike percussion of thy sounds.
Shak.
3. (Med.) The act of tapping or striking
the surface of the body in order to learn the condition of the
parts beneath by the sound emitted or the sensation imparted to
the fingers. Percussion is said to be immediate if the
blow is directly upon the body; if some interventing substance,
as a pleximeter, is, used, it is called mediate.
Center of percussion. See under
Center. -- Percussion bullet, a
bullet containing a substance which is exploded by percussion; an
explosive bullet. -- Percussion cap, a small
copper cap or cup, containing fulminating powder, and used with a
percussion lock to explode gunpowder. -- Percussion
fuze. See under Fuze. -- Percussion
lock, the lock of a gun that is fired by percussion
upon fulminating powder. -- Percussion match,
a match which ignites by percussion. -- Percussion
powder, powder so composed as to ignite by slight
percussion; fulminating powder. -- Percussion
sieve, Percussion table, a machine
for sorting ores by agitation in running water.
Per*cuss"ive (?), a. Striking
against; percutient; as, percussive
force.
Per*cu"tient (?), a. [L.
percutiens, p.pr. of percutere. See
Percuss.] Striking; having the power of
striking. -- n. That which strikes,
or has power to strike.
Bacon.
Per"di*cine (?), a. [See
Perdix.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or
pertaining to the family Perdicid\'91, or
partridges.
Per*die" (?), adv. See
Parde.
Spenser.
Per"di*foil (?), n. [L.
perdere to lose + folium leaf.]
(Bot.) A deciduous plant; -- opposed to
evergreen.
J. Barton.
Per*di"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L.
perditio, fr. perdere, perditum,
to ruin, to lose; per (cf. Skr. par\'be
away) + -dere (only in comp.) to put; akin to Gr. do. See Do.] 1. Entire
loss; utter destruction; ruin; esp., the utter loss of the soul,
or of final happiness in a future state; future misery or eternal
death.
The mere perdition of the Turkish fleet.
Shak.
If we reject the truth, we seal our own
perdition.
J. M. Mason.
2. Loss of diminution. [Obs.]
Shak.
Per*di"tion*a*ble (?), a.
Capable of being ruined; worthy of perdition.
[R.]
Pollok.
\'d8Per"dix (?), n. [L., a
partridge, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
birds including the common European partridge. Formerly the word
was used in a much wider sense to include many allied
genera.
Per*du" (?), n. [See
Perdu, a.] 1. One placed
on watch, or in ambush.
2. A soldier sent on a forlorn hope.
Shak.
{ Per*du", Per*due" } (?),
a. [F. perdu, f. perdue,
lost, p.p. of perdre to lose, L. perdere.
See Perdition.] 1. Lost to view; in
concealment or ambush; close.
He should lie perdue who is to walk the round.
Fuller.
2. Accustomed to, or employed in, desperate
enterprises; hence, reckless; hopeless. \'bdA
perdue captain.\'b8
Beau. & Fl.
Per`du*el"lion (?), n. [L.
perduellio; per + duellum,
bellum, war.] (Civil Law)
Treason.
Per"du*lous (?), a. [See
Perdu, a.] Lost; thrown
away. [Obs.]
Abp. Bramhall.
Per*dur`a*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Durability; lastingness. [Archaic]
Chaucer.
Per*dur"a*ble (?), n. [Cf. F.
perdurable, OE. pardurable. See
Perdure.] Very durable; lasting; continuing
long. [Archaic]
Chaucer. Shak.
-- Per*dur"a*bly, adv.
[Archaic]
{ Per*dur"ance (?),
Per`du*ra"tion (?), } n.
Long continuance. [Archaic]
Per*dure" (?), v. i. [L.
perdurare; per trough + durare
to last.] To last or endure for a long time; to be
perdurable or lasting. [Archaic]
The mind perdures while its energizing may
construct a thousand lines.
Hickok.
Per*dy" (?), adv. Truly. See
Parde. [Obs.]
Ah, dame! perdy ye have not done me right.
Spenser.
Pere (?), n. A peer.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Per*e"gal (?), a. [OF.
par very (L. per) + egal equal,
L. aequalis.] Fully equal.
[Obs.] Chaucer. \'bdPeregal to
the best.\'b8
Spenser.
Per"e*gri*nate (?), v. i. [L.
peregrinatus, p.p. of peregrinari to
travel. See Pilgrim.] To travel from place to
place, or from one country to another; hence, to sojourn in
foreign countries.
Per"e*gri*nate (?), a. [L.
peregrinatus, p.p.] Having traveled;
foreign. [Obs.]
Shak.
Per`e*gri*na"tion (?), n. [L.
peregrinatio: cf. F.
p\'82r\'82grination.] A traveling from one
country to another; a wandering; sojourn in foreign
countries. \'bdHis peregrination abroad.\'b8
Bacon.
Per"e*gri*na`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who peregrinates; one who travels
about.
Per"e*grine (?), a. [L.
peregrinus. See Pilgrim.] Foreign;
not native; extrinsic or from without; exotic.
[Spelt also pelegrine.]
\'bdPeregrine and preternatural heat.\'b8
Bacon.
Peregrine falcon (Zo\'94l.), a
courageous and swift falcon (Falco peregrinus),
remarkable for its wide distribution over all the continents. The
adult plumage is dark bluish ash on the back, nearly black on the
head and cheeks, white beneath, barred with black below the
throat. Called also peregrine hawk,
duck hawk, game hawk, and
great-footed hawk.
Per"e*grine (?), n. The
peregrine falcon.
Per`e*grin"i*ty (?), n. [L.
peregrinitas: cf. F.
p\'82r\'82grinit\'82.] 1.
Foreignness; strangeness. [Obs.]
\'bdSomewhat of a peregrinity in their dialect.\'b8
Johnson.
2. Travel; wandering. [R.]
Carlyle.
<-- p. 1065 -->
Per"el (?), n. Apparel.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Per*empt" (?), v. t. [L.
peremptus, p.p. of perimere to take away
entirely, to destroy; per (see Per-) + OL.
emere to take. See Redeem.]
(Law) To destroy; to defeat.
[R.]
Ayliffe.
Per*emp"tion (?), n. [L.
peremptio: cf. F. p\'82remption.]
(Law) A quashing; a defeating.
[Obs.]
Per"emp*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a
peremptory manner; absolutely; positively.
Bacon.
Per"emp*to*ri*ness, n. The quality of
being peremptory; positiveness.
Per"emp*to*ry (?), a. [L.
peremptorius destructive, deadly, decisive, final: cf.
F. p\'82remptorie. See Perempt.]
1. Precluding debate or expostulation; not
admitting of question or appeal; positive; absolute; decisive;
conclusive; final.
Think of heaven with hearty purposes and peremptory
designs to get thither.
Jer. Taylor.
2. Positive in opinion or judgment; decided;
dictatorial; dogmatical.
Be not too positive and peremptory.
Bacon.
Briefly, then, for we are peremptory.
Shak.
3. Firmly determined; unawed.
[Poetic]
Shak.
Peremptory challenge (Law) See
under Challenge. -- Peremptory mandamus,
a final and absolute mandamus. -- Peremptory
plea, a plea by a defendant tending to impeach the
plaintiff's right of action; a plea in bar.
Syn. -- Decisive; positive; absolute; authoritative;
express; arbitrary; dogmatical.
Per*en"ni*al (?), a. [L.
perennis that lasts the whole year through;
per through + annus year. See
Per-, and Annual.] 1. ing
or continuing through the year; as, perennial
fountains.
2. Continuing without cessation or intermission;
perpetual; unceasing; never failing.
The perennial existence of bodies corporate.
Burke.
3. (Bot.) Continuing more than two
years; as, a perennial steam, or root, or
plant.
Syn. -- Perpetual; unceasing; never failing; enduring;
continual; permanent; uninterrupted.
Per*en"ni*al, n. (Bot.) A
perennial plant; a plant which lives or continues more than two
years, whether it retains its leaves in winter or not.
Per*en"ni*al*ly, adv. In a perennial
manner.
\'d8Per*en`ni*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n.
pl. [NL. See Perennial, and
Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) Those
Batrachia which retain their gills through life, as the
menobranchus.
Per*en`ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a.
[See Perennial, and Branchiate.]
1. (Anat.) Having branch\'91, or gills,
through life; -- said especially of certain Amphibia, like the
menobranchus. Opposed to caducibranchiate.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the
Perennibranchiata.
Per*en"ni*ty (?), n. [L.
perennitas.] The quality of being
perennial. [R.]
Derham.
Per`er*ra"tion (?), n. [L.
pererrare, pererratum, to wander
through.] A wandering, or rambling, through various
places. [R.]
Howell.
Per"fect (?), a. [OE.
parfit, OF. parfit, parfet,
parfait, F. parfait, L.
perfectus, p.p. of perficere to carry to
the end, to perform, finish, perfect; per (see
Per-) + facere to make, do. See
Fact.] 1. Brought to consummation or
completeness; completed; not defective nor redundant; having all
the properties or qualities requisite to its nature and kind;
without flaw, fault, or blemish; without error; mature; whole;
pure; sound; right; correct.
My strength is made perfect in weakness.
2 Cor. xii. 9.
Three glorious suns, each one a perfect sun.
Shak.
I fear I am not in my perfect mind.
Shak.
O most entire perfect sacrifice!
Keble.
God made thee perfect, not immutable.
Milton.
2. Well informed; certain; sure.
I am perfect that the Pannonains are now in
arms.
Shak.
3. (Bot.) Hermaphrodite; having both
stamens and pistils; -- said of flower.
Perfect cadence (Mus.), a complete
and satisfactory close in harmony, as upon the tonic preceded by
the dominant. -- Perfect chord (Mus.),
a concord or union of sounds which is perfectly coalescent
and agreeable to the ear, as the unison, octave, fifth, and
fourth; a perfect consonance; a common chord in its original
position of keynote, third, fifth, and octave. --
Perfect number (Arith.), a number equal
to the sum of all its divisors; as, 28, whose aliquot parts, or
divisors, are 14, 7, 4, 2, 1. See Abundant number,
under Abundant. Brande & C. --
Perfect tense (Gram.), a tense which
expresses an act or state completed.<-- = perfective
-->
Syn. -- Finished; consummate; complete; entire; faultless;
blameless; unblemished.
Per"fect (?), n. The perfect
tense, or a form in that tense.
Per"fect (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perfected; p.
pr. & vb. n. Perfecting.] [L.
perfectus, p.p. of perficere. See
Perfect, a.] To make perfect; to
finish or complete, so as to leave nothing wanting; to give to
anything all that is requisite to its nature and kind.
God dwelleth in us, and his love is perfect in
us.
1 John iv. 12.
Inquire into the nature and properties of the things, . . .
and thereby perfect our ideas of their distinct
species.
Locke.
Perfecting press (Print.), a press
in which the printing on both sides of the paper is completed in
one passage through the machine.
Syn. -- To finish; accomplish; complete; consummate.
Per"fect*er (?), n. One who, or
that which, makes perfect. \'bdThe . . .
perfecter of our faith.\'b8
Barrow.
Per*fect`i*bil"i*an (?), n. A
perfectionist. [R.]
Ed. Rev.
Per`fec*tib"i*list (?), n. A
perfectionist. See also Illuminati, 2.
[R.]
Per*fect`i*bil"i*ty (?), n.
[Cf. F. perfectibilit\'82.] The
quality or state of being perfectible.
Per*fect"i*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
perfectible.] Capable of becoming, or being
made, perfect.
Per*fec"tion (?), n. [F.
perfection, L. perfectio.]
1. The quality or state of being perfect or
complete, so that nothing requisite is wanting; entire
development; consummate culture, skill, or moral excellence; the
highest attainable state or degree of excellence; maturity;
as, perfection in an art, in a science, or in a
system; perfection in form or degree; fruits in
perfection.
2. A quality, endowment, or acquirement completely
excellent; an ideal faultlessness; especially, the divine
attribute of complete excellence.
Shak.
What tongue can her perfections tell?
Sir P. Sidney.
To perfection, in the highest degree of
excellence; perfectly; as, to imitate a model to
perfection.
Per*fec"tion, v. t. To perfect.
[Obs.]
Foote.
Per*fec"tion*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to perfection; characterized by perfection.
[R.]
Bp. Pearson.
Per*fec"tion*ate (?), v. t. To
perfect.
Dryden.
Per*fec"tion*ism (?), n. The
doctrine of the Perfectionists.
Per*fec"tion*ist, n. One pretending to
perfection; esp., one pretending to moral perfection; one who
believes that persons may and do attain to moral perfection and
sinlessness in this life.
South.
Per*fec"tion*ment (?), n. [Cf.
F. perfectionnement.] The act of bringing
to perfection, or the state of having attained to
perfection. [R.]
I. Taylor.
Per*fect"ive (?), a. Tending or
conducing to make perfect, or to bring to perfection; -- usually
followed by of. \'bdA perfective
alteration.\'b8
Fuller.
Actions perfective of their natures.
Ray.
Per*fec"tive*ly, adv. In a perfective
manner.
Per"fect*ly (?), adv. In a
perfect manner or degree; in or to perfection; completely;
wholly; throughly; faultlessly. \'bdPerfectly
divine.\'b8
Milton.
As many as touched were made perfectly whole.
Matt. xiv. 36.
Per"fect*ness, n. The quality or state
of being perfect; perfection. \'bdCharity, which is the
bond of perfectness.\'b8
Col. iii. 14.
Per*fer"vid (?), a. [Pref.
per- + fervid.] Very fervid; too
fervid; glowing; ardent.
Per*fi"cient (?), a. [L.
perficiens, p.pr. of perficere to perform.
See Perfect.] Making or doing throughly;
efficient; effectual. [R.]
Blackstone.
Per*fi"cient, n. One who performs or
perfects a work; especially, one who endows a charity.
[R.]
Per*fid"i*ous (?), a. [L.
perfidious.] 1. Guilty of perfidy;
violating good faith or vows; false to trust or confidence
reposed; teacherous; faithless; as, a perfidious
friend.
Shak.
2. Involving, or characterized by, perfidy.
\'bdInvolved in this perfidious fraud.\'b8
Milton.
Per*fid"i*ous*ly, adv. In a perfidious
manner.
Per*fid"i*ous*ness, n. The quality of
being perfidious; perfidy.
Clarendon.
Per"fi*dy (?), n.; pl.
Perfidies (#). [L.
perfidia, fr. L. perfidus faithless;
per (cf. Skr. par\'be away) +
fides faith: cf. F. perfidie. See
Faith.] The act of violating faith or
allegiance; violation of a promise or vow, or of trust reposed;
faithlessness; teachery.
The ambition and perfidy of tyrants.
Macaulay.
His perfidy to this sacred engagement.
DeQuincey.
Per"fit (?), a. Perfect.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Per*fix" (?), v. t. [Pref.
per- + fix.] To fix surely; to
appoint. [Obs.]
Per"fla*ble (?), a. [L.
perflabilis. See Perflate.]
Capable of being blown through. [Obs.]
Per*flate" (?), v. t. [L.
perflatus, p.p. of perflare to blow
through.] To blow through. [Obs.]
Harvey.
Per*fla"tion (?), n. [L.
perflatio.] The act of perflating.
[Obs.]
Woodward.
Per*fo"li*ate (?), a. [Pref.
per- + L. folium leaf.] 1.
(Bot.) Having the basal part produced around the
stem; -- said of leaves which the stem apparently passes
directory through.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Surrounded by a circle of
hairs, or projections of any kind.
Per`fo*ra"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.
See Perforate.] (Zo\'94l.) (a)
A division of corals including those that have a porous
texture, as Porites and Madrepora; -- opposed to
Aporosa. (b) A division of
Foraminifera, including those having perforated shells.
Per"fo*rate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perforated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perforating.] [L.
perforatus, p.p. of perforare to perforate;
per through + forare to bore. See
Bore, v.] To bore through; to
pierce through with a pointed instrument; to make a hole or holes
through by boring or piercing; to pierce or penetrate the surface
of.
Bacon.
{ Per"fo*rate (?), Per"fo*ra`ted
(?), } a. Pierced with a hole or
holes, or with pores; having transparent dots resembling
holes.
Per`fo*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
perforation.] 1. The act of
perforating, or of boring or piercing through.
Bacon.
2. A hole made by boring or piercing; an
aperture. \'bdSlender perforations.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Per"fo*ra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
perforatif.] Having power to perforate or
pierce.
Per"fo*ra`tor (?), n. [Cf. F.
perforateur.] One who, or that which,
perforates; esp., a cephalotome.
Per*force" (?), adv. [F.
par (L. per) + force.]
By force; of necessary; at any rate.
Shak.
Per*force", v. t. To force; to
compel. [Obs.]
Per*form" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Performed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Performing.] [OE. performen,
parfourmen, parfournen, OF.
parfornir, parfournir, to finish, complete;
OF. & F. par (see Par) + fournir
to finish, complete. The word has been influenced by
form; cf. L. performare to form thoroughly.
See Furnish.] 1. To carry through;
to bring to completion; to achieve; to accomplish; to execute; to
do.
I will cry unto God most high, unto God that
performeth all things for me.
Ps. lvii. 2.
Great force to perform what they did attempt.
Sir P. Sidney.
2. To discharge; to fulfill; to act up to; as,
to perform a duty; to perform a promise or a
vow.
To perform your father's will.
Shak.
3. To represent; to act; to play; as in
drama.
Perform a part thou hast not done before.
Shak.
Syn. -- To accomplish; do; act; transact; achieve; execute;
discharge; fulfill; effect; complete; consummate. See
Accomplish.
Per*form", v. i. To do, execute, or
accomplish something; to acquit one's self in any business; esp.,
to represent sometimes by action; to act a part; to play on a
musical instrument; as, the players perform poorly;
the musician performs on the organ.
Per*form"a*ble (?), a.
Admitting of being performed, done, or executed;
practicable.
Per*form"ance (?), n. The act
of performing; the carrying into execution or action; execution;
achievement; accomplishment; representation by action; as,
the performance of an undertaking of a duty.
Promises are not binding where the performance is
impossible.
Paley.
2. That which is performed or accomplished; a thing
done or carried through; an achievement; a deed; an act; a feat;
esp., an action of an elaborate or public character.
\'bdHer walking and other actual performances.\'b8
Shak. \'bdHis musical performances.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Completion; consummation; execution; accomplishment;
achievement; production; work; act; action; deed; exploit;
feat.
Per*form"er (?), n. One who
performs, accomplishes, or fulfills; as, a good promiser, but
a bad performer; especially, one who shows skill
and training in any art; as, a performer of the
drama; a performer on the harp.
Per"fri*cate (?), v. t. [L.
perfricatus, p.p. of perfricare.]
To rub over.
Bailey.
Per*fu"ma*to*ry (?), a.
Emitting perfume; perfuming. [R.]
Sir E. Leigh.
Per*fume" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perfumed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perfuming.] [F. parfumer
(cf. Sp. perfumar); par (see Par)
+ fumer to smoke, L. fumare, fr.
fumus smoke. See Fume.] To fill or
impregnate with a perfume; to scent.
And Carmel's flowery top perfumes the skies.
Pope.
Per"fume (?), n. [F.
parfum; cf. Sp. perfume. See
Perfume, v.] 1. The
scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a
sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor; fragrance;
aroma.
No rich perfumes refresh the fruitful
field.
Pope.
2. A substance that emits an agreeable odor.
And thou shalt make it a perfume.
Ex. xxx. 35.
Per*fum"er (?), n. 1.
One who, oe that which, perfumes.
2. One whose trade is to make or sell
perfumes.
Per*fum"er*y (?), n. 1.
Perfumes, in general.
2. [Cf. F. parfumerie.] The
art of preparing perfumes.
Per*func"to*ri*ly (?), adv. In
a perfunctory manner; formally; carelessly.
Boyle.
Per*func"to*ri*ness, n. The quality or
state of being perfunctory.
Per*func"to*ry (?), a. [L.
perfunctorius, fr. perfunctus dispatched,
p.p. of perfungi to discharge, dispatch;
per (see Per) + fungi to perform.
See Function.] 1. Done merely to get
rid of a duty; performed mechanically and as a thing of rote;
done in a careless and superficial manner; characterized by
indifference; as, perfunctory
admonitions.
Macaulay.
2. Hence: Mechanical; indifferent; listless;
careless. \'bdPerfunctory in his devotions.\'b8
Sharp.
Per*func"tu*rate (?), v. t. To
perform in a perfunctory manner; to do negligently.
[R.]
Per*fuse" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perfused
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perfusing.] [L. perfusus,
p.p. of perfundere to pour over; per +
fundere to pour.] To suffuse; to fill full or to
excess.
Harvey.
Per*fu"sion (?), n. [L.
perfusio.] The act of perfusing.
Per*fu"sive (?), a. Of a nature
to flow over, or to spread through.
{ Per`ga*me"no*us (?),
Per`ga*men*ta"ceous (?), } a.
[L. pergamena parchment. See
Parchment.] Like parchment.
Per*haps" (?), adv.
[Per + hap chance.] By
chance; peradventure; perchance; it may be.
And pray God, if perhaps the thought of thine heart
may be forgiven thee.
Acts viii. 22.
Per"i- (?). [Gr. A
prefix used to signify around, by,
near, over, beyond, or to give
an intensive sense; as, perimeter, the
measure around; perigee, point near the earth;
periergy, work beyond what is needed;
perispherical, quite spherical.
Pe"ri (?), n.; pl.
Peris (#). [Per.
per\'c6 a female genus, a fairy.] (Persian
Myth.) An imaginary being, male or female, like an elf
or fairy, represented as a descendant of fallen angels, excluded
from paradise till penance is accomplished.
Moore.
<-- p. 1066 -->
Per`i*a"gua (?), n. See
Pirogue.
Per"i*anth (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + Gr. p\'82rianthe.] (Bot.) (a)
The leaves of a flower generally, especially when the calyx
and corolla are not readily distinguished. (b)
A saclike involucre which incloses the young fruit in most
hepatic mosses. See Illust. of
Hepatica.
\'d8Per`i*an"thi*um (?), n.
[NL.] (Bot.) The perianth.
Per"i*apt (?), n. [Gr. p\'82riapte.] A charm worn as a protection
against disease or mischief; an amulet.
Coleridge.
Now help, ye charming spells and periapts.
Shak.
Per`i*as"tral (?), a. Among or
around the stars. \'bdComets in periastral
passage.\'b8
R. A. Proctor.
Per`i*as"tron (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Astron.) That
point, in the real or apparent orbit of one star revolving around
another, at which the former is nearest to the latter.
Per"i*au"ger (?), n. See
Pirogue.
W. Irving.
Per"i*blast (?), a. [Gr. Peri-, and -blast.]
(Biol.) The protoplasmic matter which surrounds
the entoblast, or cell nucleus, and undergoes segmentation.
-- Per`i*blas"tic, a.
Per"i*blem (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + root of Gr.
(Bot.) Nascent cortex, or immature cellular
bark.
\'d8Pe*rib"o*los (?), n. [Nl.,
fr. Gr. peribolus.] In ancient architecture,
an inclosed court, esp., one surrounding a temple.
Per`i*bran"chi*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Surrounding the branchi\'91; as, a
peribranchial cavity.
Per`i*bran"chi*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Around the bronchi or bronchial tubes;
as, the peribronchial lymphatics.
\'d8Per`i*cam"bi*um (?), n.
[NL. See Peri-, and Cambium.]
(Biol.) A layer of thin-walled young cells in a
growing stem, in which layer certain new vessels originate.
{ Per`i*car"di*ac (?),
Per`i*car"di*al (?), } a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to pericardium; situated
around the heart.
Pericardial fluid (Physiol.), a
serous fluid of a pale yellow color contained in the
pericardium.
Per`i*car"di*an (?), a.
Pericardiac.
Per`i*car"dic (?), a.
Pericardiac.
\'d8Per`i*car*di"tus (?), n.
[NL. See Pericardium, and -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the pericardium.
Dunglison.
Per`i*car"di*um (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Anat.) The double baglike fold of
serous membrane which incloses the heart.
cardiac
pericardium. The outer layer loosely incloses the heart and
the adherent inner layer, and is called the parietal
pericardium. At the base of the heart the two layers are
continuous, and form a narrow closed cavity filled with fluid, in
which the pulsations of the heart cause little friction.
Per"i*carp (?), n. [Gr. p\'82ricarpe.]
(Bot.) The ripened ovary; the walls of the fruit.
See Illusts. of Capsule, Drupe, and
Legume.
{ Per`i*car"pi*al (?),
Per`i*car"pic (?) }, a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to a pericarp.
Per`i*cel"lu*lar (?), a.
(Anat.) Surrounding a cell; as, the
pericellular lymph spaces surrounding ganglion
cells.
Per"i*ch\'91th (?), n. [See
Perich\'91tium.] (Bot.) The leafy
involucre surrounding the fruit stalk of mosses; perich\'91tium;
perichete.
Per`i*ch\'91"ti*al (?), a.
(Bot.) Of or pertaining to the
perich\'91th.
\'d8Per`i*ch\'91"ti*um (?), n.;
pl. Perich\'91tia (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr.
(Bot.) Same as Perich\'91th.
Per`i*ch\'91"tous (?), a. [See
Perich\'91tium.] (Zo\'94l.)
Surrounded by set\'91; -- said of certain earthworms (genus
Perich\'91tus).
Per"i*chete (?), n. Same as
Perich\'91th.
Per`i*chon"dri*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the perichondrium;
situated around cartilage.
\'d8Per`i*chon*dri"tis (?), n.
[NL. See Perichondrium, and -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the perichondrium.
\'d8Per`i*chon"dri*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Anat.) The membrane of fibrous connective tissue
which closely invests cartilage, except where covering articular
surfaces.
Per`i*chor"dal (?), a. Around
the notochord; as, a perichordal column. See
Epichordal.
{ Per"i*clase (?), Per`i*cla"site
(?), } n. [Pref. peri-
+ Gr. (Min.) A grayish or
dark green mineral, consisting essentially of magnesia (magnesium
oxide), occurring in granular forms or in isometric
crystals.
\'d8Per`i*clin"i*um (?), n.;
pl. Periclinia (#). [NL., fr.
Gr. (Bot.) The
involucre which surrounds the common receptacle in composite
flowers.
Pe*ric"li*tate (?), v. t. [L.
periclitatus, p.p. of periclitari, fr.
periculum.] To endanger.
[Obs.]
Periclitating, pardi! the whole family.
Sterne.
Pe*ric`li*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
periclitatio: cf. F.
p\'82riclitation.] 1. Trial;
experiment. [Obs.]
2. The state of being in peril.
[Obs.]
\'d8Pe*ric"o*pe (?), n. [L.,
section of a book, Gr.
A selection or extract from a book; especially
(Theol.), a selection from the Bible, appointed to be
read in the churches or used as a text for a sermon.
Per`i*cra"ni*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the
pericranium.
Per`i*cra"ni*um (?), n.
[NL.] (Anat.) The periosteum which
covers the cranium externally; the region around the
cranium.
Pe*ric"u*lous (?), a. [L.
periculosus. See Perilous.]
Dangerous; full of peril. [Obs.]
\'d8Pe*ric"u*lum (?), n.; pl.
Pericula (#). [L.]
(Rom. & O.Eng. Law) 1. Danger;
risk.
2. In a narrower, judicial sense: Accident or
casus, as distinguished from dolus and
culpa, and hence relieving one from the duty of
performing an obligation.
Per"i*derm (?), n. 1.
(Bot.) The outer layer of bark.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The hard outer covering of
hydroids and other marine animals; the perisarc.
\'d8Per`i*di*as"to*le (?), n.
(Physiol.) The almost inappreciable time which
elapses between the systole and the diastole of the heart.
\'d8Pe*rid"i*um (?), n.; pl.
Peridia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) The
envelope or coat of certain fungi, such as the puffballs and
earthstars.
Per"i*dot (?), n. [F.
p\'82ridot.] (Min.)
Chrysolite.
Per"i*do*tite (?), n. [Cf. F.
p\'82ridotite.] (Min.) An
eruptive rock characterized by the presence of chrysolite
(peridot). It also usually contains pyroxene, enstatite,
chromite, etc. It is often altered to serpentine.
Per"i*drome (?), n. [Gr. p\'82ridrome.]
(Arch\'91ol.) The space between the columns and
the wall of the cella, in a Greek or a Roman temple.
Per`i*e"cians (?), n. pl. See
Peri\'d2cians.
\'d8Per`i*en"te*ron (?), n.
[NL. See Peri-, and Enteron.]
(Anat.) The primitive perivisceral cavity.
Per"i*er`gy (?), n. [Gr.
1. Excessive care or diligence.
[Obs.]
2. (Rhet.) A bombastic or labored
style. [R.]
Per`i*gan`gli*on"ic (?), a.
(Anat.) Surrounding a ganglion; as, the
periganglionic glands of the frog.
Per`i*gas"tric (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Surrounding the stomach; -- applied to
the body cavity of Bryozoa and various other Invertebrata.
Per`i*ge"an (?), a. Pertaining
to the perigee.
Perigean tides, those spring tides which occur
soon after the moon passes her perigee.
{ Per"i*gee (?), Per`i*ge"um
(?), } n. [NL.
perigeum, fr. Gr. p\'82rig\'82e.] (Astron.)
That point in the orbit of the moon which is nearest to the
earth; -- opposed to apogee. It is sometimes, but
rarely, used of the nearest points of other orbits, as of a
comet, a planet, etc. Called also epigee,
epigeum.
Per`i*gen"e*sis (?), n.
(Biol.) A theory which explains inheritance by
the transmission of the type of growth force possessed by one
generation to another.
Per`i*gen"e*tic (?), a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to perigenesis.
Per"i*gone (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + Gr. 1.
(Bot.) (a) Any organ inclosing the
essential organs of a flower; a perianth. (b)
In mosses, the involucral bracts of a male flower.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A sac which surrounds the
generative bodies in the gonophore of a hydroid.
\'d8Per`i*go"ni*um (?), n.; pl.
Perigonia (#). [NL.]
Same as Perigone.
Per"i*gord pie` (?). [From
P\'82rigord, a former province of France.]
A pie made of truffles, much esteemed by epicures.
Per"i*graph (?), n. [Gr. A careless
or inaccurate delineation of anything.
[R.]
\'d8Per`i*gyn"i*um (?), n.; pl.
Perigynia (#). [NL. See
Perigynous.] (Bot.) Some unusual
appendage about the pistil, as the bottle-shaped body in the
sedges, and the bristles or scales in some other genera of the
Sedge family, or Cyperace\'91.
Pe*rig"y*nous (?), a. [Pref.
peri- + Gr. (Bot.)
Having the ovary free, but the petals and stamens borne on
the calyx; -- said of flower such as that of the cherry or
peach.
{ Per`i*hel"ion (?),
Per`i*he"li*um (?), } n.;
pl. Perihelia (#). [NL., fr.
Gr. (Astron.)
That point of the orbit of a planet or comet which is
nearest to the sun; -- opposed to aphelion.
Per"il (?), n. [F.
p\'82ril, fr. L. periculum,
periclum, akin to peritus experienced,
skilled, and E. fare. See Fare, and cf.
Experience.] Danger; risk; hazard; jeopardy;
exposure of person or property to injury, loss, or
destruction.
In perils of waters, in perils of
robbers.
2 Cor. xi. 26.
Adventure hard
With peril great achieved.
Milton.
At, On, one's
peril, with risk or danger to one; at the hazard
of. \'bdOn thy soul's peril.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- Hazard; risk; jeopardy. See Danger.
Per"il, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Periled (?) or Perilled;
p. pr. & vb. n. Periling or
Perilling.] To expose to danger; to
hazard; to risk; as, to peril one's life.
Per"il (?), v. i. To be in
danger. [Obs.]
Milton.
\'d8Pe*ril"la (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Bot.) A genus of labiate
herbs, of which one species (Perilla ocimoides, or
P. Nankinensis) is often cultivated for its purple or
variegated foliage.
Per"il*ous (?), a. [OF.
perillous, perilleus, F.
p\'82rilleux, L. periculosus. See
Peril.] [Written also
perillous.] 1. Full of, attended
with, or involving, peril; dangerous; hazardous; as, a
perilous undertaking.
Infamous hills, and sandy, perilous wilds.
Milton.
2. Daring; reckless; dangerous.
[Obs.]
Latimer.
For I am perilous with knife in hand.
Chaucer.
-- Per"il*ous*ly, adv. --
Per"il*ous*ness, n.
Per"i*lymph (?), n.
(Anat.) The fluid which surrounds the membranous
labyrinth of the internal ear, and separates it from the walls of
the chambers in which the labyrinth lies.
Per`i*lym*phan"gi*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Around, or at the side of, a lymphatic
vessel.
Per`i*lym*phat"ic (?), a.
(Anat.) (a) Pertaining to, or
containing, perilymph. (b)
Perilymphangial.
Per*im"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. p\'82rim\'8atre.] 1. (Geom.)
The outer boundary of a body or figure, or the sum of all
the sides.
2. An instrument for determining the extent and
shape of the field of vision.
{ Per`i*met"ric (?),
Per`i*met"ric*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to the perimeter, or to perimetry; as,
a perimetric chart of the eye.
Per*im"e*try (?), n. The art of
using the perimeter; measurement of the field of vision.
Per"i*morph (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + Gr. (Min.) A
crystal of one species inclosing one of another species. See
Endomorph.
Per`i*my"sial (?), a.
(Anat.) (a) Surrounding a muscle or
muscles. (b) Of or pertaining to the
perimysium.
\'d8Per`i*my"si*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Anat.) The connective tissue sheath which
surrounds a muscle, and sends partitions inwards between the
bundles of muscular fibers.
\'d8Per`i*n\'91"um (?), n. See
Perineum.
Per`i*ne"al (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the perineum.
Per`i*ne"o*plas`ty (?), n.
[Perineum + -plasty.]
(Med.) The act or process of restoring an injured
perineum.
Per`i*ne*or"rha*phy (?), n.
[Perineum + Gr.
(Med.) The operation of sewing up a ruptured
perineum.
\'d8Per`i*ne*phri"tis (?), n.
[NL. See Peri-, and Nephritis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the cellular tissue around
the kidney. -- Per`i*ne*phrit"ic,
a.
\'d8Per`i*ne"um (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Anat.) The region which
is included within the outlet of the pelvis, and is traversed by
the urinogenital canal and the rectum.
Per`i*neu"ri*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Surrounding nerves or nerve fibers; of or
pertaining to the perineurium.
\'d8Per`i*neu"ri*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Anat.) The connective tissue sheath which
surrounds a bundle of nerve fibers. See Epineurium, and
Neurilemma.
Per`i*nu"cle*ar (?), a.
(Biol.) Of or pertaining to a nucleus; situated
around a nucleus; as, the perinuclear
protoplasm.
Pe"ri*od (?), n. [L.
periodus, Gr. p\'82riode.] 1. A portion
of time as limited and determined by some recurring phenomenon,
as by the completion of a revolution of one of the heavenly
bodies; a division of time, as a series of years, months, or
days, in which something is completed, and ready to recommence
and go on in the same order; as, the period of the
sun, or the earth, or a comet.
2. Hence: A stated and recurring interval of time;
more generally, an interval of time specified or left indefinite;
a certain series of years, months, days, or the like; a time; a
cycle; an age; an epoch; as, the period of the Roman
republic.
How by art to make plants more lasting than their ordinary
period.
Bacon.
3. (Geol.) One of the great divisions of
geological time; as, the Tertiary period; the
Glacial period. See the Chart of
Geology.
4. The termination or completion of a revolution,
cycle, series of events, single event, or act; hence, a limit; a
bound; an end; a conclusion.
Bacon.
So spake the archangel Michael; then paused,
As at the world's great period.
Milton.
Evils which shall never end till eternity hath a
period.
Jer. Taylor.
This is the period of my ambition.
Shak.
5. (Rhet.) A complete sentence, from one
full stop to another; esp., a well-proportioned, harmonious
sentence. \'bdDevolved his rounded periods.\'b8
Tennyson.
Periods are beautiful when they are not too
long.
B. Johnson.
period, according to Heyse, is a
compound sentence consisting of a protasis and apodosis;
according to Becker, it is the appropriate form for the
co\'94rdinate propositions related by antithesis or
causality.
Gibbs.
6. (Print.) The punctuation point [.]
that marks the end of a complete sentence, or of an abbreviated
word.
7. (Math.) One of several similar sets
of figures or terms usually marked by points or commas placed at
regular intervals, as in numeration, in the extraction of roots,
and in circulating decimals.
<-- p. 1067 -->
8. (Med.) The time of the exacerbation
and remission of a disease, or of the paroxysm and
intermission.
9. (Mus.) A complete musical
sentence.
The period, the present or current time, as
distinguished from all other times.
Syn. -- Time; date; epoch; era; age; duration; limit; bound;
end; conclusion; determination.
Pe"ri*od (?), v. t. To put an
end to. [Obs.]
Shak.
Pe"ri*od, v. i. To come to a period; to
conclude. [Obs.] \'bdYou may period upon
this, that,\'b8 etc.
Felthman.
Per*i"o*date (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of periodic acid.
Per`i*od"ic (?), a. [Pref.
per- + iodic.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, the highest
oxygen acid (HIO
{ Pe`ri*od"ic (?), Pe`ri*od"ic*al
(?), } a. [L.
periodicus, Gr. p\'82riodique.] 1. Of or
pertaining to a period or periods, or to division by
periods.
The periodicaltimes of all the satellites.
Sir J. Herschel.
2. Performed in a period, or regular revolution;
proceeding in a series of successive circuits; as, the
periodical motion of the planets round the
sun.
3. Happening, by revolution, at a stated time;
returning regularly, after a certain period of time; acting,
happening, or appearing, at fixed intervals; recurring; as,
periodical epidemics.
The periodic return of a plant's flowering.
Henslow.
To influence opinion through the periodical
press.
Courthope.
4. (Rhet.) Of or pertaining to a period;
constituting a complete sentence.
Periodic comet (Astron.), a comet
that moves about the sun in an elliptic orbit; a comet that has
been seen at two of its approaches to the sun. --
Periodic function (Math.), a function
whose values recur at fixed intervals as the variable uniformly
increases. The trigonomertic functions, as sin x, tan
x, etc., are periodic functions. Exponential functions
are also periodic, having an imaginary period, and the elliptic
functions have not only a real but an imaginary period, and are
hence called doubly periodic. -- Periodic
law (Chem.), the generalization that the
properties of the chemical elements are periodic functions of
their atomic wieghts. \'bdIn other words, if the elements are
grouped in the order of their atomic weights, it will be found
that nearly the same properties recur periodically throughout the
entire series.\'b8 The following tabular arrangement of the
atomic weights shows the regular recurrence of groups (under I.,
II., III., IV., etc.), each consisting of members of the same
natural family. The gaps in the table indicate the probable
existence of unknown elements.
<-- only the first column of the table is entered here, remainder
needs to be entered -->
TABLE OF THE PERIODIC LAW OF THE CHEMICAL
ELEMENTS
(The vertical columns contain the periodic
groups)
Series1{ 2{ 3{ 4{ 5{ 6{ 7{
8{ 9{ 10{ 11{ 12{
--------------------------------------------------------------
|I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII.
| RH4 RH3 RH3 RH
|R2O RO R3O3 RO2 R2O5 RO3 R2O7 RO4
--------------------------------------------------------------
H
1
Li
7
Na
23
K
39
(Cu)
63
Rb
85.2
(Ag)
(108)
Cs
133
(-)
|
(-)
|
(Au)
(197)
(-)
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Mendelejeff's law. Important extensions of it were
also made by L. Meyer. By this means Mendelejeff predicted with
remarkable accuracy the hypothetical elements ekaboron,
ekaluminium, and ekasilicon, afterwards discovered and named
respectively scandium, gallium, and germanium.
-- Periodic star (Astron.), a variable
star whose changes of brightness recur at fixed periods. --
Periodic time of a heavenly body (Astron.),
the time of a complete revolution of the body about the sun,
or of a satellite about its primary.
Pe`ri*od"ic*al, n. A magazine or other
publication which appears at stated or regular intervals.
Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ist, n. One who
publishes, or writes for, a periodical.
Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ly, adv. In a periodical
manner.
Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ness, n.
Periodicity.
Pe`ri*o*dic"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Periodicities (#). [Cf. F.
p\'82riodicit\'82.] The quality or state of
being periodical, or regularly recurrent; as, the
periodicity in the vital phenomena of plants.
Henfrey.
Per*i"o*dide (?), n. [Pref.
per- + iodide.] An iodide
containing a higher proportion of iodine than any other iodide of
the same substance or series.
Per`i*o*don"tal (?), a. [Pref.
peri- + Gr. (Anat.)
Surrounding the teeth.
Pe`ri*od"o*scope (?), n.
[Period + -scope.]
(Med.) A table or other means for calculating the
periodical functions of women.
Dunglison.
{ \'d8Per`i*\'d2"ci, Per`i*\'d2"cians,
} n. pl. [NL. perioeci, fr. Gr.
Those who live
on the same parallel of latitude but on opposite meridians, so
that it is noon in one place when it is midnight in the other.
Compare Ant\'d2ci.
Per"i*o*ple (?), n. [F.
p\'82riople, from Gr. (Anat.) The external smooth horny
layer of the hoof of the horse and allied animals.
Per`i*op"lic (?), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the periople;
connected with the periople.
Per`i*os"te*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Situated around bone; of or pertaining to
the periosteum.
\'d8Per`i*os"te*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. periosteon.] (Anat.) The
membrane of fibrous connective tissue which closely invests all
bones except at the articular surfaces.
\'d8Per`i*os*ti"tis (?), n.
[NL. See Periosteum, and -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the periosteum.
\'d8Per`i*os"tra*cum (?), n.;
pl. Periostraca (#). [NL.,
fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A chitinous membrane covering the
exterior of many shells; -- called also
epidermis.
Per`i*o"tic (?), a. [Pref.
peri- + Gr.
(Anat.) Surrounding, or pertaining to the region
surrounding, the internal ear; as, the periotic
capsule. -- n. A periotic
bone.
Per`i*pa*te"cian (?), n. A
peripatetic. [Obs.]
Per`i*pa*tet"ic (?), a. [L.
peripateticus, Gr. p\'82ripat\'82tique.] 1. Walking
about; itinerant.
2. Of or pertaining to the philosophy taught by
Aristotle (who gave his instructions while walking in the Lyceum
at Athens), or to his followers. \'bdThe true
peripatetic school.\'b8
Howell.
Per`i*pa*tet"ic, n. 1. One who
walks about; a pedestrian; an itinerant.
Tatler.
2. A disciple of Aristotle; an Aristotelian.
Per`i*pa*tet"ic*al (?), a.
Peripatetic. [R.]
Hales.
Per`i*pa*tet"i*cism (?), n.
[Cf. F. p\'82ripat\'82tisme.] The
doctrines or philosophical system of the peripatetics. See
Peripatetic, n., 2.
Lond. Sat. Rev.
\'d8Pe*rip"a*tus (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of lowly organized arthropods, found in South Africa,
Australia, and tropical America. It constitutes the order
Malacopoda.
Per`i*pet"al*ous (?), a.
(Bot.) Surrounding, or situated about, the
petals.
Pe*riph"er*al (?), a. 1.
Of or pertaining to a periphery; constituting a periphery;
peripheric.
2. (Anat.) External; away from the
center; as, the peripheral portion of the nervous
system.
{ Per`i*pher"ic (?),
Per`i*pher"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. p\'82riph\'82rique. See
Periphery.] See Peripheral.
Pe*riph"er*y (?), n.; pl.
Peripheries (#). [L.
peripheria, Gr. p\'82riph\'82rie.] 1. The
outside or superficial portions of a body; the surface.
2. (Geom.) The circumference of a
circle, ellipse, or other figure.
Per"i*phrase (?), n. [L.
periphrasis, Gr. p\'82riphrase. See Phrase.]
(Rhet.) The use of more words than are necessary
to express the idea; a roundabout, or indirect, way of speaking;
circumlocution. \'bdTo describe by enigmatic
periphrases.\'b8
De Quincey.
Per"i*phrase, v. t. [imp. &
p. p. Periphrased (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Periphrasing.] [Cf. F.
p\'82riphraser.] To express by periphrase
or circumlocution.
Per"i*phrase, v. i. To use
circumlocution.
\'d8Pe*riph"ra*sis (?), n.; pl.
Periphrases (#). [L.]
See Periphrase.
{ Per`i*phras"tic (?),
Per`i*phras"tic*al (?), } a.
[Gr. p\'82riphrastique.]
Expressing, or expressed, in more words than are necessary;
characterized by periphrase; circumlocutory.
Periphrastic conjugation (Gram.), a
conjugation formed by the use of the simple verb with one or more
auxiliaries.
Per`i*phras"tic*al*ly, adv. With
circumlocution.
Per"i*plast (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + Gr.
(Biol.) Same as Periblast. --
Per`i*plas"tic (#),
a.
Huxley.
{ \'d8Per`ip*neu*mo"ni*a (?),
Per`ip*neu"mo*ny (?), } n.
[L. peripneumonia, Gr. p\'82ripneumonie. See Peri-,
Pneumonia.] (Med.)
Pneumonia. (Obsoles.)
<-- sic. why is this mark in parentheses rather than brackets?
-->
Per`ip*neu*mon"ic (?), a. [L.
peripneumonicus, Gr. p\'82ripneumonique.] (Med.) Of
or pertaining to peripneumonia.
Per"i*proct (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
The region surrounding the anus, particularly of
echinoderms.
\'d8Per`i*proc*ti"tis (?), n.
[NL. See Peri-, and Proctitus.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the tissues about the
rectum.
Pe*rip"ter*al (?), a. [Gr., fr.
(Arch.) Having columns on all sides; -- said of
an edifice. See Apteral.
Pe*rip"ter*ous (?), a. 1.
(Arch.) Peripteral.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Feathered all
around.
Per"i*sarc (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) The outer, hardened integument which
covers most hydroids.
Pe*ris"cian (?), a. [Gr. p\'82riscien.]
Having the shadow moving all around.
{ Pe*ris"cians (?),
\'d8Pe*ris"ci*i (?), } n. pl.
[NL. See Periscian.] Those who live
within a polar circle, whose shadows, during some summer days,
will move entirely round, falling toward every point of the
compass.
Per"i*scope (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + -scope.] A general or
comprehensive view. [R.]
Per`i*scop"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82riscopique.] Viewing all around, or on
all sides.
Periscopic spectacles (Opt.),
spectacles having concavo-convex or convexo-concave lenses
with a considerable curvature corresponding to that of the eye,
to increase the distinctness of objects viewed
obliquely.
Per"ish (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Perished
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perishing.] [OE. perissen,
perisshen, F. p\'82rir, p.pr.
p\'82rissant, L. perire to go or run
through, come to nothing, perish; per through +
ire to go. Cf. Issue, and see
-ish.] To be destroyed; to pass away; to
become nothing; to be lost; to die; hence, to wither; to waste
away.
I perish with hunger!
Luke xv. 17.
Grow up and perish, as the summer fly.
Milton.
The thoughts of a soul that perish in thinking.
Locke.
Per"ish, v. t. To cause perish.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Per`ish*a*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Perishableness.
Per"ish*a*ble (?), a. [F.
p\'82rissable.] Liable to perish; subject
to decay, destruction, or death; as, perishable
goods; our perishable bodies.
Per"ish*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or
state of being perishable; liability to decay or
destruction.
Locke.
Per"ish*a*bly, adv. In a perishable
degree or manner.
Per"ish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF.
perissement.] The act of perishing.
[R.]
Udall.
\'d8Per`i*so"ma (?), n.; pl.
Perisomata (#). [NL.]
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Perisome.
Per"i*some (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + -some body.]
(Zo\'94l.) The entire covering of an invertebrate
animal, as echinoderm or c\'d2lenterate; the integument.
Per"i*sperm (?), n. [F.
p\'82risperme. See Peri-, and
Sperm.] (Bot.) The albumen of a
seed, especially that portion which is formed outside of the
embryo sac. -- Per`i*sper"mic
(#), a.
{ Per`i*spher"ic (?),
Per`i*spher"ic*al (?), } a.
Exactly spherical; globular.
\'d8Per`i*spom"e*non (?), n.;
pl. Perispomena (#). [NL.,
from Gr. (Gr. Gram.) A
word which has the circumflex accent on the last syllable.
Goodwin.
Per"i*spore (?), n.
(Bot.) The outer covering of a spore.
Per"is*sad (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Odd; not even;
-- said of elementary substances and of radicals whose valence is
not divisible by two without a remainder. Contrasted with
artiad.<-- ? not in modern usage -->
Per"isse (?), v. i. To
perish. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Per`is*so*dac"tyl (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Perissodactyla.
\'d8Per`is*so*dac"ty*la (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A division of ungulate mammals,
including those that have an odd number of toes, as the horse,
tapir, and rhinoceros; -- opposed to
Artiodactyla.
Per`is*so*log"ic*al (?), a.
[Cf. F. p\'82rissologique.] Redundant
or excessive in words. [R.]
Per`is*sol"o*gy (?), n. [L.
perissologia, Gr. Superfluity of words.
[R.]
G. Campbell.
\'d8Per`i*stal"sis (?), n. [NL.
See Peristaltic.] (Physiol.)
Peristaltic contraction or action.
Per`i*stal"tic (?), a. [Gr. p\'82ristaltique.] (Physiol.)
Applied to the peculiar wormlike wave motion of the
intestines and other similar structures, produced by the
successive contraction of the muscular fibers of their walls,
forcing their contents onwards; as, peristaltic
movement. -- Per`i*stal"tic*al*ly
(#), adv.
\'d8Per`is*te"ri*a (?), n. [NL.
See Peristerion.] (Bot.) A genus
of orchidaceous plants. See Dove plant.
\'d8Per`is*te"ri*on (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. peristereon.]
(Bot.) The herb vervain (Verbena
officinalis).
Pe*ris"ter*ite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A variety of albite,
whitish and slightly iridescent like a pigeon's neck.
Pe*ris`ter*o*mor"phous (?), a.
[Gr. -morphous.]
(Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to the pigeons or
Columb\'91.
Pe*ris`ter*op"o*dous (?), a.
[Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Having pigeonlike feet; -- said of
those gallinaceous birds that rest on all four toes, as the
curassows and megapods.
Pe*ris"to*le (?), n. [NL.: cf.
F. p\'82ristole. See Peristaltic.]
(Physiol.) Peristaltic action, especially of the
intestines.
\'d8Pe*ris"to*ma (?), n.; pl.
Peristomata (#). [NL.]
Same as Peristome.
<-- p. 1068 -->
Per"i*stome (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + Gr. 1.
(Bot.) The fringe of teeth around the orifice of
the capsule of mosses. It consists of 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 teeth,
and may be either single or double.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The lip, or
edge of the aperture, of a spiral shell. (b)
The membrane surrounding the mouth of an invertebrate
animal.
Per`i*sto"mi*al (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to a peristome.
\'d8Per`i*sto"mi*um (?), n.
[NL.] Same as Peristome.
Per`i*streph"ic (?), a. [Gr.
Turning around; rotatory;
revolving; as, a peristrephic painting (of a
panorama).
Per"i*style (?), n. [L.
peristylum, Gr. p\'82ristyle.] (Arch.) A
range of columns with their entablature, etc.; specifically, a
complete system of columns, whether on all sides of a court, or
surrounding a building, such as the cella of a temple. Used in
the former sense, it gives name to the larger and inner court of
a Roman dwelling, the peristyle. See
Colonnade.
Per`i*sys"to*le (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + systole: cf. F.
p\'82risystole.] (Physiol.) The
interval between the diastole and systole of the heart. It is
perceptible only in the dying.
Pe*rite" (?), a. [L.
peritus.] Skilled.
[Obs.]
\'d8Per`i*the"ci*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)
An organ in certain fungi and lichens, surrounding and
enveloping the masses of fructification.
Henslow.
Pe*rit"o*mous (?), a. [Gr. Peri-, and Tome.]
(Min.) Cleaving in more directions than one,
parallel to the axis.
Per`i*to*n\'91"um (?), n.
(Anat.) Same as Peritoneum.
Per`i*to*ne"al (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82riton\'82al.] (Anat.) Of or
pertaining to the peritoneum.
Per`i*to*ne"um (?), n. [L.
peritoneum, peritonaeum, Gr. (Anat.) The smooth serous
membrane which lines the cavity of the abdomen, or the whole body
cavity when there is no diaphragm, and, turning back, surrounds
the viscera, forming a closed, or nearly closed, sac.
[Written also periton\'91um.]
\'d8Per`i*to*ni"tis (?), n.
[NL. See Peritoneum, and -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the peritoneum.
Per`i*tra"che*al (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Surrounding the trache\'91.
Per"i*treme (?), n. [Pref.
peri- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) That part of the integument of an insect which
surrounds the spiracles. (b) The edge of the
aperture of a univalve shell.
\'d8Pe*rit"ri*cha (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A division of ciliated Infusoria
having a circle of cilia around the oral disk and sometimes
another around the body. It includes the vorticellas. See
Vorticella.
\'d8Per`i*tro"chi*um (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Mech.) The wheel which, together with the axle,
forms the axis in peritrochio, which see under
Axis.
Per*it"ro*pal (?), a. [Gr. p\'82ritrope.] 1. Rotatory;
circuitous. [R.]
2. Having the axis of the seed perpendicular to the
axis of the pericarp to which it is attached.
Per*it"ro*pous (?), a.
Peritropal.
\'d8Per`i*typh*li"tis (?), n.
[NL. See Peri-, and Typhlitis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the connective tissue
about the c\'91cum.
Per`i*u"ter*ine (?), a.
(Med.) Surrounding the uterus.
Per`i*vas"cu*lar (?), a. Around
the blood vessels; as, perivascular
lymphatics.
Per`i*ver"te*bral (?), a.
(Anat.) Surrounding the vertebr\'91.
Per`i*vis"cer*al (?), a.
(Anat.) Around the viscera; as, the
perivisceral cavity.
Per`i*vi*tel"line (?), a.
[Pref. peri- + vitelline.]
(Biol.) Situated around the vitellus, or between
the vitellus and zona pellucida of an ovum.
Per"i*wig (?), n. [OE.
perrwige, perwicke, corrupt. fr. F.
perruque; cf. OD. peruyk, from French. See
Peruke, and cf. Wig.] A headdress of
false hair, usually covering the whole head, and representing the
natural hair; a wig.
Shak.
Per"i*wig, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Perwigged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Perwigging (?).] To
dress with a periwig, or with false hair.
Swift.
Per"i*win`kle (?), n. [From AS.
pinewincla a shellfish, in which pine- is
fr. L. pina, pinna, a kind of mussel, akin
to Gr. Winkle.] (Zo\'94l.)
Any small marine gastropod shell of the genus Littorina. The
common European species (Littorina littorea), in
Europe extensively used as food, has recently become naturalized
abundantly on the American coast. See Littorina.
Fulgur carica, and F.
canaliculata.
Per"i*win`kle, n. [OE.
pervenke, AS. pervince, fr. L.
pervinca.] (Bot.) A trailing
herb of the genus Vinca.
Vinca minor) has
opposite evergreen leaves and solitary blue or white flowers in
their axils. In America it is often miscalled
myrtle. See under Myrtle.
Per"jen*et (?), n. [Cf.
Pear, and Jenneting.] A kind of
pear. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Per"jure (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perjured
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perjuring.] [F. parjurer, L.
perjurare, perjerare; per
through, over + jurare to swear. See
Jury.] 1. To cause to violate an
oath or a vow; to cause to make oath knowingly to what is untrue;
to make guilty of perjury; to forswear; to corrupt; -- often used
reflexively; as, he perjured himself.
Want will perjure
The ne'er-touched vestal.
Shak.
2. To make a false oath to; to deceive by oaths and
protestations. [Obs.]
And with a virgin innocence did pray
For me, that perjured her.
J. Fletcher.
Syn. -- To Perjure, Forswear.
These words have been used interchangeably; but there is
a tendency to restrict perjure to that species of
forswearing which constitutes the crime of perjury at law,
namely, the willful violation of an oath administered by a
magistrate or according to law.
Per"jure, n. [L. perjurus:
cf. OF. parjur, F. parjure.] A
perjured person. [Obs.]
Shak.
Per"jured (?), a. Guilty of
perjury; having sworn falsely; forsworn. Shak.
\'bdPerjured persons.\'b8 1 Tim. i. 10.
\'bdTheir perjured oath.\'b8 Spenser.
Per"jur*er (?), n. One who is
guilty of perjury; one who perjures or forswears, in any
sense.
{ Per*ju"ri*ous (?), Per"ju*rous
(?), } a. [L.
perjuriosus, perjurus.] Guilty
of perjury; containing perjury. [Obs.]
Quarles. B. Johnson.
Per"ju*ry (?), n.; pl.
Perjuries (#). [L.
perjurium. See Perjure, v.]
1. False swearing.
2. (Law) At common law, a willfully
false statement in a fact material to the issue, made by a
witness under oath in a competent judicial proceeding. By statute
the penalties of perjury are imposed on the making of willfully
false affirmations.
Perk (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perked (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Perking.]
[Cf. W. percu to trim, to make smart.]
To make trim or smart; to straighten up; to erect; to make a
jaunty or saucy display of; as, to perk the ears; to
perk up one's head.
Cowper. Sherburne.
Perk, v. i. To exalt one's self; to bear
one's self loftily. \'bdTo perk over them.\'b8
Barrow.
To perk it, to carry one's self proudly or
saucily.
Pope.
Perk, a. Smart; trim; spruce; jaunty;
vain. \'bdPerk as a peacock.\'b8
Spenser.
Perk, v. i. To peer; to look
inquisitively.
Dickens.
Per"kin (?), n. A kind of weak
perry.
Per"kin*ism (?), n.
(Med.) A remedial treatment, by drawing the
pointed extremities of two rods, each of a different metal, over
the affected part; tractoration, -- first employed by Dr. Elisha
Perkins of Norwich, Conn. See
Metallotherapy.
Perk"y (?), a. Perk; pert;
jaunty; trim.
There amid perky larches and pines.
Tennyson.
Per*la"ceous (?), a. [See
Pearl.] Pearly; resembling pearl.
Per"lid (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any insect of the genus
Perla, or family Perlid\'91. See
Stone fly, under Stone.
Per"lite (?), n. (Min.)
Same as Pearlite.
Per*lit"ic (?), a. (Min.)
Relating to or resembling perlite, or pearlstone; as,
the perlitic structure of certain rocks. See
Pearlite.
Per"lous (?), a.
Perilous. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Per`lus*tra"tion (?), n. [L.
perlustrare to wander all through, to survey. See 3d
Luster.] The act of viewing all over.
[Archaic]
Howell.
Per"ma*na*ble (?), a.
Permanent; durable. [Obs.]
Lydgate.
{ Per"ma*nence (?), Per"ma*nen*cy
(?), } n. [Cf. F.
permanence.] The quality or state of being
permanent; continuance in the same state or place; duration;
fixedness; as, the permanence of institutions; the
permanence of nature.
Per"ma*nent (?), a. [L.
permanens, -entis, p.pr. of
permanere to stay or remain to the end, to last;
per + manere to remain: cf. F. permanent.
See Per-, and Mansion.] Continuing
in the same state, or without any change that destroys form or
character; remaining unaltered or unremoved; abiding; durable;
fixed; stable; lasting; as, a permanent
impression.
Eternity stands permanent and fixed.
Dryden.
Permanent gases (Chem. & Physics),
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide; -- also
called incondensible ,
before their liquefaction in 1877.<-- archaic --> --
Permanent way, the roadbed and superstructure of a
finished railway; -- so called in distinction from the
contractor's temporary way. -- Permanent
white (Chem.), barium sulphate
(heavy spar), used as a white pigment or
paint, in distinction from white lead, which tarnishes
and darkens from the formation of the sulphide.
Syn. -- Lasting; durable; constant. See
Lasting.
Per"ma*nent*ly, adv. In a permanent
manner.
Per*man"ga*nate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of permanganic acid.
Potassium permanganate. (Chem.) See
Potassium permanganate, under
Potassium.
Per`man*gan"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, one of the
higher acids of manganese, HMnO4, which forms
salts called permanganates.
Per*man"sion (?), n. [L.
permansio. See Permanent.]
Continuance. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Per`me*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf.
F. perm\'82abilit\'82.] The quality or
state of being permeable.
Magnetic permeability (Physics),
the specific capacity of a body for magnetic induction, or
its conducting power for lines of magnetic force.
Sir W. Thomson.
Per"me*a*ble (?), a. [L.
permeabilis: cf. F. perm\'82able. See
Permeate.] Capable of being permeated, or
passed through; yielding passage; passable; penetrable; -- used
especially of substances which allow the passage of fluids;
as, wood is permeable to oil; glass is
permeable to light.
I. Taylor.
Per"me*a*bly, adv. In a permeable
manner.
Per"me*ant (?), a. [L.
permeans, p.pr.] Passing through;
permeating. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Per"me*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Permeated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Permeating.] [L. permeatus,
p.p. of permeare to permeate; per + meare
to go, pass.] 1. To pass through the pores or
interstices of; to penetrate and pass through without causing
rupture or displacement; -- applied especially to fluids which
pass through substances of loose texture; as, water
permeates sand.
Woodward.
2. To enter and spread through; to pervade.
God was conceived to be diffused throughout the whole world,
to permeate and pervade all things.
Cudworth.
Per`me*a"tion (?), n. The act
of permeating, passing through, or spreading throughout, the
pores or interstices of any substance.
Here is not a mere involution only, but a spiritual
permeation and inexistence.
Bp. Hall.
Per"mi*an (?), a. [From the
ancient kingdom of Permia, where the Permian formation
exists.] (Geol.) Belonging or relating to
the period, and also to the formation, next following the
Carboniferous, and regarded as closing the Carboniferous age and
Paleozoic era. -- n. The Permian
period. See Chart of Geology.
Per"mi*ans (?), n. pl.; sing.
Permian (.
(Ethnol.) A tribe belonging to the Finnic race,
and inhabiting a portion of Russia.
Per*mis"ci*ble (?), a. [L.
permiscere to mingle; per + miscere to
mix.] Capable of being mixed.
Per*miss" (?), n. [See
Permit.] A permitted choice; a rhetorical
figure in which a thing is committed to the decision of one's
opponent. [Obs.]
Milton.
Per*mis`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being permissible; permissibleness;
allowableness.
Per*mis"si*ble (?), a. That may
be permitted; allowable; admissible. --
Per*mis"si*ble*ness, n. --
Per*mis"si*bly, adv.
Per*mis"sion (?), n. [L.
permissio: cf. F. permission. See
Permit.] The act of permitting or allowing;
formal consent; authorization; leave; license or liberty
granted.
High permission of all-ruling Heaven.
Milton.
You have given me your permission for this
address.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Leave; liberty; license. --
Leave, Permission. Leave implies
that the recipient may decide whether to use the license granted
or not. Permission is the absence on the part of
another of anything preventive, and in general, at least by
implication, signifies approval.
Per*mis"sive (?), a. 1.
Permitting; granting leave or liberty. \'bdBy his
permissive will.\'b8
Milton.
2. Permitted; tolerated; suffered.
Milton.
Per*mis"sive*ly, adv. In a permissive
manner.
Per*mis"tion (?), n. [L.
permistio, permixtio, fr.
permiscere, permistum, and
permixtum. See Permiscible.] The
act of mixing; the state of being mingled; mixture.
[Written also permixtion.]
Per*mit" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Permitted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Permitting.] [L.
permittere, permissum, to let through, to
allow, permit; per + mittere to let go, send. See
Per-, and Mission.] 1. To
consent to; to allow or suffer to be done; to tolerate; to put up
with.
What things God doth neither command nor forbid . . . he
permitteth with approbation either to be done or left
undone.
Hooker.
2. To grant (one) express license or liberty to do
an act; to authorize; to give leave; -- followed by an
infinitive.
Thou art permitted to speak for thyself.
Acis xxvi. 1.
3. To give over; to resign; to leave; to
commit.
Let us not aggravate our sorrows,
But to the gods permit the event of things.
Addison.
Syn. -- To allow; let; grant; admit; suffer; tolerate;
endure; consent to. -- To Allow,
Permit, Suffer, Tolerate. To
allow is more positive, denoting (at least originally
and etymologically) a decided assent, either directly or by
implication. To permit is more negative, and imports
only acquiescence or an abstinence from prevention. The
distinction, however, is often disregarded by good writers. To
suffer has a stronger passive or negative sense than
to permit, sometimes implying against the will,
sometimes mere indifference. To tolerate is to endure
what is contrary to will or desire. To suffer and to
tolerate are sometimes used without
discrimination.
Per*mit", v. i. To grant permission; to
allow.
Per"mit (?), n. Warrant;
license; leave; permission; specifically, a written license or
permission given to a person or persons having authority; as,
a permit to land goods subject to duty.
Per*mit"tance (?), n. The act
of permitting; allowance; permission; leave.
Milton.
Per`mit*tee" (?), n. One to
whom a permission or permit is given.
Per*mit"ter (?), n. One who
permits.
A permitter, or not a hinderer, of sin.
J. Edwards.
Per*mix" (?), v. t. To mix; to
mingle. [Obs.]
Per*mix"tion (?), n. See
Permission.
Per*mut"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
permutable.] Capable of being permuted;
exchangeable. -- Per*mut"a*ble*ness,
n. -- Per*mut"a*bly,
adv.
Per`mu*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
permutatio: cf. F. permutation. See
Permute.] 1. The act of permuting;
exchange of the thing for another; mutual transference;
interchange.
The violent convulsions and permutations that have
been made in property.
Burke.
2. (Math.) (a) The arrangement
of any determinate number of things, as units, objects, letters,
etc., in all possible orders, one after the other; -- called also
alternation. Cf. Combination,
n., 4. (b) Any one of such
possible arrangements.
3. (Law) Barter; exchange.
Permutation lock, a lock in which the parts
can be transposed or shifted, so as to require different
arrangements of the tumblers on different occasions of
unlocking.
<-- p. 1069 -->
Per*mute" (?), v. t. [L.
permutare, permutatum; per +
mutare to change: cf. F. permuter.]
1. To interchange; to transfer reciprocally.
2. To exchange; to barter; to traffic.
[Obs.]
Bought, trucked, permuted, or given.
Hakluyt.
Per*mut"er (?), n. One who
permutes.
Pern (?), v. t. [See
Pernancy.] To take profit of; to make
profitable. [Obs.]
Sylvester.
Pern, n. (Zo\'94l.) The honey
buzzard.
Per"nan*cy (?), n. [OF.
prenance, fr. prendre, prenre,
penre, to take, L. prendere,
prehendere.] (Law) A taking or
reception, as the receiving of rents or tithes in kind, the
receiving of profits.
Blackstone.
Per"nel (?), n. See
Pimpernel. [Obs.]
Per*ni"cion (?), n. [See 2d
Pernicious.] Destruction; perdition.
[Obs.]
hudibras.
Per*ni"cious (?), a. [L.
pernix, -icis.] Quick; swift (to
burn). [R.]
Milton.
Per*ni"cious, a. [L.
perniciosus, from pernicies destruction,
from pernecare to kill or slay outright; per +
necare to kill, slay: cf. F. pernicieux. Cf.
Nuisance, Necromancy.] Having the
quality of injuring or killing; destructive; very mischievous;
baleful; malicious; wicked.
Let this pernicious hour
Stand aye accursed in the calendar.
Shak.
Pernicious to his health.
Prescott.
Syn. -- Destructive; ruinous; deadly; noxious; injurious;
baneful; deleterious; hurtful; mischievous.
-- Per*ni"cious*ly, adv., --
Per*ni"cious*ness, n.
Per*nic"i*ty (?), n. [L.
pernicitas. See 1st Pernicious.]
Swiftness; celerity. [R.]
Ray.
\'d8Per"ni*o (?), n. [L.]
(Med.) A chilblain.
Per`noc*ta"li*an (?), n. One
who watches or keeps awake all night.
Per`noc*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
pernoctatio, fr. pernoctare to stay all
night; per + nox, noctis, night.]
The act or state of passing the whole night; a remaining all
night. \'bdPernoctation in prayer.\'b8
Jer. Taylor.
Per"nor (?), n. [See
Pern, v.] (Law) One who
receives the profits, as of an estate.
Per"not fur"nace (?). [So called from
Charles Pernot, its inventor.] A
reverberatory furnace with a circular revolving hearth, -- used
in making steel.
Per"ny*i moth" (?). (Zo\'94l.)
A silk-producing moth (Attacus Pernyi) which
feeds upon the oak. It has been introduced into Europe and
America from China.
Per*of"skite (?), n. [From von
Perovski, of St.Petersburg.] (Min.)
A titanate of lime occurring in octahedral or cubic
crystals. [Written also
Perovskite.]
Pe*rogue (?), n. See
Pirogue.
Per"o*nate (?), a. [L.
peronatus roughpero,
-onis, a kind of rough boot.] (Bot.)
A term applied to the stipes or stalks of certain fungi
which are covered with a woolly substance which at length becomes
powdery.
Henslow.
Per`o*ne"al (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to
the fibula; in the region of the fibula.
Per"o*rate (?), v. i. [See
Peroration.] To make a peroration; to
harangue. [Colloq.]
Per`o*ra"tion (?), n. [L.
peroratio, fr. perorate,
peroratum, to speak from beginning to end; per +
orate to speak. See Per-, and
Oration.] (Rhet.) The concluding
part of an oration; especially, a final summing up and
enforcement of an argument.
Burke.
Per*ox`i*da"tion (?), n. Act,
process, or result of peroxidizing; oxidation to a
peroxide.
Per*ox"ide (?), n.
(Chem.) An oxide containing more oxygen than some
other oxide of the same element. Formerly peroxides were regarded
as the highest oxides. Cf. Per-, 2.
Per*ox"i*dize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Peroxidized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Peroxidizing.] (Chem.) To
oxidize to the utmost degree, so as to form a peroxide.
Per*pend" (?), v. t. [L.
perpendere, perpensum; per +
pendere to weight.] To weight carefully in the
mind. [R.] \'bdPerpend my
words.\'b8
Shak.
Per*pend", v. i. To attend; to be
attentive. [R.]
Shak.
Per*pend"er (?), n. [F.
parpaing, pierre parpaigne; of uncertain
origin.] (Masonry) A large stone reaching
through a wall so as to appear on both sides of it, and acting as
a binder; -- called also perbend,
perpend stone, and perpent
stone.
Per*pen"di*cle (?), n. [L.
perpendiculum; per + pendere to hang: cf.
F. perpendicule.] Something hanging
straight down; a plumb line. [Obs.]
Per`pen*dic"u*lar (?), a. [L.
perpendicularis, perpendicularius: cf. F.
perpendiculaire. See Perpendicle,
Pension.] 1. Exactly upright or
vertical; pointing to the zenith; at right angles to the plane of
the horizon; extending in a right line from any point toward the
center of the earth.
2. (Geom.) At right angles to a given
line or surface; as, the line ad is
perpendicular to the line bc.
Perpendicular style (Arch.), a name
given to the latest variety of English Gothic architecture, which
prevailed from the close of the 14th century to the early part of
the 16th; -- probably so called from the vertical style of its
window mullions.
Per`pen*dic"u*lar (?), n.
1. A line at right angles to the plane of the
horizon; a vertical line or direction.
2. (Geom.) A line or plane falling at
right angles on another line or surface, or making equal angles
with it on each side.
Per`pen*dic`u*lar"i*ty (?), n.
[Cf. F. perpendicularit\'82.] The
quality or state of being perpendicular.
Per`pen*dic"u*lar*ly (?), adv.
In a perpendicular manner; vertically.
Per"pend stone` (?). See
Perpender.
Per*pen"sion (?), n. [See
Perpend.] Careful consideration;
pondering. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Per*pen"si*ty (?), n.
Perpension. [Obs.]
Per"pent stone` (?). See
Perpender.
Per*pes"sion (?), n. [L.
perpessio, fr. perpeti,
perpessus, to bear steadfastly; per + pati
to bear.] Suffering; endurance.
[Obs.]
Bp. Pearson.
Per"pe*tra"ble (?), a. Capable
of being perpetrated.
R. North.
Per"pe*trate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perpetrated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perpetrating.] [L.
perpetratus, p.p. of perpetrare to effect,
perpetrare; per + patrare to perform.] To
do or perform; to carry through; to execute, commonly in a bad
sense; to commit (as a crime, an offense); to be guilty of;
as, to perpetrate a foul deed.
What the worst perpetrate, or best endure.
Young.
Per`pe*tra"tion (?), n. [L.
perpetratio: cf. F. perp\'82tration.]
1. The act of perpetrating; a doing; -- commonly
used of doing something wrong, as a crime.
2. The thing perpetrated; an evil action.
Per"pe*tra`tor (?), n.
[L.] One who perpetrates; esp., one who commits
an offense or crime.
Per*pet"u*a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being perpetuated or continued.
Varieties are perpetuable, like species.
Gray.
Per*pet"u*al (?), a. [OE.
perpetuel, F. perp\'82tuel, fr. L.
perpetualis, fr. perpetuus continuing
throughout, continuous, fr. perpes, -etis,
lasting throughout.] Neverceasing; continuing forever
or for an unlimited time; unfailing; everlasting;
continuous.
Unto the kingdom of perpetual night.
Shak.
Perpetual feast of nectared sweets.
Milton.
Circle of perpetual apparition, occultation. See under
Circle. -- Perpetual calendar, a
calendar so devised that it may be adjusted for any month or
year. -- Perpetual curacy (Ch. of
Eng.), a curacy in which all the tithes are
appropriated, and no vicarage is endowed.
Blackstone. -- Perpetual motion. See
under Motion. -- Perpetual screw.
See Endless screw, under
Screw.
Syn. -- Continual; unceasing; endless; everlasting;
incessant; constant; eternal. See Constant.
Per*pet"u*al*ly, adv. In a perpetual
manner; constantly; continually.
The Bible and Common Prayer Book in the vulgar tongue, being
perpetually read in churches, have proved a kind of
standard for language.
Swift.
Per*pet"u*al*ty (?), n. The
state or condition of being perpetual. [Obs.]
Testament of Love.
Per*pet"u*ance (?), n.
Perpetuity. [Obs.]
Per*pet"u*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perpetuated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perpetuating.] [L.
perpetuatus, p.p. of perpetuare to
perpetuate. See Perpetual.] To make
perpetual; to cause to endure, or to be continued, indefinitely;
to preserve from extinction or oblivion; to eternize.
Addison. Burke.
Per*pet"u*ate (?), a. [L.
perpetuatus, p.p.] Made perpetual;
perpetuated. [R.]
Southey.
Per*pet`u*a"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. perp\'82tuation.] The act of making
perpetual, or of preserving from extinction through an endless
existence, or for an indefinite period of time;
continuance.
Sir T. Browne.
Per`pe*tu"i*ty (?), n. [L.
perpetuitas: cf. F.
perp\'82tuit\'82.] 1. The quality
or state of being perpetual; as, the perpetuity of
laws.
Bacon.
A path to perpetuity of fame.
Byron.
The perpetuity of single emotion is insanity.
I. Taylor.
2. Something that is perpetual.
South.
3. Endless time. \'bdAnd yet we should, for
perpetuity, go hence in debt.\'b8
Shak.
4. (Annuities) (a) The number
of years in which the simple interest of any sum becomes equal to
the principal. (b) The number of years'
purchase to be given for an annuity to continue forever.
(c) A perpetual annuity.
5. (Law) (a) Duration without
limitations as to time. (b) The quality or
condition of an estate by which it becomes inalienable, either
perpetually or for a very long period; also, the estate itself so
modified or perpetuated.
Per*plex" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perplexed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perplexing.] [L. perplexari.
See Perplex, a.] 1. To
involve; to entangle; to make intricate or complicated, and
difficult to be unraveled or understood; as, to
perplex one with doubts.
No artful wildness to perplex the scene.
Pope.
What was thought obscure, perplexed, and too hard
for our weak parts, will lie open to the understanding in a fair
view.
Locke.
2. To embarrass; to puzzle; to distract; to
bewilder; to confuse; to trouble with ambiguity, suspense, or
anxiety. \'bdPerplexd beyond
self-explication.\'b8
Shak.
We are perplexed, but not in despair.
2 Cor. iv. 8.
We can distinguish no general truths, or at least shall be apt
to perplex the mind.
Locke.
3. To plague; to vex; to tormen.
Glanvill.
Syn. -- To entangle; involve; complicate; embarrass; puzzle;
bewilder; confuse; distract. See Embarrass.
Per*plex", a. [L. perplexus
entangled, intricate; per + plectere,
plexum, to plait, braid: cf. F. perplexe.
See Per-, and Plait.] Intricate;
difficult. [Obs.]
Glanvill.
Per*plexed" (?), a. Entangled,
involved, or confused; hence, embarrassd; puzzled; doubtful;
anxious. -- Per*plex"ed*ly
(#), adv. -- Per*plex"ed*ness,
n.
Per*plex"ing (?), a.
Embarrassing; puzzling; troublesome.
\'bdPerplexing thoughts.\'b8
Milton.
Per*plex"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Perplexities (#). [L.
perplexitas: cf. F. perplexit\'82.]
The quality or state of being perplexed or puzzled;
complication; intricacy; entanglement; distraction of mind
through doubt or difficulty; embarrassment; bewilderment;
doubt.
By their own perplexities involved,
They ravel more.
Milton.
Per*plex"ive*ness (?), n. The
quality of being perplexing; tendency to perplex.
[Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Per*plex"ly, adv. Perplexedly.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Per`po*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
perpotatio, fr. perpotate. See
Per-, and Potation.] The act of
drinking excessively; a drinking bout. [Obs.]
Per"qui*site (?), n. [L.
perquisitum, fr. perquisitus, p.p. of
perquirere to ask for diligently; per +
quaerere to seek. See Per-, and
Quest.] 1. Something gained from a
place or employment over and above the ordinary salary or fixed
wages for services rendered; especially, a fee allowed by law to
an officer for a specific service.
The pillage of a place taken by storm was regarded as the
perquisite of the soldiers.
Prescott.
The best perquisites of a place are the advantages
it gaves a man of doing good.
Addison.
2. pl. (Law) Things gotten
by a man's own industry, or purchased with his own money, as
opposed to things which come to him by descent.
Mozley & W.
Per"qui*sit*ed, a. Supplied with
perquisites. [Obs.] \'bdPerquisited
varlets frequent stand.\'b8
Savage.
Per`qui*si"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
perquisition.] A thorough inquiry of
search. [R.]
Berkeley.
Per*ra"di*al (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Situated around the radii, or radial
tubes, of a radiate.
Per"rie (?), n. [F.
pierreries, pl., fr. pierre stone, L.
petra.] Precious stones; jewels.
[Obs.] [Written also perre,
perrye, etc.]
Chaucer.
Per"ri*er (?), n. [OF.
perriere, perrier, F. perrier.
Cf. Pederero.] (Mil.) A short
mortar used formerly for throwing stone shot.
Hakluyt.
Per`ro*quet" (?), n. [F.]
(Zo\'94l.) See Paroquet,
Parakeet.
\'d8Per`ruque" (?), n.
[F.] See Peruke.
Per*ru"qui*er (?), n.
[F.] A marker of perukes or wigs.
Per"ry (?), n. [OF.
per\'82, F. poir\'82, fr. poire
a pear, L. pirum. See Pear the fruit.]
A fermented liquor made from pears; pear cider.
Mortimer.
Per"ry, n. A suddent squall. See
Pirry. [Obs.]
Pers (?), a. [F.
pers.] Light blue; grayish blue; -- a term
applied to different shades at different periods. --
n. A cloth of sky-blue color.
[Obs.] \'bdA long surcoat of
pers.\'b8
Chaucer.
Per"salt` (?), n. (Chem.)
A term formerly given to the salts supposed to be formed
respectively by neutralizing acids with certain peroxides.
[Obsoles.]
Per"sant (?), a. [F.
per\'87ant, p.pr. of percer to
pierce.] Piercing. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Per`scru*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
perscrutatio, fr. perscrutari to search
through.] A thorough searching; a minute inquiry or
scrutiny.
Carlyle
Per"se*cot (?), n. See
Persicot.
Per"se*cute (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Persecuted
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Persecuting.] [F.
pers\'82cueter, L. persequi,
persecutus, to pursue, prosecute; per +
sequi to follow, pursue. See Per-, and
Second.] 1. To pursue in a manner to
injure, grieve, or afflict; to beset with cruelty or malignity;
to harass; especially, to afflict, harass, punish, or put to
death, for adherence to a particular religious creed or mode of
worship.
Do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which
despitefully use you, and persecute you.
Matt. v. 44.
2. To harass with importunity; to pursue with
persistent solicitations; to annoy.
Johnson.
Syn. -- To oppress; harass; distress; worry; annoy.
Per`se*cu"tion (?), n. [F.
pers\'82cution, L. persecutio.]
1. The act or practice of persecuting; especially,
the infliction of loss, pain, or death for adherence to a
particular creed or mode of worship.
Persecution produces no sincere conviction.
Paley.
2. The state or condition of being
persecuted.
Locke.
3. A carrying on; prosecution.
[Obs.]
Per"se*cu`tor (?), n. [L.: cf.
F. pers\'82cuteur.] One who persecutes, or
harasses.
Shak.
Per"se*cu`trix (?), n.
[L.] A woman who persecutes.
Per"se*id (?), n.
(Astron.) One of a group of shooting stars which
appear yearly about the 10th of August, and cross the heavens in
paths apparently radiating from the constellation
Perseus. They are beleived to be fragments once
connected with a comet visible in 1862.
Per"se*us (?), n. [L., from Gr.
1. (Class. Myth.) A Grecian
legendary hero, son of Jupiter and Dana\'89, who slew the Gorgon
Medusa.
2. (Astron.) A consellation of the
northern hemisphere, near Taurus and Cassiopea. It contains a
star cluster visible to the naked eye as a nebula.
Per*sev"er (?), v. i. To
persevere. [Obs.]
Per`se*ver"ance (?), n. [F.
pers\'82v\'82rance, L.
perseverantia.] 1. The act of
persevering; persistence in anything undertaken; continued
pursuit or prosecution of any business, or enterprise
begun. \'bdThe king-becoming graces . . .
perseverance, mercy, lowliness.\'b8
Shak.
Whose constant perseverance overcame
Whate'er his cruel malice could invent.
Milton.
2. Discrimination. [Obs.]
Sir J. Harrington.
3. (Theol.) Continuance in a state of
grace until it is succeeded by a state of glory; sometimes called
final perseverance, and the perseverance of the
saints. See Calvinism.
Syn. -- Persistence; steadfastness; constancy; steadiness;
pertinacity.
<-- p. 1070 -->
Per`se*ver"ant (?), a. [L.
perseverans, -antis, p.pr.: cf. F.
pers\'82v\'82rant.] Persevering.
[R.] \'bdPerseverant faith.\'b8
Whitby. -- Per`se*ver"ant*ly,
adv. [R.]
Per`se*vere" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Persevered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Persevering.] [F.
pers\'82v\'82rer, L. perseverare, fr.
perseverus very strict; per + severus
strict, severe. See Per-, and Severe.]
To persist in any business or enterprise undertaken; to
pursue steadily any project or course begun; to maintain a
purpose in spite of counter influences, opposition, or
discouragement; not to give or abandon what is undertaken.
Thrice happy, if they know
Their happiness, and persevere upright.
Milton.
Syn. -- To Persevere, Continue,
Persist. The idea of not laying aside is
common to these words. Continue is the generic term,
denoting simply to do as one has done hitherto. To
persevere is to continue in a given course
in spite of discouragements, etc., from a desire to obtain our
end. To persist is to continue from a
determination of will not to give up. Persist is
frequently used in a bad sense, implying obstinacy in pursuing an
unworthy aim.
Per`se*ver"ing (?), a.
Characterized by perseverance; persistent. --
Per`se*ver"ing*ly,
adv.
Per"sian (?), a. [From
Persia: cf. It. Persiano. Cf.
Parsee, Peach, Persic.] Of
or pertaining to Persia, to the Persians, or to their
language.
Persian berry, the fruit of Rhamnus
infectorius, a kind of buckthorn, used for dyeing yellow,
and imported chiefly from Trebizond. -- Persian
cat. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Angora
cat, under Angora. -- Persian
columns (Arch.), columns of which the shaft
represents a Persian slave; -- called also
Persians. See Atlantes. --
Persian drill (Mech.), a drill which is
turned by pushing a nut back and forth along a spirally grooved
drill holder. -- Persian fire (Med.),
malignant pustule. -- Persian powder. See
Insect powder, under Insect. --
Persian red. See Indian red
(a), under Indian. -- Persian
wheel, a noria; a tympanum. See
Noria.
Per"sian, n. 1. A native or
inhabitant of Persia.
2. The language spoken in Persia.
3. A thin silk fabric, used formerly for
linings.
Beck.
4. pl. (Arch.) See
Persian columns, under Persian,
a.
Per"sic (?), a. [L.
Persicus. Cf. Persian.] Of or
relating to Persia. -- n. The Persian
language.
\'d8Per`si*ca"ri*a (?), n.
[NL., from LL. persicarius a peach tree. See
Peach.] (Bot.) See Lady's
thumb.
Per"si*cot (?), n. [F. See
Peach.] A cordial made of the kernels of
apricots, nectarines, etc., with refined spirit.
\'d8Per`si`flage" (?), n. [F.,
fr. persifler to quiz, fr. L. per + siffler
to whistle, hiss, L. sibilare,
sifilare.] Frivolous or bantering talk; a
frivolous manner of treating any subject, whether serious or
otherwise; light raillery.
Hannah More.
\'d8Per`si`fleur (?), n.
[F.] One who indulges in persiflage; a banterer;
a quiz.
Carlyle.
Per*sim"mon (?), n. [Virginia
Indian.] (Bot.) An American tree
(Diospyros Virginiana) and its fruit, found from New
York southward. The fruit is like a plum in appearance, but is
very harsh and astringent until it has been exposed to frost,
when it becomes palatable and nutritious.
Japanese persimmon, Diospyros Kaki
and its red or yellow edible fruit, which outwardly resembles a
tomato, but contains a few large seeds.
Per"sis (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A kind of coloring matter obtained from
lichens.
Per"sism (?), n. A Persian
idiom.
Per*sist" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Persisted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Persisting.] [L.
persistere; per + sistere to stand or be
fixed, fr. stare to stand: cf. F.
persister. See Per-, and
Stand.] To stand firm; to be fixed and
unmoved; to stay; to continue steadfastly; especially, to
continue fixed in a course of conduct against opposing motives;
to persevere; -- sometimes conveying an unfavorable notion, as of
doggedness or obstinacy.
If they persist in pointing their batteries against
particular persons, no laws of war forbid the making
reprisals.
Addison.
Some positive, persisting fops we know,
Who, if once wrong, will needs be always so.
Pope.
That face persists.
It floats up; it turns over in my mind.
Mrs. Browning.
Syn. -- See Persevere, and Insist.
{ Per*sist"ence (?),
Per*sist"en*cy (?), } n.
[See Persistent.] 1. The
quality or state of being persistent; staying or continuing
quality; hence, in an unfavorable sense, doggedness;
obstinacy.
2. The continuance of an effect after the cause
which first gave rise to it is removed; as: (a)
(Physics) The persistence of
motion. (b) (Physiol.) Visual
persistence, or persistence of the visual
impression; auditory persistence, etc.
Per*sist"ent (?), a. [L.
persistens, -entis, p.pr. of
persistere. See Persist.] 1.
Inclined to persist; having staying qualities; tenacious of
position or purpose.
2. (Biol.) Remaining beyond the period
when parts of the same kind sometimes fall off or are absorbed;
permanent; as, persistent teeth or gills; a
persistent calyx; -- opposed to
deciduous, and caducous.
Per*sist"ent*ly, adv. In a persistent
manner.
Per*sist"ing, a. Inclined to persist;
tenacious of purpose; persistent. --
Per*sist"ing*ly, adv.
Per*sist"ive (?), a. See
Persistent.
Shak.
Per*solve" (?), v. t. [L.
persolvere.] To pay wholly, or fully.
[Obs.]
E. Hall.
Per"son (?), n. [OE.
persone, persoun, person,
parson, OF. persone, F.
personne, L. persona a mask (used by
actors), a personage, part, a person, fr. personare to
sound through; per + sonare to sound. See
Per-, and cf. Parson.] 1. A
character or part, as in a play; a specific kind or manifestation
of individual character, whether in real life, or in literary or
dramatic representation; an assumed character.
[Archaic]
His first appearance upon the stage in his new
person of a sycophant or juggler.
Bacon.
No man can long put on a person and act a part.
Jer. Taylor.
To bear rule, which was thy part
And person, hadst thou known thyself aright.
Milton.
How different is the same man from himself, as he sustains the
person of a magistrate and that of a friend!
South.
2. The bodily form of a human being; body; outward
appearance; as, of comely person.
A fair persone, and strong, and young of age.
Chaucer.
If it assume my noble father's person.
Shak.
Love, sweetness, goodness, in her person
shined.
Milton.
3. , self-conscious being, as distinct from an
animal or a thing; a moral agent; a human being; a man, woman, or
child.
Consider what person stands for; which, I think, is
a thinking, intelligent being, that has reason and
reflection.
Locke.
4. A human being spoken of indefinitely; one; a
man; as, any person present.
5. A parson; the parish priest.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
6. (Theol.) Among Trinitarians, one of
the three subdivisions of the Godhead (the Father, the Son, and
the Holy Ghost); an hypostasis. \'bdThree
persons and one God.\'b8
Bk. of Com. Prayer.
7. (Gram.) One of three relations or
conditions (that of speaking, that of being spoken to, and that
of being spoken of) pertaining to a noun or a pronoun, and thence
also to the verb of which it may be the subject.
person; when representing what
is spoken to, in the second person; when representing
what is spoken of, in the third person.
8. (Biol.) A shoot or bud of a plant; a
polyp or zooid of the compound Hydrozoa Anthozoa, etc.; also, an
individual, in the narrowest sense, among the higher
animals.
Haeckel.
True corms, composed of united person\'91 . . . usually arise
by gemmation, . . . yet in sponges and corals occasionally by
fusion of several originally distinct persons.
Encyc. Brit.
Artificial, Fictitious,
person (Law), a corporation or
body politic. blackstone.<-- = legal person --> --
Natural person (Law), a man, woman, or
child, in distinction from a corporation. -- In
person, by one's self; with bodily presence; not by
representative. \'bdThe king himself in person is set
forth.\'b8 Shak. -- In the person of,
in the place of; acting for. Shak.
Per"son (?), v. t. To represent
as a person; to personify; to impersonate.
[Obs.]
Milton.
\'d8Per*so"na (?), n.; pl.
Person\'91 (#). [L.]
(Biol.) Same as Person, n.,
8.
Per"son*a*ble (?), a. 1.
Having a well-formed body, or person; graceful; comely; of
good appearance; presentable; as, a personable man
or woman.
Wise, warlike, personable, courteous, and kind.
Spenser.
The king, . . . so visited with sickness, was not
personable.
E. Hall.
2. (Law) (a) Enabled to
maintain pleas in court. Cowell. (b)
Having capacity to take anything granted.
Per"son*age (?), n. [F.
personnage.] 1. Form, appearance,
or belongings of a person; the external appearance, stature,
figure, air, and the like, of a person. \'bdIn
personage stately.\'b8
Hayward.
The damsel well did view his personage.
Spenser.
2. Character assumed or represented. \'bdThe
actors and personages of this fable.\'b8
Broome. \'bdDisguised in a false
personage.\'b8 Addison.
3. A notable or distinguished person; a conspicious
or peculiar character; as, an illustrious personage;
a comely personage of stature tall.
Spenser.
Per"son*al (?), a. [L.
personalis: cf. F. personnel.]
1. Pertaining to human beings as distinct from
things.
Every man so termed by way of personal
difference.
Hooker.
2. Of or pertaining to a particular person;
relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many
individuals; peculiar or proper to private concerns; not public
or general; as, personal comfort; personal
desire.
The words are conditional, -- If thou doest well, -- and so
personal to Cain.
Locke.
3. Pertaining to the external or bodily appearance;
corporeal; as, personal charms.
Addison.
4. Done in person; without the intervention of
another. \'bdPersonal communication.\'b8
Fabyan.
The immediate and personal speaking of God.
White.
5. Relating to an individual, his character,
conduct, motives, or private affairs, in an invidious and
offensive manner; as, personal reflections or
remarks.
6. (Gram.) Denoting person; as, a
personal pronoun.
Personal action (Law), a suit or
action by which a man claims a debt or personal duty, or damages
in lieu of it; or wherein he claims satisfaction in damages for
an injury to his person or property, or the specific recovery of
goods or chattels; -- opposed to real action. --
Personal equation. (Astron.) See under
Equation. -- Personal estate property (Law), movables;
chattels; -- opposed to real estate or
property. It usually consists of things temporary and
movable, including all subjects of property not of a freehold
nature. -- Personal identity
(Metaph.), the persistent and continuous unity of
the individual person, which is attested by consciousness.
-- Personal pronoun (Gram.), one of the
pronouns I, thou,
he, she, it, and
their plurals. -- Personal representatives
(Law), the executors or administrators of a person
deceased. -- Personal rights, rights
appertaining to the person; as, the rights of a
personal security, personal liberty, and
private property. -- Personal tithes. See
under Tithe. -- Personal verb
(Gram.), a verb which is modified or inflected to
correspond with the three persons.
Per"son*al, n. (Law) A
movable; a chattel.
Per"son*al*ism (?), n. The
quality or state of being personal; personality.
[R.]
Per`son*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Personalities (#). [Cf. F.
personnalit\'82. Cf. Personality.]
1. That which constitutes distinction of person;
individuality.
Personality is individuality existing in itself,
but with a nature as a ground.
Coleridge.
2. Something said or written which refers to the
person, conduct, etc., of some individual, especially something
of a disparaging or offensive nature; personal remarks; as,
indulgence in personalities.
Sharp personalities were exchanged.
Macaulay.
3. (Law) That quality of a law which
concerns the condition, state, and capacity of persons.
Burrill.
Per"son*al*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Personalized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Personalizing
(?).] To make personal. \'bdThey
personalize death.\'b8
H. Spencer.
Per"son*al*ly, adv. 1. In a
personal manner; by bodily presence; in person; not by
representative or substitute; as, to deliver a letter
personally.
He, being cited, personally came not.
Grafton.
2. With respect to an individual; as regards the
person; individually; particularly.
She bore a mortal hatred to the house of Lancaster, and
personally to the king.
Bacon.
3. With respect to one's individuality; as regards
one's self; as, personally I have no feeling in the
matter.
Per"son*al*ty (?), n. 1.
The state of being a person; personality.
[R.]
2. (Law) Personal property, as
distinguished from realty or real property.
Per"son*ate (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Personated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Personating
(?).] [L. personare to cry
out, LL., to extol. See Person.] To celebrate
loudly; to extol; to praise. [Obs.]
In fable, hymn, or song so personating
Their gods ridiculous.
Milton.
Per"son*ate, v. t. [L.
personatus masked, assumed, fictitious, fr.
persona a mask. See Person.]
1. To assume the character of; to represent by a
fictitious appearance; to act the part of; hence, to counterfeit;
to feign; as, he tried to personate his brother; a
personated devotion.
Hammond.
2. To set forth in an unreal character; to
disguise; to mask. [R.] \'bdA
personated mate.\'b8
Milton.
3. To personify; to typify; to describe.
Shak.
Per"son*ate, v. i. To play or assume a
character.
Per"son*ate (?), a. [L.
personatus masked.] (Bot.)
Having the throat of a bilabiate corolla nearly closed by a
projection of the base of the lower lip; masked, as in the flower
of the snapdragon.
Per`son*a"tion (?), n. The act
of personating, or conterfeiting the person or character of
another.
Per"son*a`tor (?), n. One who
personates. \'bdThe personators of these
actions.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Per`son*e"i*ty (?), n.
Personality. [R.]
Coleridge.
Per*son`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n.
[Cf. F. personnification.] 1.
The act of personifying; impersonation; embodiment.
C. Knight.
2. (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which
an inanimate object or abstract idea is represented as animated,
or endowed with personality; prosopopas, the floods
clap their hands. \'bdConfusion heards his voice.\'b8
Milton.
Per*son"i*fi`er (?), n. One who
personifies.
Per*son"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Personified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Personifying
(?).] [Person +
-fy: cf. F. personnifier.]
1. To regard, treat, or represent as a person; to
represent as a rational being.
The poets take the liberty of personifying
inanimate things.
Chesterfield.
2. To be the embodiment or personification of; to
impersonate; as, he personifies the law.
Per"son*ize (?), v. t. To
personify. [R.]
Milton has personized them.
J. Richardson.
\'d8Per`son`nel" (?), n. [F.
See Personal.] The body of persons employed
in some public service, as the army, navy, etc.; -- distinguished
from mat\'82riel.
Per*spec"tive (?), a. [L.
perspicere, perspectum, to look through;
per + spicere, specere, to look: cf. F.
perspectif; or from E. perspective, n. See
Spy, n.] 1. Of or
pertaining to the science of vision; optical.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
2. Pertaining to the art, or in accordance with the
laws, of perspective.
Perspective plane, the plane or surface on
which the objects are delineated, or the picture drawn; the plane
of projection; -- distinguished from the ground plane,
which is that on which the objects are represented as standing.
When this plane is oblique to the principal face of the object,
the perspective is called oblique perspective; when
parallel to that face, parallel perspective. --
Perspective shell (Zo\'94l.), any shell
of the genus Solarium and allied genera. See
Solarium.
Per*spec"tive, n. [F.
perspective, fr. perspectif: cf. It.
perspettiva. See Perspective,
a.] 1. A glass through which
objects are viewed. [Obs.] \'bdNot a
perspective, but a mirror.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
2. That which is seen through an opening; a view; a
vista. \'bdThe perspective of life.\'b8
Goldsmith.
3. The effect of distance upon the appearance of
objects, by means of which the eye recognized them as being at a
more or less measurable distance. Hence, a\'89rial
perspective, the assumed greater vagueness or uncertainty
of outline in distant objects.
A\'89rial perspective is the expression of space by
any means whatsoever, sharpness of edge, vividness of color,
etc.
Ruskin.
4. The art and the science of so delineating
objects that they shall seem to grow smaller as they recede from
the eye; -- called also linear
perspective.
5. A drawing in linear perspective.
Isometrical perspective, an inaccurate term
for a mechanical way of representing objects in the direction of
the diagonal of a cube. -- Perspective glass,
a telescope which shows objects in the right
position.
<-- p. 1071 -->
Per*spec"tive*ly (?), adv.
1. Optically; as through a glass.
[R.]
You see them perspectively.
Shak.
2. According to the rules of perspective.
Per*spec"to*graph (?), n. [L.
perspectus (p.p. of perspicere to look
through) + -graph.] An instrument for
obtaining, and transferring to a picture, the points and outlines
of objects, so as to represent them in their proper geometrical
relations as viewed from some one point.
Per`spec*tog"ra*phy (?), n. The
science or art of delineating objects according to the laws of
perspective; the theory of perspective.
Per"spi*ca*ble (?), a. [L.
perspicabilis, fr. perspicere.]
Discernible. [Obs.]
Herbert.
Per`spi*ca"cious (?), a. [L.
perspicax, -acis, fr. perspicere
to look through: cf. F. perspicace. See
Perspective.] 1. Having the power of
seeing clearly; quick-sighted; sharp of sight.
2. Fig.: Of acute discernment; keen.
-- Per`spi*ca"cious*ly, adv. --
Per`spi*ca"cious*ness, n.
Per`spi*cac"i*ty (?), n. [L.
perspicacitas: cf. F. perspicacit\'82. See
Perspicacious.] The state of being
perspicacious; acuteness of sight or of intelligence; acute
discernment.
Sir T. Browne.
Per"spi*ca*cy (?), n.
Perspicacity. [Obs.]
Per*spi"cience (?), n. [L.
perspicientia, fr. perspiciens, p.p. of
perspicere. See Perspective.] The
act of looking sharply. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Per"spi*cil (?), n. [LL.
perspicilla, fr. L. perspicere to look
through.] An optical glass; a telescope.
[Obs.]
Crashaw.
Per`spi*cu"i*ty (?), n. [L.
perspicuitas: cf. F. perspicuit\'82.]
1. The quality or state of being transparent or
translucent. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
2. The quality of being perspicuous to the
understanding; clearness of expression or thought.
3. Sagacity; perspicacity.
Syn. -- Clearness; perspicuousness; plainness; distinctness;
lucidity; transparency. See Clearness.
Per*spic"u*ous (?), a. [L.
perspicuus, from perspicere to look
through. See Perspective.] 1.
Capable of being through; transparent; translucent; not
opaque. [Obs.]
Peacham.
2. Clear to the understanding; capable of being
clearly understood; clear in thought or in expression; not
obscure or ambiguous; as, a perspicuous writer;
perspicuous statements. \'bdThe purpose is
perspicuous.\'b8
Shak.
-- Per*spic"u*ous*ly, adv. --
Per*spic"u*ous*ness, n.
Per*spir`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being perspirable.
Per*spir"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
perspirable.] 1. Capable of being
perspired.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Emitting perspiration; perspiring.
[R.]
Bacon.
Per`spi*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
perspiration.] 1. The act or
process of perspiring.
2. That which is excreted through the skin;
sweat.
insensible perspiration.
Per*spir"a*tive (?), a.
Performing the act of perspiration; perspiratory.
Per*spir"a*to*ry (?), a. Of,
pertaining to, or producing, perspiration; as, the
perspiratory ducts.
Per*spire" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Perspired
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perspiring.] [L. perspirare
to breathe through; per + spirare. See Per-,
and Spirit.] 1. (Physiol.)
To excrete matter through the skin; esp., to excrete fluids
through the pores of the skin; to sweat.
2. To be evacuated or excreted, or to exude,
through the pores of the skin; as, a fluid
perspires.
Per*spire", v. t. To emit or evacuate
through the pores of the skin; to sweat; to excrete through
pores.
Firs . . . perspire a fine balsam of
turpentine.
Smollett.
Per*strep"er*ous (?), a. [L.
perstrepere to make a great noise.] Noisy;
obstreperous. [Obs.]
Ford.
Per*stringe" (?), v. t. [L.
perstringere; per + stringere to bind up,
to touch upon.] 1. To touch; to graze; to
glance on. [Obs.]
2. To criticise; to touch upon.
[R.]
Evelyn.
Per*suad"a*ble (?), a. That may
be persuaded. -- Per*suad"a*ble*ness,
n. -- Per*suad"a*bly,
adv.
Per*suade" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Persuaded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Persuading.] [L.
persuadere, persuasum; per +
suadere to advise, persuade: cf. F. persuader.
See Per-, and Suasion.] 1.
To influence or gain over by argument, advice, entreaty,
expostulation, etc.; to draw or incline to a determination by
presenting sufficient motives.<-- "gain over" = win over,
win to one's side -->
Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian.
Acts xxvi. 28.
We will persuade him, be it possible.
Shak.
2. To try to influence.
[Obsolescent]
Hearken not unto Hezekiah, when he persuadeth
you.
2 Kings xviii. 32.
3. To convince by argument, or by reasons offered
or suggested from reflection, etc.; to cause to believe.
Beloved, we are persuaded better things of you.
Heb. vi. 9.
4. To inculcate by argument or expostulation; to
advise; to recommend.
Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- To convince; induce; prevail on; win over; allure;
entice. See Convince.
Per*suade" (?), v. i. To use
persuasion; to plead; to prevail by persuasion.
Shak.
Per*suade", n. Persuasion.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Fl.
Per*suad"ed, p. p. & a. Prevailed upon;
influenced by argument or entreaty; convinced. --
Per*suad"ed*ly, adv. --
Per*suad"ed*ness, n.
Per*suad"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, persuades or influences. \'bdPowerful
persuaders.\'b8
Milton.
Per*sua`si*bil"i*ty (?), n.
Capability of being persuaded.
Hawthorne.
Per*sua"si*ble (?), a. [Cf. L.
persuasibilis persuasive, F. persuasible
persuasible.] 1. Capable of being persuaded;
persuadable.
2. Persuasive. [Obs.]
Bale.
-- Per*sua"si*ble*ness, n. --
Per*sua"si*bly, adv.
Per*sua"sion (?), n. [L.
persuasio; Cf. F. persuasion.]
1. The act of persuading; the act of influencing
the mind by arguments or reasons offered, or by anything that
moves the mind or passions, or inclines the will to a
determination.
For thou hast all the arts of fine persuasion.
Otway.
2. The state of being persuaded or convinced;
settled opinion or conviction, which has been induced.
If the general persuasion of all men does so
account it.
Hooker.
My firm persuasion is, at least sometimes,
That Heaven will weigh man's virtues and his crimes
With nice attention.
Cowper.
3. A creed or belief; a sect or party adhering to a
certain creed or system of opinions; as, of the same
persuasion; all persuasions are
agreed.
Of whatever state or persuasion, religious or
political.
Jefferson.
4. The power or quality of persuading;
persuasiveness.
Is 't possible that my deserts to you
Can lack persuasion?
Shak.
5. That which persuades; a persuasive.
[R.]
Syn. -- See Conviction.
Per*sua"sive (?), a. [Cf. F.
persuasif.] Tending to persuade; having the
power of persuading; as, persuasive
eloquence. \'bdPersuasive words.\'b8
Milton.
Per*sua"sive, n. That which persuades;
an inducement; an incitement; an exhortation. --
Per*sua"sive*ly, adv. --
Per*sua"sive*ness, n.
Per*sua"so*ry (?), a.
Persuasive.
Sir T. Browne.
Per*sul"phate (?), n.
(Chem.) A sulphate of the peroxide of any
base. [R.]
Per*sul"phide (?), n.
(Chem.) A sulphide containing more sulphur than
some other compound of the same elements; as, iron pyrites is
a persulphide; -- formerly called
persulphuret.
Per*sul`pho*cy"a*nate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of persulphocyanic acid.
[R.]
Per*sul`pho*cy*an"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a yellow
crystalline substance (called also perthiocyanic
acid), analogous to sulphocyanic acid, but containing more
sulphur.
Per*sul`pho*cy*an"o*gen (?), n.
(Chem.) An orange-yellow substance, produced by
the action of chlorine or boiling dilute nitric acid and
sulphocyanate of potassium; -- called also
pseudosulphocyanogen,
perthiocyanogen, and formerly
sulphocyanogen.
Per*sul"phu*ret (?), n.
(Chem.) A persulphide. [Obs.]
Pert (?), a. [An aphetic form
of OE. & OF. apert open, known, true, free, or
impudent. See Apert.] 1. Open;
evident; apert. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
2. Lively; brisk; sprightly; smart.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. Indecorously free, or presuming; saucy; bold;
impertinent. \'bdA very pert manner.\'b8
Addison.
The squirrel, flippant, pert, and full of play.
Cowper.
Pert, v. i. To behave with
pertness. [Obs.]
Gauden.
Per*tain" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Pertained
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pertaining.] [OE. partenen,
OF. partenir, fr. L. pertinere to stretch
out, reach, pertain; per + tenere to hold, keep. See
Per-, and Tenable, and cf. Appertain,
Pertinent.] 1. To belong; to have
connection with, or dependence on, something, as an appurtenance,
attribute, etc.; to appertain; as, saltness pertains
to the ocean; flowers pertain to plant life.
Men hate those who affect that honor by ambition which
pertaineth not to them.
Hayward.
2. To have relation or reference to
something.
These words pertain unto us at this time as they
pertained to them at their time.
Latimer.
Per*ter`e*bra"tion (?), n. [L.
perterebratus, p.p. of perterebrare to bore
through.] The act of boring through.
[Obs.]
Ainsworth.
Per*thi`o*cy*an"o*gen (?), n.
(Chem.) Same as Persulphocyanogen.
Perth"ite (?), n. [So called
from Perth, in canada.] (Min.) A
kind of feldspar consisting of a laminated intertexture of albite
and orthoclase, usually of different colors. --
Per*thit"ic (#),
a.
Per`ti*na"cious (?), a.[L.
pertinax, -acis; per + tenax
tenacious. See Per-, and Tenacious.]
1. Holding or adhering to any opinion, purpose, or
design, with obstinacy; perversely persistent; obstinate; as,
pertinacious plotters; a pertinacious
beggar.
2. Resolute; persevering; constant; steady.
Diligence is a steady, constant, and pertinacious
study.
South.
Syn. -- Obstinate; stubborn; inflexible; unyielding;
resolute; determined; firm; constant; steady.
-- Per`ti*na"cious*ly, adv. --
Per`ti*na"cious*ness, n.
Per`ti*nac"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
pertinacit\'82.] The quality or state of
being pertinacious; obstinacy; perseverance; persistency.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- See Obstinacy.
Per"ti*na*cy (?), n. [L.
pertinere to pertain. See Pertinence.]
The quality or state of being pertinent; pertinence.
[Obs.]
Per"ti*na*cy, n. [L.
pertinacia, fr. pertinax. See
Pertinacious.] Pertinacity.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Per"ti*nate (?), a.
Pertinacious. [Obs.]
Per"ti*nate*ly, adv.
Pertinaciously. [Obs.]
{ Per"ti*nence (?), Per"ti*nen*cy
(?), } n. [Cf. F.
pertinence. See Pertinent.] The
quality or state of being pertinent; justness of relation to the
subject or matter in hand; fitness; appositeness; relevancy;
suitableness.
The fitness and pertinency of the apostle's
discourse.
Bentley.
Per"ti*nent (?), a. [L.
pertinens, -entis, p.pr. of
pertinere: cf. F. pertinent. See
Pertain.] 1. Belonging or related to
the subject or matter in hand; fit or appropriate in any way;
adapted to the end proposed; apposite; material; relevant;
as, pertinent illustrations or arguments;
pertinent evidence.
2. Regarding; concerning; belonging;
pertaining. [R.] \'bdPertinent unto
faith.\'b8
Hooker.
Syn. -- Apposite; relevant; suitable; appropriate;
fit.
-- Per"ti*nent*ly, adv. --
Per"ti*nent*ness, n.
Pert"ly (?), adv. In a pert
manner.
Pert"ness, n. The quality or state of
being pert.
Per*tran"sient (?), a. [L.
pertransiens, p.pr. of pertransire.]
Passing through or over. [R.]
Per*turb" (?), v. t. [L.
perturbare, perturbatum; per +
turbare to disturb, fr. turba a disorder: cf.
OF. perturber. See Per-, and
Turbid.] 1. To disturb; to agitate;
to vex; to trouble; to disquiet.
Ye that . . . perturb so my feast with crying.
Chaucer.
2. To disorder; to confuse. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Per*turb`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being perturbable.
Per*turb"a*ble (?), a. Liable
to be perturbed or agitated; liable to be disturbed or
disquieted.
Per*turb"ance (?), n.
Disturbance; perturbation. [R.]
\'bdPerturbance of the mind.\'b8
Sharp.
Per"tur*bate (?), v. t. [From
L. perturbatus, p.p.] To perturb.
[Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Per"tur*bate (?), a. Perturbed;
agitated. [R.]
Per`tur*ba"tion (?), n. [L.
perturbatio: cf. F. perturbation.]
1. The act of perturbing, or the state of being
perturbed; esp., agitation of mind.
2. (Astron.) A disturbance in the
regular elliptic or other motion of a heavenly body, produced by
some force additional to that which causes its regular motion;
as, the perturbations of the planets are caused by
their attraction on each other.
Newcomb.
Per`tur*ba"tion*al (?), a. Of
or pertaining to perturbation, esp. to the perturbations of the
planets. \'bdThe perturbational theory.\'b8
Sir J. Herschel.
Per"tur*ba*tive (?), a. Tending
to cause perturbation; disturbing.
Sir J. Herschel.
Per"tur*ba`tor (?), n. A
perturber. [R.]
Per*turbed" (?), a. Agitated;
disturbed; troubled. Shak. --
Per*turb"ed*ly, adv.
Per*turb"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, perturbs, or cause perturbation.
Per*tus"ate (?), a. [See
Pertuse.] (Bot.) Pierced at the
apex.
{ Per*tuse" (?), Per*tused"
(?) }, a. [L. pertusus,
p.p. of pertundere to beat or thrust through, to bore
through; per + tundere to beat: cf. F.
pertus. Cf. Pierce.] Punched;
pierced with, or having, holes.
Per*tu"sion (?), n. [L.
pertusio.] The act of punching or piercing
with a pointed instrument; as, pertusion of a
vein. [R.]
Arbuthnot.
2. A punched hole; a perforation.
Bacon.
\'d8Per*tus"sis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. L. per through, very + tussis
cough.] (Med.) The whooping cough.
Per"uke (?), n. [F.
perruque, It. perrucca,
parrucca, fr. L. pilus hair. Cf.
Periwig, Wig, Peel to strip off,
Plush, Pile a hair.] A wig; a
periwig.
Per"uke, v. t. To dress with a
peruke. [R.]
\'d8Per"u*la (?), n.; pl.
Perul\'91 (#). [L., dim. of
pera wallet, Gr. p\'82rule.] 1. (Bot.)
One of the scales of a leaf bud.
2. (Bot.) A pouchlike portion of the
perianth in certain orchides.
Per"ule (?), n. Same as
Perula.
Pe*rus"al (?), n. [From
Peruse.] 1. The act of carefully
viewing or examining. [R.]
Tatler.
2. The act of reading, especially of reading
through or with care.
Woodward.
Pe*ruse" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perused
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Perusing.] [Pref. per- +
use.] 1. To observe; to examine
with care. [R.]
Myself I then perused, and limb by limb
Surveyed.
Milton.
2. To read through; to read carefully.
Shak.
Pe*rus"er (?), n. One who
peruses.
Pe*ru"vi*an (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82ruvien, Sp. peruviano.] Of
or pertaining to Peru, in South America. --
n. A native or an inhabitant of
Peru.
Peruvian balsam. See Balsam of
Peru, under Balsam. -- Peruvian
bark, the bitter bark of trees of various species of
Cinchona. It acts as a powerful tonic, and is a remedy for
malarial diseases. This property is due to several alkaloids, as
quinine, cinchonine, etc., and their compounds; -- called also
Jesuit's bark, and
cinchona. See Cinchona.
Per*vade" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pervaded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Pervading.] [L.
pervadere, pervasum; per +
vadere to go, to walk. See Per-, and
Wade.] 1. To pass or flow through,
as an aperture, pore, or interstice; to permeate.
That labyrinth is easily pervaded.
Blackstone.
2. To pass or spread through the whole extent of;
to be diffused throughout.
A spirit of cabal, intrigue, and proselytism
pervaded all their thoughts, words, and actions.
Burke.
Per*va"sion (?), n. [L.
pervasio. See Pervade.] The act of
pervading, passing, or spreading through the whole extent of a
thing.
Boyle.
Per*va"sive (?), a. Tending to
pervade, or having power to spread throughout; of a pervading
quality. \'bdCivilization pervasive and
general.\'b8
M. Arnold.
<-- p. 1072 -->
Per*verse" (?), a. [L.
perversus turned the wrong way, not right, p.p. of
pervertereto turn around, to overturn: cf. F.
pervers. See Pervert.] 1.
Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the
right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted.
The only righteous in a word perverse.
Milton.
2. Obstinate in the wrong; stubborn; intractable;
hence, wayward; vexing; contrary.
To so perverse a sex all grace is vain.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Froward; untoward; wayward; stubborn; ungovernable;
intractable; cross; petulant; vexatious. --
Perverse, Froward. One who is
froward is capricious, and reluctant to obey. One who
is perverse has a settled obstinacy of will, and likes
or dislikes by the rule of contradiction to the will of
others.
Per*versed" (?), a. Turned
aside. [Obs.]
Per*vers"ed*ly (?), adv.
Perversely. [Obs.]
Per*verse"ly, adv. In a perverse
manner.
Per*verse"ness, n. The quality or state
of being perverse. \'bdVirtue hath some
perverseness.\'b8
Donne.
Per*ver"sion (?), n. [L.
perversio: cf. F. perversion. See
Pervert.] The act of perverting, or the state
of being perverted; a turning from truth or right; a diverting
from the true intent or object; a change to something worse; a
turning or applying to a wrong end or use. \'bdViolations
and perversions of the laws.\'b8
Bacon.
Per*ver"si*ty (?), n. [L.
perversitas: cf. F. perversit\'82.]
The quality or state of being perverse; perverseness.
Per*ver"sive (?), a.Tending to
pervert.
Per*vert" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Perverted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Perverting.] [F.
pervertir, L. pervertere,
perversum; per + vertere to turn. See
Per-, and Verse.] 1. To
turnanother way; to divert. [Obs.]
Let's follow him, and pervert the present
wrath.
Shak.
2. To turn from truth, rectitude, or propriety; to
divert from a right use, end, or way; to lead astray; to corrupt;
also, to misapply; to misinterpret designedly; as, to
pervert one's words.
Dryden.
He, in the serpent, had perverted Eve.
Milton.
Per*vert", v. i. To become perverted; to
take the wrong course. [R.]
Testament of Love.
Per"vert (?), n. One who has
been perverted; one who has turned to error, especially in
religion; -- opposed to convert. See the Synonym of
Convert.
That notorious pervert, Henry of Navarre.
Thackeray.
Per*vert"er (?), n. One who
perverts (a person or thing). \'bdHis own parents his
perverters.\'b8 South. \'bdA
perverter of his law.\'b8 Bp. Stillingfleet.
Per*vert"i*ble (?), a. Capable
of being perverted.
Per*ves"ti*gate (?), v. t. [L.
pervestigatus, p.p. of pervestigare.]
To investigate thoroughly. [Obs.]
Per*ves`ti*ga"tion (?), n. [L.
pervestigatio.] Thorough
investigation. [Obs.]
Chillingworth.
Per"vi*al (?), a. [See
Pervious.] Pervious.
[Obs.] -- Per"vi*al*ly,
adv. [Obs.]
Chapman.
Per`vi*ca"cious (?), a. [L.
pervicax, -acis.] Obstinate;
willful; refractory. [Obs.] --
Per`vi*ca"cious*ly, adv. --
Per`vi*ca"cious*ness, n.
[Obs.]
Per`vi*cac"i*ty (?), n.
Obstinacy; pervicaciousness. [Obs.]
Bentley.
Per"vi*ca*cy (?), n. [L.
pervicacia.] Pervicacity.
[Obs.]
Per*vig`i*la"tion (?), n. [L.
pervigilatio, fr. pervigilare.]
Careful watching. [Obs.]
Per"vi*ous (?), a. [L.
pervis; per + via a way. See Per-,
and Voyage.] 1. Admitting passage;
capable of being penetrated by another body or substance;
permeable; as, a pervious soil.
[Doors] . . . pervious to winds, and open every
way.
Pope.
2. Capable of being penetrated, or seen through, by
physical or mental vision. [R.]
God, whose secrets are pervious to no eye.
Jer. Taylor.
3. Capable of penetrating or pervading.
[Obs.]
Prior.
4. (Zo\'94l.) Open; -- used synonymously
with perforate, as applied to the nostrils or
birds.
Per"vi*ous*ness, n. The quality or state
of being pervious; as, the perviousness of
glass.
Boyle.
Per"vis (?), n. See
Parvis.
Per"y (?), n. A pear tree. See
Pirie. [Obs.]
\'d8Pes (?), n.; pl.
Pedes . [L., the foot.]
(Anat.) The distal segment of the hind limb of
vertebrates, including the tarsus and foot.
Pe*sade" (?), n. [F.]
(Man.) The motion of a horse when, raising his
fore quarters, he keeps his hind feet on the ground without
advancing; rearing.
Pes"age (?), n. [F., fr.
peser to weigh.] A fee, or toll, paid for
the weighing of merchandise.
Pes"ane (?), n. (Anc.
Armor.) See Pusane.
Pes"ant*ed (?), a. [F.
pesant heavy.] Made heavy or dull;
debased. [Obs.] \'bdPesanted to
each lewd thought's control.\'b8
Marston.
Pe*schit"o (?), n. See
Peshito.
Pese (?), n. [See
Pea.] A pea. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Pe*se"ta (?), n.
[Sp.] A Spanish silver coin, and money of
account, equal to about nineteen cents, and divided into 100
centesimos.
{ Pe*shit"o (?), Pe*shit"to
(?), } n. [Syriac
pesh\'8ct\'83 simple.] The earliest Syriac
version of the Old Testament, translated from Hebrew; also, the
incomplete Syriac version of the New Testament.
[Written also peschito.]
Pes"ky (?), a. [Etymol.
uncertain.] Pestering; vexatious; troublesome. Used
also as an intensive. [Colloq. & Low, U.S.]
Judd.
\'d8Pe"so (?), n. [Sp.]
A Spanish dollar; also, an Argentine, Chilian, Colombian,
etc., coin, equal to from 75 cents to a dollar; also, a pound
weight.
Pes"sa*ry (?), n.; pl.
Pessaries (#). [L.
pessarium, pessum, pessus, Gr.
pessaire.] (Med.)
(a) An instrument or device to be introduced into
and worn in the vagina, to support the uterus, or remedy a
malposition. (b) A medicinal substance in the
form of a bolus or mass, designed for introduction into the
vagina; a vaginal suppository.
Pes"si*mism (?), n. [L.
pessimus worst, superl. of pejor worse: cf.
F. pessimisme. Cf. Impair.] 1.
(Metaph.) The opinion or doctrine that everything
in nature is ordered for or tends to the worst, or that the world
is wholly evil; -- opposed to optimism.
2. A disposition to take the least hopeful view of
things.
Pes"si*mist (?), n. [L.
pessimus worst: cf. F. pessimiste.]
1. (Metaph.) One who advocates the
doctrine of pessimism; -- opposed to optimist.
2. One who looks on the dark side of things.
{ Pes"si*mist (?), Pes`si*mis"tic
(?), } a. (Metaph.) Of
or pertaining to pessimism; characterized by pessimism; gloomy;
foreboding. \'bdGiving utterance to pessimistic
doubt.\'b8
Encyc. Brit.
Pes`si*mis"tic*al (?), a.
Pessimistic.
Pes"si*mize (?), v. i. To hold
or advocate the doctrine of pessimism.
London Sat. Rev.
\'d8Pes"su*lus (?), n.; pl.
Pessuli (#). [L., a bolt.]
(Anat.) A delicate bar of cartilage connecting
the dorsal and ventral extremities of the first pair of bronchial
cartilages in the syrinx of birds.
Pest (?), n. [L.
pestis: cf. F. peste.] 1.
A fatal epidemic disease; a pestilence; specif., the
plague.
England's sufferings by that scourge, the pest.
Cowper.
2. Anything which resembles a pest; one who, or
that which, is troublesome, noxious, mischievous, or destructive;
a nuisance. \'bdA pest and public enemy.\'b8
South.
Pes`ta*loz"zi*an (?), a.
Belonging to, or characteristic of, a system of elementary
education which combined manual training with other instruction,
advocated and practiced by Jean Henri Pestalozzi
(1746-1827), a Swiss teacher. -- n.
An advocate or follower of the system of
Pestalozzi.
Pes`ta*loz"zi*an*ism (?), n.
The system of education introduced by Pestalozzi.
Pes"ter (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Pestered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Pestering.] [Abbrev. fr.
impester, fr. OF. empaistrier,
empestrer, to entangle the feet or legs, to embarrass,
F. emp\'88trer; pref. em-,
en- (L. in in) + LL. pastorium,
pastoria, a fetter by which horses are prevented from
wandering in the pastures, fr. L. pastorius belonging
to a herdsman or shepherd, pastor a herdsman. See
In, and Pasture, Pastor.]
1. To trouble; to disturb; to annoy; to harass with
petty vexations.
We are pestered with mice and rats.
Dr. H. More.
A multitude of scribblers daily pester the
world.
Dryden.
2. To crowd together in an annoying way; to
overcrowd; to infest. [Obs.]
Milton.
All rivers and pools . . . pestered full with
fishes.
Holland.
Pes"ter*er (?), n. One who
pesters or harasses.
Pes"ter*ment (?), n. The act of
pestering, or the state of being pestered; vexation; worry.
\'bdThe trouble and pesterment of children.\'b8
B. Franklin.
Pes"ter*ous (?), a.Inclined to
pester. Also, vexatious; encumbering; burdensome.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Pest"ful (?), a.
Pestiferous. \'bdAfter long and pestful
calms.\'b8
Coleridge.
Pest`house" (?), n. A house or
hospital for persons who are infected with any pestilential
disease.
Pes"ti*duct (?), n. [L.
pestis pest + ductus a leading, fr.
ducere to lead.] That which conveys
contagion or infection. [Obs.]
Donne.
Pes*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
pestiferus, pestifer; pestis
pest + ferre to bear: cf. F.
pestif\'8are.] 1. Pest-bearing;
pestilential; noxious to health; malignant; infectious;
contagious; as, pestiferous bodies.
\'bdPoor, pestiferous creatures begging alms.\'b8
Evelyn. \'bdUnwholesome and pestiferous
occupations.\'b8 Burke.
2. Noxious to peace, to morals, or to society;
vicious; hurtful; destructive; as, a pestiferous
demagogue.
Pestiferous reports of men very nobly held.
Shak.
Pes*tif"er*ous*ly, adv. In a pestiferuos
manner.
Pes"ti*lence (?), n. [F.
pestilence, L. pestilentia. See
Pestilent.] 1. Specifically, the
disease known as the plague; hence, any contagious or infectious
epidemic disease that is virulent and devastating.
The pestilence That walketh in darkness.
Ps. xci. 6.
2. Fig.: That which is pestilent, noxious, or
pernicious to the moral character of great numbers.
I'll pour this pestilence into his ear.
Shak.
Pestilence weed (Bot.), the
butterbur coltsfoot (Petasites vulgaris), so called
because formerly considered a remedy for the plague.
Dr. Prior.
Pes"ti*lent (?), a. [L.
pestilens, -entis, fr. pestis
pest: cf. F. pestilent.] Pestilential;
noxious; pernicious; mischievous. \'bdCorrupt and
pestilent.\'b8 Milton. \'bdWhat a
pestilent knave is this same!\'b8
Shak.
Pes`ti*len"tial (?), a. [Cf. F.
pestilentiel.] 1. Having the
nature or qualities of a pestilence. \'bdSends the
pestilential vapors.\'b8
Longfellow.
2. Hence: Mischievous; noxious; pernicious; morally
destructive.
So pestilential, so infectious a thing is sin.
Jer. Taylor.
Pes`ti*len"tial*ly, adv.
Pestilently.
Pes`ti*len"tious (?), a.
Pestilential. [Obs.]
Pes"ti*lent*ly (?), adv. In a
pestilent manner; mischievously; destructively. \'bdAbove
all measure pestilently noisome.\'b8
Dr. H. More.
Pes"ti*lent*ness, n. The quality of
being pestilent.
Pes`ti*la"tion (?), n. [LL.
pestillum, L. pistillum. See
Pestle.] The act of pounding and bruising
with a pestle in a mortar.
Sir T. Browne.
Pes"tle (?), n. [OE.
pestel, OF. pestel, LL.
pestellum, L. pistillum,
pistillus, a pounder, pestle, fr. pisere,
pinsere, to pound, crush, akin to Gr. pish. Cf. Pistil.] 1. An
implement for pounding and breaking or braying substances in a
mortar.
2. A constable's or bailiff's staff; -- so called
from its shape. [Obs.]
Chapman.
3. The leg and leg bone of an animal, especially of
a pig; as, a pestle of pork.
Pes"tle (?), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Pestled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pestling
(?).] To pound, pulverize, bray, or mix
with a pestle, or as with a pestle; to use a pestle.
Pet (?), n. [Formerly
peat, perhaps from Ir. peat, akin to Gael.
peata.] 1. A cade lamb; a lamb
brought up by hand.
2. Any person or animal especially cherished and
indulged; a fondling; a darling; often, a favorite child.
The love of cronies, pets, and favorites.
Tatler.
3. [Prob. fr. Pet a fondling, hence, the
behavior or humor of a spoiled child.] A slight fit of
peevishness or fretfulness. \'bdIn a pet she
started up.\'b8
Tennyson.
Pet, a. Petted; indulged; admired;
cherished; as, a pet child; a pet lamb; a
pet theory.
Some young lady's pet curate.
F. Harrison.
Pet cock. [Perh. for petty
cock.] (Mach.) A little faucet in a
water pipe or pump, to let air out, or at the end of a steam
cylinder, to drain it.<-- also petcock -->
Pet, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Petted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Petting.] To treat as a pet; to fondle;
to indulge; as, she was petted and
spoiled.
Pet, v. i. To be a pet.
Feltham.
Pet"al (?), n. [Gr. p\'82tale. See Fathom.] 1.
(Bot.) One of the leaves of the corolla, or the
colored leaves of a flower. See Corolla, and
Illust. of Flower.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the expanded
ambulacra which form a rosette on the black of certain
Echini.
Pet"aled (?), a. (Bot.)
Having petals; as, a petaled flower; --
opposed to apetalous, and much used in compounds;
as, one-petaled, three-petaled,
etc.
Pet`al*if"er*ous (?), a.
[Petal + -ferous.] Bearing
petals.
Pe*tal"i*form (?), a.
(Bot.) Having the form of a petal; petaloid;
petal-shaped.
Pet"al*ine (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82talin.] (Bot.) Pertaining
to a petal; attached to, or resembling, a petal.
Pet"al*ism (?), n. [Gr. p\'82talisme.] (Gr.
Antiq.) A form of sentence among the ancient
Syracusans by which they banished for five years a citizen
suspected of having dangerous influence or ambition. It was
similar to the ostracism in Athens; but olive leaves
were used instead of shells for ballots.
Pet"al*ite (?), n. [Cf. F.
p\'82talite.] (Min.) A rare
mineral, occurring crystallized and in cleavable masses, usually
white, or nearly so, in color. It is a silicate of aluminia and
lithia.
Pe*tal"o*dy (?), n.
[Petal + Gr. (Bot.)
The metamorphosis of various floral organs, usually stamens,
into petals.
Pet"al*oid (?), a.
[Petal + -oid: cf. F.
p\'82talo\'8bde.] (Bot.)
Petaline.
Pet`al*oid"e*ous (?), a.
(Bot.) Having the whole or part of the perianth
petaline.
Petaloideous division, that division of
endogenous plants in which the perianth is wholly or partly
petaline, embracing the Liliace\'91,
Orchidace\'91, Amaryllide\'91,
etc.
\'d8Pet`a*los"ti*cha (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) An order of Echini, including the
irregular sea urchins, as the spatangoids. See
Spatangoid.
Pet"al*ous (?), a. Having
petals; petaled; -- opposed to apetalous.
\'d8Pet"a*lum (?), n.; pl.
Petala (#). [NL.] A
petal.
Pe*tar" (?), n. See
Petard. [Obs.] \'bdHoist with his own
petar.\'b8
Shak.
Pe*tard" (?), n. [F.
p\'82tard, fr. p\'82ter to break wind, to
crack, to explode, L. pedere,
peditum.] (Mil.) A case
containing powder to be exploded, esp. a conical or cylindrical
case of metal filled with powder and attached to a plank, to be
exploded against and break down gates, barricades, drawbridges,
etc. It has been superseded.
{ Pet`ar*deer", Pet`ar*dier" }
(?), n. [F.
p\'82tardier.] (Mil.) One who
managed a petard.
\'d8Pet"a*sus (?), n. [L., from
Gr. (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.) The winged
cap of Mercury; also, a broad-brimmed, low-crowned hat worn by
Greeks and Romans.
Pe*tau"rist (?), n. [L.
petaurista a ropedancer, Gr. p\'82tauriste.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
flying marsupial of the genera Petaurus,
Phalangista, Acrobata, and allied genera.
See Flying mouse, under Flying, and
Phalangister.
\'d8Pe*tech"i*\'91 (?), n. pl.;
sing. Petechia (.
[NL., fr. LL. peteccia; cf. F.
p\'82t\'82chie, It. petecchia, Sp.
petequia, Gr.
(Med.) Small crimson, purple, or livid spots,
like flea-bites, due to extravasation of blood, which appear on
the skin in malignant fevers, etc.
Pe*tech"i*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82t\'82chial, LL. petecchialis.]
(Med.) Characterized by, or pertaining to,
petechi\'91; spotted.
Petechial fever, a malignant fever,
accompanied with livid spots on the skin.
Pe"ter (?), n. A common
baptismal name for a man. The name of one of the apostles,
Peter boat, a fishing boat, sharp at both
ends, originally of the Baltic Sea, but now common in certain
English rivers. -- Peter Funk, the auctioneer
in a mock auction. [Cant, U.S.] --
Peter pence, Peter's
pence. (a) An annual tax or tribute,
formerly paid by the English people to the pope, being a penny
for every house, payable on Lammas or St.Peter's day; -- called
also Rome scot, and hearth
money. (b) In modern times, a
voluntary contribution made by Roman Catholics to the private
purse of the pope. -- Peter's fish
(Zo\'94l.), a haddock; -- so called because the
black spots, one on each side, behind the gills, are
traditionally said to have been caused by the fingers of St.
Peter, when he caught the fish to pay the tribute. The name is
applied, also, to other fishes having similar spots.
<-- p. 1073 -->
Pet"er (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Petered
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Petering.] [Etymol. uncertain.]
To become exhausted; to run out; to fail; -- used generally
with out; as, that mine has petered
out. [Slang, U.S.]
Pet"er*el (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Petrel.
Pet`e*re"ro (?), n.
(Mil.) See Pederero.
Pe"ter*man (?), n.; pl.
Petermen (. A fisherman; -- so
called after the apostle Peter. [An obs. local term
in Eng.]
Chapman.
Pe"ter*sham (?), n. [Named
after Lord Petersham.] A rough, knotted
woolen cloth, used chiefly for men's overcoats; also, a coat of
that material.
Pe"ter*wort` (?), n.
(Bot.) See Saint Peter's-wort, under
Saint.
{ Pet"i*o*lar (?), Pet"i*o*la*ry
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
p\'82tiolarie.] (Bot.) Of or
pertaining to petiole, or proceeding from it; as, a
petiolar tendril; growing or supported upon a
petiole; as, a petiolar gland; a petiolar
bud.
{ Pet"i*o*late (?),
Pet"i*o*la`ted (?), } a.
(Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Having a stalk or petiole;
as, a petioleate leaf; the petiolated
abdomen of certain Hymenoptera.
Pet"i*ole (?), n. [F.
p\'82tiole, fr. L. petiolus a little foot,
a fruit stalk; cf. pes, pedis, a
foot.] 1. (Bot.) A leafstalk; the
footstalk of a leaf, connecting the blade with the stem. See
Illust. of Leaf.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A stalk or peduncle.
Pet"i*oled (?), a.
Petiolate.
Pet`i*ol"u*late (?), a.
(Bot.) Supported by its own petiolule.
Gray.
Pet"i*o*lule (?), n. [Cf. F.
p\'82tiolule.] (Bot.) A small
petiole, or the petiole of a leaflet.
Pet"it (?), a. [F. See
Petty.] Small; little; insignificant; mean;
-- Same as Petty. [Obs., except in legal
language.]
By what small, petit hints does the mind catch hold
of and recover a vanishing notion.
South.
Petit constable, an inferior civil officer,
subordinate to the high constable. -- Petit jury,
a jury of twelve men, impaneled to try causes at the bar of a
court; -- so called in distinction from the grand
jury. -- Petit larceny, the stealing of
goods of, or under, a certain specified small value; -- opposed
to grand larceny. The distinction is abolished in
England. -- Petit ma\'8ctre (.
[F., lit., little master.] A fop; a coxcomb; a
ladies' man. Goldsmith. -- Petit
serjeanty (Eng. Law), the tenure of lands of
the crown, by the service of rendering annually some implement of
war, as a bow, an arrow, a sword, a flag, etc. -- Petit
treason, formerly, in England, the crime of killing a
person to whom the offender owed duty or subjection, as one's
husband, master, mistress, etc. The crime is now not
distinguished from murder.
Pe*ti"tion (?), n. [F.
p\'82tition, L. petitio, fr.
petere, petitum, to beg, ask, seek; perh.
akin to E. feather, or find.]
1. A prayer; a supplication; an imploration; an
entreaty; especially, a request of a solemn or formal kind; a
prayer to the Supreme Being, or to a person of superior power,
rank, or authority; also, a single clause in such a prayer.
A house of prayer and petition for thy people.
1 Macc. vii. 37.
This last petition heard of all her prayer.
Dryden.
2. A formal written request addressed to an
official person, or to an organized body, having power to grant
it; specifically (Law), a supplication to government,
in either of its branches, for the granting of a particular grace
or right; -- in distinction from a memorial, which
calls certain facts to mind; also, the written document.
Petition of right (Law), a petition
to obtain possession or restitution of property, either real or
personal, from the Crown, which suggests such a title as
controverts the title of the Crown, grounded on facts disclosed
in the petition itself. Mozley & W. -- The
Petition of Right (Eng. Hist.), the
parliamentary declaration of the rights of the people, assented
to by Charles I.
Pe*ti"tion, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Petitioned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Petitioning.] To make a prayer
or request to; to ask from; to solicit; to entreat; especially,
to make a formal written supplication, or application to, as to
any branch of the government; as, to petition the
court; to petition the governor.
You have . . . petitioned all the gods for my
prosperity.
Shak.
Pe*ti"tion, v. i. To make a petition or
solicitation.
Pe*ti"tion*a*ri*ly (?), adv. By
way of begging the question; by an assumption.
[R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Pe*ti"tion*a*ry (?), a. 1.
Supplicatory; making a petition.
Pardon Rome, and any petitionary countrymen.
Shak.
2. Containing a petition; of the nature of a
petition; as, a petitionary epistle.
Swift.
Pe*ti`tion*ee" (?), n. A person
cited to answer, or defend against, a petition.
Pe*ti"tion*er (?), n. One who
presents a petition.
Pe*ti"tion*ing, n. The act of presenting
apetition; a supplication.
Pet"i*tor (?), n. [L., fr.
petere to seek.] One who seeks or asks; a
seeker; an applicant. [R.]
Fuller.
Pet"i*to*ry (?), a. [L.
petitorius, fr. petere, petitum,
to beg, ask: cf. F. p\'82titore.]
Petitioning; soliciting; supplicating.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Petitory suit action
(Admiralty Law), a suit in which the mere title to
property is litigated and sought to be enforced, as distinguished
from a possessory suit; also (Scots Law), a
suit wherein the plaintiff claims something as due him by the
defendant.
Burrill.
Pe*tong" (?), n. (Metal.)
See Packfong.
Pe*tral"o*gy (?), n. See
Petrology.
Pet"ra*ry (?), n. [L.
petra stone. Cf. Sp. petraria, and E.
Pederero.] An ancient war engine for hurling
stones.
Pe*tre"an (?), a. [L.
petraeus, Gr. Of or
pertaining to to rock.
G. S. Faber.
Pe"tre (?), n. See
Saltpeter.
Pe"trel (?), n. [F.
p\'82trel; a dim. of the name Peter, L.
Petrus, Gr. John
i.42); -- probably so called in allusion to
St.Peter's walking on the sea. See
Petrify.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of
numerous species of longwinged sea birds belonging to the family
Procellarid\'91. The small petrels, or Mother Carey's
chickens, belong to Oceanites,
Oceanodroma,
Procellaria, and several allied
genera.
Diving petrel, any bird of the genus
Pelecanoides. They chiefly inhabit the southern
hemisphere. -- Fulmar petrel, Giant
petrel. See Fulmar. --
Pintado petrel, the Cape pigeon. See under
Cape. -- Pintado petrel, any one of
several small petrels, especially Procellaria
pelagica, or Mother Carey's chicken, common on both sides
of the Atlantic.
Pe*tres"cence (?), n. The
process of changing into stone; petrification.
Pe*tres"cent (?), a. [L.
petra rock, stone, Gr. Petrifying;
converting into stone; as, petrescent
water.
Boyle.
Pet`ri*fac"tion (?), n. [See
Petrify.] 1. The process of
petrifying, or changing into stone; conversion of any organic
matter (animal or vegetable) into stone, or a substance of stony
hardness.
2. The state or condition of being petrified.
3. That which is petrified; popularly, a body
incrusted with stony matter; an incrustation.
4. Fig.: Hardness; callousness; obduracy.
\'bdPetrifaction of the soul.\'b8
Cudworth.
Pet`ri*fac"tive (?), a. 1.
Having the quality of converting organic matter into stone;
petrifying.
2. Pertaining to, or characterized by,
petrifaction.
The . . . petrifactive mutations of hard
bodies.
Sir T. Browne.
Pe*trif"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
p\'82trifique.] Petrifying;
petrifactive.
Death with his mace petrific, cold and dry.
Milton.
Pet"ri*fi*cate (?), v. t. To
petrify. [Obs.]
Our hearts petrificated were.
J. Hall (1646).
Pet`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. p\'82trification. See Petrify.]
1. See Petrifaction.
2. Fig.: Obduracy; callousness.
Hallywell.
Pet"ri*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Petrified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Petrifying
(?).] [L. petra rock, Gr.
-fy: cf. F.
p\'82trifier. Cf. Parrot, Petrel,
Pier.] 1. To convert, as any animal
or vegetable matter, into stone or stony substance.
A river that petrifies any sort of wood or
leaves.
Kirwan.
2. To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to
paralyze; to transform; as by petrifaction; as, to
petrify the heart. Young.
\'bdPetrifying accuracy.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
And petrify a genius to a dunce.
Pope.
The poor, petrified journeyman, quite unconscious
of what he was doing.
De Quincey.
A hideous fatalism, which ought, logically, to
petrify your volition.
G. Eliot.
Pet"ri*fy, v. i. 1. To become
stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic matter by calcareous
deposits.
2. Fig.: To become stony, callous, or
obdurate.
Like Niobe we marble grow,
And petrify with grief.
Dryden.
Pe"trine (?), a. Of or
pertaining to St.Peter; as, the Petrine
Epistles.
Pet"ro- (?). A combining form from Gr. rock, stone; as,
petrology, petroglyphic.
Pe*trog"a*le (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
Any Australian kangaroo of the genus Petrogale,
as the rock wallaby (P. penicillata).
Pet`ro*glyph"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to petroglyphy.
Pe*trog"ly*phy (?), n.
[Petro + Gr. The art or
operation of carving figures or inscriptions on rock or
stone.
{ Pet`ro*graph"ic (?),
Pet`ro*graph"ic*al (?), } a.
Pertaining to petrography.
Pe*trog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Petro + -graphy.] 1.
The art of writing on stone.
2. The scientific description of rocks; that
department of science which investigates the constitution of
rocks; petrology.
Pet`ro*hy"oid (?), a.
[Petro + hyoid.]
(Anat.) Pertaining to petrous, oe periotic,
portion of the skull and the hyoid arch; as, the
petrohyoid muscles of the frog.
Pe*trol" (?), n.
Petroleum. [R.]
Pet`ro*la"tum (?), n. (Chem. &
Pharm.) A semisolid unctuous substance, neutral, and
without taste or odor, derived from petroleum by distilling off
the lighter portions and purifying the residue. It is a
yellowish, fatlike mass, transparent in thin layers, and somewhat
fluorescent. It is used as a bland protective dressing, and as a
substitute for fatty materials in ointments.
U. S. Pharm.
Petrolatum is the official name for the
purified product. Cosmoline and vaseline
are commercial names for substances essentially the same, but
differing slightly in appearance and consistency or
fusibility.
Pe*tro"le*um (?), n. [NL., fr.
L. petra a rock + oleum oil: cf. F.
p\'82trole. Cf. Petrify, and
Oil.] Rock oil, mineral oil, or natural oil,
a dark brown or greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain
points, exists in the upper strata of the earth, from whence it
is pumped, or forced by pressure of the gas attending it. It
consists of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of
the methane series, but may vary much in appearance, composition,
and properties. It is refined by distillation, and the products
include kerosene, benzine, gasoline, paraffin, etc.
Petroleum spirit, a volatile liquid obtained
in the distillation of crude petroleum at a temperature of
170\'f8 Fahr., or below. The term is rather loosely applied to a
considerable range of products, including benzine and ligroin.
The terms petroleum ether, and naphtha, are
sometimes applied to the still more volatile products, including
rhigolene, gasoline, cymogene, etc.
{ \'d8P\'82`tro`leur" (?), n.
m. \'d8P\'82`tro`leuse" (?), n.
f. }[F.] One who makes use of
petroleum for incendiary purposes.
Pet"ro*line (?), n.
(Chem.) A paraffin obtained from petroleum from
Rangoon in India, and practically identical with ordinary
paraffin.
{ Pet`ro*log"ic (?),
Pet`ro*log"ic*al (?), } a.
Of or pertaining to petrology.
Pet`ro*log"ic*al*ly, adv. According to
petrology.
Pe*trol"o*gist (?), n. One who
is versed in petrology.
Pe*trol"o*gy (?), n.
[Petro + -logy.] 1.
The department of science which is concerned with the
mineralogical and chemical composition of rocks, and with their
classification: lithology.
2. A treatise on petrology.
Pet`ro*mas"toid (?), a.
[Petro + mastoid.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the petrous and
mastoid parts of the temporal bone, periotic.
Pet`ro*my"zont (?), n.
[Petro + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A lamprey.
Pet`ro*nel (?), n. [OF.
petrinal, fr. peitrine, petrine,
the breast, F. poitrine; so called because it was
placed against the breast in order to fire. See
Poitrel.] A sort of hand cannon, or portable
firearm, used in France in the 15th century.
Pe*tro"sal (?), a. [See
Petrous.] (Anat.) (a)
Hard; stony; petrous; as, the petrosal bone;
petrosal part of the temporal bone.
(b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the
petrous, or petrosal, bone, or the corresponding part of the
temporal bone.
Petrosal bone (Anat.), a bone
corresponding to the petrous portion of the temporal bone of man;
or one forming more or less of the periotic capsule.
Pe*tro"sal, n. (Anat.)
(a) A petrosal bone. (b) The
auditory capsule.
Owen.
Pet`ro*si"lex (?), n.
[Petro + silex.]
(Min.) Felsite.
Pet`ro*si*li"cious (?), a.
Containing, or consisting of, petrosilex.
Pet`ro*ste"a*rine (?), n.
[Petro + stearine.] A solid
unctuous material, of which candles are made.
Pe"trous (?), a. [L.
petrosus, fr. petra a stone.]
1. Like stone; hard; stony; rocky; as, the
petrous part of the temporal bone.
Hooper.
2. (Anat.) Same as
Petrosal.
Pet"ti*chaps (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Pettychaps.
Pet"ti*coat (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) [Petty +
coat.] A loose under-garment worn by women,
and covering the body below the waist.
Petticoat government, government by women,
whether in politics or domestic affairs.
[Colloq.] -- Petticoat pipe
(Locomotives), a short, flaring pipe surrounding
the blast nozzle in the smoke box, to equalize the
draft.
Pet"ti*fog (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Pettifogged
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pettifogging
(?).] [Petty +
fog to pettifog.] To do a petty business as
a lawyer; also, to do law business in a petty or tricky
way. \'bdHe takes no money, but pettifogs
gratis.\'b8
S. Butler.
Pet"ti*fog, v. t. To advocate like a
pettifogger; to argue trickily; as, to pettifog a
claim. [Colloq.]
Pet"ti*fog`ger (?), n. A lawyer
who deals in petty cases; an attorney whose methods are mean and
tricky; an inferior lawyer.
A pettifogger was lord chancellor.
Macaulay.
Pet"ti*fog`ger*y (?), n.; pl.
-ies (. The practice or arts
of a pettifogger; disreputable tricks; quibbles.
Quirks of law, and pettifoggeries.
Barrow.
Pet"ti*fog`ging (?), a. Paltry;
quibbling; mean.
Pet"ti*fog`ging, n. Pettifoggery.
Pet`ti*fog"u*lize (?), v. i. To
act as a pettifogger; to use contemptible tricks.
De Quincey.
Pet"ti*ly, adv. In a petty manner;
frivolously.
Pet"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of
being petty or paltry; littleness; meanness.
Pet"tish (?), a. [From
Pet.] Fretful; peevish; moody; capricious;
inclined to ill temper. \'bdA pettish kind of
humor.\'b8 Sterne. -- Pet"tish*ly,
adv. -- Pet"tish*ness,
n.
Pet"ti*toes (?), n. pl.
[Petty + toes.] The toes or
feet of a pig, -- often used as food; sometimes, in contempt, the
human feet.
Shak.
\'d8Pet"to (?), n. [It., fr. L.
pectus.] The breast.
In petto, in the breast; hence, in secrecy; in
reserve.
Pet"ty (?), a.
[Compar. Pettier (?);
superl. Pettiest.] [OE.
petit, F. petit; probably of Celtic origin,
and akin to E. piece. Cf. Petit.]
Little; trifling; inconsiderable; also, inferior;
subordinate; as, a petty fault; a petty
prince.
Denham.
Like a petty god
I walked about, admired of all.
Milton.
Petty averages. See under
Average. -- Petty cash, money
expended or received in small items or amounts. --
Petty officer, a subofficer in the navy, as a
gunner, etc., corresponding to a noncommissionned officer in the
army.
petty constable, petty
jury, petty larceny, petty treason,
See Petit.
Syn. -- Little; diminutive; inconsiderable; inferior;
trifling; trivial; unimportant; frivolous.
<-- p. 1074 -->
Pet"ty*chaps (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small
European singing birds of the subfamily Sylviin\'91,
as the willow warbler, the chiff-chaff, and the golden warbler
(Sylvia hortensis).
Pet"ty*whin (?), n.
[Petty + whin.]
(Bot.) The needle furze. See under
Needle.
{ Pet"u*lance (?), Pet"u*lan*cy
(?), } n. [L.
petulania: cf. F. p\'82tulance. See
Petulant.] The quality or state of being
petulant; temporary peevishness; pettishness; capricious ill
humor. \'bdThe petulancy of our words.\'b8
B. Jonson.
Like pride in some, and like petulance in
others.
Clarendon.
The lowering eye, the petulance, the frown.
Cowper.
Syn. -- Petulance, Peevishness. --
Peevishness implies the permanence of a sour, fretful
temper; petulance implies temporary or capricious
irritation.
Pet"u*lant (?), a. [L.
petulans, -antis, prop., making slight
attacks upon, from a lost dim. of petere to fall upon,
to attack: cf. F. p\'82tulant. See
Petition.] 1. Forward; pert;
insolent; wanton. [Obs.]
Burton.
2. Capriciously fretful; characterized by
ill-natured freakishness; irritable.
\'bdPetulant moods.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Irritable; ill-humored; peevish; cross; fretful;
querulous.
Pet"u*lant*ly, adv. In a petulant
manner.
Pe*tul"ci*ty (?), n. [See
Petulcous.] Wantonness; friskiness.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Pe*tul"cous (?), a. [L.
petulcus. Cf. Petulant.] Wanton;
frisky; lustful. [Obs.]
J. V. Cane.
Pe*tu"ni*a (?), n. [NL., fr.
Braz. petun tobacco.] (Bot.) A
genus of solanaceous herbs with funnelform or salver-shaped
corollas. Two species are common in cultivation, Petunia
violacera, with reddish purple flowers, and P.
nyctaginiflora, with white flowers. There are also
many hybrid forms with variegated corollas.
{ Pe*tunse", Pe*tuntse",
Pe*tuntze" } (?), n.
[From Chinese.] Powdered fledspar, kaolin, or
quartz, used in the manufacture of porcelain.
Pet"worth mar"ble (?). A kind of shell
marble occurring in the Wealden clay at Petworth, in Sussex,
England; -- called also Sussex marble.
Petz"ite (?), n. [From
Petz, who analyzed it.] (Min.) A
telluride of silver and gold, related to hessite.
Peu*ced"a*nin (?), n.
(Chem.) A tasteless white crystalline substance,
extracted from the roots of the sulphurwort
(Peucedanum), masterwort (Imperatoria), and
other related plants; -- called also
imperatorin.
Peu"cil (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) A liquid resembling
camphene, obtained by treating turpentine hydrochloride with
lime. [Written also peucyl.]
Pew (?), n. [OE.
pewe, OF. puie parapet, balustrade,
balcony, fr. L. podium an elevated place, a jutty,
balcony, a parapet or balcony in the circus, where the emperor
and other distinguished persons sat, Gr. Foot, and cf.
Podium, Poy.] 1. One of the
compartments in a church which are separated by low partitions,
and have long seats upon which several persons may sit; --
sometimes called slip. Pews were originally
made square, but are now usually long and narrow.
2. Any structure shaped like a church pew, as a
stall, formerly used by money lenders, etc.; a box in theater; a
pen; a sheepfold. [Obs.]
Pepys. Milton.
Pew opener, an usher in a church.
[Eng.]
Dickens.
Pew, v. t. To furnish with pews.
[R.]
Ash.
Pe"wee (?), n. [So called from
its note.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A common
American tyrant flycatcher (Sayornis ph\'d2be, or
S. fuscus). Called also pewit, and
ph\'d2be.
2. The woodcock. [Local, U.S.]
Wood pewee (Zo\'94l.), a bird
(Contopus virens) similar to the pewee (See
Pewee, 1), but of smaller size.
Pe"wet (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Pewit.
Pew"fel`low (?), n. 1.
One who occupies the same pew with another.
2. An intimate associate; a companion.
Shak.
Pe"wit (?), n. [Prob. of
imitative origin; cf. OD. piewit, D.
kievit, G. kibitz.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The lapwing.
(b) The European black-headed, or laughing, gull
(Xema ridibundus). See under Laughing.
(c) The pewee. [Written also
peevit, peewit, pewet.]
Pew"ter (?), n. [OE.
pewtyr, OF. peutre, peautre,
piautre: cf. D. peauter,
piauter, It. peltro, Sp. & Pg.
peltre, LL. peutreum, pestrum.
Cf. Spelter.] 1. A hard, tough, but
easily fusible, alloy, originally consisting of tin with a little
lead, but afterwards modified by the addition of copper,
antimony, or bismuth.
2. Utensils or vessels made of pewter, as dishes,
porringers, drinking vessels, tankards, pots.
Pewter was formerly much used for
domestic utensils. Inferior sorts contain a large proportion of
lead.
Pew"ter*er (?), n. One whose
occupation is to make utensils of pewter; a pewtersmith.
Shak.
Pew"ter*y (?), a. Belonging to,
or resembling, pewter; as, a pewtery
taste.
Pex"i*ty (?), n. [L.
pexitas, fr. pexus woolly, nappy, p.p. of
pectere to comb.] Nap of cloth.
[Obs.]
Pey"er's glands` (?). [So called from
J.K.Peyer, who described them in 1677.]
(Anat.) Pathches of lymphoid nodules, in the
walls of the small intestiness; agminated glands; -- called also
Peyer's patches. In typhoid fever they become
the seat of ulcers which are regarded as the characteristic
organic lesion of that disease.
Pey"trel (?), n. [OF.
peitral. See Poitrel.] (Anc.
Armor) The breastplate of a horse's armor or harness.
[Spelt also peitrel.] See
Poitrel. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Pe*zi"za (?), n. [NL.,
corrupt. from L. pezica a sessile mushroom, fr. Gr.
(Bot.) A genus
of fungi embracing a great number of species, some of which are
remarkable for their regular cuplike form and deep colors.
Pez"i*zoid (?), a.
[Peziza + -oid.]
(Bot.) Resembling a fungus of the genus Peziza;
having a cuplike form.
\'d8Pfen"nig (?), n.; pl.
Pfennigs (#), G. Pfennige
(#). [G. See Penny.] A
small copper coin of Germany. It is the hundredth part of a mark,
or about a quarter of a cent in United States currency.
\'d8Pha*cel"lus (?), n.; pl.
Phacelli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the
filaments on the inner surface of the gastric cavity of certain
jellyfishes.
Phac"o*chere (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
The wart hog.
Pha"coid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] Resembling a lentil;
lenticular.
Phac"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. -lite.] (Min.) A
colorless variety of chabazite; the original was from Leipa, in
Bohemia.
\'d8Pha"cops (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. (Paleon.)
A genus of trilobites found in the Silurian and Devonian
formations. Phacops bufo is one of the most common
species.
Ph\'91*a"cian (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the Ph\'91acians, a fabulous seafaring people fond
of the feast, the lyre, and the dance, mentioned by Homer.
Ph\'91"no*gam (?), n.
(Bot.) Any plant of the class
Ph\'91nogamia.
\'d8Ph\'91`no*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr.
(Bot.) The class of flowering plants including
all which have true flowers with distinct floral organs;
phanerogamia.
{ Ph\'91`no*ga"mi*an (?),
Ph\'91`no*gam"ic (?), } a.
Same as Ph\'91nogamous.
Ph\'91*nog"a*mous (?), a.
(Bot.) Having true flowers with with distinct
floral organs; flowering.
Ph\'91*nom"e*non (?), n.
[L.] See Phenomenon.
Ph\'91"o*spore (?), n. [Gr. spore.] (Bot.) A
brownish zo\'94spore, characteristic of an order
(Ph\'91ospore\'91) of dark green or olive-colored
alg\'91. -- Ph\'91`o*spor"ic
(#), a.
Pha"\'89*thon (?), n. [L.,
Pha\'89thon (in sense 1), fr. Gr. Phantom.] 1. (Class.
Myth.) The son of Helios (Ph\'d2bus), that is, the son
of light, or of the sun. He is fabled to have obtained permission
to drive the chariot of the sun, in doing which his want of skill
would have set the world on fire, had he not been struck with a
thunderbolt by Jupiter, and hurled headlong into the river
Po.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of oceanic birds
including the tropic birds.
Pha"\'89*ton (?), n. [F.
pha\'82ton a kind of carriage, fr.
Pha\'82thon Pha\'89thon, the son of Helios. See
Pha\'89thon.] 1. A four-wheeled
carriage (with or without a top), open, or having no side pieces,
in front of the seat. It is drawn by one or two horses.
2. See Pha\'89thon.
3. (Zo\'94l.) A handsome American
butterfly (Euphydryas, ).
The upper side of the wings is black, with orange-red spots and
marginal crescents, and several rows of cream-colored spots; --
called also Baltimore.
Phag`e*de"na (?), n. [L.
phagedaena, Gr.
(Med.) (a) A canine appetite;
bulimia. [Obs.] (b) Spreading,
obstinate ulceration.
{ Phag`e*den"ic (?),
Phag`e*den"ic*AL (?), } a.
[L. phagedaenicus, Gr. phag\'82d\'82nique.] (Med.) Of,
like, or pertaining to, phagedena; used in the treatment of
phagedena; as, a phagedenic ulcer or
medicine. -- n. A phagedenic
medicine.
Phag`e*de"nous (?), a.
(Med.) Phagedenic.
Phag"o*cyte (?), n. [Gr. (Physiol.) A
leucocyte which plays a part in retrogressive processes by taking
up (eating), in the form of fine granules, the parts to be
removed.
\'d8Pha*i`no*pep"la (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A small crested passerine bird
(Pha\'8bnopepla nitens), native of Mexico and the
Southern United States. The adult male is of a uniform glossy
blue-black; the female is brownish. Called also black
flycatcher.
Phak"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.]
(Physiol.) An instrument for studying the
mechanism of accommodation.
\'d8Pha*l\'91"na (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
A linn\'91an genus which included the moths in
general.
Pha*l\'91"nid (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Any moth
of the family Phal\'91nid\'91, of which the
cankerworms are examples; a geometrid.
{ Pha*lan"ge*al (?), Pha*lan"gal
(?), } a. Of or pertaining to the
phalanges. See Phalanx, 2.
Pha*lan"ger (?), n. [Cf. F.
phalanger. See Phalanx.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any marsupial belonging to
Phalangista, Cuscus, Petaurus,
and other genera of the family Phalangistid\'91. They
are arboreal, and the species of Petaurus are
furnished with lateral parachutes. See Flying
phalanger, under Flying.
\'d8Pha*lan"ges (?), n.,
pl. of Phalanx.
{ Pha*lan"gi*al (?),
Pha*lan"gi*an (?), } a.
(Anat.) Phalangeal.
Pha*lan"gid (?), n.; pl.
Phalangides (.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the Phalangoidea.
Pha*lan"gi*ous (?), a. [L.
phalangium a kind of venomous spider, Gr. Phalanx.] (Zo\'94l.)
Of or pertaining to Phalangoidea.
Pha*lan"gist (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any arboreal marsupial of the genus
Phalangista. The vulpine phalangist (P.
vulpina) is the largest species, the full grown male being
about two and a half feet long. It has a large bushy tail.
<-- Spanish history -- member of the Phalange -->
{ Phal`an*gis"ter (?),
Phal`an*gis"tine (?), } n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Phalangist.
Phal"an*gite (?), n. [Gr. phalangite.] A soldier belonging to
a phalanx. [Obs.]
\'d8Phal`an*goi"de*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Phalangium the daddy longlegs (see
Phalangious) + Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A division of Arachnoidea, including
the daddy longlegs or harvestman (Phalangium) and many
similar kinds. They have long, slender, many-jointed legs;
usually a rounded, segmented abdomen; and chelate jaws. They
breathe by trache\'91. Called also
Phalangides,
Phalangidea,
Phalangiida, and
Opilionea.
\'d8Pha`lan`st\'82re" (?), n.
[F.] A phalanstery.
Phal`an*ste"ri*an (?), a. [F.
phalanst\'82rien, a. & n.] Of or pertaining
to phalansterianism.
Phal`an*ste"ri*an, n. One who favors the
system of phalansteries proposed by Fourier.
{ Pha*lan"ster*ism (?),
Phal`an*ste"ri*an*ism (?), }
n. A system of phalansteries proposed by Fourier;
Fourierism.
Phal"an*ster*y (?), n.; pl.
-ies (#). [F.
phalanst\'8are, fr. Gr. 1. An association or community
organized on the plan of Fourier. See Fourierism.
2. The dwelling house of a Fourierite
community.
Pha"lanx (?), n.; pl.
Phalanxes (#), L. Phalanges
(#). [L., from Gr. 1.
(Gr. Antiq.) A body of heavy-armed infantry
formed in ranks and files close and deep. There were several
different arrangements, the phalanx varying in depth from four to
twenty-five or more ranks of men. \'bdIn cubic
phalanx firm advanced.\'b8
Milton.
The Grecian phalanx, moveless as a tower.
Pope.
2. Any body of troops or men formed in close array,
or any combination of people distinguished for firmness and
solidity of a union.
At present they formed a united phalanx.
Macaulay.
The sheep recumbent, and the sheep that grazed,
All huddling into phalanx, stood and gazed.
Cowper.
3. A Fourierite community; a phalanstery.
4. (Anat.) One of the digital bones of
the hand or foot, beyond the metacarpus or metatarsus; an
internode.
5. [pl. Phalanges.]
(Bot.) A group or bundle of stamens, as in
polyadelphous flowers.
Phal"a*rope (?), n. [Gr. phalarope.] (Zo\'94l.) Any
species of Phalaropus and allied genera of small
wading birds (Grall\'91), having lobate toes. They are
often seen far from land, swimming in large flocks. Called also
sea goose.
Phal"lic (?), a. [Gr.
Of or pertaining to the phallus, or to
phallism.
Phal"li*cism (?), n. See
Phallism.
Phal"lism (?), n. The worship
of the generative principle in nature, symbolized by the
phallus.
Phal"lus (?), n.; pl.
Phalli (. [L., a phallus (in
sense 1), Gr. 1. The emblem of the
generative power in nature, carried in procession in the Bacchic
orgies, or worshiped in various ways.
2. (Anat.) The penis or clitoris, or the
embryonic or primitive organ from which either may be
derived.
3. (Bot.) A genus of fungi which have a
fetid and disgusting odor; the stinkhorn.
<-- p. 1075 -->
Phane (?), n. See
Fane. [Obs.]
Joye.
Phan"er*ite (?), a. [Gr. Evident;
visible.
Phanerite series (Geol.), the
uppermost part of the earth's crust, consisting of deposits
produced by causes in obvious operation.
\'d8Phan`er*o*car"p\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Acraspeda.
Phan`er*o*co*don"ic (?), a.
[Gr. (Zo\'94l.)
Having an umbrella-shaped or bell-shaped body, with a wide,
open cavity beneath; -- said of certain jellyfishes.
Phan`er*o*crys"tal*line (?), a.
[Gr. crystalline.]
(Geol.) Distinctly crystalline; -- used of rocks.
Opposed to cryptocrystalline.
\'d8Phan`er*o*dac"ty*la (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Saurur\'91.
\'d8Phan`er*o*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.) That one of the two
primary divisions of the vegetable kingdom which contains the
phanerogamic, or flowering, plants.
Phan`er*o*ga"mi*an (?), a.
(Bot.) Phanerogamous.
{ Phan`er*o*gam"ic (?),
Phan`er*og"a*mous (?), } a.
Having visible flowers containing distinct stamens and
pistils; -- said of plants.
Phan`er*o*glos"sal (?), a. [Gr.
(Zo\'94l.)Having
a conspicious tongue; -- said of certain reptiles and
insects.
Phan"ta*scope (?), n. [Gr. -scope.] An optical instrument or
toy, resembling the phenakistoscope, and illustrating the same
principle; -- called also
phantasmascope.
Phan"tasm (?), n. [L.
phantasma. See Phantom, and cf.
Fantasm.] [Spelt also
fantasm.] 1. An image formed by
the mind, and supposed to be real or material; a shadowy or airy
appearance; sometimes, an optical illusion; a phantom; a
dream.
They be but phantasms or apparitions.
Sir W. Raleigh.
2. A mental image or representation of a real
object; a fancy; a notion.
Cudworth.
Figures or little features, of which the description had
produced in you no phantasm or expectation.
Jer. Taylor.
\'d8Phan"tas"ma (?), n.
[L.] A phantasm.
Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*a (?), n.
[NL., from Gr. phantasmagorie.] 1.
An optical effect produced by a magic lantern. The figures
are painted in transparent colors, and all the rest of the glass
is opaque black. The screen is between the spectators and the
instrument, and the figures are often made to appear as in
motion, or to merge into one another.
2. The apparatus by which such an effect is
produced.
3. Fig.: A medley of figures; illusive
images. \'bdThis mental phantasmagoria.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*al (?), a.
Of, relating to, or resembling phantasmagoria;
phantasmagoric.
Phan*tas`ma*gor"ic (?), a. Of
or pertaining to phantasmagoria; phantasmagorial.
Hawthorne.
Phan*tas"ma*go*ry (?), n. See
Phantasmagoria.
Phan*tas"mal (?), a. Pertaining
to, of the nature of, or resembling, a phantasm; spectral;
illusive.
Phan*tas"ma*scope (?), n. See
Phantascope.
Phan`tas*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L.
phantasmaticus.] Phantasmal.
Dr. H. More.
Phan*tas`ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n.
[Gr. -graphy.] A
description of celestial phenomena, as rainbows, etc.
{ Phan*tas"tic (?),
Phan*tas"tic*al (?), } a.
See Fantastic.
Phan"ta*sy (?), n. See
Fantasy, and Fancy.
Phan"tom (?), n. [OE.
fantome, fantosme, fantesme, OF.
fant\'93me, fr. L. phantasma, Gr. Fancy, and cf. Pha\'89ton,
Phantasm, Phase.] That which has
only an apparent existence; an apparition; a specter; a phantasm;
a sprite; an airy spirit; an ideal image.
Strange phantoms rising as the mists arise.
Pope.
She was a phantom of delight.
Wordsworth.
Phantom ship. See Flying
Dutchman, under Flying. -- Phantom
tumor (Med.), a swelling, especially of the
abdomen, due to muscular spasm, accumulation of flatus, etc.,
simulating an actual tumor in appearance, but disappearing upon
the administration of an an\'91sthetic.
Phan`tom*at"ic, a. Phantasmal.
[R.]
Coleridge.
Pha"raoh (?), n. [Heb.
par\'d3h; of Egyptian origin: cf. L.
pharao, Gr. Faro.] 1.
A title by which the sovereigns of ancient Egypt were
designated.
2. See Faro.
Pharaoh's chicken (Zo\'94l.), the
gier-eagle, or Egyptian vulture; -- so called because often
sculpured on Egyptian monuments. It is nearly white in
color. -- Pharaoh's rat (Zo\'94l.),
the common ichneumon.
Pha"ra*on (?), n. See
Pharaoh, 2.
Phar`a*on"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
pharaonique.] Of or pertaining to the
Pharaohs, or kings of ancient Egypt.
Phare (?), n. [See
Pharos.] 1. A beacon tower; a
lighthouse. [Obs.]
2. Hence, a harbor.
Howell.
{ Phar`i*sa"ic (?),
Phar`i*sa"ic*al (?), } a.
[L. Pharisaicus, Gr. pharisa\'8bque. See Pharisee.]
1. Of or pertaining to the Pharisees; resembling
the Pharisees. \'bdThe Pharisaic sect among the
Jews.\'b8
Cudworth.
2. Hence: Addicted to external forms and
ceremonies; making a show of religion without the spirit of it;
ceremonial; formal; hypocritical; self-righteous. \'bdExcess of
outward and pharisaical holiness. \'b8
Bacon. \'bdPharisaical ostentation.\'b8
Macaulay.
-- Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ly, adv. --
Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ness, n.
Phar`i*sa"ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
pharisaisme.] 1. The notions,
doctrines, and conduct of the Pharisees, as a sect.
Sharp.
2. Rigid observance of external forms of religion,
without genuine piety; hypocrisy in religion; a censorious,
self-righteous spirit in matters of morals or manners.
\'bdA piece of pharisaism.\'b8
Hammond.
Phar`i*se"an (?), a. [L.
Pharisaeus, Gr. Following the
practice of Pharisees; Pharisaic. [Obs.]
\'bdPharisean disciples.\'b8
Milton.
Phar"i*see (?), n. [L.
Pharisaeus, Gr. p\'berash to
separate.] One of a sect or party among the Jews,
noted for a strict and formal observance of rites and ceremonies
and of the traditions of the elders, and whose pretensions to
superior sanctity led them to separate themselves from the other
Jews.
Phar"i*see*ism (?), n. See
Pharisaism.
{ Phar`ma*cue"tic (?),
Phar`ma*cue"tic*al (?), } a.
[L. pharmaceuticus, Gr. pharmaceutique. See Pharmacy.] Of
or pertaining to the knowledge or art of pharmacy, or to the art
of preparing medicines according to the rules or formulas of
pharmacy; as, pharmaceutical
preparations. --
Phar`ma*cue"tic*al*ly,
adv.
Pharmaceutical chemistry, that department of
chemistry which ascertains or regulates the composition of
medicinal substances.
Phar`ma*cue"tics (?), n. The
science of preparing medicines.
Phar`ma*cue"tist (?), n. One
skilled in pharmacy; a druggist. See the Note under
Apothecary.
Phar"ma*cist (?), n. One
skilled in pharmacy; a pharmaceutist; a druggist.
Phar`ma*co*dy*nam"ics (?), n.
[Gr. dynamics.] That
branch of pharmacology which considers the mode of action, and
the effects, of medicines.
Dunglison.
Phar`ma*cog*no"sis (?), n. [Gr.
That branch of
pharmacology which treats of unprepared medicines or simples; --
called also pharmacography, and
pharmacomathy.
Phar`ma*cog"no*sy (?), n.
Pharmacognosis.<-- now also used to designate the
study of the distribution of and methods for finding medically
useful agents in natural sources, primarily plants. -->
Phar`ma*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr.
-graphy.] See
Pharmacognosis.
Phar*mac"o*lite (?), n. [Gr.
-lite: cf. F.
pharmacolithe.] (Min.) A hydrous
arsenate of lime, usually occurring in silky fibers of a white or
grayish color.
Phar`ma*col"o*gist (?), n. [Cf.
F. pharmacologiste.] One skilled in
pharmacology.
Phar`ma*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr.
-logy: cf. F.
pharmacologie.] 1. Knowledge of
drugs or medicines; the art of preparing medicines.
2. A treatise on the art of preparing
medicines.
Phar`ma*com"a*thy (?), n. [Gr.
See
Pharmacognosis.
Phar"ma*con (?), n. [NL., fr.
Gr. A medicine or drug; also, a poison.
Dunglison.
Phar`ma*co*p\'d2"ia (?), n.
[NL., from Gr. 1. A book or
treatise describing the drugs, preparations, etc., used in
medicine; especially, one that is issued by official authority
and considered as an authoritative standard.
2. A chemical laboratory. [Obs.]
Dunglison.
Phar`ma*cop"o*list (?), n. [L.
pharmacopola, Gr. One who sells medicines; an apothecary.
Phar`ma*co*sid"er*ite (?), n.
[Gr. siderite.]
(Min.) A hydrous arsenate of iron occurring in
green or yellowish green cubic crystals; cube ore.
Phar"ma*cy (?), n. [OE.
fermacie, OF. farmacie,
pharmacie, F. pharmacie, Gr.
1. The art or practice of preparing and preserving
drugs, and of compounding and dispensing medicines according to
prescriptions of physicians; the occupation of an apothecary or a
pharmaceutical chemist.
2. A place where medicines are compounded; a drug
store; an apothecary's shop.
Pha"ro (?), n. 1. A
pharos; a lighthouse. [Obs.]
2. See Faro.
Pha*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The art or science
which treats of lighthouses and signal lights.
Pha"ros (?), n. [L., fr. Gr.
A
lighthouse or beacon for the guidance of seamen.
He . . . built a pharos, or lighthouse.
Arbuthnot.
Pha*ryn"gal (?), a.
Pharyngeal.
H. Sweet.
Phar`yn*ge"al (?), a. [See
Pharynx.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining
to the pharynx; in the region of the pharynx.
Phar`yn*ge"al, n. (Anat.) A
pharyngeal bone or cartilage; especially, one of the lower
pharyngeals, which belong to the rudimentary fifth
branchial arch in many fishes, or one of the upper
pharyngeals, or pharyngobranchials, which are the dorsal
elements in the complete branchial arches.
\'d8Phar`yn*gi"tis (?), n. [NL.
See Pharynx, and -itis.]
(Med.) Inflammation of the pharynx.
Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*al (?), a.
[Pharynx + branchial.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pharynx and the
branchi\'91; -- applied especially to the dorsal elements in the
branchial arches of fishes. See Pharyngeal. --
n. A pharyngobranchial, or upper
pharyngeal, bone or cartilage.
\'d8Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*i (?), n.
pl. [NL. See Pharynx, and
Branchia.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Leptocardia.
\'d8Phar`yn*gog"na*thi (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Pharynx, and Gnathic.]
(Zo\'94l.) A division of fishes in which the
lower pharyngeal bones are united. It includes the scaroid,
labroid, and embioticoid fishes.
Pha*ryn`go*lar`yn*ge"al (?), a.
[Pharynx + laryngeal.] Of
or pertaining both to pharynx and the larynx.
\'d8Pha*ryn`gop*neus"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.) A group of invertebrates including the
Tunicata and Enteropneusta. --
Pha*ryn`gop*neus"tal (#),
a.
Pha*ryn"go*tome (?), n.
(Surg.) An instrument for incising or scarifying
the tonsils, etc.
Phar`yn*got"o*my (?), n.
[Pharynx + Gr. :
cf. F. pharyngotomie.] (Surg.)
(a) The operation of making an incision into the
pharynx, to remove a tumor or anything that obstructs the
passage. (b) Scarification or incision of the
tonsils.
Phar"ynx (?), n.; pl.
pharynges (#). [NL., fr. Gr. pharynx.] (Anat.)
The part of the alimentary canal between the cavity of the
mouth and the esophagus. It has one or two external openings
through the nose in the higher vertebrates, and lateral branchial
openings in fishes and some amphibias.
Phas"co*lome (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A marsupial
of the genus Phascolomys; a wombat.
Phase (?), n.; pl.
Phases (#). [NL.
phasis, Gr. phase. See Phenomenon, Phantom, and
Emphasis.] 1. That which is
exhibited to the eye; the appearance which anything manifests,
especially any one among different and varying appearances of the
same object.
2. Any appearance or aspect of an object of mental
apprehension or view; as, the problem has many
phases.
3. (Astron.) A particular appearance or
state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes with respect to
quantity of illumination or form of enlightened disk; as, the
phases of the moon or planets. See
Illust. under Moon.
4. (Physics) Any one point or portion in
a recurring series of changes, as in the changes of motion of one
of the particles constituting a wave or vibration; one portion of
a series of such changes, in distinction from a contrasted
portion, as the portion on one side of a position of equilibrium,
in contrast with that on the opposite side.
Pha"sel (?), n. [L.
phaselus, phaseolus, Gr. phas\'82ole, fas\'82ole. Cf.
Fesels.] The French bean, or kidney
bean.
Phase"less (?), a. Without a
phase, or visible form. [R.] \'bdA
phaseless and increasing gloom.\'b8
Poe.
\'d8Pha*se"o*lus (?), n.
[L.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous
plants, including the Lima bean, the kidney bean, the scarlet
runner, etc. See Bean.
Pha`se*o*man"nite (?), n. [So
called because found in the unripe fruit of the bean
(Phaseolus vulgaris).] (Chem.)
Same as Inosite.
\'d8Pha"sis (?), n.; pl.
Phases (#). [NL.] See
Phase.
Creech.
{ Phasm (?), Phas"ma
(?), } n. [L. phasma,
Gr. Phase.] An apparition; a
phantom; an appearance. [R.]
Hammond. Sir T. Herbert.
Phas"mid (?), n. [See
Phasm. Probably so called from its mimicking, or
appearing like, inanimate objects.] (Zo\'94l.)
Any orthopterous insect of the family
Phasmid\'91, as a leaf insect or a stick insect.
Phas"sa*chate (?), n. [Gr. (Min.)
The lead-colored agate; -- so called in reference to its
color.
Phat"a*gin (?), n. [Cf. Gr.
(Zo\'94l.)
The long-tailed pangolin (Manis tetradactyla); --
called also ipi.
Pheas"ant (?), n. [OE.
fesant, fesaunt, OF. faisant,
faisan, F. faisan, L. phasianus,
Gr. 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of numerous species of large gallinaceous birds of
the genus Phasianus, and many other genera of the
family Phasianid\'91, found chiefly in Asia.
<-- # note collocations in notes have italic font in WEB1913 -->
common,
(Phasianus Colchicus) is now found over most of
temperate Europe, but was introduced from Asia. The
ring-necked pheasant (P. torquatus) and the
green pheasant (P. versicolor) have been
introduced into Oregon. The golden pheasant
(Thaumalea picta) is one of the most beautiful
species. The silver pheasant (Euplocamus
nychthemerus) of China, and several related species from
Southern Asia, are very beautiful.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The ruffed grouse.
[Southern U.S.]
pheasants, as the lyre bird, the leipoa, etc.
Fireback pheasant. See Fireback.
-- Gold, Golden,
pheasant (Zo\'94l.), a Chinese
pheasant (Thaumalea picta), having rich, varied
colors. The crest is amber-colored, the rump is golden yellow,
and the under parts are scarlet. -- Mountain
pheasant (Zo\'94l.), the ruffed grouse.
[Local, U.S.] -- Pheasant coucal
(Zo\'94l.), a large Australian cuckoo
(Centropus phasianus). The general color is black,
with chestnut wings and brown tail. Called also pheasant
cuckoo. The name is also applied to other allied
species. -- Pheasant duck. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The pintail. (b) The hooded
merganser. -- Pheasant parrot
(Zo\'94l.), a large and beautiful Australian
parrakeet (Platycercus Adelaidensis). The male has the
back black, the feathers margined with yellowish blue and
scarlet, the quills deep blue, the wing coverts and cheeks light
blue, the crown, sides of the neck, breast, and middle of the
belly scarlet. -- Pheasant's eye.
(Bot.) (a) A red-flowered herb
(Adonis autumnalis) of the Crowfoot family; -- called
also pheasant's-eye Adonis. (b)
The garden pink (Dianthus plumarius); -- called
also Pheasant's-eye pink. --
Pheasant shell (Zo\'94l.), any marine
univalve shell of the genus Phasianella, of which
numerous species are found in tropical seas. The shell is smooth
and usually richly colored, the colors often forming blotches
like those of a pheasant. -- Pheasant wood.
(Bot.) Same as Partridge wood
(a), under Partridge. -- Sea
pheasant (Zo\'94l.), the pintail. --
Water pheasant. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
The sheldrake. (b) The hooded
merganser.
<-- p. 1076 -->
Pheas"ant*ry (?), n. [Cf. F.
faisanderie.] A place for keeping and
rearing pheasants.
Gwilt.
Phe"be (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
See Ph\'d2be.
Pheer, n. See 1st Fere.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Pheese (?), v. t. To comb;
also, to beat; to worry. [Obs. or Local] See
Feaze, v.
Pheese, n. Fretful excitement.
[Obs. or Local] See Feaze,
n.
Phel"lo*derm (?), n. [Gr. -derm.] (Bot.) A layer of
green parenchimatous cells formed on the inner side of the
phellogen.
Phel"lo*gen (?), n. [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.) The tissue
of young cells which produces cork cells.
Phel`lo*plas"tics (?), n. [Gr.
Art of modeling in
cork.
Phen"a*cite (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A glassy
colorless mineral occurring in rhombohedral crystals, sometimes
used as a gem. It is a silicate of glucina, and receives its
name from its deceptive similarity to quartz.
Phen`a*kis"to*scope (?), n.
[Gr. -scope.] A
revolving disk on which figures drawn in different relative
attitudes are seen successively, so as to produce the appearance
of an object in actual motion, as an animal leaping, etc., in
consequence of the persistence of the successive visual
impressions of the retina. It is often arranged so that the
figures may be projected upon a screen.
Phe*nan"threne (?), n.
[Phenyl + antracene.]
(Chem.) A complex hydrocarbon,
C14H10, found in coal tar, and obtained as a
white crystalline substance with a bluish fluorescence.
Phe*nan"thri*dine (?), n.
[Phenanthrene + pyridine.]
(Chem.) A nitrogenous hydrocarbon base,
C13H9N, analogous to phenanthrene and
quinoline.
Phe*nan"thro*line (?), n.
[Phenanthrene + quinoline.]
(Chem.) Either of two metameric nitrogenous
hydrocarbon bases, C12H8N2, analogous to
phenanthridine, but more highly nitrogenized.
Phene (?), n. (Chem.)
Benzene. [Obs.]
Phe"ne*tol (?), n.
[Phenyl + ethyl + L. oleum
oil.] (Chem.) The ethyl ether of phenol,
obtained as an aromatic liquid,
C6H5.O.C2H5.
Phe"nic (?), a. (Chem.)
Of, pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, phenyl or
phenol.
Phenic acid (Chem.), a phenol.
[Obsoles.]
Phe*ni"cian (?), a. & n. See
Ph\'d2nician.
Phen"i*cine (?), n. [Gr.
foi^nix purple red: cf. F.
ph\'82nicine.] (Chem.) (a)
A purple powder precipitated when a sulphuric solution of
indigo is diluted with water. (b) A coloring
matter produced by the action of a mixture of strong nitric and
sulphuric acids on phenylic alcohol.
Watts.
Phe*ni"cious (?), a. [L.
phoeniceus, Gr. foini`keos, from Of a red color with a slight mixture of
gray.
Dana.
Phen`i*cop"ter (?), n. [L.
phoenicopterus, Gr. foiniko`pteros, i.e.,
red-feathered; foi^nix, foi`nikos, purple
red + ptero`n feather: cf. F.
ph\'82nicopt\'8are.] (Zo\'94l.)
A flamingo.
Phe"nix (?), n.; pl.
Phenixes (#). [L.
phoenix, Gr. foi^nix.]
[Written also ph\'d2nix.] 1.
(Gr. Myth.) A bird fabled to exist single, to be
consumed by fire by its own act, and to rise again from its
ashes. Hence, an emblem of immortality.
2. (Astron.) A southern
constellation.
3. A marvelous person or thing.
[R.]
Latimer.
<-- rise like a phoenix, to resume an endeavor after an
apparently final defeat -->
\'d8Phen`o*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl.
(Bot.) Same as Ph\'91nogamia.
{ Phen`o*ga"mi*an (?),
Phen`o*gam"ic (?), Phe*nog"a*mous
(?) }, a. Same as
Ph\'91nogamian, Ph\'91nogamic, etc.
Phe"nol (?), n. [Gr. -ol: cf. F. ph\'82nol.]
(Chem.) 1. A white or pinkish
crystalline substance, C6H5OH, produced by the
destructive distillation of many organic bodies, as wood, coal,
etc., and obtained from the heavy oil from coal tar.
phenyl
alcohol, but has acid properties, and hence is
popularly called carbolic acid, and was
formerly called phenic acid. It is a powerful
caustic poison, and in dilute solution has been used as an
antiseptic.
2. Any one of the series of hydroxyl derivatives of
which phenol proper is the type.
Glacial phenol (Chem.), pure
crystallized phenol or carbolic acid. -- Phenol
acid (Chem.), any one of a series of
compounds which are at once derivatives of both phenol and some
member of the fatty acid series; thus, salicylic acid is a
phenol acid.<-- s.a. is not a fatty acid, but a
benzoic acid derivative. IT should say "carboxylic acid" --> --
Phenol alcohol (Chem.), any one of
series of derivatives of phenol and carbinol which have the
properties of both combined; thus, saligenin is a phenol
alcohol. -- Phenol aldehyde
(Chem.), any one of a series of compounds having
both phenol and aldehyde properties. -- Phenol
phthalein. See under Phthalein.
Phe"no*late (?), n.
[Phenol + -ate.]
(Chem.) A compound of phenol analogous to a
salt.
Phe*nom"e*nal (?), a. [Cf. F.
ph\'82nom\'82nal.] Relating to, or of the
nature of, a phenomenon; hence, extraordinary; wonderful; as,
a phenomenal memory. --
Phe*nom"e*nal*ly, adv.
Phe*nom"e*nal*ism (?), n.
(Metaph.) That theory which limits positive or
scientific knowledge to phenomena only, whether material or
spiritual.
Phe*nom"e*nist (?), n. One who
believes in the theory of phenomenalism.
Phe*nom`e*nol"o*gy (?), n.
[Phenomenon + -logy: cf. F.
ph\'82nom\'82nologie.] A description,
history, or explanation of phenomena. \'bdThe
phenomenology of the mind.\'b8
Sir W. Hamilton.
Phe*nom"e*non (?), n.; pl.
Phenomena (#). [L.
phaenomenon, Gr. faino`menon, fr.
fai`nesqai to appear, fai`nein to show. See
Phantom.] 1. An appearance; anything
visible; whatever, in matter or spirit, is apparent to, or is
apprehended by, observation; as, the phenomena of
heat, light, or electricity; phenomena of imagination or
memory.
In the phenomena of the material world, and in many
of the phenomena of mind.
Stewart.
2. That which strikes one as strange, unusual, or
unaccountable; an extraordinary or very remarkable person, thing,
or occurrence; as, a musical phenomenon.
Phe"nose` (?), n.
[Phenyl + dextrose.]
(Chem.) A sweet amorphous deliquescent substance
obtained indirectly from benzene, and isometric with, and
resembling, dextrose.
Phe"nyl (?), n. [Gr. -yl: cf. F. ph\'82nyle. So
called because it is a by-product of illuminating gas.]
(Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical
(C6H5) regarded as the essential residue of
benzene, and the basis of an immense number of aromatic
derivatives.
Phenyl hydrate (Chem.), phenol or
carbolic acid. -- Phenyl hydrazine
(Chem.), a nitrogenous base
(C6H5.N2H3) produced artificially as a colorless
oil which unites with acids, ketones, etc., to form
well-crystallized compounds.
Phe`nyl*am"ine (?), n.
[Phenyl + amine.]
(Chem.) Any one of certain class of organic bases
regarded as formed from ammonia by the substitution of phenyl for
hydrogen.
Phe"nyl*ene (?), n.
(Chem.) A hypothetic radical
(C6H4) occurring in certain derivatives of
benzene; as, phenylene diamine.
Phe*nyl"ic (?), a.
(Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or
containing, phenyl.
Phenylic alcohol (Chem.),
phenol.
Phe"on (?), n. [Prob. from Old
French.] (Her.) A bearing representing the
head of a dart or javelin, with long barbs which are engrailed on
the inner edge.
Phi"al (?), n. [F.
fiole, L. phiala a broad, flat, shallow cup
or bowl, Gr. Vial.] A glass vessel
or bottle, especially a small bottle for medicines; a vial.
Phi"al, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Phialed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Phialing.] To put or keep in,
or as in, a phial.
Its phial'd wrath may fate exhaust.
Shenstone.
Phil"a*beg (?), n. See
Filibeg.
Phil`a*del"phi*an (?), a. [Gr.
filadelfia brotherly love, from fila`delfos
brotherly; fi`los loved, loving, friendly +
'adelfo`s brother.] Of or pertaining to
Ptolemy Philadelphus, or to one of the cities named Philadelphia,
esp. the modern city in Pennsylvania.
Phil`a*del"phi*an, n. 1. A
native or an inhabitant of Philadelphia.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a society of
mystics of the seventeenth century, -- called also the
Family of Love.
Tatler.
Phil`a*le"thist (?), n.
[Philo- + Gr. A lover of
the truth. [Obs.]
Brathwait.
Phi*lan"der (?), v. i. [Gr. To make love to
women; to play the male flirt.
You can't go philandering after her again.
G. Eliot.
Phi*lan"der, n. A lover.
[R.]
Congreve.
Phi*lan"der, n. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A South American opossum (Didelphys
philander). (b) An Australian bandicoot
(Perameles lagotis).
Phi*lan"der*er (?), n. One who
hangs about women; a male flirt. [R.]
C. Kingsley.
Phil"an*thrope (?), n.
[F.] A philanthropist. [Obs.]
R. North.
{ Phil`an*throp"ic (?),
Phil`an*throp"ic*al (?), } a.
[Cf. F. philanthropique.] Of or
pertaining to philanthropy; characterized by philanthropy; loving
or helping mankind; as, a philanthropic
enterprise. --
Phil`an*throp"ic*al*ly,
adv.
Phil`an*throp"i*nism (?), n. A
system of education on so-called natural principles, attempted in
Germany in the last century by Basedow, of Dessau.
Phil`an*throp"i*nist (?), n. An
advocate of, or believer in, philanthropinism.
Phi*lan"thro*pist (?), n. [Gr.
philanthrope.]
One who practices philanthropy; one who loves mankind, and
seeks to promote the good of others.
<-- esp. a wealthy individual who donates large amounts of money
to charitable or philanthropic causes -->
Phi*lan`thro*pis"tic (?), a.
Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a philanthropist.
[R.]
Carlyle.
Phi*lan"thro*py (?), n. [L.
philanthropia, Gr. philanthropie.] Love to mankind;
benevolence toward the whole human family; universal good will;
desire and readiness to do good to all men; -- opposed to
misanthropy.
Jer. Taylor.
<-- (2) active effort to promote human welfare; humanitarian
activity. [i.e., an action, not merely a state of mind] -->
<-- 2. an organization whose purpose is to engage in
philanthropy(2), and is supported by funds from one or a small
number of wealthy individuals; a type of charity, the source of
whose funds is typically from a wealthy individual or a
corporation, or a trust fund established by a wealthy individual.
It is distinguished from other charitable organizations in that
the source of funds of other charities may come from a large
number of sources, or from public solicitation. -->
Phil`a*tel"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to philately.
Phi*lat"e*list (?), n. One
versed in philately; one who collects postage stamps.
Phi*lat"e*ly (?), n.
[Philo- + Gr. frank to send free.] The collection of
postage stamps of various issues.
Phil"a*to*ry (?), n. [OF.
filatiere, philatiere. See
Phylactery.] (Eccl.) A kind of
transparent reliquary with an ornamental top.
Phil"au*ty (?), n. [Gr. Self-love; selfishness.
[Obs.]
Beaumont.
Phil`har*mon"ic (?), a.
[Philo- + Gr. philharmonique.] Loving harmony or
music.
Phil*hel"lene (?), n. A friend
of Greece, or of the Greeks; a philhellenist.
Emerson.
Phil`hel*len"ic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to philhellenism.
Phil*hel"len*ism (?), n. Love
of Greece.
Phil*hel"len*ist, n. [Philo-
+ Gr. philhell\'8ane.]
A friend of Greece; one who supports the cause of the
Greeks; particularly, one who supported them in their struggle
for independence against the Turks; a philhellene.
Phil"i*beg (?), n. See
Filibeg. [Scot.]
Phil"ip (?), n. [So called from
their notes.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
European hedge sparrow. (b) The house
sparrow. Called also phip. [Prov.
Eng.]
Phi*lip"pi*an (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Philippi, a city of ancient Macedonia. --
n. A native or an inhabitant of
Philippi.
Phi*lip"pic (?), n. [L.
Philippicus belonging to Philip, Philippic, Gr. philippique.] 1. Any one of the
series of famous orations of Demosthenes, the Grecian orator,
denouncing Philip, king of Macedon.
2. Hence: Any discourse or declamation abounding in
acrimonious invective.
Phi*lip"pi*um (?), n. [NL. So
named from Philippe Plantamour, of Geneva,
Switzerland.] (Chem.) A rare and doubtful
metallic element said to have been discovered in the mineral
samarskite.<-- no such element -->
Phil"ip*pize (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Philippized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Philippizing.] [Gr. 1. To support or advocate the
cause of Philip of Macedon.
2. [See Philippic.] To write or
speak in the style of a philippic.
Phi*lis"ter (?), n. [G.]
A Philistine; -- a cant name given to townsmen by students
in German universities.<-- in sense 3 -->
Phi*lis"tine (?), n. [L.
Philistinus, Heb. Phlishth\'c6, pl.
Phlishth\'c6m.] 1. A native or an
inhabitant of ancient Philistia, a coast region of southern
Palestine.
2. A bailiff. [Cant, Eng.]
[Obs.]
Swift.
3. A person deficient in liberal culture and
refinement; one without appreciation of the nobler aspirations
and sentiments of humanity; one whose scope is limited to selfish
and material interests. [Recent]
M. Arnold.
Phi*lis"tine, a. 1. Of or
pertaining to the Philistines.
2. Uncultured; commonplace.
Phi*lis"tin*ism (?), n. The
condition, character, aims, and habits of the class called
Philistines. See Philistine, 3.
[Recent]
Carlyle.
On the side of beauty and taste, vulgarity; on the side of
morals and feeling, coarseness; on the side of mind and spirit,
unintelligence, -- this is Philistinism.
M. Arnold.
Phil"lips*ite (?), n. [So named
after John Phillips, an English mineralogist.]
(Min.) (a) A hydrous silicate of
aluminia, lime, and soda, a zeolitic mineral commonly occurring
in complex twin crystals, often cruciform in shape; -- called
also christianite.
<-- sic. no (b) in original! -->
Phil*lyg"e*nin (?), n.
[Phillyrin + -gen +
-in.] (Chem.) A pearly
crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of
phillyrin.
\'d8Phil*lyr"e*a (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Bot.) A genus of
evergreen plants growing along the shores of the Mediterranean,
and breading a fruit resembling that of the olive.
Phil"ly*rin (?), n.
(Chem.) A glucoside extracted from Phillyrea as a
bitter white crystalline substance. It is sometimes used as a
febrifuge.
Philo-. A combining form from Gr.